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Avaya Configuring SNMP, RMON, BOOTP, DHCP, and RARP Services User's Manual

1. 4 BOOTP relay El J m 3 Server transmits agent transmits E BOOTREPLY BOOTREPLY packet to BOOTP k lient FOSSE Router BOOTP relay agent relay agent SNM0003A Figure 2 5 BOOTP Client and Server on Different Physical Networks The client transmits a BOOTREQUEST packet to the IP broadcast address 255 255 255 255 The router receives the BOOTREQUEST packet at an interface that you configured to receive BOOTREQUEST packets an input interface If the BOOTREQUEST packet has an address other than 255 255 255 255 the router drops the packet Figure 2 6 shows the fields in the BOOTREQUEST and BOOTREPLY packets 2 26 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts I Hardware address Operation 1 Hardware type 1 length 1 Hops 1 Transaction ID 4 Seconds 2 Flags 2 Client IP address 4 Your IP address 4 Server IP address 4 Gateway IP address 16 Client hardware address 16 Server name 64 File name 128 Vendor specific area 64 The number in parentheses indicates the number of octets in each field SNMO0001A Figure 2 6 BOOTREQUEST and BOOTREPLY Fields The packet relay process uses these fields as follows 1 2 When a router interface receives a BOOTREQUEST packet the router examines the seconds and hops fields in the packet and compares these values to BOOTP parameters you configure
2. ussuusss 5 7 Creating a BOOTP Client Interfaces Table iie mice tet ehe tn intr rin teo eder iias 5 7 Specitving the Glient IP Addrese 41 ir eet en on Deci bb etn e a d erede 5 7 Specifying the DLCI Number ere ido duae ek Aus us DOSING Oetvers OF BOOTP SOIVIGES siisii niaaa SOES 5 8 Configuring BOOTP Preferred SOFVOlS 1ssuissc didattici ndun hada QUE REED ater La kd 5 8 Speocitying the Relay Agent IP Address seisein 5 8 Specifying the Target Server IP Address soricina 5 9 Specifying the Target Server s Host Name sese 5 9 Disabling Mhe Forwarding ROWIE RETEEIETET TTE E oS 5 9 Filtering BOOTP and DHGP Packets Lacie cocci err ta pede rr Ein ENAN 5 9 Deleting the BOOTP Relay Agent from an IP Interface sssesessss 5 10 Beer lp e Ems 5 10 Chapter 6 Customizing DHCP Customizing DHCP Tara GIG IS iirin aan ai 6 1 Specifying Interfaces to Receive and Relay DHCP Packets sssssss 6 1 opecitvingoervers tor DHCP Services cocci iaa beu bade ea aie 6 2 Deleting DHCP fom amn IP MENACE em e hee entwieceriecal eia 6 2 Belta DAOP GODAI saina RU ERI RE 6 2 114070 Rev B Chapter 7 Customizing RARP CUBIOMNIZIIG ere uiri rc EE T M 7 1 Disabling and Reenabling RARP Interfaces sessssssseseeeseeeeeeeeennent 7 1 Denning the RARP Tia sre rS 7 2 speciving the Clients MAG Address 22 rci et es r
3. 114070 Rev B A 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services SNMP Global Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure SNMP global parameters in the Configuration Manager window Enable Configuration Manager Protocols IP SNMP Global Enable Enable Disable Specifies the state of the SNMP agent on all interfaces that support IP Select Enable to enable the SNMP agent select Disable to disable the SNMP agent 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 1 Use Lock Configuration Manager Protocols IP SNMP Global Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the agent responds to multiple network management stations issuing simultaneous SNMP set commands to the router When you set this parameter to Enable the agent identifies the station from which it receives the next SNMP set command and for a time equal to the value of the Lock TimeOut parameter responds only to SNMP set commands from that station If the agent receives an SNMP set command from another network management station during this time it issues an SNMP genErr GetResponse PDU which that station logs as an SNMP SET ERROR message Select Enable to prohibit the agent from responding to simultaneous SNMP commands from multiple network management stations 1 3 6 1
4. 7 N k Optivity or eae p third party station loci oe l collection SURG Workstation module software C DCM Router Imm Ethernet LAN segment lt WAN Workstation Router RMON data collection module DCM Ethernet LAN segment SNMO0011A Figure 2 2 Sample RMON Configuration 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services RMON Architecture The Bay Networks implementation of RMON consists of the BayStack AN or BayStack ANH base module a data collection module DCM data collection module middleware DCMMW and the DCM Flash memory module Figure 2 3 Base module SNM0010A Figure 2 3 Bay Networks RMON Architecture The Ethernet DCM physically connects to the BayStack AN or BayStack ANH base module The Ethernet DCM contains a Flash memory module for its own boot image and configuration file The Ethernet DCM runs the RMON agent software that e Gathers statistics by monitoring packets on an Ethernet segment e Stores the information according to the RMON MIB specification in compliance with RFC 1757 To communicate with the RMON agent software on the Ethernet DCM the BayStack AN or BayStack ANH uses a software subsystem called the DCMMW This software subsystem enables and configures an installed Ethernet DCM and allows you to modify the Ethernet DCM configuration boot the Ethernet DCM and disable the Ethernet DCM using Site
5. You calculate the total memory in bytes you need for the host data as follows 105 value of the RMON Max Host parameter HostTopN Group To save memory and increase performance there is no default configuration for the HostTopN group You must create HostTopN configurations through your RMON network management application You can create as many HostTopN configurations as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations Note Before you create a HostTopN configuration you must create a Host configuration Each HostTopN configuration requires 164 bytes The HostTopN data requires 10 bytes of memory per host address the Ethernet DCM detects on a segment 114070 Rev B 2 21 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services You calculate the total memory in bytes you need for the HostTopN data as follows 10 value of the RMON Max Host parameter Refer to the previous section for information about setting the RMON Max Host parameter Matrix Group When you enable the Ethernet DCM the default setting Disabled will not set up the RMON Default Matrix parameter on the Ethernet DCM To create a Matrix configuration set the RMON Default Matrix parameter to Enable before you enable the Ethernet DCM refer to Connecting AN and ANH Systems to a Network for details Some RMON network management applications expect the DCM to set up a Matrix configuration while others set up their own config
6. 114070 Rev B 2 15 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services e The event that takes place when a rising threshold is crossed e The event that takes place when a falling threshold is crossed You can specify thresholds for numeric variables such as integer counter gauge or TimeTick Event Group The Event group allows for the generation of an SNMP trap the generation of a log entry or both for any event you choose An event can occur when the sample variable exceeds the alarm threshold or a channel match event generated on an Ethernet DCM Traps can be delivered by the RMON agent to multiple management stations For information on setting trap destinations refer to Chapter 3 You can set up events to either record the monitoring information or to notify the network management station The Event group includes an Event Table and a Log Table The Event Table defines the notification that takes place when an event is triggered One form of notification is to write an entry in the Log Table Each entry in the Event Table identifies an event that can be triggered and indicates an action such as writing a log entry to the Log Table or sending an SNMP trap to the network management station The event can trigger any of the following actions e The system sends an SNMP trap to the network management station e The management station is notified immediately The management station determines how to react to the SNM
7. Select Info if you want medium threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action Select Warning if you want medium threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred Select Debug if you want medium threshold exceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 8 A 10 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Threshold High Value Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds 0 Any integer value Sets the value of the high threshold for this variable Specify the level at which you want the agent to generate a high threshold exception event 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 9 Threshold High Event Level Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds Info Info Warning Debug Specifies the severity level of the event message the agent generates when a variable exceeds the high threshold Select Info if you want high threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action Select Warning if you want high threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred Select Debug if you want high threshold ex
8. This chapter tells you how to start SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP services and configure them on an IP interface using the default parameter values It also describes how to start RMON remote monitoring for data collection by enabling the Ethernet data collection module DCM with a default configuration SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP services all use the Internet Protocol IP for message transport To use any of them on a router interface you must enable IP services on that interface For detailed background information about these protocols and how they work refer to Chapter 2 For information on how to customize these protocols by changing their default values refer to Chapters 3 through 7 For information about changing the default settings refer to Appendix A Before You Begin Before you can start SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP services on a router you must e Create and save a configuration file e Retrieve the configuration file in local remote or dynamic mode Specify router hardware if this is a local mode configuration If you have any questions about how to perform any of these preliminary tasks refer to Configuring Routers 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the management information base MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager
9. ssssssssseneeeeeeene 4 6 Viewing and Analyzing Statistics Using Optivity sessssseeeees 4 7 Usmo privity Analysis wIE BON iii adeste ted Ri gale takes pado Re tu Md p indiana aa i 4 7 Using Optivity LAN with RMON inse hi Erin e a cce a d Ca el Rd 4 10 Threshold Manager TOO NOD 4 10 giten ril di e 4 11 viii 114070 Rev B Chapter 5 Customizing BOOTP Customizing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters uiii cnn reau rra tite spannen 5 1 Disabling and Reenabling BOOTP pP cence 5 1 Specifying Maximum Number of Hops from Client to Server ssssuse 5 2 Specifying a Minimum TImeout Valle 2e e trek tH Draht f a nce Er inet 5 2 Filtering Unwanted BOOTP and DHCP Packets ssssessseeees 5 2 Setting Up the Routing Path between the BOOTP Server and the Routers 5 3 Enabling BOOTP on Router Interfaces ccsescccceseceeseeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeneeeeaas 5 3 Specifying Interfaces to Receive and Relay BOOTREQUEST Packets 5 5 Creating a BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table ssssssesees 5 5 Specifying the IP Interface Input Output Address Pair seessssse 5 5 Deleting an IP Interface Input Output Address Pair ssssssse se Disabling BOOTP Route Forwarding ront iba rettet Earn t anre tate n 5 6 Configuring an AN to Use EZ Install over a Frame Relay PVC
10. CompusServe Bay Networks forum on xxii Index configuring DHCP parameters 6 1 SNMP community parameters 3 3 SNMP managers 3 5 SNMP trap exceptions 3 9 SNMP traps 3 7 SNMP thresholds 3 10 Customer Service FTP xxi customer support xix customer support programs xx customizing BOOTP relay agent parameters 5 1 DCM parameters 4 2 DHCP parameters 6 1 RARP parameters 7 1 SNMP global parameters 3 1 D data collection module middleware DCMMW 2 12 DCM boot image 4 2 customizing parameters 4 2 to 4 5 defaults for BOOTP and DHCP parameters B 4 to B 5 for DCM global parameters B 3 for RARP parameters B 5 for SNMP parameters B 1 deleting BOOTP globally 5 10 DCMMW software 4 5 DHCP globally 6 2 114070 Rev B Index 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services trap exceptions 3 10 RARP services 7 3 SNMP managers 3 7 DHCP customizing parameters 6 1 deleting from an IP interface 6 2 deleting globally 6 2 enabling on an interface 1 6 overview 2 29 packets 2 32 to 2 34 servers 2 29 specifying servers for 6 2 starting 1 6 DHCP parameters defaults B 4 to B 5 disabling globally RARP 7 3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See DHCP E Enable Disable parameter for RARP 7 3 enabling IP services 1 2 SNMP services 1 2 Statistics group 2 13 event messages 2 5 format 2 9 protocol entities 2 5 severity levels 2 6 exceptions deleting 3 1
11. Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Router Software Version 11 01 Site Manager Software Version 5 01 Part No 114070 Rev B February 1997 rS Bay Networks Bay Networks 4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara CA 95054 Billerica MA 01821 Copyright 1988 1997 Bay Networks Inc All rights reserved Printed in the USA February 1997 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notice for All Other Executive Agencies Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Gover
12. Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services SNMP Community Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure SNMP community parameters in the SNMP Community window Community Name Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities gt Community gt Add Community Edit Community None Any string of printable ASCII characters up to 63 characters in length including embedded spaces Specifies the name of the SNMP community Enter the SNMP community name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 2 1 3 Access Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities gt Community gt Add Community Edit Community Read Only Read Only Read Write Specifies the access privileges that the router grants to all members of this SNMP community Select Read Only to allow members of this community to only view configuration and performance information about this router Select Read Write to allow members of this community to both view configuration and performance information about this router and to change the router s configuration 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 2 1 4 A 4 114070 Rev B SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions SNMP Manager Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Funct
13. By default the IP address 0 0 0 0 is a manager in the public community Note When you add the first IP interface Site Manager automatically creates a read write public community with a wildcard manager 0 0 0 0 For security reasons we recommend that you replace the public community and wildcard manager with a unique community specifying a limited list of managers To add a manager to a particular community 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities The SNMP Community List window opens Select the community to which you want to add managers Select Community Managers The SNMP Manager List window for that community opens Select Manager Add Manager The Add SNMP Manager window opens Enter the IP address of the SNMP manager you want to add Click on OK 114070 Rev B 3 5 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Configuring a Manager to Receive Traps After you add a manager to a community you can configure the manager to receive traps by specifying its UDP port number and the types of traps the agent transmits to that manager When you configure a manager to receive specific traps or all traps refer to Table 3 1 the router sends this manager all enabled event traps There is no MIB correspondence between a specific SNMP manager and a trap entity Rather all SNMP managers that you configure to receive specific traps receive all traps y
14. MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Threshold Max Successive Alarms Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds 5 Any integer value Specifies the maximum number of successive alarms that the agent generates for this variable A successive alarm represents two or more polling periods when the agent generates an alarm as a result of an exception at the same threshold level Specify the maximum number of successive alarms When the agent exceeds the maximum number of alarms it marks the threshold as held The agent generates no more alarms until the variable either crosses the threshold at a different level or crosses no threshold for the number of polling intervals equal to the value of the Threshold HoldDown Intervals parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 14 Threshold HoldDown Intervals Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Thresholds gt Thresholds 1 Any integer value Specifies the number of exception free polling intervals through which a variable in a held state must pass before the variable is no longer considered held Specify the number of exception free polling intervals The lower the number you select the more likely the agent is to generate repetitive event messages for a variable that is intermittently exceeding thresholds 1 3 6
15. Module DCM Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether or not to create the RMON host control table at every boot Some RMON network management applications expect the DCM to set up a host configuration Others enable and disable their own configurations during normal operations Note that the DCM allows only one instance of the host control table Select Enable to create the RMON host control table at the next and every subsequent reboot Select Disable to disable default creation of the RMON host control table at boot time 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 13 RMON Default Matrix Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM Enable Enable Disable Relates to the RMON Matrix group Specifies whether or not to create the RMON matrix control table at every boot Some RMON network management applications expect the DCM to set up a Matrix configuration Others enable and disable their own configurations during normal operations Select Enable to create the RMON matrix control table at the next and every subsequent reboot Select Disable to disable default creation of the RMON matrix control table at boot time 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 14 A 18 114070 Rev B SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions BOOTP and DHCP Parameters Use the following guidelines to configure BOOTP and DHCP parameters in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window BOOTP Relay Age
16. network Customizing DHCP Parameters After you have enabled DHCP services on a router refer to Chapter 1 you can customize the router software for your specific requirements Use the remaining sections in this chapter as a guide Specifying Interfaces to Receive and Relay DHCP Packets You must specify a forwarding route for DHCP packets by defining a relationship between an interface you configure to receive DHCP packets and an interface you want to transmit DHCP packets When you define this type of relationship the interface pair appears in the BOOTP relay agent forwarding table Refer to Specifying Interfaces to Receive and Relay BOOTREQUEST Packets in Chapter 5 for instructions 114070 Rev B 6 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To allow DCHP operation be sure to set the Pass Through Mode parameter in the BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window to DHCP or to BOOTP and DHCP Site Manager Pass Through Mode parameter page A 22 Specifying Servers for DHCP Services You can improve the efficiency of the packet forwarding process or transmit DHCP packets through unnumbered interfaces by specifying servers for DHCP services Refer to Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services in Chapter 5 for instructions To allow DHCP operation be sure to set the Pass Through Mode parameter in the BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window to DHCP or to BOOTP and DHCP Site Manager
17. to conserve memory for other RMON groups You need 200 bytes of memory for each Statistics configuration 114070 Rev B 2 19 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services History Group When you enable the Ethernet DCM the RMON agent automatically creates a History configuration that collects History data at two intervals The first configuration provides short term history by sampling statistics every 30 seconds and holding up to 50 samples in RMON terms buckets The second configuration provides long term history by sampling statistics every 30 minutes and holding up to 50 buckets Through your RMON network management application you can create as many History configurations as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations You can also set the number of buckets a particular History configuration uses to as many as available memory allows If you request more buckets than memory allows the agent allocates enough buckets to fill available memory You need 504 bytes of memory for each History configuration 252 bytes each for the short term and long term History configurations The History data requires 52 bytes of memory per bucket You calculate the total memory in bytes you need to store the data as follows number of buckets 52 2 History configurations This calculation shows that you need approximately 5 1 KB for the default setting of 50 buckets Host Group When you enable the
18. 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 15 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Threshold Label Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds ASN 1 OID ASN 1 OID String identifier Specifies a name for the MIB object in string format to replace the ASN 1 object identifier The string you enter appears in the log file making it easier to identify the object that is the subject of the trap Type a name for the MIB object or leave this field empty to use the ASN 1 object identifier 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 22 DCM Global Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure DCM global parameters in the Edit Base Module DCM Parameters window Enable Disable Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables DCMMW the DCM software subsystem and therefore the DCM To enable the DCM select Enable To disable the DCM select Disable Use this parameter to reboot the DCM by disabling then reenabling DCMMW 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 3 A 14 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function I
