Home

DELL PowerConnect 6248, 3Y NBD

1. 9 Additional Documentation 10 2 System Configuration 11 Traceroute 12 CLI Example 12 Configuration Scripting 13 Overview 13 Considerations 13 CLI Examples 14 Outbound Telnet 16 Overview 16 CLI Examples 17 Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP 17 Overview 17 CLI Examples 18 Syslog 20 Overview 20 CLI Examples 20 Port Des
2. 162 Functional Description 162 CLI Examples 167 Nonstop Forwarding on a Switch Stack 168 Initiating a Failover 168 Checkpointing 168 Switch Stack MAC Addressing and Stack Design Considerations 170 NSF Network Design Considerations 170 NSF Default Behavior 170 Configuration Examples 171 About this Document 9 1 About this Document This configuration guide provides examples of how to use the Dell PowerConnect 6200 Series switch in a typical network It describes the advantages of specific functions the PowerConnect 6200 Series switch provides and includes information about configuring those functions using the command line interface CLI Organization This document is organized as follows System Configuration on page 11 describes how to configure basic system and port settings use system interfaces and utilities and create and use CLI scripts Switching Configuration on page 29 provides configuration scenarios for layer 2 switching including
3. 00 12 79 BF 94 7A 192 168 1 10 1 g18 Slot 1 Port 18 Gigabit Level This command shows a statistics for the above client show captive portal client 00 12 79 BF 94 7A statistics Client MAC Address 00 12 79 BF 94 7A Bytes Received 10541 Bytes Transmitted 47447 Packets Received 78 Packets Transmitted 71 134 Device Security IPv6 135 6 IPv6 This section includes the following subsections Overview on page 135 Interface Configuration on page 135 Overview There are many conceptual similarities between IPv4 and IPv6 network operation Addresses still have a network prefix portion subnet and a device interface specific portion host While the length of the network portion is still variable most users have standardized on using a network prefix length of 64 bits This leaves 64 bits for the interface specific portion called an Interface ID in IPv6 Depending upon the underlying link addressing the Interface ID can be automatically computed from the link e g MAC address Such an automatically computed Interface ID is called an EUI64 identifier IPv6 packets on the network are of an entirely different format than traditional IPv4 packets and are also encapsulated in a different EtherType contained within t
4. 1 g15 No No 1 g16 No No 1 g17 No No 1 g18 No No 1 g19 No No 1 g20 No No 1 g21 No No 1 g22 No No 1 g23 No No 1 g24 No No 1 xg3 No No 1 xg4 No No ch1 No No ch2 No No ch3 No No ch4 No No ch5 No No ch6 No No More or q uit console Switching Configuration 63 Example 12 Show DHCP Snooping database configurations console show ip dhcp snooping database agent url local write delay 500 console Example 13 Show DHCP Snooping binding entries Total number of bindings 2 MAC Address IP Address VLAN Interface Type Lease Secs 00 01 02 03 04 05 10 131 11 1 1 1 g2 STATIC 00 02 B3 06 60 80 10 131 11 3 1 1 g2 DYNAMIC 86400 Example 14 Show DHCP Snooping Per Port rate limiting configurations show ip dhcp snooping interfaces Interface Trust State Rate Limit Burst Interval pps seconds 1 g1 Yes 50 1 1 g2 No 15 1 64 Switching Configuration 1 g3 No 15 1 1 g4 No 15 1 1 g5 No 15 1 1 g6 No 15 1 1 g7 No 15 1 1 g8 No 15 1 1 g9 No 15 1 1 g10 No 15 1 1 g11 No 15 1 1 g12 No 15 1 1 g13 No 15 1 1 g14 No 15 1 1 g15 No 15 1 1 g16 No 15 1 1 g17 No 15 1 1 g18 No 15 1 More or q uit 1 g19 No 15 1 1 g20 No 15 1 1 g21 No 15 1 1 g22 No 15 1 1 g23 No 15 1 1 g24 No 1
5. abc scr Data Type Config Script Source Filename abc scr Management access will be blocked for the duration of the transfer Are you sure you want to start y n y 267 bytes transferred File transfer operation completed successfully Example 6 Downloading a Configuration Script to the TFTP Server Use this command to download a configuration script from the TFTP server to the switch console copy tftp 10 27 64 141 abc scr script abc scr Mode TFTP Set TFTP Server IP 10 27 64 141 TFTP Path TFTP Filename abc scr Data Type Config Script Destination Filename abc scr Management access will be blocked for the duration of the transfer Are you sure you want to start y n y 193 bytes transferred Validating configuration script configure 16 System Configuration exit configure logging web session bridge aging time 100 exit Configuration script validated File transfer operation completed successfully Example 7 Validating a Script console script validate abc scr ip address dhcp username admin password 16d7a4fca7442dda3ad93c9a726597e4 level 15 encrypted exit Configuration script abc scr validated console script ap
6. 143 CLI Example 144 DiffServ for VoIP Configuration Example 146 8 Multicast 149 Overview 149 When to Enable IP Multicast on the PowerConnect 6200 Series Switch 150 IGMP Configuration 150 CLI Example 150 IGMP Proxy 151 CLI Examples 151 DVMRP 152 CLI Example 153 PIM 154 PIM SM 154 PIM DM 155 Multicast Routing and IGMP Snooping 157 8 9 Utility 161 Auto Config 162 Overview
7. 109 Guest VLAN 109 CLI Examples 110 Authentication Server Filter Assignment 111 Access Control Lists ACLs 111 Overview 111 MAC ACLs 113 IP ACLs 114 ACL Configuration Process 114 IP ACL CLI Example 115 Configuring a MAC ACL 116 RADIUS 117 RADIUS Configuration Examples 118 TACACS 120 TACACS Configuration Example 120 802 1x MAC Authentication Bypass MAB 122 Operation in the Network 122 CLI Examples 123 Captive Portal
8. Enable Local Proxy ARP Disable Routing Configuration 81 Active State Inactive Link Speed Data Rate 10 Half MAC Address 00FF F2A3 888A Encapsulation Type Ethernet IP MTU 1500 OSPF Larger networks typically use the Open Shortest Path First OSPF protocol instead of RIP To the administrator of a large and or complex network OSPF offers several benefits Less network traffic Routing table updates are sent only when a change has occurred Only the part of the table that has changed is sent Updates are sent to a multicast not a broadcast address Hierarchical management allows the network to be subdivided The switch supports OSPFv2 which is used on IPv4 networks and OSPFv3 which has enhancements for handling 128 bit IPv6 addresses The protocols are configured separately within the software but their functionality is largely similar for IPv4 and IPv6 networks The following description applies to both protocols except where noted OSPF Concepts and Terms Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 and Figure 4 5 show example OSPF topologies that illustrate the concepts described in this section Areas and Topology The top level of the hierarchy of an OSPF network is known as an autonomous system AS
9. 125 Overview 125 Functional Description 125 Captive Portal Configuration Status and Statistics 126 Captive Portal Status 128 Captive Portal Statistics 129 CLI Examples 129 7 6 IPv6 135 Overview 135 Interface Configuration 135 CLI Example 136 7 Quality of Service 139 Class of Service Queuing 139 Ingress Port Configuration 139 Egress Port Configuration Traffic Shaping 140 Queue configuration 140 Queue Management Type 140 CLI Examples 140 Differentiated Services
10. The destination UDP port must match a configured relay entry CLI Examples Example 1 Enable Disable IP Helper To globally enable disable IP Helper relay of UDP packets use the following command console config ip helper enable Example 2 Configure IP Helper Globally DHCP To relay DHCP packets received on any interface to two DHCP servers 10 1 1 1 and 10 1 2 1 use the following commands console config ip helper address 10 1 1 1 dhcp console config ip helper address 10 1 2 1 dhcp Example 3 Enable IP Helper Globally UDP To relay UDP packets received on any interface for all default ports Table 2 to the server at 20 1 1 1 use the following commands console config ip helper address 20 1 1 1 Example 4 Enable IP Helper on a VLAN Routing Interface to a Server DHCP To relay DHCP packets received on VLAN 100 to two DHCP servers 192 168 10 1 and 192 168 20 1 use the following commands console config interface vlan 100 console config if vlan100 ip helper address 192 168 10 1 dhcp console config if vlan100 ip helper address 192 168 20 1 dhcp Routing Configuration 103 Example 5 Enable IP Helper on a VLAN Routing Interface to a Server DHCP and DNS To relay DHCP and DNS packets to 192 168 30 1 use the following commands console config if vlan100 ip helper address 192 168 30 1 dhcp console config if vlan100 ip helper address 192 168 30 1 domain Example 6 Enable IP Helper on Mul
11. 512 DHCP Snooping Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Snooping is a security feature that monitors DHCP messages between a DHCP client and DHCP server to Filter harmful DHCP messages Build a bindings database of MAC address IP address VLAN ID port authorized tuples DHCP snooping is disabled globally and on all VLANs by default Ports are untrusted by default Network administrators can enable DHCP snooping globally and on specific VLANs They can also configure ports within the VLAN to be trusted or untrusted DHCP servers must be reached through trusted ports DHCP snooping enforces the following security rules DHCP packets from a DHCP server DHCPOFFER DHCPACK DHCPNAK DHCPRELEASEQUERY are dropped if received on an untrusted port DHCPRELEASE and DHCPDECLINE messages are dropped if for a MAC addresses in the snooping database but the binding s interface is other than the interface where the message was received On untrusted interfaces the switch drops DHCP packets with a source MAC address that does not match the client hardware address This is a configurable option Dynamic ARP Inspection uses the DHCP snooping bindings database to validate ARP packets To prevent DHCP packets being used as a DoS attack when DHCP snooping is enabled the snooping application enforces a rate limit for DHCP packets received on interfaces DHCP snooping monitors the receive rate on each interface s
12. 54 Overview 54 CLI Examples 55 DHCP Snooping 56 CLI Examples 59 5 sFlow 67 Overview 67 sFlow Agents 68 CLI Examples 69 4 Routing Configuration 73 VLAN Routing 74 CLI Examples 74 Using the Web Interface to Configure VLAN Routing 76 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 77 CLI Examples 77 Using the Web Interface to Configure VRRP 79 Proxy Address Resolution Protocol ARP 80 Overview 80 CLI Examples
13. Table 9 1 Configuration File Possibilities Table 9 2 displays the determining factors for issuing unicast or broadcast TFTP requests Table 9 2 TFTP Request Types Monitoring and Completing the Auto Config Process When a switch begins bootup and there is no saved configuration a message appears on the console informing the user that the Auto Config procedure is starting A message also appears when Auto Config completes The user is reminded with a message indicating that configuration must be saved in order to avoid performing Auto Config on the next reboot When Auto Config has successfully completed an administrator can execute a show running config command to validate the contents of configuration Saving a Configuration An administrator must explicitly save the downloaded configuration in non volatile memory This makes the configuration available for the next reboot In the CLI this is performed by issuing copy running config startup config command and should be done after validating the contents of saved configuration Order Sought File Name Description Final File Sought 1 lt bootfile gt cfg Host specific config file ending in a cfg file extension Yes 2 fp net cfg Default network config file No 3 lt hostname gt cfg Host specific config file associated with hostname Yes 4 host cfg Default config file Yes TFTP Server Address Available Host specific Router Config Filename Available TFTP Request
14. console show bridge multicast address table Vlan MAC Address Type Ports 100 0100 5E01 0101 Dynamic 1 g5 100 0100 5E01 0102 Dynamic 1 g10 Forbidden ports for multicast addresses Vlan MAC Address Ports 100 0100 5E01 0101 100 0100 5E01 0102 When the video server sends multicast data to group 225 1 1 1 port 1 g5 participates and receives multicast traffic but port 1 g10 does not participate because it is a member of a different multicast group Without IGMP snooping all ports that are members of VLAN 100 would be flooded with traffic for all multicast groups which would greatly increase the amount of traffic on the switch You can use the show statistics command to view information about the multicast data transmitted or received by each interface The following output shows a portion of the command output for interfaces 1 g5 and 1 g10 In this example the counters were cleared before the video server began transmitting data console show statistics ethernet 1 g5 Total Packets Received Without Errors 626494 Unicast Packets Received 0 Switching Configuration 43 Multicast Packets Received 626494 Broadcast Packets Received 0 console show statistics ethernet 1 g10 Total Packets Received Without Errors 12
15. 4 4 5 5 6 5 7 6 802 1p gt COS Q Map port default priority gt traffic class Port 1 0 8 A D Q6 Q5 strict weighted 20 Q4 weighted 10 Q3 weighted 5 Q2 weighted 5 C Q1 Q0 weighted 0 weighted 0 Forward via switch fabric to egress Port 1 0 8 Ingress Egress Packet Transmission order B A D C 2 1 B Port 1 g10 Port 1x g8 142 Quality of Service Figure 7 2 CoS1 g Configuration Example System Diagram You will configure the ingress interface uniquely for all cos queue and VLAN parameters console config interface ethernet 1 g10 classofservice trust dot1p classofservice dot1p mapping 6 3 vlan priority 2 exit interface ethernet 1 g8 cos queue min bandwidth 0 0 5 5 10 20 40 cos queue strict 6 exit exit You can also set traffic shaping parameters for the interface If you wish to shape the egress interface for a sustained maximum data rate of 80 Kbps assuming a 100Mbps link speed you would add a simple configuration line expressing the shaping rate as a percentage of link speed console config interface ethernet 1 g8 traffic shape 42200 kbps exit exit Server Port1 0 10 Port1 0 8 Port 1 g10 Port 1 g8 Quality of Service 143 Differentiated Services Differentiated Services DiffServ is one technique for implementing Quality of Service QoS policies Using DiffServ in your network allows you to directly configure the relevant paramet
16. 80 OSPF 81 OSPF Concepts and Terms 81 CLI Examples 83 Routing Information Protocol 92 RIP Configuration 92 CLI Examples 93 Using the Web Interface to Configure RIP 94 Route Preferences 95 Assigning Administrative Preferences to Routing Protocols 95 Using Equal Cost Multipath 97 Loopback Interfaces 99 IP Helper 100 CLI Examples 102 6 5 Device Security 105 802 1x Network Access Control 106 802 1x Network Access Control Examples 106 802 1X Authentication and VLANs 109 Authenticated and Unauthenticated VLANs
17. Unicast Packets Received 0 Multicast Packets Received 12 Broadcast Packets Received 0 IGMP Snooping Querier When PIM and IGMP are enabled in a network with IP multicast routing the IP multicast router acts as the IGMP querier However if the IP multicast traffic in a VLAN needs to be Layer 2 switched only an IP multicast router is not required The IGMP Snooping Querier can perform the IGMP snooping functions on the VLAN NOTE Without an IP multicast router on a VLAN you must configure another switch as the IGMP querier so that it can send queries When the IGMP snooping querier is enabled the IGMP snooping querier sends out periodic IGMP queries that trigger IGMP report messages from the switch that wants to receive IP multicast traffic The IGMP snooping feature listens to these IGMP reports to establish appropriate forwarding CLI Examples The following examples show commands to use with the IGMP Snooping Querier feature Example 1 Enable IGMP Snooping Querier on the Switch The first command in this example enables the IGMP snooping querier on the switch The second command specifies the IP address that the snooping querier switch should use as the source address when generating periodic queries console config ip igmp snooping console config ip igmp snooping querier console config ip igmp snooping querier address 10 10 20 12 NOTE The IGMP snoop
18. console configure console config router ospf console config router nsf The grace LSAs reach the neighbors before they drop their adjacencies with the access router PIM starts sending hello messages to its neighbors on the aggregation routers using a new generation ID to prompt the neighbors to quickly resend multicast routing information PIM neighbors recognize the new generation ID and immediately relay the group state back to the restarting router IGMP sends queries to relearn the hosts interest in multicast groups IGMP tells PIM the group membership and PIM sends JOIN messages upstream The control plane updates the driver with checkpointed unicast routes The forwarding plane reconciles L3 hardware tables The OSPF graceful restart finishes and the control plane deletes any stale unicast routes not relearned at this point The forwarding plane reconciles L3 multicast hardware tables Throughout the process the hosts continue to receive their multicast streams possibly with a short interruption as the top aggregation router learns that one it its LAG members is down The hosts see no more than a 50 ms interruption in unicast connectivity LAG1 LAG2 Access Router Aggregation Routers 176 Utility
19. interior gateway protocol and is typically used in small to medium sized networks RIP Configuration A router running RIP sends the contents of its routing table to each of its adjacent routers every 30 seconds When a route is removed from the routing table it is flagged as unusable by the receiving routers after 180 seconds and removed from their tables after an additional 120 seconds There are two versions of RIP RIP 1 defined in RFC 1058 Routes are specified by IP destination network and hop count The routing table is broadcast to all stations on the attached network RIP 2 defined in RFC 1723 Route specification is extended to include subnet mask and gateway The routing table is sent to a multicast address reducing network traffic An authentication method is used for security The PowerConnect 6200 Series supports both versions of RIP You may configure a given port To receive packets in either or both formats To transmit packets formatted for RIP 1 or RIP 2 or to send RIP 2 packets to the RIP 1 broadcast address To prevent any RIP packets from being received To prevent any RIP packets from being transmitted Routing Configuration 93 CLI Examples The configuration commands used in the following example enable RIP on ports vlan 2 and vlan 3 as shown in the network illustrated in Figure 4 6 Figure 4 6 Port Routing Example Network Diagram Examp
20. 1 g18 Switching Configuration 37 Voice VLAN Voice VLAN enables switch ports to carry voice traffic with a defined priority in order to enable the separation of voice and data traffic coming onto the port A primary benefit of using Voice VLAN is to ensure that the sound quality of an IP phone is safeguarded from deteriorating when the data traffic on the port is high The inherent isolation provided by VLANs ensures that inter VLAN traffic is under management control and that network attached clients cannot initiate a direct attack on voice components QoS based on IEEE 802 1P class of service CoS uses classification and scheduling to send network traffic from the switch in a predictable manner The system uses the source MAC address of the traffic traveling through the port to identify the IP phone data flow IP Phones will use this VLAN They will obtain their VLAN ID via CDP DHCP or LLDP MED The voice traffic is sent to the switch tagged The setup protocols CDP DHCP etc are not tagged Using Voice VLAN When an IP phone is connected to the switch the voice traffic from the phone and the data traffic from the network could potentially deteriorate the voice quality You can overcome this in multiple ways using different options in Voice VLAN You can configure the switch to support Voice VLAN on a port that is connecting the VOIP phone Both of the following methods segregate the voice traffic and the data traffic in order to p
21. 255 255 255 255 NOTE The bootfile is required to have a file type of cfg Attempts are made to download a default network configuration file with the name fp net cfg when the host specific bootfile cannot be found a failure occurs in the host specific configuration file download the switch was not provided a specific bootfile name by the DHCP server The switch unicasts or broadcasts TFTP requests for a network configuration file in the same manner as the attempts to download a host specific configuration file The default network configuration file should have IP address to hostname mappings using the command ip host lt hostname gt lt address gt If the default network configuration file does not contain the switch s IP address the switch uses DNS to attempt to resolve its hostname A sample fp net cfg file follows config ip host switch_to_setup 192 168 1 10 ip host another_switch 192 168 1 11 lt other hostname definitions gt exit 164 Utility Once a hostname has been determined the switch then issues a TFTP request for a file named lt hostname gt cfg file where lt hostname gt is the first 32 characters of the switch s hostname If the switch is unable to map its IP address to a hostname Auto Config sends TFTP requests for the default configuration file host cfg Table 9 1 summarizes the config files which may be downloaded and the order in which they are sought
22. Figure 4 7 Forwarding Without ECMP With ECMP Router A can forward traffic to some destinations in Network D via Link A and traffic to other destinations in Network D via Link B thereby taking advantage of the bandwidth of both links A hash algorithm is applied to the destination IP addresses to provide a mechanism for selecting among the available ECMP paths ECMP routes may be configured statically or learned dynamically If a user configures multiple static routes to the same destination but with different next hops then those routes will be treated as a single route with two next hops For example given the network in Figure 4 8 if the user configures the following two static routes on Router A the routing table will contain a single route to 20 0 0 0 8 Figure 4 8 Next Hop with Two Static Routes 98 Routing Configuration Routing protocols can also be configured to compute ECMP routes For example referring to Figure 4 8 if OSPF were configured in on both links connecting Router A and Router B and if Router B advertised its connection to 20 0 0 0 8 then Router A could compute an OSPF route to 20 0 0 0 8 with next hops of 10 1 1 2 and 10 1 2 2 Static and dynamic routes are all included in a single combined routing table This routing table accepts ECMP routes however the routing table will not combine routes from different sources to create ECMP routes Referring to Figure 4 8 assume OSPF is configured on only one of the links
23. The binding s database includes the following information for each entry Client MAC address Client IP address Time when client lease expires Client VLAN ID Client port DHCP snooping can be configured on switching VLANs and routing VLANs When a DHCP packet is received on a routing VLAN the DHCP snooping application applies its filtering rules and updates the bindings database If a client message passes filtering rules the message is placed into the software forwarding path where it may be processed by the DHCP relay agent or forwarded as an IP packet No binding Tentative binding Complete binding DISCOVER REQUEST DISCOVER DECLINE NACK ACK RELEASE NACK Switching Configuration 59 CLI Examples The commands below show examples of configuring DHCP Snooping for the switch and for individual interfaces Example 1 Enable DHCP snooping for the switch console config ip dhcp snooping console config exit console Example 2 Enable DHCP snooping on a VLAN console config ip dhcp snooping vlan 1 console config exit console Example 3 Enable DHCP snooping s Source MAC verification console config ip dhcp snooping verify mac address console config exit Example 4 Configure DHCP snooping database remote storage parameters console config ip dhcp snooping database tftp 10 131 11 1 dsDb txt console config console config exit Example 5 Confi
24. console config lldp notification interval 1000 console config lldp timers hold 8 reinit 5 console config exit Example 2 Set Interface LLDP Parameters The following commands configure the Ethernet interface 1 g10 to transmit and receive LLDP information console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g10 console config if 1 g10 lldp receive console config if 1 g10 lldp transmit console config if 1 g10 lldp transmit mgmt console config if 1 g10 exit console config exit Switching Configuration 53 Example 3 Show Global LLDP Parameters console show lldp LLDP Global Configuration Transmit Interval 30 seconds Transmit Hold Multiplier 8 Reinit Delay 5 seconds Notification Interval 1000 seconds Example 4 Show Interface LLDP Parameters console show lldp interface 1 g10 LLDP Interface Configuration Interface Link Transmit Receive Notify TLVs Mgmt 1 g10 Down Enabled Enabled Disabled Y TLV Codes 0 Port Description 1 System Name 2 System Description 3 System Capabilities 54 Switching Configuration Denial of Service Attack Protection This section describes the PowerConnect 6200 Series Denial of Service Protection feature Overview Denial of Service Spans two categories Protection of the
25. or routing domain and is a collection of networks with a common administration and routing strategy The AS is divided into areas Routers within an area must share detailed information on the topology of their area but require less detailed information about the topology of other areas Segregating a network into areas enables limiting the amount of route information communicated throughout the network Areas are identified by a numeric ID in IP address format n n n n note however that these are not used as actual IP addresses For simplicity the area can be configured and referred to in normal integer notation however the software converts these to dot notation by using the right most octet up to 255 and proceeding to the next left octet for higher values i e Area 20 is identified as 0 0 0 20 and Area 256 as 0 0 1 0 The area identified as 0 0 0 0 is referred to as Area 0 and is considered the OSPF backbone All other OSPF areas in the network must connect to Area 0 directly or through a virtual link The backbone area is responsible for distributing routing information between non backbone areas 82 Routing Configuration A virtual link can be used to connect an area to Area 0 when a direct link is not possible A virtual link traverses an area between the remote area and Area 0 see Figure 4 5 A stub area is an area that does not receive routes that were learned from a protocol other than OSPF or were statically configured These r
26. 0 0 exit interface vlan 2 routing ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2020 1 1 64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf network point to point exit interface tunnel 0 ipv6 address 2001 1 64 tunnel mode ipv6ip tunnel source 20 20 20 1 tunnel destination 10 10 10 1 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf network point to point exit interface loopback 0 ip address 1 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 exit exit Device 2 console config ip routing ipv6 unicast routing router ospf router id 2 2 2 2 exit ipv6 router ospf router id 2 2 2 2 exit interface vlan 15 routing ip address 10 10 10 1 255 255 255 0 ip ospf area 0 0 0 0 exit interface vlan 2 routing ipv6 enable 138 IPv6 ipv6 address 2020 2 2 64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf network point to point exit interface tunnel 0 ipv6 address 2001 2 64 tunnel mode ipv6ip tunnel source 10 10 10 1 tunnel destination 20 20 20 1 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf network point to point exit interface loopback 0 ip address 2 2 2 2 255 255 255 0 exit exit Quality of Service 139 7 Quality of Service This section includes the following subsections Class of Service Queuing on page 139 Differentiated Services on page 143 Class of Service Queuing The Class of Service CoS feature lets you give preferential treatment to certain types of traffic over others To set up this preferential treatment you can configure the ingress ports the egress ports and individual queues on the egress ports to provide customiza
