Kingston Technology Flash Memory 1GB Full Speed USB2.0
Contents
1. 10 years under normal use Important information should also be backed up on other media for long term safekeeping e Wear Leveling Technology Kingston flash storage devices excluding SmartMedia cards incorporate controllers utilizing advanced wear leveling technology which distributes write cycles across the flash card Wear leveling thus extends the useful life of a flash memory card for details please see Kingston Flash Cell Endurance section next Flash Cell Endurance Up to 10 000 Multi Level Cell MLC Flash or up to 100 000 Single Level Cell SLC Flash write cycles per physical sector According to Toshiba the inventor of flash memory the 10 000 cycles of MLC NAND is more than sufficient for a wide range of consumer applications from storing documents to digital photos For example if a 256MB MLC NAND Flash based card can typically store 250 pictures from a 4 megapixel camera a conservative estimate its 10 000 write erase cycles combined with wear leveling algorithms in the controller will enable the user to store and or view approximately 2 5 million pictures within the expected useful life of the card For USB flash drives Toshiba calculated that a 10 000 write cycle endurance would enable customers to completely write and erase the entire contents once per day for 27 years well beyond the life of the hardware SLC flash based products typically found in Kingstons Elite Pro cards and Data2. Type II compliant hard disk drive It is specifically designed for increased storage capacity and portability for today s popular portable computer systems and digital devices The DataPak features include e DataPak Three Year Warranty Kingstons line of DataPak storage solutions come with a three year warranty from defects in material and workmanship For details see kingston com company warranty asp e High Performance The DataPak is a miniature hard drive rotating at 3 990 RPM It has advanced performance features such as 256KB of cache and data look ahead technology built in kingston KUIN NOLOGY COMMITTED TO MEMORY 12 11 0 e High Capacity Up to 5 GB 5 000 000 000 bytes of uncompressed storage capacity in a compact form factor Note that some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions and thus is not available for data storage e Operating Systems Compatibility Compatible with PC and Macintosh operating systems The DataPak also supports disk compression e Plug and Play Support Kingstons DataPak supports plug and play With plug and play technology and compatible computer operating systems the DataPak can be inserted into a computer or a flash media reader and be quickly recognized and accessed by the computer e Device Compatibility The DataPak is compatible with devices supporting PC Card Type II storage including portable computers digital cameras and other devices e High
3. the next shot CompactFlash cards come in a Type I form factor CompactFlash NAND 3 3 and 5 Volts 50 Type l Includes built in 36 4 x 42 8 x 3 3 controller 7 3 SECURE DIGITAL SD CARDS Secure Digital introduced in late 2001 is a second generation and more popular derivative of the MultiMediaCard MMC standard see section 7 4 that is backward compatible with current MMC cards The Secure Digital format includes several important technological advancements over MMC These include the addition of cryptographic security protection for copyrighted data music and a 4X increase in data transfer rates The SD Card Association sets the specifications for Secure Digital cards To help support higher capacity cards SD cards are slightly thicker than the original MMC cards This means that devices designed to support SD cards may also accept MMC cards if the host device is not strictly limited to SD media for data security reasons However devices exclusively designed for MMC cards will not support the thicker SD cards at this time ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY 10 MultiMediaCards are commonly used in MP3 players and other devices that require a small form factor 8 0 Kingston offers standard SD cards as well as high performance Elite Pro SD cards Secure Digital NAND 2 7 3 3 Volts 9 32x 24 xe al Built in controller 7 4 MULTIMEDIACARD MMC MultiMediaCards are one of the smallest flash cards avai
