Beaulieu R8 How to Use
Contents
1. Peaukion cinema Coudert et Dino Printed in France Beaulieu REFLEX CONTROL MCR 8 TCRS The following notes relate exclusively to the new place the following chapters Diaphragm setting Chapter 3 p 6 7 Stop setting table p o Reflex Control series They re The illustrations concerning the R 8 are on the whole applicable to the new models There is however a minor modification in plate 1 where slider 2 is replaced by a side button located on the right of the viewfinder which is more convenient You will also note on plate 3 a new improvement guide roller 22 is now a rubber roller You will also note that continuous filming is now controlled by flexible release screwed into the axial thread of the trip button instead of by the trip button p 12 DESCRIPTION AND PRINCIPLE The two cameras are styled exactly like the classical types MR 8 and TR 8 except for a slight bulge at the rear which identifies the presence of the light control system The operating procedure is the same as in the case of the R 8 the only departure being that light intensity is evaluated through the viewfinder There is now no need for a separate exposure meter The diaphragm is adjusted in the Same manner as on a camera of convention nal type i e by adjusting the stop ring according to the indications given by the built in viewfinder pointer The camera whether equipped with a2. feedin section has rotated past the index line on the dial When the red film ended section reaches the index line on the dial filming is over However run the film until the counter comes to a standstill and the tell tale hum of the spool drive ceases You then proceed to invert the spools in order to impress the second half of the film To change or invert the spools open the lid by means of button 13 This should be done in a well shaded spot and reel up the last few inches of film which may still remain in the gate by rotating the spool 13 by hand holding the feeler finger clear by means of lever 24 Remove spool invert it and place it over the feeder spindle proceeding as per loading prescriptions Naturally the empty feeder spool will 14 be placed over the take up spindle 23 Note The same procedure will be followed for unloading the camera after the full 15 m length is spent II SPECIAL EFFECTS These may be either movie effects desi gned to make the film more attractive or to facilitate changeovers from one scene to another or may relate to a cinema technique known as animation Special effects are achieved by means of the variable aperture shutter system and reverse film drive Animation is a frame by frame operation 1 Movie Effects The variable aperture shutter is a mecha nical system see fig b which consists in reducing or in increasing as require
3. sw PEPATE 1 10 PEALE 2 15 BEATE 3 18 23 22 5 ai dra o ati tg Js 8 Pe R8 correctly loaded PLATE 4 D mn A U SI PLATE 1 Reflex viewfinder eyepiece Eyepiece adjustment suit operator s sight lever to Winding crank handle Footage counter feet Footage counter meters Tripod or carrying strap fixing bushing Variable aperture lever and 3 position locking knob Single frame release socket Continuous drive release button Speed setting knob 16 17 18 IQ 20 DT 22 PLATE 2 Reverse motion knob Cover locking knob Frame counter Frame counter zero reset PLATE 3 Feeder spool spindle Spool locating stud Upper guide roller Floating pressure plate Film gate Film guide Lower guide roller Take up spool spindle Footage counter lever Cover fixing bush PLATE 4 26 Feeder spool 27 Film circuit 28 Take up spool The lucky owner of an 8 mm Beaulieu Reflex camera should have no difficulty in shooting good films right from the start if he observes the following simple instruc tions even though photography or film making may be entirely new ground for him The instructions closely follow the natural sequence of operation from loading to unloading Another chapter is reserved for the description of special effects which can be easily obtained with a minimum of know how
4. Easy to achieve with the Beaulieu R 8 reflex groundglass viewfinding system Correct Exposure Your best guide an exposure meter Can never be used too often when filming This booklet has been deliberately written in an elementary style so that beginners will know each step of the way As you acquire experience and skill you will become your own best critic Your local Beaulieu agent will gladly refer you to his interesting collection of books on film making whe never you wish to go further MAINTENANCE Two requisites a handblower and a soft hair brush are furnished with your Beaulieu R 8 They will help to keep the main components of your camera in dust free condition A LENSES The lenses must be kept in spotlessly clean condition External parts will be wiped with a soft non fraying cloth Never dampen the cloth When you finish filming always replace the protecting cap over the lens B GATE Clean frequently every three or four spools with the small brush supplied with the camera Opening the pressure plate pro vides ample clearance for adequate brushing Similarly the drive elements are easily cleaned once the drive guides are pulled out C REFLEX SYSTEM First de activate the motor by pressing on the trip button Unscrew the lens Bring one of the mirrors in front of the film aperture by acting on the reel up crank and on the trip button If dust is present on the mirror blow it away with the
