Toro 345 Speaker User Manual
Contents
1. TORO GM 345 325 D Cutting Units 77 Quality Of Cut Inspecting and Sharpening Rotary Mower Blades Rotary mowers cut grass by the blade s cutting surface impacting against the grass stems at a high velocity To assure good quality of cut the cutting edge of the blade must be kept in a sharp condition A dull blade will produce a ragged cut and will require an excessive amount of engine horsepower to rotate the blade through the grass The most common cause for rotary mowers not giving a good quality of cut is due to dull cutting edges and or bent blades A WARNING If the blade is allowed to wear a slot will form between the sail and flat part of the blade Eventually a piece of the blade may break off and be thrown from under the housing pos sibly resulting in serious injury to yourself or bystander Whenever a blade is removed for sharpening A The blade must be checked to assure that it is not bent and that it has the correct attitude in relation to the housing and ground surface The blade must be sharpened correctly The blade balance must be checked each time the blade is sharpened When installing the blade it is very important that the blade retaining bolt or nut be tightened to the correct torque so it will not loosen during operation vom TORO GM 345 325 D E m D S e O gt Lu 78 Cutting Units TORO GM 345 325 D Cutting Units 79 Mismatch cut When a misma2. Commercial Products Troubleshooting Guide Groundsmaster 345 325 D Part No 96904SL INDEK 1 Product Overview GM 325 D GM 345 2 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine GM 345 3 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine GM 325 D 4 Hydraulic Systems Hydrostatic Drive Systems 5 Electrical Systems 6 Cutting Unit Drive 7 Cutting Units A m Read the Operator s Manual A Be extra careful on hills TORO GM 345 325 D Product Overview 1 Product Overview GM 300 series Groundsmaster The Groundsmaster 300 series mower is a medium size maneuverable commercial rotary with over twenty years of mowing experience During those years its design has been continuously improved for optimum productivity and durability GM 345 Features 1 Ford 4 cylinder gas engine 45hp 2 Sunstrand series M15 inline variable speed hydrostatic drive 3 Hydraulic power steering and lift functions 4 Available in 2wd GM 325 D Features 1 Mitsubishi 3 cylinder diesel engine 25hp 2 Sunstrand series M15 inline variable speed hydrostatic drive 3 Hydraulic power steering and lift functions 4 Available in 2wd and 4wd versions Options 1 Speed control 2 2 Post roll over Protective Structure ROPS 3 4 Post ROPS with sun roof 4 Cab with ROPS 5 Deluxe Seat 2 Product Overview TORO GM 345 TORO GM 345 325 D Product Overview 3 Attachments 1 72 Side discharge mower deck 2 72 Rear discharge mow
3. Ford to Toro Alternator M SFE 14 Amp Starter Interlock Fuse Rel Blue 10 GA Blue14Ga y2 Black14GA i _ 60 70 Ohm 10 watt 14 Amp Eng Ground Oil Press Light Oil Press Buzz Brown Yellow Black Strip Yellow White Stripe Brown Green Stripe Brown Blue Stripe Brown Blue Stripe LT Green 3 d 6 8 Oil Pressure Connector D I S Module Sending Unit Neutral Switch Position Circuit Make 1 OFF NONE ON B I A X Y START B l s TORO GM 345 325 D Electrical Systems 59 Interlock Circuit Normal Operation With an operator in the seat and the PTO engaged the PTO switch opens Current flows through the seat switch to the A terminal of the ignition switch In the run position the power flows from the A terminal to the I terminal From the I terminal power flows to the ignition system CoN Dai 60 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D Interlock Circuit Temp Gauge Carb Relay Switch Black Temp Relay 1 k Connector Ford to Toro Alternator Starter Interlock relay Blue 10 GA Blue 14 Ga Black 14 GA 60 70 Ohm 10 watt 5 051 o a 5 a o 3 m E 3 2 a Switch Yellow Black Strip Yellow White Stripe 0 o 2 E o o m E 3 2 m LT Green Brown Green Stripe Oil Pressure Connector D I S Module Sending Unit reson Circuit Circuit NONE Bele A X Y mx CON B l s TORO GM 345 325 D El
4. 81 Review Questions 1 op o apop N op Bearings and spacers should be replaced as a set True False The drive belt engagement spring should be adjusted to a length of 2 1 4 inches 3 3 16 inches 1 1 2 inches 4 inches The cutting unit raise lower lever should be in the neutral position when mowing True False 4 Balancing the blade after sharpening is not necessary True False The small spacer ring fits in a groove in the spindle shaft True False The PTO drive belt alignment is not adjustable True False TORO Commercial products FORM 96 904 SL The Toro Company 1996 Printed in U S A
