pdf RS-232 Module Communication Guide
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1. int data 12345 Send 12345 in binary base It prints 0110 000 0011 1001 W232 send data BIN Send 12345 in octal base It prints 30071 W232 send data OCT Send 12345 in decimal base It prints 12345 W232 send data DEC Send 12345 in hexadecimal base It prints 3039 W232 send data HEX ely v4 2 Library functions 6 8 4 Sending a long Long variables can be sent also with the function send Long variables represents 32 bits or 4 bytes and and the send function allows signed and unsigned declaration Example of use i unsigned long data 1234567 Send an unsigned long W232 send data 6 9 Receiving data All received bytes are stored in the UART buffer of the micro controller These bytes can be read with the function read This function returns the read value from the buffer If data in response buffer if W232 available while W232 available Read one byte from the buffer char data W232 read Print data received in the serial monitor USB print data See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 02 receive data 18 v4 2 Library functions 6 10 Knowing when new data is available This function returns the number of bytes available in the UART buffer If data in response buffer if W232 available while W232 available Read one byte from the buffer char data W2. information can be read from any RS 232 device connected to the bus PLC DEVICE 1 DEVICE N BUS Waspmote 4 VD Sensors co pH Temperature Vibration IR Liquid Presence C02 Humidity Luminosity Figure RS 232 in wireless sensor network applications 2 Add wireless connectivity to RS 232 devices Waspmote can be configured to read the information coming from the RS 232 bus and send it wirelessly using any of the wireless modules available in the platform to a base station or even directly to a Cloud server The available wireless technologies are WiFi 3G GPRS 802 15 4 ZigBee LoRa Bluetooth Bluetooth Low Energy RF 868MHz RF 900MHz PLC DEVICE 1 DEVICE N Figure RS 232 wire replacement 3 Connect to the Cloud RS 232 devices Waspmote can be configured to read the information coming from the RS 232 bus and send it wirelessly directly to the Cloud using WiFi 3G and GPRS radio interfaces PLC DEVICE 1 DEVICE N iii i WiFi D 3G GPRS Figure Cloud connection ic V4 2 Libelium s API 5 Libelium s API It is mandatory to include the RS 232 library when using this module The following line must be introduced at the beginning of the code include lt Wasp232 h gt Waspmote s API RS 232 files e Wasp232 cpp e Wasp232 h APIs functions Private functions The following functions are executed inside the API functions In normal conditions the user must NOT manage
3. or use them print char c uint8_t uart printNumber unsigned long n uint8_t base uint8_t uart Figure RS 232 private functions Public functions ON char socket OFF void baudRateConfig unsigned long speed char read void send n int available void flush void parityBit bool state stopBitConfig uint8_t numStopBits uint8_t error void Figure RS 232 public functions N 12 v4 Library functions 6 Library functions 6 1 Library constructor To start using Waspmote RS 232 library an object from class Wasp232 must be created This object called W232 is created inside Waspmote RS 232 library and it is public to all libraries It is used through this guide to show how Waspmote RS 232 library works When creating this constructor all the variables are defined with an initial value by default 6 2 Switching the module ON It powers the RS 232 module and assigns the UART The default baud rate is 115200 and it can be modified by the function baudRateConfig Example of use Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions include lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socketO W232 ON SOCKETO delay 100 The same example but in the socket1 Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions include lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Powers on t
4. to other RS 232 devices which have a DB9 male connector Figure Male female DB9 cable B v4 2 Dual Radio with Expansion Board 3 Dual Radio with Expansion Board 3 1 Expansion Radio Board The RS 232 module can use the Expansion Radio Board The Expansion Board allows to connect two communication modules at the same time in the Waspmote sensor platform This means a lot of different combinations are possible using any of the wireless radios available for Waspmote 802 15 4 ZigBee DigiMesh 868 MHz 900 MHz LoRa Bluetooth Pro Bluetooth Low Energy RFID NFC WiFi GPRS Pro GPRS GPS and 3G GPRS Besides the following Industrial Protocols modules are available RS 485 Modbus RS 232 Serial Modbus and CAN Bus Some of the possible combinations are e LoRa GPRS e 802 15 4 Bluetooth e 868 MHz RS 485 e RS 232 WiFi DigiMesh 3G GPRS e RS 232 RFID NFC e WiFi 3G GPRS CAN bus Bluetooth lt etc Remark GPRS Pro GPRS GPS and 3G GPRS modules do not need the Expansion Board to be connected to Waspmote They can be plugged directly in the socket1 20 v4 2 Dual Radio with Expansion Board The API provides a function to initialize the RS 232 module it is called ON socket This function supports a new parameter which permits to select the socket It is possible to choose between socket0 and socket1 An example of use the initialization function is the following Selecting socketO W232 O0N SOC
5. 232 read Print data received in the serial monitor USB print data delay 1 See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 02 receive data 6 11 Flushing buffer Flushes the buffer of incoming serial data The function flush waits for outgoing data to transmit before clearing the buffer contents Example of use Flushes the buffer W232 flush delay 10 3 19 v4 2 Code examples and extended information 7 Code examples and extended information For more information about the Waspmote hardware platform go to http www libelium com waspmote http www libelium com development waspmote In the Waspmote Development section you can find complete examples http www libelium com development waspmote examples Example N e O O OO E F HF F F F HF HF HF HF F F HF HF F F F F F F F OF E E N RS 232_01 RS 232 Send Data This sketch shows how to send data through RS2 32 standard This standard defines the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in digital systems It does not specify or recommend any communications protocol For a complete communication protocol please see the Modbus examples Copyright C 2014 Libelium Comunicaciones Distribuidas S L http www libelium com This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as pub
6. 8 3 Sending with base 1 sesesesesssscscsesescscssssssscsescscscssssssssesesesesescacscseseseesesescacacseeees 0 04 5endIRd along sasien oraes nenene ee EEEREN EEEa ere rd 6 9 Receiving data sseseessessesseesseeseessesseoseessesscoseessesseosesseesseessesscoseeseesseoseoseeseesseoseesersseessessessees 6 10 Knowing when new data is available ssessesssessesseessessesseesscssesseeseessesseosseoseeseessessees CTE FUS UIE DON Torena E E EE 7 Code examples and extended information cccccccssscccsssssccccssssccccssescces SAPI MINGEL ES amara 9 Documentation changelog sseecsssecccsseccccssccocssecosssecoccsscecsssecosssscosssscessssee Index v4 2 Introduction 1 Introduction 1 1 The standard The RS 232 standard was first introduced in 1962 by the Radio Sector of the EIA The original DTEs data terminal equipment were electromechanical teletypewriters and the original DCEs data circuit terminating equipment were usually modems When electronic terminals began to be used they were often designed to be interchangeable with teletypewriters and so supported RS 232 The C revision of the standard was issued in 1969 in part to accommodate the electrical characteristics of these devices For many years an RS 232 compatible port was a standard feature for serial communications such as modem connections on many computers The RS 232 standard is still used to connect industrial equipment such as PLCs conso
7. KET O Selecting socket1 W232 ON SOCKET1 The rest of functions are used the same way as they are used with older API versions In order to understand them we recommend to read this guide WARNING e Avoid to use DIGITAL7 pin when working with Expansion Board This pin is used for setting the XBee into sleep e Avoid to use DIGITALE pin when working with Expansion Board This pin is used as power supply for the Expansion Board Incompatibility with Sensor Boards e Gases Board Incompatible with SOCKET3B and NO sensor e Agriculture Board Incompatible with Sensirion and the atmospheric pressure sensor e Smart Metering Board Incompatible with SOCKET2 SOCKET3 SOCKET4 and SOCKET5 e Smart Cities Board Incompatible with microphone and the CLK of the interruption shift register e Events Board Incompatible with interruption shift register 10 v4 2 Applications 4 Applications This module allows the user to interface the Waspmote ecosystem with RS 232 systems Waspmote allows to perform three main applications 1 Connect any sensor to an existing RS 232 device network Waspmote can be configured to work as a node in the network inserting sensor data into the RS 232 bus already present Waspmote can obtain information from more than 70 sensors which are currently integrated in the platform by using specific sensor boards e g CO CO temperature humidity acceleration pH IR luminosity etc This way the sensor
8. RS 232 Module Communication Guide Px a x 3 af yi eth WW Seas dj ac gt a Res RAD La DA o Se Document version v4 2 11 2014 Libelium Comunicaciones Distribuidas S L INDEX 1 MULE PO CUCUIONN isvcenisacessacsianecdiacvesstecusseuSiacxsussucestanteussssdinnstectanstusatisexeedseunessucics i NG Gia NAN diddl PPAR OW AN ninni DM EEC a E ae A E ONTA 2 2 Connection diagram iraniana DBF CON UM ON eE EE E ES DP C ONNE TO ie AE EER 3 Dual Radio with Expansion Board ssscccsscecccccccssceccccecsccecsccecsececsccecsseessceeo 3 1 Expansion Radio Board tra 4 APPICON Sonae EE EEEE A T SAP d E E E EA E A E A OLD ary T ELON iaia azionari nina E EEA 6 1 Library COA TUC 6 2 Switching the module ON s ssssssessesseessessesseeseessessesseesseeseesseoseeseesseoseoseessesseoseoseesseessessessees 6 3 Switching the module FR 6 4 Configuring communication speed sssssessssssesesscscscsesesscsescsesessesescseseescsesesseseseseesess 6 5 Configuring the number of stop Dit esesseseseesescsesessescscscseesesesesesseescseeseseseseesees 66 Configuring the parity Dit aan BF 8 9801 1 OAE E EE A E A E E O A E E EEN 6 8 Sending a chaf uu csesssesssssscssscssssssssssesesesesescsssessssssesesesesesssssseeseseseseseacsesesesseesesesesesessesesess 6 81 Sending an INe gaT ccocecevssceccscassxsscccacesceentntepedaacerscomseessetnteermtomeascteoncenabenmanaeesent 6 8 2 SENI ria 6
9. bled depending on communication requirements Example of use with no parity Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions Hinclude lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Power on the USB for viewing data in the serial monitor USB ON delay 100 Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socketo W232 0N SOCKETO delay 100 Configure the baud rate of the module W232 baudRateConfig 9600 Configure the parity bit as disabled W232 parityBit DISABLE Use one stop bit configuration W232 stopBitConfig 1 Print hello message USB println Hello this is RS 232 communication send data example des v4 2 Library functions Example of use with parity enabled Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions Hinclude lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Power on the USB for viewing data in the serial monitor USB ON delay 100 Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socket0 W232 ON SOCKETO delay 100 Configure the baud rate of the module W232 baudRateConfig 9600 Configure the parity bit as disabled W232 parityBit ENABLE Use one stop bit configuration W232 stopBitConfig 1 Print hello message USB println Hello this is RS 232 communication send data example See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 02 receive data 6 7 Sending data Thanks to
10. e analog input 1 int analogi analogRead ANALOG1 Reading the analog input 2 int analog2 analogRead ANALOG2 Send data through RS 232 line W232 send Data from analogi input W232 send analog1 W232 send n W232 send Data from analog2 input W232 send analog2 W232 send n delay 2000 Die V4 2 ie API changelog 8 API changelog Keep track of the software changes on this link www libelium com development waspmote documentation changelog RS_232 22 v4 2 Documentation changelog 9 Documentation changelog From v4 1 to v4 2 e References to the new LoRa module e Created new chapter API changelog From v4 0 to v4 1 e Expansion Radio Board section updated e Reference to the standard male female DB9 cable supplied 23 v4 2
11. ers is 8N1 eight bit characters with one stop bit and no parity bit With the RS 232 module you can configure the communication mode with one or two stop bits using the next function Example of use with one stop bit Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions include lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Power on the USB for viewing data in the serial monitor USB ON delay 100 Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socket0 W232 ON SOCKETO delay 100 Configure the baud rate of the module W232 baudRateConfig 9600 Use one stop bit configuration W232 stopBitConfig 1 14 v4 2 Library functions Example of use with two stop bits Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions Hinclude lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Power on the USB for viewing data in the serial monitor USB ON delay 100 Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socketO W232 ON SOCKETO delay 100 Configure the baud rate of the module W232 baudRateConfig 9600 Use one stop bit configuration W232 stopBitConfig 2 See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 02 receive data 6 6 Configuring the parity bit Parity is used in many hardware applications to detect frame errors and is usually generated and checked by the interface hardware The RS 232 module uses an odd parity Parity can be enabled or disa
12. he module and assigns the UART in socket1 W232 ON SOCKET1 delay 100 I See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 01 send data 6 3 Switching the module OFF Switches off the RS 232 module and stops sending data frames When you switch the module off it is not necessary to pass the socket as parameter This information is already stored in an internal variable when you switch the module on Example of use Switches off the module and closes the UART W232 0FF delay 100 i 13 v4 2 Library functions 6 4 Configuring communication speed RS 232 speed communication can be configured with the values of the RS 232 standard The RS 232 module has been tested at 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 14400 19200 38400 57600 and 115200 bps The maximum supported datarate in the RS 232 module is 115200 bps Example of use Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions Hinclude lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Power on the USB for viewing data in the serial monitor USB ON delay 100 Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socket1 W232 ON SOCKET1 delay 100 Configure the baud rate of the module W232 baudRateConfig 9600 See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 01 send data 6 5 Configuring the number of stop bits The most common configuration used between comput
13. le ports and special purpose equipment The IEEE RS 232 standard defines electrical signal timing and size connectors Use of a common ground limits RS 232 to applications with relatively short cables RS 232 connection consisting only of transmit data receive data and ground RS 232 protocol uses bipolar signal Valid signals are 3 to 15 volts the 3V range is not a valid RS 232 level Data signals between 3V and 15V represents a logic 1 The logic 0 is represented by a voltage of between 3V and 15V Start Bit Stop Bit 3 3V Start Bit Stop Bit 3 v4 2 Introduction Serial transmission requires synchronization A logic 0 is sent as a start bit for the synchronization followed by normally eight bits After the data itself a parity bit is sent It is optional and it can be chosen to have even or odd parity Finally a stop bit is sent This is normally one bit long and is used to signify the end of a particular byte Sometimes two stop bits are required This is an option that can be set on some equipments This list includes some of the more common uses of the standard e Dial up modems e GPS receivers typically NMEA 0183 at 4 800 bit s e Bar code scanners and other point of sale devices e LED and LCD text displays Satellite phones low speed satellite modems and other satellite based transceiver devices e Flat screen LCD and Plasma monitors to control screen functions by external computer other AV e comp