19. 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 3 Output IP Address Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that forwards BOOTREQUEST packets to an external network Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to send BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets to servers then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so Do not specify an unnumbered interface for this parameter If you want to use an unnumbered interface to send BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets to servers you must set up a preferred server from the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 4 114070 Rev B A 21 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Disable Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether this forwarding route is active Select Enable to allow BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route select Disable to prevent BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 2 Pass Through Mode Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt
20. 3 agents 2 1 applications 2 1 community 2 4 community managers 3 5 customizing global parameters 3 1 deleting a community 3 4 enabling 1 2 events 2 5 Index implementation notes 2 4 messages GetNextRequest 2 2 GetRequest 2 2 SetRequest 2 2 network elements 2 1 network management station 2 1 overview 2 1 security 2 4 traps 2 2 2 5 SNMP parameters defaults B 1 threshold interface Threshold Action A 12 Threshold High Event Level A 11 Threshold High Value A 11 Threshold Label A 14 Threshold Low Event Level A 9 Threshold Low Value A 9 Threshold Max Successive Alarms A 13 Threshold Medium Event Level A 10 Threshold Medium Value A 10 Threshold Units A 12 SNMP thresholds configuring 3 10 specifying See configuring starting BOOTP services 1 5 DHCP 1 6 IP 1 2 RARP services 1 7 Support Source CD xxii T Technical Response Centers xxiii technical support xix Threshold Action parameter A 12 Threshold High Event Level parameter A 11 Threshold High Value parameter A 11 Threshold Label parameter 2 9 A 14 114070 Rev B Index 3 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Threshold Low Event Level parameter A 9 Threshold Low Value parameter A 9 Threshold Max Successive Alarms parameter A 13 Threshold Medium Event Level parameter A 10 Threshold Medium Value parameter A 10 threshold polling interval 3 11 Threshold Units parameter A 12 thresh
21. 3 3 2 6 2 1 5 Threshold Low Event Level Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds Info Info Warning Debug Specifies the severity level of the event message the agent generates when a variable exceeds the low threshold Select Info if you want low threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action Select Warning if you want low threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred Select Debug if you want low threshold exceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 6 114070 Rev B A 9 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Threshold Medium Value Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds 0 Any integer value Sets the value of the medium threshold for this variable Specify the level at which you want the agent to generate a medium threshold exception event 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 7 Threshold Medium Event Level Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds Info Info Warning Debug Specifies the severity level of the event message the agent generates when a variable exceeds the medium threshold
22. DHCPRELEASE packet to the server This packet contains the relinquished IP address in the client IP address field and the client s MAC address in the client hardware address field Acquiring the Same IP Address Again A client may want to reuse an IP address that a server allocated earlier by DHCP In this case the interchange between client and server omits some of the steps described in the previous section and proceeds as follows 1 The client starts the interchange by broadcasting a DHCPREQUEST packet that contains its previous IP address in the client IP address field The BOOTP relay agent forwards the packet to DHCP servers on other networks DHCP servers examine the client s configuration parameters in the options field of the DHCPREQUEST packet 2 34 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts 4 The server that originally supplied the configuration parameters recognizes them and responds with a DHCPACK packet 5 Whenaclient receives a DHCPACK packet it accepts or declines the parameters as it would when receiving a new IP address If a client s request is invalid for example if the client has moved to a new network servers respond with a DHCPNAK packet If a client receives only DHCPNAK packets it must request a new IP address by broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER packet RARP Overview You can use a Bay Networks router as a Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP server that assigns IP add
23. Ethernet DCM the default setting Disabled for the RMON Default Host parameter will not create a Host configuration To create a Host configuration set the RMON Default Host parameter to Enable before you enable the Ethernet DCM For instructions on how to enable the Ethernet DCM refer to Chapter 1 Some RMON network management applications expect the Ethernet DCM to set up a Host configuration while others set up their own configurations Note The RMON agent allows you to create only one Host configuration Be sure to set the RMON Default Host parameter according to the expectations of the RMON network management application 2 20 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts The Host configuration requires 148 bytes The Host data requires 105 bytes of memory per host address the Ethernet DCM detects on a segment You specify the maximum number of host addresses that appear in the Host configuration by setting the RMON Max Host parameter when you enable an Ethernet DCM If there is not enough memory for the number of hosts you request the RMON agent sets the RMON Max Host parameter to the highest possible value The number of addresses can range from 100 to 8 128 hosts depending on the Ethernet DCM memory configuration Table 2 4 shows recommended values for this parameter Table 2 4 Maximum Number of Hosts Maximum Number of Installed DRAM MB Hosts 2 4 2 048 5 8 4 096 9 16 8 128
24. For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution We strongly recommend that you use the Technician Interface for minor MIB adjustments only The Technician Interface does not validate parameter entries Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Starting SNMP Services Before you can use SNMP you must enable IP services When you enable IP services you are required to configure only a few parameters the system supplies default values for the remaining parameters You can accept the default values or edit IP global parameters to customize IP For information about editing IP global parameters refer to Configuring IP Services Enabling IP on an Interface IP runs on all slots that contain IP interfaces When you add an IP interface to a circuit Site Manager enables IP on the slot When you set IP global parameters you are affecting the way IP operates on all slots where it is configured To enable IP services on an interface 1 In the Configuration Manager window select the link or net module connector on which you are enabling IP services or configure a WAN circuit if this connector requires one The Select Protocols window opens Note The Select Protocols window displays only those protocols that the circuit type supports 2 Select IP from the Select Protocols window and click on OK The IP Configuration w
25. Forward I F gt Add BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BOOTP DHCP or both BOOTP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BOOTP requests select DHCP to relay DHCP requests select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both kinds of requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 5 A 22 114070 Rev B SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions BOOTP Client Interface Address Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure BOOTP and DHCP parameters in the BOOTP Client Interface window IP Address Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Client I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP address of the remote AN that will boot using EZ Install over a Frame Relay group access PVC connection to the router Enter the IP address of the remote AN 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 3 DLCI Number Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Client I F gt Add None 16 to 1007 Specifies the Frame Relay PVC identification number whose destination is the remote AN that will boot using EZ Install The Frame Relay network uses the DLCI number to direct data flow Enter the DLCI number in decimal format for the group access
26. Pass Through Mode parameter page A 25 Deleting DHCP from an IP Interface To delete DHCP from an IP interface while maintaining BOOTP on that interface set the Pass Through Mode parameter in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window to BOOTP Site Manager Pass Through Mode parameter page A 22 To delete both DHCP and BOOTP from an IP interface delete the BOOTP relay agent on that interface Refer to Deleting the BOOTP Relay Agent from an IP Interface in Chapter 5 for instructions Deleting DHCP Globally To delete DHCP globally you must delete BOOTP globally Refer to Deleting BOOTP Globally in Chapter 5 for instructions 6 2 114070 Rev B Chapter 7 Customizing RARP This chapter describes how to customize RARP services It assumes you have configured an IP interface using the default parameters and enabled RARP services as described in Chapter 1 and that you understand the RARP concepts in Chapter 2 You can enable RARP services most easily by accepting all the default parameter values However you may want to change these values depending on your network requirements This chapter describes the choices you can make to use RARP most effectively on your network Customizing RARP Parameters After you have enabled RARP services on your router refer to Chapter 1 you can customize the router software for your specific requirements Use the remaining sections in this chapter as a gu
27. RARP Services Specifying Community Access Privileges Specify one of two types of access privileges to each community that you define read only or read write By default the router grants read only access privileges to all members of an SNMP community Read only access allows members of a community to view configuration and performance information Set this parameter to Read Write to allow members of a community to view configuration and performance information and also change the configuration of a router Site Manager Access parameter page A 4 Deleting an SNMP Community To delete an SNMP community 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities The SNMP Community List window opens 2 Select the community you want to delete The Delete Community window opens Verify that the correct community name appears in the window Select Cancel if you do not want to delete the selected community 3 Click on Delete 3 4 114070 Rev B Customizing SNMP Configuring SNMP Community Managers This section describes how to add and delete SNMP community members managers It also describes how to configure managers to receive traps from the SNMP agent Adding a Manager After you have added a community name on the router and assigned access privileges to it you can add specific community members called managers You can add more than one manager to a community
28. Specifying a Trap Entity and Severity Level A trap entity is associated with a log event An entity is the software that generates a message Entities include Bay Networks software dedicated to the operation of a software service such as TFTP and IP Each entity contains a specific code that corresponds to the event you want to configure The entity code together with the event code uniquely identifies the event for which you want to configure a trap For a complete list of entities both their abbreviations and full names and associated entity codes refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms After you specify the number of the slot on which the trap will be received you specify the entity name for which you want to configure traps Trap messages are always associated with one of five severity levels information warning fault trace or debug The severity level defines the type of trap that the SNMP agent sends to the network management station for the slot number and entity type you specified For a description of the severity levels refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms To specify a trap entity and the severity level for which you want to receive the trap 1 In the Configuration Manager window select gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Interfaces The Trap Configuration window opens 2 Select the slot for which you want to configure traps You select a slot by clicking
29. When you select BOOTP you automatically select IP 2 Click on OK The IP Configuration window opens 3 Edit the IP configuration parameters as described in Enabling IP on an Interface earlier in this chapter 4 Click on OK Customizing BOOTP For information about customizing BOOTP parameters refer to Chapter 5 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Starting DHCP Before you can enable DHCP services you must enable IP and BOOTP on the router You can however enable IP BOOTP and DHCP on the router simultaneously If you want to add BOOTP and DHCP to a circuit on which you have already configured IP refer to Configuring Routers for information about adding a protocol When you enable BOOTP and DHCP you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters Enabling DHCP on an Interface When you select either a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window opens Note The Select Protocols window displays only those protocols that the circuit type supports To enable DHCP on an interface 1 Enable BOOTP on the interface Refer to Enabling BOOTP on an Interface earlier in this chapter for instructions 2 Access the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Refer to Customizing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters in Chapter
30. e SetRequest message The agent acknowledges all three types of messages in the form of a Get Response message which is passed to the management application In addition an agent may issue a trap to the network management station to identify the occurrence of a condition such as a threshold that exceeds a predefined value 2 2 114070 Rev B SNMP management station Management application GetRequest GetNetxtRequest SetRequest Trap GetResponse SNMP manager UDP IP Network dependent protocols SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Application manages objects SNMP messages Network or SNMP agent Managed resources SNMP managed objects GetRequest GetNetxtRequest SetRequest Trap GetResponse SNMP agent UDP IP Network dependent protocols Figure 2 1 Role of SNMP internetwork SNMO00012A 114070 Rev B 2 3 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services SNMP Communities For security reasons the SNMP agent validates each request from an SNMP manager before responding to the request by verifying that the manager belongs to a valid SNMP community An SNMP community is a logical relationship between an SNMP agent and one or more SNMP managers You define communities locally at the agent The agent establishes one community for each desired combination of authentication and acce
31. ecc et tiet ool les doo estes B 3 BOOTP and DHCP Parameters TUTTI ET TERRE TTE B 4 RARP Paramo S 22s so antec aatehe cas tuae Appear Ol odqe eaten ine tetdu t uemb aU dun EU Le inebeLaL PR MR ElULIOESE B 5 Index X 114070 Rev B Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 2 7 Figure 2 8 Figure 2 9 Figure 2 10 Figure 5 1 114070 Rev B Figures Rp iP mE RET 2 3 sample RMON Contigurallgbl 12 ceecuucu cotta sagaia rn diera cei ke tide 2 11 Bay Networks RMON Architecture enano raiieetanantr ten nhat kat one 2 12 BOOTP Client and Server on the Same Physical Network 2 25 BOOTP Client and Server on Different Physical Networks 2 26 BOOTREQUEST and BOOTREPLY Fields ssrin 2 27 j grihjeslBin iE P EUR 2 31 Fieldsin a DHOP Packet sssini E E E 2 32 Requesting and Receiving IP Information seseseeeess 2 33 RARP Server Supplying an IP Address sess 2 35 Enabling BOOTP in Sample Network eee tatacee entes 5 4 xi Tables Table 2 1 TY VIVRE auc eco iubadt d dius Cei tenian uds qe dta debes 2 6 Table 2 2 Example of Threshold and Severity Settings ssssssssss 2 8 Table 2 3 DRAM and RMON Memory SIZE uiuiciitesceie tea tebtcas ruta an 2 18 Table 2 4 Maximum Number of Hostis 4 rcc posee a ntes pia dE or e ERR bert eene 2 21 Tab
32. first router that received the BOOTREQUEST packet e Configure the first router to forward the BOOTREQUEST packet to a specific server In this case the router will unicast the BOOTREQUEST packet to the server through normal IP services Servers on other networks receive the BOOTREQUEST packet and respond with a BOOTREPLY packet Those servers transmit the BOOTREPLY packets through normal IP services to the address of the first interface that received the BOOTREQUEST packet That address appears in the gateway IP address field in the BOOTREQUEST packet When the router that first received the BOOTREQUEST packet receives the BOOTREPLY packet it examines the gateway IP address field to check that the value in this field is the same as the IP destination address that the server used for the packet If the addresses differ the router discards the BOOTREPLY packet If the router accepts the packet it examines the flags field and forwards the packet to the client as follows e If the flags field contains the value 1 the client does not know its own IP address The router broadcasts the BOOTREPLY packets to the IP broadcast address 255 255 255 255 2 28 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts e If the flags field contains the value 0 the client knows its own IP address which appears in the client IP address field of the BOOTREPLY packet The router sends the BOOTREPLY packet to that IP address and the link
33. identifier in the Instance field Click on Save The Threshold Interface Lists window opens again Click on Apply Repeat Steps 2 through 6 to add other thresholds Click on Done when you have finished adding thresholds 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Enabling and Disabling Thresholds for a Variable You can decide whether to turn the threshold for a specific variable on or off by specifying the Threshold Enable parameter To tell the agent to apply the threshold to a variable specify Enable To tell the agent to ignore the threshold for a variable specify Disable Site Manager Threshold Enable parameter page A 8 Specifying a Value for the Threshold Level You can specify an integer value that determines the level low medium or high at which you want the agent to generate a threshold exception event for a variable Site Manager Threshold Low Value parameter page A 9 Site Manager Threshold Medium Value parameter page A 10 Site Manager Threshold High Value parameter page A 11 Specifying the Severity Level for Event Messages You can specify the severity level of the event message that the agent generates when a variable exceeds either a low medium or high threshold level You can specify one of three severity levels Information allows low medium or high threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action e Warning al
34. on the bar in the Slot box 3 Select an entity for which you want to configure traps The entity names appear in the Available Entities column a comprehensive list of all protocols available regardless of the platform or software you are using If you want to configure traps for all entities running on a slot select All Entities from the top of the column 3 8 114070 Rev B Customizing SNMP Select the severity level for which you want to receive traps You select a severity level by clicking on the Events box at the bottom of the window Refer to Chapter 2 for a definition of the severity levels Click on Update The entity name moves to the Current Entities column indicating that you want to receive traps for this entity at the severity level you specified To move an entity from this column select the entity name and then click on Remove Repeat Steps 2 through 5 for other slots you want to configure Click on Save Configuring Trap Exceptions You can configure up to 50 trap exceptions which specify that the SNMP agent always sends or never sends traps to the network management station regardless of the trap configuration settings and regardless of the slot you specified You configure a trap exception by specifying the following Entity code for the event for which you want to configure an exception Code number of the event for which you want to configure an exception Whether the SNMP agent always s
35. refer to Configuring BOOTP Preferred Servers later in this chapter Site Manager Input IP Address parameter page A 21 Site Manager Output IP Address parameter page A 21 Deleting an IP Interface Input Output Address Pair To delete an input output address pair from the BOOTP relay agent forwarding table 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocol gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens 2 Click on Forward I F 3 In the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window click on Forward I F The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window opens 4 Select the address pair you want to delete 5 Click on Delete The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window no longer displays the address pair 6 Click on Done to exit the window Disabling BOOTP Route Forwarding By default the route interface through which the router forwards BOOTP or DHCP packets to servers on the network is enabled You can disable BOOTP or DHCP packet forwarding through this route by setting the Enable Disable parameter to Disable Site Manager Enable Disable parameter page A 22 5 6 114070 Rev B Customizing BOOTP Configuring an AN to Use EZ Install over a Frame Relay PVC If you intend to configure an AN router to use EZ Install over a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode you must create a BOOTP client interface table You do not need to