4. Data Reliability The Kingston DataPak has rated error specification of one 1 bit in 10 000 000 000 000 bits read 1 bit per 10 bits read e Mean Time between Failures MTBF The DataPak MTBF is rated at over 300 000 hours e Low Power Consumption The DataPak consumes only 1 7W of battery power during read write cycles and only 0 5W in idle mode For More Information For additional information on Kingston products please visit us at kingston com digitalmedia Appendix USB Performance The Universal Serial Bus USB is emerging as the preferred interface to connect digital media reader writers to computers The latest USB specification is USB 2 0 The older specification was USB 1 1 The USB 2 0 specification includes the USB 1 1 speeds for backward compatibility reasons To understand what affects a flash card s performance the following factors need to be considered Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY 13 Flash Memory Chip In general flash storage devices built with Single Level Cell Technology SLC NAND Flash such as Kingston s Elite Pro Flash cards or the Hi Speed USB DataTraveler 2 0 will deliver higher s 3 performance than the standard Multi Level Cell MLC Single Level Cell SLC vs Multi NAND Flash or Multi Bit Cell MBC NAND Flash based Level Cell MLC and Multi Bit cardsiok DataTraveler Cell MBC Standard flash cards or the DataTraveler USB flash drives deliver the best price performa
5. Traveler 2 0 USB flash drives offer both high performance and high endurance Automatic Bad Sector Remapping Kingston flash controllers automatically lock out sections with bad memory cells bad blocks and move the data to other sections spare blocks to avoid data corruption During factory formatting as described in Section 2 spare blocks are set aside on the flash storage device for remapping bad sectors over time Toshiba press release Toshiba America Electronic Components Inc Releases Performance Research on MLC NAND Flash Memory for Consumer Applications May 10 2004 ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY e High Quality Connectors Kingston s flash storage devices have connectors rated for more than 10 000 insertions e Operating Temperature and Humidity 0 C 60 C 5 95 humidity e High Capacity Flash storage devices can provide large storage capacities in a very small form factor This flexibility makes them ideal for consumer uses such as digital film or storage for MP3 music where portability and convenience are important The DataPak is the Please note Some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other perfect solution for functions and thus is not available for data storage Please see Section 2 for details notebooks handhelds digital e High Performance Kingston s Elite Pro and Hi Speed DataTraveler USB flash drives cameras or any other are faster than ma
6. USB slot MB s It is also referred to as Original USB ii USB or USB 1 1 and is also compatible with USB 2 0 Full Speed with a maximum speed of 12 Mb s or 1 5 MB s Hi Speed USB logo transfers data at a maximum of 480 megabits per second 480 Mb s or 60 MB s It is also called USB 2 0 Hi Speed Hi Speed USB is up to 40X faster aui USB than USB and fully backward compatible with USB through its USB 2 0 Full Speed mode with a maximum speed of 12 Mb s or 1 5MB s If both the digital media card reader writer and computer properly support Hi Speed USB Kingston s High Performance Elite Pro flash cards will deliver greater performance over standard flash cards Similarly Kingston s DataTraveler 2 0 will deliver higher performance on a computer supporting Hi Speed USB transfers e Please note Some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and Kingston TECHNOLOGY other functions and thus is not available for data storage For more information please consult Kingston s Digital Media Guide at kingston com Digital_Media_Guide COMMITTED TO MEMORY 14 Q V 2004 Kingston Technology Company Inc 17600 Newhope Street Fountain Valley CA 92708 USA 714 435 2600 Fax 714 435 2699 Printed in the USA MKF 403 7 zon SGS All rights reserved All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners
7. ally store one 1 bit value a 0 or a 1 in each cell In multi level flash technologies three 3 or more values are stored into each cell ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY USB flash memory offers an easy way to transfer files from a digital device to a computer Intel Corporation has introduced NOR StrataFlash AMD has introduced NOR MirrorBit Flash Other semiconductor manufacturers also manufacture their own multi level cell technologies NAND MLC Flash technologies were introduced in late 2002 and Kingston has incorporated MLC Flash memory into its line of standard Flash cards 5 3 MULTI BIT CELL MBC FLASH TECHNOLOGY Multi bit technology is a competing technology to Multi Level Cell MLC and accomplishes the same goal by storing 2 bits per cell or 4 values per cell MBC technology is presently used in Infineon s TwinFlash memory Flash Storage Device Performance Flash card storage device performance depends on the following three factors e The specific Flash memory chips used Generally there is a tradeoff between the high speed and more expensive Single Level Cell SLC flash chips and the standard speed and more affordable Multi Level Cell MLC or Multi Bit Cell MBC flash chips Kingston s high performance flash cards Elite Pro and Hi Speed USB flash drives all utilize the high performance SLC Flash memory e The Flash storage device s controller With the exception of SmartMe