27. 1 200 1 g4 1 200 1 g5 1 200 1 g6 1 200 1 g7 1 200 1 g8 1 200 1 g9 1 200 1 g10 1 200 1 g15 1 400 72 Switching Configuration Routing Configuration 73 4 Routing Configuration This section describes configuration scenarios and instructions for the following routing features VLAN Routing on page 74 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol on page 77 Proxy Address Resolution Protocol ARP on page 80 OSPF on page 81 Routing Information Protocol on page 92 Route Preferences on page 95 Loopback Interfaces on page 99 IP Helper on page 100 74 Routing Configuration VLAN Routing This section provides an example of how to configure PowerConnect 6200 Series software to support VLAN routing NOTE The management VLAN cannot be configured as a routing interface The switch may also be managed via VLAN routing interfaces CLI Examples The diagram in this section shows a Layer 3 switch configured for VLAN routing It connects two VLANs with two ports participating in one VLAN and one port in the other The script shows the commands you would use to configure PowerConnect 6200 Series software to provide the VLAN routing support shown in the diagram Figure 4 1 VLAN Routing Example Network Diagram Example 1 Create Two VLANs The following code sequence shows an example of creating two VLANs with egress frame tagging enabled console configur
28. ACL is a set of up to ten rules applied to inbound traffic Each rule specifies whether the contents of a given field should be used to permit or deny access to the network and may apply to one or more of the following fields within a packet Destination IP with wildcard mask Destination L4 Port Every Packet IP DSCP IP Precedence IP TOS Protocol Source IP with wildcard mask Source L4 port Destination Layer 4 port ACL Configuration Process To configure ACLs follow these steps 1 Create an ACL Create a MAC ACL by specifying a name Create an IP ACL by specifying a number 2 Add new rules to the ACL 3 Configure the match criteria for the rules 4 Apply the ACL to one or more interfaces Device Security 115 IP ACL CLI Example The script in this section shows you how to set up an IP ACL with two rules one applicable to TCP traffic and one to UDP traffic The content of the two rules is the same TCP and UDP packets will only be accepted by the PowerConnect 6200 Series switch if the source and destination stations have IP addresses that fall within the defined sets Figure 5 2 IP ACL Example Network Diagram 116 Device Security Step 1 Create an ACL and Define an ACL Rule This command creates an ACL named list1 and configures a rule for the ACL After the mask has been applied it permits packets carrying TCP traffic that matches t
29. Both VLANs are configured as VLAN routing interfaces and are in different subnets IGMP snooping is configured on VLAN 100 so that a member port will receive multicast data only if it sends an IMGP join message for that multicast group IGMP and PIM DM are enabled on each VLAN so that multicast data sent from a port on VLAN 200 can be routed to VLAN 100 NOTE If multicast routing and IGMP snooping are configured on the same switch do not use the commands bridge multicast filtering forward all or bridge multicast filtering forbidden on the VLAN interfaces These commands should be used in IGMP Snooping configurations only 1 Create VLANs 100 and 200 console configure console config vlan database console config vlan vlan 100 200 2 Enable IGMP snooping on VLAN 100 console config vlan ip igmp snooping 100 console config vlan exit 3 Enable routing on the switch console config ip routing 4 Configure VLAN 100 as a VLAN routing interface and assign an IP address and subnet mask console config interface vlan 100 console config if vlan100 routing console config if vlan100 ip address 10 10 10 1 255 255 255 0 5 Enable IGMP and PIM DM on the VLAN routing interface console config if vlan100 ip igmp console config if vlan100 ip pimdm NOTE When you enable PIM DM on the VLAN routing interface PIM SM is automatically enabled This is a known limitation Only one multicast routing protocol can be enabled globally on the s
30. Example 1 Associate an IP Subnet with a VLAN This example shows how to configure the switch so that all hosts with IP addresses in the 192 168 25 0 24 network are members of VLAN 10 console configure console config vlan database console config vlan vlan association subnet 192 168 25 0 255 255 255 0 10 Example 2 Associate an IP Address with a VLAN This example shows how to configure the switch so a host with an IP addresses of 192 168 1 11 is a member of VLAN 10 console configure console config vlan database console config vlan vlan association subnet 192 168 1 11 255 255 255 255 10 Example 3 Associate a MAC Address with a VLAN This example shows how to configure the switch so a host with a MAC address of 00 ff f2 a3 88 86 is a member of VLAN 10 console configure console config vlan database console config vlan vlan association mac 00 ff f2 a3 88 86 10 Switching Configuration 35 Example 4 Viewing IP Subnet and MAC Based VLAN Associations console show vlan association mac MAC Address VLAN ID 00FF F2A3 8886 10 console show vlan association subnet IP Subnet IP Mask VLAN ID 192 168 25 0 255 255 255 0 10 192 168 1 11 255 255 255 255 10 Private Edge VLANs Use the Private Edge VLAN feature to prevent ports on the switch from forwarding traffic to each other even if they are on the same VLAN Protected p
31. Mask Bcast CastFwd Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP Overview The SNTP implementation has the following features Used for synchronizing network resources Adaptation of NTP Provides synchronized network timestamp Can be used in broadcast or unicast mode SNTP client implemented over UDP that listens on port 123 18 System Configuration CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used in the SNTP feature Example 1 Viewing SNTP Options Dell PC62XX Routing Config sntp console config sntp authenticate Require authentication for received Network Time Protocol NTP traffic from servers authentication key Define an authentication key for Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP broadcast Configure SNTP client broadcast parameters client Configure the SNTP client parameters server Configure SNTP server parameters trusted key Authenticate the identity of a system to which SNTP will synchronize unicast Configure SNTP client unicast parameters Example 2 Configuring the SNTP Server console config sntp server lt ipaddress domain name gt Enter SNTP server address or the domain name console config sntp server 192 168 10 25 key Authentication key to use when sending packets to this peer poll Enable Disable SNTP server polling priority Configure SNTP server priority lt cr gt Press enter t
32. Method Yes Yes Issue a unicast request for the host specific router config file to the TFTP server Yes No Issue a unicast request for a default network or router config file to the TFTP server No Yes Issue a broadcast request for the host specific router config file to any available TFTP server No No Issue a broadcast request for the default network or router config file to any available TFTP server Utility 165 Host Specific Config File Not Found If the Auto Config process fails to download a configuration file a message is logged If a final configuration file is not downloaded as described in Table 9 1 the Auto Config procedure continues to issue TFTP broadcast requests The frequency of the broadcasts is once per 10 minute period Terminating the Auto Config Process A user can terminate the Auto Config process at any time prior to the downloading of the config file This is useful when the switch is disconnected from the network or when the requisite configuration files are configured on TFTP servers Termination of the Auto Config process ends further periodic requests for a host specific file Managing Downloaded Config Files The configuration files downloaded by Auto Config are stored in the nonvolatile memory The files may be managed viewed displayed deleted along with files downloaded by the configuration scripting utility A file is not automatically deleted after it is downloaded The file does not ta
33. Option 3 of a BOOTP or DHCP response 166 Utility Dependency Upon Other Network Services The Auto Config process depends upon the following network services A DHCP or BOOTP server must be configured on the network with appropriate services A configuration file for the switch must be available from a TFTP server on the network The switch must be connected to the network A DNS server must contain an IP address to hostname mapping for the TFTP server if the DHCP server response contains only the hostname for the TFTP server A DNS server must contain an IP address to hostname mapping for the switch if a lt hostname gt cfg file is to be downloaded If a default gateway is needed to forward TFTP requests IP helper addresses will need to be configured on the gateway to provide those services Other Functions CLI Scripting CLI scripting can apply config files It can be used to manage view validate delete downloaded config files query Auto Config status and to stop or restart the feature Logging A message is logged for each of the following events Auto Config component receiving a config file name and other options upon resolving an IP address by DHCP or BOOTP client The boot options values are logged Auto Config component initiating a TFTP request for a boot config file receiving the file or timing out of that request Filenames and server IP addresses hostnames are
34. RADIUS Traffic from unknown client Learn MAC EAPOL Timeout Initiate MAB 30 seconds EAPOL Request Identity D 01 80 c2 00 00 03 30 seconds RADIUS Access Accept RADIUS Access Request Client Authentication EAPOL Request Identity D 01 80 c2 00 00 03 30 seconds EAPOL Request Identity D 01 80 c2 00 00 03 124 Device Security Example 2 Show MAB Configuration To show the MAB configuration for interface 1 5 use the following command console show dot1x ethernet 1 g5 Administrative Mode Enabled Port Admin Oper Reauth Reauth Mode Mode Control Period 1 g5 mac based Authorized TRUE 300 Quiet Period 60 Transmit Period 30 Maximum Requests 2 Max Users 16 Supplicant Timeout 30 Server Timeout secs 30 MAB mode configured Enabled MAB mode operational Enabled Logical Supplicant AuthPAE Backend VLAN Username Filter Port MAC Address State State Id Id 64 0012 43D1 D19F Authenticated Idle 1 Device Security 125 Captive Portal Overview Captive Portal feature is a software implementation th
35. Router and Setting Interface Costs The following example shows you how to configure an OSPF border router areas and interfaces in the switch Figure 4 3 OSPF Example Network Diagram Border Router VLAN 50 192 150 2 1 VLAN 70 192 150 2 2 VLAN 80 192 150 3 1 VLAN 90 192 150 4 1 84 Routing Configuration IPv4 OSPFv2 IPv6 OSPFv3 Enable routing for the switch console config ip routing exit console config ipv6 unicast routing exit Enable routing and assign IP for VLANs 70 80 and 90 config interface vlan 70 routing ip address 192 150 2 2 255 255 255 0 exit interface vlan 80 routing ip address 192 130 3 1 255 255 255 0 exit interface vlan 90 routing ip address 192 64 4 1 255 255 255 0 exit exit config interface vlan 70 routing ipv6 enable exit interface vlan 80 routing ipv6 address 2002 1 64 exit interface vlan 90 routing ipv6 address 2003 1 64 exit exit Specify a router ID Disable 1583 compatibility to prevent a routing loop IPv4 only config router ospf router id 192 150 9 9 no 1583compatibility exit exit config ipv6 router ospf router id 1 1 1 1 exit exit OSPF is globally enabled by default To make it operational on the router you configure OSPF for particular interfaces and identify which area the interface is associated with The following commands also sets the priority and cost for the ports Routing Configuration 85 Example 2 Co
36. a source port Packets received on the source port transmitted on a port or both received and transmitted can be mirrored to the destination port CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used in the Port Mirroring feature Example 1 Set up a Port Mirroring Session The following command sequence enables port mirroring and specifies a source and destination ports console configure console config monitor session 1 mode console config monitor session 1 source interface 1 g7 rx Monitor ingress packets only tx Monitor egress packets only lt cr gt Press enter to execute the command console config monitor session 1 source interface 1 g7 console config monitor session 1 destination interface 1 g10 console config exit Example 2 Show the Port Mirroring Session console show monitor session 1 Session ID Admin Mode Probe Port Mirrored Port Type 1 Enable 1 g10 1 g7 Rx Tx 50 Switching Configuration Port Security This section describes the Port Security feature Overview Port Security Allows for limiting the number of MAC addresses on a given port Packets that have a matching MAC address secure packets are forwarded all other packets unsecure packets are restricted Enabled on a per port basis When locked only packets with allowable MAC address will be forwarded Supports both dynamic
37. and static Implement two traffic filtering methods These methods can be used concurrently Dynamic Locking User specifies the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a port The maximum number of MAC addresses is 100 After the limit is reached additional MAC addresses are not learned Only frames with an allowable source MAC address are forwarded Static Locking User manually specifies a list of static MAC addresses for a port Operation Port Security Helps secure network by preventing unknown devices from forwarding packets When link goes down all dynamically locked addresses are freed If a specific MAC address is to be set for a port set the dynamic entries to 0 then only allow packets with a MAC address matching the MAC address in the static list Dynamically locked MAC addresses are aged out if another packet with that address is not seen within the age out time The user can set the time out value Dynamically locked MAC addresses are eligible to be learned by another port Static MAC addresses are not eligible for aging Switching Configuration 51 CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used in the Port Security feature Example 1 Enable Port Security on an Interface console config interface ethernet 1 g18 console config if 1 g18 port security lt cr gt Press enter to execute the command discard Discard fram
38. between Router A and Router B Then on Router A assume that OSPF reports to the routing table a route to 20 0 0 0 8 with a next hop of 10 1 1 2 If the user also configures a static route to 20 0 0 0 8 with a single next hop of 10 1 2 2 the routing table will not combine the OSPF and static routes into a single route to 20 0 0 0 8 with two next hops All next hops within an ECMP route must be provided by the same source An ECMP route contains only next hops whose paths to the destination are of equal cost Referring to Figure 4 8 if OSPF were configured on all links but Router A s interface to the 10 1 1 x network had an OSPF link cost of 5 and its interface to the 10 1 2 x network had an OSPF link cost of 10 then OSPF would use only 10 1 1 2 as the next hop to 20 0 0 0 8 Example 1 Configuring an ECMP Route In the following example two static routes to the same destination are configured to use different next hops e g for load balancing purposes Note that the preference metric is not specified so both routes assume the default static route preference of 1 console Config ip route 20 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 10 1 1 2 ip route 20 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 10 1 2 2 exit The following command adds a third route with a preference value of 5 This route will be used only when the first two are unreachable ip route 20 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 10 1 3 2 5 Routing Configuration 99 Loopback Interfaces PowerConnect 6200 Series software provides for the crea
39. config if loopback0 ip address 192 168 1 2 255 255 255 255 console config if loopback0 exit console config exit You can view the interface configuration from the Privileged Exec mode console show ip interface loopback 0 Primary IP Address 192 168 2 2 255 255 255 255 Routing Mode Enable Administrative Mode Enable Forward Net Directed Broadcasts Disable Proxy ARP Enable Local Proxy ARP Disable Active State Active Link Speed Data Rate Inactive MAC Address 00FF F2A3 8888 Encapsulation Type 100 Routing Configuration IP MTU 1500 Bandwidth 100000 kbps Destination Unreachables Enabled ICMP Redirects Enabled To delete a loopback interface enter the following command from the Global Config mode console config no interface loopback 0 console config IP Helper The IP Helper feature provides the ability for a router to forward configured UDP broadcast packets to a particular IP address This allows applications to reach servers on non local subnets This is possible even
40. creating virtual local area networks VLANs and Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP snooping interfaces and enabling port security Routing Configuration on page 73 provides configuration scenarios for layer 3 features such as VLAN routing Open Shortest Path First OSPF and Routing Information Protocol RIP Device Security on page 105 provides information on creating access control lists and configuring RADIUS and TACACS servers IPv6 on page 135 describes configuring and using IPv6 enabled interfaces in a mixed IPv6 IPv4 network Quality of Service on page 139 provides configuration scenarios for class of service CoS queueing and differentiated services DiffServ Multicast on page 149 describes how to configure IGMP IGMP proxy Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP and Protocol Independent Multicast PIM on the switch Utility on page 161 describes the Auto Config and Nonstop Forwarding NSF features 10 About this Document Additional Documentation The following documentation provides additional information about PowerConnect 6200 Series software The CLI Command Reference for your Dell PowerConnect switch describes the commands available from the command line interface CLI for managing monitoring and configuring the switch The User s Guide for your Dell PowerConnect switch describes the Web GUI Many of the scenarios described in this doc
41. exit interface vlan 7 routing ip address 10 1 2 2 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 1 2 211 88FF FE2A 3CB3 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 1 exit router ospf router id 4 4 4 4 area 0 0 0 1 virtual link 5 5 5 5 network 10 2 3 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 network 10 1 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 1 exit ipv6 router ospf router id 4 4 4 4 area 0 0 0 1 virtual link 5 5 5 5 exit exit Configure Router C Router C is a ABR that enables a virtual link from the remote Area 2 in the AS to Area 0 In addition to the configuration steps described for Router C in the previous example we define a virtual link that traverses Area 1 to Router B 4 4 4 4 console configure ipv6 unicast routing ip routing interface vlan 10 Routing Configuration 91 routing ip address 10 1 2 1 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 1 2 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 1 exit interface vlan 11 routing ip address 10 1 101 1 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 1 101 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 2 exit ipv6 router ospf router id 5 5 5 5 area 0 0 0 1 virtual link 4 4 4 4 exit router ospf router id 5 5 5 5 area 0 0 0 1 virtual link 4 4 4 4 network 10 1 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 1 network 10 1 101 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 2 exit exit 92 Routing Configuration Routing Information Protocol Routing Information Protocol RIP is one of the protocols which may be used by routers to exchange network topology information It is characterized as an
42. functions are handled by the IGMP protocol in IPv4 In IPv6 multicast routers use the Multicast Listener Discover MLD protocol to maintain group membership information Multicast routers must also be able to construct a multicast distribution tree that enables forwarding multicast datagrams only on the links that are required to reach a destination group member Protocols such as DVMRP and PIM handle this function IGMP is a multicast group discovery protocol that is used between the clients and the local multicast router PIM SM PIM DM and DVMRP are multicast routing protocols that are used across different subnets usually between the local multicast router and remote multicast router 150 Multicast When to Enable IP Multicast on the PowerConnect 6200 Series Switch Use the IP multicast feature on the PowerConnect 6200 Series switch to route multicast traffic between VLANs on the switch If all hosts connected to the switch are on the same subnet there is no need to configure the IP multicast feature If the switch does not handle L3 routing you can use IGMP snooping to manage port based multicast group membership For more information see IGMP Snooping on page 40 If the local network does not have a multicast router you can configure the switch to act as the IGMP querier For more information see IGMP Snooping Querier on page 43 IGMP Configuration The Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP is used by IPv4 hosts to send re
43. multicast ip igmp interface vlan 15 ip igmp proxy Additional configuration options are available for the igmp proxy command lt cr gt Press Enter to execute the command reset status Reset All the proxy interface status parameters unsolicited report interval Configure IGMP Proxy unsolicited report interval The value of the unsolicited report interval can range from 1 to 260 seconds The default is 1 second Use this command from the Interface mode 152 Multicast Example 2 View IGMP Proxy Configuration Data You can use various commands from Privileged EXEC or User EXEC modes to show IGMP proxy configuration data Use the following command to display a summary of the host interface status parameters It displays the parameters only when IGMP Proxy is enabled console show ip igmp proxy Interface Index vlan 15 Admin Mode Enabled Operational Mode Disabled Use the following command to display interface parameters when IGMP Proxy is enabled console show ip igmp proxy interface Use this command to display information about multicast groups that IGMP proxy reported It displays a table of entries with the following as the fields of each column console show ip igmp proxy groups Use the following command to display information about multicast groups that IGMP proxy reported It displays a table of entr
44. on the system the captive portal instance status shows Disabled with an appropriate reason code Client Authentication Logout Request The administrator can configure and enable user logout This feature allows the authenticated client to deauthenticate from the network Radius Attribute Description Range Usage Default User Name 1 User name to be authorized 1 32 characters Required None User Password 2 User password 8 64 characters Required None Session Timeout 27 Logout once session timeout is reached seconds If the attribute is 0 or not present then use the value configured for the captive portal Integer seconds Optional 0 Captive Portal Groups 6231 127 A comma delimited list of group names that correspond to the configured CP instance configurations String Optional None the default group is used if not defined here 128 Device Security In response to the request the authenticated user is removed from the connection status tables If the client logout request feature is not enabled or the user does not specifically request logout the connection status remains authenticated until Captive Portal deauthenticates session timeout idle time etc In order for user logout to function properly the client browser must be configured such that JavaScript is enabled and popup windows are allowed Web Page Customization Captive Portal provides a web interface to create and customize a
45. or the shared secrets differ the server returns no result If the server requires additional verification from the user it returns a challenge and the request process begins again If you use a RADIUS server to authenticate users you must configure user attributes in the user database on the RADIUS server The user attributes include the user name password and privilege level NOTE To set the privilege level use the Service Type attribute Do not us any vendor specific attribute value pairs The following example shows an entry in the FreeRADIUS etc raddb users file that allows a user name admin to log onto the switch with read write privileges which is equivalent to privilege level 15 admin Auth Type Local User Password pass1234 Service Type NAS Prompt User enable Auth Type Local User Password pass5678 Service Type Administrative User The values for the Service Type attribute are as follows NAS Prompt User indicates the user should be provided a command prompt on the NAS from which nonprivileged commands can be executed Administrative User indicates the user should be granted access to the administrative interface to the NAS from which privileged commands can be executed RADIUS Configuration Examples This section contains examples of commands used to configure RADIUS settings on the switch Example 1 Basic RADIUS Server Configuration This example configures two RADIUS
46. outcome of the authentication process the authenticator PAE then controls the authorized unauthorized state of the controlled Port Authentication is accomplished via an external authentication server Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System TACACS 802 1x Network Access Control Examples This section contains examples of the CLI commands used to configure 802 1X Example 1 Configure RADIUS Server for Authentication This example configures a single RADIUS server used for authentication at 10 10 10 10 The shared secret is configured to be secret The process creates a new authentication list called radiusList which uses RADIUS as the authentication method This authentication list is associated with the 802 1x default login 802 1x port based access control is enabled for the system and interface 1 g1 is configured to be in force authorized mode because this is where the RADIUS server and protected network resources are located Device Security 107 Figure 5 1 Switch with 802 1x Network Access Control If a user or supplicant attempts to communicate via the switch on any interface except interface 1 g1 the system challenges the supplicant for login credentials The system encrypts the provided information and transmits it to the RADIUS server If the RADIUS server grants access the system sets the 802 1x port state of the interface to authorized and the su
47. same broadcast domain as interface 1 g5 console show bridge multicast address table Vlan MAC Address Type Ports 100 0100 5E01 0101 Dynamic 1 g5 Forbidden ports for multicast addresses Vlan MAC Address Ports 100 0100 5E01 0101 console show ip mcast mroute summary Multicast Route Table Summary Incoming Outgoing Source IP Group IP Protocol Interface Interface List 20 20 20 20 225 1 1 1 PIMDM vlan 200 vlan 100 160 Multicast Utility 161 9 Utility This section describes the following features Auto Config on page 162 Nonstop Forwarding on a Switch Stack on page 168 162 Utility Auto Config Overview Auto Config is a software feature that automatically configures a switch when the device is initialized and no configuration file is found on the switch Auto Config is accomplished in three phases 1 Assignment configuration of an IP address for the device 2 Assignment of a TFTP server 3 Obtaining a configuration file for the device from the TFTP server Functional Description The Auto Config feature initiates when a switch is turned on and the startup config file is not found Auto Config is successful when a configuration file is downloaded to the switch from a TFTP server The Auto Config process requ
48. servers at 10 10 10 10 and 11 11 11 11 Each server has a unique shared secret key The shared secrets are configured to be secret1 and secret2 respectively The server at 10 10 10 10 is configured as the primary server The process creates a new authentication list called radiusList which uses RADIUS as the primary authentication method and local authentication as a backup method in the event that the RADIUS server cannot be contacted Device Security 119 Figure 5 3 RADIUS Servers in a Network When a user attempts to log in the switch prompts for a username and password The switch then attempts to communicate with the primary RADIUS server at 10 10 10 10 Upon successful connection with the server the login credentials are exchanged over an encrypted channel The server grants or denies access which the switch honors and either allows or does not allow the user to access the switch If neither of the two servers can be contacted the switch searches its local user database for the user console config radius server host 10 10 10 10 console Config radius key secret1 console Config radius priority 1 console Config radius exit console config radius server host 11 11 11 11 console Config radius key secret2 console Config radius priority 50 console Config radius exit console config aaa authentication login radiusList radius local console config aaa authentication dot1x default radius 120 Device Security Example 2 Set
