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NETGEAR CG814WG Network Router User Manual

1. 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green White Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue White 6 Green Receive Rx 7 Brown White 8 Brown Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables In the wiring table the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC For example the PC transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 When connecting a PC to a PC or a hub port to another hub port the Networks Routing and Firewall Basics D 11 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other Cable Quality A twisted pair Ethernet
2. Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Phone 1 888 NETGEAR SM CG814WGNA Comcast 0 October 2003 2003 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular inst
3. To erase the configuration from the Main Menu under Maintenance select Set Password Select Yes for Restore Factory Defaults and click Apply The gateway will then reboot automatically After an erase the gateway s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 0 1 and the router s DHCP client will be enabled Note To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the gateway 1 Using a paper clip depress and hold the Default Reset Button All the numbered Ethernet LEDs will illuminate green Continue to depress the button for at least 5 seconds The gateway will reboot and clear its configuration information Troubleshooting A 5 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway A 6 Troubleshooting Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 10BASE T 100BASE Tx 802 11b 802 119 DHCP DNS domain name DOCSIS Domain Name Server Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Gateway Appendix B Glossary IEEE 802 3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring IEEE 802 3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps 802 11b and 54 Mbps 802 11g using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spec
4. d Click the Add button Select Client and then click Add Select Microsoft Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows e Locate your Network Neighborhood icon If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop position your mouse pointer over it and right click your mouse button If the icon is not on the desktop Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window Choose Settings and then Control Panel Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it This will open the Network panel as shown below Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verify the following settings as shown e Client for Microsoft Network exists e Ethernet adapter is present e TCP IP is present e Primary Network Logon is set to Windo
5. Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu e Select the Network Connections icon on the Control Panel This will take you to the next step 2 8 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Now the Network Connection window displays The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC located to the right of the window e Right click on the Connection with the wireless icon and choose Status Network Tasks fa Create a new connection amp Disable this network device RS Repair this connection j Rename this connection view status of this connection Change settings of this connection Other Places Details HS Local Area Connec Disable Repair Bridge Connections Create Shortcut Rename Properties Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window This box displays the connection status duration speed and activity statistics e Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window e Click the Properties button to view details about the connection 4 Local Area Connection Status G l eneral Support Connection Status Connected Duration 01 40 23 Speed 100 0 Mbps Activity Sent AN 138 143 Packets Received 243 057 Preparing Your Network Hard
6. Network Mode Tfrastructure Channel _ S a TransmitRate iW Security WEP Monitor Transmission bps ican Reception bps i Signal Strength mManannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnE 70 Link Quality TTT 70 Cancel Apply Note When the Windows XP wireless configuration utility is enabled the default only these two tab pages appear To use the full Netgear utility please see uncheck the Use Windows to configure your wireless network in the properties of the wireless adapter Verify that your Connection and Status Monitor information matches your wireless network Check the two CG814WG LEDs Solid green for the LINK LED indicates a good connection Blinking for the LINK LED indicates attempting to connect Off for the LINK LED indicates the card is turned off or not fully plugged in Blinking for the amber transmission LED indicates data transmission Verify connectivity to the Internet or network resources Note If you are unable to connect see Basic Troubleshooting Tips on page C 10 Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP C 7 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Wireless Connection Indicators The NETGEAR wireless adapters provide the indicators which give you feedback on the status of your wireless connection e LEDs on the wireless adapter indicate the condition of wireless link e The color of the SysTray icon i
7. Network Subnet Node Figure D 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Networks Routing and Firewall Basics D 5 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with
8. 2000 or XP for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you may need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 2 3 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry Select Properties Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows Then restart your PC Preparing Your Network 2 7 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP or 2000 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP
9. Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Automatically detects and thwarts attacks such as Ping of Death SYN Flood LAND Attack and IP Spoofing e Configurable Port Forwarding Port Blocking Port Triggering and DMZ provide enough flexibility for most applications e Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off limits e Logs security incidents The CG814WG will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic port scans attacks and administrator logins You can configure the gateway to email the log to you whenever a significant event occurs 802 11g Standards based Wireless Networking The CG814WG Gateway includes an 802 11 g compliant wireless access point providing continuous high speed 54 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices The access point provides e 802 11g Standards based wireless networking at up to 54Mbps interoperable with 802 1b networks e 64 bit and 128 bit WEP encryption security e WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase e Wireless access can be restricted by MAC address Configurable Auto Uplink Ethernet Connection With its internal 4 port 10 100 switch the CG814WG can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network Both the local LAN and the Internet WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation The gateway incorporates Auto Uplink techno
