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Fluke 8505A User's Manual

1. DIGITIZING TIME Line Synchronous 0 000 008 For 2 to 2 samples per reading digitizing time is from 4 ms to 9 minutes 6 seconds using a 60 Hz ac line with times increasing 20 using a 50 Hz ac line Selectable in 18 binary steps Line Asynchronous ee0 eee 2 ms In 3 byte binary mode with dc zero offset limits and calibration factors turned off NOISE REJECTION Norma Mode Rejection LINE FILTER 4 SAMPLES 32 SAMPLES 128 SAMPLES FREQUENCY MODE READING READING READING 50 hertz Fast 60 dB 70 dB 75 dB 50 hertz Slow 85 dB 90 dB 95 dB 60 hertz Fast 60 dB 70 dB 75 dB 60 hertz Slow 90 dB i 95 dB 100 dB Common Mode Rejection 160 dB at 60 hertz with 1 kQ in series with either lead and 4 sampies or more per reading Greater than or equal to 100 dB with less than 4 samples per reading 1 4 8505A Table 1 3 Specifications cont DC RATIO Accuracy EXTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE 20V to 40V Vmin to 20V ACCURACY A B 0 001 A B 0 02 Vxret Maximum Externa Reference Voltage 40V between External Reference HI and LO terminals providing neither terminal is greater than 20V relative to the Sense LO or Ohms Guard terminals Operating Characteristics INPUT IMPEDANCE BIAS CURRENT SOURCE IMPEDANCE MAXIMUM OVERLOAD VOLTAGE NOISE REJECTION Sense LO nA External Reference HI
2. A latching error condition is encountered in the following example Assume that the multimeter is configured for de volts V but not de current measurement I and 1V dc is applied to the inputs The following sequence of commands is sent IR1 G1 V The first command IR1 triggers an invalid reading loads the error buffer with latching error 19 and causes the error message to be returned The second command G1 returns 19 as the first two characters of the status response and resets the error buffer to 00 The third command 7 triggers another invalid reading loads the error buffer with 19 again and returns the error message The fourth command V is valid Therefore the actual reading is returned and the error buffer is reset to 00 NOTE Latching errors are enabled at all times Calibration mode on or off when remote operation is in use However latching errors can be disabled locally with Calibration mode on This procedure is intended for use during troubleshooting only Do not attempt to disable latching errors at any other time The following additional error conditions can occupy the error buffer for either the 8505A or the 8506A 1 23 The Calibration Memory is faulty or not installed 2 24 Illegal module configuration This error occurs at power up or reset It may mean that a Calibration Memory module is installed The 8505A and 8506A do not use a separate module for calibration memory entries calibration mem
3. Offset values may range from 1 X 10 to 1 X 10 including 0 0 e Offset subtracted ON e o Ofiset not subtracted OFF EXTERNAL REFERENCE AND SCALING COMMAND CHARACTERS The X command characters select External Reference or Scaling mode Either mode is valid for any function and range In External Reference mode readings are divided by the signed magnitude of the external reference voltage In Scaling mode readings are divided by a numerically entered scale factor or by a previously read value External Reference On Scaling Off The X External Reference mode uses the external reference voltage Vxref to divide the measured voltage Vxref is measured during each reading cycle Minimum Vxref 0 0001V or the input divided by the maximum display with the volts range whichever is greater 8500A only For the 8502A the minimum Vxref is the input divided by 10 Maximum Vxref 40V between Ext Ref Hi and Lo terminals providing neither terminal is greater than 20V relative to the Sense Lo or Ohms Guard Terminals 2A 12 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont External Reference Off Scaling Off External Reference Off The X1 Scaling mode will divide all readings by a Scaling On previously taken external reference voltage or by a previously entered numeric scale factor The read valued may not be used as a scaling factor NOTE The 8502A can
4. Tabie 2 1 Controls indicators and Connectors ITEM NAME DESCRIPTION 1 Mantissa Field Displays 5 6 or 7 digits with polarity and decimal point Also displays errors and warnings prompts numerics recalled values and limits indications 2 Exponent Field Polarity and value of exponent shown for engineering notation of display value In Averaging or Calibration mode the exponent may be used as an extra digit of resolution 3 Function Annunciators Annunciator lights to indicate function selection V DC and V AC annunciators will both light when respective functions are simul taneously selected and the RMS Converter is installed 4 TRIGGER Push Buttons TRIGGER push buttons used to select continuous AUTO or indiv idual MANUAL EXTERNAL measurement triggers ITEM 8505A Table 2 1 Controls Indicators and Connectors cont NAME DESCRIPTION 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FUNCTION Push Buttons RANGE Push Buttons ZERO Push Button MEMORY Push Buttons Average Push Button Input Terminals Guard Selector Ohms Selector Rear Input Selector Current Ohms Fuse MODIFIERS Push Buttons Numeric Entry Push Buttons CONTROL Push Buttons Used to select any of six measurement functions voltage V DC V AC or V DC and V AC current A DC or A AC or resistance OHMS AUTO toggles into out of Autoranging mode changing range only when necessary
5. 2 91 Storing the displayed value as a scaling factor warrants a word of caution insure that the displayed value is the true original display by first toggling out of Scaling and Offset modes respective annunciators off No stored scaling or offset value is lost in this manner To store the desired display push STORE SCALING NOTE If the multimeter is in both Scaling and Offset modes the scaling value is applied before the offset value 2 92 EXTERNAL REFERENCE 2 93 Scaling and External Reference modes are mutually exclusive selection of either mode automatically disables the other The external reference value always measured as a de voltage is applied as an unswitched input through the rear input connector 2 94 Immediately after a power up or reset RECALL EXT REF can be used to verify the software version number The first subsequent use of EXT REF to activate 8505A External Reference mode disables this software identification feature When toggling into the mode the reference voltage is displayed as long as the EXT REF button is depressed The EXT annunciator is lighted when the mode is enabled 2 95 The applied External Reference voltage may bea maximum of 20V dc on either high or low input with respect to VOLTS INPUT LO The voltage between External Reference high and low may not exceed 40V de The minimum acceptable External Reference voltage is the greater of 100 uV ora value found with the following formu
6. 2 42 Measurement parameters range sample filter trigger averaging zero define all operations that affect the resolution stability and accuracy of the reading For example the range is specified to position the decimal point and the filter mode may be changed to improve noise rejection 2 43 Mathematic operations External Reference or Scaling Offset alter the reading to operator requirements For example when Offset is used only the difference between the reading and the offset value is displayed 2 44 Special operations limits peak specify how the reading is used For example Peak mode can be used to continuously update a record of the highest and lowest readings or Limits mode may be used for a HI LO PASS display of the measurement reading A comprehensive setup routine is summarized in Figure 2 3 All or part of this routine can be used to establish or change measurement parameters mathematic operations or special operations 8505A 2 45 Error codes usually identify any programming problem and specify a solution refer to Table 2 4 A numeric entry may be aborted at any time prior to termination by pushing the CE button The multimeter responds by displaying another numeric entry may now be made or the displayed value may be stored by pushing the desired terminator button A store or recall operation can be entirely aborted prior to execution by pressing STORE or RECALL a second time The multime
7. DC Volts V 100 mV R0 6 5 6 1V R1 e e 10V R2 By T 100V R3 er By 1000V R4 6 6 Ohms Z 10 ohms RO 6 6 400 ohms R1 6 e 1 kohm R2 6 6 10 kohms R3 6 BY 100 kohms R4 6 6 1 Mohm R5 6 BY 10 Mohms R6 6 6 100 Mohms R7 e BY DC Amps 1 100 pA RO 6 5 6 1 mA Rt 6 6 10 mA R2 6 6 100 mA R3 6 6 1A R4 BY 6 AC Amps 100 pA RO 5 5 8505A only 1 mA R1 6 6 10 mA R2 e 6 100 mA R3 6 6 1A R4 e BY AC Volts VA 1V R1 8 6 or 10V R2 6 6 AC DC C 100V R3 6 6 8505A only 1000V R4 6 6 2A 25 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming instructions 8505A 8506A cont ASCH DIGITS AVERAGING OR CALIBRATION MODE FUNCTION STANDARD MODE AC Volts 100 mV R0 6 5 VA VA1 VA2 300 mV R1 6 5 or AC DC 1V R2 6 C C1 G2 3V R3 6 8506A only 10V R4 6 30V R5 6 100V R6 6 500V R7 6 Resolution in binary mode is generally the same as in ASCII mode Differing resolution in binary mode is shown in parentheses SAMPLES PER READING COMMAND CHARACTERS Use of the sample commands is modified as follows 1 With the 8505A samples per reading can be set with command S followed by one or two digits 0 17 Digits greater than 17 cause a command string error 08 The H command can still be used but the muitimeter recognizes
8. From Continuous Line Synchronous To Single Reading Line Synchronous From Continuous Asynchronous To Single Reading Asynchronous Go To Local Lock Out Remote This character will command the instrument Options 06 or 07 only to enter local mode of operation and lock out the remote interface The Remote mode may then be reentered by pressing the front panel REMOTE switch for Option 06 07 The Remote mode may not be reentered from the front panel when using the IEEE 488 Interface Option 05 2A 4 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont r i Go To Local Lock Out Remote cont The state of the instrument when changing from remote to local operation will be modified as follows 1 Ohms fast mode will be ignored 2 Scaling mode will not be in effect 8500A only 3 If the high averaged samples per reading rate was in effect the samples per reading will be set to 2 8500A only The state of the instrument when changing from local to remote operation will be modified as follows 1 Ohms fast mode Z1 and continuous reading mode will be resumed if the DMM was in either mode when place into local 2 Any error that occurred during local operation will be stored and available for recall a High Speed Reading Mode The I character can be used with the Parallel Interface Option 07 and with the IEEE 488 Interface Option 05 in the 8502A only The High Speed Re
9. etc between K4 and G1 5 K 2 Store previous reading as scaling factor RECALL Recall DC Zero G0 The GO command recall dc zero and send on next trigger operates in the following fashion for either the 8505A or the 8506A 1 The multimeter can store separate dc zero values for each range If GO is used when dc volts function is selected the dc zero recalled is the value for the range selected If GO is used when any other functiorris selected the dc zero recalled is the value for the 100 mV range only 2 The multimeter can store both non volatile permanent and temporary de zero values Which values are recalled depends on the state of the Calibration mode at the time G0 is used When Calibration mode is on the zero values recalled are the permanent values which are stored in Calibration Memory When Calibration mode is off the zero values recalled are the temporary values which are stored in a separate temporary memory The temporary zero values are reset to 0 when the multimeter is powered up or reset Recall Status G1 The first two digits of the G1 response error codes are identified in two steps The first step involves a user programmed error message that is returned whenever an error condition has been generated This message is stored in an error response buffer and serves only as a flag that an error exists It does not identify the error An error message is programmed with the K3 command followed by any co
10. 2 3 STORE or blank FILTER AVG 3 eee ZERO ZERO V DC Q V DC Q Eee MATHEMATIC OPERATIONS Stop here if only a direct measurement reading is desired Further steps yield ratio deviation percentage variation STORE SCALING w E STORE numeric SCALING 0e gO SCALING SCALING ee Figure 2 3 Programming Hierarchy cont 8505A 9 EXTERNAL REFERENCE EXT REF EXT REF selection disables Scaling toggie Fark os on off 10 OFFSET selection a Store displayed vaiue STORE OFFSET enter Offset mode E C b Store numeric value STORE numeric OFFSET enter Offset mode 1 E C peg iE c Toggle into out of OFFSET OFFSET Offset mode while retaining value SPECIAL OPERATIONS Use the reading as modified by any math operations for comparison with set limits or record the reading maximum deviations 11 LIMITS selection a Store displayed value STORE Hi or LO enier Limits mode a E b Store numeric values STORE numeric Hi or LO enter Limits mode T C c Toggle into out of LIMITS LIMITS Limits mode while retaining values i 12 PEAK toggle into out PEAK PEAK of Peak mode Previous peak values are iost each ny time the mode is reentered Figure 2 3 Programming Hierarchy cont 2 46 Measurement Terminals and Controls 2 47 GUARDING 2 48 General 2 49 Guarding may be used to reduce noise and improve accuracy Common mode voltages resulting from currents and
11. 80 The Averaging mode can be used to improve display stability reduce rattle in all ranges and to increase display resolution in certain ranges Preset resolutions used for standard operation and for the Average mode are summarized in Table 2 5 2 81 RANGE 2 82 Ranges available in each function are summarized in Table 2 3 A power up or reset condition sets the multimeter in the 1000V range Autoranging disabled Each function selection enables Autoranging AUTO annunciator on In Autoranging the multimeter selects the range offering maximum resolution for the measured value The AUTO range push button toggles Autoranging mode on or off When toggling off no range change is effected Either of the up down push buttons select manual ranging and step up down one range when initially used Each subsequent use steps to the next higher lower range if available 2 83 V DC AND OHMS ZERO 2 84 In VDC or OHMS internal de drift may be corrected by zeroing If Calibration mode is off the values are stored in a temporary memory and do not affect Calibration Memory entries The value stored at a zero input level is used as a zero correction for the selected range and for all higher ranges in the same function Separate zero values for each range can thereby be stored by starting with the lowest range and working up Calibration Memory values are automatically loaded into the temporary memory when power up or reset occurs The Temporary me
12. External Reference Off Note 3 EXT REF off Off retains fast value EXT REF off Limits Off Value 0 Normal Display Off retains last value Normal Display Peak O PEAK off Off retains last values PEAK off Averaging Off AVG CAL not on steady Off 2 AVG CAL not on steady Zero On Cal ZERO on Retains mode values and ZERO on VDC OHMS Memory Values a pa state 4 or off f Calibration Mode ji Note 4 Note 4 Notes number with the actual external reference value on or off with this switch ON Calibration mode entries are applied to the reading as follows zero values used depend on the Calibration mode state 4 Re selection of the same function sets autoranging AUTO on but retains all other mode values and states 2 Disabling Average mode by changing to a new function sets filter mode FO and sample setting 7 if the same function is re selected the state of Average mode is not changed and the existing filter mode and sample setting are retained 3 The External Reference value is initialized to the multimeter software number whenever power up or reset occurs RECALL EXT REF can then be used to display this number Any subsequent activation of External Reference mode replaces the software 4 The Calibration mode state is on or off solely depandent on the position of the rear panel Calibration Switch Do not cycle power a Gain correction factors are always applied Calibration mode on or off b Zero
13. Input Maximum Shell to Ground Voltage SCAN ADVANCE OUTPUT Polarity High Level Low Level Pulse Width Connector _ Maximum Sheli to Ground Voltage For 2 to 27 samples per reading digitizing time is from 196 ms to9 minutes 6 seconds using a 60 Hz ac line with times increasing 20 using a 50 Hz ac line Selectable in 18 binary steps 1 00000 E 9 May be wired internally for either rising or falling edge Factory wired for falling edge 4 3V minimum 0 7V maximum 10 us minimum BNC with the outer shell at interface common 30V 30V Positive gt 4V TTL High lt 0 7V TTL Low 3 us minimum BNC with the outer shel at interface common 30V 43 18 cm 17 0 in S at S210 5 72 om 10 8 om 2 25 in 4 25 in ie o E 3 77 cm 1 27 cm 1 484 in 5 in pe 41 66 cm 16 4 in 46 23 cm 18 2 in Ly rae RIGHT SIDE VIEW Figure 1 1 Dimension Drawing 1 6 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 Installation and operation of the multimeter are explained in this section These instructions should be read thoroughly prior to multimeter operation Once a familiarization with the instrument is achieved parts of this section will serve as a quick reference Explanations and applications are provided for all standard functions and operations Should any difficulties arise contact
