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Star Micronics Delta Printer User Manual

1. Figure 1 7 Inserting roll paper into Delta is similar to loading single sheets Figure 1 6 The roll paper holder is attached to the back of Delta A Closer Look 9 10 Press the L F button to move the paper in until the leading edge appears on the front side of the platen about where you want the first line to start printing NOTE To straighten roll paper if it s in crooked Move the release lever to the T position e Position the sheet where you want it moving it right or left if necessary to get the paper located between the margins of the printing area i e Move the release lever back to F position AN 11 Push the paper press bar back to its original position flush against the paper 12 Replace the printer cover 13 Presto You re ready to start printing Loading sprocket feed paper This is the familiar perforated paper with the holes along both sides also called sprocket punched fan fold or just plain com puter paper It can be as narrow as 3 and up to 10 wide 5 to 15 on Delta 15 To use this kind of paper you ll need to install the tractor unit with its two sprocket wheels to carry the paper along E To install the tractor identify the two snap levers shown in E see Figure 1 8 At the same time identify the two stoppers nickel plated bars over which the hooked or cut out bottom edge of the tractor frame fits OK Now pick
2. Delta User s Manual X Appendix L Command Summary in Numeric Order 279 Appendix M ASCII Code Conversion Chart 283 Appendix N Technical Specifications 291 Appendix O The Parallel Interface 293 Functions of the Connector Signals Appendix P Serial Interface Specifications 297 Configuring the Serial Interface Delta s Serial Protocols Serial busy protocols XON XOFF protocol ACK protocol Index 303 Consumer Response 309 DIP Switch Quick Reference 311 Warranty Command Quick Reference Inside back cover Inside back cover Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 3 3 Table 3 4 Table 3 5 Table 3 6 Table 4 1 Table 4 2 Table 4 3 Table 5 1 Table 6 1 Table 6 2 Table 6 3 Table 6 4 Table 6 5 Table 6 6 Table 6 7 Table 7 1 Table 7 2 Table 7 3 Table 8 1 Table 8 2 Table B 1 Table H 1 Table H 2 Table O 1 Table P 1 Table P 2 Table P 3 Table P 4 Table of Tables Print pitch commands Expanded print commands Print emphasis commands Italic commands Underline commands Superscript and subscript commands Line spacing commands Form length commands Top and bottom margin commands Left and right margin commands Bell commands Some miscellaneous commands Printing direction Eighth bit controls International character set commands International character sets Macro instruction commands Download character definition commands Download character printing commands Mixing download characters with various print modes Calculati
3. Special Features Summary Control code CHRS 7 ESC Y CHR 0 ESC Y CHR 1 ESC CHR 19 CHR 17 ESC 8 ESC 9 ESC U CHR 1 ESC U CHR 0 CHRS 8 CHR 127 ESC gn ESC e on ESC 4 ESC 7 n ESC CHR 30 ESC 1 71 Function Bell Disable bell Enable bell Reset Off line On line Paper out detector off Paper out detector on Unidirectional printing Bidirectional printing Backspace Delete Eighth bit on Eighth bit off Eighth bit as is Select international character set Define macro Use macro 72 Delta User s Manual Chapter 7 Creating Your Own Characters In the previous four chapters of this manual you ve learned how to control the Delta printer to give you dozens of different typefaces By using various combinations of pitches character weights and font selections you can create nearly any effect you want to in text And with international character sets and the spe cial text and graphics characters described in Chapter 6 you can print almost any character you can think of But if almost any character isn t good enough for you then it s a good thing you have a Delta printer With it you can actually create your own characters As you ll see in this chapter download characters can be used to print a logo special characters for foreign languages scientific and professional application
4. 53 IF Z G H THEN LOCATE X 4 Y 1 COLOR 7 PRINT tt tt 2 pos 549 REM PRINT THE COLUMN VALUES X pow 559 FOR I 1 TO 11 FOR J 1 TO 7 569 MM I MM I Z 3J 1 2 J 1 NEXT J NEXT I 57 J FOR I 1 TO 11 LOCATE 19 1 J PRINT RIGHT STR MM I 3 J J 3 NEXT I 589 GOSUB 669 RETURN 599 REM DISPLAY MENU FOR EDIT MODE 699 LOCATE 2 55 PRINT cursor movement 619 LOCATE 4 69 PRINT CHR 24 LOCATE 5 58 PRINT CHR 27 u 629 PRINT CHR 26 LOCATE 6 6 PRINT CHR 25 j 639 LOCATE 8 55 PRINT ins insert E 649 LOCATE 9 55 PRINT del delete 659 LOCATE 1 55 PRINT end exit edit RETURN 669 FOR I 1 TO 7 FOR J 1 TO 11 Z I J 2Q NEXT J NEXT I 679 LOCATE 24 2 PRINT E EDIT P PRINTER ESC END RETURN 689 REM XXXX PRINT MODE xxxx 699 LOCATE 2 5 INPUT NORMAL OR PROPORTIONAL N 1 P AN R 7 IF AN N THEN PR GOTO 75 71 IF AN P THEN GOTO 739 720 BEEP GOTO 699 739 LOCATE 21 5 INPUT ENTER THE PROPORTIONAL DATA 4 11 PR 749 IF PR 4 OR PR 11 THEN 739 759 LOCATE 22 5 INPUT IF SHIFTED DOWN ENTER 1 ELSE ENTER SH 769 IF SH f OR SH 1 THEN BEEP GOTO 759 779 LOCATE 23 5 INPUT ENTER YOUR ASCII CODE 33 126 OR 169 254 AS 789 IF AS 32 AND AS 126 OR AS 16 AND AS 254 THEN 779 98 Delta User s Manual 799 FOR I 2 TO 23 LOCATE 1 5 PRINT STRING 55 32 NEXT I 809 IF SH 1 THEN SH 16 ELSE SH 819 N1 AS N2 PR SH 82
5. 8 218 8 219 6 224 mM eb deu TE 232 233 28 234 8 235 P Ms ANE BBA Vsa 248 249 4 250 25 F Figure 6 1 Special Features 67 39 LPRINT I CHR I CHR 9 49 NEXT I LPRINT NEXT J Figure 6 1 shows what this program will print If your chart doesn t look like this because it has regular letters and numbers instead of the special symbols then your computer is only using seven bits unless you have set DIP switch 2 3 on by mistake You can get the correct printout by changing line 30 to this 39 LPRINT I CHR 27 gt CHR I CHR 27 CHR 9 So how are all of these strange characters used Here is a short program that demonstrates how the graphics characters can be combined to create figures If you have a 7 bit interface add lines 5 and 70 shown below the main listing NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR 6 20 LPRINT CHR 235 CHR 231 CHR 231 30 LPRINT CHR 233 CHR 163 4 LPRINT CHR 233 CHR 162 CHR 16 59 LPRINT CHR 237 CHR 232 69 LPRINT CHR 27 2 CHR 236 CHR 161 CHR 234 CHR 234 CHR 232 CHR 238 s t 465 4 167 4 TUA mou 4 75 C igi F n 182 n t 189 J 191 X 197 H 2 199 4 205 E k 207 I 213 fi 215 Du GE 22 R 223 4 a 229 a 30 231 DIT len A ali DEG M 245 1 246 247 4 253 4 254 h 255 68 Delta Use
6. IN I j gt gt C ed hd N tye E zac ae ET T o O mal M Oo Im italy gt control code The term macro is from the jargonese macro instruc tion which refers to an instruction that calls or uses a group of normal instructions In computer programming macro instruc tions which are similar to subroutines save programmers a lot of time and effort Delta s macro can save you a lot of time and effort also Here is how Delta s macro works You define your macro by telling Delta what normal control codes are to be included in the macro Then you can use the macro any time that you want and Delta will do all the things that you included in the macro defini tion You can include up to 16 codes in a single macro You can even use the macro to store a frequently used word or phrase There are two control codes for the macro one to define it and one to use it They are given in the table below Table 6 7 Macro instruction commands Function Contoloode ESC codes you include CHR 30 ESC To see how this works we can build a macro that will reset the printing style to normal no matter what style it may be to start with The following program will define a macro to do this 70 Delta User s Manual 19 LPRINT CHR 27 START DEFINITION OF MACRO 29 LPRINT CHR 18 39 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHR 9 49 LPRINT CHR
7. LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 HCDS Voila It should have printed out the four characters we defined Your printout should look like this vi If it doesn t check the last program we ran for errors then re run it Let s find out if there are any other characters in the download RAM Try this program 84 Delta User s Manual 19 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 36 CHR 1 29 FOR I 33 TO 126 LPRINT CHR I NEXT I 39 FOR I 16 TO 254 LPRINT CHR I NEXT I 49 LPRINT 59 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 36 CHR 9 Nope Just four characters in the download set This is incon venient for a couple of reasons First every time you wanted to use a download character you would have to switch back and forth between character sets Knowing that you wouldn t want to do that Delta won t even allow it Standard characters and download characters cannot be mixed in a line If you want to use download characters the command should appear at the begin ning of the line All subsequent characters even on following lines are printed with the download set until you return to the standard characters with an ESC CHR 0 Note that the ESC CHR 1 command can be in the middle of a line and that entire line will be printed with the download characters Like wise if you select the standard character set anywhere in a line the entire line will be printed with the standard characters Con flicting commands within a line can cause un
8. 27 F PICA EXPANDED OFF EMPHASIZED OFF ek m 5 LPRINT CHR 27 H DOUBLE STRIKE OFF 6 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR UNDERLINE OFF 7 LPRINT CHR 27 T SUPER amp SUBSCRIPTS OFF 89 LPRINT CHR 27 5 REGULAR PRINT 99 LPRINT CHR 39 END MACRO DEFINITION As the comments in the program listing show this will define a macro that will reset all the print style functions Delta will remember this macro until the power is turned off or until a new macro is defined A macro can hold up to 16 bytes characters of information The one that we defined contains fifteen Now that you have defined a macro let s see how to use it This program will print one line using several printing style fea tures Then it calls the macro in line 50 When line 60 prints the style is plain vanilla because the macro has reset it 19 LPRINT CHR 27 4 ITALIC 29 LPRINT CHR 27 G DOUBLE STRIKE 39 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHR 1 EXPANDED 49 LPRINT TESTING ONE TWO THREE 59 LPRINT CHR 27 USE THE MACRO 69 LPRINT TESTING FOUR FIVE SIX TES FING ONE v TLI TAREE TESTING FOUR FIVE SIX In this chapter we have learned many different commands that have many different uses In the next chapter we will make up for this diversity the whole chapter only covers three com mands But they are some of the most powerful that Delta offers They give you the ability to create your own characters
9. ESC R CHR n ESC N CHR n ESC o 53 Form feed Set page length to n lines Set page length to n inches Set top margin start printing on line n Set bottom margin leave n lines blank Clear top and bottom margins 54 Delta User s Manual Chapter 5 Formatting Your Output You have probably used the tab and margin features on a type writer They make it easier to format the text on a page Delta also has tabs and margins that you can set But it goes beyond the capa bilities of a typewriter because besides having tabs that go across the page called horizontal tabs Delta has vertical tabs that go down the page In this chapter we will discover how to use the tabs and margins on Delta When you turn Delta on there are horizontal tabs set automat ically every ten spaces If you start counting at column 1 they are at columns 10 20 30 40 etc It s easy to use these tabs you just send a CHR 9 to Delta and the print head will move to the next tab position CHR 9 is the ASCII code HT for horizontal tab 56 Delta User s Manual Try this one line program to demonstrate the use of the default horizontal tabs NEW 29 LPRINT ONE CHR 9 TWO CHR 9 THREE CHR 9 FOUR Here s what will print ONE TWO THREE FOUR Even though the words are different lengths they are spaced out evenly by the horizontal tabs CHR 9 is a problem with some computers Some BASICs
10. Installing the ink ribbon with its two spools is described in detail in Appendix A Just follow the diagrams Adjusting the Gap What s the gap The gap is the space between the print head and the platen Adjusting the gap is simply adjusting the printer to take different thicknesses of paper 14 Delta User s Manual Thickness adjustment lever Figure 1 13 Adjusting the print head gap lever allows you to obtain optimum print quality on paper ranging from 07 mm to 28 mm thick even 3 part carbonless sets To make the adjustment move the thickness adjustment lever which is immediately in front of the release lever shown in Figure 1 13 Pulling the thickness adjustment lever towards you will widen the gap pushing it away from you will narrow the gap Five positions are available you can feel the lever clicking into the various notches The second step illustrated is the one most commonly used for single sheets of paper The lever is straight up in this position You shouldn t encounter any difficulty in getting the right gap setting to fit your paper If necessary experiment you ll soon find the best position for the paper you re using Self Test The self test is a trial run of your beautiful new machine Delta carries a built in program that prints out sample lines of let ters numbers and other characters to show you that every thing s in good working order It also serves as a display of all
11. Mia M Figure 7 11 This is the complete command to send our heart character to the Delta printer Now let s send the information to the printer The following program will send the character definitions for all four characters to the printer Enter the program and run it 19 FOR I 1 TO 4 29 LPRINT CHR 27 x CHR 1 39 READ N1 N2 409 LPRINT CHR N1 CHR N2 59 FOR M 1 TO 11 69 READ M1 7 LPRINT CHR M1 89 NEXT M 99 NEXT Creating Your Own Characters 83 199 LPRINT 119 DATA 72 11 4 19 20 10 52 72 52 10 29 10 4 129 DATA 83 11 16 8 2 8 86 41 86 8 2 8 16 139 DATA 67 11 8 16 8 18 65 62 65 18 8 16 8 149 DATA 68 11 8 9 28 9 62 65 62 9 28 9 8 When you run this program it looks like nothing happens That s OK We ll see why in just a moment Save this program We ll need it again shortly Printing Download Characters You ve now defined and sent four characters to the Delta But how do you know that If you try printing those characters now type LPRINT HCDS you don t get a heart club diamond and spade Instead you get HCDS That s because the download characters are stored in a different part of Delta s memory To tell it to look in download character RAM instead of standard charac ter ROM it reguires another command ESC CHR n This command is used to select the download character set if n 1 or to select the standard character set if n 0 Let s try it out Enter this command
12. convert CHR 9 to a group of spaces that act like a sort of pseudo tab This is fine if the computer and the printer have the same tab settings but it doesn t allow us to use our own tab settings on Delta We can outsmart these computers by adding 128 to the ASCII value that we use Instead of using CHR 9 use CHR 137 for a tab command Even this trick won t work for Apple II com puters for they use CHR 9 for something else entirely Apple users can get some help in Appendix C Now add the following line to your program to set different horizontal tabs 19 LPRINT CHR 27 D CHR 8 CHR 16 CHR 24 CHR ESC D is the command to begin setting horizontal tabs It must be followed by characters representing the positions that you want the tabs set In our program we are setting tabs in col umns 8 16 and 24 The CHR 0 at the end ends the string of tabs In fact any character that is not greater than the previous one will stop setting tabs This means that you must put all your tab values in order from least to greatest or they won t all get set It also means that a CHR 1 is just as good as a CHR 0 for ending a group of tabs some computers have trouble sending CHR 0 Formatting Your Output 57 When you run the program now it produces this ONE TWO THREE FOUR The words are now closer together but still evenly spaced Turn your printer off and on again to reset the default tabs If you set tabs