5. hand blower Crank back a little more the 22 second mirror appears Clean it in the same manner To reach the ground glass lens located to the left of the filming aperture use the reverse motion crank with the variable aperture shutter lever set to shutter open Once the two mirrors have been retracted in this manner you will have easy access to the lens CAUTION Never touch the mirrors or the ground glass lens even with the tip of the hand blower These delicate parts are easily scratched D LUBRICATING Theorically lubricating should be left to us After a period of three years the camera should be returned to a Beaulieu agent for routine maintenance inspection and lubri cation Camera Registration Number The factory nuinber of your camera which should be quoted every time you deal with your Beaulieu agent is visible on the inner face of the case near the wrist strap bushing CONTENTS Nomenclature of parts indicated 1 2 3 4 on plates pages 2 and 3 General Instructions Loading Porcedure 4 Lens Selection 5 Diaphragm setting 6 Focusing and Framing 7 Filming Speeds 10 Shooting 12 Special effects Variable aperture and movie effects 15 Fade ins fade outs and lap dissolves 16 Reeling up 17 Double exposure and super impressions 18 Animation Amateur movie making Basics Oo Maintenance Follow the advice of your Beaulieu cinema Agent when you think movies
6. is pressed against eyebrow b Camera with grip attachment Camera hold is substantially improved and facilitated by the Beaulieu R 8 grip 12 An attractively styled attachment of func tional design this transparent polyester grip screws into the bushing 6 provided under the camera normally used for fixing the wrist strap The forefinger of the right hand guided by the grip grooving quite naturally slips into shooting position against the trip button The left hand remains free to adjust focus ing the eye remains fixed at the eyepiece while shooting c Tripod operation If you are striving for perfection you should use a tripod stand which will assure real stability This is particularly valuable with tele lenses when the slightest displa cement is amplified and causes jittery pictures The R 8 screws on the threaded bushing 6 used for fixing the wrist strap Trip release is achieved by trip button or by flexible trip cable Trip Button Simply press on the button 9 and keep button depressed as long as you wish to film If you are filming a continuous sequence press on trip button and give quarter turn twist that will lock it in the running if position Camera will continue until drive mechanism has run down To stop filming give another quarter turn twist which releases the button back into the off position Flexible trip cable A flexible trip cable pro
7. motion Also used to compensate for a lack of ambient lighting the actual increase in gt nn exposure time obtained with the lower speed is equivalent to an extra half stop Speed settings of 24 48 and 64 f p s provide increasingly slower motion effects The action of the speed control is continuously variable that is all intermediate speeds are obtainable The operator can change Stop setting 1417 2 24 28 34 _ m at will from accelerated to slow motion throughout the filmed scene However it should be borne in mind that by altering the speed exposure times are simultaneously modified and accordingly the stop settings should be adjusted in accordance with the following table ee Assuming the exposure meter reads 5 6 at 18 f p s that is an exposure time of 1 50 second then if the speed setting is altered during shooting the following stop settings are found along the same line between the two arrows BU ASENDIS 1 E 3 4 AL 24 DiS So sos 1 4437 at TED E 6 3 6 Shooting A Tripping Everything is set diaphragm setting focu sing speed But before you press on the trigger release have you got the right hold on your camera a Camera without grip attachment Camera held in right hand palm of left hand pressed against lid fingers wrapped over the camera Right elbow against the body Rubber eyepiece