5. be able to read 1GPM at 700 PSI Low charge flow charge pressure OK 2 Possible causes Leaking implement relief valve e Worn drive pump Worn drive motor 3 Performance results e Slow steering response e Slow hydraulic response e System overheating low oil cooler flow 50 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Pressure Return 2WD Units TL P TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 51 Steering Circuit 1 Oil from the hydrostatic charge pump flows to the IN port of the steering valve 2 With the steering wheel in neutral the oil flows out the AUX port to the lift valve 3 When the steering wheel is turned to the right the AUX port is closed and oil is director out the RT port to the steering cylinder NOTE The steering valve will not allow oil to flow through it to the lift valve when the steering wheel is being turned 52 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Freue Return i e IU L L TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 53 Cutting Unit Lift Circuit 1 When the steering wheel is in neutral oil flows out of the AUX port to the lift valve 2 When the valve is in neutral oil flows through the valve to the oil cooler and then to the reservoir 3 When the lift valve is actuated oil is directed to the lift cylinder 54 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Special Tools Service Tips 1 Hydraulic flow tester kit 1 Hydraulic testing is done with the hydr
6. in a solid stream with large droplets True False 38 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Hydrostatic Charge Circuit RES FRONT AXLE Espana TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 39 Hydrostatic Drive and Hydraulic Systems The drive system on the Groundsmaster 300 series consists of a Sunstrand Series 15 inline hydrostatic pump and motor assembly This assemble is connected to a Dana GT 20 axle differential assembly Engine power is transmitted from the engine to the input shaft of the hydrostatic unit The output of the hydrostatic unit transmits the power to the pinion shaft through the differential and to the wheels The units brakes are fastened to the outer end of the axle Hydrostatic Transmission Operation Charge Circuit The charge circuit supplies oil to the hydrostatic circuit and replenishes the oil normally lost through internal leakage and transmission cooling 1 Oil from the reservoir is drawn through the oil filter to the charge pump 2 From the charge pump the oil is exposed to the charge relief valve which maintains a charge pressure of 70 to 150 psi 3 The oil then flows to the charge check valves 4 The check valve that is in the low pressure non driving side opens and allows oil to flow to the drive loop 40 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Drive circuit RES FRONT AXLE Espana TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 41 Drive Circuit The drive circuit consists of a
7. move the throttle control to the FAST position 2 Check the gap between the throttle arm and the stop on the carburetor base The correct gap is 1 32 0 78mm 3 If the gap is not correct adjust the throttle rod by turning the ball joint until the proper gap is attained This adjustment insures that the carburetor throttle plate can fully open under a load but the linkage will not bottom out against the stop 10 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 Low Idle Screw TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 11 The final adjustments are made with the engine running To guard against WARNING possible personal injury engage the parking brake and keep hands feet face and other parts of the body away from the fan or other moving parts Low Idle Adjustment 1 Start the engine and move the throttle to the slow position 2 Manually rotate the throttle arm closed until it contacts the stop 3 Check the idle speed and adjust carburetor idle speed screw if necessary to attain 1350 50 rpm e This prevents the throttle plate from being able to bottom out in the carburetor barrel 4 Release the throttle arm loosen the jam nut on the governor low idle speed screw and adjust it to attain 1500 100 rpm e This sets the actual engine idle speed 12 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 Throttle Cable TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 13 High Idle Adjustment 1 Slowly move the throttle to the FAST position until t
8. position the bearings and set the running clearance UPOND NOTE there in no groove in the shaft that the small ring sets in If the spindle does not rotate after assembly verify that all the spacers and rings are properly installed The bearings races spacers and snap rings are a matched set and should not be intermixed IMPORTANT If a new spindle housing is being used new bearings and the matched snap ring set must be installed Never use the old bearings spacer and snap ring with a new spindle housing By contrast use only new bearings with cups and spacer when installing bearings into a used spindle housing that still has a snap ring installed Seal replacement When replacing the spindle seals be careful to install the seals with the seal lips facing in the correct direction 72 Recycler Deck 1 The upper seal lip faces inward toward the upper bearing 2 The lower seal lip faces outward away from the lower bearing 72 Rear Discharge amp Side Discharge 1 The upper seal lip faces outward away from the upper bearing 2 The lower seal lip faces outward away from the lower bearing 76 Cutting Units TORO GM 345 325 D FLAT PART OF BLADE AIL 2a SLOT FORMED INCORRECT This will cause poor quality of cut and high horsepower requirement e ao CORRECT INCORRECT This will cause poor guality of cut and high horsepower requirement F EEE CO CORRECT