36. reject the address within a certain period of time the server reclaims it The address is then available for other clients The BOOTP relay agent receives the DHCPOFFER packet and examines the packet If the BOOTP relay agent accepts the packet it forwards it to the client 2 32 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts 4 Ifaclient does not receive a DHCPOFFER packet within a specified amount of time after broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER packet it sends the packet again The client will rebroadcast the packet up to 10 times The client may receive DHCPOFFER packets from several potential servers If you configure the client to wait for multiple responses it compares configuration parameters in the DHCPOFFER packets to decide which server to target Figure 2 9 shows the second and third stages of the process Server Hr 1 Client broadcasts 2 BOOTP relay agent a DHCPREQUEST transmits DHCPREQUEST packet packet to all servers de Client that supplied a DHCPOFFER packet L gt gt a E lt 4 BOOTP relay agent ET 7 3 Target server transmits transmits DHCPACK EL DHCPACK or DHCPNAK or DHCPNAK packet to BOOTP relay packet to client agent Router BOOTP relay agent SNM0006A Figure 2 9 Requesting and Receiving IP Information 5 When the client has chosen a target server it broa
37. the Protocols menu Example Pin 7 gt 19 gt 20 Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the command The vertical line separates choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show at routes nets you enter either show at routes or show at nets but not both abstract syntax notation Bootstrap Protocol Common Management Information Protocol data collection module Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Data Link Control Interface Fiber Distributed Data Interface Internet Protocol media access control Protocol Data Unit permanent virtual circuit Reverse Address Resolution Protocol Routing Information Protocol remote monitoring Simple Network Management Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol User Datagram Protocol wide area network 114070 Rev B xvii Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Ordering Bay Networks Publications To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks publications order by part number from the Bay Networks Press at the following telephone or fax numbers Telephone U S Canada 1 888 4BAYPRESS Telephone International 1 510 490 4752 Fax 1 510 498 2609 You can also use these numbers to request a free catalog of Bay Networks Press product publications xviii 114070 Rev B Technical Support and Online Services To ensure comprehensive network support to our custom
38. the agent checks the statistic to see if its value has reached the threshold e Set three threshold values high medium and low Specify the threshold action as Lessthan or Greaterthan For information about setting thresholds refer to Configuring Thresholds in Chapter 3 When the statistic reaches the threshold the agent generates an event You specify the severity level at which you want the manager to log the event Table 2 1 lists the available severity levels and their suggested meanings Depending on how you configure the SNMP trap parameters refer to Configuring Traps on the Router in Chapter 3 the agent may also send the threshold exception as an SNMP trap The Site Manager threshold feature is functionally similar to the RMON Alarm and Event facility except for some minor differences The Site Manager threshold feature provides three tiered thresholds and defines a user definable hysteresis mechanism The RMON Alarm and Event facility provides a two tiered proprietary thresholds system 114070 Rev B 2 7 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Threshold Example Suppose you want SNMP to warn you if the number of high priority Priority Level 1 packets queued for transmission is approaching the maximum number supported by an interface This maximum value is specified by the wfCctOptsCngcCfgQpl Threshold MIB object Using the threshold parameters you set a threshold for wfCctOptsCngcCfgQpl Thr
39. this manager Select All to send cold start traps warm start traps and all enabled log event traps to this manager 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 3 1 5 114070 Rev B A 5 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services SNMP Trap Interface Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure SNMP trap interface parameters in the Add Trap window Entity Code Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Exceptions gt Add None Any valid entity code Specifies the entity code for the event for which you want to configure an exception Enter the entity code for the event for which you want to configure an exception Refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for entity codes 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 6 1 3 Event Code Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Exceptions gt Add None Any valid event code number Specifies the code number for the event for which you want to configure an exception Enter the event code number for the event for which you want to configure an exception Refer to the book Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for event code numbers 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 6 1 4 A 6 114070 Rev B Parameter Path De
40. traffic Each tool is configurable so you can obtain exactly the type of information you need for a variety of purposes In Optivity Analysis RMON tools represent an intelligent implementation of the RMON MIB groups Table 4 1 summarizes the RMON based tools and lists the corresponding RMON MIB groups that they use to collect and present traffic statistics 114070 Rev B 4 7 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Table 4 1 Optivity Analysis RMON based Tools RMON Tool Name Purpose Possible Uses Special Features MIB Group Segment Displays and records Plan bandwidth intensive Ability to view Ethernet Statistics information from the tasks multiple sessions Statistics RMON statistics group This information Baseline individual Automatic utilization includes raw packet segment traffic calculation based counts and bandwidth characteristics on available utilization bandwidth History collection Host Displays traffic Determine which hosts Filter for viewing Host Table Statistics summaries for each host are generating specific TopN hosts and on a selected segment types of traffic Host TopN Hotlink packet Provides a Host TopN capture filter that allows you to concentrate on only the most active hosts on the network Host Matrix Presents statistics on Isolate sources of Sparse matrix Matrix conversations between broadcasts errors and so_ display host pairs on a selected forth segment Q
41. which it receives the next SNMP set command and for a time equal to the value of the Lock TimeOut parameter responds only to SNMP set commands from that station If the agent receives an SNMP set command from another network management station during this time it issues an SNMP genErr GetResponse PDU which that station logs as an SNMP SET ERROR message To allow the SNMP agent to respond to simultaneous SNMP set commands from multiple network management stations set the SNMP locking mechanism to Disable Site Manager Use Lock parameter page A 2 Specifying a Lock Timeout Period If the SNMP locking mechanism is enabled you can customize the lock timeout period The lock timeout period is the maximum number of minutes the SNMP agent allows an idle network management station to hold a lock on it During this time the SNMP agent locks out SNMP set commands from other network management stations The lock timer is reset each time the locking manager issues an SNMP set command By default the SNMP agent allows an idle network management station to hold a lock on it for 2 minutes To change the default lock timeout period specify a value from 1 to 60 minutes Site Manager Lock Time Out parameter page A 3 3 2 114070 Rev B Customizing SNMP Enabling and Disabling Authentication Failure Traps The router generates an authentication failure trap when it receives an SNMP message from an SNMP manager fa
42. 0 F Filter group 2 14 2 22 H History group 2 14 2 20 Host group 2 14 2 20 HostTopN group 2 14 2 21 implementation notes for SNMP 2 4 to 2 9 InfoFACTS service xxiii interoperability issues for RMON 2 18 to 2 23 IP customizing 1 3 enabling on an interface 1 2 starting 1 2 managers for SNMP adding 3 5 deleting 3 7 Matrix group 2 14 2 22 memory use for configuring thresholds 2 9 for RMON 2 18 to 2 23 P packets BOOTP 2 24 to 2 28 DHCP 2 32 to 2 34 parameters See BOOTP parameters See RARP parameters See SNMP parameters R RARP customizing parameters 7 1 defining the mapping table for 7 2 deleting globally 7 3 disabling globally 7 3 disabling interfaces 7 1 enabling on an interface 1 7 Index 2 114070 Rev B overview 2 35 reenabling interfaces 7 1 RARP parameters defaults B 5 Enable Disable 7 3 RARP services starting 1 7 Request for Comments 1757 2 11 2 13 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol See RARP RMON agent 2 11 architecture 2 12 configuring 2 10 control parameters 2 13 control tables 2 13 data tables 2 13 groups 2 11 to 2 15 interoperability issues 2 18 to 2 23 memory use 2 18 to 2 23 overview 2 10 starting 1 3 using Optivity Analysis 2 10 using Optivity LAN 2 10 RMON architecture BayStack AN and ANH base module 2 12 DCM 2 12 DCMMW 2 12 S Simple Network Management Protocol See SNMP SNMP adding a community 3
43. 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 2 A 2 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Lock Time Out Configuration Manager Protocols IP SNMP Global 2 minutes 1 to 60 minutes Specifies the maximum number of minutes the agent allows an idle network management station to hold a lock on it During this time the agent locks out SNMP set commands from other network management stations The lock timer is reset each time the locking manager issues an SNMP set command Enter the number of minutes only if you set the Use Lock parameter to Enable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 4 Authentication Failure Traps Configuration Manager Protocols IP SNMP Global Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the router attempts to generate an authentication failure trap when it receives an SNMP message from an SNMP manager falsely claiming to be in a particular community or specifying an unknown community Select Enable to enable the router to generate authentication failure traps If you select Enable you must configure an SNMP manager to receive the trap You configure a trap in the Trap Configuration window Select Disable to prohibit the router from generating authentication failure traps 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 35 114070 Rev B A 3
44. 5 for instructions 3 Set the Pass Through Mode parameter to DHCP or to BOOTP and DHCP This action allows you to select either DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP for the Pass Through Mode parameter in other windows Site Manager Pass Through Mode parameter page A 20 4 Click on Apply 1 6 114070 Rev B Starting SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services 5 Edit the other parameters in this window Refer to the section Customizing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters in Chapter 5 for guidelines Customizing DHCP For information about modifying DHCP parameters refer to Chapter 6 Starting RARP Services Before you can enable RARP services you must enable IP on the router You can however enable IP and RARP services on the router simultaneously If you want to add RARP to a circuit on which you have already configured IP refer to Configuring Routers for information about adding a protocol When you enable RARP services you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters Enabling RARP on an Interface When you select either a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window opens Note The Select Protocols window displays only those protocols that the circuit type supports 114070 Rev B 1 7 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To enable RAR
45. Bay Networks will not grant any Software license whatsoever either explicitly or implicitly except by acceptance of an order for either Software or for a Bay Networks product Equipment that is packaged with Software Each such license is subject to the following restrictions 1 Upon delivery of the Software Bay Networks grants to licensee a personal nontransferable nonexclusive license to use the Software with the Equipment with which or for which it was originally acquired including use at any of licensee s facilities to which the Equipment may be transferred for the useful life of the Equipment unless earlier terminated by default or cancellation Use of the Software shall be limited to such Equipment and to such facility Software which is licensed for use on hardware not offered by Bay Networks is not subject to restricted use on any Equipment however unless otherwise specified on the Documentation each licensed copy of such Software may only be installed on one hardware item at any time Licensee may use the Software with backup Equipment only if the Equipment with which or for which it was acquired is inoperative Licensee may make a single copy of the Software but not firmware for safekeeping archives or backup purposes Licensee may modify Software but not firmware or combine it with other software subject to the provision that those portions of the resulting software which incorporate Software are subject to the re
46. E EN ee ka Y pa pado 2 17 BMON ABBIBEBHS aiios ien pet tet sds ER SERI a 2 18 vi 114070 Rev B BREIOPENIGIDOR USE seii anen ER ort xig a idet Ra LE OR rci sod a e o ntc ER posed 2 18 Interoperability Issues and Memory Use for RMON Groups esses 2 19 Statistics Group EE 2 19 History GOUD s teo et fen the reto uie eter PE addu a e AAA 2 20 FOSE POUD ouissetemdtedecandditerdexduie ed das t Sepiudnatecutu SiS bu Rd cadtc cr an Rede Ud dedh 2 20 HOostIopN Eeirotopse E 2 21 Matrix GROUP ects ti E 2 22 Pala Saved Capture Gaups e E 2 22 Aanand Eveni Groups ausooxoda tide una doit Derbi add aee dc ta bc ed 2 24 BOQIP Relay AS COUGINIDBE ate sarc Lis tere areal iat oi dag cw iw pua a EDU ud ad aiaiai 2 24 Big PERI e IS 2 29 Acquiring a New IP Address and New Configuration Parameters 2 30 Acquiring the Same IP Address Again i oce attico ttt be Te eere petu sn b Feu iS RaE 2 34 RARP P iu mE 2 35 Chapter 3 Customizing SNMP Guelsmizimg SNMP Global PARAMS scarring Raa 3 1 Disabling and Beenabling SNMP sarasini ne eorr Rad n a RP c Sa CLR MEE 3 1 Erabing and Disabling SNMP LOCKING etc eir terio ec de De SOR Lata eis 3 2 bpestying a Lock TimeOut Pong i2 noa tede oeil rr pre iet tide de ue i MEER 3 2 Enabling and Disabling Authentication Failure Traps sssssssss 3 3 bontiguring SNMP Community PSISITIBIB
47. IS cirina xeu E necu d aS Ke Du warn 3 3 Adding arn SNMP Om sanirana Hie a E RREe ke ME hr or HER odas Y pa cex Scd oneri 3 3 esposti a CONO BEREUG suasa tiahia a dieta addu aaa cannes 3 3 Specifying Community Access Privileges essssseeene 3 4 Deleting am SNMP COMTO 55 ete rita to Racer iate Pr redet ebat 3 4 Contiguring SNMP Canm nity Managers aui ce cena tuis ce rna nA Ek Eu RE a 3 5 Adding MANGO e 3 5 Configuring a Manager to Receive Traps sssssssssseseeeeee nnns 3 6 Oe ne map PONV casas IL UT 3 6 Pecna TREE TODO Se d dt adeat ice errr rer ere 3 6 Ier a a sta hs OT aera roc errtenr teeny uci sci ciqatesiu uic ed acie Lid er wri 3 7 G niguring Taps Omne ROUGE emt 3 7 Specifying a Trap Entity and Severity Level sssseeeeneeenes 3 8 epp rans dece bL E S 3 9 114070 Rev B vii Ealing Trap EXCODUOEIB ecc satt ra rte Eod dri RR da M o Ox Ea Fanart D e 3 10 es aedi EE Gp 6 RETE T DET 3 10 Disabling and Reenabling Thresholds eain tier doe patte Rab aerea rdedce 3 10 setting me Threshold Polling Interval 22 2 irre D t re bane a ote 3 11 Adding a Threshold T T T TET E ET EE 3 11 Enabling and Disabling Thresholds for a Variable ssesseessesss 3 12 Specifying a Value for the Threshold Level ssessseen 3 12 Specifying the Severity Level for Event Messages ssss
48. Low Value 0 Threshold Low Event Level Info Threshold Medium Value 0 Threshold Medium Event Level Info continued B 2 114070 Rev B Default Parameter Settings Table B 6 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters continued Parameter Default Threshold High Value 0 Threshold High Event Level Info Threshold Units Persecond Threshold Action Greaterthan Threshold Max Successive Alarms 5 Threshold HoldDown Intervals 1 Threshold Label ASN 1 OID DCM Global Parameters Table B 7 lists the Site Manager default parameter settings for the DCM Table B 7 DCM Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Disable Enable Boot Option Local Image Name None Image Save Mode Save Configuration Mode Local Save Configuration Info Save RMON Max Host 500 RMON Default Host Enable RMON Default Matrix Enable 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services BOOTP and DHCP Parameters Tables B 8 through B 11 list the Site Manager default parameter settings for BOOTP and DHCP Table B 8 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable Disable Enable Hops 4 Timeout Secs 0 seconds Pass Through Mode BOOTP Table B 9 BOOTP Address Parameters Parameter Default Input IP Address None Output IP Address None Enable Disable Enable Pass Through Mode BOOTP Table B 10 BOO
49. MP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Specifying Maximum Number of Hops from Client to Server A hop is the logical distance between two devices By default the maximum number of hops a packet can take from the source device to the destination device client to the server is 4 To change the default specify a value from 1 to 16 If the value in the hops field of a BOOTPREQUEST packet is greater than the value you specify for the Hops parameter the router drops the packet Site Manager Hops parameter page A 19 Specifying a Minimum Timeout Value By default the router immediately forwards BOOTREQUEST packets to the destination address in the BOOTP relay forwarding table You can determine the minimum number of seconds that the router waits before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST packet out an interface by assigning a value to the Timeout Secs parameter If the value in the seconds field of a BOOTREQUEST packet is less than the value you specified for the Timeout Secs parameter you configured on the interface the router drops the packet The default value is 0 seconds To change the default specify a value from 1 to 65535 seconds Site Manager Timeout Secs parameter page A 20 Filtering Unwanted BOOTP and DHCP Packets Both BOOTP and DHCP use the BOOTP relay agent to forward packets To reduce network traffic you may want to control whether an interface transmits BOOTP packets DHCP packets or both For exa
50. Manager Pass Through Mode parameter page A 25 114070 Rev B 5 9 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Deleting the BOOTP Relay Agent from an IP Interface To delete a BOOTP relay agent from an IP interface 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface window opens 2 Click on the interface from which you want to delete BOOTP 3 Click on Delete This action deletes the BOOTP relay agent and all forwarding table entries that you specified from the selected interface Deleting BOOTP Globally To globally delete BOOTP from all interfaces on a router 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Delete 2 Click on Delete This action deletes BOOTP from all interfaces on the router 5 10 114070 Rev B Chapter 6 Customizing DHCP This chapter describes how to customize DHCP services It assumes you have configured an IP interface using the default parameters and enabled DHCP as described in Chapter 1 and that you understand the DHCP concepts in Chapter 2 When you enable DHCP all default parameter values are automatically enabled on that interface refer to Appendix B for default parameters You may want to change these default values depending on your network requirements This chapter describes choices you can make to use DHCP most effectively on your
51. Manager You can use an SNMP based network management application that supports RMON to view RMON statistics 2 12 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts RMON MIB Groups The Ethernet DCM board supports a set of RMON MIB groups RFC 1757 defines the function and organization of these groups Bay Networks implements the following groups in its RMON agent for the BayStack AN and BayStack ANH routers e Statistics e History e Host e HostTopN e Matrix e Filter e Capture The router base module supports the following groups e Alarm e Event Several of the RMON groups in the MIB contain control and data tables Control tables contain control parameters that specify which statistics you want to access and collect You can view and change many entries in a control table Data tables contain statistics the agent collects usually you can only view entries in these tables The following sections describe the function of each group and the tables that each group defines Refer to RFC 1757 for the following information e A list of all the parameters that appear in a control table e The read write status of a control parameter e The default values for control parameters with read write status e A list of all the objects that appear in a data table Statistics Group The Statistics group records data that the Ethernet DCM measures on network interfaces The Ethernet DCM creates one entry for each Ethern
52. N 1 object identifier by specifying a name for the object in string format The string you enter appears in the log file making it easier to identify the object that is the subject of the trap Site Manager Threshold Label parameter page A 14 3 14 114070 Rev B Chapter 4 Customizing a DCM for RMON This section describes how to customize an Ethernet data collection module DCM as a remote monitoring RMON device It also describes how to modify the DCM configuration by changing DCMMW configuration parameters This chapter includes the following topics e Ethernet DCM and RMON summary Managing the Ethernet DCM configuration Managing the Ethernet DCM using the Technician Interface e Viewing and analyzing statistics using Optivity Refer to Chapter 2 for RMON concepts and the issues you should consider when using an Ethernet DCM for RMON Refer to Appendix B for DOMMW parameter defaults Ethernet DCM and RMON Summary The Ethernet DCM physically connects to BayStack AN and ANH base modules It contains a Flash memory SIMM for its own boot image and configuration file The Ethernet DCM runs RMON agent software that e Gathers statistics by monitoring packets on an Ethernet segment e Stores the information according to the RMON MIB specification in compliance with RFC 1757 To communicate with the RMON agent software on the DCM the router requires a software subsystem called DCM middleware DCMMW This