8. dia today s flash storage devices have a built in flash memory controller see Section 7 for more details This special chip manages the interface to the host device and handles all the reads from and writes to the flash chips on the flash storage device If the host controller is capable of supporting faster data transfer speeds the use of optimized flash controllers can result in significant time savings when reading or writing data into the flash memory For example Kingston uses optimized high performance flash controllers in its Elite Pro Flash cards and DataTraveler Hi Speed USB flash drives The host device to which the Flash storage device is connected to If the host device computer digital camera etc is limited to specific read and write speeds using faster Flash storage devices will not deliver higher performance For example using a Hi Speed USB flash drive on a computer that supports only the slower USB speeds will not result in faster transfers In addition computers need to be properly configured to support faster transfers in both hardware and software In the case of a PC the system board will need to have built in Hi Speed USB 2 0 connectors and the Operating System e g Windows will also need to have the proper USB 2 0 drivers installed in order to be able to support Hi Speed USB transfers ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY Kingston s DataTraveler offers quick and easy downloads and digital f
9. etains data even without being powered on For example when a computer is turned off all data that was in the computers DRAM memory is lost however when a flash storage device is removed from a digital camera all data ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY D dpreview com Kingston Flash cards were rated the best in read and write performance by dpreview com and pictures remains saved on the flash storage device The ability to retain data is key for flash memory applications such as digital film for digital cameras cell phones PDAs and other transportable devices There are two major technologies of flash memory NOR and NAND Each technology has its strengths that make it ideal for different kinds of applications as summarized in the table below High speed Access Yes Yes Page Mode Data Access No Yes Random Byte Level Access Yes No Typical Uses Cell Phones PDAs BIOS Storage for PCs Digital Cameras Networking Device Memory MP3 players Solid State Disk Drives Set Top Boxes Industrial Storage 4 1 NOR FLASH MEMORY NOR named after the specific data mapping technology Not OR is a high speed Flash technology NOR Flash memory provides high speed random access capabilities being able to read and write data in specific locations in the memory without having to access the memory in sequential mode Unlike NAND Flash NOR Flash allows the retrieval of data as small as a single byte NOR Flash excels in a
10. ile transfers 7 0 For details on USB Performance refer to Appendix A Some flash memory product manufacturers provide speed ratings However due to a lack of industry standards comparing different flash products may prove difficult for consumers Kingston continuously works closely with global semiconductor and controller manufacturers to ensure that Kingston flash cards deliver superior price performance to its customers For enthusiasts and advanced customers demanding the highest performance Kingston offers the Elite Pro line of CompactFlash and SD cards and the DataTraveler Hi Speed USB flash drives Kingston s Flash Card Product Lines There are several types of flash storage devices that are available from Kingston USB Flash Drives DataTraveler MultiMediaCards MMC CompactFlash Cards CF SmartMedia Cards SM Secure Digital Cards SD All these form factors will be described in the following sections 7 1 USB FLASH DRIVES Introduced in 2002 USB flash drives offer an incredible combination of high storage capacity fast data transfer rates and great flexibility all in the size of a lighter Heralded as a floppy drive alternative USB flash drives have far more storage capacity than that of a standard floppy disk They provide an easy method for quick downloads and transferring digital files to and from your computer or device USB flash drives incorporate NAND Flash and a controller in a capsula
11. kingston com flash TEEN Digital Media Guide Portable digital media for computers digital cameras and other devices Kingston the world s leading independent manufacturer of memory products sells a broad range of flash cards and USB flash drives collectively called flash storage devices that employ flash memory chips for storage as well as ultra portable PC Card hard drives This Digital Media Technical Guides purpose is to explain the various technologies and digital media offerings that are available R Kingston Note Due to flash technology changes specifications listed in this document are COMMITTED TO MEMORY subject to change without notice ps Aa Kingston s enduring commitment to service and support make Kingston an easy choice for Flash memory 1 0 2 0 Flash Memory Empowering A New Generation of Flash Storage Devices Toshiba invented flash memory in the 1980s as a new memory technology that allowed stored data to be saved even when the memory device was disconnected from its power source Since then flash memory technology has evolved into the preferred storage media for a variety of consumer and industrial devices IN CONSUMER DEVICES FLASH MEMORY IS WIDELY USED IN e Notebook computers e Digital cameras e Personal Digital Assistants PDAs e Electronic musical instruments e Global Positioning Systems GPS e Cellular telephones e Solid state music players such as e Television set top boxe