49. specific web page for each Captive Portal configuration This is accomplished by providing text input components that accept Unicode literal characters NOTE Customization of Captive Portal web pages is accomplished using the Web UI and is not available by using the CLI Figure 5 6 PowerConnect 6200 Series Switch with TACACS The administrator can download and configure image files for branding purposes Each image must first be copied onto the switch Captive Portal provides a HTTP file browser component for this purpose GIF Graphics Interchange Format and or JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group file types are supported Once an image file is copied to the switch it can be selected from a drop down list and associated with a specific web page configuration The authentication server generates user verification pages upon receipt of a specific URL request The URL provides an interface identifier that links to the data in the Captive Portal configuration The authentication server reads the associated data to construct and serve the appropriate web page Captive Portal Status Captive Portal status is available primarily through 3 tables Client Connections Authentication Failures Activity Log Client Connections Client entries are added to and deleted from this table as each user becomes authenticated or de authenticated using Captive Portal A trap is sent for every addition Each table entry identifies the
50. switch Protection of the network Protects against the exploitation of a number of vulnerabilities which would make the host or network unstable Compliant with Nessus Dell tested the switch software with Nessus version 2 0 10 Nessus is a widely used vulnerability assessment tool PowerConnect 6200 Series software provides a number of features that help a network administrator protect networks against DoS attacks There are 6 available types of attacks which can be monitored for and blocked Each type of attack is represented by a dos control command keyword console config dos control firstfrag Enables IPv4 first fragment checking icmp Enables ICMP size checking l4port Enables L4 port number checking sipdip Enables SIP DIP checking tcpflag Enables TCP flag checking tcpfrag Enables TCP fragment checking Switching Configuration 55 Table 3 1 describes the dos control keywords Table 3 1 DoS Control CLI Examples The commands shown below show how to enable DoS protection and view its status Example 1 Enabling all DOS Controls console configure console config dos control sipdip console config dos control firstfrag console config dos control tcpfrag console config dos control l4port console config dos control icmp console config exit Keyword Meaning firstfrag Enabling First Fragment DoS prevention causes the switch to drop packets that have a TCP header
51. to VLAN 100 This command automatically enables the Guest VLAN Supplicant Mode on the interface NOTE Define the VLAN before configuring an interface to use it as the guest VLAN console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g20 console config if 1 g20 dot1x guest vlan 100 console config if 1 g20 lt CTRL Z gt console show dot1x advanced ethernet 1 g20 Port Guest Unauthenticated VLAN Vlan 1 g20 Disabled Disabled Device Security 111 Authentication Server Filter Assignment The PowerConnect 6200 Series switches allow the external 802 1X Authenticator or RADIUS server to assign DiffServ policies to users that authenticate to the switch When a host supplicant attempts to connect to the network through a port the switch contacts the 802 1X authenticator or RADIUS server which then provides information to the switch about which DiffServ policy to assign the host supplicant The application of the policy is applied to the host after the authentication process has completed To enable filter assignment by an external server the following conditions must be true 1 The port that the host is connected to must be enabled for MAC based port access control by using the following command in Interface Config mode dot1x port control mac based 2 The RADIUS or 802 1X server must specify the policy to assign For example if the DiffServ policy to assign is named internet_access includ
52. traffic is relayed to the receivers Senders first send the multicast data to the RP which in turn sends the data down the shared tree to the receivers Shared trees centered on an RP do not necessarily provide the shortest most optimal path In such cases PIM SM provides a means to switch to more efficient source specific trees A data threshold rate is configured to determine when to switch from shared tree to source tree PIM SM uses a Bootstrap Router BSR which advertises information to other multicast routers about the RP In a given network a set of routers can be administratively enabled as candidate bootstrap routers If it is not apparent which router should be the BSR the candidates flood the domain with advertisements The router with the highest priority is elected If all the priorities are equal then the candidate with the highest IP address becomes the BSR PIM SM is defined in RFC 4601 Multicast 155 Example PIM SM The following example configures PIM SM for IPv4 on a router First configure an OSPF1 router and globally enable IP routing multicast IGMP and PIM SM Next configure a PIM SM rendezvous point with an IP address and group range The IP address will serve as an RP for the range of potential multicast groups specified in the group range Finally enable routing IGMP PIM SM and OSPF on one or more interfaces console configure router ospf router id 3 3 1 1 exit ip routing ip multicast ip igmp i
53. 1 Enable routing for the switch IP forwarding is then enabled by default console config console config ip routing 2 Configure the IP addresses and subnet masks for the port that will participate in the protocol console config interface vlan 50 console config if vlan50 ip address 192 150 2 20 255 255 255 0 console config if vlan50 exit 3 Enable VRRP for the switch console config ip vrrp Routing Configuration 79 4 Assign virtual router ID to the interface that will participate in the protocol console config interface vlan 50 console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 5 Specify the IP address that the virtual router function will recognize console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 ip 192 150 2 1 6 Set the priority for the interface Assigning a lower priority value than the interface on the other router ensures that this interface the backup console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 priority 250 7 Start the virtual router on the interface console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 mode console config if vlan50 exit Using the Web Interface to Configure VRRP Use the following screens to perform the same configuration using the Graphical User Interface Routing gt IP gt Configuration To enable routing for the switch Routing gt IP gt Interface Configuration To enable routing for the VLAN interfaces and configure their IP addresses and subnet masks Routing gt VRRP gt VRRP Configu
54. 2 OSPF is enabled on the IPv4 VLAN routing interface in the next code group interface vlan 10 routing ip address 10 1 2 2 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 1 2 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 1 exit interface vlan 5 routing ip address 10 2 3 2 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 2 3 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf exit interface vlan 17 routing ip address 10 2 4 2 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 2 4 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 2 exit 88 Routing Configuration For IPv4 Define an OSPF router Define Area 1 as a stub Enable OSPF for IPv4 on VLANs 10 5 and 17 by globally defining the range of IP addresses associated with each interface and then associating those ranges with Areas 1 0 and 17 respectively Then configure a metric cost to associate with static routes when they are redistributed via OSPF router ospf router id 2 2 2 2 area 0 0 0 1 stub area 0 0 0 2 nssa network 10 1 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 1 network 10 2 3 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 network 10 2 4 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 2 redistribute static metric 1 subnets exit For IPv6 Define an OSPF router Define Area 1 as a stub and area 2 as a Not So Stubby Area NSSA Configure a metric cost to associate with static routes when they are redistributed via OSPF ipv6 router ospf router id 2 2 2 2 area 0 0 0 1 stub area 0 0 0 2 nssa redistribute static metric 105 metric type 1 exit exit Routing Configuration 89 Example 3 Configuring a Virtual
55. 5 1 1 xg3 No 15 1 1 xg4 No 15 1 ch1 No 15 1 ch2 No 15 1 Switching Configuration 65 ch3 No 15 1 ch4 No 15 1 ch5 No 15 1 ch6 No 15 1 ch7 No 15 1 ch8 No 15 1 ch9 No 15 1 ch10 No 15 1 More or q uit console Example 15 Show DHCP Snooping Per Port Statistics console show ip dhcp snooping statistics Interface MAC Verify Client Ifc DHCP Server Failures Mismatch Msgs Rec d 1 g2 0 0 0 1 g3 0 0 0 1 g4 0 0 0 1 g5 0 0 0 1 g6 0 0 0 1 g7 0 0 0 1 g8 0 0 0 1 g9 0 0 0 1 g10 0 0 0 66 Switching Configuration 1 g11 0 0 0 1 g12 0 0 0 1 g13 0 0 0 1 g14 0 0 0 1 g15 0 0 0 1 g16 0 0 0 1 g17 0 0 0 1 g18 0 0 0 1 g19 0 0 0 1 g20 0 0 0 More or q uit 1 g21 0 0 0 1 g22 0 0 0 1 g23 0 0 0 1 g24 0 0 0 1 xg3 0 0 0 1 xg4 0 0 0 ch1 0 0 0 ch2 0 0 0 ch3 0 0 0 ch4 0 0 0 ch5 0 0 0 ch6 0 0 0 ch7 0 0 0 ch8 0 0 0 ch9 0 0 0 ch10 0 0 0 ch11 0 0 0 ch12 0 0 0 Switching Configuration 67 ch13 0 0 0 ch14 0 0 0 ch15 0 0 0 ch16 0 0 0 ch17 0 0 0 More or q uit sFlow This section describes the sFlow feature sFlow is the industry standard for monitoring high speed switched and routed networks sFlow technology is built into network equipment and gives complete visibility into network activity enabling effective management and control of network resources Overvi
56. About VLAN 2 console show ip interface vlan 2 Primary IP Address 192 168 10 33 255 255 255 0 Routing Mode Enable Administrative Mode Enable Forward Net Directed Broadcasts Disable Proxy ARP Enable Local Proxy ARP Disable Active State Inactive Link Speed Data Rate 10 Half MAC Address 00FF F2A3 888A Encapsulation Type Ethernet IP MTU 1500 Web Interface Use the following screens to perform the same configuration using the Web Interface Switching gt VLAN gt Membership To create VLANs and specify port participation Switching gt VLAN gt Port Settings To specify the PVID and mode for the port 34 Switching Configuration IP Subnet and MAC Based VLANs In addition to port based VLANs the switch also supports VLANs that are based on the IP address or MAC address of a host With IP subnet and MAC based VLANs the VLAN membership is determined by the address of the host rather than the port to which the host is attached CLI Examples The following examples show how to associate an IP subnet with a VLAN a specific IP address with a VLAN and a MAC address with a VLAN
57. BGP or RIP to communicate outside the AS The ASBR performs route redistribution i e when it learns routes from other protocols it originates external LSAs that advertise those prefixes within the AS Metrics and Route Selection You can configure the metric type of external routes originated through route redistribution The metric type influences the routes computed by other OSPF routers in the domain OSPF determines the best route using the assigned cost and the type of the OSPF route The following order is used for choosing a route if more than one type of route exists 1 Intra area the source and destination address are in the same area 2 Inter area the source and destination are not in the same area i e the route crosses the OSPF backbone 3 External Type 1 4 External Type 2 Routing Configuration 83 External routes are those imported into OSPF from other routing protocol or processes OSPF computes the path cost differently for external type 1 and external type 2 routes The cost of an external type 1 route is the cost advertised in the external LSA plus the path cost from the calculating router to the ASBR The cost of an external type 2 route is the cost advertised by the ASBR in its external LSA NOTE The following example uses the CLI to configure OSPF You can also use the Web interface Click Routing gt OSPF or IPv6 gt OSPFv3 in the navigation tree CLI Examples Example 1 Configuring an OSPF Border
58. Configuration 23 Storm Control A traffic storm occurs when incoming packets flood the LAN resulting in network performance degradation The Storm Control feature protects against this condition The switch software provides broadcast multicast and unicast storm recovery for individual interfaces Unicast Storm Control protects against traffic whose MAC addresses are not known by the system For broadcast multicast and unicast storm control if the rate of traffic ingressing on an interface increases beyond the configured threshold for that type the traffic is dropped To configure storm control you will enable the feature for all interfaces or for individual interfaces and you will set the threshold storm control level beyond which the broadcast multicast or unicast traffic will be dropped Configuring a storm control level also enables that form of storm control Disabling a storm control level using the no version of the command sets the storm control level back to default value and disables that form of storm control Using the no version of the storm control command not stating a level disables that form of storm control but maintains the configured level to be active next time that form of storm control is enabled NOTE The actual rate of ingress traffic required to activate storm control is based on the size of incoming packets and the hard coded average packet size of 512 bytes used to
59. Device Security Ingress ACLs support Flow based Mirroring and ACL Logging which have the following characteristics Flow based mirroring is the ability to mirror traffic that matches a permit rule to a specific physical port or LAG Flow based mirroring is similar to the redirect function except that in flow based mirroring a copy of the permitted traffic is delivered to the mirror interface while the packet itself is forwarded normally through the device You cannot configure a given ACL rule with mirror and redirect attributes ACL Logging provides a means for counting the number of hits against an ACL rule When you configure ACL Logging you augment the ACL deny rule specification with a log parameter that enables hardware hit count collection and reporting The switch uses a fixed five minute logging interval at which time trap log entries are written for each ACL logging rule that accumulated a non zero hit count during that interval You cannot configure the logging interval Using ACLs to mirror traffic is called flow based mirroring since the traffic flow is defined by the ACL classification rules This is in contrast to port mirroring where all traffic encountered on a specific interface is replicated on another interface You can set up ACLs to control traffic at Layer 2 Layer 3 or Layer 4 MAC ACLs operate on Layer 2 IP ACLs operate on Layers 3 and 4 Limitations The following limitations apply to ingress a
60. IP phone on the network The Voice VLAN component interacts with LLDP MED for applying VLAN ID priority and tag information to the VoIP phone traffic For release 2 0 and earlier the Voice VLAN feature can only be used by IP phones that support LLDP MED e g 4610SW Avaya phones Example 1 Configuring Voice VLAN The commands in this example create a VLAN for voice traffic with a VLAN ID of 25 Then Voice VLAN is administratively enabled on the switch Finally port 1 g12 is set to an 802 1Q VLAN and then enabled for Voice VLAN traffic console configure console config vlan database console config vlan vlan 25 console config vlan exit console config voice vlan console config interface ethernet 1 g12 console config if 1 g12 switchport mode general console config if 1 g12 voice vlan 25 console config if 1 g12 exit console config exit console show voice vlan interface 1 g12 Interface 1 g12 Voice VLAN Interface Mode Enabled Voice VLAN ID 25 Voice VLAN COS Override False Voice VLAN Port Status Disabled Voice VLAN Authentication Enabled Switching Configuration 39 Example 2 Configuring Voice VLAN on an Unauthenticated Port In some networks multiple devices for example a PC Printer and phone are connected to a single port on the switch The PC
61. IUS server The following command enables MAC based authentication on port 1 g8 and limits the number of devices that can authenticate on that port to 3 The switchport mode general command sets the port to an 802 1Q VLAN The port must be in general mode in order to enable MAC based 802 1X authentication console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g8 console config if 1 g8 switchport mode general console config if 1 g8 dot1x port control mac based console config if 1 g8 dot1x max users 3 console config if 1 g8 exit console config exit console show dot1x ethernet 1 g8 Administrative Mode Enabled Port Admin Oper Reauth Reauth Mode Mode Control Period 1 g8 mac based Unauthorized FALSE 3600 Quiet Period 60 Transmit Period 30 Maximum Requests 2 Max Users 3 Supplicant Timeout 30 Server Timeout secs 30 Logical Supplicant AuthPAE Backend VLAN Username Filter Port MAC Address State State Id Id 112 0000 0000 0000 Initialize Idle Device Security 109 802 1X Authentication and VLANs The PowerConnect 6200 Series switches allow a port to be placed into a particular VLAN based o
62. Interface Routing gt IP gt Configuration gt To enable routing for the switch Routing gt IP gt Interface Configuration gt To configure the VLAN routing interfaces Routing gt RIP gt Configuration To enable RIP for the switch Routing gt RIP gt Interface Configuration To enable RIP for the VLAN routing interfaces and specify the RIP versions Routing Configuration 95 Route Preferences You can use route preference assignment to control how the router chooses which routes to use when alternatives exist This section describes three uses of route preference assignment Assigning Administrative Preferences to Routing Protocols on page 95 Using Equal Cost Multipath on page 97 Assigning Administrative Preferences to Routing Protocols The router may learn routes from various sources static configuration local route discovery RIP and OSPF Most routing protocols use a route metric to determine the shortest path known to the protocol however these metrics are independent of one another and not easily comparable Therefore when the router learns a route to a particular destination from two different sources the metrics do not provide a means of choosing the best route for your network The PowerConnect 6200 Series switch enables you to identify the preferred route type by assigning an administrative preference value to each type The values are arbitrary 1 to 255 however a rou
63. Link In this example Area 0 connects directly to Area 1 A virtual link is defined that traverses Area 1 and connects to Area 2 Figure 4 5 illustrates this example OSPF configuration Figure 4 5 OSPF Configuration Virtual Link Configure Router A Router A is a backbone router Configuration steps are similar to those for Router A in the previous example console configure ipv6 unicast routing ip routing exit ipv6 router ospf router id 3 3 3 3 exit interface vlan 5 routing ip address 10 2 3 3 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 2 3 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf exit Router B ABR 4 4 4 4 Virtual Link 10 1 101 1 3000 1 101 64 10 1 2 2 24 3000 1 2 64 eui64 10 2 3 2 3000 2 3 64 Area 2 0 0 0 2 IR 5 3 0 0 Area 1 0 0 0 1 Router C ABR 5 5 5 5 10 1 2 1 24 3000 1 2 64 10 2 3 3 24 3000 2 3 64 Router A backbone 3 3 3 3 Area 0 0 0 0 0 backbone VLAN 10 VLAN 7 VLAN 11 VLAN 2 VLAN 5 90 Routing Configuration router ospf router id 3 3 3 3 network 10 2 3 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 exit exit Configure Router B Router B is a ABR that directly connects Area 0 to Area 1 In addition to the configuration steps described in the previous example we define a virtual link that traverses Area 1 to Router C 5 5 5 5 console configure ipv6 unicast routing ip routing interface vlan 2 routing ip address 10 2 3 2 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 2 3 64 eui64 ipv6 ospf
64. P the relay agent retains the source IP address from the original client packet The relay agent uses a local IP address as the source IP address of relayed DHCP client packets When a switch receives a broadcast UDP packet on a routing interface the relay agent verifies that the interface is configured to relay to the destination UDP port If so the relay agent unicasts the packet to the configured server IP addresses Otherwise the relay agent verifies that there is a global configuration for the destination UDP port If so the relay agent unicasts the packet to the configured server IP addresses Otherwise the packet is not relayed NOTE If the packet matches a discard relay entry on the ingress interface the packet is not forwarded regardless of the global configuration Protocol UDP Port Number IEN 116 Name Service 42 DNS 53 NetBIOS Name Server 137 NetBIOS Datagram Server 138 TACACS Server 49 Time Service 37 DHCP 67 Trivial File Transfer Protocol 69 102 Routing Configuration The relay agent only relays packets that meet the following conditions The destination MAC address must be the all ones broadcast address FF FF FF FF FF FF The destination IP address must be the limited broadcast address 255 255 255 255 or a directed broadcast address for the receive interface The IP time to live TTL must be greater than 1 The protocol field in the IP header must be UDP 17
65. Quality of Service CLI Example This example shows how a network administrator can provide equal access to the Internet or other external network to different departments within a company Each of four departments has its own Class B subnet that is allocated 25 of the available bandwidth on the port accessing the Internet Figure 7 3 DiffServ Internet Access Example Network Diagram Example 1 DiffServ Inbound Configuration Ensure DiffServ operation is enabled for the switch console config diffserv Create a DiffServ class of type all for each of the departments and name them Define the match criteria Source IP address for the new classes class map match all finance_dept match srcip 172 16 10 0 255 255 255 0 exit class map match all marketing_dept Quality of Service 145 match srcip 172 16 20 0 255 255 255 0 exit class map match all test_dept match srcip 172 16 30 0 255 255 255 0 exit class map match all development_dept match srcip 172 16 40 0 255 255 255 0 exit Create a DiffServ policy for inbound traffic named internet_access adding the previously created department classes as instances within this policy This policy uses the assign queue attribute to put each department s traffic on a different egress queue This is how the DiffServ inbound policy connects to the CoS queue settings established below policy map internet_access in class finance_dept assign queue 1 exit class marketing_dept as
66. Switching Configuration 29 3 Switching Configuration This section provides configuration scenarios for the following features Virtual LANs on page 29 Voice VLAN on page 37 IGMP Snooping on page 40 IGMP Snooping Querier on page 43 Link Aggregation Port Channels on page 45 Port Mirroring on page 49 Port Security on page 50 Link Layer Discovery Protocol on page 52 Denial of Service Attack Protection on page 54 DHCP Snooping on page 56 sFlow on page 67 Virtual LANs Adding Virtual LAN VLAN support to a Layer 2 switch offers some of the benefits of both bridging and routing Like a bridge a VLAN switch forwards traffic based on the Layer 2 header which is fast Like a router it partitions the network into logical segments which provides better administration security and management of multicast traffic A VLAN is a set of end stations and the switch ports that connect them You can have many reasons for the logical division for example department or project membership The only physical requirement is that the end station and the port to which it is connected both belong to the same VLAN Each VLAN in a network has an associated VLAN ID which appears in the IEEE 802 1Q tag in the Layer 2 header of packets transmitted on a VLAN An end station may omit the tag or the VLAN portion of the tag in which case the first switch port to r
67. access for authenticated users Authenticated users are required to enter a valid user name and password that are validated against the local database or a RADIUS server Network access is granted once user verification has been confirmed The administrator can block access to a captive portal configuration When an instance is blocked no client traffic is allowed through any associated interfaces Blocking a captive portal instance is a temporary command executed by the administrator not saved in the configuration When using Local authentication the administrator provides user identities for Captive Portal by adding unique user names and passwords to the Local User Database This configuration is global to the captive portal component and can contain up to 128 user entries a RADIUS server should be used if more users are required A local user can belong to only one group There is one group created by default with the group name Default to which all new users are assigned Device Security 127 All new captive portal instances are also assigned to the Default group The administrator can create new groups and modify the user group association to only allow a subset of users access to a specific captive portal instance Network access is granted upon successful verification of user credentials A remote RADIUS server can be used for client authentication RADIUS authentication and accounting servers are configured separately from the cap
68. at allows client access only on user verification Verification can be configured to allow access for guest and authenticated users Users must be validated against a database of authorized captive portal users locally or through a radius client The Authentication server supports both HTTP and HTTPS web connections In addition Captive Portal can be configured to use an optional HTTP or HTTPS port in support of HTTP Proxy networks If configured this additional port is used exclusively by Captive Portal NOTE This optional port is in addition to the default ports HTTP port 80 and HTTPS port 443 which are used for all other web traffic The main captive portal component is a generic implementation that runs within the switch It provides the network administrator with a common method to configure captive portals for client access The generic captive portal component handles all configurations client authentication and manages status and statistics for presentation to the network administrator communicating with interface specific components as required Functional Description Captive Portal for wired interfaces allows the clients directly connected to the switch be authenticated using a Captive Portal mechanism before the client is given access to the network When a wired physical port is enabled for Captive Portal the port is set in a captive portal enabled state all traffic coming into the port from unauthenticated clients are drop
69. atabase or the management unit can checkpoint this data directly to the backup unit Persistent storage allows an application on a standalone unit to retain its data across a restart but since the amount of storage is limited persistent storage is not always practical The NSF checkpoint service allows the management unit to communicate certain data to the backup unit in the stack When the stack selects a backup unit the checkpoint service notifies applications to start a complete checkpoint After the initial checkpoint is done applications checkpoint changes to their data Utility 169 NOTE The switch cannot guarantee that a backup unit has exactly the same data that the management unit has when it fails For example the management unit might fail before the checkpoint service gets data to the backup if an event occurs shortly before a failover Table 9 3 lists the applications on the switch that checkpoint data and describes the type of data that is checkpointed Table 9 3 Applications that Checkpoint Data Application Checkpointed Data ARP Dynamic ARP entries Auto VOIP Calls in progress Captive Portal Authenticated clients DHCP server Address bindings persistent DHCP snooping DHCP bindings database DOT1Q Internal VLAN assignments DOT1S Spanning tree port roles port states root bridge etc DOT1X Authenticated clients DOT3ad Port states IGMP MLD Snooping Multicast groups list of router ports