14. Triggers may also be applied locally from the front panel or remotely 2 72 Auto trigger commands a continuously updated reading The frequency of this updating is influenced by the number of samples per reading and by any extra processing time required by mathematic operations The SAMPLE annunciator flashes to indicate the triggering of a new reading 2 73 Local triggers can be manually commanded from the front panel The duration of each reading is determined in the same manner as the auto triggers samples mathematics Each use of the MANUAL EXTERNAL push button commands an immediate response from the multimeter any reading already in progress is aborted and a new reading begun During any manually triggered reading use of any other push button halts the multimeter a new trigger must then be entered Conversely between manually triggered readings the multimeter is inhibited no display update or SAMPLE annunciation is evident During this interval any measurement parameter mathematic operation or special operation may be entered but is not initiated until the next manual trigger is entered 2 74 External triggers are applied through the rear panel TRIGGER jack A local trigger manually applied from the front panel overrides a simultaneously applied external trigger 2 75 FILTERING 2 76 Two analog filters are available either one of these or filter bypass may be selected The slow filter provides better normal mo
15. and the buffer is reset to 00 If the error stil exists a new reading must be triggered to reload the error buffer and return the error message If another G1 command is sent before a new reading is triggered no error 00 is identified in the response b A valid reading is triggered The reading is returned and the buffer is reset to 00 The multimeter employs both momentary and latching errors A momentary error in the buffer can be cleared by sending the Gi command or by triggering a valid reading If the momentary error does not reoccur further multimeter operation is not impeded A latching error if not corrected does impede further multimeter operation by generating another error and returning the error message each time a reading is triggered Clearing the error buffer by sending G1 does not affect this impediment Latching errors include 12 13 14 15 19 and 24 A momentary error condition is illustrated in the following example Assume that 1V dc is applied to a multimeter configured for de volts The following sequence of commands is sent VRO KG1 R1 The first command VRO triggers an overrange causing the error message to be returned The second command KG1 attempts to store this overrange as an offset loads momentary error 11 into the error buffer and returns 11 the most recent error to be generated in the status response The third command R1 triggers and returns a valid reading and resets the error buffer to 00
16. command in the following command string terminated by a The character and the IEEE 488 Bus command Group Execute Trigger perform the same function COMMAND CHARACTERS Command characters are classified within the following five groups 1 FUNCTION 3 MODIFIERS 2 RANGE 4 CONTROL 5 MEMORY FUNCTION COMMAND CHARACTERS There are 7 function command characters Whenever one of these characters is used the state of the instrument will be changed as follows RANGE Auto MODIFIERS Offset Scaling Limits Peaks modes are turned off stored values for these modes are retained MEMORY CONTROL Unchanged If a function is selected requiring an optional module which is not loaded the function of the instrument will be undefined and the error code will be set to 19 DC Volts OW DC Coupled AC Volts i DC Current OO em 24 8 z Ohms Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont 8500 Series z G Fast Ohms The Z1 character will place the instrument into the ohms function and the fast ohms mode In normal ohms operation the unknown resistor value Rx is computed from the following measurements Vi V2 the voltage across an internal precision resistor Rr VO the voltage across the unknown resistor Rx The value of Rx is then computed with Ohm s Law vo Rx Rr VVZ Fast Ohms mode differs in that the value of atts is stored as a constant The instrument will
17. depressed 2 102 Exiting the Peak mode toggle PEAK once halts further peak recording but does not erase previously recorded high and low values A multimeter function change disables Peak mode and retains peak values At any time reentry into the Peak mode toggle Peak again 2 23 8505A erases previously recorded values Both Peak mode and peak values are lost during a Power Up or Reset condition 2 103 LIMITS 2 104 The Limits mode may be employed to display a pass fail indication of measurement values The mode is entered when a single high or low limit value is stored or when the LIMITS button is pushed A second store sequence must be used if both high and low limits are desired Either the normally displayed value or programmed numerics may be used for the limit values For example high and low limits of 12 05 and 11 95 would be programmed as follows STORE 2 0 5 HI STORE 1 9 5 LO In this example the multimeter enters the Limits mode when either the HI or LO button is first pushed Mode entry is verified by a display of HI LO or PASS In this case readings higher than 12 05 yield a HI display readings lower than 11 95 yield LO and all other readings yield PASS The limit value s are compared to the now transparent display reading with all other parameters and operations still in effect 2 105 A display reading can also be stored as a limit value Use the following sequence STORE HI or LO 2 10
18. digits are displayed on 10V dc range and 6 1 2 digits are displayed on all other functions and ranges A sign is displayed for all functions to facilitate potentiometer adjustment 6 Calibration correction factors for each range in V DC A DC OHMS and for VAC ranges ata frequency of interest and the calibration date may be stored 2 115 Hardware calibration is facilitated while in Calibration mode Enhanced resolution allows for more precise potentiometer adjustment during hardware calibration With no mathematic operations allowed the display represents the true input value 2 116 Troubleshooting is also aided by using the Calibration mode Latching errors can be disabled to allow special module configurations CAUTION Latching errors are intended for multimeter protection and must not be disabled during normal operation or calibration Refer to Troubleshooting in Section 4 2 117 USE 2 118 The multimeter uses three calibration controls the rear panel calibration switch and the front panel CAL DATE and CAL COR push buttons The rear panel calibration switch activates the Calibration mode and enables use of the CAL COR and CAL DATE push buttons Store operations with these two push buttons are used for software calibration and are explained in Appendix 7B Recall operations can be performed at any time and are explained in the following paragraphs 2 119 The CAL DATE push button can be used in all func
19. extra digit of resolution in several ranges as defined under RANGE COMMAND CHARACTERS The following commands are available As O Averaging mode enabled 2 O0 Average mode disabled Enabling of Average mode in the situations defined above sets the multimeter to sample S10 and filter F With Average mode enabled samples 11 S17 or filter F2 can also be selected Disabling of Average mode changes the sample and filter again and occurs under any of the following circumstances 1 Command 00 is sent Averaging mode is disabled The sample is set to S7 and the filter is set to FO 2 The function is changed The sample is set to S7 and the filter is set to FO If an ac volts function is initially selected with the 8506A only filter FO is set If a change is made between 8506A ac volts functions VA VAI VA2 C C1 C2 Averaging extended resolution is retained 3 A sample or filter not allowed in Average mode is commanded If SO S9 is commanded Average mode is disabled the new sample setting is accepted and the filter is set to FO If a filter other than F or F2 is selected Average mode is disabled the new filter is accepted and the sample is set to S7 With the 8506A set for any of the ac volts functions Average mode is not available However the Olor O0 command can still be used to enable or disable extended resolution as defined under RANGE COMMAND CHARACTERS in this situation only the sampie and filter restrictions defined by
20. in manual change to auto C AUTO b If in AUTO change to manual MANUAL EXTERNAL c Manual triggers C MANUAL MANUAL EXTERNAL EXTERNAL RANGE selection a Toggle into out of autoranging C AUTO AUTO b Select manual ae ranging step to next higher lower 4 i range c Continue stepping to C C available higher lower ranges 4 A Reading Rate Selection a Toggle between sample SAMPLE SAMPLE settings 5 2 exp 5 32 and 7 2 exp7 _ 128 b Select any sample STORE 0 17 SAMPLE setting from 0 2 exp C k C 0 1 to 17 2 exp 17 1 131 072 toe 2 16 Figure 2 3 Programming Hierarchy cont 5 FILTER selection a Toggle between filter F slow and FO fast b Select filter F FO F1 F2 or F3 6 Averaging toggle on off presets filter sample 7 V DC OHMS Zero toggle on off V DC or OHMS only New zero stored each time mode is enabled Refer to text for use with Calibration mode and other special readings a Store displayed value enter Scaling mode b Store numeric value non zero enter Scaling mode c Toggle into out of Scaling mode while retaining value ee eee en EA Refer to Applications in this Section for examples Scaling or External Reference is applied first The result of this operation is then offset 8 SCALING selection disables External Reference 8505A FILTER FILTER 0 1
21. in two wire or four wire arrangements 1 5 Modular Construction 1 6 Considerable versatility is realized through unique contruction All active components are contained in modules which plug into a mainframe motherboard This module motherboard mating combined with bus architecture and microprocessor control yields both ease of option selection and reduced downtime NOTE The A3 Isolator PCB is standard in the 8505A This assembly is documented in Section 6 of this manual as Option 08A 1 7 Microprocessor Control 1 8 All modules function under direct control of a microprocessor based controller Each module is addressed by the controller as virtual memory External reference values and offsets can be applied separately stored in memory and automatically used as factors in all subsequent readings Digital filtering utilizes averaged samples for each reading 1 9 Software Calibration 1 10 The 8505A features microprocessor controlled calibration of all ranges and functions Any range can be calibrated using a reference input of any known value from 60 of range to full scale Software calibration can be performed using front panel or remote control allowing recertification without opening the case or removing the multimeter from the system 1 11 Recirculating Remainder A D Conversion 1 12 The multimeter adapts Fluke s patented recirculating remainder R A D conversion technique to microprocessor control This combin
22. is used to toggle between the 8 bit and the 16 bit mode When this character is used to toggle from one mode to another the immmediate and or termination character must be placed in the least significant byte LSB of the programming word 2A 6 8500 Series Tabie 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont TERMINATION CHARACTERS Termination characters cause the execution of a command string They are normally placed at the end of each programming statement Clear the Command String 6 C Execute the Command String Execute the Command String and Trigger Execute Trigger and Interrupt when Ready Normally used only with the Bit Serial Interface 06 Option This character is used to erase an incorrect programming entry from the command string buffer deleting all characters issued back to but not including the preceding termination character A new command string is then needed to modify the state of the instrument This character is used to cause the execution of the previous command string The instrument will then be in the defined state only the character will nottrigger a reading or produce a response from the instrument When programming a string of characters it is recommended that the execute character be used at frequent intervals if an error is made the string need then be cleared only back to the last execute character This execute character is also required if a command string longer than 3
23. line asynchronous modes are selected the display will be turned off to save time the front panel switches are then ignored When in the continuous mode any character except HALT will be ignored by the instrument 8502A When in the Single Reading mode TO or T2 and IEEE Group Execute Trigger command a or character or a TTL trigger for the 8502A 08A must be sent for each reading With the Continuous Reading mode T or T1 use of the GET command or a TTL trigger will start continuous readings 2A 11 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming instructions cont When each reading is accepted by the instrument controller the next reading wiil be started An exception to this sequence occurs in the J1 Suppress Output mode the next reading will now be taken immediately without waiting for the output to the controller NOTE The front panel display does not update in this mode unless the controller asks for a reading Use of the character will halt the Continuous Reading mode and cycle the unit back to the Single Reading mode OFFSET COMMAND CHARACTERS The P command characters specify whether an offset will be subtracted from a reading The offset value may be entered by storing either a previous reading or a numerically entered offset When storing readings the 8500A will store the unprocessed reading and the 8502A will store the displayed value
24. mutually exclusive For the 8502A limit and peak values can be held in memory simultaneously NOTE Limits are applied after all other modifier operations Scaling Offset etc have been performed CONTROL COMMAND CHARACTERS Output Format The B characters activate binary or ASCII output format Single Byte Binary Format e Single Byte ASCII Format bd B1 B2 used with Parailed ASCII Interface Option 07 only e G 16 Bit Parallel y The front panel DMM display is turned on when the ASCI mode is entered and off when the binary mode is entered Binary 16 Bit Paraliet The Binary Output Format The binary output format consists of five bytes The first four bytes comprise a 32 bit binary two s complement fixed point number An implied binary point for this number is located between the first and second bytes The first 8 bit byte thus serves as the integer portion The 24 bits of the next 3 bytes serve as the binary fraction Additionally since this format cannot be used to hold the entire range of possible values for the DMM a fifth byte is used as an exponent This exponent is a two s complement binary number representing the decimal exponent of the binary fixed point number defined by the first 4 bytes An exception occurs in Limits testing the response will then be single byte binary two s complement number 16 Bit Format Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 Byte 5 Format yte y9 y es y wy 1 2 3 4 5
25. only However when Average mode is enabled filter F is initially selected and can only be changed to F2 or re selected Any other filter selection FO F1 or F3 while accepted by the multimeter sets the Average mode disabled and the sample at S7 When the 8506A is in an ac volts function only filter FO set at new function selection or F subsequently selected for inputs less than 40 Hz is allowed TRIGGER COMMAND CHARACTERS When the multimeter 8505A or 8506A is in a continuous trigger mode T or T1 the reset command causes a normal multimeter reset All other commands are buffered and examined only when the halt command is sent 24 26 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming instructions 8505A 8506A cont With any trigger mode no command string is examined until the existing reading or recalled value is returned Any reading or recall value commanded but not yet returned can be discarded by sending the halt command If a continuous trigger mode T or T1 is in effect when is sent the multimeter configuration is changed to single trigger mode TO or T2 and any buffered commands with a terminating character are executed AVERAGING COMMAND CHARACTERS With the 8505A all functions and the 8506A dc volts ohms dc amps only the O character is used to commanda preset sample and filter combination for each function and range to optimize accuracy and stability Averaging also provides an
26. only one following digit 0 9 corresponding to S8 through S17 respectively 2 With the 8506A dc volts ohms dc amps only samples per reading can be commanded in the manner described above 3 With the 8506A set for ac volts no sample changes are allowed Therefore commands S0 through 17 or HO through H9 cannot be used for sample settings when the 8506A is set for ac volts normal enhanced or high accuracy However the first three commands SO S1 2 are used when commanding ac volts functions as follows a SO commands ac volts normal When initially commanding an ac volts function only VA for ac coupling or C for dc coupling need be used When the multimeter is already set for either of the other two ac volts functions ac volts normal can be selected by using SO only b S1 commands ac volts enhanced When initially commanding an ac volts function VA1 for ac coupling or C1 for dc coupling must be used when the multimeter is already set for either of the other two ac volts functions ac volts enhanced can be selected by using S1 only c S2commands ac volts high accuracy When initially commanding an ac volts function VA2 for ac coupling or C2 for dc coupling must be used when the multimeter is already set for either of the other two ac volts functions ac volts high accuracy can be selected by using S2 only FILTER COMMAND CHARACTERS Any filter command is acceptable for the 8505A or the 8506A in V Z or