12. lable about the size of a postage stamp They were introduced in 1997 and initially used in the mobile phone and pager markets Today they are commonly used in digital cameras mobile phones and MP3 players The MultiMediaCard Association sets the specifications for MMC MultiMediaCard NAND 3 3 Volts 7 32 x 24x 1 4 Built in controller 7 5 SMARTMEDIA CARDS SM PREVIOUSLY CALLED SSFDC SmartMedia cards introduced in 1996 are the thinnest form factor flash storage devices They were originally called SSFDC for Solid State Floppy Disk card as they look like a miniature floppy disk SmartMedia cards usually incorporate a single flash chip and do not incorporate a controller Thus they depend on the host controller to manage all memory reads and writes The SSFDC Forum sets the specifications for SmartMedia cards 3 3 and 5 Volts 45 x 37 x 0 76 SmartMedia No built in controller Digital Media Reader Writers Digital media reader writers allow flash storage devices to be used as portable storage for computers as well as for uploading or downloading of pictures music and other data without requiring the original host device such as a digital camera or MP3 player and without any additional drain on its batteries Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY Specifically designed for high speed image transfer Kingston Flash Card readers are an ideal solution for quickly viewing your digital images on yo
13. nce value for most users of digital cameras PDAs mobile phones and other electronic devices Elite Pro flash cards or Data Traveler 2 0 USB flash drives will deliver faster reads and writes ideal for advanced users photography professionals and enthusiasts Of course to achieve the performance benefit of faster flash cards or USB flash drives users must have compatible high speed devices and properly configured computers Some digital cameras and other devices require SLC NAND flash based high performance flash cards for proper functionality The built in controller interfacing with flash cards or USB flash drives in many consumer devices may have limited bandwidth Please consult your user manual or contact the Digital cameras mobile phones device manufacturer for specifics PDAs and other devices Host Consumer Devices All else being equal the achievable performance level will be the minimum data transfer level supported by the host controller or the flash card or USB flash drive The USB 2 0 specification also includes the older USB 1 1 specification for backward compatibility reasons e Connecting flash cards to computers through 4 in 1 6 in media reader writers USB Flash Drives and Digital Media Reader Writers require the following logos to indicate performance levels Connecting USB flash drives USB logo transfers data at a maximum of directly to a computer s 12 megabits per second 12 Mb s or 1 5
14. ng and Multi Level Cell Multi Bit Cell Flash technologies In order to economically increase the amount of bit storage that a flash memory chip can accommodate manufacturers often utilize die stacking and multi level cell or multi bit cell technologies These technologies result in a flash memory chip having the capability to store more data in a single chip 5 1 DIE STACKING Many semiconductor manufacturers use a die stacking technique to double a flash memory chips capacity After the semiconductor wafer fabrication process they cut out the flash memory silicon die and then attach or stack two separate dies together For example when a semiconductor manufacturer stacks two 128 megabit dies together they form a single 256 megabit flash memory chip Die stacking allows for cost reduced chip alternatives to the larger capacity single die chips called monolithic chips Stacking two 1 gigabit chips together for example typically costs far less than buying a low volume monolithic 2 gigabit chip The 2 gigabit chip can then be used to build a 256 MB flash card single chip card or a 512 MB flash card two chips on one card Die stacking is similar to the DRAM chip stacking technology that Kingston utilizes to produce high end server modules As a result Kingston s die stacked flash cards are reliable and deliver high performance 5 2 MULTI LEVEL CELL MLC FLASH TECHNOLOGIES NAND and NOR Flash memory chips typic
