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Furuno FR-8251 Marine RADAR User Manual

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1. 500 Hz on 72 96 nm range 500 Hz when 2nd trace echo rejection is off MP1 MP2 LP only Modulator FR 805 1 8111 FET switching method FR 8251 Line Pulse I F amplifier Logarithmic IF 60 MHz Bandwidth 25MHz 0 08 us 2 5 MHz 0 3 us 0 6 us 1 2 us Tuning Automatic or manual Receiver front end MIC Microwave IC Duplexer Circulator with diode limiter Display Unit Picture tube 12 inch rectangular green phosphor CRT 640 H x 481 V dots Effective display diameter 180 mm Range nm Range ring interval nm Number of range rings Range nm 0 125 0 25 0 5 0 75 1 5 3 6 12 24 48 72 96 Ring intvl nm 0 025 0 05 0 1 0 25 0 25 0 5 1 4 4 8 12 16 No of rings 5 5 5 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 T Can be set to 1 2 4 8 16 or 32 nm when interfaced with video plotter Maximum ranges FR 8051 48 nm FR 6111 72 nm FR 8251 96 nm Minimum range Range discrimination Accuracy 25 m on 0 25 nm scale 20 m on 0 75 nm scale Range 146 of range in use or 8 m whichever is the greater Bearing 1 Environmental Conditions Standards Ambient temperature Humidity Waterproof test IEC 945 Antenna unit 25 C to 70 C Display unit 15 C to 55 C Relative humidity 95 at 40 C Pressure 3 6 kg cm antenna unit Power Supply and Power Consumption Others Nav Data Input Output Coating color Compass safe distance 1
2. essen 2 4 Chapter 3 MAINTENANCE Sul Periodic Maintenance Schedule nus pode oret cada on reuera Presa coiere ufu in ase ded 3 2 3 2 Late Expectamey or Maj r EE 3 2 Chapter 4 TROUBLESHOOTING 4 1 Smmple TroubleshiQOtife A sion aes cists ee heute pte e E oe to po Uh unte pest pa ed TEE 4 4 2 Advanced level Troubleshooting reos tetris rne eeu da repa con ve EE ree eat 4 2 4 3 Diagnostic EE eege 4 5 Chapter 5 LOCATION OF PARTS 5 Antenna EK EES 5 1 5 2 RE Transceiver Unit nee EE EUER DUE acd bet died 5 2 5 3 Display Unit common to all models aude d ae rt Ete T toit oet p oe RE De 5 4 Appendix A DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT A Performance Monitor SS e DE Dl MER t das roD taU E m titus M E E A 1 AU Auto Plotter AIRE 2 EE A 2 AS Video Plotter RPE T EE A 2 AA Fluxgate Heading Senser C 2 TEE A 2 Declaration of Conformity vii FOREWORD A Word to FR 8051 8111 8251 Owners FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the FR 8051 8111 8251 Marine Radar We are confident you will discover why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability For over 40 years FURUNO Electric Com pany has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environ ment However
3. or GUARD2 aud aie rees een GUARD1 A B A SET B C i Set cursor on point A or B and 1 press GUARD 1 ALARM 2 or GUARD2 or GUARD2 GUARD1 GUARD1 IN SET or OUT Set cursor e on point or D Press GUARD ALARM 4 3 4 Guard zone Figure 1 25 How to set the guard alarm Note When the radar range is less than one half of the guard zone range the guard zone disap pears and the indication of active guard zone GUARD or GUARD2 appears in highlighted video If this happens raise the range to re display the guard zone Silencing the aural alarm When a target violates the guard zone the target flashes and the aural alarm sounds You can si lence the aural alarm by pressing the GUARD ALARM key When this is done ACK replaces IN or OUT This means the aural alarm is tem porarily deactivated but the target still flashes Press the key again to reactivate the alarm Canceling the guard zone and guard alarm Press and hold down the GUARD ALARM key about two seconds until the guard zone disap pears 1 29 Watch Alarm The watch alarm works like an alarm clock sounding an aural alarm and blinking a visual indication T ALM at the predetermined time interval When the alarm sounds you can silence it by pressing the AUDIO OFF key You can select time interval 3 min 6 min 12 min 15 min or 20 min on the TIME ALM menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the TIME ALM menu 3 Press the