70. atch conditions only MAC ACLs are not supported in the egress direction Egress ACLs only support Permit Deny Action Logging mirroring and redirect action are not supported Only one Egress ACL can be applied on an interface The ACL can have multiple rules to classify flows and apply permit deny action If the Egress ACLs have over lapping rules then there can be undesired behavior This limitation is only applicable if the conflicting ACLs are within the same unit The restriction is explained below ACL 1 permit tcp destination port 3000 deny all ACL 2 drop ip source 10 1 1 1 permit all ACL 1 is applied on port 1 and ACL 2 is applied on port 2 Due to this limitation all the packets egressing port 2 with Source IP 10 1 1 1 and tcp source port 3000 will be permitted even though they should be dropped MAC ACLs MAC ACLs are Layer 2 ACLs You can configure the rules to inspect the following fields of a packet Source MAC address Source MAC mask Destination MAC address Destination MAC mask VLAN ID Class of Service CoS 802 1p Ethertype L2 ACLs can apply to one or more interfaces Multiple access lists can be applied to a single interface sequence number determines the order of execution You can assign packets to queues using the assign queue option 114 Device Security IP ACLs IP ACLs classify for Layers 3 and 4 Each
71. atic route you can assign a preference value to it The preference overrides the setting inherited as the default value for static routes In this example two static routes are defined to the same destination but with different next hops and different preferences 25 and 30 The route with the higher preference will only be used when the preferred route is unavailable console Config ip route 10 25 67 0 255 255 255 0 10 25 22 2 ip route 10 25 67 0 255 255 255 0 10 25 21 0 exit Similarly you can create two default routes one preferred and the other used as a backup In this example the preference values 1 and 10 are assigned console Config ip route default 10 25 67 2 1 ip route default 10 25 67 7 10 exit Routing Configuration 97 Using Equal Cost Multipath The equal cost multipath ECMP feature allows a router to use more than one next hop to forward packets to a given destination prefix It can be used to promote a more optimal use of network resources and bandwidth A router that does not use ECMP forwards all packets to a given destination through a single next hop This next hop may be chosen from among several next hops that provide equally good routes to the destination For example in Figure 4 7 Router A sends all traffic to destinations in Network D through next hop NH1 even though the route through NH2 is equally good Forwarding all traffic via NH1 may cause Link A to be overloaded while Link B is not used at all
72. authenticated user the connection interface and the captive portal instance for which the client is authenticated and the current session time The administrator may issue a command to de authenticate a connected client As a result the client session is terminated and the associated entry is removed from the database This does not prevent the user from obtaining a subsequent captive portal connection The administrator must remove the user entry from the local user database or RADIUS configuration to prevent future connections The size of the table has a limit of 1024 entries If the list becomes full new table entries are rejected and a trap is sent for every rejected client Device Security 129 Captive Portal Statistics Client session statistics are available for both guest and authenticated users Client statistics are used to enforce the idle timeout and other limits configured for the user and captive portal instance Client statistics may not be cleared by the administrator since this would affect the ability to monitor the configured limits CLI Examples Example 1 Enter Captive Portal configuration mode To enter Captive Portal configuration mode use the following command console config captive portal console config CP Example 2 Enable Captive Portal To globally enable Captive Portal use the following command Captive Portal configuration mode console config CP enable Example 3 Enable Captive Portal
73. calculate a packet per second pps rate as the forwarding plane requires pps versus an absolute rate Kbps For example if the configured limit is 10 this is converted to 25000 pps and this pps limit is set in forwarding plane hardware You get the approximate desired output when 512bytes packets are used CLI Example The following examples show how to configure the storm control feature an Ethernet interface The interface number is 1 g17 24 System Configuration Example 1 Set Broadcast Storm Control for an Interface console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g17 console config if 1 g17 storm control broadcast lt cr gt Press enter to execute the command level Configure storm control thresholds console config if 1 g17 storm control broadcast level lt rate gt Enter the storm control threshold as percent of port speed Percent of port speed is converted to PacketsPerSecond based on 512 byte average packet size and applied to HW Refer to documentation for further details console config if 1 g17 storm control broadcast level 7 Example 2 Set Multicast Storm Control for an Interface console config if 1 g17 storm control multicast level 8 Example 3 Set Unicast Storm Control for an Interface console config if 1 g17 storm control unicast level 5 System Configuration 25 Cable Diagnostics This section describes Copper Port Cable Test on page 25 Fiber Port Cable T
74. ces OSPF is enabled on the IPv4 interface in the next code group interface vlan 6 routing ip address 10 2 3 3 255 255 255 0 ipv6 address 3000 2 3 64 eui64 ip ospf area 0 0 0 0 ipv6 ospf exit interface vlan 12 routing ip address 10 3 100 3 255 255 255 0 Router B ABR 5 5 5 5 10 1 2 2 24 3000 1 2 64 eui64 10 2 4 2 3000 2 4 64 10 2 3 2 3000 2 3 64 Area 1 0 0 0 1 Stub IR 5 3 0 0 ASBR 5 1 0 0 10 2 3 3 24 3000 2 3 64 Router A backbone 3 3 3 3 IR 5 4 0 0 Area 2 0 0 0 2 NSSA Area 0 0 0 0 0 backbone AS 1 AS 2 10 3 100 3 24 3000 3 100 64 VLAN 10 VLAN 5 VLAN 17 VLAN 6 VLAN 12 Routing Configuration 87 ipv6 address 3000 3 100 64 eui64 ip ospf area 0 0 0 0 ipv6 ospf exit Define an OSPF router ipv6 router ospf router id 3 3 3 3 exit router ospf router id 3 3 3 3 exit exit Configure Router B Router B is a ABR that connects Area 0 to Areas 1 and 2 Configure IPv6 and IPv4 routing The static routes are included for illustration only Redistributed static routes like routes distributed from other protocols are not injected into stub areas such as Area 1 console configure ipv6 unicast routing ipv6 route 3000 44 44 64 3000 2 3 210 18ff fe82 c14 ip route 10 23 67 0 255 255 255 0 10 2 3 3 On VLANs 10 5 and 17 configure IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and enable OSPF For IPv6 associate VLAN 10 with Area 1 and VLAN 17 with Area
75. cription 22 CLI Example 22 Storm Control 23 CLI Example 23 Cable Diagnostics 25 Copper Port Cable Test 25 Fiber Port Cable Test 27 4 3 Switching Configuration 29 Virtual LANs 29 VLAN Configuration Example 30 CLI Examples 31 Web Interface 33 IP Subnet and MAC Based VLANs 34 CLI Examples 34 Private Edge VLANs 35 CLI Example 36 Voice VLAN 37 Using Voice VLAN 37 In
76. ction with the server the switch and server exchange the login credentials over an encrypted channel The server then grants or denies access which the switch honors and either allows or does not allow the user to gain access to the switch If neither of the two servers can be contacted the switch searches its local user database for the user console config console config tacacs server host 10 10 10 10 console config key tacacs1 console config exit console config tacacs server host 11 11 11 11 console config key tacacs2 console config priority 2 console config exit console config aaa authentication login tacacsList tacacs local 122 Device Security 802 1x MAC Authentication Bypass MAB MAB is a supplemental authentication mechanism that allows 802 1x unaware clients such as printers and fax machines to authenticate to the network using the client MAC address as an identifier The known and allowable MAC address and corresponding access rights of the client must be pre populated in the authentication server MAB only works when the port control mode of the port is mac based MAB uses the 802 1x infrastructure and it cannot be supported independent of the Dot1x component Operation in the Network Mac Authentication Bypass MAB can be configured on a per port basis When a port configured for MAB receives traffic from an unauthenticated client the switch Authenticator Sends a EAP Request packet to the unauthent
77. d from any of the following fields Utility 163 The hostname of the TFTP server option 66 or sname Either the TFTP address or name is specified not both in most network configurations If a TFTP hostname is given a DNS server is required to translate the name to an IP address The IP address of the TFTP server option 150 The address of the TFTP server siaddr to be used for Auto Config requests No configuration assigned by BOOTP or DHCP is saved in startup config A DNS server is needed to resolve the IP address of the TFTP server only if the sname or option 66 values are used Obtaining a Config File After obtaining IP addresses for both the switch and the TFTP server the Auto Config process attempts to download a configuration file When possible a host specific configuration file is downloaded Otherwise a network configuration file is used to get the final configuration The process is described below The switch attempts to download a host specific configuration file if a bootfile name was specified by the DHCP or BOOTP server The switch makes three unicast TFTP requests for the specified bootfile If the unicast attempts fail or if a TFTP server address was not provided the switch makes three broadcast requests to any available TFTP server for the specified bootfile A TFTP broadcast request is a simple TFTP request with broadcast destination MAC address ff ff ff ff ff ff and destination IP address
78. d in the traceroute command CLI Example The following shows an example of using the traceroute command to determine how many hops there are to the destination The command output shows each IP address the packet passes through and how long it takes to get there In this example the packet takes 16 hops to reach its destination console traceroute ip Enter IP Address ipv6 Use keyword ipv6 if entering IPv6 Address console traceroute 72 14 253 99 Traceroute to 72 14 253 99 30 hops max 0 byte packets 1 10 131 10 1 lt 10 ms lt 10 ms lt 10 ms 2 210 210 108 193 lt 10 ms 10 ms lt 10 ms 3 192 168 81 1 lt 10 ms 10 ms lt 10 ms 4 210 214 5 161 lt 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 5 210 214 5 169 lt 10 ms lt 10 ms 10 ms 6 124 7 202 2 10 ms lt 10 ms lt 10 ms 7 210 18 7 166 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms 8 202 144 2 193 30 ms 30 ms 30 ms 9 202 144 113 151 30 ms 40 ms 30 ms 10 72 14 196 97 40 ms 30 ms 100 ms 11 216 239 43 216 40 ms 40 ms 30 ms 12 216 239 43 209 60 ms 40 ms 40 ms 13 216 239 43 222 40 ms 50 ms 50 ms 14 216 239 43 221 100 ms 110 ms 100 ms 15 209 85 250 88 130 ms 130 ms 120 ms 16 209 85 250 105 130 ms 120 ms 130 ms 17 209 85 250 91 160 ms 160 ms 160 ms 18 216 239 47 237 290 ms 240 ms 250 ms 19 216 239 46 211 240 ms 270 ms 250 ms System Configuration 13 More or q uit 20 64 233 174 99 250 ms 240 ms 250 ms Hop Count 20 Last TTL 30 Test attempt 90 Test Success 90 Configuration Scripting Configuration scripting allows yo
79. ddress The following code sequence shows how to enable routing for the VLANs and how to configure the IP addresses and subnet masks for the virtual router ports console configure console config interface vlan 10 console config if vlan10 routing console config if vlan10 ip address 192 150 3 1 255 255 255 0 console config if vlan10 exit console configure console config interface vlan 20 console config if vlan20 routing console config if vlan20 ip address 192 150 4 1 255 255 255 0 console config if vlan20 exit Example 4 Enable Routing for the Switch In order for the VLAN to function as a routing interface you must enable routing on the VLAN and on the switch console config ip routing Using the Web Interface to Configure VLAN Routing Use the following screens to perform the same configuration using the Web Interface Switching gt VLAN gt VLAN Membership To create the VLANs and specify port participation Switching gt VLAN gt Port Settings To set the PVID and VLAN type Routing gt VLAN Routing gt Configuration To enable routing on Vlans Routing gt IP gt Configuration To enable routing for the switch Routing gt IP gt Interface Configuration To configure VLAN IP addresses and subnet masks Routing Configuration 77 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol When an end station is statically configured with the address of the router that will handle its r
80. e console config vlan database Layer 3 Switch Layer 2 Switch Layer 2 Switch VLAN 10 VLAN 20 Physical Port 1 g1 VLAN 10 192 150 3 1 Physical Port 1 g3 VLAN 20 192 150 4 1 Physical Port 1 g2 Routing Configuration 75 console config vlan vlan 10 console config vlan vlan 20 console config vlan exit Example 2 Configure the VLAN Members The following code sequence shows an example of adding ports to the VLANs and assigning the PVID for each port The PVID determines the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on the ports console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g1 console config if 1 g1 switchport mode general console config if 1 g1 switchport general allowed vlan add 10 console config if 1 g1 switchport general pvid 10 console config if 1 g1 exit console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g2 console config if 1 g2 switchport mode general console config if 1 g2 switchport general allowed vlan add 10 console config if 1 g2 switchport general pvid 10 console config if 1 g2 exit console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g3 console config if 1 g3 switchport mode general console config if 1 g3 switchport general allowed vlan add 20 console config if 1 g3 switchport general pvid 20 console config if 1 g3 exit 76 Routing Configuration Example 3 Set Up VLAN Routing for the VLANs and Assign an IP A
81. e and then expedite the traffic on the outbound side The configuration script is for Router 1 in the accompanying diagram a similar script should be applied to Router 2 Quality of Service 147 Figure 7 4 DiffServ VoIP Example Network Diagram 148 Quality of Service Example 2 Configuring DiffServ VoIP Support Enter Global Config mode Set queue 6 on all ports to use strict priority mode This queue shall be used for all VoIP packets Activate DiffServ for the switch console config cos queue strict 6 diffserv Create a DiffServ classifier named class_voip and define a single match criterion to detect UDP packets The class type match all indicates that all match criteria defined for the class must be satisfied in order for a packet to be considered a match class map match all class_voip match protocol udp exit Create a second DiffServ classifier named class_ef and define a single match criterion to detect a DiffServ code point DSCP of EF expedited forwarding This handles incoming traffic that was previously marked as expedited elsewhere in the network class map match all class_ef match ip dscp ef exit Create a DiffServ policy for inbound traffic named pol_voip then add the previously created classes class_ef and class_voip as instances within this policy This policy handles incoming packets already marked with a DSCP value of EF per class_ef definition or marks UDP packets per the class_voip definition w
82. e Auto Config process use the following command console show boot Config Download via DHCP enabled Auto Config State Waiting for boot options Auto Config State Resolving switch hostname Auto Config State Downloading file lt boot gt cfg Example 2 Enable Auto Config To start or stop Auto Config on the switch use the following commands console boot host dhcp console no boot host dhcp 168 Utility Nonstop Forwarding on a Switch Stack Networking devices such as the PowerConnect 6200 Series switches are often described in terms of three semi independent functions called the forwarding plane the control plane and the management plane The forwarding plane forwards data packets and is implemented in hardware The control plane is the set of protocols that determine how the forwarding plane should forward packets deciding which data packets are allowed to be forwarded and where they should go Application software on the management unit acts as the control plane The management plane is application software running on the management unit that provides interfaces allowing a network administrator to configure the device The Nonstop Forwarding NSF feature allows the forwarding plane of stack units to continue to forward packets while the control and management planes restart as a result of a power failure hardware failure or software fault on the stack management unit This type of operation is called nonstop for
83. e enter password console Config CP user 1 session timeout 14400 To verify the creation of a local user use the following command console show captive portal user Session Idle User ID User Name Timeout Timeout Group ID Group Name 1 user1 14400 0 1 Default Example 8 Associate an Interface with a Captive Portal Configuration To associate an interface with a Captive Portal configuration use the following command console configure Config captive portal Config CP configuration 1 console Config CP 1 interface 1 g18 To view the new interface use the following command console show captive portal configuration 1 interface CP ID 1 CP Name Default Device Security 133 Operational Block Interface Interface Description Status Status 1 g18 Unit 1 Slot 0 Port 18 Gigabit Level Disabled Not Blocked To view the status of a captive client connected to 1 g18 use the following command console show captive portal configuration 1 client status CP ID 1 CP Name Default Client Client MAC Address IP Address Interface Interface Description
84. e stack removes the unit 1 link to AS1 from its LAG The stack forwards outgoing packets through the unit 2 link to AS1 during the failover During the failover the stack continues to send BPDUs and LAG PDUs on its links on unit 2 The LAGs stay up with one remaining link in each and spanning tree on the aggregation switches does not see a topology change Figure 9 1 Data Center Stack Topology LAG1 LAG2 Unit 1 Unit 2 AS1 AS2 172 Utility VoIP Figure 9 2 shows how nonstop forwarding maintains existing voice calls during a management unit failure Assume the top unit is the management unit When the management unit fails the call from phone A is immediately disconnected The call from phone B continues On the uplink the forwarding plane removes the failed LAG member and continues using the remaining LAG member If phone B has learned VLAN or priority parameters through LLDP MED it continues to use those parameters The stack resumes sending LLDPDUs with MED TLVs once the control plane restarts Phone B may miss an LLDPDU from the stack but should not miss enough PDUs to revert its VLAN or priority assuming the administrator has not reduced the LLDPDU interval or hold count If phone B is receiving quality of service from policies installed in the hardware those policies are retained across the management unit restart Figure 9 2 NSF and VoIP DHCP Snooping Scenario Figure 9 3 illustrates an L2 access switch running DHCP s
85. e the following attribute in the RADIUS or 802 1X server configuration Filter id internet_access 3 The DiffServ policy specified in the attribute must already be configured on the switch and the policy names must be identical For information about configuring a DiffServ policy see Differentiated Services on page 143 The section Example 1 DiffServ Inbound Configuration on page 144 describes how to configure a policy named internet_access NOTE If the policy specified within the server attribute does not exist on the switch authentication will fail Access Control Lists ACLs This section describes the Access Control Lists ACLs feature Overview Access Control Lists ACLs are a collection of permit and deny conditions called rules that provide security by blocking unauthorized users and allowing authorized users to access specific resources ACLs can also provide traffic flow control restrict contents of routing updates and decide which types of traffic are forwarded or blocked Normally ACLs reside in a firewall router or in a router connecting two internal networks The PowerConnect 6200 Series switch supports ACL configuration in both the ingress and egress direction Egress ACLs provide the capability to implement security rules on the egress flows rather than the ingress flows Ingress and egress ACLs can be applied to any physical port including 10G or port channel or VLAN routing port 112
86. eceive the packet may either reject it or insert a tag using its default VLAN ID A given port may handle traffic for more than one VLAN but it can only support one default VLAN ID Two features let you define packet filters that the switch uses as the matching criteria to determine if a particular packet belongs to a particular VLAN 30 Switching Configuration The IP subnet Based VLAN feature lets you map IP addresses to VLANs by specifying a source IP address network mask and the desired VLAN ID The MAC based VLAN feature let packets originating from end stations become part of a VLAN according to source MAC address To configure the feature you specify a source MAC address and a VLAN ID The Private Edge VLAN feature lets you set protection between ports located on the switch This means that a protected port cannot forward traffic to another protected port on the same switch The feature does not provide protection between ports located on different switches For information about authenticated unauthenticated and guest VLANs see 802 1X Authentication and VLANs on page 109 VLAN Configuration Example The diagram in this section shows a switch with four ports configured to handle the traffic for two VLANs Port 1 g18 handles traffic for both VLANs while port 1 g17 is a member of VLAN 2 only and ports 1 g19 and 1 g20 are members of VLAN 3 only The script following the diagram shows the commands you would use to c
87. ed state the CP directs the HTTP S traffic to the switch to allow the client to authenticate with the switch Once the client is authenticated the client is placed in Authenticated state in this state all the traffic emerging from the client will be forwarded through the switch Captive Portal Configuration Status and Statistics This section describes the configurations status and statistics that can be viewed by a network administrator Captive Portal customized web pages are only configurable via the Web Interface Otherwise the configurations included in this section are managed using the standard management interfaces Web CLI and SNMP Captive Portal Configuration The Captive Portal configuration allows the network administrator to control Verification and authentication Assignment to interfaces Client sessions Web page customization The administrator can create up to 10 captive portal configuration instances Each configuration contains flags and definitions for controlling client access and content used to customize the user verification web page A captive portal configuration can be applied to one or more interfaces An interface may only be a physical port on the switch Client Access Authentication and Control User verification can be configured to allow access for guest users users that do not have assigned user names and passwords User verification can also be configured to allow
88. ed with a particular source group S G pair PIM DM uses a State Refresh message This message is sent by the router s directly connected to the source and is propagated throughout the network When received by a router on its RPF interface the State Refresh message causes an existing prune state to be refreshed State Refresh messages are generated periodically by the router directly attached to the source PIM DM is appropriate for Densely distributed receivers A ratio of few senders to many receivers due to frequent flooding High volume of multicast traffic Constant stream of traffic Example PIM DM The following example configures PIM DM for IPv4 on a router First configure an OSPF1 router and globally enable IP routing multicast IGMP and PIM DM Next enable routing IGMP PIM DM and OSPF on one more interfaces console configure router ospf router id 3 3 1 1 exit ip routing ip multicast ip igmp ip pimdm interface vlan 1 routing ip address 3 3 3 1 255 255 255 0 ip pimdm ip igmp ip ospf area 0 exit interface vlan 3 routing ip address 1 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ip pimdm ip igmp ip ospf area 0 exit exit 1 OSPF configuration is added as a unicast protocol for illustration purposes static unicast routing could also be configured Multicast 157 Multicast Routing and IGMP Snooping In this example ports 1 g5 and 1 g10 are members of VLAN 100 and port 1 g15 is a member of VLAN 200
89. eparately If the receive rate exceeds a configurable limit DHCP snooping brings down the interface The user must do no shutdown on this interface to further work with that port The user can configure both the rate and the burst interval Switching Configuration 57 The hardware rate limits DHCP packets sent to the CPU from interfaces to 64 Kbps The DHCP snooping application processes incoming DHCP messages For DHCPRELEASE and DHCPDECLINE messages the application compares the receive interface and VLAN with the client interface and VLAN in the bindings database If the interfaces do not match the application logs the event and drops the message For valid client messages DHCP snooping compares the source MAC address to the DHCP client hardware address When there is a mismatch DHCP snooping logs and drops the packet The network administrator can disable this feature using the no ip dhcp snooping verify mac address command DHCP snooping forwards valid client messages on trusted members within the VLAN If DHCP relay co exists with DHCP snooping DHCP client messages are sent to DHCP relay for further processing The DHCP snooping application uses DHCP messages to build and maintain the binding s database The binding s database only includes data for clients on untrusted ports DHCP snooping creates a tentative binding from DHCP DISCOVER and REQUEST messages Tentative bindings tie a client to a port the port where the DHCP client mes
90. erating periodic queries The final command enables the Snooping Querier to participate in the Querier Election process when it discovers the presence of another Querier in the VLAN NOTE For IGMP Snooping Querier functionality to be operationally enabled on the VLAN IGMP Snooping and IGMP Snooping Querier must both be enabled globally on the switch console config vlan database console config vlan ip igmp snooping querier 10 console config vlan ip igmp snooping querier 10 address 10 10 11 40 console config vlan ip igmp snooping querier election participate 10 Switching Configuration 45 Example 5 Show IGMP Snooping Querier Information for VLAN 10 console show ip igmp snooping querier vlan 10 Vlan 10 IGMP Snooping querier status IGMP Snooping Querier Vlan Mode Enable Querier Election Participate Mode Enable Querier Vlan Address 10 10 11 40 Operational State Querier Operational version 2 Operational Max Resp Time 10 Link Aggregation Port Channels This section shows how to use the Link Aggregation feature to configure port channels via the Command Line Interface and the Graphical User Interface The Link Aggregation LAG feature allows the switch to treat multiple physical links between two end points as a single logical lin
91. ers on the switches and routers rather than using a resource reservation protocol This section explains how to configure the switch to identify which traffic class a packet belongs to and how it should be handled to provide the desired quality of service As implemented in PowerConnect 6200 Series software DiffServ allows you to control what traffic is accepted and what traffic is discarded Traffic to be processed by the DiffServ feature requires an IP header if the system uses IP Precedence or IP DSCP marking How you configure DiffServ support in PowerConnect 6200 Series software varies depending on the role of the switch in your network Edge device An edge device handles ingress traffic flowing towards the core of the network and egress traffic flowing away from the core An edge device segregates inbound traffic into a small set of traffic classes and is responsible for determining a packet s classification Classification is primarily based on the contents of the Layer 3 and Layer 4 headers and is recorded in the Differentiated Services Code Point DSCP added to a packet s IP header Interior node A switch in the core of the network is responsible for forwarding packets rather than for classifying them It decodes the DSCP in an incoming packet and provides buffering and forwarding services using the appropriate queue management algorithms Before configuring DiffServ on a particular PowerConnect 6200 Series switch