13. Here it is ESC CHR 1 n1n2m1m2m3m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9m10m11 Creating Your Own Characters 81 mm m m My my m m My Mm m m m m m m m m M Mu k et DE 72 eo o Descender e 000000 000 n JB Descender ORN m Descender 16 Width ru i Format H l Esc Inm m i IC 00 N n Descender 16 Width 4 t Esc in n m m n L H va 4 20 52 52 20 4 F 3 41 8 8 0 jo TZ O 10 16 LO ko 20 106 m my m M m m m m m m gm m m m m m m m m MM M S n Descender f Width n Descender 16 Width t n Descender 16 Width Format N Esc inn m m i Esc innm m i tel FF p AE 8 27 6202 28 3 o 4030 O Figure 7 9 Character designs for the four card suits Like the other Delta commands it starts with an ESC CHR 27 The next character is an asterisk x which is CHR 42 followed by a CHR 1 n1 is the value we assign to the character in the case of the heart it is CHR 72 n2 is called the attribute byte for it describes two attributes of the character we have designed descender data and proportional width information A byte consists of eight bits In the attribute byte the first three high order bits are unused the fourth bit is used for the descender data and the last four bits are used for proportional widths We ll be discussing proportional character wid
14. LOCATE 18 1 PRINT CHR 192 229 FOR I 1 TO 1 PRINT L NEXT I 239 PRINT CHR 196 CHR 196 CHR 217 249 FOR I TO 6 LOCATE 5 1 2 6 PRINT 2 1 NEXT I 250 RETURN REM X END OF MATRIX SUBROUTINE KKKK 269 REM SINGLE CHARACTER INPUT EDIT LEVEL KKK K 279 LOCATE 5 11 PRINT CS GOSUB 599 289 A INKEY IF A THEN 289 299 B RIGHT A 1 300 IF B CHR 75 THEN GOSUB 399 GOTO 379 319 IF B CHR 77 THEN GOSUB 419 GOTO 379 329 IF B CHR 8 THEN GOSUB 43 GOTO 379 339 IF B CHR 72 THEN GOSUB 45 GOTO 379 349 IF B CHR 82 THEN GOSUB 47 GOTO 379 359 IF B CHR 83 THEN GOSUB 49 GOTO 379 369 IF B CHR 79 THEN GOSUB 5 GOTO 389 378 GOTO 289 389 RETURN REM END OF INPUT xxxx 399 GOSUB 92 Y Y 3 H H 1 IF Y 1 THEN BEEP Y 1 H 1 4 GOSUB 95 RETURN 419 GOSUB 92 Y Y 3 H H 1 IF Y 31 THEN BEEP Y 31 H 11 429 GOSUB 95 RETURN 43 GOSUB 92 X X 2 G G 1 IF X 13 THEN BEEP X 13 G 7 44 GOSUB 95 RETURN 450 GOSUB 92 X X 2 G G 1 IF X 1 THEN BEEP X 1 G 1 469 GOSUB 95 RETURN 47 IF Z G H 1 1 OR Z G H 1 1 THEN BEEP RETURN Creating Your Own Characters 97 48 Z G H 1 COLOR 31 1 LOCATE X 4 Y 19 PRINT SC COLOR 7 RETURN 49 Z G H COLOR 7 LOCATE X 4 Y 1 PRINT CS COLOR 7 9 RETURN 4 5 REM GET OUT OF EDIT MODE XXX m 519 FOR I 2 TO 19 LOCATE 1 55 PRINT STRING 2 32 NEXT I 52 IF Z G H 1 THEN LOCATE X 4 Y 1 COLOR 7 PRINT SC GOTO 54
15. a column you ll get a unigue description for any combination of dots answers Across the top of the grid you ve probably noticed the cryptic labeling of each column m1 m2 m3 etc These labels correspond to the labels in the command syntax statement which we ll get to shortly m m m m Ms Me m Mg MMM n Descender Width n Descender 16 Width Format Esc in n m my 4 20 52 52 20 4 D 10 42 10 15 Figure 7 8 Add the values of the dots in each column and write the sum of each column at the bottom 80 Delta User s Manual Assigning a value to your character We ve done a pretty thorough job of designing and describing a user defined character But the Delta has room for 189 download characters how does it know which user defined char acter we want to print Exactly the same way it knows which standard character we want to print every character is assigned a unique number The standard characters are assigned the ASCII codes num bers from 0 to 255 For the download character sets there are two banks of characters that can be defined values from 33 to 126 and 160 to 254 This means that once a character is defined and assigned a value and the download character set is selected you can use that character on the printer the same way you would any standard character You can send the character with the same ASCII value for instance if you had assigned your ch
16. but it can underline them too The control codes are shown in Table 3 5 Table 3 5 Underline commands Function Cenmocode Underline ON ESC CHR 1 Underline OFF ESC CHR 0 Again that s simple Let s try it with this program NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 29 LPRINT THIS IS UNDERLINED 3 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 49 LPRINT AND THIS IS NOT It should come out like this THIS IS UNDERLINED AND THIS IS NOT nrorerervetmrersoryramnsnersneeres vaaraa ite banan a baket it ata mr seu ent Vamma ue eee arene In this program underline is turned on in line 10 with ESC _ CHR 1 and then off in line 30 with ESC CHR 0 There s a new little wrinkle in this program though It all printed on one line The semicolons at the end of the first three lines told BASIC that those lines were to be continued Therefore BASIC didn t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines We just did this to illustrate that all these control codes can be used in the middle of a line It s easy to underline or italicize only part of a line Superscripts and subscripts We have seen how Delta can print in 6 different widths Delta 36 Delta User s Manual can also print in two different heights of characters The smaller characters are called superscripts and subscripts and are half the height of normal characters Superscripts print even with the tops of regular printing whil
17. in one pitch such as pica and then change the pitch say to elite the tab settings will also change If for example the tabs are set every eight spaces when you change pitch they will still be set every eight spaces but the spaces will be a different width A one shot tab command Suppose you need to move to a position across the page but you only need to do it once It doesn t make much sense to set up a tab to use only one time There must be an easier way and of course there is The solution is called a one time tab and is ESC b CHR n This command moves the print head n columns to the right It has the same effect as sending n spaces to the printer Setting Left and Right Margins Delta s left and right margins work just like a typewriter once they are set all the printing is done between them The com mands to set the margins are given in the following table Table 5 1 Left and right margin commands Funcion Control code Set left margin at column n ESC M CHR n Set right margin at column n ESC Q CHR n Try setting Delta s margins with this program NEW 19 GOSUB 199 29 LPRINT CHR 27 M CHR 19 58 Delta User s Manual 39 LPRINT CHR 27 Q CHR 79 49 GOSUB 199 59 END 199 FOR I 1 TO 89 119 LPRINT X 129 NEXT I 139 LPRINT 149 RETURN The first thing that this program does is to branch to the sub routine that starts in line 100 This subroutine p
18. line of pica type or 136 characters of condensed type Delta 15 can print 136 characters per line of pica type or 233 characters per line of con densed type One of the other options on this menu is send setup codes to printer This is how we tell Delta that we want to use condensed print The code to switch Delta into condensed print is ASCII 15 or control O So to switch on condensed type use the Output command and after selecting D isplay and entering the range to print select the S etup option and the S etup Manual setup codes sub option Then at the prompt that says Enter codes CR when done type control O Remember to enter con trol O you hold down the CTRL key while you press the O key That s the letter Oh not the number zero Then just press return and select P rint to print your report You only need to go through this procedure once each time you use SuperCalc because Delta will stay in compressed print until it s turned off or reset You might also wish to use some of Delta s other features with SuperCalc Find the code for the feature you wish to use in Appen dix K and use the same procedure given here Remember that Appendix M can be used to translate between the different names for the codes Using Delta with word processors Not many word processing programs recognize the advanced 22 Delta User s Manual features of printers like Delta They usually provide for some method of mak
19. reguires special handling To enter the Escape code first enter control O hold the Ctrl key while you press the letter O Then press the Esc key The Escape charac ter shows on the screen as a left pointing arrow Now just type the number 4 and you re done When you want to end the italic you need to enter Escape 5 Use the same procedure enter control O Esc and then 5 You can use many of Delta s features this way Find the codes that you need in Appendix K and then if necessary use Appendix M to translate the codes into the form your word processor uses A note to WordStar users WordStar is probably the most pop ular word processing program in the world But it provides no way to enter special printer control codes from the keyboard WordStar does however provide you with a way to use some of Delta s advanced features WordStar has four special commands that you can use to access Delta s features These are called user printer controls and are control P O control P W control P E and control P R You might use two of these to turn italic on and off and the other two for some other function The process of set ting up these codes is called patching and is done with the Getting Started With Delta 23 install program that comes with WordStar The procedure is fairly involved but it is explained in the WordStar manual If you have trouble figuring it out ask for assistance where you bought Word Star Using this b
20. s take a tour around the controls You ll find that all of the operating controls are on the right side of the printer On off power switch towards the backside This turns on the electricity to your machine Platen knob middle right side Lets you manually turn the platen just like a typewriter CAUTION Turn this knob only with power switch off Turn ing it with the power on could damage the platen drive gears A Closer Look 3 CO POWER CI READY CION LINE PAPER O out Platen knob Power switch Control panel Figure 1 2 All of Delta s controls are on the right side Control panel on top right corner These three buttons and four status lamps are your day to day operational controls Here s what they do Power lamp glows green when the power is on Ready lamp glows green when the printer is ready to accept data This light flickers during transmission Don t worry about the flicker it s normal On Line lamp glows green when data transmission is pos sible Paper Out lamp glows red when printer is out of paper and stops printing On Line button lets you change the mode from on line to off line When it s on line the printer can receive data from the computer When it s off line you can advance the paper with the form feed and line feed buttons F F button stands for Form Feed When you re off line you can tap this button and advan
21. setting new standards for the computer printer industry and you re part of it Congratulations and welcome aboard First about this manual It s another first in our industry the first to be truly written not just for the person who does his own programming but for the first time user or anyone else who prefers to leave the programming to others and simply inserts his store bought programs software into his computer printer sys tem Someone very much like you perhaps You ll find using this manual easy and pleasant We ve gone to great lengths to make it so as it s master minded by solid experts in the arcane art of computer science and written by egually pro ficient practitioners in the art of Plain English iv Delta User s Manual As a first example look over the Table of Contents and you ll see what we mean Whether you re a greenhorn or a wizard ev erybody will find what they need to know to fulfill their expecta tions We suggest that each new owner user before you even unpack the box read or at least scan Chapters 1 and 2 A Closer Look and Getting Started with Delta as well as Appendix A Unpacking and Installation Now you can unpack the box and start putting things together When you re ready to connect up your computer to your Delta look at Appendices B through G for directions applying to your make of computer Remember Delta has both serial and par allel interfaces so ther
22. skip the first six lines and the last six lines on each page except for the first page where Delta started printing at the top That s because the top margin only works after a form feed and we didn t send Delta a form feed after we set the top margin Line 10 sets the top margin line 20 sets the bottom margin and line 60 clears both margins when we are done 52 Delta User s Manual Oo F THIS IS LINE t THIS IS LINE 7 n THIS IS LINE 3 o THIS IS LINE 4 THIS IS LINE 5 THIS IS LINE 6 o THIS IS LINE 7 THIS IS LINE 8 ve THIS 1S LINE 9 S IS LINE 10 IS LINE tt NE is THIS IS LINE o THIS 19 LINE 55 THIS IS LINE 5 THIS IS LINE 57 THIS IS LINE Ce O THIS IG LINE 29 m THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE 41 THIS IS LINE 62 THIS TS LINE 4 It o THIS IS LINE 116 THIS IS LINE 117 O THIS IS LINE 118 THIS IS LINE 119 THIS IS LINE 120 O THIS 15 LINE FT Summary Control code Function CHR39 10 Line feed CHR 13 Carriage return ESC A CHR n Set line spacing to n 72 inch ESC 3 CHR n Set line spacing to n 144 inch ESC 0 Set line spacing to 1 8 inch ESC 1 Set line spacing to 7 72 inch ESC 2 Set line spacing to 1 6 inch lt ESC J CHR n One time line feed of n 144 inch ESC a CHR n Advance the paper n lines Line Spacing and Forms Control CHR 12 ESC C CHR n ESC C CHR 0 CHR n
23. t tr tr f f r t titt bb r rd 1 9 ENLARGED CHR 27 CHR 87 CHR 1 119g NOT ENLARGED CHR 27 CHR 87 CHR 111 PICA CHR 27 CHR 66 CHR 1 1129 ELITE CHR 27 CHR 66 CHR 2 1139 CONDENSED CHR 27 CHR 66 CHR 3 38 Delta User s Manual 114g UINTI 11 I SPECIAL PRINT MODES tt ft tt tt titt tt ET 115 EMPHASIZED CHR 27 CHR 69 1169 NOT EMPHASIZED CHR 27 CHR 7 1179 DOUBLE STRIKE CHR 27 CHR 71 1189 NOT DOUBLE STRIKE CHR 27 CHR 72 1199 UNDERLINED CHR 27 CHR 45 CHR 1 1299 NOT UNDERLINED CHR 27 CHR 45 CHR 1219 SUPERSCRIPT CHR 27 CHR 83 CHR 122 SUBSCRIPT CHR 27 CHR 83 CHR 1 1239 NOT SCRIPTED CHR 27 CHR 84 1249 RESET ALL NOT EMPHASIZED NOT UNDERLINED NOT DOUBLE STRIKE 1259 RESET ALL RESET ALL ROMAN PICA NOT ENLARGED 1269 rrrtrrtitrt ri tOONSTANTS 1tttiiriretiiyitet 1279 TRUE 1 FALSE 9 1289 REGULAR HEADING STRING 27 REGULAR STRING 27 1299 RETURN 2 TTT INTTI ET GCEECECPEEECEOEEUGUGPE CERE CH ET 2919 t 2020 PRINT HEADING 2939 i 2049 TUUTTI TIITU PUPU UPN PUKUA RNK KUU K KKP NKP URKURIN AN 2059 LPRINT RESET ALL 2969 LPRINT ENLARGED NORMAL ENLARGED 2970 LPRINT RESET ALL 2989 LPRINT UNDERLINED 2999 LPRINT CONDENSED CONDENSED sa 2 21 LPRINT ELITE ELITE 21190 LP
24. the characters available in the Delta And finally it s a warm up that permits you to check your installation of ribbon and paper and the adjustment of the print head gap A Closer Look 15 Best of all you don t have to wait another minute you can print the self test without hooking up the Delta to your computer It s as simple as 1 2 3 1 Plug the printer s power cord into a 120 VAC outlet 2 Insert a sheet of paper 3 While holding down the L F button turn the power switch on Surprised you didn t it How did you like that blinding speed 160 characters per second And the amazing array of type faces symbols and graphics The sample print out contains characters in the following sizes and type faces all of them stored in the printer s permanent memory utc E ii QA0122455789 z 2 790BCDEFGHIJEKLMNOFGQRSTUVWXYZLN1 abcdefghiiklmno parstuvar yst MOT p TE ae eA eOT tQUIAOXI R c aH gt t EEDUS KI FAGUTREDOUFBEUERT a sad SP THI P 444 Ies ze O 01234567B9 1 lt GARCDEFGHIJELMNOP RSTUVWXYZENI abcdefghi iki mmoparstuvwxyz i JULLI Le OTE 1090 EA GOT RAUTGMALOX AACHEN t SEOU TK FAGUERSDUPBUBAT a aua PRI AT Hi Oe UM bt 0123456789 gt I0ABCDCFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWKYZIJ abcdefghijklanoparstuvuaytii IWF 446408 9D MHIL uL OI Ra EID E NTODUUEUTTDERNESOT Ve S KTE CBA 012349567 ES go i 280RCDEFGHIJTKLMNOPRRETHUMXYZUNV2 abodefghi kleno pa