15. ny standard flash products and many competitive products digital device with a Kingstons engineers test and select high performance controllers to ensure that Type Il PC Kingston s flash cards are among the performance leaders Please see the Appendix Card slot for information about USB and Hi Speed USB performance Kingston standard flash products offer moderate performance levels for general purpose applications e Low Power Consumption Unlike standard DRAM memory that needs to be constantly powered on to maintain its data flash memory is non volatile and does not require power to maintain its data Flash memory low power consumption results in longer battery life for the host device Plug and Play Support Kingston s flash memory line supports plug and play With plug and play technology and compatible computer operating systems a flash storage device can be inserted into a computer or a flash media reader and be quickly recognized and accessed by the computer Hot Swapping Support Hot swapping allows for plugging or unplugging flash storage devices into a compatible computer or reader without needing to power off and restart the computer This feature enhances the portability and convenience of flash storage devices for transferring data pictures or music between two computers or devices 4 0 Non Volatile NOR and NAND Flash Technologies Unlike Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAM flash memory is non volatile Non volatile memory r
16. one 1 bit per 10 bits read 3 0 3 Reserving some cells to serve as spares Flash memory cells have a long but finite lifetime Therefore some cells are held in reserve to replace any memory cells that may fail over time 4 Creating a File Allocation Table FAT or other directory To enable flash storage devices to conveniently store and access customer files a file management system must be created to allow any device or computer to identify the files stored in the flash storage device The most common type of file management system for flash storage devices is the File Allocation Table FAT which is also used on hard drives 5 Reserving some cells for use by the flash storage devices controller e g for storing firmware updates and other controller specific information 6 Where applicable reserving some cells for special features For example the specification for Secure Digital SD cards requires reserved areas to support special copy protection and security features Features of Kingston s Flash Storage Products Kingstons flash storage devices offer many advantages for both consumer and industrial applications e Flash Storage Device Warranty Kingston warrants that its flash storage devices are free from defects in material and workmanship for the period specified below e CF SD SM MMC Flash Cards Lifetime e DataTraveler USB Flash Drives 5 years For further details see kingston com company watran
17. pplications where data is randomly retrieved or written NOR is most often found built into cellular phones and PDAs and is also used in computers to store the BIOS program that runs to provide the start up functionality 4 2 NAND FLASH MEMORY NAND Flash was invented after NOR Flash and is named after the specific mapping technology used for data Not AND NAND Flash memory reads and writes in high speed sequential mode handling data in small block sizes pages NAND Flash can retrieve or write data as single pages but cannot retrieve individual bytes like NOR Flash NAND Flash memory is commonly found in solid state hard drives audio and video digital media devices television set top boxes digital cameras and other devices where data is generally written or read sequentially ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY CompactFlash cards were the first small form factor flash memory cards 5 0 For example most digital cameras use NAND Flash based digital film as pictures are usually taken and stored sequentially NAND Flash is also more efficient when pictures are read back as it transfers whole pages of data very quickly As a sequential storage medium NAND Flash is ideal for data storage NAND Flash memory is less expensive than NOR Flash memory and can accommodate more storage capacity in the same die size Flash memory which stores a single bit per cell is known as Single Level Cell SLC Flash Die Stacki
18. s MP3 players e Pagers e Personal computers Flash memory is also used in many industrial applications where reliability and data retention in power off situations are key requirements such as in e Security systems e Military systems e Embedded computers e Solid state disk drives e Networking and communication products e Wireless communication devices e Retail management products e Medical products e g handheld scanners Flash Card or USB Flash Drive Capacity Some of a flash storage device s listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions and thus is not available for data storage When a flash storage device is manufactured steps are taken to ensure that the device operates reliably and to permit the host device computer digital camera PDA etc to access the memory cells i e to store and retrieve data on the flash storage device These steps loosely called formatting utilize some of the memory cells within the device and thus reduce the capacity available for data storage by the end user Formatting includes the following operations 1 Testing each memory cell in the flash storage device 2 Identifying all defective cells and taking steps to ensure that no data will be written to or read from a defective cell ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY Kingston s CompactFlash cards have a rated error specification of less than one 1 bit in 000 000 000 000 000 bits read or