8. without masking the lens Lap dissolve procedure Fade out counting the seconds work out the number of frames corresponding to the elapsed time e g 4 seconds at TS 72 sirames Set the frame counter index to 72 and reel back to zero Re start feeding in the new scene during a period of time equal to that of the fade out sequence Other application of the variable aperture shutter The variable aperture shutter affects the exposure time and consequantly modifies the amount of light gated to the film By suitably combining shutter adjustment and diaphragming the recorded images can be accurately controlled For example one may without altering the film speed saving of film material shoot mobile objects racing cars horses etc by cutting down the exposure time shutter to half closed position Sharper images will result Naturally the diaphrag setting will have to be increased by one graduation aperture doubled Increasing the lens stop entails a decrease of field depth permitting soft or hazy 18 effects with subject in sharp focus in out of focus background The variable aperture shutter can also be used to veduce the amount of light case of high light intensity and fast emulsions With the variable aperture knob set to the half closed position one full stop setting can be gained without recourse to neutral grey filters of doubtful speed factor As you gradual
9. 100 of the light gated by the objective reaches the viewer s eye Hence the term of ultra luminous used to define the Beaulieu system This plus feature permits accurate and comfor table focusing even at very small stops The unique characteristics of the Beaulieu Reflex system warrant a few additional explanations If Beaulieu had utilized a straight reflex system whereby the image is directed from the mirror directly to the observer s eye aerial image the image though very luminous would lack definition at certain ranges so that focusing would be difficult to achieve especially with long focal length lenses Beaulieu uses a ground glass field lens placed between the viewfinder eyepiece and the mirror This lens freezes the picture giving optimum definition at selected ranges To prove this point Set your camera for tele lens shooting set focusing range ring to co opposite red mark point camera STOP SETTINGS AT 18 F P S Sun slightly loudless noon c obscured or sum sunlight fore 11 a m and e a m to4p m after 4 p m Subject Lighting jes B A B Bright snow front Sn E ES clouds sand side m 8 f 125i 63 i127 beach against Hoht 11 5 618 0 Eero a Light sea front 8 IE 12 5 5 6 f 11 flowers against side __ 16 3 tou AE IO Ea skyscape against light A REN TE O ESS asno scape flowers qe 5 6 f nase
10. against lawn WW 7 se a Dark in shadows side og ETS Column A film speed range 10 to 12 ASA 22 23 Scheiner mer sunlight be Sun obscured Sun obscured by by white clouds heavy clouds f 4 x X FEA x Er Ta LETS Ener EAS x x META E gt Ha x x i ES A er ery x Xx gt O Kodak Panchro Kodachrome Daylight Gevaert Micropan Super Pan Gevaert Column B film speed range 32 to 40 ASA ou 27 28 Scheiner Kodak Super X Lumiere Lumipan Ferrania 28 If the required stop setting is not marked on the lens the aperture can be set by rough approxi mation opening is gradual The letter x indicates that for obtaining an accurate stop setting a photo cell exposure meter is essential 9 at sky If you normally wear glasses you can take them off Simply adjust eyepiece to your sight rotating ring 2 to obtain maximum definition of grain pattern of ground glass Your eyepiece is now adjusted to your eyesight providing optimum vision with all lenses Now point at an object within short range say 3 meters The focusing ring being set to infinity the image viewed in the viewfinder will be out of focus Gradually adjust the focusing ring the object will come into clear focus and finally assume optimum definition If you overshoot the point of optimum focusing the image will again become hazy Return to the point of accurate focusing Yo
11. arying the diameter of the aperture the luminous flux can be accurately dosed to assure correct tone or color render ing Too much light results in over exposure too little light in under exposure How to estimate correct exposure a Photo cell exposure meters Whenever possible use an exposure meter When the window of the photo sensitive cell is pointed at the object to be filmed the meter registers the amount of reflected light in the form of stop readings To simplify matters most meters are cali brated on the assumption that a continuous film speed of 16 or 18 frames per second f p s corresponds to an exposure of 1 32 second per frame a speed of 24 f p s corresponding to 1 48 or 1 50 second However few cameras are actually timed on that basis The R 8 for one is timed to give a 1 50 seconde exposure at 18 f p s Consequently the 1 50 second setting provided on all exposure meter scales will be used as the reference value when the 18 f p s speed setting is employed At other speed settings the exposure will be 12 Ep Sam 1 30 Sec per frame 18 1 50 24 1 70 48 1 140 64 1 180 If after processing the films show consistent over or under exposure the exposure meter should be verified by a specialist b Stop setting chart In the absence of an exposure meter the stop settings indicated in the chart of page 9 provide a fair meth