9. the OFF position to stop the implement s operation The only time the PTO lever should be in the ON position is when the implement or cutting unit is down in the operating position and the operator is in the seat 72 Cutting Unit Drive TORO GM 345 235 D STRAIGHT EDGE NORMAL ROTATION LOCK COLLAR LOCK COLLAR AND SET SCREW TORO GM 345 325 D Cutting Unit Drive 73 Troubleshooting 1 Poor cutting unit performance Drive belt slipping Tighten the drive belt Adjust PTO belt tension spring to 3 3 16 in 80 96 mm 2 Drive belt failure Improper belt alignment Align drive belt NOTE See the operators manual or the service manual for the complete adjustment procedure 74 Cutting Units TORO GM 345 325 D Bearing Races Bearing amp Seal Inside Spacer Bearing Seal amp 2 7 Spacer TORO GM 345 325 D Cutting Units 75 Cutting Units Maintenance and Service Spindle service If noisy operation of the cutting unit is encountered and the blade spindles need to be repaired refer to the complete repair procedures in the service manual The replacement bearing set consists of The upper and lower bearings races A snap ring spacer that positions the bearing races in the spindle housing An outside spacer to set the distance between the bearing races Two bearings An inside bearing spacer and an inside spacer ring e _ The inside spacer and the spacer ring
10. variable displacement pump and the hydrostatic motor Drive circuit operation 1 When the traction pedal is depressed the swash plate in the pump rotates and the pump begins to pump 2 The oil from the pump flows to the hydrostatic motor 3 The oil flows through the hydrostatic motor and returns to the pump The oil flows in a closed loop There is a bypass valve located in the drive circuit When the unit is pushed with the engine off this valve allows the oil being forced out of the hydrostatic motor to be directed back to the motor instead of being forced through the pump Note Use the bypass valve to move the unit a short distance only excessive travel can damage the internal components of the hydrostatic transmission 42 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Acceleration valves RES FRONT AXLE 5200 Psi 4wd Only TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 43 Acceleration valves The drive oil from the hydrostatic pump also flows to the acceleration valves 2 The oil is allowed to flow through the orifice in the valve until sufficient pressure is created to close the acceleration valve 3 Bleeding away some of this initial oil flow allows for a smoother unit start and direction change 4 The acceleration valves do not serve as the drive circuit relief valve 5 The 2 wheel drive unit does not have a relief valve Relief Valve The 4 wheel drive unit has an externally mounted relief valve The relief valve
11. Lack of lubrication 46 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Drive Pressure Test 1A Drive Pressure Testing TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 47 1 Testing drive pressure Remove the test port plug using a 3 16 allen wrench Connect 10 000 psi gauge into the test port using a 3 8 24 adapter Chain machine and lock brakes Operate engine at 3200 RPM 2WD drive pressure should read 4000 4500 psi DO NOT exceed 5000 psi 4WD drive pressure should read 5200 psi Low drive pressure Charge pressure OK Possible causes Leaking check valves Leaking acceleration valves Leaking bypass valve tow valve Worn drive pump Worn drive motor 3 Performance results Noisy operation Oil leaking past check valves or acceleration valves Poor hill climbing performance Slows or stops on hills Complete drive failure Unit stops moving Relief Valve The 4 wheel drive unit has an externally mounted relief valve To check the relief valve setting the test gauge must be connected to the forward test port on the bottom of the hydrostatic pump Than test the pressure as usual The relief valve is set to limit the drive pressure to 5200 PSI 48 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Charge Flow Test NG DR i anta mu nana nen se TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 49 1 Testing charge flow e Connect hydraulic flow meter e Operate engine at 3200 RPM e Restrict oil flow through flow tester Should
12. Leaking exhaust valve Leaking head gasket A normal situation ooo 20 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D Engine Serial Number ut at AN 96 O in TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 21 In this section we will look at some troubleshooting procedures for the Mitsubishi Diesel Engine Engine Identification The engine model number and serial number is listed on a decal on the valve cover The engine serial number is also stamped on the injection pump mounting surface Complaint Low engine power Affect Poor cutting unit performance Poor hill climbing ability Slow hydraulic response Slow throttle response Rough running engine OLP om Cause 1 Incorrect engine idle settings 2 Fuelinjection problems Incorrect injection timing Incorrect injector spray pattern 3 Internal engine problem 4 Poor or contaminated fuel 5 Restricted air filter or intake 22 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 23 Analyzing Diesel Exhaust Smoke The exhaust from a diesel engine can provide information about the running condition of the engine A normally operating engine will have exhaust that is clear to a slight brownish gray color 1 Black Smoke Insufficient air Plugged or dirty air filter Excessive fuel Leaking injection nozzles Over fueled injection pump setting Engine Overloaded Excessive