4. 3 Operate the trackball to place the No 1 EBL origin on target A 4 Operate the EBL control to pass the No 1 EBL through target B 5 Press the VRM ON key to turn on or acti vate the No 1 VRM 6 Operate the VRM control to place the No 1 VRM on the inside edge of target B Range and bearing between the two targets ap pear in the cursor data window at the bottom of the display No 1 EBL No 1 VRM EBL VRM No 1 EBL No 1 VRM bearing range Figure 1 15 Measuring range and bearing between two targets 1 18 Index Lines The index lines are useful for maintaining a con stant distance between own ship and a coastline or partner ship They can be turned on off by the INDEX LINE key Each pressing of the key turns on the index lines linked with No 2 EBL and No 2 VRM anchors the index lines or turns off the index lines No 2 EBL Index lines Figure 1 16 Index lines Rotating the index lines Activate the No 2 EBL and operate the EBL con trol Adjusting index lines intervals Activate the No 2 VRM and operate the VRM control Selecting number of index lines The number of index lines can be selected to two or six on the INITIAL menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the INITIAL menu and press the EN TER SELECT key 3 Select INDEX and press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select 2PCS or 6PCS 5 Press the ENTER SELECT key 6 Press the MENU key 1 19 Off centering the Picture Your ves
5. Figure 1 2 Display indications Tuning indicator AUTO or MANU tuning Echo trail TRU REL Elapsed time trail interval Guard zone 1 active alarm is circumscribed Guard zone 2 IN guard zone type SET set alarm or ACK alarm temporarily deactivated No 2 EBL Waypoint marker Range rings Cursor No 2 VRM Noise Rejection Interference Rejection Echo Stretch Echo Averaging No 1 VRM range readout of active VRM is circumscribed No 2 VRM range Time to go Normal PLOT Select PLOT on DISP DATA menu Alc R2 F3 LES ES3 EAV1 18 0 T EBL TH 1 829nm 290 0 R 10 87nm 99 99 93 7 R 13 82nm TTG 12 34 o TRUEVECTOR BRG 332 7 T COURSE 198 5 T 30MIN RNG 12 5nm SPEED 992 8kt PLOT Data TIME 01 28 CPA 8 89nm TCPA 05 11 PA Normal NAV Select NAV on DISP DATA menu NR ECH IR2 L ES ES3 i EAV1 18 0 T cor vam LLBSEn 290 0 R OWN 34 39 46N 93 7 R WAY 321 6 NAV Data i m SHIP 155 03 0gE 13 82nm POINT 1823nm Requires position COURSE 216 1 34 39 46N TIG 35 42 depth and water DATE APR 08 20 31 135 23 08E DEPTH 265 2m temperature data 99 99 GPS TTG 12 35 TEMP 23 5 C NORMAL NAV PLOT Select ALL on DISP DATA menu NR Ai IR2 F3 ES3 L ES EAV1 18 0 T BB vg 1 829nm 290 0 R 10 87nm OWN 34 39 46N 93 7 R WAY 321 69 T SHIP 35 23 08E 13 82nm POINT 48
6. 50 MHz The performance monitor is an independent unit namely it is not interconnected with any unit of the radar system except for the 100 VAC power cable In some radars the power cable is not routed via the power switch or other control of the radar and the monitor is operated as completely a sepa rate device Operating a performance monitor Transmit the radar on the 24 nm range scale and select a long pulse The radar screen will show several arcs opposite to the heading marker pro vided that the performance monitor is installed behind the radar antenna as is normally the case If the radar transmitter and receiver are in good working conditions inasmuch as the original state when the monitor was tuned the innermost arc should appear at 12 nm and there should be a to tal of 4 arcs The range of the innermost arc reduces 3 nm with every 3 dB loss of transmitted power The receiver sensitivity can be evaluated from the number of visible arcs one arc is lost every 3 dB deteriora tion of the sensitivity Transmitter Receiver performance performance Range to Loss No of Loss innermost arcs arc 3 nm or 10 dB 1 9 dB less or none Display Meaning TRANSMITTER normal RECEIVER normal TRANSMITTER 3 db loss Transmitter system has lost half of initial power Suspect magnetron and feeder system RECEIVER normal TRANSMITTER 3 db loss Transmitter system has lost half of initial power Suspe
7. BRILLI i Sel Item by VRM amp hit ENT PANEL HDG MARK PLOT E O 6 NENNEN 0 Wm TRAIL VRM EBL OS MARK Current mmm E TI e CHAR CURSOR i ENEN Setting Figure 1 8 BRILL menu 4 Select appropriate menu among the following and press the ENTER SELECT key PANEL TRAIL CHAR HDG MARK VRM EBL CURSOR PLOT OS MARK Note The OS MARK Own Ship Mark is not available on the N type radar 5 Operate the VRM or EBL control to set bril liance 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Note The OS MARK Own Ship Mark is not available on the N type radar 1 10 Adjusting Range Ring Brilliance Push in the RINGS PUSH control to adjust range ring brilliance turn the range rings on or off Each pressing of the key adjusts the brilliance of the rings in four levels or turns them off 1 11 Suppressing Sea Clutter In rough weather conditions returns from the sea surface are received over several miles around own ship and mask nearby targets This situation can be improved by properly using the automatic anti clutter function and or the A C SEA control Automatic anti clutter control The easiest way to suppress the surface clutter is to use the automatic anti clutter function Press the A C AUTO switch NWARNING The auto A C function can erase weak targets Manual anti clutter control From the fully counterclockwise position slowly turn the A C SEA control cloc