92. ers to the services offered by a system Control over the access to a switch and the LAN to which it is connected can be desirable in order to restrict access to publicly accessible bridge ports or departmental LANs The PowerConnect 6200 Series switch achieves access control by enforcing authentication of supplicants that are attached to an authenticator s controlled ports The result of the authentication process determines whether the supplicant is authorized to access services on that controlled port A PAE Port Access Entity can adopt one of two roles within an access control interaction Authenticator Port that enforces authentication before allowing access to services available via that Port Supplicant Port that attempts to access services offered by the Authenticator Additionally there exists a third role Authentication server Server that performs the authentication function necessary to check the credentials of the supplicant on behalf of the Authenticator Completion of an authentication exchange requires all three roles The PowerConnect 6200 Series switch supports the authenticator role only in which the PAE is responsible for communicating with the supplicant The authenticator PAE is also responsible for submitting information received from the supplicant to the authentication server in order for the credentials to be checked which determines the authorization state of the port Depending on the
93. es with unlearned source addresses max Configure the maximum addresses that can be learned on the port trap Sends SNMP Traps and specifies the minimum time between consecutive traps console config if 1 g18 port security Example 2 Show Port Security console show ports security addresses Addresses ethernet Ethernet port port channel Link Aggregation interface lt cr gt Press enter to execute the command Example 3 Show Port Security on an Interface console show ports security ethernet 1 g18 Port Status Action Maximum Trap Frequency 1 g18 Locked Discard 100 Disable 30 52 Switching Configuration Link Layer Discovery Protocol The Link Layer Discovery Protocol LLDP feature allows individual interfaces on the switch to advertise major capabilities and physical descriptions Network managers can view this information and identify system topology and detect bad configurations on the LAN LLDP has separately configurable transmit and receive functions Interfaces can transmit and receive LLDP information CLI Examples Example 1 Set Global LLDP Parameters Use the following sequence to specify switch wide notification interval and timers for all LLDP interfaces console config lldp notification interval Configure minimum interval to send remote data change notifications timers Configure the LLDP global timer values
94. esources consumed by data checkpointing Checkpointing only occurs when a backup unit is elected so there is no need to disable the NSF feature on a standalone switch When a new unit is added to the stack the new unit takes the configuration of the stack including the NSF setting 1 Each switch is assigned four consecutive MAC addresses The system uses the first three MAC addresses for the service port network port and routing interfaces The fourth MAC address is reserved for future use A stack of switches uses the four MAC addresses assigned to the management unit Utility 171 Configuration Examples The actual configuration of the feature is simple NSF is either enabled or disabled The examples in this section describe how the NSF feature acts in various environments and with various switch applications Data Center Figure 9 1 illustrates a data center scenario where the stack of two PowerConnect 6200 Series switches acts as an access switch The access switch is connected to two aggregation switches AS1 and AS2 The stack has a link from two different units to each aggregation switch with each pair of links grouped together in a LAG The two LAGs and link between AS1 and AS2 are members of the same VLAN Spanning tree is enabled on the VLAN Assume spanning tree selects AS1 as the root bridge Assume the LAG to AS1 is the root port on the stack and the LAG to AS2 is discarding Unit 1 is the management unit If unit 1 fails th
95. est on page 27 NOTE Cable Diagnostics is supported on SFP XFP ports but not on the Stacking CX 4 SFP 10GbaseT ports Copper Port Cable Test The cable test feature enables you to determine the cable connection status on a selected port The switch uses Time Domain Reflectometry TDR technology to determine the quality and characteristics of a copper cable attached to a port NOTE The cable test feature is supported only for copper cable it is not supported for optical fiber cable NOTE The copper related commands do not apply to the stacking 10G BaseT or CX 4 ports associated with these plug in modules In privileged exec mode enter test copper port tdr unit port to run the cable test on the specified port One of the following statuses are returned Normal The cable is working correctly Open The cable is disconnected or there is a faulty connector Short There is an electrical short in the cable Cable Test Failed The cable status could not be determined The cable may in fact be working The command also returns a cable length estimate if this feature is supported by the PHY for the current link speed The length is displayed as the estimated length Note that if the link is down and a cable is attached to a 10 100 Ethernet adapter then the cable status may display as Open or Short because some Ethernet adapters leave unused wire pairs unterminated or grounded Unknown is displayed if the cable leng
96. ew As illustrated in Figure 3 5 the sFlow monitoring system consists of sFlow Agents embedded in a switch router or standalone probe and a central sFlow Collector sFlow Agents use sampling technology to capture traffic statistics from monitored devices sFlow datagrams forward sampled traffic statistics to the sFlow Collector for analysis Figure 3 5 sFlow Architecture sFlow Collector Analyzer sFlow Agent sFlow Agent sFlow Agent sFlow Agent 68 Switching Configuration The advantages of using sFlow are It is possible to monitor all ports of the switch continuously with no impact on the distributed switching performance Minimal memory CPU is required Samples are not aggregated into a flow table on the switch they are forwarded immediately over the network to the sFlow collector System is tolerant to packet loss in the network statistical model means loss is equivalent to slight change in sampling rate sFlow collector can receive data from multiple switches providing a real time synchronized view of the whole network The Collector can analyze traffic patterns based on protocols found in the headers e g TCP IP IPX Ethernet AppleTalk This alleviates the need for a layer 2 switch to decode and understand all protocols sFlow Agents sFlow Agents use two forms of sampling Statistical packet based sampling of switched or routed Packet Flows Time based samplin
97. figure relay entries that do not specify a destination UDP port The relay agent assumes that these entries match packets with the UDP destination ports listed in Table 4 1 the list of default ports Routing Configuration 101 Table 4 1 Default Ports UDP Port Numbers Implied By Wildcard The switch limits the number of relay entries to four times the maximum number of VLAN routing interfaces 512 relay entries There is no limit to the number of relay entries on an individual interface and no limit to the number of servers for a given interface UDP port pair NOTE DHCP relay cannot be enabled and disabled globally IP helper can be enabled or disabled globally Enabling IP helper enables DHCP relay Certain pre existing configurable DHCP relay options do not apply to relay of other protocols These options are unchanged You can optionally set a maximum hop count or minimum wait time using the bootpdhcprelay maxhopcount and bootpdhcprelay minwaittime commands The relay agent relays DHCP packets in both directions It relays broadcast packets from the client to one or more DHCP servers and relays packets to the client that the DHCP server unicasts back to the relay agent For other protocols the relay agent only relays broadcast packets from the client to the server Packets from the server back to the client are assumed to be unicast directly to the client Because there is no relay in the return direction for protocols other than DHC
98. g of counters Packet Flow Sampling and Counter Sampling are performed by sFlow Instances associated with individual Data Sources within an sFlow Agent Both types of samples are combined in sFlow datagrams Packet Flow Sampling creates a steady but random stream of sFlow datagrams that are sent to the sFlow Collector Counter samples may be taken opportunistically to fill these datagrams To perform Packet Flow Sampling an sFlow Sampler Instance is configured with a Sampling Rate Packet Flow sampling results in the generation of Packet Flow Records To perform Counter Sampling an sFlow Poller Instance is configured with a Polling Interval Counter Sampling results in the generation of Counter Records sFlow Agents collect Counter Records and Packet Flow Records and send them as sFlow datagrams to sFlow Collectors Packet Flow Sampling Packet Flow Sampling carried out by each sFlow instance ensures that any packet observed at a Data Source has an equal chance of being sampled irrespective of the Packet Flow s to which it belongs Packet Flow Sampling is accomplished as follows 1 A packet arrives on an interface 2 The Network Device makes a filtering decision to determine whether the packet should be dropped 3 If the packet is not filtered dropped a destination interface is assigned by the switching routing function 4 A decision is made on whether or not to sample the packet Switching Configuration 69 The mechan
99. g only in certain topologies that do not require Multicast Routing Protocols i e DVMRP PIM DM and PIM SM and have a tree like topology as there is no support for features like reverse path forwarding RPF to correct packet route loops The proxy contains many downstream interfaces and a unique upstream interface explicitly configured It performs the host side of the IGMP protocol on its upstream interface and the router side of the IGMP protocol on its downstream interfaces The IGMP proxy offers a mechanism for multicast forwarding based only on IGMP membership information The router must decide about forwarding packets on each of its interfaces based on the IGMP membership information The proxy creates the forwarding entries based on the membership information and adds it to the multicast forwarding cache MFC in order not to make the forwarding decision for subsequent multicast packets with same combination of source and group CLI Examples The CLI component of the Dell switch allows the end users to configure the network device and to view device settings and statistics using a serial interface or telnet session Example 1 Configuring IGMP Proxy on the Router This command enables the IGMP Proxy on the router To enable IGMP Proxy on the router no multicast routing protocol should be enabled and also multicast forwarding must be enabled on the router Use these commands from the Interface mode console configure ip routing ip
100. ggregation LAG to a server and to a Layer 3 switch Figure 3 3 shows the example network Figure 3 3 LAG Port channel Example Network Diagram Subnet 3 Port 1 0 8 LAG_20 Layer 2 Switch Port 1 0 9 LAG_20 Server Port 1 0 2 LAG_10 Port 1 0 3 LAG_10 Layer 3 Switch Subnet 3 Subnet 2 Port 1 g18 LAG_1 Port 1 g19 LAG_1 Port 1 g23 LAG_2 Port 1 g24 LAG_2 Switching Configuration 47 Example 1 Create Names for Two Port Channels console configure console config interface port channel 1 console config if ch1 description lag_1 console config if ch1 exit console config interface port channel 2 console config if ch2 description lag_2 console config if ch2 exit Example 2 Add the Physical Ports to the Port Channels console config interface ethernet 1 g18 console config if 1 g18 channel group 1 mode auto console config if 1 g18 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g19 console config if 1 g19 channel group 1 mode auto console config if 1 g19 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g23 console config if 1 g23 channel group 2 mode auto console config if 1 g238 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g24 console config if 1 g24 channel group 2 mode auto console config if 1 g24 exit console config exit Example 3 Show the Port Channels By default the system enables link trap notification console show interfaces port channel Channel Port
101. gure DHCP snooping database Local storage parameters console config ip dhcp snooping database local 60 Switching Configuration console config console config exit Example 6 Configure DHCP snooping database Persistency interval console config ip dhcp snooping database write delay 500 console config console config exit Example 7 Configure an interface as DHCP snooping trusted console config if 1 g1 ip dhcp snooping trust console config if 1 g1 exit Example 8 Configure rate limiting on an interface console config if 1 g1 ip dhcp snooping limit rate 50 burst interval 1 console config if 1 g1 exit Example 9 Configure a DHCP snooping static binding entry console config ip dhcp snooping binding 00 01 02 03 04 05 vlan 1 10 131 11 1 interface 1 g2 console config exit Switching Configuration 61 Example 10 Show DHCP Snooping configuration on VLANs and Ports show ip dhcp snooping binding DHCP snooping is Enabled DHCP snooping source MAC verification is enabled DHCP snooping is enabled on the following VLANs 1 Interface Trusted Log Invalid Pkts 1 g1 Yes Yes 1 g2 No No 1 g3 No No 1 g4 No No 1 g5 No No 1 g6 No No 1 g7 No No 1 g8 No No 1 g9 No No 1 g10 No No 1 g11 No No 1 g12 No No 1 g13 No No 1 g14 No No More or q uit Interface Trusted Log Invalid Pkts 62 Switching Configuration
102. he L2 header to indicate which L3 protocol is used In order to route these packets across L3 requires an infrastructure equivalent to and parallel to that provided for IPv4 NOTE The PowerConnect 6200 Series switch also implements OSPFv3 for use with IPv6 networks These configuration scenarios are included with the OSPFv2 scenarios in OSPF on page 81 Interface Configuration In PowerConnect 6200 Series software IPv6 coexists with IPv4 As with IPv4 IPv6 routing can be enabled on physical and VLAN interfaces Each L3 routing interface can be used for IPv4 IPv6 or both Neighbor discovery is the IPv6 replacement for Address Resolution Protocol ARP Router advertisement is part of the neighbor discovery process and is required for IPv6 As part of router advertisement PowerConnect 6200 Series software supports stateless auto configuration of end nodes The switch supports both EUI 64 interface identifiers and manually configured interface IDs While optional in IPv4 router advertisement is mandatory in IPv6 Router advertisements specify the network prefix es on a link which can be used by receiving hosts in conjunction with an EUI64 identifier to auto configure a host s address Routers have their network prefixes configured and may use EUI64 or manually configured interface IDs In addition to one or more global addresses each IPv6 interface also has an auto configured link local address which is 136 IPv6 Allocated fr
103. he specified Source IP address and sends these packets to the specified Destination IP address console config console config access list list1 permit tcp 192 168 77 0 0 0 0 255 192 168 77 3 0 0 0 0 Step 2 Define the Second Rule for ACL 179 Define the rule to set similar conditions for UDP traffic as for TCP traffic console config access list list1 permit udp 192 168 77 0 0 0 0 255 192 168 77 3 0 0 0 255 console config exit Step 3 Apply the Rule to Outbound Egress Traffic on Port 1 g2 Only traffic matching the criteria will be accepted console config interface ethernet 1 g2 console config if 1 g2 ip access group list1 out console config if 1 g2 exit Configuring a MAC ACL The following steps configure a MAC ACL that denies traffic with any MAC address access to hosts with a MAC address of 00 11 22 33 XX XX where XX is any hexadecimal value 1 F The log parameter specifies that the system should keep track of the number of times the rule is applied to traffic that meets the rule criteria When a frame entering the port matches the rule the rule hit counter increments Every five minutes the ACL application checks the counter If the counter indicates that the rule has been applied since the last time it was checked the ACL application logs a message indicating which rule was applied and how many times it was hit during that time period The rule is applied to interface 1 g5 in the inbound direction and has a priority
104. hows IP Helper configurations console show ip helper statistics DHCP client messages received 8 DHCP client messages relayed 2 DHCP server messages received 2 DHCP server messages relayed 2 UDP client messages received 8 UDP client messages relayed 2 DHCP message hop count exceeded max 0 DHCP message with secs field below min 0 DHCP message with giaddr set to local address 0 Packets with expired TTL 0 Packets that matched a discard entry 0 Device Security 105 5 Device Security This section describes configuration scenarios for the following features 802 1x Network Access Control on page 106 802 1X Authentication and VLANs on page 109 Authentication Server Filter Assignment on page 111 Access Control Lists ACLs on page 111 RADIUS on page 117 TACACS on page 120 802 1x MAC Authentication Bypass MAB on page 122 Captive Portal on page 125 106 Device Security 802 1x Network Access Control Port based network access control allows the operation of a system s port s to be controlled to ensure that access to its services is permitted only by systems that are authorized to do so Port Access Control provides a means of preventing unauthorized access by supplicants or us
105. icated client Waits a pre determined period of time for a response Retries resends the EAP Request packet up to three times Considers the client to be dot1x unaware client if it does not receive an EAP response packet from that client The authenticator sends a request to the authentication server with the MAC address of the client in hhhhhhhhhhhh format as the username and the MD5 hash of the Mac address as the password The authentication server checks its database for the authorized Mac addresses and returns an Access Accept or an Access Reject depending on whether the Mac address is found in the database This also allows dot1x unaware clients to be placed in a RADIUS assigned VLAN or apply a specific Filter ID to the client traffic Figure 5 5 illustrates a MAB scenario for No response from the unauthenticated client EAPOL timeout Access Accept based on MAC address found in database NOTE MAB initiates only after the dot1x guest vlan period times out If the client responds to any of the EAPOL identity requests MAB does not initiate for that client Device Security 123 Figure 5 5 MAB Operation Authentications Based on MAC Address in Database CLI Examples Example 1 Enable Disable MAB To enable disable MAB on interface 1 5 use the following commands console config if 1 g5 dot1x mac auth bypass console config if 1 g5 no dot1x mac auth bypass Client DOT 1x MAB
106. ies with the following as the fields of each column console show ip igmp proxy groups detail DVMRP The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP is one of several multicast routing protocols you can configure on the switch PIM SM and PIM DM are the others Note that only one multicast routing protocol MRP can be operational on a router at any time DVMRP is an interior gateway protocol i e it is suitable for use within an autonomous system but not between different autonomous systems DVMRP is based on RIP it forwards multicast datagrams to other routers in the AS and constructs a forwarding table based on information it learns in response More specifically it uses this sequence A new multicast packet is forwarded to the entire multicast network with respect to the time to live TTL of the packet The TTL restricts the area to be flooded by the message All routers that do not have members on directly attached subnetworks send back Prune messages to the upstream router The branches that transmit a prune message are deleted from the delivery tree The delivery tree which is spanning to all the members in the multicast group is constructed in the form of a DVMRP forwarding table Multicast 153 CLI Example The following example configures two DVMRP interfaces First this example configures an OSPF router1 and globally enables IP routing and IP multicast IGMP is globally enabled s
107. ines the IGMP packets for join and leave information For information about configuring the PowerConnect 6200 Series switch as a mutlicast router that also performs IGMP snooping see Multicast Routing and IGMP Snooping on page 157 IGMP snooping can be enabled per VLAN The IGMP feature on the PowerConnect 6200 Series switches uses IGMPv3 by default CLI Examples In this example the PowerConnect 6200 Series switch is a L2 switch with one non default VLAN VLAN 100 The three hosts are connected to ports that are members of VLAN 100 and IGMP snooping is enabled on VLAN 100 Port 1 g20 connects the switch to the L3 multicast router and is also a member of VLAN 100 Figure 3 2 Switch with IGMP Snooping 1 g5 1 g20 Host A Multicast Router Video Server PowerConnect Switch 1 g10 1 g15 Host B Host C Switching Configuration 41 1 Create VLAN 100 console configure console config vlan database console config vlan vlan 100 2 Enable IGMP snooping on the VLAN console config vlan ip igmp snooping 100 console config vlan exit 3 Forbid the forwarding of unregistered multicast addresses on VLAN 100 to prevent multicast flooding to ports if there are no listeners console config interface vlan 100 console config if vlan100 bridge multicast forbidden forward unregistered console config if vlan100 exit 4 Globally enable IGMP on the switch console config ip igmp snoo
108. ing feature must be enabled for the IGMP snooping querier function to operate 44 Switching Configuration Example 2 Configure IGMP Snooping Querier Properties The first command in this example sets the IGMP Querier Query Interval time to 100 This means that the switch waits 100 seconds before sending another general query The second command sets the IGMP Querier timer expiration period to 100 This means that the switch remains in Non Querier mode for 100 seconds after it has discovered that there is a Multicast Querier in the network console config ip igmp snooping querier query interval 100 console config ip igmp snooping querier timer expiry 100 Example 3 Show IGMP Snooping Querier Information console show ip igmp snooping querier Global IGMP Snooping querier status IGMP Snooping Querier Mode Enable Querier Address 10 10 10 33 IGMP Version 2 Querier Query Interval 100 Querier Expiry Interval 100 Example 4 Enable IGMP Snooping Querier on a VLAN To configure IGMP Snooping Querier on a VLAN enter VLAN Database mode The first ip igmp snooping command in this example enables the IGMP snooping querier on VLAN 10 The second ip igmp snooping command specifies the IP address that the snooping querier switch should use as source address when gen
109. ires DHCP to be enabled by default NOTE The downloaded configuration file is not automatically saved to startup config An administrator must explicitly issue a save request in order to save the configuration The Auto Config process depends upon the configuration of other devices in the network including DHCP or BOOTP server TFTP server DNS server if necessary IP Address Assignment If BOOTP or DHCP is enabled on the switch and an IP address has not been assigned the switch issues requests for an IP address assignment The behavior of BOOTP or DHCP with respect to IP address assignment is unchanged by the addition of the Auto Config feature That is the following information returned from the server is recognized IP address yiaddr and subnet mask option 1 to be assigned to the switch IP address of a default gateway option 3 if needed for IP communication After an IP address is assigned to the switch if a hostname is not already assigned Auto Config issues a DNS request for the corresponding hostname This hostname is also displayed as the CLI prompt as in response to the hostname command Assignment of TFTP Server The following information is also processed and may be returned by a BOOTP or DHCP server Name of configuration file bootfile or option 67 available for download from the TFTP server Identification of the TFTP server providing the bootfile This can be obtaine
110. ism involves a counter that is decremented with each packet When the counter reaches zero a sample is taken 5 When a sample is taken the counter indicating how many packets to skip before taking the next sample is reset The value of the counter is set to a random integer where the sequence of random integers used over time is the Sampling Rate Counter Sampling The primary objective of Counter Sampling is to efficiently periodically export counters associated with Data Sources A maximum Sampling Interval is assigned to each sFlow instance associated with a Data Source Counter Sampling is accomplished as follows sFlow Agents keep a list of counter sources being sampled When a Packet Flow Sample is generated the sFlow Agent examines the list and adds counters to the sample datagram least recently sampled first Counters are only added to the datagram if the sources are within a short period 5 seconds say of failing to meet the required Sampling Interval Periodically say every second the sFlow Agent examines the list of counter sources and sends any counters that must be sent to meet the sampling interval requirement The set of counters is a fixed set CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used for sFlow Example 1 Configure destination IP address and maxdatagram size for an sFlow receiver index console config sflow 1 destination 30 30 30 1 560 Example 2 Configure sFlow on an E
111. ith a DSCP value of EF In each case the matching packets are assigned internally to use queue 6 of the egress port to which they are forwarded policy map pol_voip in class class_ef assign queue 5 exit class class_voip mark ip dscp ef assign queue 5 exit exit Attach the defined policy to an inbound service interface interface ethernet 1 g1 service policy in pol_voip exit exit Multicast 149 8 Multicast This section provides configuration scenarios for the following features IGMP Configuration on page 150 IGMP Proxy on page 151 DVMRP on page 152 PIM on page 154 Multicast Routing and IGMP Snooping on page 157 Overview IP Multicasting enables a network host or multiple hosts to send an IP datagram to multiple destinations simultaneously The initiating host sends each multicast datagram only once to a destination multicast group address and multicast routers forward the datagram only to hosts who are members of the multicast group Multicast enables efficient use of network bandwidth as each multicast datagram needs to be transmitted only once on each network link regardless of the number of destination hosts Multicasting contrasts with IP unicasting which sends a separate datagram to each recipient host Hosts must have a way to identify their interest in joining any particular multicast group and routers must have a way to collect and maintain group memberships these