25. the other controls the space at the bottom of the page The control codes are given in the following table Table 4 3 Top and bottom margin commands Line Spacing and Forms Control 51 In both cases the value of n tells Delta how many lines to skip although there is a slight difference in the usage When you set the top margin with ESC R CHR n the value of n tells Delta what line to start printing on When you set the bottom margin with ESC N CHR n the value of n tells Delta how many blank lines should be left at the bottom of the page Let s try a simple application to see how these margins work Enter this program which will print 150 lines without top and bottom margins NEW 39 FOR I 1 TO 159 49 LPRINT THIS IS LINE I 59 NEXT 79 LPRINT CHR 12 When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations When it s done line 70 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of the next page Look at the lines that have printed near the perforations Separate the sheets and see if any of the lines have been torn in half These are the problems that the top and bottom margins will solve Now add the following lines to your program Don t forget the semicolons or you won t get quite the same results that we did 19 LPRINT CHR 27 N CHR 6 29 LPRINT CHR 27 R CHR 6 69 LPRINT CHR 27 O Now when you run the program Delta will
26. this double strike and emphasized print Both of these go over the characters Printing Text With Delta 33 twice but they use slightly different methods to darken the char acters Let s try them and see what the difference is The following table shows the control codes for getting into and out of double strike and emphasized modes Table 3 3 Print emphasis commands Function Control code ESC G ESC H ESC E ESC F Try them now with this little program NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 G 29 LPRINT THIS IS DOUBLE STRIKE PRINTING 39 LPRINT CHR 27 H CHR 27 E 49 LPRINT THIS IS EMPHASIZED PRINTING 59 LPRINT CHR 27 G 69 LPRINT AND THIS IS BOTH AT ONCE 7 LPRINT CHR 27 H CHR 27 F Run this program The results will look like this THIS IS DOUBLE STRIKE PRINTING THIS IS EMPHASIZED PRINTING AND THIS IS BOTH AT ONCE Line 10 turns on double strike with ESC G and line 20 prints a line of text In line 30 double strike is turned off with ESC H and then emphasized is turned on with ESC E Line 40 prints a line of emphasized text Line 50 then turns dou ble strike back on so that line 60 can print in both at once Finally line 70 turns both off so that Delta is set for normal printing Look closely at the different lines of printing In the line of double strike printing each character has been printed twice and they are moved down
27. up the tractor unit While depressing the two snap levers guide it down to the two stoppers when the hooks slide over the stopper bars let go of the snap levers to lock it in place Next if you haven t already install the paper separator and paper guide see Appendix A and we re ready to start loading A 1 Turn the power switch off and remove the printer cover 2 Pull the release lever on left side to position T 3 Raise the paper press bar lift the paper separator upright 4 Place the stack of fan fold paper behind the printer 5 Open the tractor covers atop the right and left sprocket units as shown in Figure 1 9 6 Flip the clamp levers forward This allows the two sprocket er units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper 7 Pick up the top sheet and feed it between the paper chute and platen cover plate 8 Push the paper down and forward so it wraps around the pla ten 3 gen S t a S is A v a a V 3 2 8 5 E E di 3 amp a a E So 5 e x HE 5 S69 2 2 o n 8 S Sa v PE EG g So E e 26 S op 25 2 n so K 38 S R O si 8 O lt SR Q n E S o SIR S gt o 9 E E ET 5 n gt 2 vw Oo Oo H ss n E S eI 2 5 amp e 5 a Q vi ow mon 2 Bo za 202 ob m 2 iz A Closer Look 11 9 Return the paper separator to its original flat po
28. with Delta But first there are a few fundamentals that we need to cover Establishing communications We ve learned something about communicating with our printer Now we need to adapt what we know to printing in a BASIC program Generally computers use about the same proce dure for printing in a program as they do to list a program Again take a few moments to look at the appendix that relates to your computer We ll continue when you have it all figured out Inen P T T NET NER r f Getting Started With Delta 25 Welcome back Let s try what we learned Type the following NEW 19 LPRINT TESTING RUN Remember we use LPRINT you may have to use something else At any rate you should have the word TESTING on your printer Ouite an achievement isn t it Let s get done with this simple stuff so that we can go on to something interesting The CHR function We mentioned CHR earlier as one way to express ASCII codes We are going to use it a lot in communicating with Delta Delta uses many of the ASCII codes that don t represent letters and numbers The CHR function gives us an easy way to send these codes to the printer Try this to see how the CHR function works NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 68 RUN That should print a D for Delta If you check the chart in Appendix I you will see that 68 is the ASCII code for D Control codes Delta uses many of the non printing ASCII cod
29. 155 LPRINT 169 LPRINT Standard characters without proportional Spacing 179 LPRINT 175 LPRINT 189 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 Mississippi 199 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 9 200 LPRINT Download characters without proportional Spacing 219 LPRINT 215 LPRINT 220 LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR 1 Mississippi 239 LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR 9 249 LPRINT Download characters with proportional spacing 90 Delta User s Manual One thing to remember about defining proportional charac ters a character cannot be wider than the specitied width That seems obvious enough For example if you specify a width of 6 for a character the seventh through eleventh columns of dots if you specified any will not print You must however send information even if it is 0 for those columns when you define a character Delta expects eleven characters following the ESC CHR 1 n1 n2 sequence In most cases the width you select should actually be one dot wider than the number of columns that the character actually occupies This is so that there will be a space of one dot between characters when you print them If you specify a width which is exactly the same as the number of columns in the character defini tion the characters will touch when they print this is sometimes desirable for border characters or for large download characters that are more than eleven dots wide Printing proportional characters Printing with proporti
30. 4 96 12 0 124 3 1 730 DATA 9 6 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 749 EIGHT 759 DATA 11 0 9 8 0 24 36 24 102 24 192 9 769 DATA 11 67 67 99 28 34 28 34 28 77 DATA 11 12 18 44 19 198 19 96 1 64 0 64 78 DATA 11 96 1 112 15 48 15 16 14 799 NINE 89g DATA 11 12 4 12 6 12 6 3 819 DATA 11 3 9 3 9 67 4 123 4 122 4 129 829 DATA 11 48 56 113 99 99 99 839 DATA 11 9 115 9 57 9 31 9 15 9 7 9 849 SPACE 859 DATA 11 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 9 9 9 2 0123456789 Figure 7 17 The output for characters like this must be carefully planned Mixing Print Modes with Download Characters It s possible to get even more printing effects by combining download characters with the various print modes available with Delta Most of the commands that you learned in Chapter 3 work with normal width download characters as well as standard char acters A few of them will work with proportional download char acters as well Table 7 3 summarizes the various print modes and their compatibility with download characters Creating Your Own Characters 95 Table 7 3 Mixing download characters with various print modes Normal width Proportional Escape Escape X Standard Characters Italic Pica x Condensed Expanded T Double strike Emphasized x A Utility Program If you ve followed along this far you ve probably become pretty proficient at designing download cha
31. 6 Delta User s Manual increments of 1 144 inch Change line 30 in your program so it is like this 39 LPRINT CHR 27 3 CHR I and run the program again Now the results will look like this lt D Ti i D o r m 7 FER H ce EIE 2222 mmm VARIABLE LINE VARIABLE LINE VARIABLE LINE VARIABLE LINE SFACING VARIABLE LINE SFACING The program works just the same as before but the line spac ings are just half what they were This is because ESC 3 CHR n sets the line spacing to n 144 inch Here are all the line spacing commands including several shortcut commands for commonly used line spacings Table 4 1 Line spacing commands Function 0 Gontoloode One time line feed of n 144 inch ESC J CHR n Let s take a look at the last command in the table which gives a one time line feed of n 144 inch The ESC J CHR n com Line Spacing and Forms Control 47 mand does not change the setting of the line spacing but it does cause the printer to make one line feed of n 144 inch Try this program to see how it works NEW 19 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 1 29 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 2 39 LPRINT CHR 27 J CHR 199 49 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 3 59 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 4 Here is what Delta will produce LINE NUMBER LINE NUMBER Hj lt LINE NUMBER LINE NUMBER fd The ESC J CHR 100 in line 30 changes the line spacing to 100 144 for one line o
32. 8 2 8 16 214Q DATA 67 11 8 16 8 18 65 62 65 18 8 16 8 2159 DATA 68 11 8 9 28 0 62 65 62 0 28 0 8 3009 Deal cards 3919 FOR CARD 1 TO 52 3920 X INT RND 4 1 3030 IF HAND X 13 THEN 3929 ELSE HAND X HAND X 1 3949 DECK CARD X 3059 NEXT CARD 3 6 RETURN 4 Print four hands 4010 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 9 NORTH 4929 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 CHR 27 CHR 7 4939 HAND 1 4949 FOR SUIT TO 3 4959 LPRINT CHR 9 4969 GOSUB 4399 407g LPRINT 4989 NEXT SUIT 4999 LPRINT CHR 27 WEST CHR 9 CHR 9 EAST 4109 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 CHR 27 CHR 79 411g FOR SUIT TO 3 4120 HAND 2 4139 GOSUB 4399 4149 LPRINT CHR 9 CHR 9 4159 HAND 3 4169 GOSUB 4399 Creating Your Own Characters 87 4179 LPRINT 4189 NEXT SUIT 4199 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 9 SOUTH 4299 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 CHR 27 CHR 79 421 HAND 4 4229 FOR SUIT TO 3 423 LPRINT CHR 9 424 GOSUB 43 425 LPRINT 426 NEXT SUIT i 4270 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR CHR 27 CHR 79 4280 RETURN S 4299 Print one line 430g LPRINT SUIT SUIT N 4319 FOR CARD 13 TO 1 STEP 1 4320 IF DECK SUIT 13 CARD HAND THEN LPRINT CARDS CARD 4330 NEXT CARD 4349 RETURN Note that we didn t have to re enter the download characters since they were already sent to the printer with the previous pro gram They will stay with the printer until you download new characters to replac
33. BASIC look in the appendix to see what changes you need to make for your BASIC The appendix tells you how to change the short example pro grams and gives complete listings of the longer programs already converted for your computer You have already printed a few lines on your Delta printer Now it s time to start looking at the many variations of printing style that you have available to you The first technigue that we 30 Delta User s Manual will investigate is changing the width of the characters that Delta prints Changing the print pitch In printer talk character width is called pitch Normally Delta prints 10 characters per inch This is called pica pitch because it s the same spacing as a standard pica typewriter Delta can also print 12 characters per inch This is called elite pitch because it is the same spacing as an elite typewriter Condensed print is approximately 17 characters per inch actually it s 17 14 characters per inch Condensed pitch allows you to get 136 columns of printing on an 8 inch page You tell Delta which pitch you want to use with the ESC B command The table below shows the three options of this command Table 3 1 Print pitch commands Pitch Charactersinch __Controlcode Let s see how these three pitches look Try this program NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 2 29 LPRINT THIS IS ELITE PITCH PRINTING 39 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 3 4 LPRIN
34. CII pronounced ask key There are ASCII codes for all the letters of the alphabet both lower case and capital the numbers from O to 9 most punctuation marks and some but not all of Delta s functions ASCII codes are referred to in several different ways depend ing on the way they are used Some times these codes are treated as regular numbers For example the letter A is represented by the number 65 in ASCII Appendix M shows all of the ASCII codes In BASIC ASCII codes are used in the CHR function This function is used to print the character that is represented by the number in the CHR function The BASIC statement PRINT CHR 65 will print an A on the terminal In some other programming languages ASCII codes are referred to by their hex value Hex is short for hexadecimal which is a base 16 number system Our usual numbers are base 20 Delta User s Manual 10 Since hex needs 16 digits it uses the numbers 0 through 9 and then it uses the letters A through F for digits The ASCII code for the letter A is 41 in HEX Of course most of the time we don t even need to think about this code system Our computers are smart enough to know that when we press the A key on our keyboard we want to print the letter A The computer takes care of all the rest But there are a number of ASCII codes that don t have keys on the keyboard The most important of these codes are the codes that have ASCII v
35. Delta User s Manual SiC micronics tnc THE POWER BEHIND THE PRINTED WORD NOT INTENDED FOR SALE Federal Communications Commission Radio Freguency Interference Statement This eguipment generates and uses radio freguency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause interference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause inter ference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the eguip ment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient the receiving antenna e Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver Move the computer away from the receiver Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on different branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television techni cian for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commi
36. FOR I 1 TO 11 MM MM CHR MM I NEXT I 839 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 CHR N1 CHR N2 MM 849 IF AN N THEN LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 GOTO 869 85 LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR 1 869 FOR I 1 TO 2 LPRINT CHR N1 NEXT I LPRINT 870 LPRINT CHR 14 FOR I 1 TO 1 LPRINT CHR N1 Wee NEXT I LPRINT CHR 29 889 LPRINT CHR 15 FOR I 1 TO 29 LPRINT CHR N1 NEXT I LPRINT CHR 18 89 IF AN N THEN LPRINT CHR 27 CHR GOTO 919 9 LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR 91 LPRINT CHR 27 Q MM RETURN REM END OF PRINT MODE 929 IF Z G H THEN LOCATE X 4 Y 1 PRINT 93 IF Z G H 1 THEN LOCATE X 4 Y 1 COLOR 7 9 PRINT SC 940 RETURN 95g IF Z G H 1 THEN COLOR 31 1 LOCATE X 4 Y 19 PRINT CS COLOR 7 9 969 IF Z G H THEN COLOR 7 9 LOCATE X 4 Y 19 PRINT CS COLOR 7 9 97 RETURN Summary Control code Function ESC CHR 1 n1 n2 m1 m11 Defines download character into RAM ESC CHR 0 Copies fonts in ROM into download RAM ESC X CHR 1 Selects the download character set and uses proportional spacing ESC X CHR 0 Cancels proportional download charac ter set ESC CHR 1 Selects the download character set and uses normal spacing ESC CHR 0 Cancels normal download character set
37. L 355 BLANK STRING 6 32 FOUR DOTY 3560 IF EMPHASIZED FALSE THEN LPRINT ABed GOTO 3619 3579 IF PICA FALSE THEN LPRINT FOUR DOT GOTO 3599 3589 LPRINT EMPHASIZED ABcd 3599 IF ENLARGED TRUE THEN LPRINT ELSE LPRINT BLANK 3690 RETURN 3619 11111071 1 T EMPHASIZED FALSE t tt trtttttrttt 362 IF ENLARGED TRUE THEN LPRINT RETURN 363 LPRINT SUPERSCRIPT Xx 364 LPRINT SUBSCRIPT Yy 3659 LPRINT NOT SCRIPTED 3669 RETURN 40 Delta User s Manual Here is the chart it produces NORMAL ENLARGED CONDENSED ELITE _ FICA CONDENSED ELITE _ FICA _ XREGULARX ABcd vy ABcd ARcd ABcd ABcd AEBCd ABed vy ABcd v ABcd v ABcd ARBcd ABcd _ hol ABCd y ABCd y ABCd ABCA ARoc Mcr ABCd y ABCJI y ABcd ABC 190 XDOUBLE STRIKER ABcd v ABcdx v ABCd ABcd ABcd ABc dv ABcd vy ABcd ABcd ABCA ABed Med ABcd ARcd y ABcd ABcd Bd ABcd y ABcd xy RBE AN y AB C d og Q Eg XEMFHASIZEDX ABcd e ee ee ABCC ABcd ties wenn QBC E ABcd aani zz DBA XDOUBLE STRIKE amp EMFHASIZEDX sta Ran n ABcd s a LJ ABE ci mun 1150 fcd ss a 222 ADS son e ooo ABcd o e e a D d 4 20 cuo nut eres BBed pars 22s FEES Summary Control code Function ESC B CHR 1 Sets pica pitch ESC B CHR 2 ESC B CHR 3 CHR 18 Sets elite pitch Sets condensed pitch Sets pica pitch Printing Text
38. RINT PICA PICA L N 2120 LPRINT CONDENSED CONDENSED 2139 LPRINT ELITE ELITE 2149 LPRINT PICA PICA a 2159 LPRINT RESET ALL 216 RETURN 3 ttrtrrrrrrrrretrrttritttorttttrirtrtyrtri 3919 i 3020 PRINT FOUR LINES t 3939 h d 3040 prr ttt Tg ttp OL TIT JO 10 00 0 10 N JON JONA NLA Printing Text With Delta 39 3959 ITALICS FALSE LPRINT ROMAN 3960 UNDERLINED FALSE LPRINT NOT UNDERLINED 3 7 ENLARGED FALSE LPRINT NOT ENLARGED 3989 PICA FALSE 399g 1 11ttrrrirrpRINT PITCHES 10 1711101 n ng gn nr 3199 LPRINT CONDENSED 3119 GOSUB 3599 PRINT AS REQUIRED 3129 LPRINT ELITE 3139 GOSUB 3599 PRINT AS REQUIRED p 3149 LPRINT PICA PICA TRUE E 3159 GOSUB 3599 PRINT AS REQUIRED EP V 3169 trrrer ret orp WHAT HAS BEEN DONE tt tr tt tittet 1 3170 IF ENLARGED TRUE THEN LPRINT GOTO 3199 CHECK IF UNDERLINED 3189 LPRINT ENLARGED ENLARGED TRUE GOTO 3989 ELSE CONTINUE LINE 3199 IF UNDERLINED TRUE THEN LPRINT GOTO 3219 CHECK IF ITALICS 3290 LPRINT UNDERLINED UNDERLINED TRUE GOTO 3978 ELSE PRINT UNDERLINE 3219 IF ITALICS TRUE THEN LPRINT RESET ALL RETURN 3229 LPRINT ITALIC ITALICS TRUE GOTO 39069 REPEAT WITH ITALICS 3500 rtt tt 1 11 t1 t1 f1 t1 t1 t1 A tL l1 t 2 1 JA 1 10 1000 1 2000 t1 tf1 tf lt tf 1 11 3519 t t 3529 PRINT AS REQUIRED 3539 354 FORET EET REFERERE F T RK KER E F TTER EET JON ON KOL ARN AN SN
39. Specifying the number of columns of dots Specifying the graphics data 1 Combining text and graphics Printing a Design or Logo Plotting with Delta How the program works Using Delta for business graphics High Resolution Graphics If You Have Problems wiih BASIC Summary Chapter 9 Getting It All Together 119 Chapter 10 Maintenance 123 he Cleaning Delta Removing the Upper Case Replacing a Fuse Replacing the Print Head Appendix A Setting Up Delta 131 Where shall we put it What have we here Removing the shipping screws Removing the packing from inside the printer Installing the platen knob Removing the tractor unit Attaching the paper separator and paper guide Installing the ribbon Eu Installing the printer cover Connecting Delta to your computer Appendix B IBM Personal Computer and Compaq 139 Recommended DIP switch settings for IBM PC BASIC programming viii Delta User s Manual Listing programs Program listings Appendix C Apple II Computers 143 Setting the switches Applesoft BASIC Listing programs Program listings Chart program Special character chart program Macro program Bridge hand program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot program Pie chart program Appendix D TRS 80 Computers 161 Recommended DIP switch settings for TRS 80 TRS 80 BASIC Chart program Special character chart program Macro program Bridge hand program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot p
40. T CONDENSED IS THE NARROWEST PITCH 59 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 1 69 LPRINT NOW WE ARE BACK TO PICA PITCH PRINTING When you run this program you should get this THIS IS ELITE FITCH FRINTING CONDENSED IS THE NARROWEST PITCH NOW WE ARE BACK TO FICA FITCH PRINTING Printing Text With Delta 31 Line 10 turns on elite pitch with ESC B CHR 2 Line 20 prints a line at 12 characters per inch The ESC B CHR3 3 in line 30 changes Delta to condensed pitch and line 40 prints a line in condensed pitch Line 50 resets Delta to pica pitch and line 60 prints a line in pica pitch Pica pitch and condensed pitch can be set with shortcut codes Instead of using ESC B CHR n you can set them with a single code CHR 18 sets pica pitch and CHR 15 sets condensed pitch You can not set elite pitch with a single code Expanded print Each of Delta s three print pitches can be enlarged to twice its normal width This is called expanded print Try this program to see how it works NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 14 THIS LINE IS EXPANDED 2 LPRINT BUT THIS LINE IS NOT THIS LIME IS EXxFANDETL BUT THIS LINE IS NOT Expanded print set with CHR 14 is automatically canceled at the end of the line This is convenient in many applications such as for one line titles Note that you don t need to put an ESC in front of the CHR 14 although ESC CHR 14 works just the same Sometimes you may wish to stay in expan
41. T DOWN CHAR PROP LINE 12 349 ZERO 359 DATA 11 96 16 1 4 16 44 3 14 2 1 a 369 DATA 11 2 1 2 1 6 8 38 88 32 88 32 379 DATA 11 3 12 19 12 51 96 96 96 N 389 DATA 11 9 32 9 48 0 28 3 12 3 3 399 ONE W 499 DATA 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 4 9 4 126 419 DATA 9 12 114 12 114 12 2 0 9 0 0 0 429 DATA 11 64 0 64 0 64 0 64 32 80 47 80 o 439 DATA 9 47 89 47 64 9 64 9 64 9 9 9 449 TWO zo 459 DATA 11 9 9 9 9 9 12 16 14 9 6 9 469 DATA 11 3 3 7 56 7 56 4 24 47 DATA 11 64 9 64 32 64 32 80 32 80 49 64 E 489 DATA 11 44 64 38 65 34 65 32 8 32 88 49 THREE Ma 599 DATA 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 2 4 2 4 519 DATA 11 34 84 34 92 34 76 34 68 2 64 9 F 52 DATA 11 16 0 48 0 56 64 48 64 32 64 32 530 DATA 11 64 32 64 48 9 54 9 22 9 6 1 Mas 549 FOUR 559 DATA 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 64 36 88 32 16 569 DATA 11 0 9 64 32 64 56 64 69 2 12 9 E 570 DATA 11 8 4 1 5 1 5 8 4 72 4 589 DATA 11 88 38 89 38 89 6 73 4 8 6 599 FIVE 69g DATA 11 64 32 84 5 76 34 68 619 DATA 19 34 68 34 68 34 68 2 68 2 9 0 629 DATA 19 9 32 24 191 24 97 9 64 9 64 9 94 Delta User s Manual 630 DATA 11 64 0 96 1 48 15 48 15 16 15 9 649 SIX 659 DATA 11 9 96 9 112 9 120 9 92 9 192 9 669 DATA 11 98 9 98 9 98 0 70 0 14 0 6 670 DATA 11 7 8 23 8 55 8 99 0 65 9 6 689 DATA 11 96 112 1 62 1 3 1 14 699 SEVEN 7 DATA 11 16 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 719 DATA 9 79 8 192 8 54 8 6 9 2 9 9 729 DATA 11 6
42. With Delta CHR 15 CHRS 14 ESC CHR 14 ESC W CHRS 1 ESC W CHRS 0 ESC G ESC H ESC E ESC F ESC 4 ESC 5 ESC CHR 1 ESC CHR 0 ESC S CHR 0 ESC S CHR 1 ESC T 41 Sets condensed pitch One line expanded One line expanded Expanded on Expanded off Double strike on Double strike off Emphasized on Emphasized off Italic on Italic off Underline on Underline off Superscript on Subscript on Super amp subscript off 42 Delta User s Manual Chapter 4 Line Spacing and Forms Control We have learned how to print in many different ways but so far we haven t looked at how to position the printing on the page In this chapter we will learn how to change the vertical spacing and the length of the page Starting New Lines Up until now the only time we have thought about printing on a new line is when we didn t want it to happen We learned that putting a semicolon at the end of a BASIC line will not end the line of printing So somehow the computer is telling the printer 44 Delta User s Manual when to end one line and start another There are two codes that are used to end one line and start another They are carriage return CHR 13 and line feed CHR 10 The codes are simple but their action is a little confus ing especially with BASIC Carriage return is the easiest Each time that t
43. ading Delta 15 Turn the power switch off and remove the printer cover Pull the release lever to position T Figure 1 4 Raise the paper press bar Place the stack of sprocket feed paper below the printer ide ally on a specially built printer table with a built in slot Open the tractor covers right and left Figure 1 9 Flip the clamp levers forward This allows the two sprocket units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper Pick up the first sheet and lift it up and through the slot in the bottom of the Delta 15 Push the paper up to the front of the platen roller Feed the top sheet inside the paper press bar and past the pla ten high enough so you can grip the paper from above the printer Pull the paper up past the sprocket wheels When the holes fit snugly over the nubby teeth close tractor covers and snap the clamp levers back into the locked posi tions A Closer Look 13 12 With the platen knob roll the paper up or down until the cor rect start print position is reached This position is achieved by lining up the horizontal perforation with the top of the rib bon guide as shown in Figure 1 11 13 Now we re ready to roll replace the printer cover and turn on the power switch Speedy printing Figure 1 12 Delta 15 can be loaded from the back like Delta 10 or from the bottom as shown here Ribbon Installation
44. after telling the rest of you how to follow along Microsoft BASIC is used by TRS 80 computers IBM PC com puters many CP M computers and many other computers Look in your BASIC manual it will probably say if it s Microsoft BASIC Next we need to talk about Apple II computers They have a real simple system To list a program that you have loaded into 24 Delta User s Manual memory just type PR 1 LIST PR The PR 1 says send everything to the printer the LIST sends it and the PR 0 says Ok back to the screen now There are some slightly different versions of these commands in Appen dix C Some other computers reguire you to open the printer as a numbered device and then direct the output to that device For example to list a program on the printer with a Commodore C 64 computer you type the following OPEN4 4 CMD4 LIST PRINT 4 CLOSE4 This says that the printer is device 4 directs the output to it lists the program and finally closes device 4 The appendix gives more information about listing programs on various computers Find the appendix that tells how your com puter works and try it Now that we all know how our computers address the printer let s try listing a BASIC program Load a BASIC program and LLIST it or however your computer does it We ve crossed the first major hurdle learning how to list pro grams on Delta Now we are ready to jump into the world of pro gramming
45. alues below 32 These codes control many of Delta s functions Even though there aren t keys for these codes most keyboards can send these codes It s done by holding down the control key many times marked CTRL and simultaneously pressing a letter key The particular letter key that is pressed deter mines what code is sent Control and A sends ASCII code 1 con trol and B sends ASCII code 2 and so on Because of the way they are created these codes are often referred to as control A etc So there are four common ways of referring to the same set of codes the character or name of the code the decimal ASCII value the hexadecimal ASCII value and the control value For example the code that causes Delta to advance the paper one line is ASCII 10 decimal This code is commonly referred to by all the following names line feed its name LF the abbreviation of its name ASCII 10 its decimal value ASCII OAH its hex value the H signifies hex CHR 10 the way it s used in BASIC control J the way you send it from a keyboard There s a chart in Appendix M that shows these side by side so that you can convert back and forth The reason that we are telling you all this about ASCII codes is that people are not very consistent about how they describe ASCII codes We are going to help you use Delta with commercial software but we don t know what its documentation is going to call the various cod
46. and back up to print both dots not very efficient To avoid this inefficiency Delta will not allow you to define a character like Figure 7 6 Actually you can define it but when it prints Delta will leave out the overlapping dots so that it would print like Figure 7 5 m m m m m m m m M M M WRONG Figure 7 6 Dots cannot overlap those in immediately adjacent half columns will be ignored when the character is printed Add up each column of dots Now it s time to give our creative side a break and get down to some basic arithmetic That s where the numbers down the left side of the grid come in Notice that there is a number for each row of dots and that each number is twice the previous number By making these numbers powers of two we can take any combi nation of dots in a vertical column and assign them a unique value Some examples will make this clearer As shown in Figure 7 7 if we add the numbers for the dots that print in a column the sum will be a number in the range of 0 to 127 Each number from 0 127 represents a unique combination of dots So add up the values of the dots in each column using this system This way it takes one number to describe each column of dots In Figure 7 8 we ve shown our grid with the sums of the columns filled in across the bottom see if these agree with your Creating Your Own Characters 79 Figure 7 7 By adding the values of each dot in
47. aracter a code of 66 it would print each time you sent a character B to the printer You can also access the character from a BASIC program with the CHR function in this case LPRINT CHR 66 would print the character Except for the limitation that download characters must be assigned values in the range of 33 to 126 or 160 to 254 there are no rules or restrictions on the use of numbers This means you can use whatever is most convenient for you perhaps seldom used keys can be replaced by more useful characters In our example we ll assign the heart a value of 72 which is the ASCII value for the letter H This way when we want to print a heart all we have to do is send the printer an H that s easy to remember We could hardly write bridge columns with just a heart so in Figure 7 9 we ve made completed grids for all four card suits In order to make them easy to use we ve assigned the club a value of 67 the ASCII value for C the diamond is 68 D and the spade is 83 S The information on the grids is now complete except for proportional width data a more advanced topic we ll take up shortly Download character definition command You ve read through a long explanation of download charac ters and we haven t even told you the command syntax yet Now the wait is over This is the most complex command in the Delta repertoire and now you ve got the necessary knowledge to imple ment it
48. ce the paper to the top of a new page or form 4 Delta User s Manual L F button stands for Line Feed When you re off line this allows you to advance the paper one line at a time If you hold the button down you ll get multiple line feeds one after the other Around the backside are some important components and connectors From right to left they are Dip switch 2 Parallel Interface connector Serial interface connector Figure 1 3 Around on the back of Delta you ll find the interface connectors DIP switches primarily these switches are used in interfac ing the Delta printer to your particular brand of computer See the appendix for directions on doing this Parallel interface connector the place where you hook up your computer to the Delta so they are interfacing and thus able to communicate with each other Serial interface connector this interface allows you to con nect Delta with a computer using serial communications Power cord you know what it is for don t you It furnishes the electrical power to run the printer Paper Selection and Loading That s it for components and connectors The next thing we ll look at is the variety of papers available for Delta and how to load A Closer Look 5 them ready to print For starters Delta can handle single sheets whether standard size stationery envelopes multi part carbon less business forms or almost any ot
49. combinations of the modes that we have learned Of these a mere 112 will work Some combina tions like expanded superscripts just don t work Instead of try ing to list all the combinations that work we have a program that prints a chart showing all the combinations There is a sample of each of the 112 possible combinations on the chart The dots just indicate the few combinations that don t work Enter the follow ing program and run it to make your own chart 1 WIDTH LPT1 255 CANCEL AUTO CR amp LF AFTER 89 CHAR S 119 GOSUB 19099 BUILD INSTRUCTION SET REQUIRED 12 GOSUB 2999 PRINT HEADING 139 LPRINT REGULAR 149 GOSUB 399g PRINT FOUR LINES REGULAR 159 LPRINT DOUBLE STRIKE 169 LPRINT DOUBLE STRIKE 17g GOSUB 3999 PRINT FOUR LINES DOUBLE STRIKE 189 LPRINT XEMPHASIZED 199 EMPHASIZED TRUE 2 GOSUB 3999 PRINT FOUR LINES EMPHASIZED 219 LPRINT DOUBLE STRIKE amp EMPHASIZED 229 LPRINT DOUBLE STRIKE EMPHASIZED 239 GOSUB 3999 PRINT DOUBLE STRIKE amp EMPHASIZED 249 END 259 OX 1D OODOO0000000000000000000000000000000000C 269 LOOO0O0000000000000000000000OOODOOODODOOOOOOO0O000C X 1 rrrrrrrtiraeeteresea et are TETETMSITTEETOUEIT 1919 t 1929 BUILD INSTRUCTION SET 1939 1949 Trrerrrrpr et rrr rr errr ttrt 1959 FONT CHARACTER STYLES tt ttrtttrtent 1969 ITALIC CHR 27 CHR 52 1979 ROMANS CHR 27 CHR 53 1989 trrttttrr tt PITCH MODES
50. ded print for more than one line Change your program to this 1 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHR 1 THIS LINE IS EXPANDED 2 LPRINT AND SO IS THIS ONE 39 LPRINT CHR 27 W CHR NOW WE RE BACK TO NORMAL Now the results look like this THIS LIME 195 E XP AMNMDED AMM SU IS THIS ONE NOW WERE BACK TO NORMAL 32 Delta User s Manual When you turn on expanded print with ESC W CHR 1 it stays on until you turn it off with ESC W CHR 0 That s what we added line 30 for Table 3 2 Expanded print commands Function Comtroleode ESC W CHR ESC W CHRSQ By combining expanded print with the three pitches Delta has six different character widths available Enter this program to see how the print pitches and expanded print can be combined 19 LPRINT CHR 14 EXPANDED PICA PITCH 29 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 2 39 LPRINT CHR 14 EXPANDED ELITE PITCH 49 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 3 59 LPRINT CHR 14 EXPANDED CONDENSED PITCH 69 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHR 1 79 LPRINT NOW WE ARE BACK TO UNEXPANDED PICA PRINTING Here s what you should get from this program E XF AMDED FICA FITCH EXPANDED ELITE FITCH EXPANDED CONDENSED PITCH NOW WE ARE BACE TO UNEXPANDED FICA FRINTING Making Delta print darker Delta has very good print density when it s just printing regu larly But sometimes you may want something to stand out from the rest of the page Delta provides two ways to do
51. e s nothing extra to buy Which leads naturally to a few words of praise for some other special features that make the new Delta so satisfactory to own Features like the high speed 160 character per second printout the capability to design your own characters do your own plot ting your own infinite variety of dot graphics patterns and densi ties You ll have a ball For you Chapters 3 through 8 are a must and of course everybody should look at Chapter 10 which tells how to maintain your Delta for a long and carefree life We ll end this as we began with congratulations for your wise buying and a most cordial welcome to the wonderful world of Delta printing fast clean and beautiful Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Table of Contents A Closer Look 1 Components and Controls Paper Selection and Loading Loading single sheets Loading roll paper Loading sprocket feed paper Bottom feeding Delta 15 Ribbon Installation Adjusting the Gap Self Test Getting Started With Delta 17 Using Commercial Software First some terminology Using Delta with SuperCalc Using Delta with word processors Using this book without learning BASIC Some Basics about BASIC Establishing communications The CHR function Control codes The escape code Some problem codes Printing Text With Delta 29 Changing the print pitch Expanded print Making Delta print darker Some Special Kinds of Text Italic printing Underlining Su
52. e subscripts print even with the bottom of regular printing They are freguently used to reference footnotes and in mathematical formulas Table 3 6 has the codes for using superscripts and subscripts Table 3 6 Superscript and subscript commands Function Controleode Superscript ON ESC S CHRSO Subscrip ON ESC CHR Super amp subscript OFF ESO T O Try this program to see them work NEW 19 LPRINT THIS LINE USES 29 LPRINT CHR 27 S CHR 9 39 LPRINT SUPERSCRIPTS 49 LPRINT CHR 27 T 59 LPRINT AND 69 LPRINT CHR 27 S CHR 1 7 LPRINT SUBSCRIPTS 89 LPRINT CHR 27 T 99 LPRINT BOTH THIS LINE USES SUFERSCRIFTSA AND meumecmrimre BOTH Here line 20 turns on superscripts with ESC S CHR 0 It s turned off in line 40 with ESC T Then between printing text subscripts are turned on in line 60 with ESC S CHR 1 and finally off in line 80 Again everything prints on one line because of the semicolons Mixing modes We have learned how to use Delta s many different printing modes individually Now let s see how we can combine these S r rf r f r r y r SN f Printing Text With Delta 37 modes for even more printing effects Condensed italic double strike underlined subscripts are something that you are probably just itching to print There are 288 theoretical
53. e them or turn the printer off Even the ESC Q command which initializes the printer does not destroy the contents of download RAM NORTH a amp 5 w 107 6 J ex 1 9 amp 4 2 WEST EAST AE 10 4 3 a V 7 vEJ42 A 987 10 A QU 9 8 AEJ O 6 SOUTH A ATI J amp 2 v H 7 4 87 3 Figure 7 13 The card program shuffles deals and prints out a bridge hand 88 Delta User s Manual Table 7 1 Download character definition commands Define download character ESC CHR 1 n1 n2 m1 m11 Copy ROM to download RAM lt ESC CHR 0 Proportional Characters Up until now all the characters that your Delta has printed have been of a fixed width either 10 12 or 17 or 5 6 or 8 5 in enlarged mode characters per inch Whichever pitch you select all the characters are the same width You ll notice though that in typeset books such as this one each character has a slightly different width For instance the i is quite narrow and the W is very wide This is more pleasing to the eye and easier to read So if you re going to go to the trouble of designing your own download characters for Delta you might as well make them pleasing to the eye Proportional download characters allow you to do just that As you ll remember from our initial discussion of download character definition part of the attribute byte is for pro portional width data We skipp
54. ed over that with the promise of describing it later Well now is the time Defining proportional characters Except for the actual width defining characters for propor tional printing is exactly the same as defining normal width download characters Characters can range from 4 to 11 dots wide This means that characters can be as narrow as one third the normal width The examples in Figure 7 14 show characters of EN widths These characters are defined in the program that ollows 19 DATA 77 11 1 126 1 2 4 8 4 2 1 126 1 29 DATA 195 4 64 61 64 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 39 DATA 112 23 127 9 17 9 17 14 9 9 9 9 9 4g DATA 115 6 8 84 9 84 32 9 9 9 9 9 9 59 DATA 1 69 READ CHR 79 IF CHR lt THEN 159 89 READ CODE 9 LPRINT CHR 27 x CHR 1 CHR CHR CHR CODE TET r rr r r r Creating Your Own Characters 89 n 47 az 05 Descender Descender won Width 4 n Descende 16 Widin n Descender 16 Width Formal Format 1 Esc 1n num m ae 1 5 Descender Descender Width 7 Wan 5 Descender 16 Width n Descender 16 Width Format Format Esc In n m Esc in n m m pa 27 12 2 O O 6 va y 04320 o oO 00 4 OD 3424 2 00 Figure 7 14 These download characters are defined as proportional characters 199 FOR I 1 TO 11 11 READ BITS 129 LPRINT CHR BITS 13 NEXT I 149 GOTO 69 159 LPRINT Mississippi
55. eful The codes to control the paper out detector along with the other codes that we have just learned are in the following table Table 6 2 Some miscellaneous commands Function Control code Off line CHRS 19 ESC 8 ESC 9 Unidirectional printing Unidirectional printing is a big word that means printing in one direction only Delta normally prints when the printhead is moving in both directions But once in a while you may have an application where you are more concerned about how the vertical lines align than with how fast it prints Delta lets you make this choice The table below shows the commands for controlling how Delta prints 64 Delta User s Manual Table 6 3 Printing direction Function Conrecode ESC U CHRSG Print in both directions ESC U CHR 0 Try this program to see the difference that printing in one direction makes NEW ig LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR 7 29 FOR I 1 TO 19 39 LPRINT 49 NEXT I 59 LPRINT LPRINT 69 LPRINT CHR 27 U CHR 1 79 FOR I 1 TO 19 89 LPRINT 99 NEXT I 19g LPRINT CHR 12 CHR 27 e Here is what you will get The top line is printed bidirec tionally and the bottom is printed unidirectionally You will have to look hard because there isn t much difference v 9 mr e a e Special Features 65 Let s analyze the program Line 10 sets the line spacing to 7 72 of an
56. elta User s Manual days of computers when teletype machines were used for com puter terminals These mechanical marvels had a bell in them that could be heard for blocks This bell was used to signal the operator that something needed attention The code that the computer sent to the teletype machine to ring the bell was reasonably enough called a bell code Well the name bell code is still with us even if the bell has changed to a beeper and a lot of people still call the beeper a bell even if it doesn t sound like one So with our trivia lesson out of the way let s see how we can ring the bell The code to sound Delta s bell is CHR 7 which is ASCII code 7 or BEL Any time Delta receives this code it will sound the bell for a guarter of a second This can be used to remind an operator to change the paper or to make another adjustment to the printer You can try this by typing LPRINT CHR 7 There are two other codes that affect the bell One disables the bell so that Delta will ignore a CHR 7 and the other turns the bell back on All three codes that affect the bell are shown in the following table Table 6 1 Bell commands Function Control codes ESC Y CHRSO ESC Y CHRS Initializing Delta Up to now when we wanted to reset Delta to the power on condition we have had to either turn the printer off and then on again or to send the specific codes that reset the particular fea t
57. er guide and roll paper holder in place Appendix A tells you how to install the first two We ll explain here how to attach the roll paper holder and shaft The paper holder is surprise the rack that holds the roll of paper It is inserted into the two holes that you ll find in the back of the printer On the Delta 15 the holder attaches the same way but instead of at the middle it s over to one side away from the elec trical power cord The roll of paper is placed on the holder shaft and mounted on the wire rack holder as shown in Figure 1 6 Roll paper specs are the same for both Delta 10 and Delta 15 81 2 wide 07 to 10 mm thickness and maximum 5 diameter roll Let s start to load the Delta It s done almost the same way as loading single sheets except that the single sheet in this case is quite long 1 Remove the printer cover and tractor unit 2 Turn the power switch on Lift up the paper press bar Set the release lever in the F position Figure 1 5 Pull the paper separator upright Figure 1 7 Load paper roll onto wire rack holder so that the paper unrolls toward the printer from the bottom of the roll Unroll some paper and pass it above the paper guide and beneath the up ended paper separator 8 Insert the end of the roll into the paper chute located at the back side of the platen 9 Press the ON LINE button until the ON LINE light is off O 0 s O N Delta User s Manual
58. es So if you know all the different things that the codes might be called it will be easier to figure out what it is trying to tell you Now armed with the knowledge of what to look for you can delve into the manuals of your commercial software and dig out the secrets of how to send control codes to your printer When Getting Started With Delta 21 you find the method that your program uses then you can shop through this manual to find the function that you want to use By translating the codes from the system that we use to the system that your commercial software uses you should be able to use many of Delta s advanced features It may help however if we look at a couple of examples Using Delta with SuperCalc SuperCalc is typical of the many spreadsheet programs that are now available It has the capability of using several of the advanced features of Delta Perhaps the most often used feature with spreadsheet programs is compressed printing Let s see how to use compressed printing with SuperCalc In SuperCalc the Dutput command provides output to the printer One of the options of the Output command is S etup This option provides you with a menu of functions to configure SuperCalc to match your printer You can change the number of characters that SuperCalc will print on a line and the number of lines that will print on a page You should be sure that these values match your printer Delta 10 s print 80 characters per
59. es for control codes These codes perform a function rather than printing a char acter Let s try an easy one right now NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 7 RUN Who made that noise That s Delta s bell We will learn more 26 Delta User s Manual about it in Chapter 6 We just wanted to illustrate a code that causes Delta to perform a function The escape code There s one particular ASCII code that we are going to be using more than all the rest This is ASCII 27 which is called escape In BASIC it s CHR 27 With all of Delta s advanced fea tures there weren t enough single ASCII codes to go around So escape is used to start seguences of control codes that open a wider range of functions to us While you must call this code CHR 27 in BASIC we are going to refer to it as ESC in this book This will make it much easier to recognize when we use it A typical escape code seguence starts with ESC which is followed by one or more CHR codes As an example the escape code seguence to turn on italic print is ESC CHR 52 In a program this would look like this NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 52 29 LPRINT TESTING RUN Try this program it will print the word TESTING in italic Some of you fast students may have noticed that CHR 52 is the same as 4 That s right the program will work just as well if line 10 is changed like this 1g LPRINT CHR 27 4 That s just another form of the same ASCII code and it
60. he printer receives a CHR 13 it returns the print head to the left margin It does not advance the paper if DIP switch 2 4 is off see below Line feed is more complicated Each time the printer receives a CHR 10 it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin ready to start a new line Now to add a little confusion most but not all versions of BASIC add a line feed CHR 10 to every carriage return CHR 13 that they send If your version of BASIC doesn t do this then you should turn DIP switch 2 4 on so that Delta will add the line feed for you When you have DIP switch 2 4 on the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space then you probably need to turn DIP switch 2 4 off Changing Line Spacing When you turn Delta on the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch or 8 lines per inch if DIP switch 1 5 is off This is fine for most printing applications but sometimes you may want some thing different Delta makes it easy to set the line spacing to what ever value you want Try this program to see how easy it is to change the line spac ing NEW 19 FOR I 1 TO 25 20 IF I 13 THEN 59 39 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHR I 49 LPRINT DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SPACING 59 NEXT 69 LPRINT CHR 27 2 Line Spacing and Forms Control 45 This is what you
61. her kind of individual sheets You can also print on continuous paper either in rolls or fan folded perforated paper Here s a good place to spend a minute talking about the release lever which you ll be using often This lever controls the pressure of the paper against the platen It has two settings F and T Release lever Figure 1 4 The paper release lever has two settings F for friction feed and T for tractor feed The F setting stands for Friction Feed and this setting is always used when running single sheets or roll paper The T position stands for Tractor Feed and is used only with sprocket feed paper F tightens the pressure of the paper against the pla ten while T loosens this pressure so it s easier to move the paper around Loading single sheets Paper width must always be between 8 and 10 inches 8 and 15 inches for the Delta 15 and paper thickness between 07 mm and 10 mm 6 Delta User s Manual Paper press bar Release lever Paper chute Figure 1 5 Inserting a single sheet of paper can be done under power with the line feed button Now instead of rolling the paper in manually by turning the platen knob we re going to use the L F button with the power switch turned on This means we ll have to use the F friction feed position of the release lever Remember what we told you about that L F line feed button Thi
62. ial characters the interna tional character sets and the italic characters But there is another area of memory in Delta reserved for Creating Your Own Characters 75 O o0 O o O e 0000 0 000 O O o 00 O 00000 O o O O o o oO O O o 0000 O O o O 000 Figure 7 2 As the printhead moves across the page each of the wires prints one row of dots user defined characters These are characters that you design and download into Delta When download characters are defined they are stored in RAM random access memory which allows you to define or modify them at any time Each of these characters whether it is from the standard charac ter ROM or in download RAM is constructed on a grid which is six boxes wide by nine boxes high The dots used to print a charac ter can be inside any of the boxes In addition a dot can straddle any of the vertical lines As an example take a look at the enlarged 9 superimposed on the grid in Figure 7 3 As you can see some dots are inside the boxes and some are centered on the vertical lines This in effect makes the character grid 11 dots wide by 9 dots high To see how the rest of the characters in the standard character ROM are constructed take a look at Appendix J Figure 7 3 Dots can be inside boxes or straddle the vertical lines of the grid 76 Delta User s Manual Defining Your Own Characters You ve seen how the eng
63. inch so that the characters that we print will touch top to bot tom Lines 20 40 print 10 vertical line characters Then line 60 sets one direction printing and the vertical lines are printed again Finally line 100 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of a new page and then uses the master reset to restore Delta to the power on condition Backspace and delete Backspace CHR 8 backs up the printhead so that you can print two characters right on top of each other Each time Delta receives a backspace it moves the printhead one character to the left instead of to the right You can strike over multiple letters by sending more than one backspace code Delete CHR 127 also backs up one character but then it erases the previous character it s erased from Delta s buffer not from the paper The following program shows how these two codes work NEW 19 LPRINT BACKSPACE DOES NOT 29 LPRINT CHR 8 CHR 8 CHR 8 39 LPRINT WORK 49 LPRINT DELETE DOES NOT 5 LPRINT CHR 127 CHR 127 CHR 127 69 LPRINT WORK Here is what this program will print BACESFACE DOES REF WORK DELETE DOES WORK The backspace codes in line 20 move the printhead a total of three spaces to the left so that the first part of line 30 will overprint the word NOT The delete codes in line 50 erase the three letters in the word NOT so that it doesn t even print The seven bit dilemma Certain computer
64. ineers at Star designed their charac ters by using a grid to lay out the dots Now you can define charac ters exactly the same way Make up some grids photocopy Figure 7 4 if you wish and get ready to be creative Just in case you are not feeling creative and to make our explanations a little clearer we ll be using a heart as an example of a download character You can see how we ve laid it out in Figure 7 5 You ll find this espe cially useful if you ve always wanted to write a bridge column like Charles Goren m m M m m M m Ms MMM n 2 Descender 4 Wiath 8 16 n Descender 16 Width 32 Format Esc 1in n m m 64 Total Figure 7 4 Use this grid or one similar to it to define your own characters You ll notice that Figure 7 4 includes a lot of information around the grid Don t be intimidated we ll explain each item as we come to it in our discussion of defining and actually printing download characters You may have noticed another difference between this grid and the one shown in Figure 7 3 it s only seven boxes high Which leads us to Rule 1 Download characters are seven dots high As you noticed in Figure 7 2 capital letters most lowercase Creating Your Own Characters 77 letters and most special characters use only the top seven pins of the printhead This is also the standard for download characters so our grid is only seven dots high It s also possible to u
65. ing bold characters and underlining But Delta can do much more than that The people that write word processing programs do however know that there are a lot of different print ers on the market and so they usually but not always provide a way of sending special codes to a printer We will study one exam ple of this to see how a typical word processor handles it Once you understand the concept you should be able to use your pro gram manual to figure out how your word processor does it The program that we will study is the EasyWriter word proc essor for the IBM Personal Computer This uses a fairly typical method of handling special codes Generally word processing programs don t want you to put non printing codes in the file They know that they won t print anything and so they pro tect you by not letting you use them But the non printing codes are the ones that you need to use Delta s features So EasyWriter provides a way to override this protection If you precede a spe cial code with a control O then EasyWriter will accept the next non printing code Let s look at a specific example Suppose you want to print the title of a book in italic The code seguence to select italic type is Escape 4 that s two separate characters Entering the 4 is no problem it s a printing character so EasyWriter won t object although in this case it s not going to print The Escape however is a non printing character so it
66. just slightly the second time they are 34 Delta User s Manual printed In emphasized printing they are moved slightly to the right the second time Delta prints The last line combined both of these so that each character was printed 4 times Now that s pretty nice printing isn t it Some Special Kinds of Text We re just getting started on the kinds of text that Delta can print Still to come are italic characters underlined characters superscripts and subscripts Italic printing Italic letters are letters that are slanted to the right Delta can print all the kinds of letters that we have seen so far in italic as well as the roman standard letters we have been using Italics can be used to give extra emphasis to certain words The command codes to turn italic on and off are shown in Table 3 4 Table 3 4 Italic commands P Function Comtrolcode CS Italic ON Italic OFF ESC 5 Use this program to see italic characters NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 4 29 LPRINT THIS LINE IS PRINTED IN ITALIC 39 LPRINT CHR 27 5 49 LPRINT THIS LINE IS NORMAL PRINTING Here is what you should get THIS LINE FE PRINTED IN ITALIC THIS LINE IS NORMAL PRINTING Printing Text With Delta 35 This program is easy line 10 turns italic on with ESC 4 and line 30 turns it off with ESC 5 Underlining Not only can Delta print all the styles of printing that we have seen in both roman and italic
67. mmands that control the placement of printing on the page and even adjust for different size pages Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed Form feed is CHR 12 and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet Try it by changing line 30 to this 3 LPRINT CHR 12 Before you run the program turn your printer off and adjust the paper so that the top of the sheet is even with the top of the ribbon guide on the print head then turn the printer back on If you don t remember how to do this review Chapter 1 When you Line Spacing and Forms Control 49 run the program the results will look like this LINE NUMBER 1 Cy LINE NUMBER Z LINE NUMBER LINE NUMBER 4 O oy The form feed CHR 12 in line 30 caused the printer to move to the top of a new page before printing the last two lines A note to TRS 80 users CHR 12 is a problem code for the TRS 80 To send a form feed command to Delta you must add 128 to it making it CHR 140 Use CHR 140 where we use CHR 12 in these programs Changing the Page Length You may have some computer forms that you wish to use with Delta that are not 11 inches high That s no problem because you can tell Delta how high the forms are that you are using There are two commands for doing this shown in this table Table 4 2 Form length commands Control code Set the page length to n lines ESC C CHR n Set the
68. ng n1 and n2 for graphics Dot graphics commands IBM serial switch settings DIP switch settings International character sets Delta parallel interface Serial interface pin functions DIP switch 3 Handshaking protocols Data transfer rates 300 xii Delta User s Manual 1 B Hac ES IL Chapter 1 A Closer Look In this chapter we ll introduce you to your Delta printer We ll cover e Components and controls Paper selection and loading e Adjusting the gap for different paper thickness e Self test print out of available characters Components and Controls First the components You saw most of these when you unpacked your printer Now we ll give you a brief explanation of 2 Delta User s Manual what they do For directions on how to set up Delta see Appen dix A Roll paper holder Printer cover Paper separator SYV N E Platen Paper guide Tractor unit Figure 1 1 For instructions on attaching the various components see Appendix A Printer cover protects ribbon and print head from dust and dirt and also reduces the sound level Paper separator and paper guide used with roll paper and sprocket feed paper Roll paper holder and holder shaft used only with roll ai paper Tractor unit feeds sprocket feed paper with its drive gear and sprocket units Platen this is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head Now let
69. nly The rest of the lines are printed with the normal line spacing Notice that both line 20 and line 30 end with semicolons This prevents the normal line feed from occur ring The value of n in all three commands ESC A ESC 3 and ESC T can range from 0 to 255 A value of 0 means that there is no line spacing This allows you to print multiple lines in the same position on the page This is useful when you want to overprint graphics and text Moving down the page without a carriage return So far all the commands that move the paper also move the print head to the left margin And normally this is what you want Sometimes though you may wish to move down the page with out moving the printhead back to the left margin The ESC a CHR n command does just that This command advances the 48 Delta User s Manual paper n lines using whatever the current line spacing is without moving the printhead Change line 30 of your program so that it is like this 39 LPRINT CHR 27 a CHR 3 Now when you run the program the results will look like this LINE NUMBER 1 LINE NUMBER 2 LINE NUMBER 3 LINE NUMBER 4 The new line 30 moves the paper up 3 lines but the printhead doesn t move Therefore line 40 prints its message starting in the column that the printhead was left in at the end of line 20 Forms Controls We have seen how to control the spacing between lines on a page Delta also has co
70. onal download characters is much like using normal width download characters one command is used to select the download set or the standard character set Here s the command ESC X CHR n If n is 1 then the download character set is selected and pro portional widths are used If n is 0 the standard character set is selected It should be noted that it is possible to use the same character definitions for either normal width or proportional download char acters if a valid proportional width is included in the attribute byte The only difference is the way they are accessed ESC CHRS 1 for normal width or ESC X CHR 1 for proportional width The two commands work independently of each other so that ESC CHR 0 will not turn off proportional download characters and ESC X CHR 0 will not turn off normal width download characters If you have selected both normal and propor tional download characters proportional will print until you send the printer an ESC X CHR 0 The printer will then continue to print with normal width download characters rather than returning to the standard character set until you send an ESC CHR 0 This can lead to confusion if you have accidentally specified both types of download characters Creating Your Own Characters 91 Mississippi Standard characters without proportional spacing Mississippi Download characters without prop
71. ook without learning BASIC Throughout most of this book we will be teaching you how to use Delta s features using the BASIC programming language in our examples This is because it is easy to communicate with Delta from BASIC and because despite its shortcomings BASIC is the nearest thing to a universal language among users of per sonal computers But it s not the only way to communicate with Delta as we have already seen Even if you don t know BASIC you can learn how to use Delta s features by reading on When you find a function that you want to use just apply what you already know about translating from one name for codes to another The examples will still show you how the commands are used even if you are not using BASIC Some Basics About BASIC Probably the simplest thing to do with your printer in BASIC is tolist a program on the printer But in this world of proliferating microcomputers even this presents a problem It seems that every computer uses a different system of communicating with the printer We are going to tell you about some of the more common ways and hope that between this and your computer s BASIC manual you will be able to stay with us First on our list is Microsoft BASIC s way of communicating with the printer They just add an L to the beginning of the LIST and PRINT commands making them LLIST and LPRINT This method is used by more computers than any other and so we will use it throughout this book
72. ortional spacing Mississippi Download characters with proportional spacing Figure 7 15 This printout shows the same text printed with the same download characters in both normal and proportional widths Table 7 2 Download character printing commands Control code ESC CHR 1 ESC CHR 0 ESC X CHR 1 ESC X CHR 0 Function Normal download characters ON Normal download characters OFF Proportional download characters ON Proportional download characters OFF Connecting characters As we noted earlier it s possible to connect proportional width characters This can be useful for creating logos or other characters which are larger than one normal character t also makes it possible to create connecting scripts like handwriting The trick to this is to specify the width in the attribute byte to be exactly the same as the number of columns of dots that the charac ter or partial character occupies And if you change the vertical spacing to 7 72 use the ESC 1 command you can make characters connect vertically This allows you to make very large characters indeed In the program that follows we ve used this technigue to cre ate some large numbers Each digit is actually made up of four characters two horizontally by two vertically This means of course that you must define and print four characters for each finished digit We assigned the u