8. M2P LP LP LP No 1 PL Set SP SP MIP M2P LP LP No 2 Selecting pulselength set to use Select pulselength set on P L SEL of the ECHO SIG menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the ECHO SIG menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select P L SET and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select P L1 or P L2 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 35 Waypoint Display A waypoint selected on a radionav equipment can be displayed on the radar This function requires a compass signal 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the INITIAL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select NAV DATA and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select EXT WP and press the ENTER SE LECT key 6 Select ON or OFF 1 26 SPEED HDG 129 4 MANUAL 30 0kt 0 25 nm TRU TRAIL 0 05 AUTO 00 45 30M ZOOM EEN GUARD1 SP NOI Tun GUARD2 HU ww d r N ud f External waypoint EAV1 345 6 R pL vam 0 080nm 23 0 R 0 220nm 29 59 105 0 R 00 74nm TTG 12 34 Figure 1 28 Displaying an external waypoint 1 36 Outputting Cursor Position TLL data Cursor position can be output to external equip ment in IEC 1162 format by pressing the VRM TLL control This function requires position data and a compass signal 1 37 Selecting Unit of Range Measurement Bearing Reference You can select the unit of range measurement for the VRMs a
9. heading If the gyro fails the presentation mode changes to the Head up mode and the north mark disappears Also the HDG readout at the screen top shows xxx x 150 190 180 170 160 340 350 090 010 020 Own ship and other moving objects move in accordance ue with their true courses and speeds AII fixed targets such as landmasses appear as stationary echoes When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 7596 of the radius of the radar display the sweep origin is automatically flipped reset to 5096 radius opposite to the extension of the heading marker passing through the display center ZOo Odos mare Sweep origin may also be reset automatically in which case the sweep origin is automatically reset to 5096 S m radius opposite on the extension of the heading marker passing through the display center If the gyrocompass fails the presentation mode is changed to the Head up mode and the north marker disappears Also the HDG readout at the screen top shows xxx x North 340 350 000 010 620 marker 30 030 340 350 000 010 020 lu 330 Tr 030 p 040 Heading 200 19o Teg ivo 199 190 180170 160 a True motion b Own ship has reached a c Own ship is automatically is selected point 75 of display radius reset to 50 of radius Automatic resetting of sweep center in true motion mode 1 5 Menu Overview The MAIN menu composed of nine menus con tains functions which normally do not require fre quent adjust
10. no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance procedures set forth in this manual We would appreciate feedback from you the end user about whether we are achieving our purposes Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO viii Features The FR 8051 8111 8251 has a large variety of functions all contained in a rugged case All controls respond immediately to the operator s command and each time a key is pressed the corresponding change can be seen on the screen immediately High definition 12 inch raster scan display Precision slotted waveguide antenna ca pable of withstanding 100 knot wind ve locity Eight levels of target quantization for high target definition e On screen alphanumeric readout of all op erational information including ship s po sition and speed Unique function key automatically sets up for optimum performance with environ ments and targets Automatic suppression of sea and rain clut ter Echo trails to assess targets speeds and courses Presentation modes Head up Course up North up and True Motion e Aural alarm alerts when targets enter or exit an area Floating EBL provides measurements of range and bearing between two targets Hlectronic target plotting Waypoint data from external navigator e Dual VRMs and EBLs CONFIGUR
11. LECT key 6 Select target objective desired and press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Note Each target objective defines a combina tion of several radar settings for achieving opti mum setup for that particular objective Therefore adjustment of radar settings through the FUNC menu is not necessary If you acci dentally change the settings default settings can be restored by reselecting the target objective Turning on a function Press the FUNCTION key to display function number desired at bottom left corner on the dis play Note When the main menu displays FUNC KEY this means no function is active and the FUNCTION key is inoperative To select a func tion erase the menu and press the FUNCTION key 1 23 Own Ship Speed Ship s speed can be entered manually or auto matically by speed log or radionav equipment Own ship s speed is required for TM and display of vectors E plot etc The True Motion display works on a ship speed entered manually or auto matically Automatic speed input 1 Press the MENU key and select the INITIAL menu 2 Press the ENTER SELECT key 3 Select SPD MODE and press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select LOG or NAV and press the ENTER SELECT key 6 Press the MENU key Note If no speed is input for 3 minutes at below 0 1 knots the radar regards this a log failure and displays SYSTEM FAIL LOG 1 17 Manual speed input 1 Press the MENU key 2 S
12. SGL or MULT 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 19 Trail brilliance Trail brilliance may be adjusted on the BRILL menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the BRILL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select TRAIL and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Operate the VRM or EBL control to adjust trail brilliance 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 27 Electronic Plotting E plot 10 operator selected targets can be plotted elec tronically to assess their motion trends Five past positions are marked for each plotted target A vector appears as you enter a second plot for a target and is updated each time a new plot is en tered for the target The vector shows the target motion trend based on its latest two plots Alphanumeric readouts for last plotted or selected target appear at the bottom of the display It should be noted that the vector and alphanu meric target data are not updated in real time but only when you enter a new plot E plot requires ship s speed input automatic or manual and a compass signal When speed is input by a navigator own ship moves in accordance with course not heading Plotting a target Before plotting a target select PLOT or ALL on the MARK amp DATA DSP menu 1 Place the cursor on the target you want to plot and press the PLOT SYMBOL key 1 20 2 Watching the E plot timer on the PLOT mode wait at least 30 seconds Place
13. U Video lockup recovery Video lockup or picture freeze can occur unex pectedly on digital rasterscan radars This is mainly caused by heavy spike noise in the power line and can be noticed by carefully watching the nearly invisible sweep line If you suspect that the picture is not updated every scan of the antenna or no key entry is accepted notwithstanding the apparently normal picture turn the power off and on 1 7 Adjusting Sensitivity The GAIN control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver and thus the intensity of echoes as they appear on the screen The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen If you set up for too little sensitivity weak echoes may be missed On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast be tween desired echoes and the background noise on the display To adjust receiver sensitivity transmit on long range and adjust the GAIN control so background noise is just visible on the screen 1 8 Adjusting Picture Brilliance The BRILL control adjusts the brilliance of the picture 1 9 Adjusting Brilliance of Control Panel and Markers The brilliance of the control panel and markers can be adjusted on the BRILL menu The head ing marker is visible when set to zero 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the BRILL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key
14. amended in 1988 GMDSS Performance stan dard is specified in IMO Resolution A 697 17 SART activating conditions The SART should operate correctly when inter rogated at a distance of up to at least five miles by a navigational radar complying with resolu tions A 477 XII and A 422 VII and IEC 936 with an antenna height of 15 meters It should also operate correctly when interrogated at a dis tance of up to 30 miles by an airborne radar with at least 10 kW peak output power at a height of 3 000 feet How SART works Upon receiving a radar signal from a rescue party the SART automatically transmits a series of twelve frequency sweeps at a frequency between 9200 0 60 MHz and 9500 MHz 0 60 MHz The radar will represent twelve SART marks during one sweep cycle on the screen See the Figure 2 8 Screen A When SART is distant Radar antenna beamwidt h ra SART mark length Y Radar receiver bandwidth 9500 MHz 9200 MHz rai Sweep time 7 5 us ru 100 us Figure 2 8 Appearance of SART marks on the radar display Screen B When SART is close The length of a SART mark depends on the radar s receiver bandwidth and sensitivity For the bandwidth of 12 MHZ the length is 45 meters approximately and for the bandwidth of 3 MHz usually on the 6 mile range or larger 12 meters approximately How to show SART marks on the display Detune the radar receiver manua