112. k called a port channel All of the physical links in a given port channel must operate in full duplex mode at the same speed You can use the feature to directly connect two switches when the traffic between them requires high bandwidth and reliability or to provide a higher bandwidth connection to a public network You can configure the port channels as either dynamic or static Dynamic configuration uses the IEEE 802 3ad standard which provides for the periodic exchanges of LACPDUs Static configuration is used when connecting the switch to an external switch that does not support the exchange of LACPDUs The feature offers the following benefits Increased reliability and availability If one of the physical links in the port channel goes down traffic is dynamically and transparently reassigned to one of the other physical links Increased bandwidth The aggregated physical links deliver higher bandwidth than each individual link Incremental increase in bandwidth A physical upgrade could produce a 10 times increase in bandwidth LAG produces a two or five times increase useful if only a small increase is needed Management functions treat a port channel as if it were a single physical port You can include a port channel in a VLAN You can configure more than one port channel for a given switch 46 Switching Configuration CLI Example The following shows an example of configuring the software to support Link A
113. ke effect upon a reboot unless an administrator opts to save config the saved configuration takes effect upon reboot If the user does not opt to save config the Auto Config process occurs again on a subsequent reboot This may result in one of the previously downloaded files being overwritten Restarting the Auto Config Process The Auto Config process is automatically started on a subsequent reboot if the configuration file is not found on the switch This can occur if configuration has not been saved on the switch or after the administrator issues a command to erase the configuration file During a session the Auto Config process may be restarted if the administrator has previously stopped the Auto Config process This action re initiates the process for this login session only It is recommended that this action be performed only when the administrator is certain that configuration is clear in order to have predictable results Reinitialization of the switch after a clear config automatically activates the Auto Config process if there is no configuration file stored on the switch Switch Configuration Considerations BOOTP or DHCP must be enabled on the switch in order for the Auto Config procedure to operate Network Configuration Considerations Specifying a Default Router Some network configurations require the specification of a default gateway through which some IP communication can occur The default gateway is specified by
114. last query data for each VLAN IPv6 NDP Neighbor cache entries iSCSI Connections LLDP List of interfaces with MED devices attached OSPFv2 Neighbors and designated routers OSPFv3 Neighbors and designated routers Route Table Manager IPv4 and IPv6 dynamic routes SIM The system s MAC addresses System up time IP address network mask default gateway on each management interface DHCPv6 acquired IPv6 address Voice VLAN VoIP phones identified by CDP or DHCP not LLDP 170 Utility Switch Stack MAC Addressing and Stack Design Considerations The switch stack uses the MAC addresses1 assigned to the management unit If the backup unit assumes control due to a management unit failure or warm restart the backup unit continues to use the original management unit s MAC addresses This reduces the amount of disruption to the network because ARP and other L2 entries in neighbor tables remain valid after the failover to the backup unit Stack units should always be connected with a ring topology or other biconnected topology so that the loss of a single stack link does not divide the stack into multiple stacks If a stack is partitioned such that some units lose all connectivity to other units then both parts of the stack start using the same MAC addresses This can cause severe problems in the network If you move the management unit of stack to a different place in the network make sure you power down the whole stack before y
115. le 1 Enable Routing for the Switch The following sequence enables routing for the switch console config ip routing exit Example 2 Enable Routing for Ports The following command sequence enables routing and assigns IP addresses for VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 console config interface vlan 2 routing ip address 192 150 2 2 255 255 255 0 exit interface vlan 3 routing ip address 192 130 3 1 255 255 255 0 exit exit Subnet 3 Subnet 5 Subnet 2 Port 1 0 2 192 150 2 2 Port 1 0 3 192 130 3 1 Port 1 0 5 192 64 4 1 Layer 3 Switch acting as a router VLAN 3 192 130 3 1 VLAN 2 192 150 2 2 VLAN 5 192 64 4 1 94 Routing Configuration Example 3 Enable RIP for the Switch The next sequence enables RIP for the switch The route preference defaults to 15 console config router rip enable exit exit Example 4 Enable RIP for the VLAN Routing Interfaces This command sequence enables RIP for VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 Authentication defaults to none and no default route entry is created The commands specify that both interfaces receive both RIP 1 and RIP 2 frames but send only RIP 2 formatted frames console config interface vlan 2 ip rip ip rip receive version both ip rip send version rip2 exit interface vlan 3 ip rip ip rip receive version both ip rip send version rip2 exit exit Using the Web Interface to Configure RIP Use the following screens to perform the same configuration using the Graphical User
116. logged Auto Config component initiating a request for a hostname IP addresses and resolved hostnames are logged Auto Config component initiating a TFTP request for a lt hostname gt cfg file receiving the file or timing out of that request Filenames server IP addresses and hostnames are logged Applying a config script Failure of the CLI scripting utility to apply a config file SIM The SIM stores the hostname of the switch After the DNS client resolves the hostname it configures the SIM with the hostname The Auto Config component queries the SIM to obtain the hostname The hostname is used for lt hostname gt cfg file request from TFTP This hostname is also displayed as the CLI prompt Utility 167 TFTP Client The TFTP client downloads configuration files and sends TFTP requests to the broadcast IP address 255 255 255 255 DNS Client The DNS client resolves an IP address to a hostname and resolves a hostname to an IP address reverse IP address to hostname mapping BOOTP DHCP Client The DHCP and BOOTP clients handle predefined IP address configuration The DHCPINFORM message type is sent to request Auto Config boot options Stacking The downloaded configuration file is not distributed across a stack When an administrator saves configuration the config file is distributed across a stack CLI Examples Example 1 Show Auto Config Process To display the current status of th
117. mic VLAN is specified in RFC 3580 The VLAN attributes defined in RFC3580 are as follows Tunnel Type VLAN 13 Tunnel Medium Type 802 Tunnel Private Group ID VLANID VLANID is 12 bits and has a value between 1 and 4093 Guest VLAN The Guest VLAN feature allows a switch to provide a distinguished service to unauthenticated users This feature provides a mechanism to allow visitors and contractors to have network access to reach external network with no ability to browse information on the internal LAN In port based 802 1X mode when a client that does not support 802 1X is connected to an unauthorized port that is 802 1X enabled the client does not respond to the 802 1X requests from the switch Therefore the port remains in the unauthorized state and the client is not granted access to the network If a guest VLAN is configured for that port then the port is placed in the configured guest 110 Device Security VLAN and the port is moved to the authorized state allowing access to the client However if the port is in MAC based 802 1X authentication mode it will not move to the authorized state MAC based mode makes it possible for both authenticated and guest clients to use the same port at the same time Client devices that are 802 1X supplicant enabled authenticate with the switch when they are plugged into the 802 1X enabled switch port The switch verifies the credentials of the client by communicating with a
118. ministrators of large accessible networks To accomplish the authentication in a secure manner the RADIUS client and RADIUS server must both be configured with the same shared password or secret This secret is used to generate one way encrypted authenticators that are present in all RADIUS packets The secret is never transmitted over the network RADIUS conforms to a secure communications client server model using UDP as a transport protocol It is extremely flexible supporting a variety of methods to authenticate and statistically track users RADIUS is also extensible allowing for new methods of authentication to be added without disrupting existing functionality As a user attempts to connect to a functioning RADIUS supported network a device referred to as the Network Access Server NAS or switch router first detects the contact The NAS or user login interface then prompts the user for a name and password The NAS encrypts the supplied information and a RADIUS client transports the request to a pre configured RADIUS server The server can authenticate the user itself or make use of a back end device to ascertain authenticity In either case a response may or may not be forthcoming to the client If the server accepts the user it returns a positive result with 118 Device Security attributes containing configuration information If the server rejects the user it returns a negative result If the server rejects the client
119. n authentication server If the credentials are verified the authentication server informs the switch to unblock the switch port and allows the client unrestricted access to the network i e the client is a member of an internal VLAN Beginning with software release 2 1 Guest VLAN Supplicant mode is configured on a per port basis If a client does not attempt authentication on a port and the port is configured for Guest VLAN the client is assigned to the guest VLAN configured on that port The port is assigned a Guest VLAN ID and is moved to the authorized status Disabling the supplicant mode does not clear the ports that are already authorized and assigned Guest VLAN IDs CLI Examples The following examples show how to configure the switch to accept RADIUS assigned VLANs and Guest VLANs The examples assume that the RADIUS server and VLAN information has already been configured on the switch For information on configuring VLANs see Virtual LANs on page 29 Example 1 Allow the Switch to Accept RADIUS Assigned VLANs The RADIUS server can place a port in a particular VLAN based on the result of the authentication The command in this example allows the switch to accept VLAN assignment by the RADIUS server NOTE The feature is available in release 2 1 and later console config console config aaa authorization network default radius Example 2 Enable Guest VLANs This example shows how to set the guest VLAN on interface 1 g20
120. n the result of type of 802 1X authentication a client uses when it accesses the switch The RADIUS server or IEEE 802 1X Authenticator can provide information to the switch about which VLAN to assign the host supplicant When a host connects to a switch that uses a RADIUS server or 802 1X Authenticator to authenticate the host the host authentication can typically have one of three outcomes The host is authenticated The host attempts to authenticate but fail because it lacks certain security credentials The host is a guest and does not try to authenticate at all You can create three separate VLANs on the switch to handle hosts depending on whether the host authenticates fails the authentication or is a guest The RADIUS server informs the switch of the selected VLAN as part of the authentication Authenticated and Unauthenticated VLANs Hosts that authenticate normally use a VLAN that includes access to network resources Hosts that fail the authentication might be denied access to the network or placed on a quarantine VLAN with limited network access Much of the configuration to assign hosts to a particular VLAN takes place on the RADIUS server or 802 1X authenticator If you use an external RADIUS server to manage VLANs you configure the server to use Tunnel attributes in Access Accept messages in order to inform the switch about the selected VLAN These attributes are defined in RFC 2868 and their use for dyna
121. nd D You ve configured port 1 g10 to trust the 802 1p field of the packet which serves to direct packets A B and D to their respective queues on the egress port These three packets utilize port 1 g10 s 802 1p to COS Mapping Table In this case the 802 1p user priority 3 was set up to send the packet to queue 5 instead of the default queue 3 Since packet C does not contain a VLAN tag the 802 1p user priority does not exist so Port 1 g10 relies on its default port priority 2 to direct packet C to egress queue 1 Quality of Service 141 Figure 7 1 CoS Mapping and Queue Configuration Continuing this example you configured the egress Port 1 g8 for strict priority on queue 6 and a set a weighted scheduling scheme for queues 5 0 Assuming queue 5 has a higher weighting than queue 1 relative weight values shown as a percentage with 0 indicating the bandwidth is not guaranteed the queue service order is 6 followed by 5 followed by 1 Assuming each queue unloads all packets shown in the diagram the packet transmission order as seen on the network leading out of Port 1 g8 is B A D C Thus packet B with its higher user precedence than the others is able to work its way through the device with minimal delay and is transmitted ahead of the other packets at the egress port UserPri 3 packet A UserPri 7 packet B untagged packet C UserPri 6 packet D Port 1 0 10 mode trust dot1p 0 2 1 0 2 1 3 5
122. nd egress ACLs Maximum of 100 ACLs Maximum rules per ACL is 127 You can configure mirror or redirect attributes for a given ACL rule but not both The PowerConnect 6200 Series switch supports a limited number of counter resources so it may not be possible to log every ACL rule You can define an ACL with any number of logging rules but the number of rules that are actually logged cannot be determined until the ACL is applied to an interface Furthermore hardware counters that become available after an ACL is applied are not retroactively assigned to rules that were unable to be logged the ACL must be un applied then re applied Rules that are unable to be logged are still active in the ACL for purposes of permitting or denying a matching packet The order of the rules is important when a packet matches multiple rules the first rule takes precedence Also once you define an ACL for a given port all traffic not specifically permitted by the ACL is denied access NOTE Although the maximum number of ACLs is 100 and the maximum number of rules per ACL is 127 the system cannot support 100 ACLs that each have 127 rules Device Security 113 Egress ACL Limitations Egress ACLs have some additional limitations The following limitations apply to egress ACLs only Egress ACLs support IP Protocol Destination IP Address Source Destination L4 Source Destination port IP DSCP IP ToS and IP precedence m
123. nfiguring Stub and NSSA Areas In this example Area 0 connects directly to two other areas Area 1 is defined as a stub area and Area 2 is defined as an NSSA area NOTE OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 can operate concurrently on a network and on the same interfaces although they do not interact This example configures both protocols simultaneously Figure 4 4 illustrates this example OSPF configuration config interface vlan 70 ip ospf area 0 0 0 0 ip ospf priority 128 ip ospf cost 32 exit interface vlan 80 ip ospf area 0 0 0 2 ip ospf priority 255 ip ospf cost 64 exit interface vlan 90 ip ospf area 0 0 0 2 ip ospf priority 255 ip ospf cost 64 exit exit config interface vlan 70 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 0 0 0 0 ipv6 ospf priority 128 ipv6 ospf cost 32 exit interface vlan 80 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 0 0 0 2 ipv6 ospf priority 255 ipv6 ospf cost 64 exit interface vlan 90 ipv6 ospf ipv6 ospf areaid 0 0 0 2 ipv6 ospf priority 255 ipv6 ospf cost 64 exit exit IPv4 OSPFv2 IPv6 OSPFv3 86 Routing Configuration Figure 4 4 OSPF Configuration Stub Area and NSSA Area Configure Router A Router A is a backbone router It links to an ASBR not defined here that routes traffic outside the AS Globally enable IPv6 and IPv4 routing console configure ipv6 unicast routing ip routing Configure IP address and enable OSPF on VLAN routing interfaces 6 and 12 and enable IPv6 OSPF on the interfa
124. nooping DHCP snooping only accepts DHCP server messages on ports configured as trusted ports DHCP snooping listens to DHCP messages to build a bindings database that lists the IP address the DHCP server has assigned to each host IP Source Guard IPSG uses the bindings database to filter data traffic in hardware based on source IP address and source MAC address Dynamic ARP Inspection DAI uses the bindings database to verify that ARP messages contain a valid sender IP address and sender MAC address DHCP snooping checkpoints its bindings database LAG Phone A Phone B Utility 173 Figure 9 3 NSF and DHCP Snooping If the management unit fails all hosts connected to that unit lose network access until that unit reboots The hardware on surviving units continues to enforce source filters IPSG installed prior to the failover Valid hosts continue to communicate normally During the failover the hardware continues to drop data packets from unauthorized hosts so that security is not compromised If a host is in the middle of an exchange with the DHCP server when the failover occurs the exchange is interrupted while the control plane restarts When DHCP snooping is enabled the hardware traps all DHCP packets to the CPU The control plane drops these packets during the restart The DHCP client and server retransmit their DHCP messages until the control plane has resumed operation and messages get through Thus DHCP snooping does not miss an
125. o all supporting destinations snmp SNMP Set Command Logging Configuration web session Web Session Logging Configuration lt ip address hostname gt Configure syslog server IP address or Hostname up to 63 characters in length console config logging 192 168 10 65 console Config logging description Specify syslog server description exit To exit from the mode level Specify logging level port Specify UDP port default is 514 console Config logging level 22 System Configuration alert Immediate action needed critical Critical conditions debug Debugging messages emergency System is unusable error Error conditions info Informational messages notice Normal but significant conditions warning Warning conditions console Config logging level critical Port Description The Port Description feature lets you specify an alphanumeric interface identifier that can be used for SNMP network management CLI Example Use the commands shown below for the Port Description feature Example 1 Enter a Description for a Port This example specifies the name Test for port 1 g17 console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g17 console config if 1 g17 description Test console config if 1 g17 exit console config exit Example 2 Show the Port Description console show interfaces description ethernet 1 g17 Port Description 1 g17 Test System
126. o execute the command console config sntp server 192 168 10 25 System Configuration 19 Example 3 Viewing SNTP Information console show sntp configuration Show the configuration of the Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP status To show the status of the Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP console show sntp configuration Polling interval 64 seconds MD5 Authentication keys Authentication is not required for synchronization Trusted keys No trusted keys Unicast clients Enable Unicast servers Server Key Polling Priority 192 168 0 1 Disabled Enabled 1 console show sntp status Unicast servers Server Status Last response 192 168 10 25 Unknown 00 00 00 Jan 1 1970 20 System Configuration Syslog Overview Syslog Allows you to store system messages and or errors Can store to local files on the switch or a remote server running a syslog daemon Provides a method of collecting message logs from many systems Interpreting Log Files Figure 2 1 describes the information that displays in log messages Figure 2 1 Log Files Key CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used in the Syslog feature Example 1 Viewing Logging Information console show logging Logging is enabled Console Logging level warning Console Messages 230 Dropped Buffer Logging level info Buffer Mes
127. o that this router can manage group membership information for its directly connected hosts IGMP may not be required when there are no directly connected hosts Next DVMRP is globally enabled Finally DVMRP IGMP and OSPF are enabled on several interfaces console configure router ospf router id 3 3 1 1 exit ip routing ip multicast ip igmp ip dvmrp interface vlan 15 routing ip address 3 3 3 1 255 255 255 0 ip dvmrp ip igmp ip ospf area 0 exit interface vlan 30 routing ip address 1 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ip dvmrp ip igmp ip ospf area 0 exit exit 1 OSPF configuration is added as a unicast protocol for illustration purposes static unicast routing could also be configured 154 Multicast PIM Protocol Independent Multicast PIM is a standard multicast routing protocol that provides scalable inter domain multicast routing across the Internet independent of the mechanisms provided by any particular unicast routing protocol PIM has two types PIM Dense Mode PIM DM PIM Sparse Mode PIM SM PIM SM PIM SM is used to efficiently route multicast traffic to multicast groups that may span wide area networks where bandwidth is a constraint PIM SM uses shared trees by default and implements source based trees for efficiency it assumes that no hosts want the multicast traffic unless they specifically ask for it It creates a shared distribution tree centered on a defined rendezvous point RP from which source
128. om part of the IPv6 unicast address space Not visible off the local link Not globally unique Next hop addresses computed by routing protocols are usually link local During a transition period a global IPv6 Internet backbone may not be available The solution of this is to tunnel IPv6 packets inside IPv4 to reach remote IPv6 islands When a packet is sent over such a link it is encapsulated in IPv4 in order to traverse an IPv4 network and has the IPv4 headers removed at the other end of the tunnel CLI Example In Figure 6 1 two devices are connected as shown in the diagram The VLAN 15 routing interface on both devices connects to an IPv4 backbone network where OSPF is used as the dynamic routing protocol to exchange IPv4 routes OSPF allows device 1 and device 2 to learn routes to each other from the 20 20 20 x network to the 10 10 10 x network and vice versa The VLAN 2 routing interface on both devices connects to the local IPv6 network OSPFv3 is used to exchange IPv6 routes between the two devices The tunnel interface allows data to be transported between the two remote IPv6 networks over the IPv4 network Figure 6 1 IPv6 Example Device 1 console config ip routing ipv6 unicast routing router ospf router id 1 1 1 1 exit ipv6 router ospf router id 1 1 1 1 exit interface vlan 15 routing ip address 20 20 20 1 255 255 255 0 VLAN 2 VLAN 15 VLAN 2 VLAN 15 Network IPv6 137 ip ospf area 0 0
129. on Additional HTTP Port To configure an additional HTTP port for Captive Portal to monitor use the following command Captive Portal configuration mode console config CP http port 81 Example 4 Configure Captive Portal Authentication Timeout To configure the Captive Portal authentication timeout 600 seconds use the following command Captive Portal configuration mode console config CP authentication timeout 600 Example 5 Show Captive Portal To show the status of Captive Portal use the following command 130 Device Security console show captive portal Administrative Mode Enabled Operational Status Enabled Disable Reason Administrator Disabled Captive Portal IP Address 1 2 3 4 Example 6 Show Captive Portal Instances To show the status of all Captive Portal instances in the system use the following command console show captive portal status Additional HTTP Port 81 Additional HTTP Secure Port 0 Peer Switch Statistics Reporting Interval 300 Authentication Timeout 600 Supported Captive Portals 10 Configured Captive Portals 2 Active Captive Portals 1 System Supported Users 1024 Local Supported Users 128 A
130. onfigure the switch as shown in the diagram Figure 3 1 VLAN Example Network Diagram Port 1 0 1 VLAN 2 Port 1 0 2 VLANs 2 amp 3 Port 1 0 3 VLAN 3 Port 1 0 4 VLAN 3 Layer 3 Switch VLAN 2 VLAN 3 Port 1 g17 VLAN 2 Port 1 g20 VLAN 3 Port 1 g19 VLAN 3 Port 1 g18 VLANs 2 amp 3 Switching Configuration 31 CLI Examples The following examples show how to create VLANs assign ports to the VLANs and assign a VLAN as the default VLAN to a port Example 1 Create Two VLANs Use the following commands to create two VLANs and to assign the VLAN IDs while leaving the names blank console config vlan database console config vlan vlan 2 console config vlan vlan 3 console config vlan exit Example 2 Assign Ports to VLAN2 This sequence shows how to assign ports to VLAN2 specify that frames will always be transmitted tagged from all member ports and that untagged frames will be rejected on receipt console config interface ethernet 1 g17 console config if 1 g17 switchport mode general console config if 1 g17 switchport general allowed vlan add 2 console config if 1 g17 switchport general acceptable frame type tagged only console config if 1 g17 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g18 console config if 1 g18 switchport mode general console config if 1 g18 switchport general allowed vlan add 2 console config if 1 g18 switchport general acceptable frame type tagged
131. only console config if 1 g18 exit 32 Switching Configuration Example 3 Assign Ports to VLAN3 This example shows how to assign the ports that will belong to VLAN 3 Untagged frames will be accepted on ports 1 g19 and 1 g20 Note that port 1 g18 belongs to both VLANs and that port 1 g17 can never belong to VLAN 3 console config interface ethernet 1 g18 cconsole config if 1 g18 switchport general allowed vlan add 3 console config if 1 g18 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g19 console config if 1 g19 switchport general allowed vlan add 3 console config if 1 g19 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g20 console config if 1 g20 switchport general allowed vlan add 3 Example 4 Assign VLAN3 as the Default VLAN This example shows how to assign VLAN 3 as the default VLAN for port 1 g18 console config interface ethernet 1 g18 console config if 1 g18 switchport general pvid 3 Example 5 Assign IP Addresses to VLAN 2 In order for the VLAN to function as a routing interface you must enable routing on the VLAN and on the switch Routing is only permitted on VLAN interfaces Routing on physical interfaces is not supported console configure console config interface vlan 2 console config if vlan2 ip address 192 168 10 33 255 255 255 0 console config if vlan2 routing console config if vlan2 exit console config ip routing Switching Configuration 33 Example 6 View Information
132. orts cannot forward traffic to other protected ports in the same group even if they have the same VLAN membership Protected ports can forward traffic to unprotected ports Unprotected ports can forward traffic to both protected and unprotected ports You can also configure groups of protected ports but unprotected ports are independent and cannot be added to a group Each group s configuration consists of a name and a mask of ports A port can belong to only one set of protected ports but an unprotected port can be added to a group as a protected port The group name is configurable by the network administrator Use the switchport protected command to designate a port as protected Use the show switchport protected command to display a listing of the protected ports 36 Switching Configuration CLI Example Example 1 Configuring a Protected Port The commands in this example name the protected port group 1 PP_Test and assign ports 1 and 2 to the group console config switchport protected 1 name PP_Test console config interface ethernet 1 g17 console config if 1 g17 switchport protected 1 console config if 1 g17 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g18 console config if 1 g18 switchport protected 1 console config if 1 g18 exit console config exit Example 2 Viewing Protected Port Group 1 console show switchport protected 1 Name PP_Test 1 g17