27. or LO gt 10 000 MQ relative to Ohms Guard or External Reference HI or LO relative to Ohms Guard or Sense LO lt 5 Resistive Unbalance External Reference HI to LO lt 4 kQ Total Resistance to Sense LO from either External Reference Hi or LO lt 20 kQ 180V dc or peak ac relative to Ohms Guard or Sense LO 360V dc or peak ac External Reference HI to LO INPUT TERMINALS NORMAL MODE COMMON MODE l Sense Same as de volts Same as dc volts External line frequency and line frequency and Reference 2x line frequency 2x line frequency gt 100 dB gt 75 dB RESPONSE TIME Analog Settling Time FILTER MODE FILTER TO 0 01 OF TO 0 001 OF COMMAND STEP CHANGE STEP CHANGE Bypassed F1 2 ms 20 ms Fast FO or F3 40 ms 50 ms Slow F or F2 400 ms 500 ms NOTES DC Ratio A 10V dc range accuracy for the appropriate period of time B Input signal function and range accuracy for the appropriate period of time Venues Varet Ohms Guard is available through the rear input Minimum allowable External Reference Voltage 0 0001V or Vinput 10 whichever is greater Absolute value of the External Reference Voltage 1 5 8505A Table 1 3 Specifications cont oe RATIO cont Operating Characteristics cont Digitizing Time MAXIMUM RATIO DISPLAY EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT PA oreu owl aa iY High Level Low Level Pulse Width Connector Maximum
28. states are assumed at power on or Reset Remote Local Local Offset Zeroed V de Zero zeroed or Ohms Zero Zeroed or Cal Memory Factors x Peak Values Cleared Limits Values Zeroed Ext Ref Scaling Values 1 8 16 Bit Mode 07 Option only 8 Bit Retained if Cal Memory Option 04 installed 2A 2 8500 Series Tabie 24 1 Programming Instructions cont PROGRAM SEQUENCE When equipped with a remote interface option the instrument is programmed through a sequence of commands command string that will determine range function reading rate etc Examples of 5 possible command strings are t O22 OG ei trigger and transmit Slow filter no time out 25 samples reading 10 volt range AC voltage 2 eee 2 a Execute trigger and transmit Echo characters Turn display off Continuous line synchronized readings 3 2000000 aE Upper limit MOORE OO Execute Enter limits mode Lower limit 3 Cl a 9 o Clears command string to preceeding 2 or 25 samples reading Execute Auto range Ohms Execute trigger and transmit Get status and transmit on trigger Halt reading a 2A 3 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont Ail command string characters transmitted via the remote interface must be ASCII 7 bit upper case characters A command string is a sequence of 1 to 31 characters For the 850
29. the 8506A ac voits functions are applicable No sample change can be made Only filter FO or F for input signals less than 40 Hz can be selected if a sample change is attempted or an unailowed filter is commanded a momentary error is set and extended resolution is retained Extended resolution in 8506A ac volts functions is disabled if the O0 command is sent if a change is made between ac volts functions extended resolution is retained with the existing filter mode If dc volts ohms or dc amps is selected extended resolution Average mode is disabled the filter is not changed and the sample is set to 7 Whenever the O character is used 8505A or 8506A any function the multimeter responds with the following output format BINARY OUTPUT FORMAT 16 Bit Format B1 8 Bit Format B BYTES BYTE 4 Example 00000011 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000 0001 Implied Binary Point Sign Bit Exponent Sign Bit 3 5 X 10 EXP 1 2A 27 amp 505A 8506A Table 24 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8506A cont rm ASCII OUTPUT FORMAT Digits 4 5 6 7 8 Eere aa a Se al Digits 1 2 3 and E dp i decimal point Digit 8 is used only on the 10V dc range to yield 7 digit resolution On all other ranges and functions 6 digit resolution is used and digit 8 is set to 0 OFFSET COMMAND CHARACTERS When storing the previous reading as an offset both the 8505A and the 8506A use the displayed value
30. this interface 2 110 The LCL RMT push button may be used to toggle into out of remote control when either the 06 Bit Serial or the 07 Parallel Interface is installed Whenever the multimeter is in remote control whether commanded locally or from the remote the REMOTE annunciator is lighted 2 111 When in remote only the POWER push button remains operational at all times The LCL RMT push button may remain operational but is disabled by a local lockout or display off command from the remote refer to Section 6 A power interruption returns the multimeter to local control 2 112 Calibration Mode 2 113 DESCRIPTION 2 114 The rear panel calibration switch is used to enable or disable the Calibration mode remove calibration seal for access The AVG CAL annunciator flashes when the Calibration mode is enabled or is lit steadily when the Averaging mode is enabled Regular multimeter operation is significantly altered while in the Calibration mode 1 Power must not be cycled on or off when the Calibration mode is activated rear panel Calibration Switch on 2 Overrange conditions no longer cause a special flashing HHHHHH indication 3 Averaging mode is locked out the Calibration and Averaging modes are mutually exclusive However pushing the AVG button when Calibration mode is on does enable or disable latching error indications 4 All mathematic operations and special operations are disabled 5 7 1 2
31. values are applied whenever Zero mode is on or off Calibration mode on or off VDC or OHMS selected However the Modes Zero applied 7 Cal mode on zero off Cal mode on zero on Cal mode off zero off Cal mode off zero on Nothing Permanent Zero Permanent Zero Permanent Zero and Temporary Zero _ 2 5 8505A the V DC and V AC push buttons are pressed simultan eously and the RMS AC Converter module is installed 2 28 Status annunciators light to signify various modes of operation Annunciators as defined in parentheses light when any of the following modes are enabled Peak PEAK Scaling SCALE or External Reference EXT Averaging AVG CAL Offset OFFSET Autoranging AUTO or V DC Ohms Zero ZERO The FILTER annunciator lights steadily whenever the slow filter is selected The SAMPLE annunciator flashes at the reading display update rate for sample settings from 0 through 7 The flash rate for setting 0 1 or 2 is very rapid SAMPLE appears steadily on For sample settings from 8 through 17 the SAMPLE annunciator flashes at the sample setting 7 rate only Since these higher sample settings may require considerable time for a display update this feature is necessary to insure that the operator is aware of a reading in progress With a distinctive display of HI LO or PASS the Limits mode requires no separate status annunciator 2 29 OVERRANGE INDICATION 2 30 The measur
32. voltage drops between two points otherwise electrically common may cause significant errors Proper use of a floating guarded multimeter minimizes these errors 2 50 Generally guarding should be employed where long signal leads are used when signal source impedance is high when making measurements near high level radiated noise particularly at the power line frequency or when making floating measurements NOTE Errors due to thermal emfs should be considered when making low level high resolution measurements Thermal emfs voltages produced by temperature differences between contacts of two dissimilar metals or by temperature gradients along a length of material may cause differences of several microvolts The use of low emf shielded cables with copper spade lugs is recommended to minimize thermal emf errors 2 51 Guard Selector 2 52 Correct use of the multimeter GUARD terminal both protects the instrument and provides more accurate readings The EXT GD IN selector when disengaged out enables the internal guard connection In many cases accurate measurements may be made with the selector in this position shown as A in Figure 2 4 Here the difference in potential between multimeter ground and device ground is very small or the measurement is not critical When pushed in the selector disables the internal guard connection and allows for external guard connections as shown in B and C of Figure 2 4 The connection s
33. wire resistance measurements are being made The Ohms Selector has no control of the rear inputs a four wire configuration is reset ss 2 61 REAR INPUT SELECTOR 2 62 When pushed in the Rear Input Selector disconnects the front panel inputs and connects the rear input connector The Ohms Selector and Guard Selector have no effect when rear inputs are enabled The state of the Rear Input Selector can be sensed remotely through any of the remote interface options 2 63 Function 2 64 Selection of a new function automatically cancels any previously selected function and places the multimeter in the function change configuration H the same function is successively selected the multimeter assumes the Autoranging mode but retains all other modes and values existing prior to the reselection A valid new function selection is verified when the appropriate display annunciator s lights V DC VAC ADC AAC OHMS or V DC V AC An invalid function selection occurs whenever the necessary analog measurement module is not installed or is faulty either ERROR 9 or ERROR 3 appears in the display in such cases Once an invalid function has been selected the multimeter ignores all other push buttons until a valid function is selected 2 65 Measurement Parameters 2 66 SAMPLING 2 67 The multimeter averages a number of samples for each reading display update Noise rejection is influenced by the number of samples per reading and by t
34. your nearest Fluke Sales Representative listed in Section 7 or the John Fluke Mfg Co Inc P O Box C9090 Everett WA 98206 tel 206 342 6300 2 3 SHIPPING INFORMATION 2 4 The multimeter is packaged and shipped ina foam packed container Upon receipt of the instrument a thorough inspection should be made to reveal any possible shipping damage Special instructions for inspection and claims are included with the shipping container 2 5 If reshipment is necessary the original container should be used If the original container is not available a new container can be obtained from John Fluke Mfg Co Inc Please reference the instrument model number when requesting a new shipping container 2 6 INSTALLATION 2 7 Non marring feet and a tilt down bail arrangement are installed on the instrument for field or bench use A rack mounting kit and rack slides are available for use with the standard 19 inch equipment racks Information regarding installation and rack mounting accessories is contained in Section 6 2 8 The multimeter operates from 100 120 220 or 240V ac 10 at 50 or 60 Hz Line voltage selection must be verified before the power cord is connected This verification procedure is explained in Section 4 8505A Section 2 Operating Instructions WARNING TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK PRO PERLY GROUND THE CHASSIS AGROUND CONNECTION IS PROVIDED ON THE THREE PRONG POWER CONNECTOR IF PROPER GROUND IN YO
35. 1 characters is used This character will cause three actions any previously entered command string will be executed a reading will be taken and that reading will be transmitted through the remote interface if a command string was not entered immediately preceding this character the instrument will take and transmit a reading in the last defined state An exception occurs when a command string containing a Get command has been entered the instrument will then respond with the value or status that was requested by the command string no reading will be triggered When issuing a program string terminated by the character the CR and or LF delimiter characters should be but do not have to be suppressed If an error occurs during the reading a single 0 followed by a CR will be transmitted At this point status should be requested to determine the cause of the error This character is used to trigger a reading and generate an interrupt when the reading is complete 2A 7 8500 Series Table 24 1 Programming Instructions cont e Execute Trigger and Interrupt To provide the interrupt the Bit Serial Interface when Ready cont Option 06 and the Parallel interface Option 07 transmit a single CR The IEEE 488 Interface Option 05 provides an interrupt by generating a service request SRQ The reading triggered by the character can be obtained by inserting a G get
36. 2 8 8505A OHMS AUTO C MANUAL EXTERNAL L AUTO e Select the OHMS function to make resistance measurements OHMS annunciator lights The 02A Ohms Converter must be installed Eight resistance ranges are available 100 MQ 10 MQ 1 MQ 100kQ 10 kA 1 kM 1000 and 100 NOTE Either two wire or four wire resistance measurements can be made Refer to Measurement Terminals and Controls TRIGGER er D MANUAL AUTO EXTERNAL The AUTO trigger push button selects the Auto Trigger mode A flashing SAMPLE annunciator verifies Auto Trigger operation Initial use of the MANUAL EXTERNAL push button disables the Auto Trigger mode SAMPLE annunciator stops flashing enables the front panel Manual Triggering mode and arms the External Triggering mode Each succeeding use of the MANUAL EXTERNAL push button triggers a new measurement any reading already in progress is aborted and the new reading begun immediately The SAMPLE annunciator verifies that a measurement has been triggered by flashing once or several times if the sample per reading setting is greater than 7 2 exponent 7 128 samples An external trigger applied through the rear panel external trigger jack similarly commands a new reading An externaltrigger applied simultaneously with a front panel manual trigger will be ignored AUTO must be pushed to reenter the Auto Triggering mode RANGE OD o AUTO AUTO RANGE to
37. 505A or the 85064 However the zero value is stored in the following new fashion 1 If Calibration mode is on G5 response 1 any zero value entered with the KO or Ki command is stored directly in the Calibration Memory and retained until a new value is stored during Calibration mode on Software calibration uses this procedure and is fully described in Appendix 7B 2 If Calibration mode is off G5 response 0 any zero value entered with the KO or K1 command is stored ina separate temporary memory These values do not affect the values stored in Calibratio Memory The temporary zero values are retained and applied to subsequent readings until the multimeter is powered offor reset The temporary zero values are all reset to 0 at power up or reset 3 Whenever the KO or K1 command is used Calibration mode on or off a separate zero value can be stored for each range a If Calibration mode is on the zero value is stored for the range selected without affecting the value for any other range b If Calibration mode is off any zero value stored is applied to the existing range and all higher ranges in the same function Therefore separate values for each range can be entered by using KO or K1 sequentially for each range from lowest to highest The following additional store commands are available for the 8505A or the 8506A 1 K N G Keep gain correction on this range This command is used when storing calibration gain correcti
38. 5A and 8506A a command string may have up to 59 characters Characters are classified as immediate command or termination The instrument may be placed in Remote mode by transmitting any character that the instrument will recognize from the remote controlling terminal With the IEEE Interface installed the REMOTE switch can only be used to select local mode if already in Remote REMOTE is the only front panel switch to remain active when in REMOTE mode REMOTE may however be locked out by the local lockout command IMMEDIATE CHARACTERS There are 5 immediate characters each of these may be executed at any time and does not require a termination character Reset This immediate character will reset the instrument to the conditions described under INITIALIZATION When transmitted the reset character must not be followed by any other character for 3 seconds with the 8502A 2 seconds with the 8500A Any carriage return or line feed following the reset character must be suppressed The remote interface will be unable to accept programming characters during this time Hait The halt character is used to terminate the continuous mode and cause the instrument to wait for a command string No other characters should precede the halt character if continuous mode is in effect Upon receipt of the halt character the transmission of readings is terminated immediately The following trigger mode transitions will occur when halt is used
39. 6 Use of Limits mode does not interrupt other uses of the multimeter No measurement parameter or mathematic operation is changed The other special operation Peak may be used simultaneously with Limits mode Any of the measurement parameters or operations may be enabled changed or recalled while in the Limits mode the display responds in the normal fashion during this process and automatically reverts to limits indications once the process is complete Limits values may be recalled at any time Limits mode enabled or disabled The recall sequence does not change the state of the Limits mode The following recall sequence is used RECALL HI LIMITS RECALL LO LIMITS The recalled value is latched in the display as long as the LIMITS button is held depressed 2 107 Pushing the LIMITS button toggles the multimeter into or out of the Limits mode whether or not limits values have been entered A function change disables the Limits mode but retains any existing limit values Once stored limits values are retained during all but Power Up and Reset sequences 2 24 2 108 Remote Control 2 109 The multimeter may be equipped with any of three remote interface modules These modules are fully explained in Section 6 When the 05 IEEE Interface is installed the front panel LCL RMT push button can be used to enable local control but cannot be used to enable remote control Remote control can only be commanded from the remote location with