10. a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router Networks Routing and Firewall Basics D 1 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The CG814WG Gateway supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast p
11. hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table D 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 ON DOO FP WN The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the mask length formats Table D 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 8 255 255 0 0 16 D 6 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Table D 2 Netmask Formats 255 255 255 0 124 255 255 255 128 125 255 255 255 192 126 255 255 255 224 127 255 255 255 240 128 255 255 255 248 129 255 255 255 252 130 255 255 255 254 131 255 255 255 255 132 NETGEAR strongly recommends that you configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the foll
12. numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The PC sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses Networks Routing and Firewall Basics D 9 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each PC must be configured with an IP address If the PCs need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The CG814WG Gateway has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The CG814WG Gateway also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The gateway can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mas
13. password e I want to clear the configuration and start over again Go to Erasing the Current Restoring the Factory Configuration on page A 5 Basic Functions After you turn on power to the gateway the following sequence of events should occur 1 When power is first applied verify that the Power LED is on 2 Verify that the numbered ethernet LEDs come on momentarily 3 After approximately 30 seconds verify that The Local port Link LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected The Test LED is not lit Troubleshooting A 1 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The Internet Link port LED is lit If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Power LED Not On If the Power and other LEDs are off when your gateway is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your gateway and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the 12VDC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Test LED Stays On If the Test LED stays on continuously there is a fault within the gateway If you experience problems with the Test LED e Cycle the power to see if the gateway recovers and the LED goes off e Ifall LEDs including the Test LED are still on one minu
14. sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone
15. ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A T_T 6h hULTtC TS Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node Figure D 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range Tex ack tO 2265 kek Ks e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range T28a lexz Eto T9254 458K Networks Routing and Firewall Basics D 3 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range 192 0 1 x to 223 255 254 x e Class D Class D addresses are used for multi
16. Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described in Table D 1 Table D 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal 1 Orange White Transmit Tx
17. ISP for a single user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a computer Your gateway does not support a USB connected broadband modem For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your gateway takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the gateway s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem the gateway appears to be a single PC to the ISP The gateway then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the gateway to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Are Login Protocols Used Some ISPs require a special login protocol in which you must enter a login name and password in order to access the Internet When you configure your gateway you will need to enter your login name and password in the router s configuration menu
18. Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What s in the Box The product package should contain the following items e CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e AC power adapter e Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable e USB cable e Resource CD including This manual Application Notes Tools and other helpful information If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the product for repair The Gateway s Front Panel The front panel of the CG814WG Figure 1 1 contains status LEDs NETGEAR V d WM 1 2 3 4 6 Figure 1 1 CG814WG Front Panel You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections Table 1 1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the CG814WG Gateway These LEDs are green when lit Table 1 1 LED Descriptions Label Activity Description Power On Power is supplied to the gateway Off Power is not supplied to the gateway O Hardware Overview 1 5 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Table 1 1 LED Descriptions Test On A system failure has occurred Reboot the gateway Off Normal operation v Cable Link On Green Configuration of the cable interface by your cable service provider n is complete 45 Off Configuration of the cable interface is still in progress Cable On Data is being
19. allation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT Amtsbl Vfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for complia