53. Number You must specify in decimal format the Frame Relay PVC identification number whose destination is the remote AN that will boot using EZ Install Use the DLCI number assigned by your Frame Relay service provider The Frame Relay network uses the DLCI number to direct data flow Site Manager DLCI Number parameter page A 23 Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services You can specify a forwarding route for BOOTREQUEST packets by defining a relationship between an input interface and a BOOTP server By defining such a relationship you can Improve the efficiency of BOOTREQUEST packet relay e Transmit BOOTREQUEST packets through unnumbered output interfaces Configuring BOOTP Preferred Servers You can configure a BOOTP preferred server by specifying the IP address of the relay agent on the router and the IP address of the target server The router can then unicast a BOOTREQUEST packet through normal IP services to that server Specifying the Relay Agent IP Address You must specify the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets from clients You can then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so Do not specify an unnumbered interface for this parameter Site Manager Relay Agent IP Address parameter page A 24 5 8 114070 Rev B Customizing BOOTP Specifying the Target Server IP Address After you specify the relay ag
54. P on an interface 1 From the Select Protocols menu select Reverse ARP When you select RARP you automatically select IP 2 Click on OK The IP Configuration window opens 3 Edit the IP configuration parameters as described in Enabling IP on an Interface earlier in this chapter 4 Click on OK Customizing RARP For information about modifying RARP parameters refer to Chapter 7 1 8 114070 Rev B Chapter 2 SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts This chapter describes the concepts behind SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP services and how we implement them in Bay Networks routers You can use this information to decide how to customize SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP parameters for your system SNMP Overview SNMP is a simple request response protocol that communicates management information between two types of SNMP software entities SNMP applications also called SNMP managers and SNMP agents SNMP applications contain manager software that runs on a network management station also known as an SNMP client such as a PC or a workstation The manager software implements the protocols used to exchange data with SNMP agents SNMP applications issue queries to gather information about the status configuration and performance of external network devices called network elements in SNMP terminology Network elements contain an agent and perform the network management function that the network management sta
55. P trap e The system logs the event in the Log Table in the agent system e The management station can retrieve the information stored in the Log Table for further analysis For example the information collected can be used to select proper threshold values e The system sends an SNMP trap and logs the event in the Log Table The Log Table is a read only data table for the network management station It records each event that needs to be logged It provides the event number an index that distinguishes occurrences of the same event the time at which the event occurred and the event description You are not required to configure the Log Table 2 16 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Event Trap Considerations In order for RMON to generate trap events you must set up the SNMP managers table based on the SNMP community names for example Public you are using with the network management application for example Optivity LAN or Optivity Analysis and the hosts on which you are running applications If you fail to make these changes the router will be unable to send trap events to the network management station Refer to Chapter 3 for instructions on how to set up an SNMP managers table When you set up the SNMP managers table you can use the SNMP community names that the network management application uses and modify the trap receiving tables on the router to use these names Or you can configure the ro
56. PVC to the remote AN Use the DLCI number assigned by your Frame Relay service provider 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 2 114070 Rev B A 23 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure BOOTP and DHCP preferred server configuration parameters Relay Agent IP Address Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that receives BOOTREQUEST packets from clients Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets from clients then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so Do not specify an unnumbered interface for this parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 3 Target Server IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the address of a server that should receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets Enter the IP address of the server that should receive the BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 4 A 24 114070 Rev B Par
57. TP Client Interface Address Parameters Parameter Default IP Address None DLCI Number None B 4 114070 Rev B Table B 11 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters Parameter Default Relay Agent IP Address None Target Server IP Address None Enable Disable Enable Target Name None Pass Through Mode BOOTP RARP Parameters Tables B 12 and B 13 list the Site Manager default parameter settings for RARP Table B 12 RARP Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable Disable Enable Table B 13 RARP Address Parameters Parameter Default MAC Address None IP Address 0 0 0 0 114070 Rev B Default Parameter Settings A adding an SNMP manager 3 5 Bay Networks publications ordering xviii BOOTP client interface table creating 5 7 configuring preferred servers 5 8 customizing relay agent parameters 5 1 deleting IP interface input and output address pair 5 6 enabling on an interface 1 5 filtering packets 5 9 overview 2 24 relay agent 2 25 2 32 5 5 relay agent forwarding table 5 5 route forwarding 5 6 setting up routing paths between BOOTP server and router 5 3 specifying IP interface input output address pair 5 5 BOOTP parameters defaults B 4 to B 5 Bootstrap protocol See BOOTP C Capture group 2 15 2 22 communities SNMP access privileges 2 4 configuring 3 3 names 2 4
58. a BOOTP relay agent forwarding table for every transient router passing BOOTP traffic between a router and the BOOTP server The BOOTP relay agent forwarding table consists of IP interfaces that you configure to receive the incoming BOOTP request packets and to forward the outgoing BOOTP request packets The BOOTP relay agent forwards BOOTP request packets based on the IP addresses of the interfaces in this table You can add multiple pairs of incoming and outgoing interfaces to support connections to multiple routers in your network For more information about configuring a forwarding table refer to Configuring IP Services Specifying the IP Interface Input Output Address Pair You create the BOOTP relay agent forwarding table by specifying the IP interface addresses input and output of the pair that you want to receive and forward BOOTREQUEST packets If you enter an IP address that you have not configured on the router appears before the IP address example 111 111 111 111 When you configure the IP address on the router Site Manager replaces with the appropriate address 114070 Rev B 5 5 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Do not specify an unnumbered interface for the input or output IP interface address parameters If you want to use an unnumbered interface to transmit BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets to the servers you must set up a preferred server in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window
59. ameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Enable Disable Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Pref Serv Add Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the forwarding route is active Select Enable to allow BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route select Disable to prevent BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 2 Target Name Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add None Any string of printable ASCII characters up to 63 characters in length including embedded spaces Specifies the target server s host name If you want to keep track of the names of BOOTP or DHCP servers enter the target server s host name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 5 Pass Through Mode Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table Pref Serv Add BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BOOTP DHCP or both BOOTP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BOOTP requests select DHCP to relay DHCP requests select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both kinds of r
60. ation Manager window select Protocols IP Reverse ARP Globals The Edit RARP Global Parameters window opens Set the Enable Disable parameter to Disable Click on OK This action disables RARP on all router interfaces Deleting RARP Globally To globally delete RARP from all router interfaces on which it is configured 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols IP Reverse ARP gt Delete RARP A confirmation window opens Click on OK This action deletes RARP from all interfaces on the router 114070 Rev B 7 3 Appendix A SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions This appendix provides information about customizing the parameters for the SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP interfaces you configure on the router For each parameter this appendix provides the path the default setting all valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the management information base MIB object ID The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify the validity of your parameter values Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration
61. ccess the Web Server to perform Case Management This feature enables your support staff to interact directly with the network experts in our worldwide Technical Response Centers registered contact with a valid Site ID can e View a listing of support cases and determine the current status of any open case Case history data includes severity designation and telephone e mail or other logs associated with the case e Customize the listing of cases according to a variety of criteria including date severity status and case ID e Log notes to existing open cases e Create new cases for rapid efficient handling of noncritical network situations Communicate directly via e mail with the specific technical resources assigned to your case The Bay Networks URL is Attp www baynetworks com Customer Service is a menu item on that home page Customer Service FTP Accessible via URL ftp support baynetworks com 134 177 3 26 this site combines and organizes support files and documentation for the entire Bay Networks product suite Central management and sponsorship of this FTP site lets you quickly locate information on any of your Bay Networks products 114070 Rev B xxi Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Support Source CD This CD ROM sent quarterly to all contracted customers is a complete Bay Networks Service troubleshooting knowledge database with an intelligent text search engine Th
62. ceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 10 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Threshold Units Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds Persecond Persecond Absolute Specifies the units used to determine whether a variable has exceeded a threshold Select Persecond if you want the agent to generate a threshold event when the variable s rate of change per second reaches one of the three thresholds Select Absolute if you want the agent to generate a threshold event when the value of the variable reaches one of the three thresholds 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 12 Threshold Action Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds Greaterthan Greaterthan Lessthan Specifies when the agent generates a threshold event Select Greaterthan if you want to record threshold events when the value of the variable is greater than the threshold specified Select Lessthan if you want to record threshold events when the value of the variable is less than the threshold specified 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 13 A 12 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions
63. ciated entity codes 114070 Rev B 2 5 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Severity Levels Event and trap messages are always associated with one of five severity levels Table 2 1 describes the severity levels and lists the code that corresponds to each one This guide does not cover Debug messages because these are for Bay Networks internal use only Table 2 1 Severity Levels Severity Description Code Information Indicates routine events that usually require no action 2 Warning Indicates that a service acted in an unexpected manner 4 Fault Indicates a major service disruption usually caused by a 8 configuration network or hardware problem The entities involved keep restarting until the problem is resolved Trace Indicates information about each packet that traversed the 10 network Bay Networks recommends viewing this type of trap message only when diagnosing network problems Debug Indicates information that Bay Networks Customer Support uses These messages are not documented Refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for detailed information about entities and severity levels SNMP Trap Format Some third party network management applications such as NetExpert OpenView and SunNet allow you to trigger a desired operation when a specific SNMP trap is received This section describes the SNMP trap format The router or BNX platform transmits Ba
64. cket If the value in the seconds field of a BOOTREQUEST packet is less than the value you specify for this parameter the router drops the packet Accept the default 0 or specify a number from 1 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 6 Pass Through Mode Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BOOTP DHCP or both BOOTP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BOOTP requests select DHCP to relay DHCP requests select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both kinds of requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 16 A 20 114070 Rev B SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions BOOTP Address Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure BOOTP and DHCP parameters in the BOOTP Addresses window Input IP Address Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that receives BOOTREQUEST packets from clients Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets from clients then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so 1 3 6 1 4 1
65. create this table if you configured the Frame Relay PVC to operate in direct access mode The BOOTP client interface table allows you to specify and pair the IP address of a remote AN router with the DLCI of its Frame Relay group access PVC The upstream router is a booting router s next hop router By default the booting router s synchronous interfaces automatically try to get IP addresses from the upstream router This is the EZ Install process If a router using EZ Install gets its address from the upstream router and the upstream router s interface to that router is a Frame Relay group access PVC you must connect to the upstream router and create a BOOTP client interface table in addition to a BOOTP relay agent forwarding table For information about configuring an AN to use EZ Install refer to Installing and Operating BayStack AN and ANH Systems For information about DLCIs and Frame Relay refer to Configuring Frame Relay Services Creating a BOOTP Client Interface Table You create a BOOTP client interface table by specifying the client IP address and the Frame Relay PVC DLCI number Specifying the Client IP Address You must specify the IP address of the remote AN router that will boot using EZ Install over a Frame Relay group access PVC connection to the router Site Manager IP Address parameter page A 23 114070 Rev B 5 7 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Specifying the DLCI
66. criteria and methods for forwarding both DHCP and BOOTP packets Refer to BOOTP Relay Agent Overview earlier in this chapter for information about the packet relay process 114070 Rev B 2 29 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Although BOOTP and DHCP use the same UDP port numbers 67 and 68 they differ in the following ways DHCP defines a mechanism for clients to obtain their IP network address for a fixed period of time lease allowing for reassignment of expired IP network address to different clients DHCP provides a mechanism for clients to acquire all of the IP configuration parameters needed to communicate on a network DHCP packet length is longer than for BOOTP The additional packet length allows a DHCP server to provide the client with all the IP configuration parameters that it needs to operate DHCP is a more complicated protocol than BOOTP DHCP has seven message types BOOTP uses only two Acquiring a New IP Address and New Configuration Parameters DHCP acquires an IP address and other configuration parameters for clients This process involves the following stages Identifying DHCP servers Requesting IP information Receiving IP information Accepting IP information 2 30 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Figure 2 7 shows the first stage of the process 1 Client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER BOOTP relay ag
67. d from a file e Save thresholds to nonvolatile random access memory NVRAM RMON only For detailed information about installing the Threshold Manager tool refer to Using Optivity Analysis 7 0 4 10 114070 Rev B Customizing a DCM for RMON Fault Correlator Tool After you set alarm thresholds on RMON variables using the Threshold Manager you can use the Fault Correlator tool to decode the traps that are sent to the network management station The Fault Correlator generates fault reports and calculates the current state of network objects and devices It generates fault reports by reducing network faults and traps into network problems Optivity automatically stores this information in the Optivity fault database When you boot the management station the system starts Fault Correlator Fault Correlator automatically assigns a health status to all network devices and builds an internal model of the network using information from the SuperAgent s domain database and incoming traps When a network device or other application receives a trap the Fault Correlator uses the network model to determine which devices are related to the event It determines the severity of the event by comparing the trap to the predefined fault and state rules For detailed information about using the Fault Correlator tool refer to Starting and Using Optivity Internetwork 7 1 114070 Rev B 4 11 Chapter 5 Customizing BOOTP Configuring SN
68. d on that interface The seconds field contains the minimum number of seconds that the router waits before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST packet If the value in the seconds field of the packet is less than the value of the Timeout Secs parameter you configured on the interface the router drops the packet The hops field contains the maximum number of hops that a packet can take between the source and destination devices If the packet has traversed more hops than the value of the hops parameter you specified for that interface the router drops the packet If the router accepts the packet it alters the packet by e Incrementing the hops field by 1 114070 Rev B 2 27 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services e Writing the IP address of the input interface to the gateway IP address field The router then determines which networks should receive this packet and broadcasts it to other networks through a forwarding route that you specify when you configure the router for BOOTP services If the BOOTP packet has to travel to a network through another router you must specify the forwarding route using one of the following methods e Configure the second router for BOOTP services In this case the second router inspects the packet in the same way as the first router and increments the hops field by 1 The second router will not however replace the address in the gateway IP address field because servers will reply to the
69. dcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet The DHCPREQUEST packet contains the address of the target server in the server IP address field 114070 Rev B 2 33 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services The router receives the packet and forwards it to all servers Those servers examine the packet and if their IP addresses differ from the value in the server IP address field they reclaim the IP addresses they supplied in the DHCPOFFER packets These addresses are now available for other clients The target server recognizes its IP address in the server IP address field and responds to the DHCPREQUEST packet as follows e Ifthe target server can supply the requested configuration parameters it sends a DHCPACK packet to the client through the BOOTP relay agent The client examines the configuration parameters in the DHCPACK packet and records the duration of the lease period If the client detects a problem with the configuration parameters it sends a DHCPDECLINE packet to the server and issues a new DHCPDISCOVER packet Otherwise the client accepts the configuration parameters e Ifthe target server cannot supply the requested configuration parameters it sends a DHCPNAK packet to the client through the BOOTP relay agent When the client receives the DHCPNAK packet it broadcasts a new DHCPDISCOVER packet and the process begins again A client may choose to relinquish its IP address before the lease period expires by sending a
70. default parameters as described in Chapter 1 and that you understand the SNMP concepts in Chapter 2 You can enable SNMP services most easily by accepting all the default parameter values However you may want to change these values depending on your network requirements This chapter describes choices you can make to use SNMP most effectively on your network Customizing SNMP Global Parameters After you have enabled SNMP you can customize SNMP global parameters Disabling and Reenabling SNMP When you enable IP on an interface SNMP is automatically enabled on that interface and default values are in effect for all SNMP parameters refer to Appendix B for parameter defaults To disable the SNMP agent on all IP interfaces set the Enable Disable parameter to Disable To reenable the SNMP agent on all IP interfaces set the Enable Disable parameter to Enable Site Manager Enable parameter page A 2 114070 Rev B 3 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Caution When you disable the SNMP agent in dynamic mode you immediately prohibit Site Manager from communicating with the router Enabling and Disabling SNMP Locking The SNMP locking mechanism prohibits the SNMP agent from responding to multiple network management stations issuing simultaneous SNMP set commands to the router The SNMP locking mechanism is enabled by default This means that the SNMP agent identifies the station from
71. e you would enable BOOTP on the interfaces indicated in Figure 5 1 114070 Rev B 5 3 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Booting routers Enable BOOTP on these interfaces BOOTP server Fr Corporate backbone Iz mmm NPA0007A Figure 5 1 Enabling BOOTP in a Sample Network To enable BOOTP on an interface 1 Inthe Configuration Manager window click on the connector The Edit Connector window opens 2 Select Edit Circuit The Circuit Definition window opens 3 Select Protocols Add The Select Protocols window opens 4 Select BOOTE 5 Click on OK 6 Select File Exit to exit the Circuit Definition window 5 4 114070 Rev B Customizing BOOTP Specifying Interfaces to Receive and Relay BOOTREQUEST Packets You can specify a forwarding route for BOOTREQUEST packets by defining a relationship between an interface you want to receive BOOTREQUEST packets and another to transmit BOOTREQUEST packets When you define this type of relationship the interface pair appears in the BOOTP relay agent forwarding table Depending on the configuration of your network you can specify e One input IP interface to forward packets to multiple output IP interfaces Multiple input interfaces to forward to multiple output interfaces e Multiple input interfaces to forward to one output interface Creating a BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table You must create
72. e to configure the Matrix group or to configure the Filter and Capture groups e Store the data for an RMON group for example to store the packets on Ethernet DCM captures In the following sections the word configuration means the set of control tables for a group For example a Matrix configuration includes only the matrixControlTable Note that you can create more than one configuration for some RMON groups For example you can create more than one History configuration allowing you to specify different intervals for sampling statistics Interoperability Issues and Memory Use for RMON Groups You should understand the following issues about each RMON group s memory requirements and ability to operate with third party RMON network management applications Statistics Group When you enable the Ethernet DCM the RMON agent automatically creates a Statistics configuration that records data for each network interface Through your RMON network management application you can create as many Statistics configurations as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations If you create multiple configurations it is possible to collect the same set of statistics for the same interface in multiple data tables The absolute values of those statistics may vary from table to table since the baseline of each statistics counter occurs when you create a configuration You may prefer however to use only one Statistics configuration
73. e Support Source M CD contains extracts from our problem tracking database information from the Bay Networks Forum on CompuServe comprehensive technical documentation such as Customer Support Bulletins Release Notes software patches and fixes and complete information on all Bay Networks Service programs You can run a single version on Macintosh Windows 3 1 Windows 95 Windows NT DOS or UNIX computing platforms A Web links feature enables you to go directly from the CD to various Bay Networks Web pages CompuServe For assistance with noncritical network support issues Bay Networks Information Services maintain an active forum on CompusServe a global bulletin board system This forum provides file services technology conferences and a message section to get assistance from other users The message section is monitored by Bay Networks engineers who provide assistance wherever possible Customers and resellers holding Bay Networks service contracts also have access to special libraries for advanced levels of support documentation and software To take advantage of CompuServe s recently enhanced menu options the Bay Networks Forum has been redesigned to allow links to our Web sites and FTP sites We recommend the use of CompuServe Information Manager software to access these Bay Networks Information Services resources To open an account and receive a local dialup number in the United States call CompuServe at 1 800 524 3388 Ou
74. eati d edad 7 2 Specifying the Clients IP Address sssssssssseeeeeeenenn nns 7 2 DS aN G RARP GRADY ANTE o D D 7 3 Deletng BRP GIOBSIDE suraia a sede e teda o e tre 7 3 Appendix A SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions SNMP Global ParamelBlS 5 usos eMa Deo VR De GER r e EQ Fam EL D PEE EG C rer Cd A 2 SNMP Community PatamielBlg used e tedio u saa ee a Lb ade dese du uu ubi Aud A 4 SNMP Marager PAP AIT EG incr i e R A 5 SNMP Trap linteripte PRERTHBLBES esscecb n ati niian NNN A 6 SNMP Threshold Global Parameters iore diete Le IR Mtn EF PR REEF oa kp FCR SA DELE ek DO REF LAM ER A 7 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters sss enne A 8 DGM Global Fe IONS eiua aic Laden Feb RI o Ne dee ee UR Ebr male DE REIS PARRA Po FRE e EEUU A 14 BOOTP and DHCP Parameters ccs uuenecesi ree rond HERR DA Re nne RR TRUM A 19 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Parameters sse A 19 BOOTP Address Parameters enisi bailar sd ateh vers denk eben arai Uk bc efus ra sand A 21 BOOTP Client Interface Address Parameters esee A 23 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters sssssssess A 24 RAPP Interface Parameters E uisa aint E PE EN A 26 RARP Address anu ii er A 26 Appendix B Default Parameter Settings ro adel ca 1g oc iio iti iioc ce eap ee idet vt eae aee Oed pato ae Came rE EUN dd B 1 DOM tabsbal ParSielels e et
75. ends or never sends a trap to the network management station Refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for entity codes To configure a trap exception 1 In the Configuration Manager window select gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Exceptions The Trap Exceptions List window opens Click on Add The Add Trap window opens Specify the entity code and the event code number and specify Always or Never for the Always Never Trap parameter 114070 Rev B 3 9 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services 4 Click on OK Site Manager Entity Code parameter page A 6 Site Manager Event Code parameter page A 6 Site Manager Always Never Trap parameter page A 7 Deleting Trap Exceptions To delete a trap exception 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Exceptions The Trap Exceptions List window opens 2 Select the trap for which you want to delete the exception 3 Click on Delete Configuring Thresholds You can configure thresholds for any integer counter gauge or time tick variable in the MIB Refer to Chapter 2 for more information about using thresholds To configure a threshold you must have a good understanding of the MIB and be able to identify the instances of MIB objects to which you want to apply a threshold For complete information about identifying a MIB object or an i
76. ent transmits the packet DHCPDISCOVER TET Client packet to servers M on other networks gt m m n 4 BOOTP relay EL JL eu Servers transmit agent transmits DHCPOFFER DHCPOFFER packets to BOOTP packets to client relay agent Router BOOTP relay agent Figure 2 7 Identifying DHCP Servers SNM0005A 114070 Rev B 2 31 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To identify DHCP servers the client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet Figure 2 8 shows the fields in a DHCP packet The packet relay process uses these fields as follows 1 A BOOTP relay agent receives the packet and if it accepts the packet transmits it to DHCP servers on other networks Hardware address Operation 1 Hardware type 1 length 1 Hops 1 Transaction ID 4 Seconds 2 Flags 2 Client IP address 4 Your IP address 4 Server IP address 4 Gateway IP address 16 Client hardware address 16 Server name 64 File name 128 Options 312 The number in parentheses indicates the number of octets in each field Figure 2 8 Fields in a DHCP Packet 2 DHCP servers may respond with a DHCPOFFER packet that includes an available IP address in the your IP address field When a DHCP server offers an IP address that address is temporarily unavailable to other clients If the client does not accept or
77. ent IP address you must specify the IP address of the server that should receive the BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packet from the relay agent Site Manager Target Server IP Address parameter page A 24 Specifying the Target Server s Host Name If you want to keep track of the names of BOOTP and DHCP servers specify the target server s host name The host name cannot exceed 63 ASCII characters including embedded spaces Site Manager Target Name parameter page A 25 After you specify the IP address and host name of the target server the BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window shows the address pair you added and default values for the Enable Disable and Pass Through Mode parameters Disabling the Forwarding Route By default BOOTP and DHCP forwarding is enabled for the route that you configured You can disable BOOTP or DHCP forwarding on this route if you choose by setting the Disable Enable parameter to Disable Site Manager Enable Disable parameter page A 25 Filtering BOOTP and DHCP Packets You can control whether an interface transmits BOOTP packets DHCP packets or both to a server by configuring filters for these specific packets You configure this type of filter by setting the Pass Through Mode parameter in Site Manager The default setting is BOOTP and allows the interface to transmit only BOOTP packets Be sure to change the setting if you want to transmit DHCP messages Site
78. equests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 6 114070 Rev B A 25 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services RARP Interface Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure RARP interface parameters in the RARP Interface Table window Enable Disable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt Reverse ARP gt Interface Table Enable Enable Disable Reenable or disable the RARP interface you selected from the list of interfaces Select Enable to reenable a disabled interface Select Disable to disable an interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 9 3 1 2 RARP Address Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure RARP address parameters in the RARP Addresses window MAC Address Configuration Manager Protocols IP Reverse ARP Map Table Add None Any valid MAC address Specifies the MAC address of a client that will use the RARP services of this router Enter the MAC address of a client 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 9 2 1 2 A 26 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt Reverse ARP gt Map Table gt Add 0 0 0 0 Any valid IP address Specifie
79. er You can delete a manager from its associated community by deleting the manager s IP address from the list of SNMP managers To delete a manager 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols IP SNMP Communities The SNMP Community List window opens Select the community from which you want to delete the manager Select Community Managers The SNMP Manager List window for that community opens Select the manager you want to delete Select Manager Delete Manager The Delete SNMP Manager window opens Make sure the correct manager s IP address appears Click on Delete Configuring Traps on the Router A trap is an event that the router transmits to some external network device such as a network management station You can specify which log event traps the SNMP agent sends to the network management station as traps based on the following Slot number the number of the slot on which the trap will be received Entity number the code assigned to the entity issuing the event that uniquely identifies a router event Severity level indicates whether the trap is a fault warning information trace or debug message 114070 Rev B 3 7 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services A router never broadcasts traps on the network Rather if sends traps to specific IP addresses which you configure on the router as managers of a community Traps are always sent to specific managers
80. er materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties ii 114070 Rev B Bay Networks Software License Note This is Bay Networks basic license document In the absence of a software license agreement specifying varying terms this license or the license included with the particular product shall govern licensee s use of Bay Networks software This Software License shall govern the licensing of all software provided to licensee by Bay Networks Software Bay Networks will provide licensee with Software in machine readable form and related documentation Documentation The Software provided under this license is proprietary to Bay Networks and to third parties from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights
81. ers and partners worldwide Bay Networks Customer Service has Technical Response Centers in key locations around the globe e Billerica Massachusetts e Santa Clara California e Sydney Australia e Tokyo Japan e Valbonne France The Technical Response Centers are connected via a redundant Frame Relay Network to a Common Problem Resolution system enabling them to transmit and share information and to provide live around the clock support 365 days a year Bay Networks Information Services complement the Bay Networks Service program portfolio by giving customers and partners access to the most current technical and support information through a choice of access retrieval means These include the World Wide Web CompuServe Support Source CD Customer Service FTP and InfoFACTS document fax service 114070 Rev B xix Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Bay Networks Customer Service If you purchased your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact that distributor s or reseller s technical support staff for assistance with installation configuration troubleshooting or integration issues Customers can also purchase direct support from Bay Networks through a variety of service programs As part of our PhonePlus M program Bay Networks Service sets the industry standard with 24 hour 7 days a week telephone support available worldwide at no extra cost Our complete range of contrac
82. eshold equal to 205 You also set the polling interval to 20 seconds to indicate that every 20 seconds the agent should check variables for which you have configured thresholds You set the threshold action to Greaterthan and set the threshold levels and severity of events to the values listed in Table 2 2 Table 2 2 Example of Threshold and Severity Settings Threshold Level Low Medium High Depth of 102 153 205 Priority 1 4096 of capacity 6096 of capacity 8096 of capacity transmit queue Severity of event INFO INFO WARNING When you add this threshold to the MIB the agent polls the variable wfCctOptsCngcCfgQpl Threshold every 20 seconds and responds as follows e fits value is greater than 102 but less than or equal to 153 the manager logs an informational event indicating that the queue depth exceeded the low threshold e fits value is greater than 153 but less than or equal to 205 the manager logs an informational event indicating that the queue depth exceeded the medium threshold e fits value is greater than 205 the manager logs a warning event indicating that the queue depth exceeded the high threshold 2 8 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Event Message Format By default the threshold event messages include the MIB object identifier OID of the variable that exceeded the threshold the value of the variable and the threshold level exceeded For exam
83. et interface it monitors and places the entry in the EtherStatsTable The EtherStatsTable also contains control parameters for this group 114070 Rev B 2 13 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services History Group The History group contains a control and data collection function The control function manages the periodic statistical sampling of data from networks and specifies control parameters such as the frequency of data sampling in the historyControlTable The history function records periodic statistical samples from Ethernet networks for example interval start time and number of packets This function places the statistical samples in the etherHistoryTable Host Group The Host group identifies hosts on the network by recording the source and destination MAC addresses in good packets and places the information in the hostTable This group also records the time it discovered a host on the network in the hostTimeTable The hostControlTable specifies control parameters such as which monitoring operations the Ethernet DCM performs and contains some information about the monitoring process HostTopN Group The HostTopN group ranks hosts according to a statistic type For example you might want to rank the hosts by the number of errors they generate Control parameters for this group appear in the hostTopNControlTable and data this group generates appears in the hostTopNTable To use the HostTopN group you
84. fault Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Always Never Trap Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Exceptions gt Add None Always Never Specifies whether the SNMP agent always sends or never sends this trap to the network management station The instructions you specify in this field override the settings in the Trap Configuration window and affect traps sent from every slot in the router Select Always or Never 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 6 1 2 SNMP Threshold Global Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure SNMP threshold global parameters in the Edit Thresholds Global Parameters window Enable Disable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Thresholds gt Global Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the threshold feature on a router Select Enable to enable thresholds Select Disable to disable thresholds 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 1 1 114070 Rev B A 7 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Polling Interval Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Global 60 seconds 5 seconds minimum no maximum value Sets the time interval at which the a
85. g the Boot Option By default the DCM uses the image file in DCM local Flash memory as the DCM boot image If you want the DCM to use an image file on the ANH Flash memory as the DCM boot image set the Boot Option parameter to Download When the DCM boots in Download mode the DCMMW software moves a copy of the image to DCM shared memory You specify the downloaded image with the Image Name parameter If you want the DCM to use the image file in DCM local Flash memory as the DCM boot image remember to set the Boot Option parameter back to Local Site Manager Boot Option parameter page A 15 Saving the Boot Image File By default the DCM saves the boot image file to its local Flash memory writing over the existing saved image If you do not want to save the DCM boot image file the image remains in DRAM until the next time the DCM boots set the Image Save Mode parameter to No Save Site Manager Image Save Mode parameter page A 16 Specifying the Configuration Mode The configuration mode allows you to specify whether to use configuration information in the DCM Flash memory or in the DCM s shared memory space DRAM To use the default configuration information in the DCM local Flash memory set the Configuration Mode parameter to Local To use the configuration information in the DCM DRAM written by DCMMW from the ANH file system set the Configuration Mode parameter to Shared Memory Site Manage
86. gent polls the variable to determine whether that variable has reached the threshold Specify the number of seconds for the polling interval Remember that the more often the agent polls the variable the more memory it needs to manage the thresholds for this statistic 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 1 2 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure SNMP threshold interface parameters in the Thresholds Interface Lists window Threshold Enable Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds Enable Enable Disable Turns the threshold for this variable on and off Select Enable if you want the agent to apply the threshold to this variable Select Disable if you want the agent to ignore the threshold for this variable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 2 A 8 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Threshold Low Value Configuration Manager Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds 0 Any integer value Sets the value of the low threshold for this variable Specify the level at which you want the agent to generate a low threshold exception event 1 3 6 1 4 1 18
87. hapter 2 SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts SAI EAEN A NENA REA 2 1 EE EEEa e e A N E A ATT A EE TE A E 2 2 SNMP COMMUNES Pme E 2 4 SNMP Impemematoni WOES qiio itre EUH ERE ERG CRI ED RISE N 2 4 Internet Protocol IP T ici E E E TN T 2 5 Evens Amn TADE aii nan eexicateitacciiqntnnantceasncdeciontasestenteatenmaiacenddantonanes 2 5 Prato EB mariksana aiae exu dudit He dL aae 2 5 IDEAS eR ETT I T T 2 6 STEP TEREPPOEIRST died tad cre ore ey Et oat utn Edi arte err 2 6 TREGETIDIUE a ausu inte aces stir idet Cuesta ctetu SIUE 2 7 Treshold E XAMDE T 2 8 Event Message POET naai AA AEN 2 9 ole SI VUES IID oraaa a co Uis 2 9 Memory CONGIOSFAINING emt E adectariicueerececeies liane 2 9 RRON Sei alts onono apo e iita ba None e IRURE eU DoD R SUEDE AUREUS SES DEUS 2 10 How RMON Works Um TUN RS TE 2 10 RRON AE NN sectae Tri NEE N 2 12 HEIDE NGS aisian aa AARS 2 13 ucidge mej ge naaa edna eee 2 13 PisiB GRO a eodeni vadit Decade eas b s ad REOR c LA 2 14 Host GOUD ssion E E EE Someta PAE EE T EEEE 2 14 ise GOUD Mee eei 2 14 T rg delis o AES E A T E UU TM 2 14 Pitar EOD 25s as pb op duet em irte adobe r 2 14 IRE TOU qst e ERO NI CHR nue o Ue S Lo Rd e pta 2 15 PAIS CIO suerte eae eae NGC ia sui Sd dU PE du 2 15 Event NOU me 2 16 RMON Interoperability SSUES xiii pa i ER dre oa Y Rud ted prt ni a os E
88. ics to determine whether they have reached a threshold and reporting events when variables exceed thresholds require router processing capacity When you set many thresholds and use shorter polling intervals the router performance will probably decline 114070 Rev B 2 9 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services RMON Overview RMON is a standard MIB that defines current and historical MAC layer statistics and control objects allowing you to capture realtime information across the entire network The RMON standard is an SNMP MIB definition described in RFC 1757 formerly 1271 for Ethernet The RMON MIB provides a standard method to monitor the basic operations of the Ethernet providing inoperability between SNMP management stations and monitoring agents RMON also provides a powerful alarm and event mechanism for setting thresholds and for notifying you of changes in network behavior You can use RMON to analyze and monitor network traffic data within remote LAN segments from a central location This allows you to detect isolate diagnose and report potential and actual network problems before they escalate to crisis situations For example the Ethernet DCM can identify the hosts on a network that generate the most traffic or errors RMON allows you to set up automatic histories which the RMON agent collects over a period of time providing trending data on such basic statistics as utilization collisions and so fo
89. ide Disabling and Reenabling RARP Interfaces You can disable or reenable individual RARP interfaces by selecting them from a list of interfaces in the RARP Interface Table Site Manager Enable Disable parameter page A 26 114070 Rev B 7 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Defining the RARP Mapping Table The RARP mapping table lists the clients on the network that use the router s RARP services You define the router s MAC address to IP address RARP mapping table by specifying the MAC addresses of clients and the corresponding IP addresses that the RARP server assigns to those clients Specifying the Client s MAC Address You must specify the MAC address of a client that will use the RARP services of this router The client will include the MAC address you specify here in RARP broadcasts to the router Site Manager MAC Address parameter page A 26 Specifying the Client s IP Address You must specify the IP address corresponding to the value of the MAC Address parameter you specify Do not accept the default value When the router receives a RARP request from the client it assigns this IP address to the client and includes it in a response packet Site Manager IP Address parameter page A 27 7 2 114070 Rev B Customizing RARP Disabling RARP Globally To globally disable RARP from all router interfaces on which it is configured 1 In the Configur
90. indow opens 1 2 114070 Rev B Starting SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services In the IP Configuration window specify an IP address for this interface There is no default for the IP address You must supply an address or enter 0 0 0 0 to indicate that this is an unnumbered interface For information about unnumbered interfaces refer to Configuring IP Services Edit or accept default values for the remaining IP interface parameters e To accept the default values click on OK e The Configuration Manager window opens You can now customize IP interface parameters e To edit IP interface parameters click on Details e Refer to Configuring IP Services for information about editing IP interface parameters Customizing IP The instructions in this chapter show you how to start IP using the default values and settings For information about modifying IP settings refer to Configuring IP Services Starting RMON Before you can use RMON you must 1 Install an Ethernet DCM module in each router from which you want to collect RMON statistics The Ethernet DCM physically connects to the BayStack AN or BayStack ANH base module Refer to Installing an NII Data Collection Module DCM in a BayStack AN or Installing an N11 Data Collection Module DCM in an 8 Port ANH for detailed instructions on physically installing the Ethernet DCM hardware in a BayStack AN or BayStack ANH router Install the latest Etherne
91. ion Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use the following guidelines to configure SNMP manager parameters in the SNMP Manager window Trap Port Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities gt Community gt Managers gt Manager gt Add Manager Edit Manager 162 1 to 9999 Specifies the number of the port on the management station to which the agent sends traps The standard port number for trap messages is 162 however you may enter a different port number Be sure not to specify a port that another application uses 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 3 1 5 Trap Types Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities gt Community gt Managers gt Manager gt Add Manager Edit Manager Generic None Generic Specific All Specifies the type of trap the agent sends to this manager Select None to prohibit the agent from sending traps to this manager Select Generic to configure the agent to send the well defined SNMP traps cold start warm start and authentication failure traps to the manager The well defined cold start and warm start traps are automatically active in the SNMP agent however you must enable the Authentication Failure Traps global parameter for the agent to send such traps to this manager Select Specific to configure the agent software to send all enabled log event traps to
92. layer address that appears in the client hardware address field DHCP Overview DHCP is an extension of BOOTP and is also built on the client sever model DHCP provides a method for dynamically assigning IP addresses and configuration parameters to other IP hosts or clients in an IP network DHCP is specifically designed for servers in large network environments and complex TCP IP software configurations DHCP allows a host to automatically allocate reusable IP addresses and additional configuration parameters for client operation and allows the client server host to configure parameters not directly related to the IP protocol This feature allows the host to exchange packets with any other host on the network DHCP enables clients to obtain an IP address for a fixed length of time a lease period from remote servers DHCP servers Groups of hosts that do not need permanent IP addresses can lease an address from a limited pool of addresses The lease period can range from 1 minute to 99 years When the lease period expires the server can assign the IP address to another client on the network DHCP also enables clients to acquire the IP configuration parameters they need to communicate on a network The DHCP packet format is based on a BOOTP packet As a result DHCP uses the BOOTP relay agent to forward DHCP packets This scheme provides interoperability between the existing BOOTP clients and DHCP servers The BOOTP relay agent uses the same
93. le 2 5 Default Size Tar Capture BUNTE 2 oxide etu pcs alia beca oen Eo RUM RSS 2 23 Table 3 1 Trap Types Transmitted by the SNMP Agent seesssseeees 3 6 Table 4 1 Optivity Analysis RMON based Tools sse 4 8 Table B 1 SNMP Global Parameters B 1 Table B 2 SNMP Community Parameters sse B 1 Table B 3 SNMP Manager Parameters uuu ess dynia adanadan Rs aduana tn B 2 Table B 4 SNMP Trap Interface Parameters eesssseeeeeeeneennes B 2 Table B 5 SNMP Threshold Global Parameters seeeseeese B 2 Table B 6 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters iust tae B 2 Table B 7 DCOM EE SII ET D LT B 3 Table B 8 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Parameters sssssesesss B 4 Table B 9 BODIE Address PaSralllBIBIS imita do a B 4 Table B 10 BOOTP Client Interface Address Parameters essesss B 4 Table B 11 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters B 5 Table B 12 RARP Interface Para elble ssc cccisstscisineesstastivetanssiearexecivectsmaniasiicnhioses B 5 Table B 13 RARP Address Parameters essent nnns B 5 114070 Rev B xiii About This Guide If you are responsible for configuring and managing Bay Networks routers or BayStream platforms read this guide to learn how to configure and customize Simple Netwo
94. lows low medium or high threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred e Debug allows low medium or high threshold exceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems Site Manager Threshold Low Event Level parameter page A 9 Site Manager Threshold Medium Event Level parameter page A 10 Site Manager Threshold High Event Level parameter page A 11 3 12 114070 Rev B Customizing SNMP Specifying Threshold Units You can specify the units used to determine whether a variable has exceeded a threshold e To generate a threshold event when the variable s rate of change per second reaches one of the three thresholds set the Threshold Units parameter to Persecond e To generate a threshold event when the value of the variable reaches one of the three thresholds set the Threshold Units parameter to Absolute Site Manager Threshold Units parameter page A 12 Determining When to Record Threshold Events You can determine when the agent generates a threshold event by setting the Threshold Action parameter By default the agent generates a threshold event when the value of the variable you specify is greater than the threshold you specify If you want the agent to generate threshold events when the value of the variable is less than the threshold you specify set the Threshold Action parameter to Lessthan Site Manager Threshold Action parameter
95. lsely claiming to be in a particular community or specifying an unknown community When you enable the authentications failure trap feature on the router you must configure an SNMP community manager to receive the trap Refer to Configuring SNMP Community Managers later in this chapter You can prohibit the router from generating authentication failure traps by disabling the authentication failure trap feature Site Manager Authentication Failure Traps parameter page A 3 Configuring SNMP Community Parameters An SNMP community is a logical relationship between an SNMP agent and one or more SNMP managers The community has a name and all members of a community have the same access privileges either read only members can view configuration and performance information or read write members can view configuration performance information and also change the configuration This section describes how to add and delete the SNMP communities to which the SNMP agent responds or sends traps Adding an SNMP Community When you add an SNMP community you must specify the name of the community and the access privileges that the router grants to all members of the community Specifying a Community Name Specify a community name that consists of up to 63 characters including embedded spaces Site Manager Community Name parameter page A 4 114070 Rev B 3 3 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and
96. memory limitation for Alarm and Event groups is based on the memory resources allocated on the router base module rather than the Ethernet DCM memory resources The RMON Alarm and Event groups are maintained by the router base module All other RMON groups are supported on the Ethernet DCM Each Alarm entry requires 232 bytes Each Event entry requires 542 bytes The Log Table can accommodate up to 65 535 entries Each entry in the Log Table requires 267 bytes You cannot delete log entry rows Therefore as events are triggered and the event type specifies logging the Log Table increases in size Although there is no way to delete a specific log entry all log entries in the Log Table corresponding to a single event entry are deleted when the event entry is deleted BOOTP Relay Agent Overview BOOTP is built on the client server model and allows a diskless client to boot remotely from a server on the same network or on a different physical network The client broadcasts a request to boot from a remote server When a suitable server receives the BOOTREQUEST packet it responds to the client by issuing a BOOTREPLY packet which includes the client s IP address the address of the gateway and the address of a server The server then transmits the boot file to the client via a transfer protocol such as Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP Figure 2 4 illustrates how BOOTP works when the client and the server are on the same network The client t
97. mple you may want to set a filter to prevent BOOTP traffic from traversing a network segment that contains DHCP servers but not BOOTP servers You configure this type of filter by setting the Pass Through Mode parameter The default setting is BOOTP and allows the interface to transmit only BOOTP packets Be sure to change the setting if you want to transmit DHCP messages Site Manager Pass Through Mode parameter page A 20 5 2 114070 Rev B Customizing BOOTP Setting Up the Routing Path between the BOOTP Server and the Routers You must define the routing path between the BOOTP server and the routers to ensure the successful transmission of BOOTREQUEST packets from one end of the network to the other You define this routing path by e Enabling BOOTP forwarding on upstream routers e Creating a BOOTP relay agent forwarding table for each router in the path Enabling BOOTP on Router Interfaces Before you enable BOOTP on router interfaces make sure that the router is in forwarding mode Setting the router to forwarding mode allows the BOOTP relay agent to route forward all BOOTREQUEST packets and to process both broadcast packets and all packets explicitly addressed to it For instructions on configuring the router in forwarding mode refer to Configuring IP Services You must enable BOOTP also called BOOTP pass through or gateway on all interfaces in the paths between the routers and the BOOTP server For exampl
98. must set up the Host group Matrix Group The Matrix group stores statistics for an interchange between hosts at different addresses This group s control parameters such as number of hosts appear in the matrixControlTable When the Matrix group receives information from a good packet it places data in both the matrixSDTable and the matrixDS Table Filter Group The Filter group specifies what type of packets the Ethernet DCM should capture Filter control parameters such as the minimum length of the packets to capture appear in the filterTable Associated with each filter is a channel a specific path along which data flows Control parameters in the channelTable define how and where the filtered packets flow 2 14 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Capture Group The Capture group enables the capture of packets that satisfy the Filter group control parameters for a particular channel Control parameters in the bufferControlTable specify how to transfer data from the channelTable to the captureBufferTable For example you can specify the maximum number of octets from each packet that the group should store in the captureBufferTable To use the Capture group you must set up the Filter group Alarm Group The Alarm group allows you to set an alarm threshold and a sampling interval to enable the RMON agent to generate alarms on any network segment it monitors Alarm thresholds can be based on absolute o
99. nment regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Trademarks of Bay Networks Inc ACE AFN Bay Networks AN BCN BLN BN BNX CN FN FRE GAME LN Optivity PPX SynOptics SynOptics Communications Wellfleet and the Wellfleet logo are registered trademarks and ANH ASN BayeSIS BayStack BayStream BCNX BLNX EZ Install EZ Internetwork EZ LAN PathMan PhonePlus Quick2Config RouterMan SPEX Bay Networks Press the Bay Networks logo and the SynOptics logo are trademarks of Bay Networks Inc Third Party Trademarks All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Bay Networks Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Bay Networks Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product are Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and oth
100. nstance identifier refer to the statistics section of Managing Routers and BNX Platforms Disabling and Reenabling Thresholds By default the thresholds feature is enabled on all interfaces on which IP is configured To disable the thresholds feature set the Enable Disable parameter to Disable To reenable the thresholds feature set the Enable Disable parameter to Enable Site Manager Enable Disable parameter page A 7 3 10 114070 Rev B Customizing SNMP Setting the Threshold Polling Interval The threshold polling interval sets the time interval at which the agent polls the variable to determine whether that variable has reached a threshold You must set a minimum polling interval of 5 seconds there is no maximum value The default polling interval is 60 seconds When setting a polling interval remember that the more often the agent polls the variable the more memory it needs to manage the thresholds for this statistic Site Manager Polling Interval parameter page A 8 Adding a Threshold To add a threshold 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Protocols Global Protocols Thresholds Thresholds The Thresholds Interface Lists window opens Click on Add The Threshold Configuration window opens displaying a list of all MIB objects the agent supports Select the object to which you want to apply a threshold The object appears in the Object field Enter the instance
101. nstructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Boot Option Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM Local Local Download Specifies whether the DCM uses the image in its own Flash memory for booting or an image copied from the ANH file system to DCM shared memory DRAM Select Local to specify the image file in DCM local Flash memory as the DCM boot image Select Download to specify an image file on the ANH Flash memory as the DCM boot image When the DCM boots in Download mode DCMMYW software moves a copy of the image to DCM shared memory You specify the downloaded image using the Image Name parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 8 Image Name Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM None but you must specify an image name when the Boot Option parameter is set to Download An ASCII text string no more than 255 characters Specifies an image file on the ANH Flash memory file system as the boot image Enter the volume and file name for the image that you want the DCM to boot using the format volume number filename for example 1 dcm image 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 7 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Opti
102. nt Interface Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Disable Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether BOOTP is active on the network interface Select Enable to enable BOOTP on the network interface select Disable to disable BOOTP on the network interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 2 Hops Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table 4 1 to 16 hops Specifies the maximum number of hops from the client to the server A hop is the logical distance between two devices If the value in the hops field of a BOOTREQUEST packet is greater than the number you specify for this parameter the router drops the packet Accept the default of 4 hops or specify a number from 1 to 16 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 5 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Timeout Secs Configuration Manager Protocols IP BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table 0 0 to 65535 seconds Specifies the minimum number of seconds that the router waits before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST pa
103. olds adding 3 11 defining state of 2 9 definition 2 7 enabling 3 10 memory considerations 2 9 severity levels 2 8 trap messages 2 5 format 2 6 severity levels 2 6 traps 2 2 configuring 3 7 to 3 10 exceptions 3 9 U unnumbered interfaces using for BOOTP and DHCP services 5 8 W World Wide Web Bay Networks home page on xxi Index 4 114070 Rev B
104. ons Function Instructions MIB Object ID Image Save Mode Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM Save Save No Save Specifies whether the DCM saves the active image in its local Flash memory or keeps the image in shared DRAM only To save the DCM boot image file to the DCM local Flash memory writing over the existing saved image select Save Select the No Save option if you do not want to save the DCM boot image file The image remains in DRAM until the next time the DCM boots 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 9 Configuration Mode Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM Local Local Shared Memory Specifies whether to use configuration information in the DCM Flash memory or in the DCM shared memory space DRAM Select Local to use the default configuration information in the DCM local Flash memory Select Shared Memory to use the configuration information in the DCM DRAM written by DCMMW from the ANH file system 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 10 A 16 114070 Rev B Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SNMP DCM BOOTP DHCP and RARP Parameter Descriptions Save Configuration Info Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global g
105. ool normal network comprising threshold Alarms and behavior on all values for all segments Flexible sample Events segments Builds model statistically 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services For detailed information about how to install configure and customize the RMON based tools for use with RMON refer to Using Optivity Analysis 7 0 Using Optivity LAN with RMON Optivity LAN offers two tools you can use to monitor network statistics collected by the Ethernet DCM Threshold Manager and Fault Correlator These tools allow you to set thresholds on integer based RMON objects and display trap information when the threshold is exceeded Threshold Manager Tool After you establish a level of performance that you consider normal for your network you can set up your system to generate responses whenever your network performance becomes abnormal As well as generating fault information you can set thresholds that initiate alarms whenever specified unfavorable network conditions occur Whenever a threshold is met or exceeded the specified event occurs and the alarm is triggered The Optivity application allows you to set thresholds specific to a slot or port With Threshold Manager you can perform the following network management tasks e Display thresholds e Add delete and modify thresholds Define custom thresholds on any MIB object RMON only e Save and load thresholds to an
106. or interoperability purposes Licensee must notify Bay Networks in writing of any such intended examination of the Software and Bay Networks may provide review and assistance Notwithstanding any foregoing terms to the contrary if licensee licenses the Bay Networks product Site Manager licensee may duplicate and install the Site Manager product as specified in the Documentation This right is granted solely as necessary for use of Site Manager on hardware installed with licensee s network This license will automatically terminate upon improper handling of Software such as by disclosure or Bay Networks may terminate this license by written notice to licensee if licensee fails to comply with any of the material provisions of this license and fails to cure such failure within thirty 30 days after the receipt of written notice from Bay Networks Upon termination of this license licensee shall discontinue all use of the Software and return the Software and Documentation including all copies to Bay Networks Licensee s obligations under this license shall survive expiration or termination of this license 114070 Rev B Contents About This Guide Bere VOU BON ecciuctudut cicer temmer Eta Nace Rond uou epe dtebud mrrrerer rrr cl cpu ran srrrrecen mre xvi IOONRITIDEMS radinan eet ee E AE aed ateaue etu tA E RAD CU tian xvi PPO WS aaar E aaa xvii Ordering Bay Networks PUDIISUOFIS iussisse ite kat nda d tur adanan xviii Technical Supp
107. ort and Online Services Bay Networks Customer Ol VI ccce b due cesis Epi aa aaar xx Bay Networks Intorraalion Services ceca eni eret ni bnt Freikarten Ret S adire xxi Woa N No ss EE ELS STET xxi Customer Seite dj epe cau rents a niente xxi SUDBOLL ODUIES TUB dese pus deti esed auo dpudufdu tub dad fada icu bata eee mtr e aS DES xxii DanpuS Sl VE seisein M T US xxii Julie sien TT xxiii p sy cio Rei i MERERETUR T S xxiii Chapter 1 Starting SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Benice 0 08 crure etry Pert ene rene petra ery aaa 1 1 Starting SNMP Services n TUN 1 2 EHE IF onan MS HAC aco asc ERO tei ibt dot ta etl a tee ria 1 2 Jed TREN TP pre IP ata iscsi casas ead E UO o 1 3 SUE gt ee t el e rte reer re metre eoncer re remattr eet rere nen ference ee eter eerie worn re 1 3 Enabling me Ethernet DOM aude det e cO e a e vade ton ds 1 4 Customizing the Ethernet DOM ssssss E E ET errain 1 4 Stard BOOTP SONCE T 1 5 Enabling BOOIP ONAN IMENICE cinia deade aiaiai EAE 1 5 Custome na BOOI arae N 1 5 Sarun o OOP sei TL PU 1 6 Enabling DHCP OD S IIBER cuite ice ea aa epa bu p ry 1 6 114070 Rev B V pe tA pep P pr e 1 7 SOS RARP NN G eiiiai dadceat weaning tists eos cat ud ua ARS aaiae 1 7 Enabling RARP ont IMG aCe scrunpnninidae iee aa 1 7 Gistome ro RAPE RE ES 1 8 C
108. ou have configured Specifying the Trap Port By default the standard port number on the managing station to which the SNMP agent transmits traps is 162 To use a different UDP port number specify a value from 1 to 9999 Be sure that you do not specify a port that another application uses Site Manager Trap Port parameter page A 5 Specifying a Trap Type You can specify one of four types of traps that the SNMP agent can transmit to the manager Generic Specific All or None Table 3 1 describes these four trap options Table 3 1 Trap Types Transmitted by the SNMP Agent TrapType Description Generic This is the default trap type It transmits the well defined SNMP traps cold start warm start and authentication failure traps to the manager The well defined cold start and warm start traps are automatically active in the SNMP agent however you must enable the Authentication Failure Traps attribute for the agent to transmit such traps to a specified manager Specific Allows you to configure the agent software to transmit all enabled log event traps to a specified manager All Allows you to transmit cold start and warm start traps and all enabled log event traps to a specified manager None Prohibits the SNMP agent from transmitting traps to a specified manager 3 6 114070 Rev B Customizing SNMP Site Manager Trap Types parameter page A 5 Deleting a Manag
109. page A 12 Specifying Maximum Successive Alarms A maximum successive alarm represents two or more polling periods when the agent generates an alarm as a result of an exception at the same threshold level You can specify an integer to determine the maximum number of successive alarms that the agent generates for a variable When the agent exceeds the maximum number of alarms it marks the threshold as held The agent generates no more alarms until the variable either crosses the threshold at a different level or crosses no threshold for the number of polling intervals equal to the value of the Threshold HoldDown Intervals parameter Site Manager Threshold Max Successive Alarms parameter page A 13 114070 Rev B 3 13 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Specifying Polling Intervals for Held Variables You can specify an integer value to determine the number of exception free polling intervals through which a variable in a held state must pass before the variable is no longer considered held The lower the number you specify the more likely the agent is to generate repetitive event messages for a variable that is intermittently exceeding thresholds Site Manager Threshold HoldDown Intervals parameter page A 13 Specifying a Threshold Object Name By default the ASN 1 object identifier is the object name that appears in the Threshold Label parameter field You can replace the AS
110. ple if the wfCctOptsCngcCfgQpl Threshold variable has a value of 120 the agent generates an event message similar to the following 1 08 27 96 10 53 20 802 INFO SLOT 2 STA CODE 6 Object 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 4 10 1 24 with value 120 units hour is low threshold You can however identify objects more easily by configuring the software to report the object name rather than the OID in the event message To configure the software to report the object name in the event message use the Threshold Label parameter refer to Appendix A For example if you set the Threshold Label parameter to wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1Threshold the agent generates an event message similar to the following 1 08 27 96 10 53 20 802 INFO SLOT 2 STA CODE 6 Object wfCctOptsCngcCfgQplThreshold with value 120 units hour is low threshold State of a Threshold If the collision rate stays above a threshold for an extended period of time the agent continues to generate a new event every 5 seconds You can specify the maximum number of event messages you want the agent to generate before it changes the threshold s state to held When the threshold is in a held state the agent does not generate new events unless the statistic exceeds the threshold at a different level If the statistic does not exceed any threshold for a specified number of polling periods the agent no longer considers the threshold held Memory Considerations Polling statist
111. r Configuration Mode parameter page A 16 114070 Rev B 4 3 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Saving the Configuration Information You can specify whether or not to save the configuration information in DRAM to the DCM Flash memory To save the configuration information in DRAM to the DCM Flash memory writing over the existing configuration file set the Save Configuration Info parameter to Write To avoid overwriting the DCM configuration file set the Save Configuration Info parameter to No Write Site Manager Save Configuration Info parameter page A 17 Specifying the Maximum Number of RMON Hosts You can specify the maximum number of host addresses to be collected in each entry of the RMON host control table The maximum limit depends on the amount of Flash memory available in the DCM When the host control table reaches the maximum value the DCM deletes entries based on an LRU least recently used algorithm The RMON Max Host parameter relates to the RMON Host group To verify the number of hosts configured check the MIB object wfDCMmsRMONHost using the Site Manager Statistics tool Site Manager RMON Max Host parameter page A 17 Disabling the RMON Host Control Table By default the RMON Default Host parameter is enabled which causes the router to create the RMON host control table each time you boot the Ethernet DCM Some RMON network management applications e
112. r and router software For instructions refer to Upgrading Routers from Version 7 10xx to Version 11 0 Conventions angle brackets gt bold text brackets italic text quotation marks screen text Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example if command syntax is ping jp address you enter ping 192 32 10 12 Indicates text that you need to enter command names and buttons in menu paths Example Enter wfsm amp Example Use the dinfo command Example ATM DXI gt Interfaces gt PVCs identifies the PVCs button in the window that appears when you select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu Indicate optional elements You can choose none one or all of the options Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions new terms file and directory names and book titles Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book Indicates data that appears on the screen Example Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters xvi 114070 Rev B separator gt vertical line I Acronyms ASN 1 BOOTP CMIP DCM DHCP DLCI FDDI IP MAC PDU PVC RARP RIP RMON SNMP TFTP UDP WAN About This Guide Separates menu and option names in instructions and internal pin to pin wire connections Example Protocols gt AppleTalk identifies the AppleTalk option in
113. r delta values so that you can be notified of rapid spikes or drops in a monitored value Each alarm is linked to an event in the event group An event defines an action that will be triggered when the alarm threshold is exceeded The alarm group periodically takes statistical samples from variables in the Ethernet DCM and compares them to previously configured thresholds The Alarm Table stores configuration entries that define a variable a polling period and threshold parameters If the RMON agents determines that a sample crosses the threshold values it generates an event The RMON agent monitors any variables that resolve to an ASN 1 primitive type of integer integer counter gauge or TimeTick in this way You can specify rising or falling thresholds indicating network faults such as slow throughput or other network related performance problems You specify rising thresholds when you want to be notified that an alarm has risen above the threshold you specified You specify falling thresholds when you want to be notified that the network is behaving normally again For example you might specify a falling threshold of 30 collisions per second to indicate a return to acceptable behavior When you configure an alarm condition you must define the following values e The monitoring interval over which data is sampled e The variable to be sampled e Rising and falling thresholds used to detect when network trouble starts and when it ends
114. ransmits a BOOTREQUEST packet to the IP broadcast address 255 255 255 255 The server sends a BOOTREPLY packet to the client Depending on the server s implementation the server addresses the packet to either the broadcast or the client s IP address 2 24 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Client broadcasts a request to boot from a remote server BOOTREQUEST i Ps EE E LEE Li 4 Sc L Server sends acknowledgment to the client BOOTREPLY Plt LILLI Client Server SNM0002A Figure 2 4 BOOTP Client and Server on the Same Physical Network If however the client and the server are on different physical networks a BOOTP relay agent also known as a BOOTP gateway must forward BOOTP packets to their correct destinations When you configure a Bay Networks router for BOOTP services the router acts as a BOOTP relay agent Figure 2 5 illustrates how BOOTP works when the client and the server are on different physical networks 114070 Rev B 2 25 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Server 1 Client broadcasts 2 BOOTP relay H a request to boot from a agent transmits remote server BOOTREQUEST PEE Client BOOTREQUEST packet to servers LELTI on other networks NEUE E EE gt L Li m z
115. resses to its clients on the local area network When you configure a router to use RARP services it acts as a RARP server A RARP server supplies clients on the same physical or logical LAN with IP addresses Figure 2 10 RARP request What is my IP address gt lt RARP response 192 32 2 23 P LILLI HAM Router RARP server L Server SNM0007A Figure 2 10 RARP Server Supplying an IP Address 114070 Rev B 2 35 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To use RARP services you must set up a MAC address to IP address mapping table This table lists the MAC addresses of clients and the corresponding IP addresses that the RARP server should assign to those clients When a client needs to acquire an IP address the following interchange takes place 1 The client broadcasts a RARP request specifying its MAC address 2 Upon receiving a RARP request the router refers to its MAC address to IP address mapping table then sends the client a response packet containing the corresponding IP address 3 Theclient examines the response packet to learn its IP address You can configure RARP support on Ethernet and Token Ring interfaces and on the Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI 2 36 114070 Rev B Chapter 3 Customizing SNMP This chapter describes how to customize SNMP services It assumes you have configured an IP interface using the
116. rface Scripts for information about accessing the DCM MIB using set get and commit command with the MIB object ID Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration e Enable disable and reboot the Ethernet DCM Refer to Using Technician Interface Scripts for information about using the enable disable dcmmw scripts Caution Avoid running scripts that continually issue Technician Interface commands while you are running another RMON network management application This combination can cause the SNMP agent to fill the system buffers with RMON data causing a system restart 4 6 114070 Rev B Customizing a DCM for RMON Viewing and Analyzing Statistics Using Optivity Once you have enabled the DCM on a BayStack AN or ANH router and the DCM is collecting Ethernet statistics you can use Optivity Analysis and Optivity LAN software to view analyze and monitor network statistics Using Optivity Analysis with RMON Optivity Analysis is a set of graphical network management applications based on RMON These Optivity applications offer powerful RMON based tools that work together to keep your network working optimally Each RMON tool is a complete application After the tool requests and receives information from the network management station if processes the information and displays a graphical summary of network
117. rk Management Protocol SNMP remote monitoring RMON Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP and Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP Refer to this guide for Instructions for starting SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP using default parameter values supplied by the software Chapter 1 Conceptual information to help you decide how to configure SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP on your network Chapter 2 Instructions for customizing SNMP Chapter 3 Instructions for configuring and managing the data collection module DCM for RMON Chapter 4 Instructions for customizing BOOTP Chapter 5 Instructions for customizing DHCP Chapter 6 Instructions for customizing RARP Chapter 7 Descriptions of SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP parameters and instructions for editing them Appendix A Default parameter settings Appendix B 114070 Rev B XV Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Before You Begin Before using this guide you must complete the following procedures e Install the router refer to the installation manual that came with your router e Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file refer to Quick Starting Routers and BNX Platforms Connecting BayStack AN and ANH Systems to a Network or Connecting ASN Routers and BNX Platforms to a Network Make sure that you are running the latest version of Bay Networks Site Manage
118. rnet DCM from the Configuration Manager window 1 Select Platform DCM 11 0 and later Create Base Module DCM The Edit Base Module DCM Parameters window opens 2 Click on OK to accept the default configuration parameters Once the Ethernet DCM is enabled and collecting statistics you can use Optivity LAN software or a third party RMON network management application to view and analyze statistics Customizing the Ethernet DCM For information about customizing the DCMMW configuration parameters refer to Managing the Ethernet DCM in Chapter 4 1 4 114070 Rev B Starting SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Starting BOOTP Services Before you can run BOOTP services you must enable IP on the router You can however enable IP and BOOTP on the router simultaneously If you want to add BOOTP to a circuit on which you have already configured IP refer to Configuring Routers for more information about adding a protocol When you enable BOOTP you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies values for the remaining parameters Enabling BOOTP on an Interface When you select either a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window opens Note The Select Protocols window displays only those protocols that the circuit type supports To enable BOOTP on an interface 1 Select BOOTP from the Select Protocols menu
119. rth Using a network management application such as Optivity LAN or Optivity Analysis you can retrieve histories to understand network usage patterns Because RMON automates this data collection and provides better data to the planning process the process is easier and the outcome more accurate How RMON Works A typical RMON configuration consists of a central network management station and a remote monitoring device called an RMON agent The network management station can be a Windows based or UNIX based workstation or PC running a network management application such as Optivity Analysis From the management station you can issue SNMP commands requesting information from the RMON agent The RMON agent sends the requested information to the management station which then processes and displays this information on its console 2 10 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts The RMON agent is software that resides on a DCM within a Bay Networks BayStack AN or ANH router on a remote network As packets travel across the network the RMON agent continuously collects and analyzes Ethernet data in real time on a remote LAN segment and stores the data locally in the Ethernet DCM according to the RMON MIB specification defined in RFC 1757 You can have multiple RMON agents running in different segments of the network usually one per subnet Figure 2 2
120. s you must reboot the Ethernet DCM for these changes to take effect You do this by reenabling the Ethernet DCM if it is in a disabled state Site Manager Enable Disable parameter page A 14 Deleting the Ethernet DCM Software Subsystem The router requires the DCMMW software to communicate with the Ethernet DCM Deleting DCMMW deactivates the Ethernet DCM Note Always try disabling the Ethernet DCM by setting the Enable Disable parameter to Disable before you delete the DCMMW software 114070 Rev B 4 5 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To completely deactivate the Ethernet DCM 1 In the Configuration Manager window select Platform DCM 11 0 and later Delete Base Module DCM only The Configuration Manager displays a confirmation prompt 2 Click on OK The Configuration Manager deletes the DCMMW base record bringing the Ethernet DCM completely down After deleting the Ethernet DCM configuration you can reactivate the Ethernet DCM by selecting Platform DCM 11 0 and later Create Base Module DCM to re create the DCMMW record Managing a DCM Using the Technician Interface You can use the Technician Interface commands to Download a new Ethernet DCM software image Refer to Upgrading Routers from Version 7 10 xx to Version 11 0 for information about using the dcmload script Display or modify DCMMW configuration parameters Refer to Using Technician Inte
121. s the corresponding IP address for the client with the MAC address you specified using the MAC Address parameter When the router receives a RARP request from the client the router assigns this IP address to the client and includes it in a response packet Enter the IP address corresponding to the value of the MAC Address parameter Do not accept the default value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 9 2 1 3 114070 Rev B A 27 Appendix B Default Parameter Settings SNMP Parameters Tables B 1 through B 4 list the Site Manager default parameter settings for SNMP Table B 1 SNMP Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Use Lock Enable Lock TimeOut 2 minutes Authentication Failure Traps Enable Table B 2 SNMP Community Parameters Parameter Default Community Name None Access Read Only 114070 Rev B B 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Table B 3 SNMP Manager Parameters Parameter Default Trap Port 162 Trap Types Generic Table B 4 SNMP Trap Interface Parameters Parameter Default Entity Code None Event Code None Always Never Trap None Table B 5 SNMP Threshold Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Disable Enable Polling Interval 60 seconds Table B 6 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters Parameter Default Threshold Enable Enable Threshold
122. seene 3 12 apicnariag Threshold UGS 4er FE P9 Eo nnd COT A Pn Ce i Y C CU Oo n Codd 3 13 Determining When to Record Threshold Events ccccccccccccssceecsseeeeseeeeesteeeeseeeees 3 13 Specifying Maximum Successive AlariTi amp 1 5 o ocio aae irren titt oett karen 3 13 Specifying Polling Intervals for Held Variables ssssseseeeene 3 14 Specityng a Threshold Object Name niece tbe eb tede dtr esee ibl ia lacu Eee E Eo Ui dRUS 3 14 Chapter 4 Customizing a DCM for RMON Ethernet DOM and AMON SUMMARY ue cuiiua cett nrbt tud bt ad du bd duae nip dn 4 1 Moding THE DCM C Omnigura ti Mee 4 2 Specifying the DCM Boot Image Name sese ene 4 2 POSEN YING this Boot GON cisci taa ii Eod eddie Ser abel ee lade bo ted sd tete o dla bou de dik ase ene 4 3 Savina he Bogi mage FE merece E 4 3 Specifying the Configuration Moge eiiis tti ananin aiaa 4 3 Saving the Configuration Information ME 4 4 Specifying the Maximum Number of RMON Hosts ssseeeeenn 4 4 Disabling the RMON Host Control Table 1 iecur ieen eene aerea attt ena a ntn ue 4 4 Disabling the RMON Default Matrix Table sssessssesseenerennn 4 5 Hebobsnd ihe Ethernet DOM autore atectese sib n eX E Gr EV CH Rr ERREUR LX RR D LEER CRUS 4 5 Deleting the Ethernet DCM Software Subsystem 4 5 Managing a DCM Using the Technician Interface