40. 6 are available for displayed readings Additional exponents of 9 and 9 are available for offset and scaling numeric entries 2 25 When the Averaging mode is selected the exponent may serve as an additional digit of resolution When the Limits mode is selected the entire measurement display is devoted to an indication of HI LO or PASS 2 26 ANNUNCIATORS 2 27 Any valid function selection causvs one of the function annunciators V DC V DC A DC A AC OHMS to light The V DC annunciator normally lights in the power up or reset configuration However if the DC Signal Conditioner module is faulty or not installed and a functional RMS Converter module is installed power up or reset causes the V AC annunciator to light Two function annunciators V DC and V AC light when Table 2 2 Default Configurations pore nen a POWER UP OR RESET SELECTION OF NEW FUNCTION 1 CONDITION DISPLAY CONDITION DISPLAY Function DC Volts VDC on New Function VDC VAC ADC AAC L or OHMS on Range 1000V Manual AUTO off Autoranging AUTO on Trigger Auto SAMPLE flashes Retains Previous Trigger Mode SAMPLE flashing or off Fiker FO FILTER off Retains Previous Filter Mode 2 FILTER on or off Sampie SAT SAMPLE flashes Retains Previous SAMPLE flashes i K Sample Setting 2 Offset Off Value 0 OFFSET off Off retains value OFFSET off Scaling we Off Value 7 SCALE off Off retains value SCALE off
41. 8505A Digital Multimeter Instruction Manual P N 638841 FLUKE MARCH 1983 REV 1 3 86 amA 2 81986 John Fluke Mfg Co inc Ail Rights Reserved Litho in U S A RTS Ph 8505A Section 1 Introduction amp Specifications 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 This eight section manual provides comprehensive information for installing operating and maintaining your Fluke digital multimeter Complete descriptions and instructions are included for the instrument mainframe for all modules necessary in making de volts measurements and for any optional modules ordered with the instrument Appropriate sectionalized information is also included with any optional modules subsequently ordered and may be inserted in Section 6 1 3 DESCRIPTION 14 The multimeter features 6 1 2 digit resolution full annunciation and simplicity of operation Modular construction microprocessor control and a bus structure provide excellent flexibility Memory programming from the front panel or through a remote interface controls all measurement parameters mathematic operations and special operations An averaging mode is available to automatically optimize display resolution and stability for each function and range The standard hardware configuration allows for measurement of dc volts in five ranges with 100 nV resolution on the lowest range Optional modules are available for ac volts four ranges ac or dc current five ranges and resistance eight ranges
42. A 100 1V de 1V ac 1 mA 100Q 10V de 10V ac 10 MA 1kQ 100V de 100V ac 100 mA 10 kQ 1000V dc 1000V ac 1A 100 kQ 1MQ 10 MQ 100 MQ eR mie The fourth status response character contains sample information identified by the following codes 1 Sampie per Reading 2 Samples per Reading 4 Samples per Reading 8 Samples per Reading 16 Samples per Reading 32 Samples per Reading 64 Samples per Reading 128 Samples per Reading or Greater Ts Function Codes The fifth response character identifies function DC Volts AC Volts DC Amps AC Amps Ohms DC Coupled AC Volts Function Not Defined 2A 20 Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont 8500 Series CoG JG 1000 ooo OW 000 Recali Offset and Send on Next Trigger Recall External Ref or Scaling Factor and Send on Next Trigger 8500A Recall Scaling Factor 8502A Recall External Reference Factor and Send on Next Trigger 8502A Recall Upper and Send on Next Trigger Recall Lower Limit and Send on Next Trigger NOTE The instrument will replay to GNU or GNL by transmitting the stored limit value Recall Lowest Peak Value Found and Send on Next Trigger Recail Highest Peak Value Found and Send on Next Trigger 2A 2 8505A 8506A Table 24 2 Programming Instructions 505A 8506A tne following discussion relates remote operation features available with the 8505A and the 8506A to existi
43. NGE UNDERRANGE DIGITS 1 10 100 1k VDC 100 mV 3 200 mV _ 1 6 1v 2V AEN 6 10V 20V 1 7V 6 100V 128V 12V 6 1000V 1200V j 120V 62 __ VAC 1v 2 5V 5 2 10V 20V 1 875V 5 100V 160V 15V 52 ae 1000V 1000V J 120V 5 2 100 pA 6 312 5 uA 5 1 mA 3 2 5 mA 234 pA 5 AAC 10 MA 3 20 MA 1 875 mA 5 100 mA 3 160 mA 15 mA 5 1A 1 28 mA 120 mA 5 ADC 100 yA 6 250 uA _ 5 1 mA 3 2 mA 187 pA 5 10 mA 3 16 mA 1 5 MA 5 100 mA 3 128 mA 12 MA 5 1A 4 1 284 124 mA 5 OHMS 10 20N 5 100 2009 180 5 1K 3 2kQ 1809 6 10K 3 25 KQ 1 8 KQ 6 100k 3 250 kQ 18 KQ 6 iM 6 4 1 MO 180 kQ 5 10M 6 35 MQ 1 8 MQ 5 2 100M 6 265 MQ 18 MO 5 2 s 2 6 8505A Table 2 4 Error Codes CODE Error 0 Error 1 Error 6 Error 7 Error 8 Error b Error Error d Error F Error H MOMENTARY ERROR CONDITIONS The reading in progress is aborted but multimeter operation is automatically restored with the next trigger The function annunciator remains on during a momentary error condition FAULT V DC Ohm Zero zero attempted in wrong function not V DC or OHMS or an overrange has been entered Store attempted during overload condition Display overflow error External Reference error voltage on one input exceeds 20V dc Controlier module is faulty lilegai push button sequence in Calibration mode Invalid push button sequence or illegal value entered Calibration Memory fa
44. Reading 4 3s 2 2 048 Sampies Reading 8 58 22 4 096 Samples Reading 17 13 2 8 192 Sampies Reading 34 18 2 16 384 Samples Reading 68 38 2 5 32 768 Samples Reading 137s 2 8 65 536 Samples Reading 273s 2 131 072 Sampies Reading 546s eseceeceaegoococoo0s SceceeoceceqaccsecEs 2A 10 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructlons cont FILTER COMMAND CHARACTERS The F character is used to specify the type of filtering and the enabling of a time out for the filter settling time This time out causes a delay between a trigger command received and the actual reading taken In the continuous trigger modes the time out will occur before each reading is initiated The following F modifier command characters are used Slow filter time out disabled Fast filter time out disabled B B Siow filter time out enabled approximately 500 ms Fast filter time out enabled approximately 50 ms TRIGGER COMMAND CHARACTERS The T characters specify the instrument s trigger mode These characters determine whether samples taken sare line synchronous every 4 or 5 ms or line asynchronous approximately every 1 7 ms whether single or continuous readings are to be taken Continuous reading mode line synchronized Single reading mode line synchronized Continuous reading mode line asynchronous Single reading mode line asynchronous Gee NOTE When
45. Sign Bit Exponent Sign Bit ae fecal ae an pene 0000 0011 1000 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 L implied binary point NS pres pou 3 5 X 10 ee ih 35 0 2A 14 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont NOTE In dc volts and ac volts the exponent is always 1 In de and ac current the exponent is always 2 The exponent is range dependent in ohms function 1 for ohm ranges 4 for kohm ranges and 7 for Mohm ranges Errors will be indicated by 5 bytes of 0 ASCH Data Output Format Digits 4 5 6 7 CR ei al l 1 2 3 e s e 7 e e fof fz u rare eres i Digit 1 2 3 E Exp LF and decimal point The seventh digit in the ASCII format corresponds to the Cal or HIRES digit of the front panel display In some ranges and functions e g 100 mV dc this digit is permanently zeroed since it exceeds the resolution of the instrument When in the Cal or HIRES mode the front panel will display the value of the reading rounded to six significant digits DISPLAY CONTROL The D command characters turn the DMM front panel display on or off e Display Off e Dispiay On When the DO command is used the instrument will no longer interrogate any of the front panel switches local lockout The display will be turned On when the ASCII output format is commanded LOCAL LOCKOUT CONTROL The L command characters se
46. The up down buttons exit Autoranging and increase decrease one range with first use step up down one range with each additional use Used to toggle into out of the Zero made V DC or OHMS only A new zero value is stored each time the mode is entered This value is applied to the selected range and to all higher ranges within the same function Also used to recall zero values Refer to text for use with Calibration Memory STORE is used to initiate memory entry for displayed values or numeric entries RECALL commands display of a memory value Hi and LO are used when storing or recalling limits or when recalling peak values AVG toggles into out of Averaging mode Measurement connection terminals GUARD is connected to SENSE LO when disengaged out GUARD is floated to allow external connection when engaged in Push in for 4 wire ohms measurement using OHMS SENSE HI LO and OHMS SOURCE HI LO terminals Push again to disengage for 2 wire ohms measurements using OHMS SENSE HI LO terminals Push in to connect rear analog input terminals and disconnect front terminals Push again to disengage reconnecting front terminais and disconnecting rear terminals Position of the switch can be sensed remotely Use AGC 1 5A SAMPLE and FILTER modify the manner in which a reading is taken measurement parameters EXT REF OFFSET and SCALING modify the reading value mathematic operations LIMITS and PEAK modify the usage of the
47. UR POWER SYSTEM IS IN DOUBT MAKE A SEPARATE GROUND CONNECTION TO THE REAR PANEL CHASSIS BINDING POST OTHERWISE THE POSSIBILITY OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK MAY EXIST IF HIGH VOLTAGE IS MEASURED WITH THE LEADS REVERSED INPUT Hi GROUNDED 2 9 OPERATING FEATURES 2 10 Front and rear panel features are illustrated in Figure 2 1 and described in Table 2 1 Use this information for initial familiarization with the multimeter A full explanation of all features is presented later in this section 2 11 OPERATING NOTES 2 12 Input Power 2 13 A binding post on the rear panel has been provided as an earth ground connection Line voltage selection 100 120 220 or 240V ac is explained in Section 4 With the exception of proportionately slower reading rates and filter time outs operation at 50 Hz is identical to that at 60 Hz 2 14 The line fuse 0 5A MDL Slow Blow for 100 or 120V ac or 0 25 MDL Slow Blow for 220 or 240V ac is located on the lower right side of the rear panel in the heat sink The current and ohms protection fuse 1 5A AGC is located in the lower right hand corner of the front panel for front input connections and on the left side of the rear panel as seen from the rear for rear input connections Refer to Fuse Replacement in Section 4 before replacing any fuse 2 1 8505A 1 2 3 4 5 Bird 8 9 10 11 SDE tance 27 26 25 24 23 22 Figure 2 1 Controls Indicators and Connectors
48. actual measurement is desired as the scaling value To cancel any of these modes toggle SCALING EXT REF or OFFSET and verify that the respective annunciators are dark 1 Use the following sequence to store the display as a scaling factor STORE SCALING 2 Numeric entry scaling factors must be programmed using the following procedure STORE numerics SCALING With either method the Scaling mode is entered with the initial use of the SCALING button The CAL COR push button is used when storing calibration factors for each function and range or when recalling uncorrected readings Refer to Calibration Mode tater in this section ZERO MEMORY VOC STORE RECALL O AVG HI LO a STORE is used as a first step in programming certain measurement parameters mathematic operations or special operations STORE is the only push button that can activate the numeric entry keys The multimeter prompts the second step by displaying 2 Following is a list of STORE operations Measurement Parameters 0 17 SAMPLE STORE 0 1 2 3 or FILTER blank Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons cont 8505A Mathematic Operations To siore the displayed value as an offset or scaling value and enter the respective mode OFFSET STORE l SCALING To store a numeric entry as an offset or scaling value and enter the respective mode OFFSET STORE numerics SCALING Special Operations To store the displayed value as a hi
49. acy DC Coupled NOTE AC volts function commands used with the 8502A AT are compatible with the 8506A However the six function commands mentioned above allow for faster direct entry into the desired 8506A ac volts mode If the 8506A is already in an ac volts function an abbreviated command can be used when selecting either of the other two ac volts functions When selecting between ac or de coupling for ac volts the full command string mentioned above must be used The abbreviated commands are as follows 1 0 V AC Normal 2 1 V AC Enhanced 3 2 V AC High Accuracy i 2A 24 Table 2A 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8506A cont RANGE COMMAND CHARACTERS 8505A 8506A The nine range commands used with the 8505A or 8506A specify the full scale values by function as follows DC VOLTS AC VOLTS AC VOLTS DC AMPS AC AMPS OHMS v i IA Z or Z1 8505A 8506A 8505A Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto 200 mV Auto 125 mV 250 pA 312 5 yA 20 ohms 2V 2 5V 400 mV 2 0 mA 2 5 mA 200 ohms 20V 20V 1 25V 16 mA 20 mA 2 kohms 128V 160V 4V 128 mA 160 mA 20 kohms 1200V 1000V 12 5V 1 28A 1 284 200 kohms Auto Auto 40V Auto Auto 4 1 Mohms Auto Auto 125V Auto Auto 35 Mohms Auto Auto 600V Auto Auto 265 Mohms Resolution available for remote readings is as follows T ASCII DIGITS FUNCTION RANGE STANDARD MODE AVERAGING OR CALIBRATION MODE
50. ading mode provides a shortened 3 byte binary two s complement format response representing the inputto the DMM s A D Converter Speeds up to 500 readings per second are possible in this mode of operation True readings can be computed from this response using range and function dependent factors refer to Fluke Application Bulletin 25 The High Speed Reading mode is suited to systems with very fast processors to use with stored readings or to applications not requiring direct numeric conversions e g zero crossings or large deviations from a nominal vaiue Use of the character will place the DMM in the High Speed Reading mode and trigger the first reading Subsequent readings can be triggered by sending the 2 character In addition for the 8502A equipped with the 08A Option subsequent readings can be triggered by sending the TTL pulse with the External Triggering Mode Q or Q1 The High Speed Reading mode can be aborted at any time by transmitting a character other than when a reading is to be triggered The character sent in this case will do nothing more than cause the DMM to exit the High Speed Reading mode 2A 5 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont Voltage and Current Reading in I The response data from the DMM will be in 3 byte format as shown below for each voltage or current reading The first byte of this response contains sign and er
51. as an offset Press STORE OFFSET Offset is now enabled The multimeter will read only the deviation from 5 03V APPLICATION 2 i REQUIREMENT Monitor the stability of a power supply as a decimal ratio to its present reading of J 20 08V DC zeroing appears to be necessary METHOD Perform V DC Zeroing for internal drift Apply iow thermal short between INPUT HI and LO at the terminals Press ZERO VDC Q The value stored will be displayed as long as ZERO VDC Q is held depressed Release of the switch will activate the Zero mode Revise terminal interconnections for dc volts measurements Connect the dc voltage Apply power supply reading of 20 08V as a scaling factor Press STORE SCALING Display will now yield the ratio of subsequent readings to the scaling factor e g an input of 22 08V yields a ratio of 22 088 _ 20 08 STORING A NUMERIC ENTRY SAMPLE net e e 0 1 2 3 ee FILTER OFFSET VALUE SCALING HI LO STORE 2 26 8505A Table 2 6 Applications cont REQUIREMENT METHOD REQUIREMENT METHOD METHOD APPLICATION 3 pene ne e identify the power supplies that have a tolerance of 15V 100 mV Set high and low limits Press STORE memei mt Grete mete Je HI STORE aed me fe 0 a GF gt LO The multimeter will now display HI LO or PASS for each power supply APPLICATION 4 For a group of 20V power supplie
52. atic Operations 3 Special Operations V 0G ef FUNCTION WAC A i of AQC AAC OHMS lt o C 1000V 100V 10V 1V and 100 mV lt gt O LJ gt oO oO L 100 mA 10 mA 1 mA and 100 pA gt gt O LI function The FUNCTION push buttons allow selection of the analog measurement function Available functions include de volts V DC ac volts V AC dc current A DC ac current A AC and resistance OHMS two wire or four wire Push V DC for de voltage measurements with 6 digit resolution V DC annunciator lights This function is standard for the multimeter no optional module required Five ranges are available Push V AC for ac voltage measurements with 5 digit resolution V AC annunciator lights This function can be used with either the 01 Averaging Converter or the 09A RMS Converter Four ranges are available 1000V 100V 10V and 1V Push A DC for de current measurements with 514 digit resolution A DC annunciator lights This function can be used with the 03 Current Shunts module installed Five ranges are available 1A Push A AC for ac current measurements with 5 4 digit resolution A AC annunciator lights This function can be used when the 03 Current Shunts module and either the 01 Averaging Converter or the 09A RMS Converter is installed Available ranges are identical to those in the A DC Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons
53. ation provides fast accurate linear measurements and long term stability 1 13 Options and Accessories l 14 Remote interfaces ac converters a current converter and an ohms converter are among the numerous options and accessories available for use with the multimeter Refer to Tables 1 1 and 1 2 for complete listings AC conversion can be accomplished with either the AC Averaging module Option 01 or the RMS module Option 09A Any one of the three Remote Interface modules Option 05 06 or 07 can be installed at one time 1 15 SPECIFICATIONS 1 16 Mainframe specifications with dc volts and dc ratio measurement capability are presented in Table 1 3 Optional function specifications are supplied with the respective option modules and included in Section 6 1 1 8505A Table 1 1 Options Table 1 2 Accessories OPTION MODEL OR NOT NO NAME ESES PART NO NAME 7 M04 205 600 5 4 inch Rack Adapter ot AC DC Converter Averaging 1 3 MO00 260 610 18 inch Rack Slides 02A Ohms Converter MO00 280 610 24 inch Rack Slides 03 Current Shunts 3 80K 6 High Voltage Probe 05 IEEE Standard 488 1975 Interface 2 80K 40 High Voltage Probe 06 Bit Serial Asynchronous Interface 2 83RF High Frequency Probe Parallel Interface 2 85RF High Frequency Probe AC DC Converter True RMS 1 3 8001 IEEE Std Cable 1 Meter Length Options 01 and 09A cannot be Y8002 IEEE Std Cable 2 Meter Length installed simultaneousl
54. ctivate Externai Triggering Mode This character enables the External Triggering mode interrupt when Ready Any external TTL trigger then initiates a reading and interrupts when ready SRQ a o Deactivate External Triggering Mode G Activate External Triggering The Q1 character also enables External Triggering Mode Transmit when Ready mode Any external TTL trigger initiates and transmits a reading NOTE The and characters remain operative during External Triggering 2A 16 8500 Series Table 24 1 Programming instructions cont EXTERNAL TRIGGER DELAY COMMAND CHARACTERS 08A with 8502A only The W command characters select the amount of delay between the external trigger signal and the initiation of the reading No Delay w 0 2 083 ms 4 166 ms OG 16 66 ms 33 33 ms 66 66 ms 133 3 ms 266 6 ms 533 2 ms 1 0668 QOO HOO QOO VOG r QOO OOO 2A 17 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont MEMORY COMMAND CHARACTERS STORE The K Keep command characters specify the storing of a reading or numeric entry x Store Last Reading as Offset The 8500A will store the unprocessed reading whereas the 8502A will store the displayed reading x o Store Last Voltage Taken as VDC Zero on RO Only QG Store Last Reading as Ohms Zero on RO Only o0 P Store Numeric Value Following as Offset oop St
55. d to command local front panel control only if the multimeter is already in remote REMOTE annunciator lighted The push button has no effect if the multimeter is already in local 2 If the 06 Bit Serial Interface or the 07 Parallel Interface is installed LCL RMT may be used to toggle into out of local contro at any time 3 If no remote interface is installed use of LCL RMT causes a latching error condition MODIFIERS EXT REF LIMITS PEAK SAMPLE FILTER OFFSET SCALING ye a a CAL DATE CAL COR EXT REF The EXT REF button toggies into out of the External Reference mode Either External Reference or Scaling may be enabled selection of one mode disables the other After power up or reset RECALL EXT REF can be used to identify the software version NOTE The external reference voltage applied through the rear input connector can be read in the display while EXT REF is held depressed E m J wo The LIMITS push button toggles into out of the Limits mode without changing stored limits values A display of HI LO or PASS denotes use of the Limits mode LJ v m gt A The PEAK push button toggles into out of the Peak mode While in the Peak mode PEAK annunciator lighted a continually updated record of the highest and lowest reading values is stored These values are also held in memory after the mode is disabled Reentry into the PEAK mode erases previously recorded values and begins a new r
56. de rejection The fast filter allows for faster instrument settling while still providing a degree of noise rejection Whenever a filter is used a 8505A VDC VAC VOC VAC IN OUT OUT IN OUT IN OUT OUT IN OUT OUT OUT FOUR WIRE TWO WIRE Figure 2 5 Measurement Connections 2 21 8505A timeout for settling delay may also be inserted before each reading No filtering is available for the external reference input 2 77 Two methods of filter selection are available Selection ofany mode F F0 F1 F2 F3 is possible using the STORE numeric FILTER sequence The FILTER push button by itself toggles between modes F and FO The slow filter F is always selected when a toggle is performed with a fast filter F0 F1 or F3 in effect The fast filter FO is always selected when a slow filter F or F2 is in effect Mode FO is preselected at power up or reset 2 78 AVERAGING 2 79 The Averaging mode presets the sample setting to 10 and the filter mode to F to provide optimum stability and resolution throughout the range of inputs Subsequent FILTER or SAMPLE selection may jeopardize this intended optimization Therefore sample settings less than 10 cause the multimeter to exit the Averaging mode Filter mode F2 can also be specified while in the Averaging mode Selection of any filter other than F or F2 is accepted by the multimeter but causes deactivation of Averaging mode 2
57. e of causes the multimeter to both exit the High Speed mode and perform a normal reset The character used to exit High Speed mode must be sent by itself Any commands to be executed after exiting High Speed mode must be sent in a separate transmission i e in a separate statement in the instrument controller program 3 Selection of High Speed mode specifies the binary output format Any previously selected output format is restored once High Speed mode is exited 4 The multimeter front panel display is blank while High Speed mode is on The previously selected display L mode is restored once High Speed mode is exited 2A 22 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8506A cont 5 High Speed mode specifies asynchronous single trigger mode T2 The previously selected trigger mode is restored once High Speed mode is exited The high speed reading mode I cannot be used for any ac volts function normal enhanced or high accuracy with the 8506A Voltage and Current Reading In P The following scale factors are used FUNCTION 1 100 1 80 DC Volts V DC Amps I 8 AC Volts 8505A only n a AC Amps 8505A only Differs from 8502A 1 64 FUNCTION COMMAND CHARACTERS The 8505A uses the same function command characters as those listed The C command dc coupled ac volts can only be used when the True RMS Converter Option 09A is in
58. ecording a SAMPLE C Different reading rates can be specified by selecting the number of samples averaged per measurement There are two methods for making this selection 1 The SAMPLE button can be pushed to toggle between two commonly used reading rates slow 1 9 readings per second SAMPLE annunciator flashes slowly and fast 7 5 readings per second SAMPLE annunciator flashes rapidiy Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons cont 2 10 8505A 2 Any of 18 different reading rates can be specified using the following push button sequence STORE 0 17 SAMPLE The SAMPLE annunciator now flashes at a specified rate For settings of 0 7 this rate is the reading rate For the slower settings of 8 17 a single rate is preset to indicate a reading in progress FILTER Two methods are available for filter selection 1 By toggling the FILTER push button the operator can select mode F no mode number or FO mode number 0 2 The following sequence can be used to select any of the five filter modes STORE mode number FILTER MODE FILTER NUMBER FILTER TIMEOUT LED blank slow none on 0 fast none off 1 bypass none off 2 slow 550 ms on 3 fast 50 ms off No Mode Number is used for slow filter without timeout Push STORE FILTER OFFSET The OFFSET push button can be used to toggle into out of the Offset mode OFFSET annunciator lights Two methods are available for simultan
59. ement display presents a distinct indication when overrange inputs are detected An input voltage exceeding the full scale value for the range selected causes HHHHHH to flash Overrange points for each range are defined in Table 2 3 2 31 WARNING INDICATION 2 32 When in the Scaling External Reference Offset or Limits mode there may be no readily discernible display of the true measurement value Therefore asingle H is flashed in the exponent display when the voltage is 30V or higher at either the front panel input connections or the rear panel external reference terminals NOTE Flashing indicators in the digit or exponent display are a warning only they have no effect on instrument operation 2 33 ERROR CODES 2 34 Error codes offer considerable help in identifying improper procedures or equipment configurations These codes are explained in Table 2 4 2 35 INTERACTIVE PROGRAMMING INFOR MATION 2 36 The multimeter displays prompting messages during STORE and RECALL operations Whenever the STORE button is pushed the display responds with The operator may now designate either the displayed value or keystroked numerics as the programming entry If the displayed reading is being stored pushing the appropriate terminator button FILTER SAMPLE SCALING HI OR LO for LIMITS or OFFSET Tabie 2 3 Measurement Ranges DECIMAL POINT POSITION FUNCTION FOR RANGE INDICATED EXP OVERRA
60. eously entering an offset value and activating the Offset mode 1 A numeric vaiue may be entered using a store sequence For example store an offset of 1 25 as follows STORE 1 2 5 OFFSET 2 A displayed reading can be stored as the offset value Use the following sequence STORE OFFSET NOTE In some instances the displayed value may not be an appropriate offset value For example if the displayed value is being used to zero the multimeter it is important to verify that no other mathematic operations are in effect In such a case check that OFFSET SCALING and EXT REF annunciators are all off before storing a new offset value Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons cont 8505A CAL DATE i i I t em mma o SCALING L CAL COR p O L e m t STORE When the multimeter is in the Calibration Mode AVG CAL annunciator flashes the CAL DATE push button is used to enter six digits which either denote the date or identify the multimeter by number Refer to Calibration Mode later in this section The SCALING push button can be used to toggle into out of the Scaling mode without affecting any scaling value already stored Either of the following two methods can be used to store a new scaling factor and enable the Scaling mode NOTE Verify that the displayed value is the desired scaling value Any mathematic operations SCALING EXT REF OFFSET already in effect must be cancelled if the
61. equired measurements are complete use the following sequence to recall high and low values Press RECALL RECALL LO PEAK HI PEAK Hoid PEAK in to read the recorded values 2 28 2A 1 INTRODUCTION 2A 2 This section documents remote operation of the multimeter with any of the following interface modules installed 1 TEEE 488 Interface Option 05 2 Bit Serial Interface Option 06 3 Parallel Interface Option 07 2A 3 Basic remote operation for 8500 series multimeters is detailed in Table 2A 1 These operating features are generally compatible with the 8505A and 8505A 8506A Section 2A Remote Programming Commands 8506A multimeters Table 2A 2 details additional remote operating features available with the 8505A and 8506A only 2A 4 General information theory of operation maintenance information parts lists and schematic diagrams for each of the three remote interfaces are presented in Section 6 of this manual 2A 5 Software calibration for each function can be accomplished locally or remotely Complete software calibration information is presented in Appendix 7B of this manual 2A 1 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions The programming instructions in this table pertain to the 8500 Series Digital Multimeters with the lEEE 488 Interface Option 05 the Bit Serial Interface Option 06 or the Parallel Interface Option 07 installed Features and in
62. er mathematically manipulated displays are thereby possible Scaling or External Reference can be used to divide the measured value and display the ratio An offset value can be subtracted from the measured value to display only the deviation Scaling or External Reference and Offset can be used in combination to display percentage variation Examples of such operations are given under Applications later in this section 2 88 Use of mathematic operations is expressed in the following formula MEASURED VALUE OFFSET SCALING OR EXTERNAL REFERENCE Measured value in this formula refers to the measurement as influenced by all selected measurement parameters This value is subject to the following function dependent considerations DISPLAY 1 VDC function measured value is the measured voltage less V DC Zero when the Zero mode is used 2 OHMS function measured value is obtained after any applicable OHMS Zero is applied 2 88 SCALING 2 90 The Scaling mode divides the measured value after application of V DC or OHMS zero by a known amount and displays the quotient Ratios percentage deviations or input output relationships can thereby be displayed The scaling divisor may be a previously displayed and stored value or any non zero numeric entry from 10 to 10 and from 10 to 10 When compared to External Reference Scaling offers a much wider range Only one scaling factor may be stored at a time
63. er the M2 command is in effect i e whenever Zero mode is on When the multimeter is powered up or reset the Zero mode is turned on and the temporary zero correction factors are reset to 0 During normal operation Calibration mode off the permanent zero correction factors in Calibration Memory are always in effect and are not affected by the M1 and M2 commands Calibration Memory allows for software calibration of all functions and is fully described in Appendix 7B Although software calibration procedures are not discussed here the following considerations must be observed if Calibration mode is turned on the Calibration mode is enabled or disabled with the rear panel Calibration Switch when the multimeter is in local control As Calibration correction factors are always applied to readings unless the M command is sent This is true whether Calibration mode is on or off 2 When Calibration mode is on the M1 and M2 commands enable and disable the permanent zero correction factors stored in Calibration Memory Temporary zeros are not used in Calibration mode 3 When Calibration mode is on the resolution available for each range and function is the same as for Average mode refer to RANGE COMMAND CHARACTERS 2A 28 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8506A cont MEMORY COMMAND CHARACTERS STORE Commands KO store de volts zero and K1 store ohms zero can be used with either the 8
64. es resembles that detailed above for the 8505A with the following exceptions 1 Initial function was V Z or New function is V Z or The 8505A configuration is used 2A 23 8505A 8506A Table 24 2 Programming instructions 8505A 8506A cont 2 Initial function was V Z or New function is ac or act de volts a Filter mode off FO is set b No sample setting is allowed c Zero mode is off 3 Initial function was ac or ac de volts New function is V Z or a Filter mode on F or off FO is retained b Sample S7 is set 4 tnitial function was ac volts New function is ac volts a Ifthe initial and new functions are both ac volts ar both ac de volts manual ranging mode is retained at the same range or autoranging is retained starting at the same range b If the change is between an ac volts function VA VA1 VA2 and an ac dc volts function C C1 C2 autoranging is automatically enabled c For all types of change ac to ac ac de to ac ac to actde or actde to ac dc Averaging mode extended resolution and all other modes and values are retained No sample change is allowed in any 8506A ac voits function The following commands are used when initially selecting an 8506A ac volts function 1 VA V AC Normal 2 V A 1 V AC Enhanced 3 VA2 V AC High Accuracy 4 C V AC Normai DC Coupled a C 1 V AC Enhanced DC Coupled 6 C2 V AC High Accur
65. figuration and send on next trigger This recall command is useful in determining the multimeter type and identification number verifying the installed modules prior to a performance test or calibration and identifying the cause of an error 24 illegal module configuration A 22 character response identifies the multimeter and its hardware configuration as follows a Characters 1 5 the model number e g 8506A b Characters 6 8 a special number or blank c Character 9 a colon d Characters 10 22 13 characters identifying the loaded modules D DC Signal Conditioner F Active Filter C A D Converter 1 Averaging AC Converter Option 01 2 Ohms Converter Option 02A 3 Current Converter Option 03 4 Not used always l 5 IEEE 488 Interface Option 05 6 Bit Serial Interface Option 06 7 Parallel Interface OPtion 07 8 Isolator 9 True RMS Converter Option 09A A Thermal True RMS Converter 2A 32 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8506A cont Any module not installed is noted with a in the response For the 8505A a response of DFC12 78 would signify a standard dc volts configuration DFC with the Isolator 8 and options for averaging ac 1 ohms 2 and parallel interfacing 7 For the 8506A a response of DFC 3 5 8 A would identify a standard dc volts DFC with the Isolator 8 and thermal true rms volts A configuration wi
66. ggles into out of the Autoranging mode changing the existing range if necessary When enabled AUTO annunciator lighted Autoranging automatically selects a range that displays the measurement with maximum resolution Each use of this manual ranging push button selects the next higher available range if AUTO RANGE was previously activated use of the uprange push button toggles out of Autoranging AUTO annunciator off and steps to the next higher range No range change is effected if the multimeter is already in the highest range Use of the down range push button causes the multimeter to toggle out of Autoranging AUTO annunciator off and assume the next lower available range Each successive use of the down range button selects the next lower range This push button has no effect once the multimeter is in the lowest available range Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons cont 2 9 8505A CONTROL RESET LOL RMT RESET CAREFUL The RESET push button is powerful all modes and stored values other than calibration factors are lost if RESET is pressed Once RESET is used the multimeter assumes the Power Up configuration without actual power loss Temporary zero values are replaced with zero values stored in Calibration Memory LCL RMT Depending on the remote interface being used pushing the LCL RMT button may cause one of C three multimeter responses 1 if the 05 IEEE Interface is installed LCL RMT may be use
67. gh or low limit and enter the 3 mode HI STORE LO To store a numeric entry as a high or low limit and enter the Limits mode A HI STORE numerics LO f FUNCTION VOC VAC ADC AAC OHMS ef Ju 7 TRIGGER RANGE EXP C a 4 7 D auto BANU AUTO a y CONTROL RESET LOL AMT EXT REF LIMITS PEAK UD 0O E The multimeter utilizes fourteen dual purpose push buttons as numeric entry keys When programming sample settings or filter modes a one or two digit entry is necessary When programming limits or scaling and offset values a longer entry may be required Therefore the following sequence is available Mantissa Field enter a maximum of seven digits with decimal point Toggle polarity button as required Exponent Field push EXP button then enter a single digit exponent Toggle the polarity button again to set the exponent polarity Use the CE push button at any time prior to the terminator last button in a store numeric sequence to clear all numerics and revert to a display Fresh numerics may then be entered immediately Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons cont 8505A RECALL The RECALL push button can be pressed to recall and display values stored in the Limits Peak Scaling Offset Zero External Reference Sample or Filter modes For recall of uncorrected readings dates and identifiers refer to Calibration Mode later in this section No stored value i
68. he 15 character limit c Any immediate character including termination characters terminates and executes the string normally d The command is an immediate character only when used with the Bit Serial Interface Option 06 With the IEEE 488 Interface Option 05 or Parallel Interface Option 07 is not an immediate character and can be used as part of the K3 command string 2A 29 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8506A cont e The command is an immediate character only when used with the Bit Serial Interface Option 06 or the Parallel Interface Option 07 With the IEEE 488 interface Option 05 the command is not an immediate character and can be used as part of the K3 command string 4 K 4G 1 Clear ail of Calibration Memory If itis necessary to clear all calibration factors as ina check sum error 25 condition or prior to hardware calibration of ali functions the K4G1 command string can be used Depending on the number of entries being cleared several seconds may be necessary to complete this operation Completion of this comprehensive clearing operation is verified by return of the status response CAUTION if any Interrupting command Is sent immediately after K4 and before G1 the comprehensive clearing operation may be Interrupted prior to completion A check sum error 25 condition would then be set Do not send any Interrupting command Immediate characters reset
69. he filter selection Each sample per reading setting yields a specific processing time Additional processing time is necessary when mathematic operations such as OFFSET or SCALING are involved Samples taken are synchronous to the line frequency for local operation Synchronous or asynchronous operation can be specified remotely 2 20 2 68 Sample settings are specified as exponents of two For example the SAMPLE push button can be used individually to toggle between settings 5 2 exponent 5 32 samples per reading and 7 2 exponent 7 128 samples per reading Further any sample setting exponent of 2 from 0 through 17 may be made using the STORE numeric SAMPLE sequence If a setting of 0 through 6 is in effect when SAMPLE is toggled the multimeter assumes setting 7 A previous setting of 7 through 17 is changed to 5 when SAMPLE is toggled 2 69 The SAMPLE annunciator is controlled by both the sample setting and the trigger At sample settings from 0 through 7 SAMPLE flashes once for each triggered reading The rapid reading rate at 0 or I setting yields an apparent steady indication At sample settings 8 through 17 the flash rate is preset to that of setting 7 This feature insures a reliable reading in progress indication at these slower reading rates 2 70 TRIGGERING 2 71 Each new measurement is initiated with a trigger In auto triggering each trigger is generated internally at the end of the required reading time
70. hown in B is better than that in A since some common mode current ICM is shunted away from the source resistance The connection shown in C is necessary when the source may not be capable of driving the guard The buffer amplifier shown in C prevents this source loading Practical considerations usually dictate which of the three connections is used 2 53 Guard Terminal 2 54 Recommended guard terminal connections are illustrated in Figure 2 4 The potential between GUARD and chassis ground must not exceed 500V The potential between SENSE LO and GUARD must not exceed 127V 2 55 VOLTS INPUT OHMS SENSE HI and LO TERMINALS 2 56 The VOLTS INPUT OHMS SENSE terminals are used when making voltage de and or ac and 8505A DEVICE A MULTIMETER LEAD RESISTANCE N rS Mied en 4 0 ENM EXT GO OUT SOURCE GUARD Poe Da pe os FOR NONCRITICAL MEASUREMENT Epyy ERROR PRESENT EXT GO UN source s INTERNAL Genes Flowine TO GUARD GUARD Ecm Ecm ERROR MINIMIZED Icm FLOWS THROUGH SHIELD INSTEAD OF THROUGH TEST LEADS aai i HI aL Kon Ht m if we g ii ty EXT GD ii t wo 0N o 180 kx BES m DRIVING THE GUARD FOR A FLOATING MEASUREMENT WHICH MAY BE LOADED BY DIRECT CONNECTION OF THE GUARD Figure 2 4 Guard Connections resistance measurements Connections are shown in Figure 2 5 The input on the HI terminal with res
71. in the same manner as does the 8502A LIMITS AND PEAKS COMMAND CHARACTERS When Limits testing is enabled U an error is identified by either of the following responses t The standard error response message programmed with the K3 command is normally returned 2 If no such standard error response message has been programmed since the last power up or reset a 2 is returned to identify an error occurring during limits testing CONTROL COMMAND CHARACTERS ASCII Data Output Format Digit 7 is used with the 8505A and 8506A whenever 6 digits of resolution are available If 5 digits are available digit 7 is not needed and is consequently set to 0 CALIBRATION CONSTANT The Calibration Memory is a standard feature of the 8505A and 8506A Therefore the M and MO commands may be used at any time to inhibit or enable all Calibration Memory gain correction factors M inhibit all calibration gain correction factors MO enable calibration gain correction factors The M1 and M2 commands may be used to inhibit or enable the temporary zero correction factors stored with the KO and K1 commands V DC and OHMS only This has the same effect as turning the Zero mode off and on with the ZERO push button except the M2 command does not store zeros M1 inhibit zero correction values turn Zero mode off M2 enable zero correction values turn Zero mode on The temporary zero correction factors are applied in dc volts V or ohms Z whenev
72. indication appears in the multimeter display whenever an optional function is selected and the respective function module is faulty or missing At power up the multimeter identifies all installed options by displaying CXXXXXX X Option number An 8 in the exponent display identifies an installed isolator 2 19 Power Up Configuration 2 20 At power initialization or whenever the RESET button is pushed the multimeter assumes the power up configuration Basically the instrument assumes the V DC function with all modes and values disabled The power up configuration is fully defined in Table 2 2 2 21 Display 2 22 MEASUREMENT READING 2 23 The measurement display consists of mantissa and exponent fields The mantissa presents polarity 5 1 2 6 1 2 or 7 1 2 digit resolution range and function dependent and automatic decimal placement In addition the mantissa displays numeric storing entries recalled values error and warning information and interactive programming information prompts Decimal point positions are labeled 1 10 100 Ik to correspond with range settings as defined in Figure 2 3 2 24 When very large or small readings are displayed the exponent field is also used to maintain maximum 8505A resolution A negative or positive exponent field polarity indicates multiplication of the mantissa by the displayed power of ten 3 means 001 3 means 1000 Exponent values of 6 3 3 or
73. isplay responds with 2 Push the appropriate terminator button OFFSET SCALING FILTER SAMPLE or ZERO The respective value is displayed as long as the terminator button is held depressed Once the terminator button is released the multimeter resumes operation no mode or value is changed 2 38 The following three push button steps are required to recall a limit or peak value 1 Push RECALL display responds with 2 Then specify whether upper or lower limit or peak is desired by pushing HI or LO display responds with Y ES 3 Finally push the appropriate terminator button LIMITS or PEAK 2 39 Front Panel Push Buttons 2 40 The multimeter employs 25 color coded push buttons on the front panel Most of the push buttons control more than one function For example many mode control push buttons also serve as numeric entry push buttons when used during a store operation The number of keystrokes required for any operation is kept to a minimum Refer to Figure 2 2 for a description of each push button and where applicable examples of typical programming operations 2 41 Operation of the multimeter is straightforward Preset measurement configurations are made at power up reset or function selection Programmed values are retained whenever the range or function is changed Desired mode changes are made independently following a programming hierarchy of 1 Measurement Parameters 2 Mathem
74. la Vin Vmin 10 2 96 Normally the External Reference low terminal is tied to VOLTS INPUT LO In any event the resistance between either External Reference terminal and VOLTS INPUT LO should be less than 20 kilohms A reading rate of eight samples per reading and filter bypass are specified for each External Reference input 2 97 OFFSET 2 98 In Offset mode the display represents only the deviation from a stored offset value Measurements of stability of analog variation are thereby possible The multimeter automatically subtracts a programmed numeric or previously stored display value from the measurement and displays the result No increase in resolution is displayed while in the Offset mode One value whether a numeric or a previous display may be stored at a time Programmed numerics may range from 10 to 10 excluding 0 The stored offset value may be recalled at any time 2 99 Special Operations 2 100 PEAK 2 101 The highest and lowest deviations in the displayed value may be recorded in the Peak mode Measurement stability may thereby be checked over a period of time The PEAK push button toggles into out of the Peak mode High and low Peak values may be recalled any time without exiting the Peak mode or interrupting further peak recording The following sequence is used RECALL HI PEAK RECALL LO PEAK The high or low peak value is latched in the display as long as the PEAK button is held
75. lect the local lockout condition in which the display remains activated while none of the front panel switches affect the instrument Local Lockout On o Local Lockout Off ECHO COMMAND CHARACTERS used with Bit Serial Option 06 only ECHO ON Full Duplex C e ECHO OFF Halif Duplex 2A 15 8500 Series Table 24 1 Programming Instructions cont LINE FEED CONTROL COMMAND CHARACTERS Suppress Line Feed Character This character suppresses the LF character normaily sent at the end of a response line Transmit Line Feed Character This character disables the J character the LF character will be sent Suppress Output of Readings In the 8500A use of J1 will suppress all output from the DMM In the 8502A use of J1 will suppress output with the following exceptions Service Request SRQ status recalled values While in the Jt mode use of the recall command G will retrieve a reading Use of J or JO will exit the J1 mode ey te CALIBRATION CONSTANT When the Calibration Memory Option 04 module is installed the M character will inhibit the adjustment of readings by the Calibration Memory correction factor A slight increase in the speed of readings will result m inhibit Calibration Memory Factors m o Enable Calibration Memory Factors TRIGGER COMMAND CHARACTERS This set of command characters is available for the 8502A with the Isolator Option 08A e A
76. mbination of up to 15 characters For example an obviously illegal multimeter response of 1E20 could be specified as the error message If no such special message has been programmed a returned 0 is used In any case this message alone is returned whenever an error condition has been generated and a response from the multimeter has been commanded The error message may be returned repeatedly This depends on the type of error condition generated momentary or latching and subsequent corrective actions The following rules apply t Each momentary error condition generates only one error message 2 A latching error condition if not corrected generates repeated errors Therefore the error message is returned for each attempted reading For the second step the G1 get status command must be sent The first and second characters of the status response then identify the error condition by number This two digit error code is stored in a separate error condition buffer and is subject to the following rules 1 A single two digit error code can occupy the error buffer 2 If a multiple error condition exists only the last error to have been generated is stored in the error buffer 2A 30 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programming Instructions 8505A 8508A cont 3 The error buffer is cleared set to 00 when either of the following actions occurs a The Gi command is sent The error is returned in the status response
77. measurement value special operations When enabled by initially pushing the STORE button these push buttons can be used to enter numerics exponents and related polarity signs RESET initiates a power up reset LCL RMT usage depends on the remote interface in use a Ifthe IEEE interface 05 is used LCL RMT toggles from remote to local but not from local to remote b Ifthe Bit Serial 06 or Parallel 07 Interface is used LCL RMT toggles between local and remote 2 3 8505A Table 2 1 Controls indicators and Connectors cont ITEM NAME DESCRIPTION 17 Status Annunciators SAMPLE flashes to show a new reading in progress FILTER lights whenever slow filter is selected AUTO lights for Autoranging EXT lights when External Reference is enabled disables Scaling AVG CAL lights steady for Averaging or flashes for Calibration mode ZERO lights when a V DC or OHMS zero correction value is in use OFFSET lights when Offset mode is enabled SCALE lights when Scaling mode is selected disables Ext Ref PEAK lights when Peak mode is enabled REMOTE lights when the multimeter is controlled through a remote interface 18 POWER Switch Push ON push OFF The Calibration switch item 24 must be off before cycling power on or off 19 Scan Advance Output TTL compatible output signals to external scanner 50 ohm output impedance 20 Chassis Ground Binding post for ground connections 24 Remote Interface Acces
78. mory values are reset to zero when power up or reset occurs In this case each zero value stored does not affect values on any other range 2 22 Table 2 5 Resolution NORMAL AVERAGING DIGITS DIGITS ADC 100 yA 6 4 5 A AC or 1 mA 6 AAC 10 mA 6 100 mA 6 1A 6 OHMS 102 8 1002 6 1kQ 6 10 kQ 6 100 kQ 6 1MQ 6 10 MQ 6 6 2 85 Good quality low thermal shorting bars not shorted test leads must be applied between INPUT HI and LO terminals during the zero operation Initial use of the ZERO V DC OHMS push button stores the zero correction value and activates the Zero mode ZERO annunciator lights Pressing ZERO V DC OHMS a second time deactivates the Zero mode ZERO annunciator goes off A new zero value is entered each time the mode is enabled Scaling and offset values are ignored in the stored correction value Attempting to store zero in an illegal function A DC A AC or V AC results in an Error 0 indication Exiting the zeroed function deactivates the Zero mode but retains the stored values Upon reentering the zeroed function Zero mode and the old value are automatically restored The zero value can be recalled for the selected range and function VDC or OHMS 2 86 Mathematic Operations 2 87 Mathematic operations can be specified to change the measured value as influenced by measurement parameters before it is actually displayed Ratio deviation percentage variation and oth
79. ms function is selected the zero value for the range selected is returned If any other function is selected when G6 is sent the zero value for the 10 ohm range RO is returned If any unspecified G command is attempted such as G7 the multimeter assumes that G recall previous reading and send on next trigger has been sent a 2A 33 2A 34