12. d the amount of shutter gating from maximum opening to total masking This special feature of the Beaulieu R 8 permits lap dissolves from one scene to another or one range to another Shutter variation is controlled by a lever 7 Forward movement causes the shutter to close Rearward movement to open The lever can be locked in the following positions shutter open shutter half open shutter closed 2 sliding shutters Camera lens Gate window Face b Control lever closing or opening shutter gap To lock lever push knob towardsjlever axis To unlock push knob away from lever axis 15 a Fading in fading out With this facility a scene can be ended by gradually dimming the images to total blanking and conversely to start a scene with images gradually emerging from com plete darkness into normal brightness Lap dissolve effects should preferably be achieved with the camera mounted on its tripod so as to be able to concentrate on the operation of the variable aperture system Fade out Release lever from the shutter open setting Press on trip release and adjust variable aperture lever by pushing it home smoothly and gradually Film drive will then automatically stop The operation theoretically takes 4 seconds hence the O 1 2 3 4 markings on the hub disc Start the operation with the zero count and try to keep count and markings red index in step Once the operation
13. d up fully turning in a clockwise direction Do not wind beyond stop limits Again pivot the crank handle 180 about its hub turn anticlockwise to bring handle to locking stud Open camera lid by unlocking knob 13 in direction indicated Remove empty spool supplied with camera Reel out 30 to 40 cm of non exposed film and place film spool over its spindle ph 3 16 Check that locating lug 17 is correctly engaged into spool square recess Pull out slightly the floating pressure plate 19 and insert film between plate and gate 20 after threading it along arrow indicated path over upper roller 18 The film also passes between the gate and the film guide 21 and over the lower roller 22 Check that film is well engaged in the gate the pressure plate should snugly press upon the gate Bend end of film in the shape of a clip of 1 to 2 cm length Insert into slot of hub of empty spool Wrap tightly 3 or 4 turns of film over spool hub 6 Pull counter feeler clear of film by means of lever 24 and place empty spool over take up spool spindle 23 positioning locating lug as in the case of the feeding spool Release trip button o to run a few cm of film and check that everything is in order Close camera lid SI a Press on locking knob 13 b Turn locking knob clockwise Fold key down flush with camera body 2 Lens Selection A If your camera is a Beaulieu Model M R 8 I
14. ec or I minute intervals depend ing on the required speed The growth of a plant may consist of a series of shots taken for instance every 24 hours Proceed as follows Screw into external release brushing 8 the flexible trip cable press on trip control Note that for animation work the R 8 camera must be mounted on a tripod and a flexible trip cable used to assure absolute stability For individual frame filming the following exposure times will be used at 12 f p s 1 60 second at 18 f p s 1100 second Note Before proceeding to individual frame shooting set variable aperture lever to half open position otherwise trip cable cannot be screwed on bushing Above time settings assume that variable aperture lever in on that position 19 HI AMATEUR MOVIE MAKING BASICS A film consists of a series of scenes which themselves consist of a succession images The Scene Remember the golden rule of unity unity of place unity of time unity of action Unity of Place Restrict your filming to a specific portion of terrain that portion which is framed in your viewfinder and no other This will in theory exclude panning side or vertical motion of the camera used and abused by beginners If you film a wide field scene break it down into successive static scenes If you must pan over please bear in mind that 1 The primary purpose of panning is to link up to fixed scene
15. es 100 should be added to the reading observed Reelup knob Lug on lid closing knob clutching out counter when lid is removed Feeder spool j Take up spool Merits of Beaulieu frame counter The frame counter is driven directly by the film film running can therefore be moni tored on the counter which also provides a means of checking whether the film is completely spent before unloading Reeling up reverse film drive Reeling up is carried out by means of crank 12 which once pulled out directly clutches into the spindle of the feeder spool The crank is then turned in the direction shown by the arrow reeling up the required number of frames monitored on frame counter Note that the reel may offer a certain amount of slack about the hub of the feeder spool This does not effect correct ope ration However it may be necessary to take up the slack by giving the crank a few turns When the reeling up operation is completed fold crank ring down A Unique Beaulieu R 8 Feature The lens never requires masking during reeling up Two cases may occur motor spring spent film driving spro cket projects in the film gate blocking the reeling up mechanism The spring mechanism should be wound up 1 2 turn will do bringing the shutter to the closed position and retracting the sprocket spring not quite spent shutter is then 17 closed sprocket retracted Reeling up can take place
16. is completed the lever can be locked in the shutter closed position so as to avoid accidental re starting Fade in This is the reverse operation It can imme diately follow a fade out or be used without previous fade out to introduce a new scene 16 Unlock lever from shutter closed position press on trip release and bring lever back counting the seconds Lock the lever Naturally these operations can be performed over a period of time shorter or longer than the usual 4 seconds depending on the desired effect b Lap dissolyes Lap dissolves provide a transition between two scenes by super imposing double exposure the two scenes during a certain period of time simultaneously fading one scene out and fading the new scene in Lap dissolves entail the use of the frame counter 14 and reeling back or reverse drive Frame counter The frame counter is actuated by a pinion meshing into the perforations of the film see fig c The forward or reverse motion of the film causes the rotation of the pinion and associated counter The system pro vides frame by frame readings of strict accuracy A knob 15 projecting over the center of the dial escutcheon positions a red index line to zero frame reading or any other reading so that the number of spent frames over a given period of shooting can be readily evaluated Note that the dial readings are from 1 to 100 and that for prolonged scen
17. ly 5 eee eee wide angle normal telephoto assuring three fields of different span The lens to be used should be in the upper position on the turret Proceed as follows to bring it to its operating position Hold the camera with the left hand Disengage turret locking pawl by pressing on it with the thumb of the right hand Simulta neously the fore or middle finger of the right hand pushes one of the three lenses rotating the turret clockwise The locking pawl can now be released Continue to apply pressure to the lenses without forcing until the turret locks into the next indexing position The upper lens will then be automatically set in the corre working position Lenses are interchan geable ason the M R 8 The turret accepts all lenses with standard mounts Relative lens position on the turret is immaterial Extension tubes and rings Designed for macrocinematography work these lens extensions permit close up filming of very small items making them appear on the film larger than normally visible to the eye A complete set of extension tubes and rings may be obtained from any exclusive Beau lieu agent They are made in combination form so that they may be mounted either on 8 mm or 16 mm cameras 6 3 Diaphragm Setting Diaphragms have a light gating function They form circular orifices of variable aperture controlling the amount of light impinging on the sensitive surface of the film By v
18. ly master these notions and gain experience you will no doubt become an R 8 expert always striving to get the best of your camera s unique possibilities with the assistance of the variable aperture shutter Super impression Super impression deliberate double or multi exposure may prove of great value when filming say firework displays to provide a striking impression of widespread pyro technics The prime advantage of the R 8 s total reelup is that it permits part or total film super impression Also the feature permits the substitution for an unfinished black and white filin of a color film and conversely This is accomplished by reeling up the impressed length counting the number of frames When the film is again utilized the film is run with the lens duly masked through an equal number of frames You are then ready again to shoot the balance of unexposed film on the reel 2 Animation This technique consitss in snapping a series of still pictures of an object or scene the elements of which are slightly displaced between each successive still so as to produce motion when the film is screened The technique is used for the production of animated cartoons or to reproduce over a short period of time phenomena that normally take place over an extended period of time For instance changing cloudscapes can be filmed as a series of separate snap shots at Io sec 30 s
19. n common with all Beaulieu cameras your Model M R 8 can be equipped with any standard lens with type C mount 15 8 mm dia 32 threads inch normalized thread ing length not exceeding 3 8 mm If your camera is equipped with a normal lens 12 5 mm focal length for 8 mm size films you can tackle most subjects Howe ver putting the interchangeability feature of your camera to good use you can also employ a comprehensive range of extra lenses of different field angles For ins tance wide angle lenses focal length of approx 6 mm that cover a wide field of vision and a telephoto lens 35 mm and even 50 mm focal length which covers only a restricted span of vision but magnifies and scans the details of the scene There is an optimum lens for every scene optimize your movies by using the lens most suitable for the scene If your M R 8 is equipped with a variable focal length lens This type of objective combines in one single lens the features of the normal range of fixed focal length lenses There is accordingly no need for prior lens selection the operator simply chooses the most suitable field angle wide normal telephoto and all intermediate ranges from observation through the viewfinder and sets it by means of the knurled ring on the lens B If your carrera is a Model T R 8 In that case the turret is equipped with 3 lenses of different focal length general
20. od of estimation With practice you will acquire a flair for correct light evaluation and will no longer need to refer to the chart See facing table 4 Focusing and Framing Having selected your subject and decided on a suitable lens and disphragm setting you are about to proceed with the subject focusing and framing part of the job This operation is capital for the success and quality of the film You have in the R 8 a camera equipped with a remarkable reflex viewfinder designed to assure superior focusing and framing Focusing is responsible for the definition of the recorded image It is based on a correct estimation of distance With non reflex cameras the distance from camera to subject is assessed in meters or feet and set on the focusing ring of the lens This method is generally adequate but does not guarantee correct results Correct range appreciation is often difficult to achieve and such errors will be apparent on the film The operator may also be over hasty and be satisfied with a rough approximation when he does not completely forget to set the range Now definition is generally constant when the subject is within the 30 meter and over range At short range this is no longer true With a longer focal lens a subject which is sharply focussed at 3 50 m kill be less sharp at 4 m out of focus at 5 m The Beaulieu Reflex Viewfinder system does away with any possibility of range setting error The p
21. ons are modified Viewfinder ocular focusing Lens stop adjustment 1 Viewfinder focusing and framing Focusing and framing are accomplished in exactly the same way as for the normal R 8 The only difference lies in the adjustment of the viewfinder ocular Set the ocular focusing ring to the o index Aim at the sky The ocular is adjusted by means of knob 2 which replaces the viewfinder adjustment lever Rotate the knob while aiming at the Sky to obtain optimum definition on the grainy surface of the ground glass if you normally wear glasses you may take them off for this adjustment and subsequent filming Once the ocular is correctly focused lock the control knob by means of the lock knob provided over the knurled ring 2 Diaphragm adjustment The new system permits the utilization of lenses and filters of all types The built in viewfinder photocell takes care of correc tions The principle is also applicable to micro and macro filming Indeed in those two cases the built in photocell proves of advantage because normally the addi tion of extension tubes and sleeves entails diaphragm corrections which have to be computed beforehand Here correction is simply applied by bringing the viewfinder pointer against the index mark 1 Before using the camera check the charge of the battery proceed as follows Set selector switch to TEST yellow dot en index Adjust potentiometer by b
22. oo much light The galvanometer pointer deflects full right not enough light In either case act on the stop control ring to return pointer to index mark You can now proceed with filming all the while maintaining correct exposure condi tions The pointer must be kept against the index mark The following table shows the correspondence between the various film speeds ASA Scheiner DIN 10 2I 11 10 12 22 12 10 16 23 13 10 20 24 14 10 25 25 15 10 32 26 16 10 40 27 17 10 50 28 18 10 64 29 19 10 80 30 20 10 100 21 21 10 120 32 22 10 160 33 23 10 320 36 26 10 400 37 27 10 IMPORTANT Prior to fading in a scene adjust the dia phragm with the shutter on the wide open position so that at the end of the fade in the pointer has returned to its normal posi tion against the index mark If you wish to film without reference to the built in photocell you may use the table page 11 However you must allow for the tact that shutter speeds should be modified as follows Shutter speed f p s Exposure time fap sS wei sec 40 SET P S sr sec f 2 24 pss SE 85 8 E ps Da sec a 175 APIS TURD 240 and for single frame filming E2 p S I sec 40 18 f p s E 65 44 f D 8 I and over Bo
23. rinciple of operation is the following Having traversed the lens the light flux is stopped bet ween the lens and the film by a shutter curtain A 7 mirror is mounted at 45 relatively to the focal plane on the shutter see fig a The mirror receives the light and reflects it to a ground glass The eye applied to the eyepiece of the viewfinder system examines the image through a lens with a magnifiying power of x 20 Sketch of the R 8 Reflex Viewfinder Three surface magnified viewing lens reflector prism Polished AE wit 4 field lens Ur Set Adjustable eyepiece Film When in operation the aperture between the two shutter curtains is variable Mirrors are attached to two sliding type shutter curtains at 45 angle Camera lens Face a The sliding type shutter then retracts clear of the light path and the image impresses the sensitive surface of the film In step with the film actuating motion the shutter rises the mirror catches the image reflects it to the operator s eye again retracts free 8 tm of the light path unmasking the film the sequence being repeated at a rapid rate 18 24 48 times per second depending on the speed setting This constitutes what is known as reflex viewfinding the operator viewing exactly that image which is actually being impressed on the film The Beaulieu Reflex system offers one outstanding advantage
24. ringing yellow index within 25 5 ASA range Aim ak light surface The viewfinder pointer should come to rest against the center index or to the left of the index If the pointer deflects to the right change the two cells This can be done with the camera in the loaded condition because the battery case is located outside the camera There is no risk of spoiling the film To open the battery case give the lock but ton a half turn and take out the two spent cells Replace them by two fresh cells fitting them into the case wider side up The two cells are always changed in sets of 2 They are of the Mallory RMO EE as used in deaf aid appliances Beaulieu dealers stock them They ensure roo hours of conti nuous service The selector switch located at the rear of the Reflex Control bulge precludes premature discharging Just re member to set the knob to OFF red dot against index before shelving the camera The battery should be replaced at least once a year even if the camera has not been used in the meanwhile EEN 2 Filming bY Set selector switch to ON red dot against index Adjust potentiometer according to film ASA rating by bringing the film sensitivity setting against the shutter speed used In the case of film speed ratings other than those indicated by the calibration use inter mediate positions Aim and if The galvanometer pointer deflects full left t
25. s 2 Panning must be performed very slowly 90 i e a quarter traverse in 15 seconds Unity of Time Beginners tend to shoot away to switch too rapidly from one scene to another 20 The result is a series of disconnected flashes Minimum scene length at 18 f p s should be 3 to 4 seconds Make it a habit to count mentally the seconds while filming a scene Maximum duration for a given scene should not exceed 8 to Io seconds unless the scene is of exceptional interest Unity of Action Interest must always be centered on a group person or object Do not scatter interest by crowding too many people or objects into the scene Picture Quality Close Ups 8 mm filming thrives on close ups The pictures should be as large as possible Do not try to pack in the whole horizon Your picture should be unburdened and simply composed Distant landscapes are disappointing Close ups never are Level Pictures Your pictures should be level Use hori zontal and vertical items in the scene Keep them parallel with your viewfinder Stable Pictures Every movement of the operator is reflected often amplified on screening steady your hold whenever possible by supporting your arm or the camera on a static object This is in particular essential when a tele lens is used Under such conditions the Beaulieu R 8 reflex viewfinder assures you films of exceptional quality Good Picture Definition
26. single lens or turret assembly features an annular photocell built into the view finder A unique feature of this system is that the photocell can utilize the light trans mitted through the glound glass lens 1 Photocell utilizing light through the lens 2 Three surlace reflecting prism 3 Galvanometer 4 To cells o 5 To galvano 6 Moving pointer 7 Index mark 8 Unpolished groundglass 9 Mirror The ee between the pr shulters rable Twila fia 10 Two sliding type shutters 11 3d safety shutter The photocell Amplifier Unit is energized by 1 3 volt mercury cells stored in a case placed at the back of the camera An exter nal switch controls three positions OFF red dot TEST yellow dot ON green dot mn The photocell dri ves as a function of light intensity a shockproof galvanometer of special design The pointer of this galvanome ter moves within the viewfinder A potentiometer connected in the energizing circuit of the galvanometer provides the means of adjusting the system in accordance with film and shutter speeds An external control potentiometer is provided for the purpose at the rear of the camera This control is graduated in film speed up to 400 ASA and shutter speed values OPERATING PROCEDURE Use the camera exactly in the same manner as any other R 8 model except for view finder and stop adjustments In other words the following operati
27. u will now note that the background is out of focus Actually this contrast between the definition of the selected subject and the softness of the other levels is respon sible for the 3 D impression that adds quality to your images This short practical approach to spatial appreciation has we think brought out for you the unparallelled advantages of Beaulieu reflex viewfinding you retain at all times complete visual mastery over your filming You can while filming shift the focus from ane subject to another oragain gra 10 dually bring that subject into focus to introduce a dramatic touch Screening will bring no unpleasant surprises since you were perfectly aware of what the scene looked like to the camera when you were actually filming Naturally framing problems are automa tically solved unless deliberately introduced chopped heads and poorly centered objects will never be found in your films 5 Filming Speeds Filming speed is the number of frames per second moving past the objective normal speed 16 f s p However the 16 f p s rate is not indicated on the speed setting knob 10 which has an 18 f p s setting Why Because it was observed that by slightly increasing the f p s setting picture quality was improved You will find that shooting at 18 f p s assures improved screening smoothness Other speed settings are provided 12 f p s for moderate accelerated
28. vided with the camera screws into the internal threading of the trip button Intermittent or conti nuous trip control can then be assured by means of the flexible cable The cable is used whenever the camera is tripod operated or when the camera must be kept absolutely still Anti trip locking Push the variable aperture shutter lever 7 fully home B Film running time With the drive mechanism fully wound total running time is 30 seconds at the rate of 18 f p s You should get into the habit of winding up the motor after each scene so as always to have some driving power in reserve The black and white or color film which you load into your camera is known as a double eight film That is the film has an overall width of 16 mm but is only impressed in two successive strips of 8 mm width the reel being inverted after the first length has been impressed Actual reel length is 7 50 m overall impressed track length 15m The two half strips are subsequently separated and spliced into one 8 mm film for screening Film running is monitored by means of a footage counter providing in meters ear dout 5 or feet readout 4 indications of the remaining length of film available for impression Counter actuation is controlled by a feeler finger 24 fixed to the shaft and which gradually moves away from the hub of the take up spool as its load increases Filming effectively begins immediately the red
29. with this advanced cine camera Beginners are also given a few hints and tips on how to avoid the usual technical mistakes of neophyte cameramen Finally a special chapter is devoted to vital advice on how to maintain your camera in perfect condition Naturally enough this small handbook will not provide answers to all the technical problems which you will meet as your skill increases This will be the task of your Beaulieu Cinema agent Beaulieu agents are appointed on the strength of their technical competence and service ability They will be delighted to oblige I GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Preliminaries I Load your camera with a standard 7 50 m spool If your camera is a type T R 8 3 lens turret select lens to suit scene to be shot 3 Estimate light intensity of the scene either by means of photocell lightmeter or from table on page 9 This data will be used to adjust the diaphragm setting 4 Frame scene by looking through the viewfinder Focus by means of the range ring on the lens 5 Set filming speed to required value 6 Trip release button and begin shooting N 1 R8 Loading Procedure IMPORTANT Never run an unloaded camera at more than 24 frames second Loading is performed under conditions of dimmed lighting Select a dark or shaded spot for this operation 4 Free the winding crank handle 3 from the fixing stud Pivot crank through 180 about its hub and win
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