15. initial fast sweep of the SART so that the double dots will appear The range delay of the first dot should be no more than 150 meters beyond the SART position Radar bandwidth This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength Narrow bandwidths of 3 5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10 25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will at tenuate the SART signal slightly so it is prefer able to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART The Radar Op erating Manual should be consulted about the par ticular radar parameters and bandwidth selection 4 Radar side lobes As the SART is approached side lobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric ring These can be re moved by the use of the anti clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as these will confirm that the SART is near to the ship 5 Detuning the radar To increase the visibility of the SART in clutter conditions the radar may be detuned to reduce the clutter without reducing the SART response Radar with automatic frequency control may not permit manual detune of the equipment Care should be taken in operating the radar detuned as other wanted navigational and anti collision in formation may be removed
16. is a measure of the capability of a radar to display as separate pips the echoes re ceived from two targets which are on the same bearing and are close together The main factor which affects range resolution is pulselength Two targets on the same bearing close together cannot be seen as two distinct ech oes on the display unless they are separated by a distance greater than one half the pulselength Radar is able to display two distinct target echoes radar Ger X Target F Tle F F 9 Transmitted radar Target pulse Te W Radar cannot display targets as separate echoes because they are within the pulselength Transmitted Figure 2 2 Range resolution 2 3 Bearing Resolution Bearing resolution is a measure of the capability of a radar to display as separate targets the echoes re ceived from two targets which are at the same range and are close together The principal factor which affects bearing reso lution is horizontal beamwidth Two targets at the same range must be separated by more than one beamwidth to appear as separate pips Radar is able to display two distinct target echoes Target Horizontal beamwidth _ CO Direction of scanner rotation Target Horizontal beamwidth Direction of scanner rotation Radar cannot display targets as separateechoes because they are within the beamwidth Figure 2 3 Bearing resolution 2 4 False Echoes Indirect echoes Indir
17. m X band 25 kW XN3A 6 5 0 6 m 3 25 m 23 8 Wim XN4A 8 20 6 W m Note If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house your adminis tration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna revolution This is pos sible Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide this feature UK DRA measured on FR 2810 2820 Other values by FURUNO A WARNING Turn off the power at the mains switchboard if metallic object or liquid falls into the equipment Continued use can result in electrical shock or fire Use the correct fuse Use of the wrong fuse can cause fire or electrical shock Ensure no water splash or rain leaks into the equipment Water in the equipment can result in fire or electrical shock Turn off the power at the mains switchboard if the unit is emitting smoke or fire Continued use can result in fire or electrical shock Do not place liquid filled containers on the top of the equipment Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid leaks into the equipment Keep heaters away from the equipment Heat can melt the power cord which can result in fire or electrical shock CAUTION Immediately turn off the power when ever you feel the equipment is abnormal Continued use can cause equipment damage Keep magnets and magnetic fields Speaker transformer etc way from the equipment Magnets and magnetic fields can