80. ng documentation for remote operation of the 8500 series multimeters The additional features for the 8505A and the 8506A are presented in this discussion in the same sequence as they would appear in the Programming Instructions table Table 2A 1 Most of the items documented in this table supplement features available with the 8502A and 8502A AT Incompatibilities have been kept to a minimum Therefore programs designed for the 8502A are generally compatible with the 8505A and the 8506A and 8502A AT programs are generally compatible with the 8506A The few areas that are not compatibie are briefly described below Refer to appropriate areas in this table for amore detailed description T High Speed Mode Some High Speed mode scaling factors have been changed Also use of the reset command causes the multimeter to both exit High Speed mode and perform a normal reset 2 Range Commands Full scale points and autoranging points have been changed in several instances 3 Store Zero Commands KO K1 In the 8505A 8506A the temporary zero correction values are set to 0 when the instrument is reset or powered up sirnilar to the 8502A without the calibration memory option In the 8502A with the calibration memory option resetting the instrument does NOT clear the stored zeros INITIALIZATION CAUTION interruption of input power could affect Calibration Memory entries when the multimeter is in Calibration mode Do not cycle input po
81. ng instructions 8505A 8506A cont 4 27 Ohms input probiem Error 27 can occur under any of the following circumstances a At least one ohms input connection is open b An input polarity reversal has been made in four terminal connections c An input protection fuse is bad For input connections at either the front panel terminals or through the rear input connector any of the input fuses on the Front Rear Switch PCB could be bad Either the front or rear current ohms fuse could also cause this error condition The third character of the G 1 recall status response is modified when used with the 8506A in an ac volts function The third character range codes is then defined as follows 0 100 mv 3 3V 6 100V 1 300 mV 4 10v 7 500V 2 1V 5 30v The fifth character function codes of the response to G1 is modified for the 8506A Since ac current cannot be measured with the 8506A the fifth character cannot be defined as 3 Further if the fifth character is a 1 ac volts or a 5 dc coupled ac volts the specific ac volts function must also be identified Since sample codes are not used in 8506A ac volts functions the fourth character Sample is utilized to define whether normal mode fourth character 0 enhanced mode 1 or high accuracy mode 2 is selected Additional Recall Commands The following additional recall commands are available with either the 8505A or the 8506A Ae G 2 Recall multimeter con
82. on factors with Calibration mode on Software Calibration Appendix 7B deals with this procedure in detail k 2 K N D Keep the following six digits as the calibration date or the multimeter identification Any value totaling 999999 or less can be entered with Calibration mode on Zeros are not suppressed if less than six digits are entered The full procedure is defined in Software Calibration Appendix 7B 3 K 3 Keep the error response message This command allows the operator to specify the response for an error condition These characters instead of the actual reading are then automatically returned whenever an error condition occurs For example the word ERROR or an obviously illegal response value such as 1E20 can be programmed as the error response message The desired response must be reprogrammed after a power up or reset condition occurs The multimeter returns 0 as the error message if no other message has been programmed The actual error can only be identified as the first and second characters of the G1 Get Status response The following rules must be followed when making the K3 entry a A maximum of any 15 characters excepting immediate and termination characters can be programmed following the K3 command Spaces can be used as part of the 15 character total Characters in excess of 15 are ignored by the multimeter and do not cause an error condition b Nulis are discarded and not stored Nullis are not counted for t
83. ore Numeric Value Following as Scaling Factor Note The read value may not be stored as a Scaling Factor KY Store Numeric Value Following as Upper Limit oop Store Numeric Vaie Following as Lower Limit Offsets Scaling Factors Upper and Lower Limits may be entered via the KN command characters followed by one of the modifier characters P X U or L and the numeric value on ASCII string of numeric characters and optional sign decimal point and signed decimal exponent digit in E notation Examples of legal numeric strings are Googe Keep Numeric offset of 10 0 MMOOIMOOOWOY Keep numeric scaling factor of 10 3 X 107 or 1 03 MMUOOLOG Keep numeric upper limit of 7 6 X 104 WHMOOODOHOOVUOOOOM Keep numeric lower limit of 123 456 2A 18 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont An exampie of an illegal numeric string is 0000000008 Exponent is limited to one signed integer digit in this case the exponent would be 1 and the 3 would be ignored NOTE Numeric entries are limited to the maximum display value These values are 1 00000 E 9 to 1 00000 E 9 and 1 00000 E 9 to 1 00000 E 9 Numbers less the 1 00000 E 9 are treated as zero RECALL The G Get command characters specify the recall of a reading a numeric entry or a status Each Get command must be followed by a termination character The following mem
84. ory Get commands may be used Recall Previous Reading and Send on Next Trigger lt 0 Recall DC Zero and Send on Next Trigger Recall Status and Send on Next Trigger Status information from the DMM may be obtained with the command character G1 The status response will be returned in the following seven character format Error Codes Characters 1 and 2 define error code status Each error code contains two digits those codes with a zero for the first digit are related to remote operation only All other codes contain the same second digit as the DMM s front panel error codes 00 No Error 06 System Error 07 Illegal Numeric Entry 08 Remote Command String Error 09 Remote Overrange 10 V DC Zero Ohms Zero Error 11 Offset Error 8500A Store during Overrange 8502A 2A 19 8500 Series Tabie 2A 1 Programming instructions cont 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 E E EE NOGRWYHO NOhOND O Range Codes Sample Codes Error Codes cont Filter Module Faulty or not installed DC Signal Conditioner Module Faulty or not installed Excessive voltage present at terminals for Ohms Current Measurement Fast A D Converter Fauity or not installed Numeric Display Overflow Magnitude of External Reference Input gt 20V Controller Module Fauity Function Module selected not installed a Eee See el The third character of the status response contains the following range information 100 mV de 100 p
85. ory is a standard part of the Controller module If a Calibration Memory module is installed it must be removed Also error 24 may mean that the wrong ac converter configuration is installed The 8505A uses either the 01 Option or the 09A Option not both The 8506A uses only the Thermal True RMS Converter If an illegal ac converter is installed it must be removed If the illegal configuration is not corrected the error buffer is cleared G1 sent and a valid function is subsequently selected the illegal module configuration does not interrupt further multimeter operation However if both ac converters 01 and 09A are installed in the 8505A the ac volts command VA or C causes selection of the 09A converter only 3 25 The Calibration Memory check sum is wrong This error condition may occur when applying power when storing into Calibration Memory or when recalling a Calibration Memory entry It may be caused by an inadvertent cycling of power when the multimeter is in the Calibration mode Ensure that Calibration mode is off then try re initializing power to the multimeter If error 25 remains it may be necessary to first clear and then re enter all correction factors zero values and the calibration date or instrument identification number If error 25 recurs during the clearing procedure or during any subsequent programming attempt the Calibration Memory may be faulty 2A 34 8505A 8506A Table 2A 2 Programmi
86. pect to the LO terminal must not exceed 1000V The LO to GUARD potential must not exceed 127V These terminals are internally shorted to the AMPS INPUT OHMS SOURCE terminals HI to HI LO to LO when the Ohms Selector 4T OHMS IN is in the disengaged 2 wire position NOTE In OHMS measurements the voltage at the SENSE INPUT terminals is sampled before the Ohms Converter Option 02 is connected No connection is made if excessive voltage 10V dc is present 2 57 AMPS INPUT OHMS SOURCE HI and LO TERMINALS 2 58 The AMPS INPUT OHMS SOURCE terminals are used when making current A DC or A AC or four wire resistance OHMS measurements The potential between SOURCE HI and SOURCE LO must not 2 19 8505A exceed 280V The potential between SOURCE HI and SENSE HI or between SOURCE LO and SENSE LO must not exceed 127V NOTE In current measurements the voltage at the input terminals is sampled before the Current Shunts module Option 03 is connected No connection is made if excessive voltage 45V dc is present 2 59 OHMS SELECTOR 2 60 When engaged in the Ohms Selector isolates SENSE HI from SOURCE HI and SENSE LO from SOURCE LO four wire resistance measurements can then be made When disengaged out SENSE HI is connected to SOURCE HI and SENSE LO is connected to SOURCE LO for two wire resistance measurements Refer to Figure 2 5 Note that this control should be in the disengaged out position only when two
87. programming from the front panel is often not necessary If no mathematic operation or special operations are desired proceed to Step 6 5 If mathematic or special operations are desired refer again to the guidelines in Figure 2 3 6 Position the measurement terminal controls right of terminals as required The Rear Input Selector must be disengaged out if the front panel inputs are being used The Ohms Selector must be engaged in when four wire resistance measurements are being made The Guard Selector is normally left disengaged out for non critical measurements Refer to Measurement Terminals and Controls in this Section for other uses of these selectors 2 25 8505A 7 Depending on the function selected make the measurement connection illustrated in Figure 2 5 2 133 APPLICATIONS 2 134 Specific applications using the multimeter are examples to aid in familiarization with the multimeter If the applications are duplicated modes or values already programmed could interfere with the expected instrument response Therefore a power up or reset instrument configuration is a precondition presented in Table 2 6 The applications may be used as Table 2 6 Applications STORING A DISPLAYED VALUE OFFSET SCALING HI LO STORE e APPLICATION 1 REQUIREMENT Monitor the stability of a power supply in terms of its deviation in volts from a present output of 5 03V METHOD Store the present output
88. ptional module 2 126 OPERATION 2 127 initial Turn On 2 128 Before initial turn on check that the line voltage specified on the rear panel sticker near the line fuse agrees with the line voltage actually being used If there is any doubt concerning the line voltage setting refer to Line Voltage Selection in Section 4 Also verify that the Calibration switch is off Once these verifications have been made connect the power cord and push the POWER button to ON 2 129 The multimeter identifies its own software and hardware at initial turn on Software is identified with a display of HI Y Y Y where Y represents the software version in use Hardware is then identified witha display of CXXXXX where X signifies any installed options by number 2 130 Power up reset configuration is now established The function is set for V DC the 1000V range is set along with filter FO sample 7 auto trigger zero mode on and local operation All other modes and values are disabled The multimeter may now be programmed as described in this Section A two hour warm up insures rated accuracy Better accuracies can be obtained in the Average mode after a four hour warm up 2 131 Measurement Instructions 2 132 Use the following procedures when making measurements from the front panel 1 Remove multimeter inputs 2 Select the desired function 3 Referring to Figure 2 3 set measurement parameters 4 Further
89. r accuracy specification TIME SINCE INTERNAL NUMBER OF HARDWARE CALIBRATION COUNTS lt 30 Days 0 lt 90 Days 1 lt 1 Year 2 3 gt 1 Year With 6 digit display For 7 4 digits multiply Number of Counts by 10 27 2 digit mode of operation 3After 4 hour warm up within 1 hour of de zero 8505A Tabie 1 3 Specifications cont Operating Characteristics TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT of Reading Number of Counts C RANGE 0 C TO 18 C AND 28 C TO 50 C 100 mV 0 0003 5 1v 0 0003 1 10V 0 0002 0 5 100V 0 0003 1 1000V 0 0003 0 5 Multiply Number of Counts by 10 for AVG operating mode 7 digit NPUT BIAS CURRENT AT TIME OF ADJUSTMENT 1 YEAR 23 C 1 C TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT lt t5 pA lt 30 pA lt t1 pA C ZERO STABILITY iss ccsaceseteag eee Less than 5 uV for 90 days after a four hour warm up Front panel pushbutton zero is provided for permanent storage of a zero correction for each range Zero may be turned off at any time MAXIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE 1200V dc or 1000V rms ac to 60 Hz or 1400V peak above 60 Hz may be applied continuously to any dc range without permanent damage Maximum common mode rate of voitage rise is 1000V usec ANALOG SETTLING TIME FILTER TO 0 01 OF TO 0 001 OF FILTER MODE COMMAND STEP CHANGE STEP CHANGE Bypassed Ft 2 ms 20 ms Fast FO or F3 40 ms 50 ms Siow F or F2 400 ms 500 ms
90. rms LO SENSE TO LO SOURCE 127V rms HI SENSE TO LO SENSE 1000V rms or 1200V de HI SOURCE TO LO SOURCE 280V rms 1 2 8505A Table 1 3 Specitications cont DC VOLTAGE Input Characteristics i FULL SCALE RESOLUTION INPUT RANGE 6 DIGITS RESISTANCE DIGITS DIGITS 100 mV 200 0000 mV gt 10 000MA 1v 2 000000V gt 10 000MQ 10V 20 00000V gt 10 000MaQ 100V 128 0000V 10M9 1000V 1200 000V toma 7 h digit resolution In AVG operating mode Accuracy DC VOLTS of Reading Number of Counts 24 HOUR 90 DAY 23 C 41 C 23 C 5 C RANGE ane aa OPERATING MODE OPERATING MODE NORM AVG NORM AVG 100 mV 0 0018 15 0 0010 8 0 0025 40 0 0020 8 1V 0 0008 7 0 0005 4 0 0015 8 0 0012 6 10V 0 0006 or 6 0 0005 or 50 0 0010 8 0 0008 60 100V 0 0010 6 0 0005 5 0 0018 8 0 0015 6 1000V 0 0008 6 0 0005 5 0 0018 8 0 0015 6 Whichever is greater gt 90 Day 23 C 5 C Add to the 90 day specification per month the following of Reading and Number of Counts OPERATING MODE RANGE NORM AVG 100 mV 0 00017 5 6 0 0001 0 1 1v 0 0001 0 1 0 0001 0 1 10V 0 0001 0 1 0 00008 12 100V 0 00013 0 1 0 0001 0 1 1000V 0 00013 0 1 0 0001 0 1 NOTES 1Re ative to calibration standards 4 hour warm up within 1 hour of de zero After software calibration add the following to the 24 hou
91. ror bits an implied binary point and an implied scale factor of ten Bytes 2 and 3 further define the reading If the reading is negative the sign bits will equal 1 and all three bytes must be two s complemented before conversion If the error bit is equal to the complement of the sign bit an error is defined BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 implied Binary Point Error Bit Sign Bits In this example the sign bits are 1 and the reading is negative Since the complement of the sign bit does not equal the error bit 1 no error is defined To convert the response in this example the two s complement must first be formed 00090 1000 07100 0000 00090 0001 Re SSR 0 5 015625 0 0 000001 0 515626 X 10 the implied scale factor Further conversion to calculate the true reading Rt necessitates multiplication of the A D Converter reading RAD by the scale factor for the instrument s range and function Rt Rap X Scale Factor Ohms Readings in I The procedure for measuring ohms in High Speed Reading mode is more complex High Speed Ohms readings differ from Fast Ohms Z1 readings when using the character the DMM will not compute the true reading This conversion must be performed by the user Up to 500 readings a second are possible when using High Speed Ohms Refer to OPERATING NOTES provided with Option 05 and 07 for High Speed Ohms Reading procedures 8 16 Bit Toggle The character
92. s affected during the RECALL operation The recalled value will be displayed as long as the last push button in the sequence is held depressed To recall measurement parameters SAMPLE RECALL FILTER To recall mathematic operation values OFFSET SCALING RECALL EXT REF ZERO V DC Q To recall a special operation value Hi LIMITS RECALL LO PEAK ZERO The ZERO push button can be used to store a de volts zero any range or ohms zero any range voc a The zero value stored is also applied on all higher ranges in the same function For discrete zero values on each range zero must be stored sequentially on each range from lowest to highest With the initial button push a new zero vaiue is stored and the mode is enabled ZERO annunciator on Pushing ZERO a second time disables the mode but retains the previous value A new zero value is stored each time Zero mode is enabled Refer to text for use with Calibration mode LJ The AVG push button can be used to optimize sample and filter factors for each function and range combination A stable reading is thereby assured An additional digit using the exponent display is available in 10V de range when in the Averaging mode gt lt 12 The Hi and LO push buttons are used to store or recail limit values and for recall only of peak values Refer to STORE and RECALL push button descriptions for the applicable sequence Jz Figure 2 2 Front Panel Push Buttons cont 2 14