20. ard has The wireless PC Card has established good a connection with another communication with an access point and the signal wireless node quality is strong Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP C 9 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Basic Troubleshooting Tips If you have problems connected to your wireless network try the tips below connect to access point but cannot connect Symptom Cause Solution The PC Card The wireless Remove and reinsert the wireless adapter LINK LED is adapter is not Check the Windows device manager to see if the PC not lit inserted into the Card is recognized and enabled Reload the wireless slot properly orits adapter software if necessary na HNO Try to install the wireless adapter in a different oat CardBus slot on your system if one is available The LINK LED The wireless The access point may not be powered on Or the is blinking adapter is access point and the PC card are not configured with repeatedly attempting to the same wireless parameters Check the SSID and WEP settings I can connect to an access point but I cannot connect to other computers on the network or the Internet This could be a physical layer problem or a network configuration problem Check to make sure that the access point is physically connected to the Ethernet network Make sure that the IP addresses and th
21. casts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 combi
22. ces on the World Wide Web Unshielded twisted pair The cable used by 10BASE T and 100BASE Tx Ethernet networks See wide area network Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP is a data encryption protocol for 802 11b and 802 11g wireless networks All wireless nodes and access points on the network are configured with a 64 bit or 128 bit Shared Key for data encryption WAN A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks The Internet is a large WAN Glossary B 3 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway B 4 Glossary Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix C Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP This section describes how to configure basic wireless security on your Wireless Local Area Network WLAN when using Windows XP Note Indoors computers can easily connect to 802 11 wireless networks at distances of several hundred feet Because walls do not always block wireless signals others outside your immediate area could access your network It is important to take appropriate steps to secure your network from unauthorized access The CG814WG provides highly effective security features which are covered in the Comcast user manual Deploy the security features appropriate to your needs What You Will Need Before You Begin You need to verify your computer meets the minimum system requirements and ident
23. dem Gateway This manual describes the features of the gateway and provides installation and configuration instructions Audience This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and PC networking technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices Typographical Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions italics Media titles UNIX files commands URLs and directory names bold times roman User input courier font Screen text user typed command line entries Enter Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets The notation Enter is used for the Enter key and the Return key Ctrl C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked with a plus sign SMALL CAPS File and directory names About This Manual ix Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest AN Warning This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or equipment damage A Danger This format is used to alert you that there is the potential for incurring an electrical shock if you mishandle the equipmen
24. dware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 3 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 code EARR i 192 168 0 4 192 168 0 5 Figure D 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one PC for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses D 8 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If a device
25. e Windows networking parameters are all configured correctly Restart the cable or DSL modem router access point and notebook PC Also for problems with accessing network resources the Windows software might not be installed and configured properly on your computers Please refer to Windows documentation for instructions on these options Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix D Networks Routing and Firewall Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks routing and firewalls Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as
26. eeeeeeeeeenteeees 2 7 Install or Verify Windows Networking Component ccccecceeeeeeeetteeeeeeeetteeeeeees 2 7 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP or 2000 0 0 0 cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeees 2 8 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows AP scscsccseiesencerersssseinessauccennesancnmies 2 8 Contents v ihe UA of TRE in Windows 2000 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Ait Are Login Protocols Used n What Is Your Configuration Information a Obtaining ISP Configuration Information from Your pana ieren a tO FEST TNS He NENTE sasoinean daie aian Appendix A Troubles hoo Higin aAa a idani Basic Functions E tasted vie Raat EEE A I EE EE ee o Power LED Not E E AA E AA EE EEE E T Teo GEIR SVT ON er Ten a enc Ten yeu y ree Tamer ee Neer es eater en ET A 2 L cal Link LEDs No ON siccsnscsbanescnis anata a ee eLink LEQ NOLON onse iuanuninenasunnsiae Oe oting the ISP Cena ection a NANO A TAR Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using z a Ping Utility shivimsisebixinad E Testing the LAN Path to Your Gateway Testing the Path from Your PC to a C i Erasing the Current Restoring the Factory Configuration ccccccssseeeeeeeees AS Appendix B ONG E E E E E A E E nace eurt N Appendix C Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP Ar EEE E E E E E A S What You Wil Need Before You Begi sisiiccciscaimccietssuraceesisiassactsuiastdccssatiinctenelicaesiecenen D Observe L
27. en the network options menu Click on the View Available Wireless Networks menu item If there is more than one wireless network in your vicinity click on the one to which you will connect Click on the Allow me to connect to the selected wireless network even though this is not secure check box Click Connect Open Network Connections iew Available Wireless Networks E A d Right click here to display this menu This wireless network is not secure Because a network key WEP is not used for authentication or for data encryption data sent over this network might be subject to unauthorized access If you are having difficulty connecting to a network click Advanced Windows XP Network Connection Alert Note This procedure assumes your wireless network is not using WEP security If your wireless network uses WEP set up your CG814WG accordingly To view WEP settings help click the Advanced button and click the Learn about link on the Windows XP Local Area Connection Wireless Networks Properties tab page Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verify wireless connectivity to your network a Open the CG814WG utility by clicking on the icon in the Windows system tray d Status About NETGEAR Everybody s connecting Connection Connectedto Wireless 00 09 5B 20 34 C2
28. formation from Your Computer As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the CG814WG Gateway Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the gateway for Internet access 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab 2 16 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address 6 Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it d
29. ify the wireless network configuration settings of the WLAN where you will connect before you can configure your wireless pc card and connect Observe Location and Range Guidelines Computers can connect over 802 11 wireless networks indoors at a range which vary significantly based on the physical location of the computer with the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway For best results avoid potential sources of interference such as e Large metal surfaces e Microwaves e 2 4 GHz Cordless phones In general 802 11 wireless devices can communicate through walls However if the walls are constructed with concrete or have metal or metal mesh the 802 11 effective range will decrease if such materials are between the devices Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP C 1 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Two Basic Operating Modes The CG814WG Gateway like all 802 11 adapters can operate in the following two basic modes Infrastructure Mode An 802 11 networking framework in which devices and computers communicate with each other by first going through an access point AP For example this mode is used when computers in a house connect to an Access Point that is attached to a router which lets multiple computers share a single Cable or DSL broadband Internet connection e Ad Hoc Mode An 802 11 networking framework in which devices or computers communicate directly with each other with
30. ilable CardBus slot on the side of your notebook Hold the PC Card with the Netgear logo facing up and insert it into the CardBus slot The Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed b Click Next and follow the prompts to proceed Click Continue Anyway if you are prompted with a Windows XP Logo testing message After the installation completes click Finish to close the wizard You should see the CG814WG system tray icon on the right in the lower right portion of the Windows task bar Windows XP will display a Wireless Network Connection message Found New Hardware Wizard Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for NETGEAR WG511 v3 Wireless PC Card If your hardware came with an installation CD S or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do Install the software automatically Recommended Install from a list or specific location Advanced Click Next to continue Cancel Add New Hardware Wizard CG814WG System Tray Icon i Wireless Network Connection6 One or more wireless networks are available To see a list of available networks click here Windows XP Network Connection Alert Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP C 5 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Configure your CG814WG a Right click on the network icon in the Windows XP system tray to op
31. in dotted decimal notation or as a number appended to the IP address For example a 28 bit mask starting from the MSB can be shown as 255 255 255 192 or as 28 appended to the IP address Network Address A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Translation Internet B 2 Glossary Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway packet PPP Point to Point Protocol RFC RIP router Routing Information Protocol subnet mask URL UTP WAN WEP wide area network A block of information sent over a network A packet typically contains a source and destination network address some protocol and length information a block of data and a checksum See Point to Point Protocol PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet Request For Comment Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet RFCs can be found at www ietforg See Routing Information Protocol A device that forwards data between networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations See netmask Universal Resource Locator the global address of documents and other resour
32. k DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the Network Address Translation NAT process the network behind the NAT router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by which a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send email to an administrator notifying them of the incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusions the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time D 10 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics
33. le line It may be necessary to run a home run back to the point where the cable enters your home Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your gateway is unable to access the Internet and your Cable Link LED is on you may need to register the Cable MAC Address and or Device MAC Address of you gateway with your cable service provider Contact your cable Internet service provider for assistance with this procedure Additionally your PC may not have the gateway configured as its TCP IP gateway If your PC obtains its information from the gateway by DHCP reboot the PC and verify the gateway address as described in DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 on page 2 11 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made easier by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Gateway You can ping the gateway from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your gateway is set up correctly To ping the gateway from a PC running Windows 95 or later 1 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run 2 Inthe field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the gateway as in this example Troubleshooting A 3 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireles
34. logy Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection 1 2 Hardware Overview Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway USB Port A USB connection for your computer eliminates the need for installing an Ethernet card Protocol Support The CG814WG supports the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP Appendix D Networks Routing and Firewall Basics provides further information on TCP IP e IP Address Sharing by NAT The CG814WG allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider ISP This technique known as Network Address Translation NAT allows the use of an inexpensive single user ISP account Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The CG814WG dynamically assigns network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies config