14. lished by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program If not see lt http www gnu org licenses gt Version O Design David Gascon Implementation Ahmad Saad Include always this library when you are using the Wasp232 functions include lt Wasp232 h gt void setup Power on the USB for viewing data in the serial monitor Note if you are using the socket 0 for communication for viewing data in the serial monitor you should open the USB at the same speed USB ON delay 100 Powers on the module and assigns the UART in socketO W232 ON SOCKETO delay 100 20 v4 2 Code examples and extended information Configure the baud rate of the module W232 baudRateConfig 115200 Configure the parity bit as disabled W232 parityBit DISABLE Use one stop bit configuration W232 stopBitConfig 1 delay 100 Hello message USB println RS 232 serial communication properly initialized USB println Hello this is RS 232 communication send example delay 100 i void loop Reading th
15. method overloading you can send any data through the UART with the same function 6 8 Sending a char The most common way to send a character is to send it between single quotes e g p Example of use char data p Send data through UART W232 send data i You can also send char variables by declaring the corresponding ASCII code For example if you initialize a char with 123 it sends the corresponding ASCII Example of use char data 123 Send data through UART W232 send data 16 v4 2 Library functions 6 8 1 Sending an integer You can send an unsigned or signed integer using the same function If an unsigned int is declared you can assign a value from 0 to 65535 and if the variable is signed the value can be between 32768 and 32767 Examples of use unsigned int data 12345 Send an unsigned int W232 send data int data 12345 Send a signed int W232 send data i 6 8 2 Sending a string The same function can be used for sending string of characters Example of use Send a string through the UART W232 send Hello world i See an example of use here http www libelium com development waspmote examples rs 232 01 send data 6 8 3 Sending with base The send function allows to represent the variable in a specific base You can select binary octal byte decimal and hexadecimal representation Example of use
16. onents or remotes e Test and measuring equipment such as digital multimeters and weighing systems Updating Firmware on various consumer devices Some CNC controllers e Uninterruptible power supply e Stenography or Stenotype machines e Software debuggers that run on a 2nd computer e Industrial field buses 4 v4 2 Hardware 2 Hardware The RS 232 Modbus module has been tested with various devices and is compatible with the majority of commercial modules but this does not ensure the working with all of them Be sure that the RS 232 module fits your technical requirements The final user is the responsable to perform the task of communicatiing the RS 232 module with other commercial devices 2 1 Electrical features Board power voltages 3 3 V Maximum admitted voltage 0 3 V to 6 V e Typical data rate 115200 bps e Temperature Range 0 C 70 C Dimensions 33 x 31 5 mm 2 2 Connection diagram The RS 232 Serial Modbus module uses the UART pins RX and TX for communication The Expansion Board allows to connect two boards at the same time in the Waspmote sensor platform This means a lot of different combinations are now possible using any of the radios available for Waspmote 802 15 4 ZigBee 868 900 LoRa Bluetooth Pro Low Energy NFC RFID WiFi and GPRS 3G and the RS 232 module In the next photo you can see the available sockets along with the UART assigned The RS 232 module can be connected no
17. rmally on socket 0 and in socket 1 with the Expansion Board 5 v4 2 Wasp MOTE Hardware The RS 232 Serial Modbus module can be used with two different protocols 1 RS 232 Serial standard this is the scope of this guide 2 Modbus protocol which adds some features see the Modbus Communication Guide for more details 6 v4 2 Hardware 2 3 Consumption RS 232 module uses a low power transceiver The board is guaranteed to run at data rates of 120 kbps while maintaining RS 232 output levels The next table shows the consumption at various baud rates Baud Rate bps Consumption mA 300 1 65 600 1 65 1200 1 65 2400 1 67 4800 1 67 9600 1 72 19200 1 8 38400 1 9 57600 2 0 115200 2 26 2 4 Connector The standard recommends but does not make mandatory the D25 pin connector In the RS 232 module the connector is a DB9 female The RS 232 module uses pin 2 to receive data 3 to transmit and ground pin The DB9 connector is used in many applications for example any PC has a serial DB9 connector It provides size and cost benefits Also the RS 232 9 pin configuration is sufficient in most circumstances because many of the lines available for RS 232 signaling are rarely used This means that the DB9 connector is able to provide all the required connectivity for most applications a v4 2 Move Hardware The RS 232 module comes with a standard male female DB9 cable This cable is useful for connecting the module
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