19. ted case USB memory works with the vast majority of computers and devices that incorporate the Universal Serial Bus interface including most PCs PDAs and MP3 players Kingston offers standard USB flash drives DataTraveler as well as a higher performance DataTraveler Hi Speed USB flash drive DataTraveler 2 0 The DataTraveler 2 0 also supports password protected partitioning for improved security DATATRAVELER USB 2 0 NAND 5 Volts 4 4x 74x 10 ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY Secure Digital cards feature cryptographic security protection and a 4x increase in data transfer rates over MMC DATATRAVELER 2 0 Hi Speed USB 2 0 NAND 5 Volts 4 25 42 x 98 17 x 15 40 7 2 COMPACTFLASH CF CARDS CompactFlash or CF cards were the first small form factor flash cards introduced in 1994 CF cards incorporate a controller and are about the size of a matchbook CompactFlash cards incorporate an Integrated Device Electronics IDE interface similar to hard drives and ATA PC Cards Kingston is a member of the CompactFlash Association which sets the specifications for CF cards Kingston offers standard CompactFlash cards as well as a high performance Elite Pro line Kingston s Elite Pro CompactFlash cards are among the fastest available in the industry The high transfer rate is ideal for use on newer devices such as high megapixel digital cameras to ensure that the cameras save pictures faster and are quickly ready for
20. ty asp e Digital Media Reader Writer Five Year Warranty Kingstons line of digital media reader writers come with a five year warranty from defects in material and workmanship The PC Card 4 1 reader writer comes with a two year warranty For further details see kingston com company warranty asp e Solid State Flash storage devices as semiconductor storage devices have no moving parts and thereby are not subject to the mechanical failure issues of hard drives Their overall data reliability enabled them to dominate the convenience oriented portable memory products market operating silently with a zero decibel noise level ik Kingston COMMITTED TO MEMORY Kingston s engineers test and select high performance controllers to ensure that Kingston s flash cards are among the performance leaders in the industry e Small Physical Size or Form Factor Flash storage devices are designed to be easily transported Convenience is an important criterion especially for consumer and corporate applications High Data Reliability Flash memory is very reliable and many of the flash storage device types also include Error Correction Code ECC checking to detect single bit errors For example Kingstons CompactFlash cards have a rated error specification of less than one 1 bit in 1 000 000 000 000 000 bits read 1 bit per 10 bits read Kingston Flash Data Retention Kingston flash storage devices are rated for up to
21. ur desktop PC Mac or notebook 9 0 10 0 Digital media reader writers can enable the uploading and downloading of data at higher speeds than a host device is capable of supporting for example a USB reader writer will be much faster than a host device such as a digital camera using a serial interface If a host device does not support high speed transfers the faster reader writers will significantly reduce the data transfer times Kingston markets a number of digital media reader writers for the convenient attachment of flash storage devices to personal computers or notebooks For flash cards Kingston recommends the flexible and convenient 4 in 1 four form factors supported by a single reader writer units that can accommodate most of the flash card form factors available today and can be connected to any notebook with a PC Card Type II interface Kingston also offers Hi Speed USB 6 in 1 Flash media reader writers for high performance data transfers to systems supporting Hi Speed USB 2 0 CompactFlash to PC Card Adapters Flash card adapters are convenient slip in receiving frames that allow a CompactFlash card to be converted into an ATA PC Card Type II storage device Many notebooks and other devices supporting ATA Type II PC Cards also support CompactFlash cards when CF cards are inserted into a CF ATA Flash card adapter Kingston DataPak PC Card Hard Drives Kingston s DataPak is a removable high capacity PC Card
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search