35. nadausnadSabadeiasiwsauslanlcee ta tantie bantu tes EEE 1 1 Bulki Cabe FOGOM Ieee nee ier per rt eer ewr rennet Bree etre etter ferterr a 1 1 A Powerful True Firewall sive oia cain eta ae en 1 1 802 11g Standards based Wireless Networking ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeenteeeeeeeaas 1 2 Configurable Auto Uplink Ethernet Connection cceceeeceeeeseeeeeeeentteeeeeeeenaees 1 2 USB POD aisea ANAA 1 3 Protocol Suppo aicn cei end ieee 1 3 Easy Installation and Management ssssircissriisssisssinisisrni a iaaa 1 3 ARAS INO BOKT aiaiai error eerpre ye renr nn tmorrr yt eee or ry 1 5 Ie Galowy FIC Panel cca ean eats 1 5 The Gale way Rear Fae vssisconsscnnersauinrvnsiehanueniminnenrumiareionsaant 1 7 Chapter 2 Preparing Your NotWOrkK seciciicssscccicscssscccttasasascestasarsesscsaiansedtteaasiectctaaeatctianarenccteanaantectionasee 2 1 Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking ssscscccccsssccccessssannccetsesancctesseeaceceniees 2 1 Configuring Windows 98 SE and Me for TCP IP Networking c ccceeeeeeneeeeeeeeenneeees 2 2 Install or Verify Windows Networking Component cccecceeeeeeeetteeeeeeetnteeeeees 2 2 enop DRCT a sce nr tens hd od natal a 2 4 Selecting Windows Internet Access Method ccccecssssceeeeessncceeeeenscceeeeeentneees 2 6 Veriiing PAR Properties ciscssranisotouiationraenanietencneiienenieouuenenaaeine 2 6 Configuring Windows 2000 or XP for TCP IP Networking cceeeeeeeeeeee
36. nce with the regulations Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Technical Support Thank you for choosing Comcast as your Internet Service Provider and Netgear product s Please register online and take advantage of the technical support resources such as Netgear online knowledge base Technical support is available twenty four hours a day seven days a week please call your local Comcast office Contents ADOUt THIS AUN sessin aaa uodapousa paces buaan dens Aaaa AETA ix POC ONEC ana ra i tc a rd i ts San ke Sed DN and VS Soda dD ha ix Typographical Conventions sciccssrcsisscsscieanssssretesleesssrieascsswereaasorrenaasiwredaamwrremaaanyie ix RISC lal Message PONMIANS cisssimeraernsssntexsrtasaanaeiavanansansranasananennanastanevaaienesinnsannnaenalaanis eel aiaae x Chapter 1 Hardware Overy SV oases cai sccss Higacacecobaataces soaungeceeestasuseesnbna kanass susaguueessasdumesesinnaguenessaganarsesvaaiae 1 1 ADOUFE Tos US an tiacasssatia dct ataalp Nasndunil ca
37. nds to the version of Windows you are using Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP C 3 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Basic Installation Instructions Use the procedure below that corresponds to the version of Windows you are using For Windows XP Users Installing a CG814WG Install the CG814WG driver and configuration utility software a Power on your notebook let the operating system boot up completely and log in as needed b Insert the Resource CD for the CG814WG into your CD ROM drive CG814WG Resource CD The CD main page shown at the right will load Note If this page does not automatically appear c Click the Install Driver amp Utility link browse the root of the CD and double click on INDEX HTM to display this page d Follow the Install Shield Wizard steps and click Finish when done to restart your computer InstallShield Wizard Welcome to the InstallShield wed fos NETGEAR WG511 v3 Wireless PC Card The InstallShield Wizard will install NETGEAR WG511 v3 Wireless PC Card on your computer To continue click Newt Install Shield Wizard Note If a Windows XP Certification warning appears click Continue Anyway to proceed C 4 Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Install the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway a Locate an ava
38. necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 2 2 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Network Eg Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks se Eile and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select TCP IP and then click OK Preparing Your Network 2 3 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a b c
39. ned with 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 D 4 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below Class B ae
40. nents checked are used by this connection E Client for Microsoft Networks L File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Ne M Y Intenet Protocol TCP IP s Restart the PC twork sh Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows other computers to access resources on your computer using a Microsoft network J7 Show icon in taskbar when connected Preparing Your Network 2 13 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP and 2000 To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway The IP address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 0 1 4 Type exit 2 14 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider
41. network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second 1OBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks D 12 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics
42. ocation and Range Guidelines Lissa svete enparan i ctu Basic T Instructions For Windows XP Users installing a CG81 WG Wireless Connection Indicators PEIEE Petty errr Tne ey ere cr tere rer ttre ty AE Interpreting the LED on the C 6814WG Interpreting System Tray Icon Colors Basic Troubleshooting TIPS ccc aca cos testa scent aian asa o de Aadalen D Related PABICIIONS saridan a a hein aa a aa a D vi Contents padig atobili Protocol E E E EEE T E E ee IP Addresses and the Internet cc cccccccccsscccsseeeecseeccseeecesseeesetescssaecssaeeesesaeees D 2 Subnet prre VEE EP O E A IE AEE T LSM Single IP Address Opora iig NAT AA E V PAS NTE AIA EI T D 7 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol Janie EE Related Documenta seers eia a a aaa Domain Name SINE ccscicicuciiiemeroncsnickunianiennenenicunan eee IP Configuration By DHOP scveseretin sedis de ccicatiinadia anatetea rentedraende TO intem t Secunty and Firewalls cocoa siniincrcicrasmrdstnsertoaiivurnsiermnnitamewtactemaae DO idl kafra nnana D Ehana aT EENE ETAT E E Seren PEES T EA F Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables sicscsccoscicciccccncasiviness owas coteansoriesteanniceneene D Ae UGC sairas O Contents vii viii Contents Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway About This Manual Thank your for purchasing the NETGEAR CG814WG Wireless Cable Mo
43. orking groups of the IETF propose standard protocols and procedures for the Internet which are published as RFCs Request for Comment at www ietf org Internet Protocol The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP A four position number uniquely defining each host on the Internet Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic an organization formed for this purpose Usually written in dotted decimal notation with periods separating the bytes for example 134 177 244 57 Internet service provider See local area network LAN A communications network serving users within a limited area such as one floor of a building A LAN typically connects multiple personal computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN Ethernet is the most common for connecting personal computers Media Access Control address A unique 48 bit hardware address assigned to every Ethernet node Usually written in the form 01 23 45 67 89 ab Megabits per second See Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte See Maximum Transmit Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received NAT See Network Address Translation netmask A number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network address and which part is the host address on that network It can be expressed
44. out the use of an AP For example Ad Hoc Mode is used when two Windows computers are configured with file and print sharing enabled and you want to exchange files directly between them Infrastructure configuration procedures for basic network connectivity are covered below The CG814WG does not operate in Ad Hoc mode C 2 Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway CG814WG Default Wireless Configuration Settings If this is a new wireless network installation use the factory default settings to set up the network and verify wireless connectivity If this is an addition to an existing wireless network you will need to identify the wireless configuration and security parameters already defined Your CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway factory default basic settings are e Network Name Service Set Identification SSID NETGEAR Note In order for the CG814WG Gateway to communicate with a wireless access point or wireless adapter all devices must be configured with the same wireless network name SSID e Network Mode Infrastructure or Ad hoc Infrastructure e Data security WEP encryption Disabled The section below provides instructions for setting up the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway for basic wireless connectivity to an access point The procedures below provide step by step installation instructions for Windows PCs Use the procedure that correspo
45. owing reasons e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The CG814WG Gateway employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Networks Routing and Firewall Basics D 7 Har
46. own Click Disable DNS 7 Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window 8 Click OK 9 Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your computers to work with the gateway you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your CG814WG Gateway you are ready to access and configure the gateway Preparing Your Network 2 17 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 2 18 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix A Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway For the common problems listed go to the section indicated e Is the gateway on e Have I connected the gateway correctly Go to Basic Functions on page A 1 e Ican t access the gateway s configuration with my browser Go to Troubleshooting the ISP Connection on page A 3 Tve configured the gateway but I can t access the Internet Go to Troubleshooting the ISP Connection on page A 3 e Ican t remember the gateway s configuration
47. r establishing a TCP IP network In your IP network each PC and the gateway must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix D Networks Routing and Firewall Basics The CG814WG Gateway is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The gateway assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 0 2 through 192 168 0 254 Preparing Your Network 2 1 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the gateway 192 168 0 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 98 SE and Me for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the
48. received from the network to the gateway on the Downstream cable interface Traffic Off The cable interface is idle Ww Cable On Data is being transmitted from the gateway to the network on the Upstream cable interface Traffic Off The cable interface is idle NM Wireless On Indicates that the wireless Access Point is operating normally a Blink Data is being transmitted or received on the wireless interface T Local On Green The Local port has detected link with a 100 Mbps device Local Area Blink Green Data is being transmitted or received at 100 Mbps Network On Yellow The Local port has detected link with a 10 Mbps device Blink Yellow Data is being transmitted or received at 10 Mbps 4 Off No link is detected on this port USB On Green The Local port has detected link with a USB device Blink Green Data is being transmitted or received through USB lt Off No link is detected on the USB port 1 6 Hardware Overview Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The Gateway s Rear Panel The rear panel of the CG814WG Figure 1 2 contains the connections identified below opppy Figure 1 2 CG814WG Rear Panel Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the following elements e 802 11g Wireless anteenna e AC power adapter input e Factory Default Reset push button e USB port for connecting the gateway to a local computer Four Ethernet RJ 45 por
49. rotocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 195 34 12 7 D 2 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different
50. roubleshooting Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Check that your PC has the IP address of your gateway listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your PC s Network Control Panel Verify that the IP address of the gateway is listed as the default gateway as described in DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 on page 2 11 Check to see that the network address of your PC the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your Cable Link LED is on If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu Your ISP could be rejecting the Device MAC Address of your gateway because it does not match the MAC Address of the PC you previously used to connect to a cable modem In this case you will need to clone your PCs MAC Address Refer to Connecting the CG814W Gateway on page 2 4 Erasing the Current Restoring the Factory Configuration The configuration settings of the CG814WG Gateway are stored in a configuration file in the gateway This file can be reverted to factory default settings The procedures below explain how to do these tasks It is sometimes desirable to restore the gateway to the factory default settings This can be done by using the Erase function 1
51. s After your network and gateway are configured the gateway will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to run the login program from your PC It is not necessary to uninstall the login program What Is Your Configuration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the following basic information for your account Preparing Your Network 2 15 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your gateway automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy the configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the gateway These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration In
52. s Cable Modem Gateway ping 192 168 0 1 3 Click on OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in Local Link LEDs Not On on page A 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and gateway e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your PC or workstation Verify that the IP address for your gateway and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your PC to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt P address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies A 4 T
53. s on the System Tray portion of the taskbar in the Microsoft Windows desktop indicates the status of the connection Interpreting the LED on the CG814WG These LEDs are described below Table 2 1 LED Descriptions LED Activity Description LINK Green On The card is plugged in to the notebook PC Blinking Blinking indicates the CG814WG is trying to establish a connection but is unable to do so ACTIVITY Amber On Blinking If blinking the CG814WG is has a connection and is transmitting or receiving data Off There is no wireless network connection C 8 Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Interpreting System Tray Icon Colors The System Tray SysTray resides on one end of the taskbar in the Microsoft Windows desktop Color Condition Description Red The wireless PC Cardhas The wireless PC Card is not able to link to any other no connection to any wireless node or the link is lost Check your other wireless node configuration or try moving to a location where the wireless signal quality is better Yellow The wireless PC Card has The wireless link is weak You may deed to move to a a connection with another better spot such as closer to the wireless access point wireless node Also look for possible interference such as a 2 4 GHz cordless phone or large metal surface Green The wireless PC C
54. t About This Manual Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 1 Hardware Overview This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway About the CG814WG The NETGEAR CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway connects directly to the wide area network WAN using its built in cable modem It has multiple options to connect to your local area network LAN including a 4 port 10 100 Mbps Ethernet switch a USB port and an 802 11g wireless Access Point The CG814WG Gateway is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions Unlike simple Internet sharing routers that rely on Network Address Translation NAT for security the CG814WG uses Stateful Packet Inspection for attack protection and intrusion detection The CG814WG provides highly reliable Internet access for up to 253 users The CG814WG offers the following features Built in Cable Modem The CG814WG Gateway connects directly the WAN using an integrated cable modem The modem is DOCSIS 2 0 compliant and compatible with DOCSIS 1 0 and DOCSIS 1 1 guaranteeing that it will work with your local cable service provider A Powerful True Firewall Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers the CG814WG is a true firewall using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks Its firewall features include Hardware Overview 1 1 Hardware Manual for the
55. te after power up clear the gateway s configuration to factory defaults This will set the gateway s IP address to 192 168 0 1 This procedure is explained in Erasing the Current Restoring the Factory Configuration on page A 5 If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Local Link LEDs Not On If the Local Port Link LEDs do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the gateway and at the hub or PC e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or PC e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the gateway s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable A 2 Troubleshooting Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Cable Link LED Not On If the Cable Link LED does not light when connected to your cable television cable check the following e Make sure that the coaxial cable connections are secure at the gateway and at the wall jack e Make sure that your cable internet service has been provisioned by your cable service provider Your provider should verify that the signal quality is good enough for cable modem service e Remove any excessive splitters you may have on your cab
56. ternet Protocol The default wide area network protocol that provides communication Click OK across diverse interconnected networks Internet Protocol TCP IP Local Area Connection Properties my 2 xi Connect using 8 3Com 10 100 Mini PCI Ethernet Adapter IV Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel 2 12 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties 2 x General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings e With Internet Protocol TCP IP selected click on Properties to open the Obtain an IP address automatically C Use the following IP address Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties ree SS dialogue box Verify that Sume mes a Obtain an IP address eee automatically is selected Obtain DNS server address automatically C Use the following DNS server addresses Obtain DNS server address AE EIP ae automatically is selected Neen TIN et Altemate DNS server e Click OK to return to Local Area Ad d Connection Properties a omea General Connect using l BY 3Com EtherLink XL 10 100 PCI NIC 3C905 TX e Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows i 2 0 0 0 Compo
57. the space below Cancel Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Internet connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run 2 6 Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Type winipefg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 0 1 Configuring Windows