73. page length to n inches ESC C CHR 0 CHR n 50 Delta User s Manual Let s set up a 7 inch high form length which is typical of many computer checks The following program will do it NEW 19 LPRINT CHR 27 C CHR 9 CHR 7 20 LPRINT PAY TO THE ORDER OF 39 LPRINT CHR 12 49 LPRINT PAY TO THE ORDER OF This program should print PAY TO THE ORDER OF twice and they should be 7 inches apart Line 10 sets the form length to 7 inches After line 20 prints line 30 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of the next form Line 40 then prints its message After you have run this program turn off the printer and adjust the top of form position When you turn the printer back on the page length will be reset to its normal setting usually 11 inches Top and Bottom Margins Many programs that use a printer don t keep track of where they are printing on the page This causes a problem when you get to the bottom of a page because these programs just keep on print ing right over the perforation This makes it very hard to read especially if a line happens to fall right on the perforation And if you separate the pages then you are really in trouble Of course Delta has a solution to this predicament Delta can keep track of the position on the page and advance the paper so that you won t print too near the perforation There are two com mandis to do this One controls the space at the top of the page and
74. perscripts and subscripts Mixing modes Summary Line Spacing and Forms Control 43 Starting New Lines vi Delta User s Manual Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Changing Line Spacing Moving down the page without a carriage return Forms Controls Form feed Changing the Page Length Top and Bottom Margins Summary Formatting Your Output A one shot tab command Setting Left and Right Margins Using Vertical Tabs A one shot vertical tab command Summary Special Features of the Delta Printer Now hear this Initializing Delta Putting Delta to sleep Printing to the bottom of the sheet Unidirectional printing Backspace and delete The seven bit dilemma Block graphics characters and special symbols International character sets The macro control code Summary Creating Your Own Characters Dot Matrix Printing The Print Matrix Defining Your Own Characters Rule 1 Download characters are seven dots high Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap Add up each column of dots Assigning a value to your character Download character definition command Printing Download Characters Proportional Characters Defining proportional characters Printing proportional characters Connecting characters 55 61 73 Table of Contents vii Mixing Print Modes with Download Characters A Utility Program Summary Chapter 8 Printing With Dot Graphics 99 Comparing dot graphics with download characters Using the Dot Graphics Commands
75. pper left guadrant of each digit to ASCII codes from 160 to 169 the upper right guadrant to codes 170 to 179 and so on Figure 7 16 shows how one digit is defined and Figure 7 17 shows the final output of our program 92 Delta User s Manual Figure 7 16 Each digit is made up of four individual characters 19 Program to define and print numerals 2 Each numeral is made up of 4 characters 2 wide x 2 high 39 DEF DOWN CHAR CHR 27 CHR 42 CHR 1 49 DOWN CHAR PROP CHR 27 CHR 88 CHR 1 59 NOT DOWN CHAR PROP CHR 27 CHR 88 CHR f 6 LINE 7 CHR 27 CHR 49 LINE 12 CHR 27 CHR 59 79 FOR N1 169 TO 299 4 ASCII CHARS NUMERAL 8 LPRINT DEF DOWN CHARS 9 LPRINT CHR N1 19 READ N2 11g LPRINT CHR N2 129 FOR S 1 TO 11 139 READ MS 149 LPRINT CHR MS 159 NEXT S 169 NEXT N1 179 189 ASCII 169 START OF DOWN CHARACTERS 199 FOR NUM TO 9 NUMERALS THRU 9 290 NUMERAL TOP NUM CHR ASCII CHR ASCII 1 Creating Your Own Characters 93 219 NUMERAL BOT NUM CHR ASCII 2 CHR ASCII 3 229 ASCII ASCII 4 239 NEXT NUM 24g BLANK CHR 2 259 LPRINT DOWN CHAR PROP LINE 7 26 FOR NUM TO 9 W 279 LPRINT NUMERAL TOP NUM BLANK 289 NEXT NUM 299 LPRINT 300 FOR NUM TO 9 310 LPRINT NUMERAL BOT NUM BLANK Sa 32 NEXT NUM 33 LPRINT NO
76. predictable results So does that mean that in order to print something meaning ful with our card suits we have to define an entire alphabet Fear not The engineers at Star have made it an easy task to use mostly standard characters with just a few special characters thrown in This command copies all the characters from the standard char acter ROM into download RAM ESC CHR g Since it will copy all characters into the download area it will wipe out any characters that are already there So it s important to send this command to the printer before you send any download characters you want to define With that in mind add this line to the program we used to send the characters to Delta 5 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 9 Now try the download printout test program again Your results should look like Figure 7 12 You probably noticed that our Creating Your Own Characters 85 printout test includes the characters with ASCII values from 160 to 254 but nothing prints The ESC CHR 0 command copies only the standard ASCII characters those in the range of 33 to 126 to download RAM it does not copy any block graphics characters 487 O KTS 01234567B89 1 50 gt TRARSOCEF GY IJELMNOFORATLIVUXYZEN1 abcdefghiiklmnop qrstuvwryz tis Figure 7 12 Printout of the download character set into which all the standard characters have been copied and the C D H and S have been changed To demonstrate how
77. r s Munual If you have a 7 bit interface add the following lines to the program given above 5 LPRINT CHRS C27 y 79 LPRINT CHR 27 In this program line 10 sets the line spacing to 6 dots which is the height of the graphics characters Then lines 20 50 print the figure and line 60 resets the line spacing to 1 6 inch Here is what this program prints International character sets Delta is a multi lingual printer for it can speak in eight lan guages Delta changes languages by changing 11 characters that are different for the different languages These sets of characters are called international character sets The control codes to select the international character sets are given in the following table Table 6 5 International character set commands Control code ESC 7 CHRS 0 Eng Germ Den land ESC 7 CHR 1 any ESC 7 CHR 2 mark lt ESC 7 CHR 3 France ESC 7 CHR 4 ESC 7 CHRSG ESC 7 CHRS ESC 7 CHRSU The characters that change are shown in Table 6 6 The macro control code The last of our group of miscellaneous control codes is defini tely not the least It is a user defined control code called a macro Special Features 69 Table 6 6 International character sets Country as oa on sr oa se ss u ae us su E Eng EEI E Germany OT Ti Ti TIET NS Joan France e Ta T Te m v a s Sweden A s
78. racters And even the addition is getting easier But this is a good computer applica tion Computer Aided Design CAD for download characters The program below allows you to design and edit characters on the screen You can make changes no erasing until it s the way you like it and then the program makes the necessary calculations and sends the character to Delta 19 DIM Z 8 12 MM 11 29 CLS GOSUB 669 30 CS CHR 16 CHR 17 SC STRING 2 219 BIT 4Q A INKEY IF A THEN 49 59 IF A CHR 27 THEN COLOR 7 CLS END 69 IF A P OR A p THEN GOSUB 689 GOTO 49 7 IF A e OR A E THEN CLS GOSUB 9 GOSUB 26 GOTO 49 8 BEEP GOTO 4 9 X 1 Y 1 G 1 H 1 REM THIS SUBROUTINE DRAWS THE MATRIX X 109 FOR I 1 TO 11 MM I NEXT I 11g J 2 FOR I 1 TO 2 LOCATE 2 1 J J J 2 PRINT M NEXT I 120 J 1 FOR I 1 TO 2 LOCATE 3 1 J J J 2 PRINT 1 9 NEXT I 96 Delta User s Manual 139 P1 1 M CHR 179 STRING 2 32 N STRING 2 196 CHR 197 L STRING 2 196 CHR 193 149 LOCATE 4 1 PRINT CHR 218 CHR 196 159 FOR I 1 TO 19 PRINT CHR 196 CHR 194 OHR 196 NEXT I 169 PRINT CHR 196 CHR 191 LOCATE 5 19 FOR K 1 TO 12 PRINT M NEXT K PRINT 170 FOR J 1 TO 6 LOCATE 5 P1 19 P1 P1 1 PRINT CHR 195 189 FOR K 1 TO 19 PRINT N NEXT K 199 PRINT CHR 196 CHR 196 CHR 18 LOCATE 5 P1 1 P1 P1 1 2 FOR Kei TO 12 PRINT M NEXT K 219 PRINT NEXT J
79. re are tabs This doesn t confuse Delta it advances the paper to the next tab posi tion which happens to be the first tab position on the next page That s nice isn t it 60 Delta User s Manual FIRST TAB SECOND TAE THIRD TAR FOURTH TAE Figure 5 1 A one shot vertical tab command There s a one time vertical tab command that works just like the one time horizontal tab command It is ESC a CHR n and it causes the paper to advance n lines It doesn t change the settings of the vertical tabs Summary Control code Function CHR 9 Horizontal tab ESC D n1 n2 n3 CHR 0 Set horizontal tabs ESC b n One time horizontal tab of n spaces ESC M n Set left margin ESC N n Set right margin CHR 11 Vertical tab ESC P n1 n2n3 CHR 0 Set vertical tabs ESC a n One time vertical tab of n lines f r rr r Chapter 6 Special Features of the Delta Printer In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes In this chapter we will look at more con trol codes These codes don t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have studied but they add a lot of capability to Delta So here goes Now hear this You may have heard Delta s bell if you have ever run out of paper And you may have wondered why it s called a bell when it beeps instead of ringing It s a long story that goes back to the early 62 D
80. rints 80 X s in a row The first time that the subroutine is used all the X s fit in one line Then line 20 sets the left margin to 10 and line 30 sets the right margin to 70 Once again the subroutine is used but this time the X s won t all fit on one line since there is now only room for 61 characters between the margins There s room for 61 instead of 60 characters because you can print in both the first and last column that you name Run the program The results will look like this XAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXARXXXXAXKXXXXAXXXXXKAXXXXXAXAXXXXXXXXAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXKXXXXX XXXXXXAXAXXAEAXXAXXX When you want to reset the margins to the default values you have two choices You can either turn the printer off and back on or you can set margin values equal to the default values This means that you should set a left margin of 1 and a right margin of 80 on Delta 10 or 136 on Delta 15 If you change the pitch of your printing after you set your margins the margins will not change They stay at the same place on the page So if you set the margins to give you 65 columns of printing when you are using pica type and then you change to elite type you will have room for more than 65 columns of elite printing between the margins Using Vertical Tabs Vertical tabs have the same kinds of uses that horizontal tabs do they just work in the other direction Horizontal tabs allow you
81. rogram Pie chart program Appendix E Osborne Kaypro and CP M Computers 177 Setting the switches Using MBASIC Program listings Chart program Special character chart program Macro program Bridge hand program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot program Pie chart program Appendix F Atari 400 800 Computers 193 Setting the switches Using Atari BASIC Listing programs Table of Contents ix Program listings Chart program Special character chart program Macro program Bridge hand program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot program Pie chart program Appendix G Commodore VIC 20 and C 64 Computers 211 E Setting the switches Using Commodore BASIC bus Listing programs Program listings Chart program Special character chart program n Macro program ide Bridge hand program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot program Pie chart program k Appendix H DIP Switch Settings 227 Switch Functions i Appendix I ASCII Codes 233 i Appendix J Character Style Charts 239 Appendix K Function Code Reference 251 Commands to Control Print Style Font style controls i Font pitch controls b y Special print modes Commands to Control Vertical Position of Print Head Line feed controls Form feed controls Vertical tabs n Commands to Control Horizontal Position of E Print Head Download Character Commands Commands to Control Graphics Macro Instruction Commands Other Commands
82. rstuvwxyzl 2 HVAT ee TR AORA pA tAn Awt RGKENT t FEOKSKIIYADUENHAGUPESUEAT a sal Wit rb A a ASLE 05 7 0123456789 lt gt 0ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPARSTUVWXYZENIS abcdefghi jklmno pqrstuvwxyztil JVC 620579 4000 TA POT FOOISMKTIXS AGKIN gt t S DUKKNYADUENJGUPBEGERT C eli cot a8 Figure 1 14 The self test gives a hint of what s to come 1 Standard pica type 10 characters per inch 2 Standard elite type 12 characters per inch 3 Condensed type 17 characters per inch 4 Italic pica style 10 characters per inch 5 Emphasized pica 10 characters per inch What next Chapter 2 takes up the timely subject of Com municating with Delta Now you ll learn how to make your com puter put your printer through its many paces 16 Delta User s Manual Chapter 2 Getting Started With Delta You have assembled and tested your printer and seen a guick sample of Delta s capabilities in the self test Now it s time to do what you bought Delta to do print information from your com puter But first you need to connect Delta to your computer Figure 2 1 shows where the cables connect but there s more that you need to know Complete instructions for connecting Delta to many popular computers are given in the appendix Find the appendix that covers your computer and follow the instructions for connecting Delta and for setting the DIP switches If your com puter isn t listed in the appendi
83. s most notably the Apple IT don t have the capability to send eight bits on their parallel interface They can only send seven bits This would make it impossible for these 66 Delta User s Manual computers to use Delta s block graphics characters and special symbols if Star s engineers hadn t thought of a solution All of these characters have ASCII codes greater than 127 which means that the eighth bit must be on to use them The solution lies in the three control codes given in the following table Table 6 4 Eighth bit controls Function Control code ESC Turn the eighth bit OFF ESC Accept the eighth bit as is from the computer ESC er Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with Delta has a whole different set of charac ters that are for special uses These characters include block graphics characters for drawing forms and graphs and special symbols for mathematical engineering and professional uses The following program will print out all of the graphics characters available NEW 19 FOR J 169 TO 255 STEP 8 29 FOR I J TO J 7 160 161 162 l 169 o 169 170 171 s 176 h 177 A 178 179 6 184 1 185 7 186 w 187 x 192 X 193 194 6 195 200 t 201 amp 202 207 8 208 209 210 6 211 216 217
84. s or any other specific printing task 74 Delta User s Manual Dot Matrix Printing In order to create download characters you ll need some understanding of how dot matrix printers work They re called dot matrix because each character is made up of a group of dots Look closely at some printed characters produced by your Delta and you will see the dots Figure 7 1 shows how the letter A is formed by printing 17 dots Figure 7 1 The letter A is created by printing 17 dots The printhead in Delta consists of nine thin wires stacked one atop the other Figure 7 2 shows an enlarged schematic view of the front of the printhead showing the ends of the wires and their relationship to the printed characters As you can see the capital letters use the top seven wires of the printhead and the descen ders such as the lower case g shown use the bottom seven pins As the printhead moves across the page in either direction that s what is meant by bi directional printing it prints one col umn of dots at a time Each time a dot is supposed to print an electromagnet inside the printhead causes the appropriate wire to strike the ribbon making Delta an impact printer The Print Matrix All of the standard characters that Delta prints are formed from patterns of dots that are permanently stored in the printer s ROM read only memory This includes all of the standard ASCII characters the block graphics and spec
