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Sunny Boy SB 700U - SMA Solar Technology AG
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1. 4 Install inch conduit between the DC disconnect enclosure and the Sunny Boy s DC wiring knockout IEY Note Refer to Figure 4 8 page 4 16 for steps 5 through Z 000 gt Positive DC wire connected to DC terminal gt LE Negative DC wire connected 2 to DC terminal Figure 4 8 DC Connection Terminals 5 Pull the DC wires from the DC disconnect through the conduit into the interior of the Sunny Boy Connect the positive DC wire to the terminal labeled DC in the Sunny Boy Connect the negative DC wire to the terminal labeled DC in the Sunny Boy 4 16 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 is Note The Sunny Boy has provisions for either one or two PV strings The positive and negative terminal blocks each have two positions so two pairs of DC input wires can be connected in parallel CAUTION Avoid using wire nuts to join any wires togeth er or to make any connections anywhere in the PV system Wire nuts are a frequent cause of unreliable connections resistive connections and ground faults 8 Connect the positive and negative DC wires to the appropriate terminals in the DC disconnect enclosure 9 Fasten the wires while applying a torque of 15 in lbs 10 Verify that all
2. 4 8 Wiring DC 4 10 DC Connection Requirements 4 10 Configuring the DC InputVoltage Range 4 11 Connecting the DC 4 15 Connecting Communication Cables 4 18 RS 485 Communication 4 18 Replacing the Cover soot cack Oo 4 20 5 Commissioning SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 Displays and Messages LED Operation Indicators 6 3 LED FaultIndicators za ag Ree ee ee eae a 6 6 Status Messages on the 6 11 Sunny Display Language Selection 6 15 Communication 6 16 Measuring Channels and Messages 6 18 Measuring Channels 6 18 Operating 6 19 Sunny Boy 7000 Operating Parameters 6 20 Troubleshooting Gener le ln 7 1 Error MESSAGES S una sa ea rer 7 3 Technical Specifications FCC Compliance Information 8 1 Sunny Boy Wiring Diagram 8 2 Specifications e u ace We eS ee 8 3 Trip Limits Trip 8 5 Torque Values and Wire 8 5 viii SMA AmericaSB700U 11
3. Vac Min Fast JU Lower and upper limits of allowable AC voltage for fast disconnection Default value is Vac Max Fast optimal for installations lt 30 kW Vac Min Recnct as I Values are used to calculate the lower and upper limits to reconnect to the grid after a grid Vac Max Recnct i failure Vconst Setval ins PV Setpoint voltage for constant voltage operation These parameters only are important in case the parameter Operating is set to V const Vpv Start m Voltage where the Sunny Boy starts connecting to the grid SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 25 The following parameters appear in parameter list but connot be modified Operating Parameters of the Sunny Boy 700U 125 250 V DC fixed Name Description Plimit Upper limit of AC output power SMA SN Serial Number of the Sunny Boy Software BFR Firmware version of the operation control unit BER Software SRR Firmware version of the current control unit SRR 6 26 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Section 7 Troubleshooting General Our quality control program assures that each inverter is manufactured to exacting specifications and is thoroughly tested before leaving the factory If you encounter difficulty with the operation of your inverter please follow the steps below in an effort to correct the problem Check the blinking code on the lid of the Sunny Boy a
4. Operating Mode MPP Operation Operating Mode of the Sunny Boy Turbine MPP Operation Maximum Power Point V const Turbine Operating mode for wind power Stop plants V const Constant Voltage Mode Setpoint defined in Vconst Setval Stop Disconnection from utility no operation Maximum power output of the inverter The time the inverters waits to connect to the grid after Vpv Start is exceeded This value defaults to 5 minutes after a utility fault T Stop al Time that the Sunny Boy wait until it disconnects from the grid Vac Min m Lower Vac Min and upper Vac Max limit of allowable AC voltage Default value is optimal Vac Max BR for installations lt 30 kW Vac Min Fast JU Lower and upper limits of allowable AC voltage for fast disconnection Default value is Vac Max Fast optimal for installations lt 30 kW Vac Min Recnct as I Values are used to calculate the lower and upper limits to reconnect to the grid after a grid Vac Max Recnct i failure Vconst Setval ins PV Setpoint voltage for constant voltage operation These parameters only are important in case the parameter Operating is set to V const Vpv Start i Voltage where the Sunny Boy starts connecting to the grid SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 23 The following parameters appear in parameter list but connot be modified Table 6 4 Operating Parameters of the Sunny
5. Configuring the DC Input Voltage Range The Sunny Boy 7000 is designed for a maximum DC input voltage of 250 V DC The input voltage range can be configured to match the output of your PV array in three ranges 125 V DC to 250 V DC 700 W max 100 V DC to 200 V DC 600 W max and 75 V DC to 150 V DC 460 W max Figure 4 6 page 4 12 and Table 4 2 page 4 13 show where to position the range configuration plug and jumper to configure the Sunny Boy s DC input voltage range Table 4 1 page 4 11 lists the AC current and power specifications for the Sunny Boy 7000 for each of the DC inputvoltage range configurations CAUTION The open circuit voltage of the connected DC string must never exceed the maximum DC input voltage con figured by the DC range configuration plug and jumper Fig ure 4 6 and Table 4 2 on pages 4 12 and 4 13 Applying an open circuit voltage that does exceed the maximum DC in put voltage will cause irreversible damage to the Sunny Boy and void the warranty SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 11 125 V DC to 250 V DC BH 100 V DC to 200 V DC 75 V DC to 150 V DC m jm Orme _ Changing any sassa other jumpers voids the wa
6. Mounting Procedure The Sunny Boy 7000 is shipped with a T shaped wall mounting bracket that is suitable for use with most walls see Figure 3 4 The horizontal part of the T bracket has two holes spaced for 16 inch centers for mounting on wooden wall studs or it can be mounted on concrete or stone walls Make sure that the wall you choose to mount the Sunny Boy on is sturdy enough to support its weight 16 kg 36 Ib over a long period of time and that the wall is plumb Figure 3 4 Sunny Boy 7000 with Mounting Bracket Use the following procedure to mount the Sunny Boy 1 Locate the T shaped wall mounting bracket included in the shipping container with the Sunny Boy 2 Position the wall mounting bracket against the wall where you intend to mount the Sunny Boy it is best to mount the Sunny Boy at approximately eye level place a level on the top edge of the bracket and adjust the position of the bracket so that it is level 3 Using the wall mounting bracket as a template mark the wall through the two holes in the horizontal portion of the bracket CAUTION Ensure that there are studs in the wall at the places where you intend to drill the mounting holes DO NOT use molly or toggle bolts to mount the Sunny Boy to sheet rock or panelling 4 Setthe bracket aside temporarily and drill holes at the marks you made on the 3 6 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 wall Note The diameter of the holes you drill must match the
7. 6 Verify that the cover is in the correct position and that the seal is in place between the case and the cover 7 Tighten the cover screws fully and reinspect the seal to ensure that it is in the correct position SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 21 4 22 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Section 5 Commissioning All Sunny Boy inverters have a sophisticated system for detecting and responding to PV array ground faults as required by NEC Section 690 5 The PV array normally operates in a grounded configuration The array s negative conductor is connected to the grounding system inside the inverter as a part of the UL1741 Listed ground fault detection system The GFDI protection is active whenever there is sufficient DC WARNING Follow the steps in the commissioning pro cedure in the order they are presented Deviating from these procedures could expose you to lethal voltages that can cause serious injury and or death WARNING never insert the GFDI fuse into the Sunny Boy without the fuse holder base Lethal voltage may still be present and electric shock may result CAUTION Follow the steps in the commissioning pro cedure in the order they are presented Deviating from these procedures could cause irreversible damage to the Sunny Boy and void the warranty voltage to turn on the LCD in the Sunny Boy To commission the Sunny Boy follow these simple instructions 1 Make sure any coverting placed over the
8. DC Terminal Blocks 6 10 AWG Protective Earth Terminal 14 AWG Blocks SB700U 11 SE3207 SMA America 8 5 8 6 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America Inc 12438 Loma Rica Drive Unit C Grass Valley CA 95945 Phone 530 273 4895 Fax 530 274 7271 E mail info sma america com Toll Free 888 4SMAUSA SMA Technologie AG SMA Iberica Tecnologia Solar S L Niestetal Germany Barcelona Spain E mail info SMA de E mail info SMA Iberica com SMA Beijing Commercial Co Ltd SMA Italia S r l Beijing China Milan Italy E mail info SMA China com E mail info SMA Italia com SMA Technology Korea Co Ltd SMA France S A S Seoul Korea Lyon France E mail info SMA Korea com E mail info SMA France com ALMY
9. Sunny Display Language Selection The Sunny Display option has the ability to display information in any of four different languages Setting the language is performed by using a pair of slide switches located along the bottom edge of the display PC board The language choices are Spanish English French and German Use the diagram and chart below for setting the display Position of the switches for configuration of the Sunny Display language DC DC L N SS ESS SS Figure 6 3 Language Selecting Switches for the Sunny Display Option Language German Switch 2 Switch 1 English French Spanish A Language Switch S2 itch 51 A lt PB A lt PB an Switch 52 Switch S1 SB700U 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 15 Communication Options Sunny Boy inverters are available with different communication options depending upon your needs The Sunny Boy series allows for both internal and external metering options to be used simultaneously These options may also be installed in the field by qualified personnel PC Applications and Monitoring Sunny Boy operating data may be transmitted to and stored in a remote system or PC by one of the following methods RS 485 Data from up to 50 inverters is s
10. kW 200000 Total operating hours h Total of the inverter Changing the value can be necessary when a Sunny Boy is exchanged and you wish to match the previously acquired data 6 20 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Memory Function no function default param reset Op Data Reset errors Default No function Description Default param Sets all parameters to default Reset Op Data Sets all parameters that are visible in user level to default values Reset errors Resets all permanent device disable dBh and the failure EarthCurMax occurs To remove this failure follow the steps in Section 5 Commissioning the Sunny Boy Operating Mode MPP Operation Turbine V const Stop Operating Mode of the Sunny Boy MPP Operation Maximum Power Point Turbine Operating mode for wind power plants V const Constant Voltage Mode Setpoint defined in Vconst Setval Stop Disconnection from utility no operation Maximum power output of the inverter The time the inverters waits to connect to the grid after Vpv Start is exceeded This value defaults to 5 minutes after a utility fault T Stop Time that the Sunny Boy wait until it disconnects from the grid Vac Min Vac Max Lower Vac Min and upper Vac Max limit of allowable AC voltage Default value is optimal for installations lt 30 kW Vac Min Fast Vac Max Fast Lower and upper l
11. s s s The signal is repeated 3 times and then starts from the beginning The yellow LED is on for 5 seconds out for 3 seconds and then blinks twice The code is repeated 3 times If the condition remains the code will continue to be sent This code can be caused by any of the following conditions Low Grid Voltage Vac Min High Grid Voltage gt Vac Max Low Grid Frequency lt fac Min High Grid Frequency gt fac Max Significant change in grid frequency Check the condition of the grid by varifying service to other customers or to other equipment Also inspect the AC disconnect between the Sunny Boy and the grid CAUTION Have the grid connection to the Sunny Boy A checked only by a qualified electrician WARNING If troubleshooting methods require that you open the Sunny Boy inverter do so only after disconnecting all sources of power to the Sunny Boy 6 8 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 High Input Voltage Betrieb e Yellow LED is blinking 4 Erdschluss times in short intervals Earth Fault ld Y w sU rusqurp m m m F d 5s 3s 15 Is 15 1s The signal is repeated 3 times and then starts from the beginning The yellow LED is on for 5 seconds remains off for 3 seconds and then blinks 4 times The code is repeated 3 times If the condition remains the code will continue to be sent The inverter has detected an input voltage that is too high for
12. Array Sunny Boy 700U Utility Grid Figure 1 1 Sunny Boy 7000 Installed in a Utility Interactive PV System Note Policies vary from one utility company to another Con I sult with a representative of the local utility company before planning and installing a PV system 12 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Safety Anti Islanding Protection Islanding is a condition that can occur if the utility grid is disconnected while the Sunny Boy is operating and the remaining load is resonant at 60 Hz and matches the output of the Sunny Boy perfectly This condition is highly unlikely and had never been witnessed outside of a controlled laboratory Nevertheless the Sunny Boy incorporates an advanced active islanding protection algorithm to insure that the system will not export power into a balanced 60 Hz resonant load while the utility is disconnected The Sunny Boy periodically injects both leading and lagging reactive current into the utility grid This method has been proven by U S regulatory agencies to effectively destabilize and disconnect from a balanced island condition PV Ground Fault Detection and Interruption The Sunny Boy is equipped with a ground fault detection device If a ground fault current greater than 1 Amp is detected the Sunny Boy will shut down and display the fault condition on the user interface display Once the ground fault is located and corrected the ground fault error will need to be manually cleared and the inver
13. Boy 7000 100 200 V DC fixed Name Default Description Plimit 600 Upper limit of AC output power SMA SN Serial Number of the Sunny Boy Software BFR Firmware version of the operation control unit BER Software SRR Firmware version of the current control unit SRR Table 6 5 Operating Parameters of the Sunny Boy 7000 125 250 V DC changeable Antilsland Ampl Default Description Amplification of the Antilsland process Antilsland Freq Repitition rate of the Antilsland process CO2 Fact The Sunny Boy evaluates the yield and indicates the approximate CO2 emission avoided by your Sunny Boy The amount of CO2 avoided is computed according to the kWh produced E total multiplied by the factor defined in the parameter CO2 Default USA UL1741 2005 OFF GRID ADJUSTED Used for adjusting the parameters country specific settings Note After changing one of the parameters marked with the parameter Default changes to adjusted automatically 200000 Total energy yield E_Total of the inverter Changing the value can be necessary when a Sunny Boy is exchanged and you wish to match the previously acquired data Fac Delta Maximum allowable frequency above Fac Delta and below Fac Delta 60 Hz Default Fac Delta value is optimal for installations 30 kW Fac MinTripTime Utility inter
14. I hardware you are using to mount the Sunny Boy For 3 7 example if you are mounting the Sunny Boy on a concrete wall the hole diameter should be approximately the same as the outside diameter of the concrete anchors you intend to use If you are mounting the Sunny Boy on a wall that has wooden studs inside it the hole diameter should be the correct size for the lag screws you intend to use to mount the bracket If you are installing the Sunny Boy outside the lag screws must be made of stainless steel and the diameter of the screws should closely match the diameter of the holes in the wall mounting bracket If you use M6x10 or 1 4 screws drill 7 32 inch pilot holes Insert two stainless steel lag screws through the holes in the horizontal part of the wall mounting bracket and into the holes you drilled in the wall Tighten the screws until the bracket is held firmly against the wall see 1 in Figure 3 4 Do not overtighten the screws Carefully lift the Sunny Boy into position near the mounting bracket The upside down U shaped bracket attached to back of the Sunny Boy at the top edge fits over the top edge of the bracket so that the Sunny Boy hangs from the bracket see 2 in Figure 3 4 WARNING To avoid injury lift the Sunny Boy careful ly and handle it carefully to prevent the weight of the inverter from causing you to lose your balance and fall If possible have someone help you when you mount the Sunny Boy
15. Inspect the Sunny Boy from both sides to ensure that the U shaped bracket on the Sunny Boy fully engages the top edge of the mounting bracket and that the Sunny Boy is centered on the bracket Locate the mounting strap that hangs from the back of the Sunny Boy at the bottom Insert an M6x10 bolt through the hole in the mounting strap and into the threaded hole in the bottom end of the wall mounting bracket see 3 in Figure 3 4 10 Tighten the bolt fully do not overtighten SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 37 11 Verify that the Sunny Boy 7000 is firmly mounted in place 3 8 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Section 4 Wiring and Connecting the Sunny Boy This section provides step by step procedures and other information required for wiring the Sunny Boy 7000 to the PV array the household circuits and the utility grid To accomplish the installation in the safest and most efficient manner complete the steps in the order that they appear WARNING Before connecting or operating the Sunny Boy read all of the instructions cautions and warnings on the Sunny Boy the PV array and in this Installation Guide WARNING You must connect the wires that carry the AC voltage from the Sunny Boy to the utility grid and the wires that carry the DC voltage from the PC array to the Sunny Boy in the order described in the procedures in this section Deviating from these pro cedures could expose you to lethal voltage that c
16. LED is Earth Fault St rung Failure s Yellow LED is on The inverter has detected a ground fault in the PV system and has disconnected from the grid The ground fault must be located and cleared and the inverter reset manually The inverter will not restart automatically Defective GFDI Fuse Betrieb Operation e Erdschluss Red LED is on Earth Fault St rung Failure The GFDI fuse located in the fuse holder on the bottom of the inverter is defective If the fuse has blown due to a ground fault the fault must be cleared before replacing the fuse CAUTION For continued protection against the risk of fire replace the GFDI fuse with fuses of the same type and rating only The recommended type is a Littelfuse KLKD 1 Amp 600V AC DC 6 6 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Consistent Fault Betrieb Operation e Erdschluss Earth Fault e St rung Yellow LED is on Failure The yellow LED remains lit The Sunny Boy has detected a fault with the internal utility monitoring system When the inverter detects a fault of this kind it will no longer connect to the utility grid To correct this the inverter must be serviced by a qualified service technician SB700U 11 SE3207 SMA America 67 Grid Failure Betrieb Operation Yellow LED is blinking 2 ee e times in short intervals Earth Fault Y v St rung on TENE WE Failure 5 3 1
17. Sunny Boy is de energized disconnect the wiring in the reverse order from above WARNING Always wait a minimum of 5 minutes for the stored potential in the Sunny Boy to dis charge completely before opening the enclosure WARNING All electrical installations must be done in accordance with all local electrical codes and the National Electrical Code NEC ANSI NFPA 70 WARNING Before connecting the Sunny Boy to the electrical utility grid contact the local utility compa ny This connection must be made only by qualified personnel 4 2 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Sunny Boy 700U Internal Components All of the terminals and connectors for DC input AC output and communications are inside the Sunny Boy s case To gain access to these and other internal components you must remove the cover Opening the Sunny Boy 700U Remove the four M5 screws and lock washers that attach the cover to the Sunny Boy Place the cover screws and lock washers aside where they will be out of your way while you are connecting wires and cables to the Sunny Boy CAUTION Be careful not to misplace the screws or the lock washers as all four screws and lock washers are required to ensure that the cover is grounded properly and is fully sealed to the case Handle the cover carefully as even minor dam age to the cover could result in an inadequate seal between the cover and the case thus allowing moisture to enter the case and damage th
18. V S Erdschluss k Earth Fault e Green LED blinks once per second St rung e Failure The inverter has determined that there is enough power from the array to operate and is checking the condition of the grid in preparation to connect to it Note lf the inverter fails to connect to the utility grid 3 I times in a row it will wait 1O minutes before the next attempt 6 4 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Normal Operation Betrieb 3 Operation s Erdschluss Green LED is on Earth Fault St rung Failure O The inverter is feeding the utility grid in either MPP or Constant Voltage mode MPP Mode The Sunny Boy adjusts the voltage from the PV array to match the voltage with the highest output power Constant Voltage Mode The voltage from the PV array has been set to a fixed value This value is set by using the Sunny Boy Control or the Sunny Data software The parameter name is V Const or U Konst depending on which software you are using to access the parameters Derating Betrieb o All E Operation 15 Erdschluss Earth Fault Green LED is shortly off once per second St rung e Failure The inverter is feeding power to the utility grid at a derated rate due to excessive heating of the heat sink SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 5 LED Fault Indicators Ground Fault Betrieb Operation e Erdschluss Red
19. and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the re ceiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Caution Changes or modifications not expressly approved by SMA America Inc could void the user s authority to operate this equipment Contact SMA America for information 12438 C Loma Rica Drive Grass Valley CA 95945 USA 530 273 4895 www sma america com SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 8 1 Sunny Boy Wiring Diagram Sunny Boy connection to 120 V AC utility grids UTILITY SUNNY BOY 700U eve INVERTER EQUIPMENT GROUND GROUND all Are ON ON NEUTRAL ay RR B
20. conduits and cables 3 2 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 gt P D CAUTION Rain tight or wet location hubs that comply with the requirements in the Standard for Fittings for Ca ble and Conduit UL 514 B are to be used CAUTION If the Sunny Boy is mounted outside humid weather during the installation could cause eventual damage to the inverter If moisture from damp air is enclosed in the case when you complete the installation it will eventually condense within the case and the moisture can damage the electronic components Do not install the Sunny Boy when it is raining and if possible choose a day when the humidity is low to install it CAUTION If you are installing the Sunny Boy in a cabi net closet or other relatively small enclosed area you must provide sufficient air circulation to dissipate the heat generated by the inverter WARNING When the Sunny Boy is operating individual parts of the enclosure may reach temperatures of 158 F 70 C To prevent fires ensure that nothing comes in contact with the heat sink and that surrounding materials are sufficiently heat resistant WARNING To prevent electrical shock or other inju ry check for existing electrical or plumbing installa tions in the walls where you plan to drill mounting holes for the Sunny Boy prior to drilling SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 3 3 Dimensions and Recommended Clearances The outer dimensions of the Sunny Boy 70
21. connections are correctly wired and properly torqued SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 17 Connecting Communication Cables Various data communication options are available for the Sunny Boy 7000 These options are provided in the form of Piggy Back modules that can be installed and connected either at the time the inverter is installed or at any time thereafter Refer to the instructions included with the communication module for installation procedures The following subsection provides instructions for connecting communication cables of RS 485 between a Sunny Boy with a communication module and a personal computer PC RS 485 Communication RS 485 is a communication standard for bidirectional transmission of data between one or more Sunny Boy inverters and a PC Note All Sunny Boy inverters are capable of RS 485 commu gt nication as long as the requirements below are met You can mix different Sunny Boy models on the RS 485 communica tion bus Requirements for RS 485 Communication The Sunny Boy 700U must be equipped with an RS 485 Piggy Back communication mod ule conductor cable no longer than 4000 feet 1200 meters with a common shield and a wire size no smaller than 24 AWG The cable must consist of 2 twisted pairs with a common shield surrounding all 4 wires Connecting an RS 485 Cable Use the following procedure to install an RS 485 data communication cable Note The following steps de
22. have questions about the Sunny Boy warranty contact SMA America at the address telephone number or Web site listed on page iii to send E mail see the Contact section of the SMA America Web site vi SMA America SB700U 11 SE3207 Contents Revision History sy g etek apa vine ey V SR aS iii Safety and Hazard 5 iv Cautions and Warnings Other Symbols add a ee ety e eae Cb esos General vi WORN s a a vi 1 Introduction Product Overview 1 2 Sally car Oc bara ea ae RP SUA s B 1 3 Installation Overview 1 5 2 Unpacking and Inspection 3 Mounting the Sunny Boy Choosing a Mounting Location 3 2 Dimensions and Recommended Clearances 3 4 Mounting 3 6 4 Wiring and Connecting the Sunny Boy Sequence 4 2 Sunny Boy 7000 Internal 4 3 Opening the Sunny Boy 7000 4 3 Locating Internal 4 3 Wiring AC 4 6 AC Connection Requirements 4 6 Connecting the AC Wires
23. the page SB700U 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 13 SMA America USA Microsoft Internet Explorer bereitgestellt von SMA v1 1 String Sizing Program Further Instructions If you are having difficulty with the String Sizing Program or it is not operating properly see this Read Me file for the operating instructions and version history of the String Sizing Program By using this String Sizing Program you agree that this Program is for approximating PV module string sizes only Further you agree that SMA America Inc makes no claim as to the actual performance of your system including but not limited to the efficiency or power production of the inverter and PV modules based on the information from this Program Additionally you agree that it is the responsibility of the system design engineer to ensure that the PV module selection array configuration and associated wiring diagrams are appropriate for the system being considered NOTE For an explanation of any particular entry definition click on the actual term for a glossary Design Options Please Select an Inverter Please Select a P Manufacturer Please Select a P Module SWR 1800U 120 z Please Select Please Select Inverter Data Design Irradiance W m Pgac Pdernax 1000 2000 yde Max min o 139 Module Data Module Pnom w Vi V Temperature Coefficient of Voltage Temperature Coefficient of Current Temperature Coefficient of Po
24. the art technology high reliability and overall ease of use all the qualities you ve come to expect from SMA the industry leader in inverter technology Some of the features included are LCD Advanced communication options Compatible with all SMA inverter and communication products Simple installation Rugged stainless steel enclosure 1 4 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Installation Overview This section provides a high level overview of the installation process so you have an idea what to expect as you proceed through the rest of the Installation Guide The installation process is broken down into the following tasks Section 2 Unpacking and Inspection This section provides instructions and information for unpacking the Sunny Boy inspecting it for shipping damage and if necessary returning a damaged Sunny Boy Section 3 Mounting the Sunny Boy This section includes guidelines to help you select the best mounting location cautions and warnings that you should follow to avoid injury and or equipment damage and step by step instructions for mounting a Sunny Boy 7000 inverter Section 4 Wiring and Connecting the Sunny Boy This section includes guidelines for selecting the correct wire sizes cautions and warnings that you should follow to avoid injury and or equipment damage and step by step instructions for setting the internal voltage range jumper wiring a Sunny Boy to a PV array household electrical circuits
25. the original box to avoid damage during shipping 7 2 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Error messages In case of an error the Sunny Boy 7000 generates the error code according to the operating mode and the detected error Error Code Bfr Srr Description Communication between micro controllers is failing Error Type EarthCur Max Bfr BFR earth current between PV and GND is out of tolera ble range EarthCur Max Srr SRR earth current between PV and GND is out of tolera ble range EEPROM Transition failure during reading or writing of data EE PROM the data is not essential for safe operation this fail ure does not effect performance EEPROM p Data EEPROM detective device is set to permanent dis able due to the fact that the data loss affects important func tions of the inverter Contact SMA EeRestore Internal failure Error Fac Bfr Fac Srr The AC grid frequency is exceeding the allowable range Bfr or Srr is an internal message and is not important to the user The Sunny Boy assumes that the public grid is down and disconnects from the grid in order to avoid is landing Check the grid frequency and the grid cable connection in the Sunny Boy enclosure If the grid frequency is out of range due to your local grid conditions contact the utility company and ask if it is permissable to change the grid monitoring parameters of the inverter Contact SMA a
26. use to ensure optimal operation of the system ground e This symbol appears beside terminations that are connected to earth SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America General Warnings Warranty P P b b pb All electrical installations must be done in accordance with the local and National Electrical Code ANSI NFPA 70 The Sunny Boy contains no user serviceable parts Always return the unit to an authorized SMA Service Center for repairs and maintenance Before installing or using the Sunny Boy read all of the instructions cautions and warnings on the Sunny Boy the PV array and in this Installation Guide You must not connect the Sunny Boy to the electrical utility grid until you have received prior approval from the utility company This connection must be made only by qualified personnel PV arrays produce electrical energy when exposed to light and thus can create an electrical shock hazard Completely cover the surface of all PV arrays with opaque dark material before wiring them The Sunny Boy has a heat sink on its top surface to help cool the internal components This heat sink can reach temperatures as high as 158 F 70 C To avoid the risk of burns never touch the Sunny Boy s heat sink while the unit is in operation All Sunny Boy SB 7000 inverters sold in the USA have a five year warranty as indicated on the warranty card included in the Sunny Boy shipping container For warranty coverage or if you
27. 00 are shown in Figure 3 2 The Sunny Boy must be mounted so that there is at least eight inches of clearance above the heat sink that is mounted on the top of the inverter 180 mm 7 09 in EM Boy 12 322 mm 12 68 in Figure 3 2 Outer Dimensions of the Sunny Boy 7000 gt CAUTION You must ensure that there is sufficient clearance for heat dissipation above the Sunny Boy s heat sink In a nor mal operating environment with good ventilation eight inch es of clearance is adequate However if the airflow to the Sunny Boy is restricted or it is subjected to other abnormal op erating conditions enough additional clearance or forced ventilation must be provided to allow the heat that the Sunny Boy produces to dissipate freely Note If additional ventilation is required use the optional Sunny Breeze fan that mounts to the heat sink Note The National Electrical Code may require significantly larger working clearances see NEC Section 110 26 Sunny EE 320 mm 60 in SMA America SB700U 11 SE3207 Wall Mounting Bracket 450 mm 17 73 in 430 mm 16 94 in 300 mm 11 82 in 225 mm 8 87 in 150 mm 5 91 in 22 mm 0 86 in 10 mm 0 39 in 180 mm 7 09 in 240 mm 9 46 in 244 mm 9 61 in Figure 3 3 Dimensions of the wall mounting bracket SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 3 5
28. 4 W Note Anytime the AC power is disconnected from the inverter either manually or as a result of an AC disturbance the inverter will wait 5 minutes after the AC power has been restored to reconnect When servicing the inverter always disconnect the DC first then the AC 52 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Section 6 Displays and Messages Each Sunny Boy inverter comes equipped with a three LED status indicator This allows the user to determine the operating mode of the inverter at a glance The basic definitions of the indicator lights are as follows The green LED indicates that the inverter is operating and in which mode The red LED indicates that the GFDI fuse located in the holder on the underside of the inverter is defective The yellow LED indicates that there is a fault of some kind either inside the inverter itself or somewhere in the system and that the inverter has ceased operation until the fault is corrected The different error codes and possible causes are addressed later in this section The red and yellow LEDs combined indicate that the GFDI has detected a ground fault The ground fault must be located and cleared and the inverter reset manually The inverter will not restart automatically after detecting a ground fault SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 1 F Betrieb Operation Erdschluss T Earth Fault Photovoltaik Stringwechselrichter St rung Q Photovoltaic string inverter Fai
29. 999 Bis 4 BREAKER SIZE v5 Pv pv L N pe is 1 10 Amp DC AC Bye DISCONNECT DISCONNECT SWITCH SWITCH PV ARRAY FOLLOW ALL APPLICABLE BUILDING AC EN AND ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS DISTRIBUTION PANEL EARTH GROUND The AC disconnect switch shown above may or may not be required by the local utility 8 2 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Specifications Inverter Technology Sine wave current source high frequency PWM AC Input Voltage 106 132 120 VAC AC Input Frequency 59 3 60 5 60 Hz Peak Power Tracking Voltage 125 200 V DC 100 160 V DC 77 120V DC Range of Input Operating Voltage 125 250 V DC 100 200 V DC 77 150 V DC Maximum DC Power 780 W 670 W 510 W Maximum AC Continuous Output Power 700 W 600 W 460 W Current THD Less than 3 Output Power Factor gt 0 99 nominal power Peak Inverter Efficiency 93 6 93 3 92 4 CEC Weighted Efficiency 91 5 Cooling Convection cooling no fan PV Start Voltage 150 V DC 125 V DC 95 V DC Maximum AC Continuous Output Current 57A Maximum DC Input Current 7A SB700U 11 SE3207 SMA America 8 3 Maximum Input Short Circuit Current 18A Maximum Input Source Back feed Current to Input Source 15A Maximum Output Fault Current 15A Maximum Output Overcurrent
30. AMT Sunny Boy SB 7000 SB7OOU 11 SE3207 TBE SBO7U Version 1 1 Installation Guide SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Copyright 2007 SMA America Inc All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photographic magnetic or otherwise without the prior written permission of SMA America Inc SMA America makes no representations express or implied with respect to this documentation or any of the equipment and or software it may describe including with no limitation any implied warranties of utility merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose All such warranties are expressly disclaimed Neither SMA America nor its distributors or dealers shall be liable for any indirect incidental or consequential damages under any circumstances The exclusion of implied warranties may not apply in all cases under some statutes and thus the above exclusion may not apply Specifications are subject to change without notice Every attempt has been made to make this document complete accurate and up to date Readers are cautioned however that SMA America reserves the right to make changes without notice and shall not be responsible for any damages including indirect incidental or consequential damages caused by reliance on the material presented including but not limited to omissions typog
31. Bottom View of the Sunny Boy 7000 Showing 1 2 Wiring Knockouts CAUTION All knockouts in the Sunny Boy chassis are sized for 1 2 inch rigid conduit EMT DO NOT enlarge any of these holes as this is a violation of UL requirements and voids the SMA warranty SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 5 Wiring the AC Output This subsection provides complete step by step procedures for wiring the AC output from the Sunny Boy to the dedicated circuit and the utility grid AC Connection Requirements All electrical installations AC and Protective Earth PE must be done in accordance with all local electrical codes and with the National Electrical Code NEC ANSI NFPA 70 Use for all AC and Protective Earth PE wiring connections to the Sunny Boy 6 14AWG 90 C 194 F solid or stranded copper wire WARNING The National Electrical Code NEC states that the inverter must be connected to a ded icated circuit and that no other outlets or devices can be connected to the same circuit See NEC Sec tion 690 64 b 1 The NEC also imposes limitations on the size of the inverter and the manner in which it is connected to the utility grid See NEC Section 690 64 b 2 WARNING To reduce the risk of fire connect only N to a circuit provided with 15 amperes maximum branch circuit overcurrent protection in accordance with the National Electric Code ANSI NFPA 70 4 6 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 The diagram in F
32. PV array is removed 1 Connect the grid voltage to the Sunny Boy by switching on the main AC circuit breaker in the main utility panel 2 Switch the DC disconnect to the on position If there is sufficient sunlight available the Sunny Boy will enter the Wait mode at this time and the green LED will begin to blink 3 If no AC faults are detected the Wait mode will end after approximately 10 seconds and the green LED will stop blinking remain on and the Sunny Boy will begin to operate normally If an AC fault was registered the Sunny Boy will wait 5 minutes prior to starting SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America amp qaum a Note If there is a ground fault in the array the EarthCurrentMax error message will be displayed and the GFDI fuse may clear If this error message is encountered switch off the DC and AC disconnects to the Sunny Boy and troubleshoot the array Note Ifthe Sunny Boy is not operating as expected after the commissioning procedure has been completed refer to Section 6 Displays and Messages and to Section 7 Troubleshooting Note If there is adequate solar irradiation and the resulting PV input voltage is sufficient the Sunny Boy will automatically begin feeding power to the utility grid Note The Sunny Boy operates from the power produced by the PV array and is designed for minimal internal DC power consumption The maximum power that the Sunny Boy will consume in normal operation is
33. Protection 15A Synchronization In Rush Current 3 6A DC Voltage Ripple Less than 10 Power Consumption 0 1 W nighttime lt 4 W in operation Ambient Temperature Rating 13 F 113 C 25 45 C Enclosure NEMA 4X IP65 stainless steel Dimensions 12 70 W x 12 60 H x 7 10 D inches 322 W x 320 H x 180 D mm Weight 35 lbs 16 kg Compliance UL1741 UL 1998 IEEE 929 IEEE 1547 IEEE C37 90 1 IEEE C62 41 2 test conditions 2 kV 1 kA FCC Partt 15A amp B Specifications subject to change without notice 84 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Trip Limits Trip Times Trip Limit Hz Trip Frequencies Hz Trip Times 5 gt 60 5 60 45 60 55 max 0 1602 57 0 59 8 56 95 59 85 adjustable 0 16 300 default 59 3 default 59 25 59 35 default max 0 1602 lt 57 0 56 95 57 05 max 0 1602 Nominal Trip Limit Trip Voltages Trip Voltages Trip Times s Voltage V Line to Neutral V Line to Line V 57 6 62 4 N A max 0 1602 103 2 108 0 max 2 002 129 6 134 4 max 1 001 141 6 146 4 max 0 1602 Manufacturer s Accuracies Trip Limit Accuracy 2 of nominal grid voltage Trip Time Accuracy 0 1 of nominal trip time Trip Frequency Accuracy 0 1 of nominal frequency Torque Values and Wire Sizes Terminal Wire Size AC Terminal Blocks 14 AWG
34. SE3207 Section 1 Introduction This installation guide provides all the information needed to mount wire and commission a Sunny Boy 7000 grid tied photovoltaic PV inverter Note To help avoid problems during the installation fa I miliarize yourself with the installation process by reading the entire Installation Guide before starting the installa tion WARNING Lethal voltages are present at various points in a PV system For safety reasons it is rec ommended that only trained professionals attempt to install this equipment SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 1 1 Product Overview The Sunny Boy is a DC to AC grid tied utility interactive inverter for use with photovoltaic PV The SB Z00U is additionally UL listed for the use with fuel cell wind turbine and other sources of DC power In general the Sunny Boy takes power from a DC source PV modules and converts it to AC power for the utility grid This power is delivered first to local loads household appliances lights motor loads etc with any excess power fed to the utility The power consumed by the local loads reduces the power needed from the utility Excess power may actually spin the utility meter backwards depending on the type of meter in your system This power may also be recorded as power credits by the utility company depending on the interconnection agreement An example of basic system components is shown in Figure 1 1 page 1 2 PV
35. al safety precautions within the Sunny Boy Void the UL Listing of the Sunny Boy Void the warranty of the Sunny Boy Void any utility interconnection agreement Never change the operating parameters without explicit permission and instructions Table 6 1 Operating Parameters of the Sunny Boy 7000 75 150 V DC changeable Default Description Antilsland Ampl us Amplification of the Antilsland process Antilsland Freq Repitition rate of the Antilsland process CO2 Fact i The Sunny Boy evaluates the yield and indicates the approximate CO2 emission avoided by your Sunny Boy The amount of CO2 avoided is computed according to the kWh produced E total multiplied by the factor defined in the parameter CO2 Default USA UL1741 Used for adjusting the parameters country 2005 specific settings OFF_GRID ADJUSTED Note After changing one of the parameters marked with the parameter Default changes to adjusted automatically 200000 Total energy yield E Total of the inverter Changing the value can be necessary when a Sunny Boy is exchanged and you wish to match the previously acquired data Fac Delta 2 i Maximum allowable frequency above Fac Delta and below Fac Delta 60 Hz Default Fac Deltat EE i value is optimal for installations lt 30 kW Fac MinTripTime 16 Utility interconnection frequency trip time Default value is optimal for installations lt 30
36. an cause serious injury WARNING Always turn OFF all breakers and switches in the PV system before connecting any wires to the Sunny Boy or disconnecting any wires from the Sunny Boy For inverters provided with a fixed AC output Note The AC input and AC output circuits are isolated from the enclosure and system grounding if required by section 250 of the National Electric Code ANSI NFPA 70 is the responsibility of the installer requirements of sections 690 41 through 690 47 of the National Electric Code ANSI NFPA 70 and is the responsibility of the installer S Note The Photovoltaic System Grounding shall be installed per the SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 1 Sequence of Connecting WARNING Always connect the wires to the Sunny Boy in the following sequence 1 De energize all AC and DC sources by switching all AC and DC disconnects and or breakers OFF 2 Wiring from AC breaker to the AC disconnect switch 3 Wiring from the AC disconnect switch to the Sunny Boy follow the procedure on page 4 6 et seq 4 Wiring from the PV wires to the DC disconnect 5 Wiring from the DC disconnect to the Sunny Boy follow the procedure on page 4 10 et seq 6 Turn the DC switches and or breakers ON 7 Turn the AC switches and or breakers ON To disconnect the Sunny Boy first turn OFF all AC disconnects and then all DC disconnects The AC system should always be disconnected before the DC system After the
37. and the utility grid Procedures are also included for connecting optional data communication cables to the Sunny Boy Section 5 Commissioning Commissioning involves applying DC input power to the Sunny Boy observing the LED indicators on the cover and resolving any problems that occur Section 6 Displays and Messages This section provides tips and procedures for resolving problems that can occur during installation SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 1 5 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Section 2 Unpacking and Inspection All Sunny Boy inverters are thoroughly checked before they are packed and shipped Although they are shipped in sturdy recyclable packaging damage can still occur during shipping and delivery It is important for you to carefully inspect the shipping container prior to beginning the installation If you detect any external damage to the packaging that makes you suspect the inverter itself could be damaged or if you find that the inverter is damaged after unpacking it report the damage immediately to your SMA dealer and to the shipping company that delivered the Sunny Boy If it becomes necessary to return the Sunny Boy use the original packaging in which the Sunny Boy was delivered WARNING The Sunny Boy 700U weighs 16kg 36 Ib To avoid injury lift the Sunny Boy carefully and be careful to prevent the weight of the inverter from caus ing you to lose your balance and fall If possible have s
38. ayed during koo o initialization of the inverter Initialization of the display on the Sunny Boy 700U The installed firmware versions of the control system ee BFR and the current control processor SRR are Initialization of the display displayed after 6 seconds Sunny Boy 700U SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 11 Messages of the Sunny Display During Operation The Sunny Display presents all relevant operating data one screen after the other The images on the side indicate the messages Each message is displayed for 5 seconds after all messages have been displayed the display starts from the beginning again First the E Today total energy produced on this day is displayed together with the current operating status The message is followed by the current power and the current PV voltage Finally the accumulated yield of the device since installation is displayed together with the total operating hours Energy produced today and current operating status Current AC power and AC voltage Total energy yield and total operating hours 6 12 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Messages of the Sunny Display in Case of a Failure In case of a failure the Sunny Display switches to Failure and the background illumination is activated The upper line indicates one of the three following failure types Disturbance A condition is only considered as a Disturbance as long as the reasons f
39. bout how to change the grid monitoring parameters of your Sun ny Boy If the grid frequency is within the tolerable range and you still observe the failure message Fac Bfr or Fac Srr contact SMA Disturbance GFDI Fuse Open The GFDI Fuse is defective or open Error Imax Overcurrent on the AC side This failure code is indicated in case the current to the AC grid exceeds the specification This may happen in case of harmfull interference on the grid If you observe F lmax often check your grid For as sistance contact SMA Disturbance SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 7 3 Error Code K1 Close K1 Open K2 Open Description Relay test failed Contact SMA for assistance Error Type MSD Time out BFR or SSR controller failure MSD VAC MSD FAC MSD Idif Internal measurement comparison error The Sunny Boy measured values of BFR and SRR are too different from each other OFFSET Grid monitoring self test failed Error ROM The internal test of the Sunny Boy Control system firmware failed Contact SMA in case you observe this failure often Error Shut Down Internal over current continuous Error Vac Bfr Vac Srr The AC grid voltage is exceeding the permissible range Bfr or Srr is an internal message and is not important for the user can also result from a disconnected grid or a disconnected AC
40. ca SB700U 11 SE3207 Sunny SensorBox The Sunny SensorBox is a useful extension for the Sunny Webbox which can monitor weather conditions It is equipped with an integrated insolation and temperature sensor and can be connected to numerous additional sensors for the measurement of module temperature ambient temperature wind speed humidity and more Sunny Portal The Sunny Portal is a high performance interface from SMA for the monitoring and presentation of your system on the Internet Details can be obtained directly from www SUNNY PORTAL com For more information and assistance in choosing the right data option for your system please visit the SMA America web site SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 17 Measuring Channels and Messages The communication options support a number of measuring channels and messages from the Sunny Boy inverters The following abbreviations are used BFR Betriebsf hrungsrechner Sequential Control System SRR Stromregelungsrechner Current Control System Measuring Channels Vpv Vpv Setpoint lac Vac Fac Pac Vpv PE Temperature Ipv Max Temperature Max Vpv E Total E total h Total h total h on Power On Event Cnt PV input voltage desired input voltage of the Vpv control current to the grid grid voltage grid frequency power fed to grid PV voltage to earth for troubleshooting PV ground faults Temperature measured at IGBT module
41. cable The Sunny Boy assumes that the public grid is down and disconnects from the grid in order to avoid islanding Check the grid voltage and the grid cable connection in the Sunny Boy enclosure If the grid voltage is out of range due to your local grid conditions contact the utility compa ny and ask if it is possible to modify the utility conditions If the grid voltage is within the tolerable range and you still observe the failure message VacBfr or Vac Srr contact SMA Disturbance VpvMax DC input voltage above the tolerable maximum value Warning Watchdog Watchdog for operation control triggered Contact SMA for assistance Error 74 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Section 8 Technical Specifications FCC Compliance Information Sunny Boy Utility Interactive Inverter Model SB700U This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy
42. connection frequency trip time Default value is optimal for installations 30 kW 200000 Total operating hours h Total of the inverter Changing the value can be necessary when a Sunny Boy is exchanged and you wish to match the previously acquired data 6 24 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Default Description Memory Function no function No Default param Sets all parameters to default default param function Reset Op Data Sets all parameters that are reset Op Data visible in user level to default values Reset errors Reset errors Resets all permanent device disable dBh and the failure EarthCurMax occurs To remove this failure follow the steps in Section 5 Commissioning the Sunny Boy Operating Mode MPP Operation Operating Mode of the Sunny Boy Turbine MPP Operation Maximum Power Point V const Turbine Operating mode for wind power Stop plants V const Constant Voltage Mode Setpoint defined in Vconst Setval Stop Disconnection from utility no operation Maximum power output of the inverter The time the inverters waits to connect to the grid after Vpv Start is exceeded This value defaults to 5 minutes after a utility fault T Stop al Time that the Sunny Boy wait until it disconnects from the grid Vac Min m Lower Vac Min and upper Vac Max limit of allowable AC voltage Default value is optimal Vac Max BR for installations lt 30 kW
43. current from PV panels Max temperature measured at IGBT module Max PV input voltage Error current total energy yield total operation hours h on indicates how long sufficient DC voltage has been applied to the Sunny Boy and the Sunny Boy has been active including the time it was not able to feed to the utility with respect to too low voltage or operation in stop mode total system start ups Event counter 6 18 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Serial Number CO2 saved Mode Error Sunny Boy serial number CO2 saved in operation time operating mode description of fault Operating Mode Stop Offset Waiting Grid monitoring MPP Search MPP V Const Derating Disturbance Error manual system stop offset calibration of the electronics at start up grid switching on conditions are not fulfilled yet checking grid grid impedance PV voltage is determined and set Sunny Boy is in MPP mode Sunny Boy is in constant voltage mode reduction of the grid feeding power A condition is only considered a Disturbance for as long as the reasons for this condition still are present A condition is considered an Error whenever the inverter cannot restart without user interaction SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 19 Sunny Boy 700U Operating Parameters CAUTION Any unauthorized modifications of the operating parameters can Result in serious injuries or casualties due to altered intern
44. e sensitive electronic components Locating Internal Components Figure 4 1shows the internal components of the Sunny Boy 7000 Refer to this illustration whenever you need to locate a component to complete a step of the installation procedure SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 3 Terminal for optional Socket for optional communication communication Piggy Back RS 485 Firmware EPROM RS 485 or wireless Display DC Range Configuration Plug SEHEN DC Range Configuration Jumper LEDs for status display AC Line Terminals DC DC GFDI Ground NI Terminol Terminal Fuse Holder Terminal input from input from PE PV array PV array Figure 4 1 Sunny Boy 7000 Internal Component Locator The DC input from the PV array via the DC disconnect enclosure and the output to the AC utility grid connect to the inverter inside the Sunny Boy s case These internal AC and DC wiring terminals see Figure 4 1 accept a maximum wire size of 6 AWG Knockouts are provided on the bottom of the Sunny Boy near each of the terminals for the wires to enter the case Figure 4 2 4 4 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 1 2 DC Knockout GFDI Fuse Communication Cable 1 2 AC Knockout Gland DEN va e um C Figure 4 2
45. ent via RS 485 cable to a remote control unit or to a PC Maximum length of cable is 4000 1200 m An RS 485 232 converter may be necessary for communication with a PC Wireless Data from up to 4 inverters is sent to the Sunny Beam by means of an an tenna installed in the Sunny Boy Communication distance is dependent upon obstruc tions and the radio environment Sunny Data Control This PC application is used to communicate with the Sunny Boy Control products It can be used to monitor multiple inverters download historical system data and adjust system parameters It can also send system data to the Sunny portal server via analog modem or ethernet Sunny Boy Control Plus The Sunny Boy Control Plus provides continuous monitoring and data acquisition of your PV system Sunny Beam The Sunny Beam is a wireless desktop system monitor It works together with the Sunny Beam Piggy Back card and provides wireless communication with up to four Sunny Boys in the PV plant Its graphical display shows a bar chart of actual power production as well as daily and total energy yields in a single window Sunny WebBox The Sunny WebBox is a link between the PV plant and the operator or owner The direct connection to the Sunny Portal via internet gives you entirely new possibilities for data acquisition and evaluation as well as the visualization on a PC with an internet browser No additional software needs to be installed 6 16 SMA Ameri
46. he factor defined in the parameter CO2 Default USA UL1741 2005 OFF_GRID ADJUSTED Used for adjusting the parameters country specific settings Note After changing one of the parameters marked with the parameter Default changes to adjusted automatically E Total 200000 Total energy yield E_Total of the inverter Changing the value can be necessary when a Sunny Boy is exchanged and you wish to match the previously acquired data Fac Delta Maximum allowable frequency above Fac Fac Delta Deltat and below Fac Delta 60 Hz Default value is optimal for installations lt 30 kW Fac MinTripTime Utility interconnection frequency trip time Default value is optimal for installations lt 30 kW h Total 200000 Total operating hours h Total of the inverter Changing the value can be necessary when a Sunny Boy is exchanged and you wish to match the previously acquired data 6 22 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Default Description Memory Function no function No Default param Sets all parameters to default default param function Reset Op Data Sets all parameters that are reset Op Data visible in user level to default values Reset errors Reset errors Resets all permanent device disable dBh and the failure EarthCurMax occurs To remove this failure follow the steps in Section 5 Commissioning the Sunny Boy
47. he inverter is on symmetry resistors between pin 2 Datat the RS 485 bus and only if symmetry of the and 5V and between pin 7 Data and signal is required Symmetry is already Ground provided by the Sunny Boy Control products Jumper installed Installing this jumper puts a 120 Ohm Install jumper A only if the inverter is on one of termination resistor across pin 2 Data the ends of the RS 485 bus Figure 4 9 Detail of RS 485 Termination and Jumper Settings RS 485 Pinouts 2 A Datat 7 B Data 5 SR Signal Ref SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 19 Replacing the Cover When you have finished connecting the AC output wires the DC input wires the grounding wires and the communication cables re check all your connections to ensure that everything is in the right place and that all connections and knockout fittings are secure and properly torqued Check all of the knockout fittings on the bottom of the Sunny Boy to ensure that they provide a weather tight seal WARNING Never apply power to the Sunny Boy with the cover removed WARNING Never install the Sunny Boy during rain or very damp conditions Because the Sunny Boy is completely sealed you must be sure no moisture is trapped inside the enclosure when securing the lid CAUTION Be careful not to misplace the screws or the lock washers that attach the cover to the case as all four screws and lock washers are required to ensure that the cove
48. igure 4 3 shows the potential losses in AC wires with respect to the cross sectional area of the cable and the length of the cable Use this table to determine the best wire size to use for your particular installation The diagram is an example for the SB 700U with a maximum input voltage of 250 V DC 1 5 SMA recommended max voltage drop 10 AWG 6 AWG 12 AWG Figure 4 3 Energy Losses in Various Wire Sizes and Wire Lengths Note The Voltage Drop Calculator tool for calculating the gt potential losses in AC wires is available on www sma ameri ca com The Sunny Boy 7000 is designed to feed 106 V AC to 132 V AC to the utility grid at frequencies from 59 3 Hz to 60 5 Hz Table 4 1 lists the voltage and frequency limits for the AC connection See our web site for additional information Table 4 1 Voltage and Frequency Limits for the AC Connection Voltage Range 106 V 132V Frequency Range 59 3 Hz 60 5 Hz SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 47 Connecting the AC Wires Use the following procedure to connect the AC wires to the Sunny Boy WARNING You must connect the wires that carry the AC voltage from the Sunny Boy to the utility grid in the order described in this procedure Deviating from this procedure could expose you to hazardous voltages that can cause serious injury and or death Turn OFF the main breaker in the main uti
49. imits of allowable AC voltage for fast disconnection Default value is optimal for installations lt 30 kW Vac Min Recnct Vac Max Recnct Values are used to calculate the lower and upper limits to reconnect to the grid after a grid failure Vconst Setval PV Setpoint voltage for constant voltage operation These parameters only are important in case the parameter Operating is set to V const Vpv Start Voltage where the Sunny Boy starts connecting to the grid SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America The following parameters appear in parameter list but connot be modified Table 6 2 Operating Parameters of the Sunny Boy 7000 75 150 V DC fixed Name Default Description Plimit 460 Upper limit of AC output power SMA SN Serial Number of the Sunny Boy Software BFR Firmware version of the operation control unit BER Software SRR Firmware version of the current control unit SRR Table 6 3 Operating Parameters of the Sunny Boy 7000 100 200 V DC changeable Antilsland Ampl Default Description Amplification of the Antilsland process Antilsland Freq Repitition rate of the Antilsland process CO2 Fact The Sunny Boy evaluates the yield and indicates the approximate CO2 emission avoided by your Sunny Boy The amount of CO2 avoided is computed according to the kWh produced E total multiplied by t
50. ithin the unit caused by the sun can result in re duced output from the PV system When the heatsink on the top of the Sunny Boy is ex posed to direct sunlight the inverter operates in Derate Mode which reduces the output power of the system to keep the heatsink temperature below 158 F 70 The inverter must be installed in a location that is inaccessible to children The Sunny Boy emits a slight vibrating noise when operating This vibration is normal and has no effect on performance but it can be objectionable if the inverter is mounted on a wall in a living area on the outside of a wall that is part of a living area or on certain types of materials such as thin wood panelling or sheet metal IF the inverter is installed outside it must be mounted vertically or with the top tilted to wards the back To ensure optimum energy yield and ease of operation mount the invert er vertically and at eye level see Figure 3 1 Vertical Best Tilted Back Tilted Forward _ Acceptoble Unacceptable Figure 3 1 Sunny Boy Mounting Positions CAUTION The Sunny Boy 700U weighs 16kg 36 Ib Ensure that the surface on which you mount the Sunny Boy is strong enough to hold the weight Do not mount the Sunny Boy on plasterboard sheetrock or thin wood panelling CAUTION All electrical conduits and any communication cables must be positioned and or sealed so that no water can enter the inverter enclosure through these
51. lity breaker box If you are replacing an existing inverter disconnect the wires for the AC line you are working with in the breaker box Install a V inch conduit fitting in the Sunny Boy s AC wiring knockout the knockout farthest to the right on the bottom of the Sunny Boy as shown in Figure 4 2 on page 4 5 Fasten the fitting on the inside of the Sunny Boy with the nut supplied with the fitting Install 1 2 inch conduit between the main breaker box and the Sunny Boy s AC wiring knockout Pull the AC wires through the conduit from the interior of the breaker box to the interior of the Sunny Boy IS Note Refer to Figure 4 4 on page 4 9 for steps 7 through 8 7 8 9 CAUTION Avoid using wire nuts lo join any wires together or to make any connections anywhere in the PV system Wire nuts are a frequent cause of unreliable connections resistive connections and ground faults Connect the equipment grounding wire to the terminal labeled PE in the Sunny Boy and tighten to a torque of 15 in lbs Connect the L1 AC line wire to the terminal labeled L in the Sunny Boy Connect the N AC neutral wire to the terminal labeled N in the Sunny Boy Fasten the wires while applying a torque of 15 in lbs 10 Verify that all connections are correctly wired and properly torqued 4 8 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 L1 AC Line wire connected to L terminal mm mmm cm mm mu
52. lure Figure 6 1 The Sunny Boy LED Status Indicator 6 2 SMA America SB700U 11 SE3207 LED Operation Indicators Standby Night Betrieb Operation e Xs Erdschluss All LED ff Earth Fault e Storung Failure The inverter is in standby mode because the input voltage is too low for operation Initialization Betrieb Operation S Erdschluss All LEDs are on Earth Fault St rung 1 Failure The inverter is initializing The power from the array is sufficient to operate the control but not yet powerful enough to begin feeding the grid Data transmission is not possible during initialization Occasionally during inclimate weather or low solar radiation the LEDs may all turn on at once and then go off again This indicates that the inverter is trying to initialize but the power available from the array is not sufficient to operate This is not a malfunction SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 3 Stopped Betrieb Operation ya 1 5 Erdschluss Earth Fault e Green LED blinks three times per second St rung Failure The inverter has stopped operating while there is sufficient power available to calibrate its internal systems Typically the calibration lasts less than 10 seconds and then the inverter resumes normal operation This status can also be adjusted manually operating mode Stop Waiting Betrieb 5 Operation
53. mimm Fre mm N AC Neutral wire connected to N terminal Equipment ground wire connected to PE terminal Figure 4 4 AC Connection Terminals SB700U 11 SE3207 SMA America 49 Wiring the DC Input This subsection provides procedures for configuring the Sunny Boy s DC input voltage range and for wiring the DC input from the PV array via the DC disconnect enclosure to the Sunny Boy Figure 4 5 shows a simplified wiring diagram of a PV system 250 Vdc Boy To 120 Vac DC Disconnect 60 Hz System Enclosure via Approved Disconnect Figure 4 5 Simplified Electrical Wiring Diagram of a PV System DC Connection Requirements All electrical installations DC and Protective Earth N PE must be done in accordance with all local electrical codes and with the National Electrical Code NEC ANSI NFPA 70 Use for all DC wiring connections to the Sunny Boy 6 10 AWG 90 C 194 F solid or stranded copper wire Use for all Protective Earth PE wiring connections to the Sunny Boy 6 14 AWG 90 C 194 F solid or stranded copper wire WARNING The DC disconnect for the inverter must AA have a minimum rating of 250 V DC and 18 A con tinuous 4 10 SMA America SB700U 1 1 SE3207
54. nd compare the code with the blinking codes in chapter 6 Check and record the exact Mode and Error messages on the LCD display or oth er communication system if installed Take appropriate action to correct the issue If necessary check the DC and AC voltages at terminals inside the inverter Be sure to observe all of the safety precautions listed throughout this manual when doing so or hire a qualified professional If the system problem persists contact technical support at 530 273 4895 Ext 101 In order to better assist you when contacting SMA America please provide the following information This information is required before removing the inverter from service and prior to making a warranty claim Information Regarding the Sunny Boy Serial number Model number Short description of the problem Blinking code chapter 6 What error code is indicated Provided a communication option is installed AC line voltage DC line voltage Check GFDI fuse Can you reproduce the failure If yes how Has this problem occurred in the past What were the ambient conditions when the problem occurred SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 7 1 Information Regarding the PV modules Manufacturer and model of the module Output power of the module Open circuit voltage Voc of the module Number of modules in each string If it becomes necessary to send the Sunny Boy back to the manufacturer for service please ship it in
55. omeone help you when you unpack the Sunny Boy If you need assistance in dealing with a damaged Sunny Boy contact your SMA dealer or SMA America Contact information for SMA America is provided below SMA America Incorporated 12438 C Loma Rica Drive Grass Valley California 95945 Tel 530 273 4895 Fax 530 274 7271 www sma america com SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 2 1 2 2 SMA AmericaSB700U 11 SE3207 Section 3 Mounting the Sunny Boy This section provides guidelines to help you select the best mounting location cautions and warnings that you should follow to avoid injury and or equipment damage and step by step instructions for mounting a Sunny Boy 7000 inverter WARNING To avoid injury lift the Sunny Boy careful ly and handle it carefully to prevent the weight of the inverter from causing you to lose your balance and fall If possible have someone help you when you mount the Sunny Boy Note Occasionally the rating label on the Sunny Boy will I need to be referred to For this reason it is required that the inverter be mounted so that the rating label on the side of the inverter be visible SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 3 1 Choosing a Mounting Location Consider the following guidelines cautions and warnings when choosing a mounting location for a Sunny Boy inverter The Sunny Boy 700U should be installed in a location where it is not exposed to direct sunlight since the higher temperature w
56. or this condition still are present Error A condition is considered as an Error in case the inverter cannot restart without user interac tion The bottom line indicates the type of a failure for 5 seconds Indication of a failure and failure type Failures that result from a specific value that e g exceeds a limiting are specified with the value that caused the failure as well as the current value Display of the value that caused the failure and the current value The normal operating data is displayed after 5 seconds The display starts from the beginning again in case the failure is still present For detailed information concerning the failure messages have a look to Measuring Channels and Messages page 6 18 Error ROM indicates that the Sunny Boy has detected a defective firmware in the EEPROM Contact SMA in order to remove this failure Indication of defective fimware SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 6 13 Indication of DC Overvaltage A too high voltage on the input DC side is indicated Br with a blinking background illumination and the display h He sid Indication of an overvoltage on one shown on the side of the DC input connectors WARNING Disconnect the inverter from the supply voltage immediately otherwise it can be severely dam aged Check the input voltage and your module configuration before you reconnect the DC voltage to the inverter again 6 14 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207
57. r death and or damage to the equipment This symbol appears beside instructions and warnings that deal with dangerous voltages that can injure or kill people who come in contact with them This symbol appears beside instructions cautions and warnings that deal with portions of the equipment that can operate at temperatures high enough to cause burns gt iv SMA America SB700U 11 SE3207 Cautions and Warnings WARNING A Warning describes a hazard to person nel It calls attention to a procedure or practice which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the SMA equipment and or other equipment connected to the SMA equipment or personal injury CAUTION A Caution describes a hazard to equipment It calls attention to an operating procedure or practice which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in dam age to or destruction of part or all of the SMA equipment and or other equipment connected to the SMA equipment Warnings and Cautions may also be accompanied by one or more of the safety and hazard symbols described above to indicate the type of hazard described therein Other Symbols In addition to the safety and hazard symbols described on the previous pages the following two symbols are also used in this Installation Guide This symbol accompanies notes that call attention to supplementary gt information that you should know and
58. r is grounded properly and is fully sealed to the case Handle the cover carefully as even minor damage to the cover could result in an inadequate seal between the cover and the case thus allowing moisture to enter the case and damage the sensitive electronic compo nents Use the following procedure to replace the cover on the Sunny Boy 1 Check wire dress to ensure that no wires can interfere with proper sealing of the cover and that no pressure will be exerted on the connections when the cover is replaced 2 Locate the four screws and lock washers you removed to take the cover off the Sunny Boy Make sure you have all four screws and lock washers as all of this hardware is necessary to ensure proper grounding and a weather ight seal 3 Check the seal on the inside of the cover to ensure it is undamaged and in the correct position 4 Carefully position the cover on the front of the Sunny Boy so that the four holes in the cover are aligned correctly with the four threaded holes in the case Note Be sure when reinstalling the four screws that the lock gt washers are installed correctly The teeth of the washers 4 20 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 should face the LID 5 While holding the cover in place carefully insert the four screws with lock washers through the holes in the cover into the threaded holes in the case and turn them in until they are finger tight Be careful not to cross thread any of the screws
59. raphical errors arithmetical errors or listing errors in the content material Revision History Reason 0 1 Sept 2 2003 Mike Brazil Alpha draft 0 2 Oct 16 2003 Mike Brazil Beta draft 0 3 Nov 12 2003 Jeffrey Philpott Preliminary Release 1 0 March 22 2004 Gerald Salisbury First official version 1 1 March 2 2007 Diana Welzel Adjustment for new Certification SMA America Incorporated 12438 C Loma Rica Drive Grass Valley California 95945 Tel 530 273 4895 Fax 530 274 7271 www sma america com SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America iii IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS This manual contains important instructions for the Sunny Boy 7000 that must be follewed during installation and maintenance of the inverter The Sunny Boy is designed and tested according to international safety requirements but as with all electrical and electronic equipment certain precautions must be observed when installing and or operating the Sunny Boy To reduce the risk of personal injury and to ensure the safe installation and operation of the Sunny Boy you must carefully read and follow all instructions cautions and warnings in this Installation Guide Safety and Hazard Symbols This symbol is used to call attention to important information that you must have when installing and or operating the Sunny Boy Failure to read and follow instructions marked with this symbol could result in injury o
60. rranty e oo a e a gt 1 2 j oo T DC DE L N Put jumper here for 100 V DC to 200 V DC Put jumper here for 75 V DC to 150 V DC Use no jumper for 125 V DC to 250 V DC Figure 4 6 Configuring the DC Input Voltage Range Note The Sunny Boy 7000 is shipped from the factory with I the DC input voltage range configured for 125 V DC to 250 V DC Do not discard the jumper when the Sunny Boy is set for 125 V DC to 250 V DC Store the jumper on a single emply pin in case it is needed later see Table 4 2 4 12 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Table 4 2 DC InputVoltage Range Configuration DC Range DC Range Configuration DC Range Configuration 125 V DC to 250 V DC jumper in storage position same as no jumper 100 V DC to 200 V DC 75 V DC to 150 V DC Table 4 3 Voltage Range Specifications for the Sunny Boy 7000 DC Rated Maximum Maximum Configuration AC Current AC Current AC Power 125 V DC to 250 V DC 100 V DC to 200 V DC 75 V DC to 150 V DC Note Use the online string sizing calculator at lt www sma Rs america com gt to determine the correct string configuration see Figure 4 7 To navigate to the string sizing calculator click String Sizing in the menu bar on the right side of
61. safe operation WARNING Disconnect the PV array from the Sunny Boy immediately High input voltage can permanently damage the inverter Have the PV array checked by a qualified technician SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 69 Inverter Fault Betrieb Operation Yellow LED is blinking 5 EU e times in short intervals Earth Fault voy St rung loo Pee EM Failure 5s 3s Ts ls Ts The signal is repeated 3 times and then starts from the beginning The yellow LED is on for 5 seconds remains off for 3 seconds and then blinks 5 times The code is repeated 3 times If the condition remains the code will continue to be sent The inverter has encountered a condition that makes it impossible to return to normal operation and will most likely require servicing CAUTION The Sunny Boy must be serviced only by a qualified technician 6 10 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Status Messages on the Display The Sunny Boy 7000 is optionally equipped with the Sunny Display LCD in the lid The background illumination is activated by slightly knocking on the lid Knocking once more activates the next message on the display Figure 6 2 Display of the Sunny Boy 700U Activation of the Background Illumination The background illumination is automatically deactivated after 2 minutes Messages of the Sunny Display During Initialization The following messages are displ
62. scribe how to connect one Sun gt ny Boy inverter to on RS 485 bus For information on connect ing more than one inverter to an RS 485 bus please see Technical Note RS 485 Communication in the Tech Up dates section of our web site at www sma america com 1 Connect the three insulated wires of the RS 485 cable to terminals 2 5 and 7 of the communication terminal block Record the wire color used for each of the terminals 2 Connect the shield of the cable to the Sunny Boy s case 4 18 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 3 Install a jumper in position A the bottom set of pins on the communication jumper block to set it for termination Note The termination of the other end of the RS 485 cable I will depend on what type of device you re connecting to For detailed information please see the Tech Updates section of our web site at www sma america com There you will find tech notes on all of the Sunny Boy communication options Jumper Configuration for RS 485 Communication RS 485 Piggy Back Communication Module Signal Symmetry and Termination Jumpers Terminal Block for RS 485 Connections Jumpers B amp C Installed Installing these jumpers puts 680 Ohm NOTE Install jumpers B amp C after t
63. system and wait a mini mum of 5 minutes for the Sunny Boy to completely discharge before connecting any wires to the Sunny Boy or disconnecting any wires from the Sunny Boy Failure to do so could expose you to lethal voltages that can cause serious injury and or death CAUTION Verify the polarity and the open circuit volt age from the PV strings before you connect the DC wires to the Sunny Boy Applying an open circuit DC input volt age that exceeds the maximum for the currently config ured DC input voltage range or has reversed polarity will cause irreversible damage to the Sunny Boy and void the warranty Always configure the DC input voltage range correctly before connecting the DC input wires from the PV array to the Sunny Boy see Configuring the DC Input Voltage Range on page 4 11 Check both the polarity and the open circuit voltage from the PV strings SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 4 15 Use the following procedure to connect the DC wires to the Sunny Boy 1 2 Open the DC disconnect in the DC disconnect enclosure Verify that the main breaker in the main utility breaker box is OFF Install a V inch conduit fitting in the Sunny Boy s DC wiring knockout The DC knockout is the one farthest to the left on the bottom of the Sunny Boy as shown in Figure 4 2 page 4 5 and Figure 4 8 page 4 16 Fasten the fitting on the inside of the Sunny Boy with the nut supplied with the fitting
64. ter will then resume normal operation PV Series Fusing Series fusing may be required depending on the type of PV module used in the system See NEC 690 9 Interconnection Code Compliance The Sunny Boy has been tested and certified by UL to meet the requirements of UL1741 Static Inverters and Charge Controllers for use in Photovoltaic Power Systems as well as IEEE 929 2000 Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic Systems and IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems The Sunny Boy is also UL listed under UL1741 for use in Canada SB7OOU 11 SE3207 SMA America 1 3 UL1741 is the standard applied by Underwriters Laboratories to the Sunny Boy to certify that it meets the requirements of the C UL US NEC IEEE 929 2000 IEEE 929 2000 provides recommendations regarding the proper equipment and functionality necessary to ensure compatible operation when power generation is connected to the utility grid Note Contact the local utility and or the authority having gt jurisdiction prior to connecting the Sunny Boy to the utility grid FCC Compliance The Sunny Boy has been tested and certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory and conforms to all FCC Part 15 B EMI EMC emissions regulations Feature Overview Over twenty years of inverter manufacturing experience has gone into the design of the Sunny Boy As a result the Sunny Boy represents state of
65. wer Mounting Method Please select the mounting method for the array Mounted flat against the roof Temperature Data If you do not know the hottest and coldest ambient temperatures that you should select for your area please enter the 5 digit postal ZIP code of the address of the installation here and then _ Click Here Select the coldest record low ambient Select the hottest average high ambient temperature when sunlight will be on the temperature when sunlight will be onthe Imperial units Metric units array array 32 F 104 F v 3 Results 1 string 2 string 3 string ions configurati i a m zl El Get Sizes Clear Print Results Predicted Gutputs Some derating possible Some derating likely with out Install a Sunny Breeze Kit to adequate air flow prevent derating B Lokales intranet Figure 4 7 Online String Configuration Calculator at lt www sma america com gt 4 14 SMA America SB7OOU 11 SE3207 Connecting the DC Wires WARNING You must connect the wires that carry the DC voltage from the PV array to the Sunny Boy in the order described in the following procedure Deviating from this procedure could expose you to lethal voltages that can cause serious injury and or death WARNING PV arrays are energized when ex posed to light Use safe working practices when working on PV arrays WARNING Always turn OFF all AC and DC break ers and switches in the PV
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