13. Qe e e nnm Other things to check when engine surges A Carburetor too rich or lean B Binding in the throttle linkage C Governor worn internally Governor Spread or Sensitivity Adjustment Governor spread is the difference between the no load governed speed and the full load speed For the governor to work correctly this spread should be 5 to 10 percent To check governor spread check and record the no load high idle speed and compare this to the loaded high idle speed To increase the spread adjust the adjustment bolt to position the spring farther away from the lever hub To decrease the spread position the spring closer to the hub 16 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 17 Cylinder Leakage Test The cylinder leakage test can locate the following problems 1 Leaking intake valves e Air leaking from carburetor 2 Leaking exhaust valves e Air leaking from muffler 3 Leaking cylinder head gaskets e Air leaking externally by head gasket 4 Worn piston rings e Air leaking from breather or dipstick tube NOTE There will always be some air leakage past the rings Use the tester gauge to determine the severity of the leak With the engine rotated until the piston is at the top of travel on the compression stroke The cylinder is filled with air through the spark plug opening The leakage tester will display the percentage of air lost when the piston is at the top part of the c
14. adjustments 4 Internal engine problem o Mog 6 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 UAL IMPORTANT ENGINE wo Reflective Mark Photo lt Tachometer 4 em TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 7 Troubleshooting High and Low Idle Checks The idle settings are important for the proper operation and long life of the machine Affects of incorrect idle speeds 1 High idle too slow e Low power engine not running at full speed Slow transport speed hydrostatic transmission input shaft speed too slow Poor Quality of cut Blade RPM and tip speed too slow 2 High idle too fast Internal engine damage Excessive engine RPM can damage crankshaft and bearings Hydrostatic transmission damage insufficient lubrication for high input shaft speeds Engine overheating 3 Low idle too slow Hydrostatic transmission damage lack of lubrication Checking Idle Speeds Run the engine until it reaches normal operating temperature Move the throttle lever to the low idle position Low idle should be 1500 100 Open the throttle to the high idle position High idle should be 3200 100 ewe n NOTE If high or low idle is incorrect refer to the Operators manual for correct adjustment procedures 8 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 PO 1132 Gap 7 TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 9 Correction Carburetor linkage adjustment 1 With the engine shut off
15. al is in neutral 3 Unit will run without an operator in the seat if the PTO is disengaged and the traction pedal is in neutral 4 Unit will shut off if operator leaves the seat and the traction pedal is depressed or PTO is engaged 5 Interlock switches should be checked daily 6 Interlock switches should be replaced every 2 years or 1500 hrs TORO GM 345 325 D Electrical Systems 69 Review Questions 1 How many interlock switches does the unit 4 The diesel unit has a resetable 40 amp breaker use in the circuit a 1 a True b 2 b False Cc 3 d 4 5 The engine should start with the cutting unit in gear 2 The neutral switch is a True a Open when the traction pedal is depressed b False b Closed when the neutral switch is depressed 3 The unit will start with the operator out of the seat a True b False c True Only if the PTO is disengaged and the traction pedal is in neutral 70 Cutting Unit Drive TORO GM 345 235 D TORO GM 345 325 D Cutting Unit Drive 71 Attachment Drive PTO GM325 GM345 Pto Operation 1 The power take off PTO system transmits power from the engine to the cutting deck or other implement attached to the front of the machine 2 The PTO lever has two positions ON engage and OFF disengage To engage the PTO shaft slowly push the PTO lever fully forward to the ON position this will start the implement or cutting unit blades Slowly pull the lever backward to
16. aulic oil e OTC P N TOR214678 or equivalent at normal operating temperature 2 Hydraulic pressure test kit 2 Before testing hydraulics check the system for e OTC P N TOR47009 or equivalent the proper oil level and fluid type 3 Check or replace the hydraulic filter to eliminate the possibility of a plugged filter TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 55 Study Questions 1 om m o aoop ooo All hydraulic and hydrostatic test should be conducted with the oil warm True False Proper engine RPM for hydraulic testing is 1500 RPM 2000 RPM 3000 RPM 3200 RPM Proper maximum drive pressure for a 2wd unit is 2000 PSI 2000 3000 PSI 4000 4500 PSI 5000 5500 PSI 4 apop e ooo The acceleration valves prevent Abrupt direction change Excessive drive pressure Loss of charge pressure Excessive travel speed Drive pressure is tested with a 1000 PSI gauge 3000 PSI gauge 5000 PSI gauge 10 000 PSI gauge The steering circuit gets its oil flow before the cutting unit lift circuit True False 56 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D Start Circuit Temp Gauge Carb Relay Yellow Switch Temp Relay 9 Connector Ford to Toro SFE 14 Amp Starter Interlock Fuse Relay Blue 10 GA Blue 14Ga 2 Black 14 GA E 60 70 Ohm 10 watt Res SFE 14 Amp Eng Ground J o N Brown Blue Stripe g Oil Press Seat Light Switch Brown Blue Stripe e Yello