85. s all the same to Delta Here s another shortcut for BASIC programmers since ESC is used so often assign it to a variable In a long program typing ESC is much easier than typing CHR 27 each time Now Getting Started With Delta 27 our program looks like this 5 ESC CHR 27 19 LPRINT ESC 4 Turn your printer off and back on now or you will be printing in italic for guite a while Some problem codes Before we go too far we need to mention some codes that may cause you problems Like most of the subjects in this chapter we have to be a little vague because of the differences in computers Nearly all BASICs change some of the ASCII codes between your BASIC program and your printer Some turn CHR 10 a line feed into a CHR 13 a carriage return before sending it on Some other problem codes are 0 and 9 through 13 Once again we refer you to the appendix about your computer where some more specific information awaits That s it for the basics You are ready to learn how to use the many features of Delta 28 Delta User s Manual Chapter 3 Printing Text With Delta Beginning with this chapter we will be exploring all the fea tures of Delta All our examples will be given in Microsoft BASIC as used by the IBM Personal Computer but remember that you don t need to know BASIC to use Delta s features Just use the same ASCII codes as we do in our examples If your computer doesn t use Microsoft
86. s allows you to advance the paper one line at a time and if you hold the button down you ll get multiple line feeds one after the other OK Now let s start 1 Remove the printer cover and tractor unit you can leave the paper guide and paper separator on if you have installed them Turn the power switch on Lift up the paper press bar Set the release lever to the F position Insert the sheet from the back side of the platen between the paper chute and the platen cover plate 6 Press the ON LINE button until the ON LINE light goes off 7 Press the L F button to roll the paper in until it appears on the front side of the platen about where you want the first line to start printing AB ON A Closer Look 7 NOTE To straighten paper if it s in crooked Move the release lever to T position e Position the sheet where you want it moving right or left if necessary to get the paper located between the margins of the printing area Move release lever back to F position 8 Push the paper press bar back to its original position flush against the paper 9 Replace the printer cover 10 Presto You re ready to start printing Loading roll paper Roll paper like single sheets is fed into the printer by fric tion feed using the platen as motive power Thus when using roll paper you must first remove the tractor unit However you will need the three components of paper separator pap
87. se the bottom seven pins just as the g p q and y of the standard character sets do These are called descenders because the bottom of the character descends below the baseline of the rest of the characters One bit in the download character definition command is used to tell Delta whether a character is to be treated as a descen der or not We ll get to the command in due time For now if your character uses the top seven dots write in a zero next to the word Descender on the layout grid if it uses the bottom seven dots write in a one In our example we ll want the bottom of the heart to line up with the baseline of the other characters so it will not be a descender As shown in Figure 7 5 we ve written in a 0 on our grid m m m m m m m m MM Mi n Descender K Width n Descender 16 Width Format Esc 1n n m My Figure 7 5 We ve designed a character and decided that it would not be a descen der hence the 0 written in Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap As you can see in Figure 7 5 our heart will print fairly solid But you may ask why not make it really solid and print all the intermediate dots as shown in Figure 7 6 Because the dots that straddle the vertical lines in the grid actually overlap those inside 78 Delta User s Manual the boxes If we tried to print overlapping dots Delta s print head would have to slow down
88. sition 10 Pull the paper up past the sprocket units 11 When holes fit snugly over the nubby teeth in both sprockets close the tractor covers and snap the clamp levers back into their locked position Figure 1 10 12 With the platen knob roll the paper up or down until the cor rect start print position is reached You do this by lining up the horizontal perforation where you tear apart individual sheets with the top of the ribbon guide as shown in Figure 1 11 13 Now you re ready to roll Replace the printer cover and turn the power switch on Rapid printing Figure 1 10 Delta ready to run with sprocket feed paper Bottom feeding Delta 15 The Delta 15 can be loaded with sprocket paper in two different ways either from the back as with Delta 10 or through a slot in the bottom To load Delta 15 from the back follow the steps shown in the previous section But for loading through the bottom slot you position the Delta 15 above the stack of fan fold paper with the paper being fed up through the bottom of the printer and on out the back 12 Delta User s Manual Figure 1 11 The perforation should be lined up with the top of the ribbon guide To use Delta 15 this way you ll need to install the tractor unit the paper separator and the paper guide if you haven t already If you re unsure how to do it see Appendix A and Figure 1 8 oi A O R mm J 10 11 The steps for bottom lo
89. ssion helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 A note about the programs in this manual This manual contains several programs that help to demonstrate the versatility of the Delta printers Star Micronics has made every effort to insure that the programs are func tional and accurate However Star Micronics cannot guarantee their accuracy or suitabil ity to any particular application Trademark Acknowledgement Delta 10 Delta 15 grafstar Universal Atari Parallel Interface Universal Commodore Parallel Interface Star Micronics Apple Apple II Apple II Apple Ile Applesoft Apple Computer Inc Atari 400 Atari 800 Atari 850 Atari Inc a Warner Communications Company Commodore VIC 20 C 64 Commodore Business Machines Inc Compag Compag Computer Corporation CP M Digital Research EasyWriter Information Unlimited Software Inc IBM Personal Computer IBM PC IBM XT International Business Machines Corp Kaypro Kaypro Computer Corporation Microsoft BASIC Microsoft Corporation Osborne 1 Osborne Computer Corporation SuperCalc Sorcim Corporation TRS 80 Radio Shack a division of Tandy Corporation WordStar MicroPro International Corporation OCopyright 1983 Star Micronics Inc A Special Message to the New Owner Your new Delta printer and this manual are both
90. t to two or three choices you can guickly eliminate all the daisy wheel printer types and then experiment You won t hurt anything if you guess wrong it just won t work right This should guickly tell you if your guess is right If all else fails though your Star dealer will be happy to give you some advice Some programs don t ask you what kind of printer you have but instead they ask some guestions about what your printer can do Here are the answers to the most asked questions Delta can do a backspace Delta can do a hardware form feed With these guestions answered you are ready to start print ing Read the manual that came with your commercial software to see how to make it send information for Delta to print This is all you need to know to use Delta as a regular printer But Delta isn t just a regular printer Delta has many capabilities that your com mercial software isn t aware of A little later we will see what it takes to use some of Delta s advanced features with commercial software First some terminology Delta knows what to print because it knows how to interpret the codes that the computer sends to it These codes are numbers that the computer sends to Delta Both the computer and Delta know the meaning of these codes because they are a set of stand ard codes used by almost all microcomputers This set of codes is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange which is usually referred to as AS
91. ths in detail later in this chapter for now we ll leave it at 11 The descender data was discussed earlier to use the top seven pins this bit should be 0 to use the bottom seven pins this bit should be 1 Figure 7 10 shows the bits of the attribute byte as we ll use them for our heart character Since the descender data is O the value of the byte is egual to the value of the proportional data 11 By now you ve probably seen an easier way to determine the value of the attribute byte Instead of translating everything to binary merely assign the descender data a value of 16 the value of the fourth bit if you want descenders or O if you don t want des cenders Then just add the descender data to the proportional width This way it s simply a matter of adding two decimal num bers In our case it s 0 11 11 82 Delta User s Manual 11 decimal Unused Proportional idth Descender data Pt Figure 7 10 The attribute byte n2 for our heart character You ll probably recognize m1 m11 from the top of our lay out grid That s right each column is described by one byte Now we ve got everything we need to download one character to the printer The complete command for our heart character is shown in Figure 7 11 CHR 27 CHR 42 CHR 1 CHR 72 CHR 11 CHRS 4 Escape 1 n n m CHRS 10 CHR 20 CHR 10 CHR 52 CHR 72 m m m m m CHR 52 CHR 10 CHR 20 CHR 10 CHR 4 m m m
92. to reach a specific column on the page no matter where you start from Vertical tabs are the same If you have a vertical tab set Formatting Your Output 59 at line 20 a lt VT or vertical tab will move you to line 20 whether you start from line 5 or line 19 The default vertical tab settings are every six lines If you send a CHR 11 which is the ASCII code for lt VT before we have set up tabs it will advance the paper to one of these preset tabs Enter this program to see how this works NEW 29 LPRINT CHR 11 FIRST TAB 39 LPRINT CHR 11 SECOND TAB 49 LPRINT CHR 11 THIRD TAB 59 LPRINT CHR 11 FOURTH TAB The CHR 11 in each line advances the paper to the next vertical tab The lines should be spaced evenly six lines apart Now let s set some vertical tabs of our own Add this line to the program 19 LPRINT CHR 27 P CHR 19 CHR 29 CHR 49 CHR 59 CHR 9 ESC P is the command to set vertical tabs Like the hori zontal tab setting command tab positions must be defined in ascending order Our example sets vertical tabs at lines 10 20 40 and 50 Then the CHR 11 in each of the following lines advances the paper to the next vertical tab Figure 5 1 is what you get Add one more line to the program to demonstrate one more feature of vertical tabs 69 LPRINT CHR 11 FIFTH TAB Now when you run the program the first page looks just like before but line 60 sends one more VT than the
93. to use these characters let s use this character set to print a typical bridge hand This program will do just that 1 Program to deal bridge hands and print on Delta 2 GOSUB 1 Tnitialize variables 3 GOSUB 2 Initialize printer 49 GOSUB 3 Deal cards 59 GOSUB 4909 Print hands 6 END 1999 Initialize variables 1919 DEFINT A Z 19290 DIM HAND 4 DECK 52 CARD 13 SUIT 3 1939 CARD 1 2 CARD 2 3 CARD 3 4 CARD 4 5 CARD 5 6 1949 CARD 6 7 CARD 7 8 CARD 8 9 CARD 9 1g 19590 CARD 1 J CARD 11 Q CARD 12 K CARD 13 A 1969 SUIT g S SUIT 1 H SUIT 2 D SUITS 3 C 1970 INPUT Random number seed I 1089 RANDOMIZE I 1999 RETURN 2099 Initialize printer 2919 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 68 CHR 2 CHR 4 CHR Set tabs 86 Delta User s Manual 2029 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 43 CHR 27 CHR 36 CHR cHR 27 CHR 69 CHR 39 Macro instruction is used to select standard characters emphasized 2939 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 42 CHR Q Load standard characters in RAM 2949 FOR I 1 TO 4 This loop reads data for the four 2059 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 42 CHR 1 card suit characters and sends it 2969 FOR J 1 TO 13 to the printer 2070 READ X LPRINT CHR X 2089 NEXT J 2999 NEXT I 2199 LPRINT 2119 RETURN 2129 DATA 72 11 4 19 29 10 52 72 52 19 20 10 4 2139 DATA 83 11 16 8 2 8 86 41 86
94. ures There is an easier way The control code ESC will reset all of Delta s features to the power on condition as deter mined by the DIP switches with two exceptions Those excep tions are that ESC will not erase any characters that you have stored in Delta s RAM memory Chapter 7 tells you how to create your own characters and it won t erase the macro if you Special Features 63 have one stored in Delta s RAM this chapter will tell you how to create a macro Putting Delta to sleep You know how to put Delta off line with the ON LINE button so that you can use the FF and LF buttons Delta has another off line state that can be controlled from your computer When you turn Delta off line from your computer Delta will ignore anything that you send it except for the code to go on line again CHR 19 is the code to turn Delta off line CHR 17 returns Delta to on line status Printing to the bottom of the sheet Sometimes when you are using individual sheets of paper you may want to print near the bottom of a sheet The paper out detec tor usually stops Delta when you are about 2 inches from the bottom of the sheet This is to notify you if you are running out of continuous paper Delta has the ability to print right to the bottom of the sheet You can disable the paper out detector so that it doesn t stop the printer This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet and even beyond if you are not car
95. will get kk dl A HAS TABLE SPACING DELTA HAS VARIAELE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SPACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SPACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SPACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SPACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING DELTA HAS VARIABLE LINE SFACING Line 30 changes the line spacing The command ESC A CHR n changes the line spacing to n 72 of an inch The loop that is started in line 10 increases the value of n the variable I in the program each time it is executed So the line spacing increases as the program continues Line 20 just shortcuts the loop when I 13 since BASIC won t let us send CHR 13 without adding an unwanted CHR 10 to it Finally the ESC 2 in line 60 resets the line spacing to 6 lines per inch This is a shortcut that is the same as ESC A CHR 12 You may wonder why they picked 1 72 of an inch as the incre ment for the line spacing command There s a good reason the dots that the printer makes are 1 72 inch apart So this means that you can vary the line spacing in increments as fine as one dot unless you want finer spacing like one half dot spacing The ESC 3 CHR n command sets the line spacing in 4
96. x then ask your Star dealer which computer that is listed is most like yours If none of the listed com puters are similar to yours then your Star dealer will give you 18 Delta User s Manual advice on connecting Delta to your computer When everything is connected come back here and we will check it out 4 Dip switch 2 Parallel interface connector Parallel interface plug Serial interface plug Serial interface connector Figure 2 1 Delta has both serial and parallel interfaces Using Commercial Software Many of you purchased Delta to use with commercial soft ware You made a good choice because Delta is compatible with most commercial programs from word processing programs to spreadsheet programs to accounting programs Many of these programs have a routine for describing your printer These routines are often in installation programs They typically give you a choice of printers or printer types to pick from Some typical descriptions that you might pick for Delta are TTY type printer with backspace IBM dot matrix printer Centronics type printer Dot matrix ASCII printer Delta should work fine with any of these descriptions Getting Started With Delta 19 Many of these lists of printers are not very clear and may not include anything that you think describes Delta If you can t decide which description best fits Delta we recommend that you narrow the lis

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