93. s determine the deviation in volts Offset the displayed reading by 20 Press STORE 2 0 OF FSET Any value displayed now will equal the deviation from 20V APPLICATION 5 REQUIREMENT Display the input error voltage for an operational amplifier by measuring the de output error Gain 2 6847 x 104 Divide the measured dc output error by a scaling factor the op amp gain Press STORE gt 2 m p gt 6 8 4 7 EXP ae 4 SCALING The multimeter will now divide the measured input by the gain of the op amp and display the input error voltage APPLICATION 6 METHOD REQUIREMENT Make a series of measurements in a noisy environment Speed of measurement is not important Display only the deviation in volts Allow for extra settling between readings Press STORE gt 3 FILTER Increase digital filtering average more samples per reading Press STORE 9 e SAMPLE Offset by the nominal output e g 15V Press STORE mme 1 5 OF FSET 2 27 8505A Tabie 2 6 Applications cont RECALLING OFFSET ZERO VDC Q EXT REF SAMPLE SCALING FILTER RECALL HI LO PEAK LIMIT APPLICATION 7 REQUIREMENT METHOD Determine the highest and lowest readings encountered in measuring a group of 28V power supplies Press PEAK to record measurement extremes Use a manual trigger for each measurement When r
94. s Port Connector on optional remote interface module accessible here 22 Power Connector Three prong connector accepting line cord with ground wire 23 Line Fuse Use 2A Slow Blow for 100 or 120V ac A Slow Blow for 220 or 240V ac Refer to Fuse Replacement in Section 4 24 Calibration Switch Activates Calibration mode AVG CAL annunciator flashes 25 External Trigger input Enabled by front panel MANUAL EXTERNAL push button 26 Rear Analog Input Connection Alternate connections for all front panel inputs enabled when Rear Input Selector on front panel is pushed in EXT REF HI and LO inputs are also included but are not switched by the Rear Input Selector 27 Rear Input Fuse Use AGC 1 5A 2 15 Required Hardware 2 16 The multimeter must be equipped with the following modules for standard operation de volts 1 Controller blank display if not installed 2 Active Filter Error 2 if not installed 3 A D Converter Error 5 if not installed 4 Isolator Error 9 at power up if not installed 2 17 Additional modules are necessary when using the multimeter in ac volts dc current ac current or resistance 2 4 functions or for remote control Separate modules for averaging ac or rms ac measurements are available only one of these modules may be installed at one time If it is necessary to check install or replace modules refer to Module Installation and Removal procedures in Section 4 2 18 An Error 9
95. ses Check input lead polarity in four terminal connections Repeat power up or reset Power off replace or install filter module Power off replace or install DC Signal Conditioner module Check for improper input level Check function causing error indication Applicable module may need replacement or installation Power off replace or install Analog to Digital Converter module Select valid function to clear error condition Power off replace or install appropriate module Power off remove one ac converter or install correct converter or remove the Calibration Memory module the multimeter uses a separate Calibration Memory as part of the Controller 2 7 8505A completes the operation The multimeter adopts both the mode specified with the terminator and the value previously displayed If keystroked numerics are being stored the multimeter displays the digits as they are entered from the front panel Once all numbers for a particular mode are entered the appropriate terminator button is pushed For either method the display now resumes the measurement reading function or if HI or LO were specified as the terminator begins reading HI LO or PASS 2 37 The RECALL button commands a display of a stored factor or value The procedure requires the following two steps when recalling the offset value the scaling factor the filter mode the sample setting or the zero value I Push the RECALL button d
96. stalled When an 8505A function is changed the multimeter is configured as follows 1 If the same function is re selected the multimeter assumes autoranging and retains all other existing modes and stored values 2 If a new function is selected the following configuration is set a Autoranging R is set b The existing trigger mode sample and filter are retained However if Average mode was previously on it is turned off sample is set to S7 and filter is set to FO c Offset External Reference Scaling Limits and Peaks are turned off PO XO UO respectively with all respective values retained d Zero mode is toggled off if a function other than dc volts V or ohms Z is selected If dc volts V or ohms 2 is reselected the Zero mode state on or off is restored to that in effect the last time the function was selected The values of the temporary zeros are stored until the instrument is reset or powered off or until new temporary zeros are stored e Calibration mode is on or off as determined by the Calibration Switch setting and gain correction factors are enabled MO When an 8506A function is changed the multimeter assumes a configuration defined by the variety of both old and new functions One variety includes dc volts V ohms Z and de amps I The second variety includes all ac volts functions VA VA1 VA2 C C1 and C2 Four types of configuration change are therefore possible Each of these chang
97. store the external reference voltage and the numerical scale factor separately The 8500A can only store one or the other not both Minimum scaling factor the same as the minimum Vxref for the 8500A For the 8502A minimum 10 Factors less than this will be set to 0 which is not a valid scale factor Maximum scaling factor 100 8500A or input Max Scale factor lt 10 8502A NOTE The X and XI modes are mutually exclusive LIMITS AND PEAKS COMMAND CHARACTERS The U command characters specify selection of Limits or Peaks modes e Limits Testing On When this command character is sent each instrument reading is compared to upper and lower limits Limit values must be entered separately with a keep command refer to KEEP COMMAND CHARACTERS The output format from the instrument when given a G command is as follows 0 is transmitted for a reading within limits 1 is transmitted for a reading greater than the upper limit 4 is transmitted for a reading less than the lower limit 2 is transmitted if an error occurs g overranging Peak Mode s op Save Highest and Lowest Previous peak values are erased from memory Values Peaks On whenever the U1 command character is programmed 2A 13 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont G Save Highest and Lowest For the 8500A storage of limit and peak values are Values Peaks On cont
98. structions unique to the DMM model or to the Interface used will be identified in the following manner 1 8500A or 8502A the symbol will denote an explanation applicable to one DMM model only The software version incorporated in the DMM may aiso be mentioned for further identification To verify the software version incorporated in your instrument observe the display indication at power on or reset For example in the 8502A HI 2 0 2 will appear in the display for models with software version 2 0 2 2 05 06 or 07 Interface Options the symbol will be used with a feature or instruction unique to a particular Interface INITIALIZATION When power is applied or the Reset character is transmitted the instrument assumes a preset default condition This condition is defined by the following remote codes REMOTE CODE COMMAND Vv Volts DC R4 1000V range S5 8500A 25 Samples per Reading s7 8502A 2 Samples per Reading Fo Fast Filter Timeout Disabled Panel Indicator OFF xO External Reference Scaling Disabled PO Offset Feature Disabled Uo Limits Peak Value Storage Disabled TO Single Reading Line Synchronous Bo Single Character ASCII Format DO Front Panel Display Active Lo Deactivate Local Lockout JO Deactivate Line Feed Suppression MO Enable Cal Memory Factors ao 8502A Disable External Trigger W 8502A No Delay YO 06 Option only Echo mode off Bit Serial IF In addition the foliowing instrument
99. ter reverts to its state prior to the store or recall once a momentary Erior C condition elapses NOTE Errors due to thermal emf s should be considered when making low level high resolution measurements Thermal emf s voltages produced by temperature differences between contacts of two dissimilar metals or by temperature gradients along a length of material may cause differences of several microvolts The use of low emf shielded cables with copper spade lugs is recommended to minimize thermal emf errors button s shown for the action described STEP ACTION 1 FUNCTION selection a Reselecting V DC sets autoranging b Push V AC and V DC simultaneously to measure ac voltage on a dc level with RMS converter option 09A Lt lf multiple programming steps are required use the sequence presented here as a general guide Use the push INITIALIZATION CONFIGURATION AT POWER UP OR RESET V DC 1000V Auto Sample 7 Filter F0 zero mode ON no other modes or values Calibration mode must be off before power off PUSH BUTTONS VAC ADC L LI AAC OHMS E E CONFIGURATION AT FUNCTION CHANGE Autorange previous filter sample and trigger retained all other modes off but respective values retained Figure 2 3 Programming Hierarchy 8505A 2 MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS Measurement parameters establish reading resolution noise rejection stability and accuracy TRIGGER selection a If
100. th options for de current 3 and IEEE 488 interfacing 5 Modules allowed in either instrument are defined as follows ALLOWED CONFIGURATION POSSIBLE S standard O optional CONFIGURATION N not allowed not used D F S s c S s i on N R o O 2 3 0 1 0 2 4 a S O 3 0 3 6 O 3 0 3 O 3 9 3 8 S 3 S 3 9 0 1 B A N s NOTES 1 8505A AC Volts VA uses either Averaging Option 01 or True RMS Option 09A converter 8505A AC Amps IA uses Current Converter Option 03 and either ac converter lf both ac converters are installed with ac volts or ac amps selected the True RMS converter Option 09A is used 2 8506A can use either the Ohms Converter Option 01A or the Current Converter Option 03 not beth 3 8505A and 8506A only one interface Option 05 06 or 07 can be installed at onetime 2 G3 recall front rear input selector status on next trigger Response is as follows 0 rear inputs 1 front inputs 3 G 4 recall the calibration date or instrument identifying number Response includes six digits with no leading zero suppression If the Calibration Memory is not installed the response is 000000 and no error is generated 4 G 5 recall Calibration mode status A returned 0 identifies Calibration mode off and a returned 1 identifies Calibration mode on 5 G6 recall Ohms zero value and send on next trigger If G6 is sent when the Oh
101. the find Rx by measuring VO and multiplying this constant The constant will change with a function change range change or overload condition NOTE Fast ohms ZI differs from HIGH SPEED READING C When using for ohms measurement Rx is not computed by the DMM RANGE COMMAND CHARACTERS The nine range commands specify the following maximum values by function 200939890092 Seeqgogee DC VOLTS Auto 312 mV 2 5V 20V 160V 1200V Auto Auto Auto Ae VOLTS oc or Ac one CURRENT Auto Auto Auto Auto 312 vA 31 250 2 5V 2 5 mA 2502 20V 20 mA 2kQ 160V 160 mA 32 kQ 1000V 1 28A 256 kQ Auto Auto 4 096 MQ Auto Auto 32 768 MQ Auto Auto 262 144 MQ oe 2A 9 8500 Series Table 2A 1 Programming Instructions cont MODIFIER COMMAND CHARACTERS SAMPLES PER READING COMMAND CHARACTERS The modifier command character S or H specifies the number of samples taken per reading The times shown for these characters are approximate digitizing times per reading for 60 Hz line synchronous operation in de volts ac volts or current function 2 1 Sample Reading 4 ms 2 2 Samples Reading 8 ms 2 4 Samples Reading 17 ms 23 8 Samples Reading 33 ms 21 16 Samples Reading 67 ms 25 32 Samples Reading 134 ms 2 64 Sampies Reading 267 ms 2 128 Samples Reading 534 ms 2 256 Samples Reading 1 18 2 512 Samples Reading 2 18 2 1 024 Samples
102. tions to recall a six digit number This number may signify the calibration date For example a recalled 0218 8 3 would signify February 18 1983 Alternately the six digits may be used to identify the multimeter 2 120 To recall the six digit date or identifier while in the Calibration mode push RECALL CAL DATE If the multimeter is not in the Calibration mode the six digit date or identifier can be recalled using RECALL LO CAL DATE 2 121 The CAL COR push button may be used to recall the uncorrected reading when the multimeter is in the Calibration mode use RECALL CAL COR The uncorrected reading can also be recalled when the multimeter is not in the Calibration mode Use the following sequence RECALL LO CAL COR 2 122 Scan Advance 2 123 The multimeter outputs a sync signal during each measurement sequence This signal occurs after the measurement is complete but before a new trigger is accepted The sync signal thereby allows for faster bus communications by advancing a scanner before a new reading is triggered The signal positive going TTL 3 microsecond pulse width 50 ohm output impedance is available at a BNC connector on the multimeter rear panel 8505A 2 124 Systems Use 2 125 The availability of optional interface modules makes the multimeter adaptable to a large variety of digital systems Operating and programming instructions related to remote operation are included with the appropriate o
103. ulty or not installed Occurs when storing into or recalling from Calibration Memory or at power up Cai Memory check sum problem Ohms connection problem LATCHING ERROR CONDITIONS A valid function must be selected to restore multimeter operation All function annunciators are off during a latching error condition Error Error 2 Error 3 Error 4 Error 5 Error 9 Error E System error usually appears at power up or reset Filter module faulty or not installed DC Signal Conditioner module faulty or not installed OHMS A DC or A AC error Analog to Digital Converter Module error Function selection error The function module selected is faulty or not installed V DC problem causes Error 3 More than one ac converter or the wrong ac converter is installed Also appears when Calibration Memory module is installed SOLUTION Check function Only V DC and OHMS are permissible Change to higher range or if storing cal correction factors use lower value source Check offset and scaling values Revise external reference input Power off replace controller module Wait till display clears Use correct sequence Wait till display clears Use correct sequence or value within limits Replace or install Calibration Memory chip Try new power up If necessary reprogram Cal Memory Replacement of Calibration Memory may be required Verify that all connections are proper Check input fu
104. wer to the multimeter when Calibration mode is activated If power is ON verify that the AVG CAL annunclator is not flashing before cycling power to OFF From the remote Calibration mode status can be verified with the G5 command response of 0 mode off response of 1 mode on If power is OFF verify that the rear panel Calibration switch is off before cycling power to ON Both the 8505A and the 8506A assume the same configuration at power up as that described for 8502A with the following exceptions 1 The Average mode is disabled 00 2 Calibration Memory factors are retained at all times These factors include zero corrections for each range in de volts and ohms functions gain corrections for each range in each function and the calibration date or instrument identification number 3 External Reference at power up or reset is used as temporary storage for the multimeter software version number The GNR command can then be used to recall this number Any use of the X command subsequent to power up or reset replaces this number with the value applied at the external reference inputs 4 Zero mode is enabled with all temporary zero correction values set to 0 HIGH SPEED MODE Selection of the High Speed mode sets the following conditions 1 The command both enters the High Speed mode and triggers a reading 2 Use of any character or bit pattern other than causes the multimeter to exit the High Speed mode Us
105. y Y8003 IEEE Std Cable 4 Meter Length 2 Only one of Options 05 06 and 07 MIS 7011K Extender Card can be installed at any time MIS 7190K Static Controller 3 For the ac portion of Option 03 to operate either Option 01 or 09A MIS 7191K Test Module must be installed MIS 7013K Bus Interconnect and Monitor For use during service or repair Table 1 3 Specifications GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Dimensions 0 ease 10 8 cm High x 43 2 cm Wide x 42 5 cm Long 4 25 in High x 17 in Wide x 16 75 in Long See Figure 1 1 Weight BASIC sirrini sasen aan Matern ae 4 10 kg 22 tbs FULEY LOADED sourrire dii 12 kg 26 Ibs Operating Power VOLTAGE ao lras SAE EEA ON 100V ac 120V ac 220V ac or 240V ac 10 BASIC INSTRUMENT POWER 12 watts FULLY LOADED POWER 24 watts FREQUENCY irott a EN LEDENA 47 Hz to 63 Hz 400 Hz available on request Warm Up oo cece eee eee 2 hours to rate accuracy Shock and Vibration Meets requirements of MIL T 28800 for type IH class 5 style E equipment Temperature Range OPERATING sos sstiaeases suaa conta 0 C to 50 C NON OPERATING 40 C to 70 C Humidity Range OPC TO T ce a AAT ARN 80 RH 18 C TO 40 C 75 RH WETO 509 Ce sca vane serisini oes 45 RH Maximum Terminal Voltage LO TO GUARD sien castes sii aleve 127V rms GUARD TO CHASSIS 00085 500V rms HI SENSE TO HI SOURCE 1 127V

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