18. targets as stable echoes 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key a Echo average OFF b Echo average 1 Figure 1 26 Echo average A WARNING Do not use the Echo Average feature under heavy pitching or rolling loss of true targets may result Echo averaging uses scan to scan signal correla tion technique based on the true motion over the ground of each target Thus small stationary tar gets such as buoys will be shown while suppress ing random echoes such as sea clutter True echo average is not however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground The echo average feature is inoperable when a heading signal is not available If you wish to use this feature without a heading signal system ini tialization is required Consult a FURUNO rep resentative or dealer Note Echo averaging also requires ship s speed information from a log or manual entry 1 24 1 31 Suppressing Second Trace Echoes In certain situations echoes from very distant targets may appear as false echoes second track echoes on the screen This occurs when the re turn echo is received one transmission cycle later namely after a next radar pulse has been trans mitted To suppress them turn on 2ND ECHO on the ECHO SIG menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the ECHO SIG menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select 2ND ECHO and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select ON 6 Pre
19. 2 V FR 8051 8111 24 V 32 VDC or 100 V 110 V 115 V 220 V 230 VAC 50 60 Hz 19 rectifier required FR 8051 75 W FR 8111 90 W FR 8251 130W Input IEC 1162 GP LC or any talker BWC DTP GLL GLC HDG MDA RMA RMB RMC VTG DBK DBS DBT GTD HDM HDT MTW BWR VHW ZDA AD 100 format heading data Output IEC 1162 TLL RSD and TTM w ARP EC 1162 is equivalent to NMEAO183 V2 0 Antenna unit Munsell N9 5 white Display unit housing 2 5GY5 1 5 light gray Panel N3 0 black Standard compass Steering compass Display unit RDP 112 1 3m 1 0m Antenna unit C2P7N2N 6 kW 3 4m 22m C2P7N2N 10 kW 3 8 m 2 4m RSB 0014 25 kW 4 3m 2 5 m xi EQUIPMENT LISTS Standard Set No Name Type Qty Remarks Scanner unit FR 8051 C2P7N2N RSB 0063 24 rpm 36 rpm optional RF unit RTR 0043 Scanner unit FR 8111 C2P7N2N RSB 0063 24 rpm 36 rpm optional RF unit RTR 0044 Scanner unit FR 8251 RSB 0014 RSB 0064 24 rpm 36 rpm optional RF unit RTR 0045 2 Display unit RDP 112 1 A FR 8051 B FR 8111 C FR 8251 Accessories FP03 05310 1 set Viewing hood and filter 4 Display unit CP03 15101 1 set For display unit installation materials 5 Scanner unit CP03 14401 set For antenna unit installation materials 6 Signal cable S 03 53 1 set T 15 m 20 25 30m optional ML connector assy CP03 14202 For high volta
20. 23nm COURSE 216 1 34 39 46N TTG 35 2 NAV Data DATE APR 08 20 31 135 23 08E DEPTH 265 2m 99 99 GPS TTG 12 35 TEMP 23 5 C J o TRUEVECTOR BRG 332 7 T COURSE198 5 T 30MIN RNG 12 5nm SPEED 92 8kt PLOT Data TIME 01 28 CPA 8 89nm TCPA 05 11 Figure 1 3 Display indications lower part 1 1 Turning the Radar On Off A DANGER Before turning on the radar make sure no one is near the antenna unit Serious injury or death can result if a rotating antenna strikes someone standing nearby Turning on the radar Press the POWER key The control panel lights and a timer displays the time remaining for warm up of the magnetron counting down from 3 00 to 0 00 Turning off the radar Press POWER and ST BY TX keys together 1 2 Transmitting Stand by Transmitting After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up ST BY Stand By appears at the screen center indicating the radar is ready to transmit radar pulses In stand by the radar is available for use at any time Press the ST BY TX key to transmit The radar displays echoes in eight intensities according to echo strength Stand by When you won t be using the radar for an ex tended period but you want to keep it in a state of readiness place it in stand by by pressing the ST BY TX key The display shows ST BY 1 3 Selecting Range The range selected automatically determines the range ring interval the number of range rings and pulse re
21. AIN Adjusts receiver sensitivity Press to erase heading marker enable manual tuning of the receiver A C SEA Suppresses sea clutter Press for AUTO Anti clutter Sea and Rain A C RAIN Suppresses rain clutter Press to inscribe a reference mark BRILL Adjusts display brilliance Press to turn range rings on off and adjust their brilliance Selects radar range Sets cancels guard alarm zone silences guard zone alarm Target trails ON OFF Each press processes offset EBL linked with cursor fixed OFF Selects EBL to activate Selects VRM to activate Opens closes menu Clears wrong data deletes plot symbols and marks TRACKBALL Shifts cursor and No 1 EBL origin Display Indications Auto clutter suppression readout of active EBL Heading gyro or magnetic Range Range ring interval ZOOM or SHIFT Pulselength Presentation mode 0 05 ZOOM Heading marker Weed e Guard zone area No 1 EBL No 1 VRM ND SOWA AN Function in use F3 Long range Echo Stretch No 1 EBL bearing 345 6 R 23 0 R 29 59 is circumscribed No 2 EBL bearing Watch alarm elapsed time Speed MANUAL LOG or NAV HDG 123 4 SPEED MANUAL 30 0kt 0 25 NM NU w wem eS a ty Cursor bearing vu Peni 1 uc A1 MERITO Ep TRU TRAIL AUTO 00 45 30M ous GUARD2 1 Sga IN GUARD1 H H NN H Cursor range