17. d The pressure at which the injection nozzle opens has a direct effect on the injection timing and the fuel spray pattern e Minimum opening pressure 120 kg cm 1700 psi Maximum opening pressure 130 kg cm 1850 psi Nozzle opening pressure can be adjust by adding or removing shims 2 Chatter Test With the nozzle connected to the nozzle tester pump the tester slowly the nozzle will open and close rapidly Chatter e _ The chatter test checks the ability of the nozzle to open and close at a high rate of speed e Anozzle that does not chatter may be the result of binding or a bent nozzle 30 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D No signs Pr olan fuel E Visible praz fuel NOT ACCEPTABLE Drop forms EN but does not fall or run along bottom tip NOT ACCEPTABLE TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 31 1 Nozzle Leakage Test e _ The leakage test checks the nozzle tip for proper sealing e Aleaking nozzle should be repaired or replaced 2 Operate the pump until 1500 psi 108 kg cm is reached maintain this pressure 3 Check the nozzle end If the nozzle end is dry or a slight film of fuel is present the nozzle is OK If a drop of fuel forms or the nozzle drips fuel the nozzle must be serviced or replaced 32 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D Atomized Fuel TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 33 1 Nozzle spray Test The ability of the nozzle to cor
18. e tester OTC P N TOR4075 or equivalent Compression tester 0 300 psi OTC P N OEM1072 OEM 1073 or equivalent 7 Helpful Hints All engine RPM checks should be performed with the engine warm Governor oil is the same oil as is used in the crankcase Cylinder leakage can identify the location and the extent of an internal engine problem Cylinder leakage of 25 percent or less is acceptable When checking engine compression the throttle and the choke must be fully open to insure an accurate reading Normal engine compression at cranking speed is 185 PSI The actual compression reading is not as important as the relationship between all the cylinder readings Part Numbers Engine oil filter Motorcraft P N FL 400 A Fuel filter Motorcraft P N FG795A Air filter Toro P N 27 7110 TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 19 Review Questions 1 Proper high idle setting is 4 Normal engine compression is a 2800 50 RPM a 100 PSI b 3200 100 RPM b 205 PSI c 3000 25 RPM c 185 PSI d 1500 100 RPM d 415 PSI 2 The final high idle adjustment is made at the 5 Adding oil to a cylinder with a bad intake valve carburetor will increase the compression reading of the cylinder a True b False a True b False 3 The recommended compression gauge is 6 When performing a leakage test air leaking from a 0 100 PSI the breather indicates b 0 200 PSI c 0 300 PSI Leaking intake valve d 200 400 PSI
19. e the PTO switch while the engine is running 2 The engine should stop within 2 seconds If the engine stops the switch is operating correctly If the engine does not stop there is a problem in the seat switch of the PTO switch 1 Raise of the seat and depress the traction pedal with the PTO disengaged 2 The engine should stop within 2 seconds If the engine stops the switch is operating correctly If the engine fails to stop there is a problem in the seat switch or the traction pedal switch 66 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D Te SLOW PLUG GLOW PLUG INDICATOR SWITCH SNOS DFF Circuit i Breaker Reset TORO GM 345 325 D Electrical Systems 67 Electrical circuit breaker The GM325 electrical system has a 40 amp circuit breaker to protect the electrical system from overload If all electric functions are lost resetting the circuit breaker might remedy the problem If the circuit breaker open frequently the source of the problem must be found and repaired 68 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D Special Tools Helpful Hints 1 Digital volt ohm meter 1 Interlock switches OTC PN OEM1428 or equivalent e Neutral switch closed with traction pedal in neutral 2 Electrical skin over grease e PTO switch closed with PTO disengaged OTC PN TOR50547 e Seat switch open with no operator in the seat 2 Unit will start without an operator in the seat if the PTO is disengaged and the traction ped
20. ectrical Systems 61 PTO Engaged Operator Not In The Seat If the operator leaves the seat while the PTO is engaged Power is interrupted by the seat switch Current stops flowing to the A terminal of the ignition switch Power is stopped to the ignition module and the engine stops ODO Caution Do not disconnect the safety switches because they are there for the operators protection Check the operation of the switches daily to be sure the interlock system is operation correctly If a switch is malfunctioning replace it before operating the machine Replace the switches every 2 years to be sure of maximum safety 62 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D Neutral Switch TT NA SURE RE THROTT OFF n Sau N se e ON N Neutral Slow pe U INDICA UG GLow PL Switch Som suspe TORO GM 345 325 D Electrical Systems 63 Interlock System Testing PTO Switch and Traction Neutral Switch Testing 1 Move the PTO switch to the OFF position 2 Remove foot from the traction pedal so it is fully released 3 Rotate the ignition key to start Engine should crank If the engine does not crank there may be a malfunction in the PTO or Neutral switch 64 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D h 4 A Z2 2 TORO GM 345 325 D Electrical Systems 65 Seat Switch and Traction Neutral Switch Testing 1 Raise off the seat and engag
21. er deck 3 72 Guardian Recycler amp deck 4 88 Triflex mower deck 5 48 Snowblower 6 Debris blower 7 Aerator 8 Plug pulverizer 9 Aero seeder 10 V Plow 11 Flail Mower 4 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 SERIAL NUMBER 12345 G 15 TC MODEL NUMBER VSG 411 6005 E S 0 OPTIONS MODEL CODE 1425 TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 5 In this section we will look ai some troubleshooting procedures for the Ford Gas Engine Engine Identification The engine is identified with a decal affixed to the left side of the valve cover The decal contains the engine serial number The model number and displacement i e 411 4 cyl 1 1 liter The special options S O number The engine is also stamped on the left rear top edge of the block This stamping includes A Serial number B Engine Code C Engine build code Example 4K26 e The first number indicates the year e _ The letter indicates the month in alphabetical sequence A January B February etc e The last two numbers are the day of the month Complaint Low engine power Affect Poor cutting unit performance Poor hill climbing ability Slow hydraulic response Slow throttle response Rough running engine oc RON Cause Cracked or bad spark plugs Cracked or broken plug wires Plugged or restricted air filter Spoiled Fuel 1 Incorrect engine idle settings 2 Misadjusted carburetor linkage 3 Governor
22. g 3 Low idle too slow Hydrostatic transmission damage lack of lubrication Checking Idle Speeds Run the engine until it reaches normal operating temperature Move the throttle lever to the low idle position Low idle should be 1500 50 Open the throttle to the high idle position High idle should be 3145 3200 e Q eeN Note if the high and low idle is incorrect refer to the Operators Manual for the correct adjustment procedures 28 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 29 Injection Nozzles The diesel engine requires that the fuel be sprayed into the combustion chamber at a precise point in the compression stroke The point at which this fuel injection occurs is the injection timing If the nozzle is defective damaged or adjusted incorrectly the injection timing can be affected This can cause hard starting low power output excessive smoke or engine knocking IMPORTANT Always use fresh filtered fuel in the nozzle tester Use of dirty fuel can damage the precision parts of the injector nozzle Injection nozzle tests Always point the nozzle away from your self and any other personnel To prevent possible injury always wear safety glasses The nozzle tester forces fuel from the nozzle under extremely high pressure WARNING 1 Pressure test The injection nozzle is connected to the nozzle tester and the nozzle opening Cracking pressure is measure
23. ge OTC P N OEM1294 or equivalent Cylinder leakage tester OTC P N TOR4075 or equivalent Compression tester O 1000 psi OTC P N TOR3003 or equivalent Injection Nozzle Tester OTC P N TOR463610 or equivalent Service Tips All engine RPM checks should be performed with the engine warm Cylinder leakage can identify the location and the extent of an internal engine problem Cylinder leakage of 25 percent or less is acceptable When checking engine compression the verify the engine cranking speed to insure an accurate reading Normal engine compression at cranking speed is 455 PSI The actual compression reading is not as important as the relationship between all the cylinder readings Part Numbers Engine oil filter Toro P N 42 9030 Fuel filter Water separator Toro P N 63 8300 Fuel pump filter Toro P N 43 2550 Air filter Toro P N 27 7110 TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 37 Study Questions M apop op e ooo Blue exhaust smoke indicates Excessive fuel water in the combustion chamber High oil consumption Excessive engine load When performing a compression test add oil to the pistons before the test True False Proper low idle setting is 1000 100 1000 50 1500 100 1500 50 Cylinder leakage of 50 is acceptable True False Maximum injection nozzle opening pressure is 1750 psi 1850 psi 1950 psi 2000 psi Injection nozzles should spray fuel
24. he engine reaches 3200 100 Shut off the engine Adjust the high speed adjustment screw until it contacts the speed control lever IMPORTANT Do not overspeed the engine because transmission damaged could occur If 3200 rpm can not be attained check the throttle cable adjustment e The governor arm must not contact the cable cover when the unit is at high idle e fthe governor arm contacts the cable loosen the retaining bolt and move the cable 3 If the throttle lever on the instrument panel will not stay in the fast position remove the panel cover and tighten the nut and capscrew at the base of the throttle lever 14 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 Spread or Sensitivity Adjustment TORO GM 345 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine 15 Anti Surge Adjustment 1 Move the throttle rapidly from SLOW to FAST The engine should not surge if the engine surges proceed to step 2 Check the V belts from the engine to the governor pulley and assure that they are tight The belt is adjusted to 45 Ibs of tension on a belt gauge for a new belt A used belt is re tensioned to 28 Ibs The replacement belt PN is 67 8510 Loosen the jam nut that retains the anti surge screw Rotate the screw clockwise 1 8 of a turn at a time until the surging stops 4 Checkthe low and high idle speed to be sure that there is no change in the initial settings If the idle speed has increased the anti surge screw has been turned in too far and it must be backed out
25. load on engine 2 Blue Smoke High engine oil consumption Worn rings or valve guides Plugged crankcase breather 3 White Smoke Water in combustion chamber Leaking head gasket Cracked cylinder head or cylinder wall White smoke can also be caused by the following Incorrect injection timing Low compression Incomplete combustion Low cylinder temperature Faulty glow plugs low ambient air temperature Note White smoke may dissipate when engine warms up 24 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D BR est Adapter j 1 NE nin TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 25 Troubleshooting Cylinder Leakage Test A cylinder leakage test may be performed if the test equipment is available The leakage test can locate 1 Leaking intake valve e Air leaking from the air filter or intake manifold 2 Leaking exhaust valve e Air leaking from the muffler 3 Piston rings not sealing properly e Air leaking from crankcase breather or dipstick tube NOTE there will always be some leakage past the rings With the engine rotated until the piston is at the top of the travel on the compression stroke The cylinder is filled with air through the glow plug opening The leakage tester will display the percentage of air lost when the piston is at the top part of the compression stroke A cylinder leakage of 25 percent or less is acceptable Compression Testing Make sure the battery is ful
26. ly charged Remove the glow plugs from all three cylinders Hold the fuel shut off lever in the closed position to stop the fuel delivery during the compression test This will prevent wash down of the cylinders and inaccurate readings Crank the engine with the starter motor until you get a stable gauge reading 4 or 5 pulses If the pressure is less than 455 psi 32 kg cm it will be necessary to find the cause of the low compression The difference between cylinders should be no more than 36 psi 2 5 kg cm pupe NA IMPORTANT DO NOT put oil into the combustion chamber before performing a compression test Damage may result because of hydraulic forces acting upon the piston and the connecting rod 26 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D Reflective Mark Photo Tachometer Ss TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 27 Troubleshooting High and Low Idle Checks The idle settings are important for the proper operation and long life of the machine Affects of incorrect idle speeds 1 High idle too slow e Low power Engine not running at full speed Slow transport speed Hydrostatic transmission input shaft speed too slow Poor Quality of cut Blade RPM and tip speed too slow 2 High idle too fast Internal engine damage Excessive engine RPM can damage crankshaft and bearings Hydrostatic transmission damage insufficient lubrication for high input shaft speeds Engine overheatin
27. ompression stroke A cylinder leakage of 25 percent or less is acceptable Compression Testing 1 Make sure the batteries are fully charged 2 Remove all the spark plugs 3 Set the throttle to high idle and the choke in the wide open position 4 Install an automotive type 0 300 PSI compression gauge 5 Using an auxiliary starting switch crank the engine with the ignition switch off at least five compression strokes and record the highest reading 6 Normal compression should read 170 to 185 PSI depending on engine temperature and cranking speed 7 Repeat the test on each cylinder If one or more cylinders read low and a cylinder leakage tester is not available squirt approximately one tablespoon of engine oil on top of the pistons in the low reading cylinders Repeat compression test on these cylinders 1 Ifthe compression improves considerably the piston rings are at fault 2 If the compression does not improve the valves are sticking or seating poorly 3 If two adjacent cylinders indicate low compression pressures and squirting oil in the pistons does not increase the compression the cause may be a leaking cylinder head gasket between the two cylinders 18 Ford VSG 411 Gas Engine TORO GM 345 e N e gt e Special tools Electric tach OTC P N OEM1386 or equivalent Photo tach OTC P N OEM1057 or equivalent Belt tension gauge OTC P N OEM1294 or equivalent Cylinder leakag
28. only regulates the oil pressure in the forward direction 44 Hydraulics TORO GM 345 325 D Drive Pressure 5 Test Ports ET EEE MANAN Ta To M TR CO Ver ingaat ma AC TEST za 4 Testing Charge ZU Pressure E TORO GM 345 325 D Hydraulics 45 Troubleshooting To test the hydrostatic system there are several test ports on the hydrostatic unit 1 Charge pressure test port located on the left side rear of the hydrostatic unit next to the steering and lift supply line 2 Forward and reverse drive pressure test ports located in the middle section of the hydrostatic unit e Forward drive is the RH test port e Reverse drive is the LH test port e There is also test ports located on the underside of the hydrostatic unit Use these test ports for 4WD units Testing charge pressure Remove the test port plug using a 3 16 allen wrench Connect 1000 psi gauge using a 1 8 NPT adapter screwed into the pump Operate engine at 3200 RPM Charge pressure should read 70 150 psi Low charge pressure 1 Possible causes Plugged hydraulic filter Low engine RPM Defective charge relief valve Defective implement relief valve Worn charge pump Worn drive pump Worn drive motor 2 Performance resulis Noisy operation Drive circuit not kept full Poor hill performance Slows or stops on hills System over heating low oil cooler flow Complete drive failure unit stops moving Pump or motor failure
29. rectly atomize the fuel can be checked by performing a nozzle spray test Pump the nozzle tester and watch the spray pattern e A solid stream or large droplets indicates a faulty nozzle Fuel should be well atomized and in a consistent spray pattern Leaking injection nozzles can cause Hard starting Excessive smoke Low power Engine knocking Injection pump damage Internal engine damage OX Or Ppa R 34 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D TORO GM 325 D Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine 35 Glow Plug Testing The diesel engine requires glow plugs to warm the combustion chamber to assist in starting Evidence of faulty glow plugs includes hard starting excessive smoke or engine knocking There are several ways to test glowplugs The resistance of the glow plug can be measured with an Ohmmeter Normal resistance is 2 to 3 ohms 0 ohms indicates a shorted glow plug An O L reading on the ohmmeter indicates an open circuit in the glow plug Another way to test the glow plugs is to remove the plug and connected it to a battery If the glow plug ends turn red the glow plug is working A third test is to measure the amperage draw when the glow plug circuit is energized The operating circuit should draw 30 amps 10 amps per glow plug 36 Mitsubishi K3D Diesel Engine TORO GM 325 D N e e i o e n Special Tools Photo tach OTC P N OEM1057 or equivalent Belt tension gau
30. tch condition occurs the blade tip height should be checked It the blade tip height is different the blades will cut at a different height and the grass will be uneven Another quality of cut problem is striping Striping can be caused by the mower blades being sharpened too much that the actual blade length is shorter This causes a small line of uncut grass to be left between the blades Inconsistent height of cut An inconsistent height of cut can be caused by the cutting deck not staying at the proper height The 300 series Groundsmaster has a float position on the cutting unit raise lower lever The lever must be in float while the unit is mowing If the lever is not in the float position the cutting unit may not follow the contour of the ground 80 Cutting Units TORO GM 345 325 D N e Special tools Blade balancing tool 1 OTC PN TOR4029 or equivalent Blade holding fixture OTC PN TOR4030 or equivalent 2 Portable bench grinder OTC PN TOR4031 or equivalent 3 4 Helpful Hints Fill the spindle bearing housing with grease when replacing the bearings This assures that the upper bearing gets grease when the spindle is greased The small inside spacer ring does not have a groove in the spindle to sit in Install the ring on the spindle between the bearings Mower blade bolt torque is 85 to 100 ft lbs Bent or twisted blades should be replaced Do not straighten TORO GM 345 325 D Cutting Units
31. w Black Strip Yellow White Stripe LT Green Brown Green Stripe Oil Pressure Connector D I S Module Sending Unit Neutral Switch TORO GM 345 325 D Electrical Systems 57 Electrical System GM 345 325 D The electrical system on the 300 Series Goundsmaster can be broken into the following circuits 1 Starting Charging 2 Safety Interlock 3 Gauges and warning 4 Engine With a basic understanding of these circuits we can troubleshoot a variety of electrical problems System Operation Start Circuit GM 345 Shown 325 D similar Power from the battery flows to the terminal of the ammeter The power flows from the terminal of the ammeter to the ignition switch terminal X The power splits and flows to the seat switch The power splits again and flows to the neutral switch and PTO switch When both switches are closed the power can flow to the B terminal of the ignition switch When the switch is turned to the start position power flows from the B terminal to the S terminal The power then flows to the starter relay and the relay sends power to the starter which cranks the engine Power is also directed out of the I terminal the temperature relay From the temperature relay the power is directed to the D I S ignition module and the carb relay o N D Oe O N gt 58 Electrical Systems TORO GM 345 325 D Interlock Circuit Temp Gauge Carb Relay Yellow Switch 9 9 Connector
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