133. ou redeploy the management unit so that the stack members do not continue to use the MAC address of the redeployed switch NSF Network Design Considerations You can design your network to take maximum advantage of NSF For example by distributing a LAG s member ports across multiple units the stack can quickly switch traffic from a port on a failed unit to a port on a surviving unit When a unit fails the forwarding plane of surviving units removes LAG members on the failed unit so that it only forwards traffic onto LAG members that remain up If a LAG is left with no active members the LAG goes down To prevent a LAG from going down configure LAGs with members on multiple units within the stack when possible If a stack unit fails the system can continue to forward on the remaining members of the stack If your switch stack performs VLAN routing another way to take advantage of NSF is to configure multiple best paths to the same destination on different stack members If a unit fails the forwarding plane removes Equal Cost Multipath ECMP next hops on the failed unit from all unicast forwarding table entries If the cleanup leaves a route without any next hops the route is deleted The forwarding plane only selects ECMP next hops on surviving units For this reason try to distribute links providing ECMP paths across multiple stack units NSF Default Behavior NSF is enabled by default You can disable NSF in order to redirect the CPU r
134. outed traffic a single point of failure is introduced into the network If the router goes down the end station is unable to communicate Since static configuration is a convenient way to assign router addresses Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol VRRP was developed to provide a backup mechanism VRRP eliminates the single point of failure associated with static default routes by enabling a backup router to take over from a master router without affecting the end stations using the route The end stations will use a virtual IP address that is recognized by the backup router if the master router fails Participating routers use an election protocol to determine which router is the master router at any given time A given VLAN routing interface may appear as more than one virtual router to the network Also more than one VLAN routing interface on a switch may participate in a virtual router CLI Examples This example shows how to configure the switch to support VRRP Router 1 is the default master router for the virtual route and Router 2 is the backup router NOTE The VRRP IP address on a routing interface must belong to the same subnet primary or secondary as the IP address primary or secondary configured on that routing interface otherwise an error message displays and the VRRP IP configuration fails The master and backup VLAN routing interfaces must be in the same subnet and be members of the same VLAN Figure 4 2 VRRP Example Netwo
135. outes typically send traffic outside the AS Therefore routes from a stub area to locations outside the AS use the default gateway A virtual link cannot be configured across a stub area A Not So Stubby Area can import limited external routes only from a connected ASBR OSPF Routers and LSAs OSPF routers keep track of the state of the various links they send data to Routers share OSPF link state advertisements LSAs with other routers Various LSA types provide detailed information on a link for sharing within an area or summary information for sharing outside an area External LSAs provide information on static routes or routes learned from other routing protocols OSPF defines various router types Backbone routers have an interface in Area 0 They condense and summarize information about all the areas in the AS and advertise this information on the backbone Area border routers ABRs connect areas to the OSPF backbone in the case of virtual links the an ABR may connect to another ABR that provides a direct connection to Area 0 An ABR is a member of each area it connects to Internal routers IRs route traffic within an area When two routers in an area discover each other through OSPF Hello messages they are called OSPF neighbors Neighbors share detailed information on the topology of the area using local LSAs Autonomous system boundary routers ASBRs connect to other ASes ASBRs use other protocols such as
136. p pimsm NOTE This router should be an RP ip pimsm rp address 1 1 1 1 224 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 interface vlan 15 routing ip address 3 3 3 1 255 255 255 0 ip pimsm ip igmp ip ospf area 0 exit interface vlan 30 routing ip address 1 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ip pimsm ip igmp ip ospf area 0 exit exit PIM DM PIM DM protocol is a simple protocol independent multicast routing protocol It uses existing unicast routing table and join prune graft mechanism to build a tree PIM DM creates source based shortest path distribution trees making use of Reverse Path Forwarding RPF PIM DM cannot be used to build a shared distribution tree as PIM SM can PIM DM assumes that when a sender starts sending data all downstream routers and hosts want to receive a multicast datagram PIM DM initially floods multicast traffic throughout the network Routers that do not have any downstream neighbors send back Prune messages that instruct the upstream router to remove that multicast route from its forwarding table In addition to the Prune messages PIM DM makes use of two more messages Graft and Assert Graft messages are used whenever a new host wants to join the group Assert messages are used to shut off duplicate flows onto the same multi access network 1 OSPF configuration is added as a unicast protocol for illustration purposes static unicast routing could also be configured To minimize the repeated flooding of datagrams and subsequent pruning associat
137. ped except for the ARP DHCP DNS and NETBIOS packets These packets forwarded by the switch so that the unauthenticated clients can get an IP address resolve the hostname or domain names Data traffic from authenticated clients is forwarded normally All HTTP HTTPS packets from unauthenticated clients are directed to the CPU on the switch for the ports that are enabled for Captive Portal When an unauthenticated client opens a web browser and tries to connect to network the Captive Portal redirects all the HTTP HTTPS traffic from unauthenticated clients to the authenticating server on the switch A Captive portal web page is sent back to the unauthenticated client and the client can authenticate and gain access to the port The Captive Portal feature can be enabled on all physical ports on the switch It is not supported for VLAN interfaces loopback interfaces or logical interfaces The Captive Portal feature performs Mac based authentication not port based authentication All clients connected to the captive portal interface must be authenticated before accessing the network There are three states for clients connecting to the Captive Portal interface Unknown State Unauthenticated State Authenticated State 126 Device Security In the unknown state the CP doesn t redirect HTTP S traffic to the switch but queries the switch to determine whether the client is authenticated or unauthenticated In the Unauthenticat
138. ping 5 Configure port 1 g5 as a member of VLAN 100 console config interface ethernet 1 g5 console config if 1 g5 switchport access vlan 100 console config if 1 g5 exit 6 Configure port 1 g10 as a member of VLAN 100 console config interface ethernet 1 g10 console config if 1 g10 switchport access vlan 100 console config if 1 g10 exit 7 Configure port 1 g15 as a member of VLAN 100 console config interface ethernet 1 g15 console config if 1 g15 switchport access vlan 100 console config if 1 g15 exit 8 Configure port 1 g20 as a member of VLAN 100 console config interface ethernet 1 g20 console config if 1 g20 switchport access vlan 100 console config if 1 g20 exit 42 Switching Configuration 9 View information about the IGMP snooping configuration console show ip igmp snooping Admin Mode Enable Multicast Control Frame Count 0 Interfaces Enabled for IGMP Snooping None Vlans enabled for IGMP snooping 100 In this example Host A sends a join message for group 225 1 1 1 Host B sends a join message for group 225 1 1 2 Because IGMP snooping is enabled on the switch and on VLAN 100 the switch listens to the messages and dynamically adds ports 1 g5 and 1 g10 to the multicast address table Port 1 g15 did not send a join message so it does not appear in the table as the following show command indicates
139. ply abc scr Are you sure you want to apply the configuration script y n y ip address dhcp username admin password 16d7a4fca7442dda3ad93c9a726597e4 level 15 encrypted exit Configuration script abc scr applied Outbound Telnet Overview Outbound telnet Establishes an outbound telnet connection between a device and a remote host When a telnet connection is initiated each side of the connection is assumed to originate and terminate at a Network Virtual Terminal NVT Server and user hosts do not maintain information about the characteristics of each other s terminals and terminal handling conventions Must use a valid IP address System Configuration 17 CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used in the outbound telnet feature Example 1 Connecting to Another System by Using Telnet console telnet 192 168 77 151 Trying 192 168 77 151 console User admin Password Dell PC62XX Routing gt enable Password console show ip interface Management Interface IP Address 10 27 65 89 Subnet Mask 255 255 254 0 Default Gateway 10 27 64 1 Burned In MAC Address 00FF F2A3 6688 Network Configuration Protocol Current DHCP Management VLAN ID 4086 Routing Interfaces Netdir Multi Interface IP Address IP
140. pplicant is able to access network resources console config radius server host 10 10 10 10 console Config radius exit console config radius server key secret console config exit console show radius servers IP address Type Port TimeOut Retran DeadTime Source IP Prio Usage 10 27 5 157 Auth 1812 Global Global Global 10 27 65 13 0 all Global values Configured Authentication Servers 1 Configured Accounting Servers 0 Named Authentication Server Groups 1 Named Accounting Server Groups 0 Timeout 3 Retransmit 3 Deadtime 0 Source IP 0 0 0 0 RADIUS Attribute 4 Mode Disable RADIUS Attribute 4 Value 0 0 0 0 console config aaa authentication login radiusList radius console config aaa authentication dot1x default radius console config dot1x system auth control console config interface ethernet 1 g1 console config if 1 g1 dot1x port control force authorized console config if 1 g1 exit 108 Device Security Example 2 MAC Based Authentication Mode The PowerConnect 6200 Series switches support MAC based 802 1X authentication This feature allows multiple hosts to authenticate on a single port The hosts are distinguished by their MAC addresses When multiple hosts for example a PC a printer and a phone in the same office are connected to the switch on the same port each of the connected hosts authenticates separately with the RAD
141. quests to join or leave multicast groups so that they receive or discontinue receiving packets sent to those groups In IPv4 multicast networks multicast routers are configured with IGMP so that they can receive join and leave request from directly connected hosts They use this information to build a multicast forwarding table IPv6 multicast routers use the MLD protocol to perform the functions that IGMP performs in IPv4 networks CLI Example The following example configures IGMP on a PowerConnect 6200 Series switch in order to route multicast traffic between VLANs IP routing IP multicasting and IGMP are globally enabled on the router Then IGMP is configured on the selected interface s console configure ip routing ip multicast ip igmp interface vlan 2 routing ip address 3 3 3 1 255 255 255 0 ip igmp exit exit A multicast router must also have a way to determine how to efficiently forward multicast packets The information gathered by IGMP is provided to a multicast routing protocol i e DVMRP PIM DM and PIM SM configured on the router to ensure that multicast packets are delivered to all networks where there are interested receivers Refer to those sections for configuration instructions Multicast 151 IGMP Proxy IGMP proxy enables a multicast router to learn multicast group membership information and forward multicast packets based upon the group membership information The IGMP Proxy is capable of functionin
142. ration To enable VRRP for the switch Routing gt VRRP gt Virtual Router Configuration To configure the interface for VRRP 80 Routing Configuration Proxy Address Resolution Protocol ARP This section describes the Proxy Address Resolution Protocol ARP feature Overview Proxy ARP allows a router to answer ARP requests where the target IP address is not the router itself but a destination that the router can reach If a host does not know the default gateway proxy ARP can learn the first hop Machines in one physical network appear to be part of another logical network Without proxy ARP a router responds to an ARP request only if the target IP address is an address configured on the interface where the ARP request arrived CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used in the proxy ARP feature Example 1 Enabling Proxy ARP To enable IP Proxy ARP console config console config interface vlan 10 console config if vlan10 routing console config if vlan10 ip proxy arp console config if vlan10 exit Example 2 Viewing the Interface Information console show ip interface vlan 50 Primary IP Address 192 150 2 1 255 255 255 0 Routing Mode Enable Administrative Mode Enable Forward Net Directed Broadcasts Disable Proxy ARP
143. rk Configuration VLAN 50 IP Address 192 150 2 1 Virtual Router ID 20 Virtual IP 192 150 2 1 VLAN 50 IP Address 192 150 2 20 Virtual Router ID 20 Virtual IP 192 150 2 1 Layer 3 Switch acting as Router 1 Layer 3 Switch acting as Router 2 Layer 2 Switch Hosts 78 Routing Configuration Configuring VRRP on the Switch as a Master Router 1 Enable routing for the switch IP forwarding is then enabled by default console config console config ip routing 2 Configure the IP addresses and subnet masks for the VLAN routing interface that will participate in the protocol console config interface vlan 50 console config if vlan50 ip address 192 150 2 1 255 255 255 0 console config if vlan50 exit 3 Enable VRRP for the switch console config ip vrrp 4 Assign the virtual router ID to the interface that will participate in the protocol console config interface vlan 50 console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 5 Specify the IP address that the virtual router function will recognize The interface IP address is the same as the virtual IP address This means the router is the interface owner and therefore has a priority of 255 which guarantees that it is the master console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 ip 192 150 2 1 6 Start the virtual router on the interface console config if vlan50 ip vrrp 20 mode console config if vlan50 exit Configuring VRRP on the Switch as a Backup Router
144. rovide better service to the voice traffic When a VLAN is associated with the Voice VLAN port then the VLAN ID information is passed onto the VOIP phone using the LLDP MED mechanism By this method the voice data coming from the VOIP phone is tagged with the exchanged VLAN ID thus regular data arriving on the switch is given the default PVID of the port and the voice traffic is received on a pre defined VLAN As a result both kinds of traffic are segregated in order to provide better service to the voice traffic 38 Switching Configuration When a dot1p priority is associated with the Voice VLAN port instead of a VLAN ID then the priority information is passed onto the VOIP phone using the LLDP MED mechanism By this method the voice data coming from the VOIP phone is tagged with VLAN 0 and with the exchanged priority thus regular data arriving on the switch is given the default priority of the port default 0 and the voice traffic is received with a higher priority You can configure the switch to override the data traffic CoS This feature can override the 802 1 priority of the data traffic packets arriving at the port enabled for Voice VLAN Therefore any rogue client that is also connected to the Voice VLAN port does not deteriorate the voice traffic Interaction with LLDP MED The interactions with LLDP MED are important for Voice VLAN LLDP MED notifies the Voice VLAN component of the presence and absence of a Vo
145. s Hash Algorithm Type ch1 No Configured Ports 3 48 Switching Configuration ch2 No Configured Ports 3 ch3 No Configured Ports 3 ch4 No Configured Ports 3 ch5 No Configured Ports 3 ch6 No Configured Ports 3 ch7 No Configured Ports 3 ch8 No Configured Ports 3 ch9 No Configured Ports 3 ch10 No Configured Ports 3 ch11 No Configured Ports 3 ch12 No Configured Ports 3 ch13 No Configured Ports 3 ch14 No Configured Ports 3 ch15 No Configured Ports 3 ch16 No Configured Ports 3 ch17 No Configured Ports 3 ch18 No Configured Ports 3 ch19 No Configured Ports 3 ch20 No Configured Ports 3 At this point the LAGs could be added to the default management VLAN Web Interface Configuration LAGs Port channels To perform the same configuration using the Graphical User Interface click Switching gt Link Aggregation gt LAG Membership in the navigation tree Switching Configuration 49 Port Mirroring This section describes the Port Mirroring feature which can serve as a diagnostic tool debugging tool or means of fending off attacks Overview Port mirroring selects network traffic from specific ports for analysis by a network analyzer while allowing the same traffic to be switched to its destination You can configure many switch ports as source ports and one switch port as a destination port You can also configure how traffic is mirrored on
146. s and printers are authenticated by 802 1X but the phone might not support 802 1X authentication The PowerConnect 6200 Series switches can allow unauthenticated traffic on the Voice VLAN for the phones that do not support authentication while requiring all other devices on the port to authenticate individually The phones that do not support 802 1X authentication are automatically directed to the Voice VLAN without manual configuration The phones will obtain this information using one of the following methods LLDP MED CDP DHCP In this example interface 1 g10 is set to an 802 1Q VLAN The port must be in general mode in order to enable MAC based 802 1X authentication Then port 1 g10 is configured with MAC based port authentication to allow authentication for multiple hosts on the same port see Example 2 MAC Based Authentication Mode on page 108 for more information Next Voice VLAN is enabled on the port with the Voice VLAN ID set to 25 Finally Voice VLAN authentication is disabled on port 1 g10 because the phone connected to that port does not support 802 1X authentication All other devices are required to use 802 1X authentication for network access Support for unauthenticated Voice VLANs is available in release 2 1 and later versions console configure console config interface ethernet 1 g10 console config if 1 g10 switchport mode general console config if 1 g10 dot1x port control mac based con
147. s table There are currently no entries in the table console show ip route Route Codes R RIP Derived O OSPF Derived C Connected S Static B BGP Derived IA OSPF Inter Area E1 OSPF External Type 1 E2 OSPF External Type 2 N1 OSPF NSSA External Type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA External Type 2 C 10 10 10 0 24 0 1 directly connected vlan 100 C 20 20 20 0 24 0 1 directly connected vlan 200 console show ip pimdm Admin Mode Enabled PIM DM INTERFACE STATUS Interface Interface Mode Operational Status vlan 100 Enabled Operational vlan 200 Enabled Operational Multicast 159 console show ip igmp IGMP Admin Mode Enabled IGMP Router Alert check Disabled IGMP INTERFACE STATUS Interface Interface Mode Operational Status vlan 100 Enabled Operational vlan 200 Enabled Operational The host connected to interface 1 g5 sends an IGMP join message for multicast group 225 1 1 1 in VLAN 100 Then the host connected to 1 g15 sends multicast data for group 225 1 1 1 in VLAN 200 Interface 1 g5 sends and receives the multicast data from the host on interface 1 g15 The multicast traffic must be routed because the hosts on 1 g5 and 1 g15 are in different subnets Due to IGMP snooping interface 1 g10 does not send or receive any multicast data even though it is in the
148. sage was received Tentative bindings are completed when DHCP snooping learns the client s IP address from a DHCP ACK message on a trusted port DHCP snooping removes bindings in response to DECLINE RELEASE and NACK messages DHCP Snooping application ignores the ACK messages as reply to the DHCP Inform messages received on trusted ports The administrator can also enter static bindings into the binding database The DHCP binding database resides on a configured external server or locally in flash depending upon the user configuration When a switch learns of new bindings or when it loses bindings the switch immediately updates the entries in the database The switch also updates the entries in the bindings file The frequency at which the file is updated is based on a configurable delay and the updates are batched If the absolute lease time of the snooping database entry expires the entry is removed If the system time is not consistent across reboots snooping entries will not expire properly If a host sends a DHCP release while the switch is rebooting when the switch receives the DHCP discovery or request the client s binding will go to the tentative binding 58 Switching Configuration Figure 3 4 DHCP Binding The DHCP snooping component does not forward server messages since they are forwarded in hardware DHCP snooping forwards valid DHCP client messages received on un trusted interfaces to all trusted interfaces within the VLAN
149. sages 230 Logged File Logging level notActive File Messages 0 Dropped CLI Command Logging disabled lt 130 gt JAN 01 00 00 06 0 0 0 0 1 UNKN 0x800023 bootos c 386 4 Event 0xaaaaaaaa A Priority B Timestamp C Stack ID D Component Name E Thread ID F File Name G Line Number H Sequence Number I Message A B C D E F G H I System Configuration 21 Web Session Logging disabled SNMP Set Command Logging disabled 0 Messages were not logged Buffer Log lt 189 gt JAN 01 03 57 58 10 27 65 86 1 TRAPMGR 216282304 traputil c 908 31 Instance 0 has elected a new STP root 8000 00ff f2a3 8888 lt 189 gt JAN 01 03 57 58 10 27 65 86 1 TRAPMGR 216282304 traputil c 908 32 Instance 0 has elected a new STP root 8000 0002 bc00 7e2c lt 189 gt JAN 01 04 04 18 10 27 65 86 1 TRAPMGR 231781808 traputil c 908 33 New Spanning Tree Root 0 Unit 1 lt 189 gt JAN 01 04 04 18 10 27 65 86 1 TRAPMGR 216282304 traputil c 908 34 The unit 1 elected as the new STP root Example 2 Viewing the Logging File console show logging file Persistent Logging disabled Persistent Log Count 0 Example 5 Configuring Syslog Server console config logging buffered Buffered In Memory Logging Configuration cli command CLI Command Logging Configuration console Console Logging Configuration facility Syslog Facility Configuration file Configure logging file parameters on Enable logging t
150. sign queue 2 exit class test_dept assign queue 3 exit class development_dept assign queue 4 exit exit Attach the defined policy to interfaces 1 g1 through 1 g4 in the inbound direction interface ethernet 1 g1 service policy in internet_access exit interface ethernet 1 g2 service policy in internet_access exit interface ethernet 1 g3 service policy in internet_access exit interface ethernet 1 g4 service policy in internet_access exit 146 Quality of Service Set the CoS queue configuration for the presumed egress interface 1 g5 such that each of queues 1 2 3 and 4 get a minimum guaranteed bandwidth of 25 All queues for this interface use weighted round robin scheduling by default The DiffServ inbound policy designates that these queues are to be used for the departmental traffic through the assign queue attribute It is presumed that the switch will forward this traffic to interface 1 g5 based on a normal destination address lookup for internet traffic interface ethernet 1 g5 cos queue min bandwidth 0 25 25 25 25 0 0 exit exit DiffServ for VoIP Configuration Example One of the most valuable uses of DiffServ is to support Voice over IP VoIP VoIP traffic is inherently time sensitive for a network to provide acceptable service a guaranteed transmission rate is vital This example shows one way to provide the necessary quality of service how to set up a class for UDP traffic have that traffic marked on the inbound sid
151. smaller then the configured Min TCP Hdr Size icmp ICMP DoS prevention causes the switch to drop ICMP packets that have a type set to ECHO_REQ ping and a size greater than the configured ICMP Pkt Size l4port Enabling L4 Port DoS prevention causes the switch to drop packets that have TCP UDP source port equal to TCP UDP destination port sipdip Enabling SIP DIP DoS prevention causes the switch to drop packets that have a source IP address equal to the destination IP address tcpflag Enabling TCP Flag DoS prevention causes the switch to drop packets that have TCP flag SYN set and TCP source port less than 1024 or TCP control flags set to 0 and TCP sequence number set to 0 or TCP flags FIN URG and PSH set and TCP sequence number set to 0 or both TCP flags SYN and FIN set tcpfrag Enabling TCP Fragment DoS prevention causes the switch to drop packets that have an IP fragment offset equal to 1 56 Switching Configuration Example 2 Viewing the DoS Configuration Information console show dos control SIPDIP Mode Enable First Fragment Mode Enable Min TCP Hdr Size 20 TCP Fragment Mode Enable TCP Flag Mode Disable L4 Port Mode Enable ICMP Mode Enable Max ICMP Pkt Size
152. sole config if 1 g10 voice vlan 25 console config if 1 g10 voice vlan auth disable console config if 1 g10 lt CTRL Z gt console show voice vlan interface 1 g10 Interface 1 g10 Voice VLAN Interface Mode Enabled Voice VLAN ID 25 Voice VLAN COS Override False Voice VLAN Port Status Disabled Voice VLAN Authentication Disabled 40 Switching Configuration IGMP Snooping This section describes the Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP Snooping feature IGMP Snooping enables the switch to monitor IGMP transactions between hosts and routers It can help conserve bandwidth by allowing the switch to forward IP multicast traffic only to connected hosts that request multicast traffic If you enable IGMP Snooping on the switch to listen to IGMP traffic you do not need to enable IGMP a layer 3 multicast protocol IGMP Snooping is a layer 2 feature that allows the switch to dynamically add or remove ports from IP multicast groups by listening to IGMP join and leave requests If you use the switch as a multicast router that can route multicast traffic between VLAN routing interfaces you must enable a multicast routing protocol on the switch such as PIM SM In this case you can enable both IGMP and IGMP Snooping so that the switch routes IGMP traffic between VLANs and exam
153. ssion on its backup NIC to a different IP address on the disk array The hardware forwards the packets to establish this new session but assuming the session is established before the control plane is restarted on the backup unit the new session receives no priority treatment in the hardware Session B remains established and fully functional throughout the restart and continues to receive priority treatment in the hardware Servers iSCSI Initiators 10 1 1 10 10 1 1 11 10 1 1 3 10 1 1 2 10 1 1 1 Disc Array iSCSI Targets Utility 175 Routed Access Scenario Figure 9 5 shows a stack of three units serving as an access router for a set of hosts Two LAGs connect the stack to two aggregation routers Each LAG is a member of a VLAN routing interface The stack has OSPF and PIM adjacencies with each of the aggregation routers The top unit in the stack is the management unit Figure 9 5 NSF and Routed Access If the management unit fails its link to the aggregation router is removed from the LAG When the control plane restarts both routing interfaces come back up by virtue of the LAGs coming up OSPF sends grace LSAs to inform its OSPF neighbors the aggregation routers that it is going through a graceful restart NOTE The graceful restart feature for OSPF is disabled by default To enable OSPF to perform a graceful restart for all planned and unplanned warm restart events use the nsf command in Router OSPF Config mode