58. trum at 2 5GHz See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See Domain Name Server A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as com edu uk etc For example in the address mail NETGEAR com mail is a server name and NETGEAR com is the domain Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification Defines interface requirements for cable modems involved in high speed data distribution over cable television system networks A Domain Name Server DNS resolves descriptive names of network resources such as www NETGEAR com to numeric IP addresses DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses A local device usually a router that connects hosts on a local network to other networks Glossary B 1 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway IETF IP IP Address ISP LAN local area network MAC address Mbps MSB MTU Maximum Transmit Unit Internet Engineering Task Force An open international community of network designers operators vendors and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet W
59. ts for connecting the gateway to local computers e Coaxial F type connector for connecting the gateway to your cable service provider Hardware Overview 1 7 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1 8 Hardware Overview Chapter 2 Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a lt broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your gateway Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to page 2 16 for further information Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each computer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your PC then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e All Windows 98 SE or later includes the software components fo
60. uration of PCs on your local network DNS Relay When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified the gateway provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs The gateway obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN Easy Installation and Management You can install configure and operate the CG814WG within minutes after connecting it to the network The following features simplify installation and management tasks Browser based management Browser based configuration allows you to easily configure your gateway from almost any type of personal computer such as Windows Macintosh or Linux A user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface Diagnostic functions The gateway incorporates built in diagnostic functions such as Ping DNS lookup and remote reboot These functions allow you to test Internet connectivity and reboot the gateway You can use these diagnostic functions directly from the CG814WG when your are connect on the LAN or when you are connected over the Internet via the remote management function Hardware Overview 1 3 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Visual monitoring The gateway s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity 1 4 Hardware Overview Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG
61. ver addresses version of Windows on your network DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 Once again after you have installed the network card TCP IP for Windows 2000 is configured TCP IP should be added by default and set to DHCP without your having to configure it However if there are problems you may need to know how to do it manually Remember Cox only sets up TCP IP dynamically i e it uses DHCP to obtain TCP IP settings Following are the steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000 Preparing Your Network 2 11 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop This will bring up a window called Network and Dial up Connections Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears General Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using box Components checked are used by this connection V E Client for Microsoft Networks 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Internet Protocol TCP IP Verify that at least the following two items are displayed and selected in the box of Components checked are used by this connection Install Uninstall Properties Client for Microsoft Networks and Sas Description Transmission Control Protocol In
62. ware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The TCP IP details are presented on the Support tab page Select Internet Protocol and click Properties to view the configuration information lt 4 Local Area Connection Properties General Authentication Advanced Connect using E Intel R PRO 100 VE Network Connection v 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks E QoS Packet Scheduler V Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Show icon in notification area when connected Preparing Your Network Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway QO Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Altermate Configuration Verify that the Obtain an IP address You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports 1 4 i this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for automatically radio button is selected rates Ae bee e Verify that Obtain DNS server address Obtain an IP address automaticaly automatically radio button is selected Use the following IP address e Click the OK button This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Obtain DNS server address automatically Repeat these steps for each PC with this Use the folowing DNS ser
63. ws logon Click on the Properties button The following TCP IP Properties window will display Network Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks 3Com Fast EtherLink xL 10 100Mb TX Ethernet Adapter TCP IP Eopenes Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks z Client for Microsoft Networks Windows Logon Description The primary network logon is the client that is used to validate your user name and password process any login scripts and perform other startup tasks Preparing Your Network 2 5 Hardware Manual for the Model CG814WG Wireless Cable Modem Gateway By default the IP Address tab is open on this window Verify the following e Obtain an IP address automatically is selected If not selected click in the radio button to the left of it to select it This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address e Click OK to continue e Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network TCP IP Properties Bee Bindings Advanced Netpios DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type itin

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