123. software subsystem enables and configures an installed DCM 114070 Rev B 4 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Using Site Manager or the Technician Interface you configure the DCMMW to Enable the Ethernet DCM with a default configuration refer to Chapter 1 e Modify the Ethernet DCM configuration e Boot the Ethernet DCM e Disable the DCM Modifying the DCM Configuration You can modify the DCM configuration on an installed Ethernet DCM by changing the DCMMW configuration parameters Before you can change DCMMW configuration parameters for an installed Ethernet DCM you must temporarily disable the Ethernet DCM from collecting data When you finish changing the DCMMW configuration parameters you must reenable the Ethernet DCM for these changes to take effect Site Manager Enable Disable parameter page A 14 Specifying the DCM Boot Image Name By default the DCM uses the boot image in its own Flash memory for booting If the Boot Option parameter is set to Download you must specify a boot image from the ANH Flash memory The boot image name cannot exceed 255 characters To specify the DCM boot image enter the volume and file name for the image you want the DCM to boot using the following format lt volume_number filename gt For example 1 dcm_image Site Manager Image Name parameter page A 15 4 2 114070 Rev B Customizing a DCM for RMON Specifyin
124. ss control characteristics You assign each community a unique name within the agent and all members of a community have the same access privileges either read only or read write e Read only members can view configuration and performance information e Read write members can view configuration and performance information and also change the configuration By defining a community an agent limits access to its MIB to a selected set of management stations By using more than one community the agent can provide different levels of MIB access to different management stations All SNMP message exchanges consist of a community name and a data field which contains the SNMP operation and its associated operands You can configure the SNMP agent to receive requests and send responses only from managers that are members of a known community If the agent knows the community name in the SNMP message and knows that the manager generating the request is a member of that community it considers the message to be authentic and gives it the access allowed for members of that community Thus the SNMP community prevents unauthorized managers from viewing or changing the configuration of a router SNMP Implementation Notes This section contains information about features specific to the Bay Networks implementation of SNMP 2 4 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Internet Protocol IP SNMP uses the User Datagram Pro
125. strictions of this license Licensee shall not make the resulting software available for use by any third party Neither title nor ownership to Software passes to licensee Licensee shall not provide or otherwise make available any Software in whole or in part in any form to any third party Third parties do not include consultants subcontractors or agents of licensee who have licensee s permission to use the Software at licensee s facility and who have agreed in writing to use the Software only in accordance with the restrictions of this license Third party owners from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights to software that is incorporated into Bay Networks products shall have the right to enforce the provisions of this license against licensee Licensee shall not remove or obscure any copyright patent trademark trade secret or similar intellectual property or restricted rights notice within or affixed to any Software and shall reproduce and affix such notice on any backup copy of Software or copies of software resulting from modification or combination performed by licensee as permitted by this license 114070 Rev B iii Bay Networks Software License continued 10 11 12 Licensee shall not reverse assemble reverse compile or in any way reverse engineer the Software Note For licensees in the European Community the Software Directive dated 14 May 1991 as may be amended from time to time shall apply f
126. t Base Module DCM Save Save No Save Specifies whether or not to save the configuration information in DRAM to the DCM Flash memory Select Save to save the configuration information in DRAM to the DCM Flash memory writing over the existing configuration file Select No Save to avoid overwriting the DCM configuration file 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 11 RMON Max Host Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base Module DCM 500 100 to 8128 Relates to the RMON Host group Indicates the maximum number of host addresses to be collected in each entry of the RMON host control table The maximum limit depends on the amount of Flash memory available in the DCM When the host control table reaches the maximum value the DCM deletes entries based on an LRU least recently used algorithm Recommended values based on DCM memory configurations are 2 to 4 MB 2048 3 MB 4096 16 MB 8128 To verify the number of hosts configured check the MIB object wfDCMmwRMONHost using the Site Manager Statistics tool 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 16 2 1 12 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID RMON Default Host Configuration Manager gt Platform gt DCM 11 0 and later gt Global gt Base
127. t DCM software image in the Ethernet DCM s Flash memory to ensure that the Ethernet DCM runs properly on your router 114070 Rev B Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To run RMON on a Version 11 0 or later Bay Networks router the router must be running a Version 1 4 or later DCM image If the router has an earlier version of DCM the RMON Summary application returns an error message telling you that the router does not support RMON For information about upgrading your router and the DCM image refer to Upgrading Routers from Version 7 10 xx to Version 11 0 The upgrade guide also describes how to determine the version of DCM you are currently running 3 Configure an Ethernet interface for each LAN segment you want to monitor 4 Install and configure on your network management station an RMON network management application such as Optivity LAN or Optivity Analysis to view and analyze statistics generated by the Ethernet DCM Enabling the Ethernet DCM The quickest way to begin using RMON is to enable a newly installed data collection module DCM The DCM runs the RMON agent software that gathers statistics for Ethernet remote monitoring support You enable the Ethernet DCM by creating the data collection module middleware DCMMW software configuration using the default configuration parameter values For information about modifying the default configuration parameters refer to Chapter 4 To enable the Ethe
128. t and noncontract services also includes equipment staging and integration installation support on site services and replacement parts delivery with response times ranging to 4 hours depending on local country conditions To purchase any of the Bay Networks support programs or if you have questions on program features use the following numbers Region Telephone Number Fax Number United States and 1 800 2LANWAN enter Express Routing 508 670 8766 Canada Code ERC 290 when prompted 508 916 8880 direct Europe 33 92 4 968 300 33 92 4 968 301 Asia Pacific 612 9927 8800 612 9927 8811 Latin America 561 988 7661 561 988 7750 In addition you can receive information on support programs from your local Bay Networks field sales office or purchase Bay Networks support directly from your authorized partner XX 114070 Rev B Technical Support and Online Services Bay Networks Information Services Bay Networks Information Services provide up to date support information as a first line resource for network administration expansion and maintenance This information is available from a variety of sources World Wide Web The Bay Networks Customer Support Web Server offers a diverse library of technical documents software agents and other important technical information to Bay Networks customers and partners A special benefit for contracted customers and resellers is the ability to a
129. the RMON agent using excessive amounts of memory and processing power Example When you enable an Ethernet DCM the RMON agent automatically creates a History configuration Suppose you then start a third party RMON History application that creates its own History configuration for the agent The RMON agent stores the data in two places wasting memory In addition when you terminate the third party RMON application it does not remove its History configuration using memory and processing power indefinitely You can release these resources only by using another application such as the SNMP tool or network management station or by resetting the Ethernet DCM If you use too many resources for an RMON task the DCM can run out of memory for other RMON tasks and perform more slowly RMON Memory Use The total amount of available RMON memory depends on the dynamic random access memory DRAM in the Ethernet DCM Table 2 3 Table 2 3 DRAM and RMON Memory Size Available RMON Installed DRAM MB Memory in Bytes 2 162 578 4 2 077 330 8 5 222 034 16 12 561 042 2 18 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts If the RMON memory pool is full or if the RMON agent reaches an implementation limit the agent responds to an SNMP set command on an RMON control table entry with an SNMP GEN ERROR The following sections describe how much memory you need to e Configure an RMON group for exampl
130. thernet DCM Table 2 5 Table 2 5 Default Size for Capture Buffer Installed DRAM MB Default Size KB 2 32 4 64 8 256 16 512 You can also request a larger buffer size up to 15 MB In any case if there is not enough memory currently available to satisfy the request the agent will provide a buffer that uses all available memory You can determine the maximum number of packets that an agent can capture in a buffer as follows buffer size packet slice size 20 bytes Example You specify a buffer size of 32 KB and a packet slice size of 1 KB After checking the available memory the RMON agent allocates the buffer size you requested The buffer can hold a maximum of 32 768 1024 20 or 31 packets Note The RMON agent allocates the full amount of memory you specify for the packet slice size to each packet even if the packet size is smaller than this amount For this reason Bay Networks recommends that you set the packet slice size to the smallest size possible The maximum packet size is 2 KB 114070 Rev B 2 23 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Alarm and Event Groups When you enable the Ethernet DCM the router does not create default Alarm or Event entries We recommend that you create Alarm and Event entries using a network management application You can create as many Alarm or Event entries as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 entries The
131. tions request The Bay Networks Site Manager software is an example of a network management station and the Bay Networks Backbone Node BN router is an example of a network element The SNMP agent is a software entity that responds to information and action request messages SNMP Set and Get requests sent by a network management station your Site Manager workstation The messages exchanged between manager and router SNMP agents in turn enable you to access and manage objects in an active or inactive stored MIB on a particular router 114070 Rev B 2 1 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services The agents also send unsolicited reports called traps back to the network management station when certain network activity occurs n example of a trap is an overload condition as defined by the packet load s crossing some threshold You use the management station to configure monitor and receive trap messages from other network devices configured as SNMP agents The management station can get and set objects in the agents and can receive traps from the agents The management station therefore has the capability to manage a number of agents SNMP Messages SNMP managers and network elements communicate with each other by sending SNMP messages Figure 2 1 The management station issues three types of SNMP messages to retrieve single or multiple object variables e GetRequest message e GetNextRequest message
132. tocol UDP to transport its messages You must enable IP to use UDP and SNMP Events and Traps An event is a change in the operating status of a router The router stores the event as a single entry in a memory resident log An event log message provides a brief description of an event along with the event code associated with that event A trap is an event that the router transmits to the network management station SNMP allows you to configure which event log messages the agent sends to the network management station as traps You select these traps based on slot protocol entity and severity level You can also specify up to 50 exceptions which are traps that the agent always sends or never sends regardless of slot and regardless of how you configure the trap parameters Refer to Configuring Traps on the Router in Chapter 3 for information about how to specify which traps the agent sends Protocol Entities Events are always associated with a particular protocol entity An entity is the software that generates a message Entities include Bay Networks software dedicated to the operation of a software service such as TFTP and IP and the GAME operating system Both events and entities are assigned entity codes Together this pair uniquely identifies a Bay Networks router or BNX platform event Refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for a complete list of entities both their abbreviations and full names and asso
133. tside the United States call 1 614 529 1349 or your nearest CompuServe office Ask for Representative No 591 When you are online with your CompuServe account you can reach us with the command GO BAYNET xxii 114070 Rev B InfoFACTS Technical Support and Online Services InfoFACTS is the Bay Networks free 24 hour fax on demand service This automated system has libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products The system responds to a fax from the caller or to a third party within minutes of being accessed To use InfoFACTS in the United States or Canada call toll free 1 800 786 3228 Outside North America toll calls can be made to 1 408 495 1002 In Europe toll free numbers are also available for contacting both InfoFACTS and CompuServe Please check our Web page for the listing in your country How to Get Help Use the following numbers to reach your Bay Networks Technical Response Center Technical Response Center Telephone Number Fax Number Billerica MA 1 800 2LANWAN 508 670 8765 Santa Clara CA 1 800 2LANWAN 408 764 1188 Valbonne France 33 92 4 968 968 Sydney Australia 612 9927 8800 612 9927 8811 Tokyo Japan 81 3 5402 0180 33 92 4 966 998 81 3 5402 0173 114070 Rev B xxiii Chapter 1 Starting SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services
134. uick view of Locate work groups for graphic coding of segmentation information Level 3 support for conversations by protocol Hotlink capture continued 114070 Rev B Customizing a DCM for RMON Table 4 1 Optivity Analysis RMON based Tools continued RMON Tool Name Purpose Possible Uses Special Features MIB Group Filter Captur Define channels and Capture packets for Flexible channel Filter and e filters analysis of a specific and filter editors Packet problem or to provide Capture Activate channels for selective traffic statistics Realtime display of captures counters Automatic capture activation from other tools DecodeMan Decode and display Troubleshoot problems by Full seven layer Filter and captured packet pinpointing the source decode Packet content Capture Quick search index Quick configuration of RMON probes for standalone operation Alarm Editor View thresholds for Modify individual Editing of individual Ancillary to segment normative models thresholds and Alarm and hysteresis values Events Run Learning Tool Run Learning Tool with interactively locally local configuration for specific segment Alarm Continually monitor all Proactive maintenance Monitors all Alarms and Monitor segments segments at once Events Quick filter by segment or alarm type Hotlink to Filter Capture and DecodeMan Learning Automatically learn Create normative model Learns automatically Ancillary to T
135. urations Note The RMON agent allows you to create only one Matrix configuration Be sure to set the RMON Default Matrix parameter according to the expectations of the RMON network management application The Matrix configuration requires 212 bytes The Matrix data requires approximately 178 bytes of memory per source destination pair the Ethernet DCM detects on a segment Filter and Capture Groups Caution The memory you need for a Filter Capture configuration and for storing captured packets can easily exhaust all the available memory on an Ethernet DCM particularly if the filters are not selective You must create Filter and Capture configurations through your RMON network management application You can create as many filters and capture buffers as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations Memory requirements vary greatly according to the size and number of the filters and the size of the capture buffer In most cases you need 3 to 5 KB of memory for the Filter and Capture configuration 2 22 114070 Rev B SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts The size of the capture buffer determines the amount of memory you need for the data You can request the largest buffer size available by specifying a buffer size of through your RMON network management application When you specify 1 for the capture buffer size the agent attempts to allocate a default buffer depending on the DRAM in the E
136. uter to use specific SNMP community names and modify the network management software to use these names When configuring SNMP community managers you must assign each manager a specific IP address you cannot specify a wildcard for the community manager address Also you must configure community managers to receive all traps not just generic traps You do this by changing the Trap Types parameter in the SNMP Manager window from Generic the default to AIL For more information about changing communities and community manager parameters refer to Chapter 3 RMON Interoperability Issues This section describes RMON memory use and interoperability issues you should consider when using RMON network management applications with the Ethernet DCM This section assumes that you have a good understanding of each RMON group and does not refer to the low level details of the MIB such as RMON MIB objects Refer to RMON MIB Groups earlier in this chapter and RFC 1757 for information about each RMON group 114070 Rev B 2 17 Configuring SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services RMON Applications Some network management applications automatically set up their own configurations for an RMON group without checking to see if the RMON agent already has a default configuration In addition when you terminate those applications they may not remove the configurations they set up for the RMON agent These features can result in
137. xpect the Ethernet DCM to set up a host configuration Others enable and disable their own configurations during normal operations You can disable default creation of the RMON host control table at boot time by setting the RMON Default Host parameter to Disable To re create the RMON host control table at the next and every subsequent reboot set the RMON Default Host parameter to Enable 4 4 114070 Rev B Customizing a DCM for RMON Note that the DCM allows only one instance of the host control table Site Manager RMON Default Host parameter page A 18 Disabling the RMON Default Matrix Table Be default the RMON Default Matrix parameter is enabled which causes the router to create the RMON matrix control table each time you boot the Ethernet DCM Some RMON network management applications expect the Ethernet DCM to set up a matrix configuration Others enable and disable their own configurations during normal operations You can disable default creation of the RMON matrix control table at boot time by setting the RMON Default Matrix parameter to Disable To re create the RMON matrix control table at the next and every subsequent reboot set the RMON Default Matrix parameter to Enable Note that the DCM allows only one instance of the matrix control table Site Manager RMON Default Matrix parameter page A 18 Rebooting the Ethernet DCM After you finish modifying the DCM configuration parameter
138. y Networks event log traps as a 32 bit value as follows e Octets 1 and 2 the most significant 16 bits of the specific trap ID contain values of 1 and 0 respectively to identify a Bay Networks event log trap e Octet 3 of the specific trap ID contains a code that identifies the software entity that generated the trap e Octet 4 ofthe specific ID contains the event code that in conjunction with the entity code uniquely identifies the event 2 6 114070 Rev B Thresholds SNMP RMON BOOTP DHCP and RARP Concepts Each 32 bit value is accompanied by three variable bindings that convey the event string that describes the trap condition the slot that hosts the entity that generated the trap and the trap severity refer to Table 2 1 Refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for detailed information about the SNMP trap format SNMP uses a management information base MIB to manage the router The MIB includes an extensive collection of statistics MIB variables that track the router s performance and provide early warnings of abnormal operating conditions With the Site Manager threshold feature you can configure the agent to automatically notify you when specific statistics or instances of the variable reach certain levels You can set a threshold for any integer counter gauge or time tick variable in the MIB Using the threshold parameters you e Select the polling interval which specifies how often

Avaya Configuring SNMP, RMON, BOOTP, DHCP, and RARP Services User's Manual

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