154. te type that has a lower value is preferred over higher value types Local routes are assigned an administrative preference value of 0 and are always preferred over other route types to local hosts Static routes have a default value of 1 however this value and all other default preference values are user configurable A protocol can be assigned a preference value of 255 to prevent the router from forwarding packets using that protocol For routed management traffic 1 Router entries are checked for applicable destinations 2 The globally assigned default gateway is consulted Router entries take precedence over an assigned default gateway 96 Routing Configuration Example 1 Configure Administrative Preferences The following commands configure the administrative preference for the RIP and OSPF console Config router rip distance rip 130 exit For OSPF an additional parameter identifies the type of OSPF route that the preference value applies to router ospf distance ospf external Enter preference value for OSPF external routes inter area Enter preference value for inter area routes intra area Enter preference value for intra area routes distance ospf inter 170 exit Example 2 Assigning Administrative Preferences to Static Routes By default static routes are assigned a preference value of 1 The following command changes this default console Config ip route distance 20 exit When you configure a st
155. teraction with LLDP MED 38 IGMP Snooping 40 CLI Examples 40 IGMP Snooping Querier 43 CLI Examples 43 Link Aggregation Port Channels 45 CLI Example 46 Web Interface Configuration LAGs Port channels 48 Port Mirroring 49 Overview 49 CLI Examples 49 Port Security 50 Overview 50 Operation 50 CLI Examples 51 Link Layer Discovery Protocol 52 CLI Examples 52 Denial of Service Attack Protection
156. th could not be determined If the port has an active link while the cable test is run the link can go down for the duration of the test The test may take several seconds to run To view cable status information for multiple ports enter show copper ports tdr If the cable test has not been run on a port the results indicate that the test has not been performed 26 System Configuration Example 1 Cable Test for Copper Ports console test copper port tdr 1 g1 Cable Status Short Cable Length 5m console show copper ports tdr Port Result Length meters Date 1 g1 Short 9 Jan 01 1970 18 03 23 1 g2 Test has not been performed 1 g3 Test has not been performed 1 g4 Test has not been performed 1 g5 Test has not been performed More or q uit NOTE You can also run a cable test using the Web Interface In the navigation tree click System gt Diagnostics Example 2 Show Copper Cable Length Use the show copper ports cable length command in Privileged EXEC mode to display the estimated copper cable length attached to a port The following example displays the estimated copper cable length attached to all ports console show copper ports cable length Port Length meters 1 g1 lt 50 1 g2 Copper not active 1 g3 110 140 1 g4 Fiber System Configuration 27 Example 3 Sho
157. the NAS IP Address for the RADIUS Server The NAS IP address attribute identifies the IP Address of the network authentication server NAS that is requesting authentication of the user The address should be unique to the NAS within the scope of the RADIUS server The NAS IP Address is only used in Access Request packets Either the NAS IP Address or NAS Identifier must be present in an Access Request packet NOTE The feature is available in release 2 1 and later The following command sets the NAS IP address to 192 168 20 12 If you do not specify an IP address in the command the NAS IP address uses the interface IP address that connects the switch to the RADIUS server console config console config radius server attribute 4 192 168 20 12 TACACS TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System provides access control for networked devices via one or more centralized servers Similar to RADIUS this protocol simplifies authentication by making use of a single database that can be shared by many clients on a large network TACACS uses TCP to ensure reliable delivery and a shared key configured on the client and daemon server to encrypt all messages After you configure TACACS as the authentication method for user login the NAS Network Access Server prompts for the user login credentials and requests services from the TACACS client The client then uses the configured list of servers for authentication and provides resul
158. thernet interface range with a polling interval of 200 seconds console config sflow 1 polling ethernet 1 g1 1 g10 200 Example 3 Configure sFlow on an Ethernet interface with a polling interval of 400 seconds console config if 1 g15 sflow 1 polling 400 70 Switching Configuration Example 4 Show the sFlow configuration for receiver index 1 console show sflow 1 destination Receiver Index 1 Owner String site77 Time out 1529 IP Address 30 30 30 1 Address Type 1 Port 560 Datagram Version 5 Maximum Datagram Size 500 Example 5 Show sFlow sampling for receiver index 1 console show sflow 1 sampling Sampler Receiver Packet Max Header Data Source Index Sampling Rate Size 1 g1 1 1500 50 1 g2 1 1500 50 1 g3 1 1500 50 1 g4 1 1500 50 1 g5 1 1500 50 1 g6 1 1500 50 1 g7 1 1500 50 1 g8 1 1500 50 1 g9 1 1500 50 1 g10 1 1500 50 1 g15 1 1500 50 Switching Configuration 71 Example 6 Show sFlow polling for receiver index 1 console show sflow 1 polling Poller Receiver Poller Data Source Index Interval 1 g1 1 200 1 g2 1 200 1 g3
159. tion deletion and management of loopback interfaces A loopback interface is a software only interface that is not associated with a physical location as such it is not dependent on the physical status of a particular router interface and is always considered up as long as the router is running It enables configuring a stable IP address for remote clients to refer to The client can communicate with the loopback interface using any available active router interface NOTE In this context loopback interfaces should not be confused with the loopback IP address usually 127 0 0 1 assigned to a host for handling self routed packets Loopbacks are typically used for device management purposes A client can use the loopback interface to communicate with the router through various services such as telnet and SSH The address on a loopback behaves identically to any of the local addresses of the router in terms of the processing of incoming packets This interface provides the source address for sent packets and can receive both local and remote packets NOTE The following example uses the CLI to configure a loopback interface You can also use the Web interface Click Routing gt Loopbacks in the navigation tree You can create a loopback interface in the Global Config mode by assigning it a unique ID from 0 to 7 console configure console config interface loopback 0 Next you assign an IPv4 or IPv6 address to the interface console
160. tion script file from the switch list Lists all configuration script files present on the switch show Displays the contents of configuration script validate Validate the commands of configuration script Example 2 Viewing and Deleting Existing Scripts console script list Configuration Script Name Size Bytes abc scr 360 running config 360 startup config 796 test scr 360 4 configuration script s found 2046 Kbytes free console script delete test scr Are you sure you want to delete the configuration script s y n y 1 configuration script s deleted Example 3 Applying a Script to the Active Configuration console script apply abc scr Are you sure you want to apply the configuration script y n y Configuration script abc scr applied System Configuration 15 Example 4 Copying the Active Configuration into a Script Use this command to capture the running configuration into a script console show running config running config scr Config script created successfully Example 5 Uploading a Configuration Script to the TFTP Server Use this command to upload a configuration script to the TFTP server console copy script abc scr tftp 10 27 64 141 abc scr Mode TFTP Set TFTP Server IP 10 27 64 141 TFTP Path TFTP Filename
161. tion that suits your environment The level of service is determined by the egress port queue to which the traffic is assigned When traffic is queued for transmission the rate at which it is serviced depends on how the queue is configured and possibly the amount of traffic present in other queues for that port Some traffic is classified for service i e packet marking before it arrives at the switch If you decide to use these classifications you can map this traffic to egress queues by setting up a CoS Mapping table Each ingress port on the switch has a default priority value set by configuring VLAN Port Priority in the Switching sub menu that determines the egress queue its traffic gets forwarded to Packets that arrive without a priority designation or packets from ports you ve identified as untrusted get forwarded according to this default Ingress Port Configuration Trusted and Untrusted Ports CoS Mapping Table The first task for ingress port configuration is to specify whether traffic arriving on a given port is trusted or untrusted A trusted port means that the system will accept at face value a priority designation within arriving packets You can configure the system to trust priority designations based on one of the following fields in the packet header 802 1 Priority values 0 7 IP DSCP values 0 63 You can also configure an ingress port as untrusted where the system ignores priori
162. tiple VLAN Routing Interfaces With the following configuration the relay agent relays DHCP packets received on any interface other than VLAN 200 and VLAN 300 to 192 168 40 1 DHCP and DNS packets received on VLAN 200 to 192 168 40 2 SNMP traps port 162 received on interface VLAN 300 to 192 168 23 1 Drops DHCP packets received on VLAN 300 console config ip helper address 192 168 40 1 dhcp console config interface vlan 200 console config if vlan200 ip helper address 192 168 40 2 dhcp console config if vlan200 ip helper address 192 168 40 2 domain console config if vlan200 exit console config interface vlan 300 console config if vlan300 ip helper address 192 168 23 1 162 console config if vlan300 ip helper address discard dhcp console config if vlan300 exit 104 Routing Configuration Example 7 Show IP Helper Configurations The following command shows IP Helper configurations console show ip helper a IP helper is enabled Interface UDP Port Discard Hit Count Server Address vlan 100 domain No 0 192 168 30 1 vlan 100 dhcp No 0 192 168 10 1 192 168 20 1 192 168 30 1 vlan 200 domain No 0 192 168 40 2 vlan 200 dhcp No 0 192 168 40 2 vlan 300 dhcp Yes 0 vlan 300 162 No 0 192 168 23 1 Any Default No 0 20 1 1 1 Any dhcp No 0 10 1 1 1 10 1 2 1 Example 8 Show IP Helper Statistics The following command s
163. tive portal configuration In order to perform authentication accounting via RADIUS the administrator configures one or more RADIUS servers and then references the server s using their name in the captive portal configuration each captive portal instance can be assigned one RADIUS authentication server and one RADIUS accounting server If RADIUS is enabled for a captive portal configuration and no RADIUS servers are assigned the captive portal activation status indicates the instance is disabled with an appropriate reason code The Table 5 1 shows the RADIUS attributes that are used to configure captive portal users The table indicates both RADIUS attributes and vendor specific attributes VSA that are used to configure Captive Portal VSAs are denoted in the id column and are comma delimited vendor id attribute id Table 5 1 Captive Portal RADIUS Attributes A Captive Portal instance can be configured to use the HTTPS protocol during its user verification process The connection method for HTTPS uses the Secure Sockets Layer SSL protocol which requires a certificate to provide encryption The certificate is presented to the user at connection time The Captive Portal component uses the same certificate that is used by the switch for Secure HTTP connections This certificate can be generated by the administrator using a CLI command If a captive portal instance is configured for the HTTPS protocol and there is not a valid certificate present
164. ts back to the NAS You can configure the TACACS server list with one or more hosts defined via their network IP address You can also assign each a priority to determine the order in which the TACACS client will contact them TACACS contacts the server when a connection attempt fails or times out for a higher priority server You can configure each server host with a specific connection type port timeout and shared key or you can use global configuration for the key and timeout Like RADIUS the TACACS server can do the authentication itself or redirect the request to another back end device All sensitive information is encrypted and the shared secret is never passed over the network it is used only to encrypt the data TACACS Configuration Example This example configures two TACACS servers at 10 10 10 10 and 11 11 11 11 Each server has a unique shared secret key The server at 10 10 10 10 has a default priority of 0 the highest priority while the other server has a priority of 2 The process creates a new authentication list called tacacsList which uses TACACS to authenticate and uses local authentication as a backup method Device Security 121 Figure 5 4 PowerConnect 6200 Series Switch with TACACS When a user attempts to log into the switch the NAS or switch prompts for a username and password The switch attempts to communicate with the highest priority configured TACACS server at 10 10 10 10 Upon successful conne
165. ty designations of incoming packets and sends the packet to a queue based on the ingress port s default priority 140 Quality of Service CoS Mapping Table for Trusted Ports Mapping is from the designated field values on trusted ports incoming packets to a traffic class priority actually a CoS traffic queue The trusted port field to traffic class configuration entries form the Mapping Table the switch uses to direct ingress packets from trusted ports to egress queues Egress Port Configuration Traffic Shaping For unit slot port interfaces you can specify the shaping rate for the port in Kbps which is an upper limit of the transmission bandwidth used Queue configuration For each queue you can specify Minimum bandwidth guarantee Scheduler type strict weighted Strict priority scheduling gives an absolute priority with highest priority queues always sent first and lowest priority queues always sent last Weighted scheduling requires a specification of priority for each queue relative to the other queues based on their minimum bandwidth values Queue Management Type The switch supports the tail drop method of queue management This means that any packet forwarded to a full queue is dropped regardless of its importance CLI Examples Figure 7 1 illustrates the network operation as it relates to CoS mapping and queue configuration Four packets arrive at the ingress port 1 g10 in the order A B C a
166. u to generate a text formatted script file that shows the current system configuration You can generate multiple scripts and upload and apply them to more than one switch Overview Configuration scripting Provides scripts that can be uploaded from and downloaded to the system Provides flexibility to create command configuration scripts Can be applied to several switches Can save up to ten scripts up to a maximum size of 2 MB of memory Provides List Delete Apply Upload Download Provides script format of one CLI command per line NOTE The startup config and backup config scripts are not bound by the 2 MB memory limit Considerations When you use configuration scripting keep the following considerations in mind The total number of scripts stored on the system is limited by NVRAM FLASH size The application of scripts is partial if the script fails For example if the script executes five of ten commands and the script fails the script stops at five Scripts cannot be modified or deleted while being applied Validation of scripts checks for syntax errors only It does not validate that the script will run 14 System Configuration CLI Examples The following are examples of the commands used for configurations scripting Example 1 Viewing the Script Options console script apply Applies configuration script to the switch delete Deletes a configura
167. ument can be fully configured using the Web interface This guide also provides initial system setup and configuration instructions The Getting Started Guide for your Dell PowerConnect switch provides basic information to install configure and operate the system Release notes for your Dell PowerConnect product detail the platform specific functionality of the software packages including issues and workarounds System Configuration 11 2 System Configuration This section provides configuration scenarios for the following features Traceroute on page 12 Configuration Scripting on page 13 Outbound Telnet on page 16 Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP on page 17 Syslog on page 20 Port Description on page 22 Storm Control on page 23 Cable Diagnostics on page 25 NOTE For information on setting up the hardware and serial or TFTP connection refer to the Getting Started Guide for your system 12 System Configuration Traceroute Use Traceroute to discover the routes that packets take when traveling on a hop by hop basis to their destination through the network Maps network routes by sending packets with small Time to Live TTL values and watches the ICMP time out announcements Command displays all L3 devices Can be used to detect issues on the network Tracks up to 30 hops Default UDP port uses 33434 unless modifie
168. uthenticated Users 0 Device Security 131 Example 7 Modify the Default Captive Portal Configuration Change Verification Method to Local To change the verification method to local use the following command console config CP 1 verification local To view the configuration change use the following command console show captive portal configuration 1 status CP ID 1 CP Name Default CP Mode Enable Protocol Mode HTTP Verification Mode Local Group ID 1 Group Name Default User Logout Mode Enable URL Redirect Mode Disable Session Timeout 0 Idle Timeout 0 Max Bandwidth Up bytes sec 0 Max Bandwidth Down bytes sec 0 Max Input Octets bytes 0 Max Output Octets bytes 0 Max Total Octets bytes 0 132 Device Security To create a local user use the following command console Config CP user 1 name user1 console config CP user 1 password Enter password 8 to 64 characters R
169. value of 6 the lower the number the higher the priority Step 1 Set up a MAC Access List console config console config mac access list extended mac1 console config exit Step 2 Specify the MAC ACL Attributes console config mac access list deny any 00 11 22 33 44 55 00 00 00 00 FF FF log Step 3 Configure a MAC Access Group console config interface ethernet 1 g5 console config if 1 g5 mac access group mac1 in 6 Device Security 117 Step 4 Viewing the MAC ACL Information console show mac access lists Current number of all ACLs 2 Maximum number of all ACLs 100 MAC ACL Name Rules Interface s Direction mac1 1 1 g5 Inbound console show mac access lists mac1 MAC ACL Name mac1 Rule Number 1 Action deny Destination MAC Address 00 11 22 33 44 55 Destination MAC Mask 00 00 00 00 FF FF Log TRUE RADIUS Making use of a single database of accessible information as in an Authentication Server can greatly simplify the authentication and management of users in a large network One such type of Authentication Server supports the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS protocol as defined by RFC 2865 For authenticating users prior to access the RADIUS standard has become the protocol of choice by ad
170. w Last Time Domain Reflectometry Tests Use the show copper ports tdr command in Privileged EXEC mode to display the last Time Domain Reflectometry TDR tests on specified ports The following example displays the last TDR tests on all ports console show copper ports tdr Port Result Length meters Date 1 g1 OK 1 g2 Short 50 13 32 00 23 July 2004 1 g3 Test has not been preformed 1 g4 Open 128 13 32 08 23 July 2004 1 g5 Fiber Fiber Port Cable Test Example 1 Show Optical Transceiver Diagnostics Use the show fiber ports optical transceiver command in Privileged EXEC mode to display the optical transceiver diagnostics NOTE The show fiber ports command is only applicable to the SFP combo ports and XFP ports not the ports on the SFP plug in module The following example displays the optical transceiver diagnostics console show fiber ports optical transceiver Port Temp Voltage Current Output Input TX LOS Power Power Fault 1 g3 w OK E OK OK OK OK 1 g4 OK OK OK OK OK E OK 1 g1 Copper Temp Internally measured transceiver temperature Voltage Internally measured supply voltage Current Measured TX bias current Output Power Measured TX output power in milliWatts Input Power Measured RX received power in milliWatts TX Fault Transmitter fault LOS Loss of signal 28 System Configuration
171. w w w d e l l c o m s u p p o r t d e l l c o m Dell PowerConnect 6200 Series Configuration Guide Model PC6224 PC6248 PC6224P PC6248P and PC6224F Notes Cautions and Warnings NOTE A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer CAUTION A CAUTION indicates potential damage to hardware or loss of data if instructions are not followed WARNING A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage personal injury or death ____________________ Information in this document is subject to change without notice 2010 Dell Inc All rights reserved Reproduction of these materials in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Inc is strictly forbidden Trademarks used in this text Dell the DELL logo and PowerConnect are trademarks of Dell Inc sFlow is a registered trademark of InMon Corporation Cisco is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems Inc and or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products Dell Inc disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own Model PC6224 PC6248 PC6224P PC6248P and PC6224F April 2010 Rev A04 3 Contents 1 About this Document 9 Organization
172. warding When the management unit fails only the switch ASICs on the management unit need to be restarted To prevent adjacent networking devices from rerouting traffic around the restarting device the NSF feature uses the following three techniques 1 A protocol can distribute a part of its control plane to stack units so that the protocol can give the appearance that it is still functional during the restart 2 A protocol may enlist the cooperation of its neighbors through a technique known as graceful restart 3 A protocol may simply restart after the failover if neighbors react slowly enough that they will not normally detect the outage Initiating a Failover The NSF feature allows you to initiate a failover which results in a warm restart of the master unit in the stack Initiating a failover reloads the management unit triggering the backup unit to take over Before the failover the management unit pushes application data and other important information to the backup unit Although the handoff is controlled and causes minimal network disruption some application state is lost such as pending timers and other pending internal events Checkpointing Switch applications features that build up a list of data such as neighbors or clients can significantly improve their restart behavior by remembering this data across a warm restart This data can either be stored persistently as DHCP server and DHCP snooping store their bindings d
173. when the application is designed to assume a server is always on a local subnet or when the application uses broadcast packets to reach the server with the limited broadcast address 255 255 255 255 or a network directed broadcast address Network administrators can configure relay entries globally and on VLAN routing interfaces Each relay entry maps an ingress interface and destination UDP port number to a single IPv4 address the helper address Multiple relay entries may be configured for the same interface and UDP port in which case the relay agent relays matching packets to each server address Interface configuration takes priority over global configuration If the destination UDP port for a packet matches any entry on the ingress interface the packet is handled according to the interface configuration If the packet does not match any entry on the ingress interface the packet is handled according to the global IP helper configuration You can configure discard relay entries Discard entries are used to discard packets received on a specific interface when those packets would otherwise be relayed according to a global relay entry Discard relay entries may be configured on VLAN routing interfaces but are not configured globally Additionally you can configure which UDP ports are forwarded Certain UDP port numbers can be specified by name in the UI but network administrators can configure a relay entry with any UDP port number You can con
174. witch at a time so the PIM mode that is enabled globally is the PIM mode that is active on the interface 6 Configure VLAN 200 as a VLAN routing interface and assign an IP address and subnet mask console config interface vlan 200 console config if vlan200 routing console config if vlan200 ip address 20 20 20 1 255 255 255 0 7 Enable IGMP and PIM DM on the VLAN routing interface console config if vlan200 ip igmp console config if vlan200 ip pimdm 158 Multicast 8 Globally enable IGMP snooping IP multicast IGMP and PIM DM on the switch console config ip igmp snooping console config ip multicast console config ip igmp console config ip pimdm NOTE Only one multicast routing protocol PIM SM PIM DM or DVMRP can be enabled globally on the switch at a time 9 Configure ports 1 g5 and 1 g10 as members of VLAN 100 console config interface ethernet 1 g5 console config if 1 g5 switchport access vlan 100 console config if 1 g5 exit console config interface ethernet 1 g10 console config if 1 g10 switchport access vlan 100 console config if 1 g10 exit 10 Configure ports 1 g15 as a member of VLAN 200 console config interface ethernet 1 g15 config if 1 g15 switchport access vlan 200 config if 1 g15 exit console config exit The following commands show multicast and routing information before any IGMP joins or multicast data is sent The commands are in bold text console show bridge multicast addres
175. y new bindings during a failover As DHCP snooping applies its checkpointed DHCP bindings IPSG confirms the existence of the bindings with the hardware by reinstalling its source IP address filters If Dynamic ARP Inspection is enabled on the access switch the hardware traps ARP packets to the CPU on untrusted ports During a restart the control plane drops ARP packets Thus new traffic sessions may be briefly delayed until after the control plane restarts If IPSG is enabled and a DHCP binding is not checkpointed to the backup unit before the failover that host will not be able to send data packets until it renews its IP address lease with the DHCP server DHCP Server LAG Hosts Hosts 174 Utility Storage Access Network Scenario Figure 9 4 illustrates a stack of three PowerConnect 6200 Series switches connecting two servers iSCSI initiators to a disk array iSCSI targets There are two iSCSI connections as follows Session A 10 1 1 10 to 10 1 1 3 Session B 10 1 1 11 to 10 1 1 1 An iSCSI application running on the management unit the top unit in the diagram has installed priority filters to ensure that iSCSI traffic that is part of these two sessions receives priority treatment when forwarded in hardware Figure 9 4 NSF and a Storage Area Network When the management unit fails session A drops The initiator at 10 1 1 10 detects a link down on its primary NIC and attempts to reestablish the se
176. you must determine the QoS requirements for the network as a whole in terms of rules which are used to classify inbound traffic on a particular interface The switch does not support DiffServ in the outbound direction During configuration you define DiffServ rules in terms of classes policies and services Class A class consists of a set of rules that identify which packets belong to the class Inbound traffic is separated into traffic classes based on Layer 2 Layer 3 and Layer 4 header data One class type is supported All which specifies that every match criterion defined for the class must be true for a match to occur Policy Defines the QoS attributes for one or more traffic classes An example of an attribute is the ability to mark a packet at ingress The switch supports the ability to assign traffic classes to output CoS queues and to mirror incoming packets in a traffic stream to a specific egress interface physical port or LAG PowerConnect 6200 Series software supports the Traffic Conditioning Policy type which is associated with an inbound traffic class and specifies the actions to be performed on packets meeting the class rules Marking the packet with a given DSCP IP precedence or CoS Policing packets by dropping or re marking those that exceed the class s assigned data rate Counting the traffic within the class Service Assigns a policy to an interface for inbound traffic 144

DELL PowerConnect 6248, 3Y NBD

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents