Mac and Apple Terminology
Contents
1. Clone A copy of your entire hard drive that is contained ona separate drive Backup software such as Carbon Copy Cloner or SuperDuper must be used to create a clone Clones can be a vital part of any backup plan since they can be used if your main hard drive fails Close 36 W Found under the File menu Used to put away documents or close folders Use either the quick key combination or select the Close menu command It will not cause a program to quit with the exception of Control Panel programs Command key The key with the Apple and or clover leaf 3 symbol usually next to the space bar Mainly used where you would use the Control key on Windows Command clicking Refers to holding down the Command key and clicking the left or single mouse button Console A Mac OS X diagnostic tool Applications gt Utilities gt Console that allows you to view various log files such as the system log and mail server log Contacts Contacts allows you to create and maintain a centralized repository of addresses and phone numbers that other software programs can access and use It is one of the applications that Apple bundles with Mac OS X Content Filter A content filter allows you to control the web sites that younger family members can visit Content filters are a common feature of web filtering software which may also include time management and other features Mac OS X includes content filters in the form of managed user ac2. from any previous backup that exists on the backup disk Toolbars Areas containing tools specific to that program found at the edges of the screen Individual tools are selected by clicking them Trash The Mac s Trash can temporarily holds any files and folders that you have deleted You can delete a file or folder by dragging it to the Trash icon in the Dock To delete the contents of the Trash permanently right click or Control click the Trash icon and choose Empty Trash Trojan Horse A Trojan horse is a program usually malicious that attempts to trick you into installing it by pretending to be something else If it s successful the Trojan can then carry out whatever task it was designed to do such as provide unauthorized access to and control of your computer USB USB Universal Serial Bus is a uniform connector designed to simplify the process of connecting peripherals such as printers or keyboards to a computer User Name A name given you by Computing Services for your User Partition The name is some mix of your first and last names Virus A virus is a software program usually designed to cause harm that is installed and run without your knowledge VMware Fusion A Mac application that lets you install Microsoft Windows in a virtual machine computer on your Mac You can then run Windows apps and Mac apps at the same time See also Parallels Desktop VoiceOver A Mac OS X accessibility feature that allows use
3. High Definition Media Interface a compact audio video interface for transferring uncompressed video data and compressed uncompressed digital audio from a HDMI compliant device HDMI ports are available on newer macs Home folder The top level folder for storing your documents and other data Each user on a Mac has their own Home folder located inside the Users folder HTML HTML is a markup language that specifies the formatting of the content of web pages including text images and links HTML tells a browser how to display a page Icon A shape representing a document program or disk It may look like a folder or a program graphic iLife Apple s suite of personal media apps Contains iPhoto for photo cataloguing and basic editing iMovie for movie editing iDVD for DVD authoring and GarageBand for music composition iMovie Apple s movie editing software part of the iLife suite iMac The original iMac was an egg shaped all in one desktop Mac with a built in color CRT display The iMac has undergone many changes during the years and is now available in both 21 and 27 models iPad and iPad mini Apple versions of a tablet display that offers many of the same functions of a computer but is lightweight easily hand held readily stored and operates on iOS iPad currently is 9 5 x 7 31 The mini version is 7 8 x 5 3 Each is available in Wi Fi and Wi Fi plus Cellular versions in a range of storage
4. Log On another term for Logging In Login Items Applications documents or other things that you want to open automatically whenever you log in To set up a login item choose Apple menu gt System Preferences gt Accounts gt Login Items then click the 2B button Mac Mini Fully functioning desktop computer in 1 5 x 7 7 square enclosure Offers fast desktop Mac performance at minimal cost Requires separate monitor keyboard etc Also available in server version MacBook Pro The MacBook Pro is Apple s professional line of laptop Mac computers First introduced in January of 2006 the MacBook Pro was the second computer from Apple to make the transition from the PowerPC processor to processors supplied by Intel Magic Mouse Multi touch area covers the top surface and the mouse itself is the button Scroll in any direction with one finger swipe through web pages and photos with two and click and double click anywhere Inside Magic Mouse is a chip that tells it exactly what you want to do Uses laser tracking that s far superior to traditional optical tracking Magic Trackpad Multi touch trackpad designed to work with Mac desktop computers Supports full set of gestures giving you a whole new way to control and interact with what s on your screen Inertial scrolling makes moving up and down a document more natural than ever Connects to your Mac via Bluetooth Use in place of or in conjunction with Magic Mouse on any Ma
5. main button on the mouse used for the majority of actions This is usually the left button or the only button on one button mice but this can be changed by choosing Apple menu gt System Preferences gt Keyboard amp Mouse gt Mouse and clicking Right for the Primary mouse button option Print Found under the File menu 3 P Used to print the present open document Program another name for a computer application Public folder A folder in each Mac user s Home folder that is readable but not writable by all other users on the same Mac or another Mac on the same network This allows you to share selected files and folders with other people QuickTime An Apple technology capable of handling audio video images and other media in various formats The QuickTime Player app uses these technologies to allow media to be played back Quit Found under the File menu OQ when working in an application Used to stop all activity in that program and go back to the desktop RAID Redundant Array of Independent Devices OS X supports several different techniques for storing data on multiple drives to increase the performance and increase overall reliability RAM RAM Random Access Memory is a computer s main memory RAM temporarily stores parts of the operating system and any applications you run to allow faster access to data Restore In terms of computers and backup software a restore is the process of recovering data fr
6. the data generated by operating a program Dock The Dock is a ribbon of icons that serves several purposes You can launch an application from its icon in the Dock check the Dock to see which applications are currently active and add icons to the Dock for easy access to your favorite applications folders and files Double click Two fast clicks of the Mouse Button Used to open documents and Launch applications May also be used to select a word in a text document instead of click dragging over the word Drag Used in conjunction with a click of the mouse Moves the selected item to a new location or moves the cursor across text or data in a sound file Eject Ejects the disk in the Disk Drive eSATA eSATA External SATA a special cable and connector used when SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment devices are housed in external enclosures File Menu Found at the top of the Macintosh screen it is used to open or close documents as well as print save amp quit operations Finder The app that lets you view and manipulate files and folders It s the first app you see when you first log in to your Mac You can switch to the Finder by clicking the Finder icon on the left hand side of the Dock Firewall A firewall is a barrier that prevents unauthorized access to a computer or network A firewall may be hardware based software based or a combination of hardware and software FireWire FireWire is a high speed serial
7. Mac OS X the Mac s hard disk appears as an external disk on another Mac connected via a FireWire cable This allows the contents of the first Mac s hard disk to be accessed even if the Mac isn t capable of booting for example if the OS has become corrupted To activate hold down the T key while starting the Mac TB Terabyte a unit of measurement of storage A terabyte is a thousand gigabytes though it can sometimes be slightly higher than this depending on interpretation One byte is enough to store a single letter of the alphabet Commonly used to refer to hard disk size Terminal A Mac app Applications gt Utilities gt Terminal that lets you give textual commands to your Mac rather than using a graphical interface Often used to perform low level maintenance or configuration tasks TextEdit A Mac app that is included with Mac OS X that can create and edit plain text and rich text documents Thunderbolt Revolutionary I O technology that supports high resolution displays and high performance data devices through a single compact port It sets new standards for speed flexibility and simplicity Move data to and from peripherals up to 20 times faster than with USB 2 0 and up to 12 times faster than with FireWire 800 Time Machine Apple s backup utility included in Mac OS X When enabled it regularly backs up your files and application data to an external or network hard disk You can later retrieve the files or data
8. OMUG Home Mac and Apple Terminology Definitions of common terms words and technical jargon associated with Apple and the Macintosh computer To find a term quickly use F Command Key 2B F to open a search box and type in the term Keyboard Symbols shift key amp command key control key X option key gt tab key escape key Definitions e 64 bit Architecture 64 bit refers to the number of bits that make up the structure of various parts of a processor s architecture These structures usually include the data bus address bus and internal registers e dmg file A file containing a virtual disk that you can access by double clicking the file s icon Commonly used to bundle an application s install files into a single easy to download package e Activity Monitor A Mac OS X utility Applications gt Utilities gt Activity Monitor that lets you view the resources being used by your computer e Adware Adware is a type of spyware that collects information about your buying habits as well as the web sites you visit Adware uses the information it collects to display advertising in your web browser or other applications that is keyed to your particular interests AirPort Apple s name for the common Wi Fi protocols 802 11b 802 11g and 802 11n used to network Macs and or PCs together wirelessly Alias Aliases are small files that point to other files in the Macintosh file system Like
9. applications rewrite the entire file each time Mac OS X unlike PCs automatically defrags files and therefore does require special software to do this job SSD drives do not need to be defragged Demo Software A demo is a trial version of a software program that you can use for a specified period of time before you decide whether or not to buy it Desktop The Desktop folder and the Mac desktop provide two different views of the same information The desktop is the first thing you see after you log in to your Mac Dialog Box a window that appears after selecting an action that requires additional information or prompting from the operator You must answer the query found in the box before you may proceed to the next step s Disk image A file containing a virtual disk that you can access by double clicking the file s icon Commonly used to bundle an application s install files into a single easy to download package Disk Utility A general purpose Mac OS X utility Applications gt Utilities gt Disk Utility for manipulating hard disks CDs DVDs and disk images Features include verifying and repairing hard disks creating and burning disk images formatting disks and erasing disks Driver A driver is a small software program designed to allow a piece of hardware such as a printer to communicate with a computer and its operating system Drivers are operating system specific as well as device specific Document
10. c computer Malware Malware or malicious software is any type of software that is designed to cause damage disrupt activities provide unauthorized access to a computer or network or collect data about you without your knowledge Menu Bar The Mac OS X menu bar is a thin horizontal bar that spans the top of the Mac desktop The menu bar always contains the Apple menu identified by an Apple logo icon as well as the basic File Edit View Windows and Help menu items The menu bar may also contain items placed there by currently active applications Unlike the Dock the menu bar cannot be moved to other locations Menu Select Click and drag down to the desired menu item release the mouse to activate the command Messages Apple s instant messaging software is included with Mac OS X Messages supports video audio and standard text based messaging MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface a technical standard that describes a protocol digital interface and connectors allows a wide variety of electronic musical instruments computers and other devices to connect and communicate with one another A single MIDI link can carry up to sixteen channels of information each of which can be routed to a separate device MIDI interfaces are particularly useful for using Garageband Mountain Lion OS X 10 8 Mountain Lion more formally known as OS X 10 8 is the eighth in the series of Unix based operating systems from Apple Mo
11. capacities iPhone Apple s smartphone that revolutionized mobile phone communication Using iOS the current version features retina display faster wireless performance superb camera in a very thin lightweight design iPhoto Apple s photo editing software part of the iLife suite iPod touch Retina display with similar to iPhone smart functions but without phone capability other than through Wi Fi Uses iOS Camera feature is inferior to iPhone iTunes Apple s free music management app shipped with Mac OS X and also available for Windows iTunes is also used to sync various Apple devices such as iPods and iPhones with Macs or PCs Inkjet Printer An inkjet printer uses specially designed print heads that can spray ink directly onto paper in specific patterns Most inkjet printers are four color printers cyan magenta yellow black although six color and eight color printers are also available Incremental Backup Most backup software performs two basic types of backups full and incremental An incremental backup only copies data that is new or has changed since the last time the same data set was backed up iWork Apple s suite of Mac office apps Features Pages a word processor Numbers a spreadsheet app and Keynote a presentation app Java a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995 There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unles
12. cation An application is a software program designed to perform one or more computer functions AppleScript An easy to learn scripting language that you can use to automate tasks on your Mac AppleScript programs can issue commands to most Mac apps making it easy to automate tasks such as opening editing and saving documents Archive and Install A method of upgrading or re installing the Mac OS X operating system The existing system files are moved to a Previous System folder and new system folders are created Automator Like AppleScript Automator lets you automate repetitive tasks by issuing commands to applications running on your Mac A set of commands is known as a workflow Automator is very easy to learn since it uses a graphical interface to construct workflows Backup A backup is a copy of one or more of your computer data files You can back up your data manually by copying files from your hard drive to another hard drive or to removable media You can also use backup software to automate the process of backing up your files You can also backup your files to online sites using companies like BackBlaze CrashPlan or Carbonite Backspace Delete Key Used to erase selected items or letters to the left of the blinking cursor Bluetooth A wireless technology designed for transmitting data over short distances between 1 and 100 are Bluetooth enabled Boot Camp A utililty that comes with Mac OS X allowing you to i
13. counts Control clicking Refers to holding down the Control key and clicking the left or single mouse button Has the same effect as right clicking with a 2 button mouse Copy Found under the Edit menu 3 C Used after selecting a portion of text sound etc to be copied Selection is most often accomplished by click dragging over the item Crash When a program encounters an error in its operation it may freeze up and stop working The program may even automatically quit When this happens it is advisable to quit all other programs and restart the computer thus refreshing the operating system and restarting the programs from scratch Cursor The blinking line found at the active point of keyboard input It is repositioned by mouse clicking in a new position pointed to by the Mouse Arrow Cut Found under the Edit menu X Used to erase a selected area or object from a document This action places the cut item in temporary memory clip board that can be pasted into other areas and or documents Dashboard Dashboard creates a special layer in the Mac OS X operating system for running mini applications called widgets Data the digital information generated by the computer program being operated It is saved onto your personal data disk or your User Partition Defrag Fragmentation is caused by continually appending data to existing files especially with resource forks With faster hard drives and better caching many
14. interface used by computers camcorders set top boxes and the professional audio and video industry to interconnect equipment and computers Flash drive Consists of a small data storage device with USB connector which can be carried in a pocket or on a keychain USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable Drives of up to 256 GB are available and storage capacities as large as 2 TB are planned Also known by other names ie thumb drive Flash storage Essentially a really big USB memory stick instead of using a standard Hard Drive which stores information on disks inside the drive Flash is very fast reliable durable and only takes minimal space Flash memory looks pretty much like RAM sticks Also see SSD Folder Similar to a file cabinet folder it is used to contain related documents Force Quit Stop an application running immediately Force quitting is useful if an application has hung become unresponsive and is displaying the spinning beach ball of doom To force quit an app switch to another app such as the Finder then choose Force Quit from the Apple menu Fusion drive The Apple developed technology combines a hard drive with 128 GB of NAND flash storage solid state drive and presents it as a single logical volume with the space of both drives combined The operating system automatically manages the contents of the drive so the most frequently accessed files applications documents photos and o
15. mes resetting the SMC can fix problems that don t respond to other troubleshooting techniques Learn more here http support apple com kb HT3964 Spaces The Spaces feature lets you create multiple versions of your desktop each with its own set of windows and applications For example you might want to create one space for work and one for play You can switch between spaces with the tap of a key or the click of a mouse Spinning beach ball Officially known as the spinning wait cursor The rainbow coloured spinning disc that signifies that an app has become unresponsive Spotlight The Mac s built in search engine accessed by pressing Command Space or clicking the top right magnifying glass icon Allows you to search through your files data music applications and so on Also available on iPhone iPod Touch by swiping to the right on the first Home screen SSD Solid State Drive an alternative to a traditional hard drive and similar to flash storage It is very fast reliable durable and only takes minimal space A SSD uses flash memory sticks inside an enclosure and thus can be connected with SATA Stacks Folder icons in the Dock that when clicked on reveal their contents in a fan grid or list format It s a great way to quickly access the contents of a folder while reducing visual clutter To change the appearance of a stack right click or Control click its icon in the Dock and choose from Fan Grid List or Aut
16. n the Command and Control keys on the keyboard Often used for secondary actions or for entering accented characters May be labelled Alt Option or XV Pages Pages is a full featured word processor included in Apple s iWork office suite Pages comes with over 180 templates and can import and export documents in Microsoft Word format Partition or Partitions Partitions are separate sections of a hard drive Partitioning is the process of physically creating separate sections on a hard drive Parallels Desktop A Mac application that lets you install Microsoft Windows in a virtual machine computer on your Mac You can then run Windows apps and Mac apps at the same time Password A special and unique word that is used to verify that the individual is a registered amp authorized user Paste Found under the Edit menu amp V Used to insert information that was cut or copied from one location to another Also used for making multiple copies of a section or object Preferences file A file that stores an application s user preferences Most preferences files are stored in Library Preferences and end with a plist extension You can access system preferences from the Apple menu and program preferences from the individual program s icon Preview A Mac OS X utility for viewing images and PDF files Preview supports a large number of file formats making it a useful general purpose image viewer Primary mouse button The
17. nstall Windows on your Mac in a separate hard disk partition This allows you to dual boot that is choose to start either Mac OS X or Windows when you start up your Mac Boot Disk A boot disk is a digital data storage medium from which a computer can load and run boot an operating system or utility program The internal drive in a Mac is the boot disk that is normally used to start your computer External disks containing a clone copy can also be used to start your computer Bundle A folder containing related resources that is presented as a single file to the user Applications and plugins are usually grouped as bundles Bundles are convenient to use for example to run an application bundle you just double click the bundle s icon Cache Atemporary storage area for frequently accessed data In mac terms the term Cache usually refers to the files stored in Library Caches Calendar Apple s calendar application that comes with Mac OS X iCal lets you create multiple calendars view each calendar by day week or month add events and appointments to calendars sync your calendars with other people and create To Do items Click One click of the mouse button Used to select a document insert the cursor or activate a tool Click amp Drag to Click and hold down the mouse button while dragging the mouse Done to select objects or to draw amp also used to drag a selected object to a new location or to open a menu
18. om a backup either manually or using backup software Rich Text Format RTF ARTF file can include information such as text style size and color RTF files can include images The nice thing about the RTF format is that it is a universal format meaning it can be read by nearly all word processors Safari Apple s Web browser that ships with Mac OS X and iPhone OS Also available on Windows SATA High Speed Hard Drive Interface SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment has been the hard drive interface method of choice for Macintosh computers since the G5 SATA s advantages over other hard drive interface methods include faster transfer rates thinner and more flexible cabling and easier plug and play connections Save Found under the Edit menu S This updates all data and should be done every few minutes or so if you are working vigorously All changes made to a document after the last save will be lost if there is a crash Scroll Bars the gray shaded strips found at the right side and bottom of all documents They allow you to scroll across documents that are bigger than your viewing area The behavior of scroll bars can be modified using System Preferences gt Mouse or Trackpad gt uncheck Scroll Direction SDXC card Secure Digital eXtended Capacity format supports cards up to 2 TB compared to a limit of 32 GB for SDHC cards in the SD 2 0 specification SDXC host devices accept all previous families of SD mem
19. omatic Startup disk The hard disk containing Mac OS X that is read when your Mac starts up Normally this is the built in hard disk but you can use an Spyware Spyware is any software that has the ability to gather information about a computer user usually without the user s knowledge System File a folder on the computer Hard Drive that contains documents and programs needed to operate the basic systems of the Mac Do not attempt to open or change any of the documents in this folder Anything that may or can be changed in the system is done through the Apple Menu and Control Panels System Preferences A Mac OS X utility that allows you to set various preferences for your Mac It is found by clicking the Apple icon in the upper left corner of your screen Preferences are set via preference panes several panes are installed by default and new ones can be installed by 3rd party software and drivers Default preference panes include Appearance for customizing the look of the Mac interface and Sound for controlling sound effects and input output volume System Profiler A utility Applications gt Utilities gt System Profiler that displays details of your Mac s hardware and configuration Tab Key Used to move text across to fixed points in a document Also used to move the cursor around the desktop items alphabetically or within fields of dialog boxes Target Disk Mode A Mac startup mode whereby instead of booting into
20. ory cards Secondary mouse button The right mouse button used for things such as bringing up contextual menus On a single button mouse you can achieve the same effect by holding Control and clicking the primary left button You can swap over the left and right buttons if desired see Primary mouse button Select single clicking an item or click dragging high lighting a selection of objects Whole words may be selected by double clicking on the word Server The storage area where all the programs and user partitions are kept Shift Key the keyboard shift key Snow Leopard OS X 10 6 Snow Leopard more formally known as OS X 10 6 is the sixth in the series of Unix based operating systems from Apple Software Software includes any program that can be stored and used on a computer The term usually refers to both applications and operating systems Sleep Allows you to turn off your Mac conserving power without actually having to restart the Mac from scratch when you turn it back on Macs support various sleep modes Quick sleep which keeps the memory powered up Deep sleep or hibernation which writes the memory contents to disk and completely powers off the Mac and Safe sleep which keeps the memory powered but also writes the memory contents to disk in case there s a power failure Most desktop Macs default to Quick sleep while most MacBooks default to Safe sleep SMC System Management Controller Someti
21. r interface elements and paragraphs of text to be spoken by the Mac Enable it via Apple menu gt System Preferences gt Universal Access gt Seeing gt VoiceOver Volume A volume is a storage container that has been formatted with a file system that your computer can recognize Common types of volumes include CDs DVDs hard drives and partitions or sections of hard drives This includes the startup disk volume usually called Macintosh HD Wi Fi Wi Fi Wireless Fidelity usually refers to a wireless networking system that uses any of the 802 11 wireless networking protocols Widgets Widgets are small applications that run in a confined environment in OS X known as Dashboard You can easily create your own widgets using basic Web development methods Worm A worm is a form of malware or malicious software A worm is similar to a virus but unlike a virus it doesn t need any help from humans to spread It can spread from computer to computer on its own volition XML XML eXtensible Markup Language like HTML is a language used to design and format web pages XML a subset of SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language offers more flexible formatting options than HTML does
22. s you have Java installed Reportedly java has caused some Macs to crash Keyboard The typewriter style keyboard used to enter text and operate functions in programs LaserWriter Printer The machine that prints your documents Keychain Mac OS X s central password storage system Each user on a Mac has a keychain in which they can store login passwords encryption keys and encryption certificates This allows you to manage all your passwords under a single login You can view and edit your passwords and other keychain items by running Applications gt Utilities gt Keychain Access Keynote Keynote is an easy to use presentation software application that has cinema quality presentation capabilities Keynote is part of the Apple iWork suite of office software Laser Printer A laser printer is a printer that uses a light source usually a laser to project onto a charged surface usually a rotating drum Laser printers are available in color and monochrome versions in a wide variety of price ranges Launch to start an application by double clicking on an application or document LCD Display A LCD Liquid Crystal Display is made from two or more sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution in between them Lion OS X 10 7 Lion more formally known as OS X 10 7 is the seventh in the series of Unix based operating systems from Apple Logging In the procedure for gaining access to the computer or server
23. shortcuts in Windows aliases can dynamically track the original file An alias is a quick and easy way to access a file that may be buried several folders deep Alt key X Also called the Option key Used in conjunction with other keys for access to special functions Found at the bottom of the keyboard just to the left of the Command key Aperture Apple s professional photo management and retouching app Its main competitor is Adobe s Photoshop Lightroom App Acommon abbreviation for application a software program AppleCare Apple s customer support and hardware servicing arm The standard AppleCare plan features 90 days of free phone support and 12 months of warranty but this can be upgraded by purchasing an AppleCare Protection Plan AppleCare Protection Plan An upgrade to the standard AppleCare warranty and support service The AppleCare Protection Plan APP gives 3 years of warranty and technical support for products such as Macs and iPods Apple Menu The Apple menu provides access to items and services that are always available regardless of which application is currently active The Apple menu includes the Sleep Restart and Shut Down commands and more Apple TV A tiny device that plays content from iTunes Netflix Hulu Plus YouTube and sports leagues on your widescreen TV Plug in connect Apple TV to your TV using an HDMI cable content streams wirelessly to Apple TV using your Wi Fi network Appli
24. ther data are stored on the faster flash storage while infrequently used items move to or stay on the hard drive GarageBand Apple s music authoring software part of the iLife suite GB Gigabyte a unit of measurement of storage A gigabyte is a thousand million bytes though it can sometimes be slightly higher than this depending on interpretation One byte is enough to store a single letter of the alphabet Commonly used to refer to RAM and hard disk size Get Info 3 The Mac equivalent of Windows Properties dialogs With many items such as files and folders in the Finder or songs in iTunes you can right click or Control click the item and choose Get Info to retrieve information on the object Grab A Mac OS X utility Applications gt Utilities gt Grab for taking screenshots on your Mac GUI Graphic User Interface image of a file which Mac users can drag and drop into folders or trash First marketed by Apple on the Mac in 1984 Now commonly used on most computer systems Hard Drive A hard drive is a mechanical method of storing digital information There are two important things to be aware of when you re in the market for a hard drive capacity and interface type Hardware In terms of computers hardware usually refers to external components such as printers or scanners that you can see or touch Some internal computer components such as the processor and memory are also called hardware HDMI
25. use Arrow the active position of the mouse amp is not active until mouse is clicked Open Found under the File menu 3 O Used to open or launch files documents amp applications Multifunction Printer A multifunction printer MFP combines several different functions in a single printer usually printing scanning copying and faxing Numbers Apple s spreadsheet application part of the iWork suite NVRAM Non Volatile Random Access Memory Your Mac stores certain settings in a special memory area even if it is turned off On Intel based Macs this is stored in memory known as NVRAM on PowerPC based Macs this is stored in memory known as PRAM If you experience issues related to these functions you may need to reset the NVRAM or PRAM For example if your Mac starts up from a startup disk other than the one you ve specified in Startup Disk preferences or if a question mark icon appears briefly when your Mac starts up resetting NVRAM PRAM may help Learn more here http support apple com kb ht1379 Optical Drive In addition to a hard drive most desktop and laptop computers come with an optical drive which is designed to read or read and write optical media CDs and DVDs Optical Media Optical media is a generic term that refers to any type of data storage media that uses light usually in the form of a laser to read and or write data Option key A modifier key like Command or Control usually sits betwee
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