22. ATION OF FR 8051 8111 8251 Performance Monitor Antenna Unit PM 30 optional d d i Switch Box g Re S 15 m standard e Display Unit 115 230 VAC ED IEC 1162 In Out Remote Display G S IEG ee n d Video Plotter FMD 8010 Video So nder esseseeeseeemeneeee Video Plotter RP 15 i Log Rer EEN i t ____ QD 500 FluxgateHeading Sensor C 2000 l quais er ME aM rn ee Seck r bcd External Alarm TEX Gyro Converter i i IT Fi Buzzer OP03 21 SR AD 100 ie eee ae eee see BEE i Rectifier Equivalent to NMEA0183 mo i radiis md RU 1746B 2 12 V 24 32 VDC for FR 8051 8111 l aoaaa Ge 24 32 VDC for FR 8251 15m dep Option 12 24 32 VDC 115 230 VAC SPECIFICATIONS Antenna Unit Type Slotted waveguide array Polarization Horizontal Length 4 ft XN2 6 5 ft XN3 6 5 ft XN3A 8 ft XN4A Beamwidth 15x25 1 2x25 1 23 x 20 0 9 x 20 Rotation speed 24 rpm 36 rpm optional Transceiver Module Frequency 9410 MHz 30 MHz X band Peak output power FR 8051 6 kW FR 8111 10 kW FR 8251 25 kW Transmitting tube FR 8051 MAF1422B FR 8111 MAF1425B FR 8251 9M752 or M5187F Pulselength PL amp Pulse Repetition Rate PRR miles PL PRR 0 125 0 25 0 5 0 75 o 6 12 24 48 72 96 SP 2100Hz 0 08 microseconds
23. C CO LTD Manufacturer 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Address declare under our sole responsibility that the product X band radar Type FR 8111 mm ES ER EEN E ab EE EE EE EE EE EE E ENER ERR Nl bb bm e Model name serial number is in conformity with the essential requirements as described in the Directive 1999 5 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment R amp TTE Directive and satisfies all of the following rules technical standards and recommendations applicable to the product EN 60945 1997 01 IEC 60945 Third edition 1996 11 IEC 60936 1 Amendment 1 Annex D 2002 06 ITU R R Appendix S3 Table 2 ITU R M 1177 3 2003 06 ITU R SM 1539 2002 11 ITU R SM 1541 2002 11 ITU R SM 329 9 2003 02 title and or number and date of issue of the standard s or other normative document s For assessment see e Statement of Opinion N 00214150 AA 01 of 10 February 2004 issued by Telefication The Netherlands Test report 96308100 of 24 May 1996 prepared by Telefication The Netherlands Test reports TI 1502 of 18 December 1995 and TI 1514 of 27 December 1995 prepared b y Furuno Electric Co Ltd Test report K03 17 195 of 5 January 2004 prepared by Furuno Electric Co Ltd On behalf of Furuno Electric Co Ltd Hiroaki Komatsu Nishino
24. ENTER SELECT key 4 Select TIME ALM and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select time interval or OFF 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 30 Echo Average The echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter and other random noise Echoes re ceived from stable targets such as ships if not moving at high speeds appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna On the other hand unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter this radar performs scan to scan correlation Cor relation is made by storing and averaging echo signals over successive picture frames If an echo is solid and stable it is shown in its normal in tensity Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans and reduced in brightness This makes it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clut ter To properly use the echo average feature first properly suppress sea clutter with the A C SEA control and then select echo average function as follows How to turn on echo averaging 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the ECHO SIG menu 1 23 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select ECHO AVG and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select 1 2 or 3 1 Distinguishes targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance of unstable echoes 2 Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys 3 Displays distant
25. FR 8051 Model name serial number is in conformity with the essential requirements as described in the Directive 1999 5 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment R amp TTE Directive and satisfies all of the following rules technical standards and recommendations applicable to the product EN 60945 1997 01 IEC 60945 Third edition 1996 11 IEC 60936 1 Amendment 1 Annex D 2002 06 ITU R R Appendix S3 Table 2 TU R M 1177 3 2003 06 ITU R SM 1539 2002 11 ITU R SM 1541 2002 11 ITU R SM 329 9 title and or number and date of issue of the standard s or other normative document s For assessment see Statement of Opinion N 00214149 AA 01 of 10 February 2004 issued by Telefication The Netherlands Test report 96308100 of 24 May 1996 prepared by Telefication The Netherlands Test reports TI 1502 of 18 December 1996 and TI 1500 of 27 December 1996 prepared b y Furuno Electric Co Ltd Test report K03 17 196 of 5 January 2004 prepared by Furuno Electric Co Ltd On behalf of Furuno Electric Co Ltd Hiroaki Komatsu Nishinomiya City Japan Manager February 17 2005 International Rules and Regulations FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD E uJ NES EB P 1 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Tel 81 798 65 2111 Fax 81 798 65 4200 Pub NO DOC 771 Declaration of Conformity C 0560 We FURUNO ELECTRI
26. It is mainly dependent on the pulselength antenna height and signal processing such as main bang suppression and digital quantization It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture The IMO Resolution A 477 XID and IEC 936 require the minimum range to be less than 50 m All FURUNO radars satisfy this requirement Maximum range The maximum detecting range of the radar Rmax varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the water line the height of the target above the sea the size shape and material of the target and the at mospheric conditions Under normal atmospheric conditions the maxi mum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter The radar horizon is longer than the opti cal one by about 646 because of the diffraction property of the radar signal The Rmax is given in the following equation Rmax 2 2 X Dh Yh2 Rmax radar horizon nautical miles hl antenna height m h2 target height m where Radar horizon Optical horizon For example if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the tar get is 16 meters the maximum radar range is Rmac 2 2 x 9 16 22 2 x 3 4 15 4 nm 2 6 Locating a Ship or Survival Craft in Distress by SART SART background The SART is required on vessels of 300 GT and above by the 1974 SOLAS Convention as
27. K PUSH con trol is pressed an asterisk appears at the cur sor location You can inscribe 20 marks on the display to denote important locations such as wrecks and fishing grounds or mark radar tar gets when changing the range When the memory for marks becomes full the eldest mark is erased to make room for the latest Inscribing marks Place the cursor on the location desired for a mark and press the MARK PUSH control 1 16 Erasing marks Erasing individual marks Place the cursor on the mark to erase and press the CLEAR DELETE key Erasing all marks 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the MARK amp DATA menu and press the ENTER SELECT key 3 Select MK ERASE 4 Press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Press the MENU key Mark bearing reference You can display a mark with a relative bearing to own ship relative or with reference to the north True 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the MARK amp DATA menu and press the ENTER SELECT key 3 Select MODE and press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select REL or TRUE 5 Press the ENTER SELECT key 6 Press the MENU key 1 22 The FUNCTION key The FUNCTION key works similar to the auto matic dialing feature on a telephone playing back controls settings just as they were registered In stead of manually adjusting controls to set up for navigation in a harbor for example you can have the FUNCTION key do it for you Presetting the FUNCTION key Eight
28. KCN LR UUULRSUUJ LR COD OPERATOR S MANUAL MARINE RADAR MopEL FR 8051 8111 8251 H FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD NISHINOMIYA JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD 9 52 Ashihara cho Nishinomiya 662 8580 JAPAN Telephone 0798 65 2111 Fax 0798 65 4200 Pub No OME 34240 AKMU FR 8051 8111 8251 Elemental Chlorine Free The paper used in this manual is elemental chlorine free FURUNO Authorized Distributor Dealer FIRST EDITION NOV 1995 G3 MAY 07 2005 00080735211 OME34240G30 SAFETY INFORMATION DANGER WARNING and CAUTION notices appear throughout this manual It is the responsibility of the operator of the equipment to read understand and follow these notices If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions please contact a FURUNO agent or dealer This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or serious injury This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not WA H N N G avoided could result in death or serious injury This notice indicates an unsafe practice which if not avoided CA U TI O N could result in minor or moderate injury or property damage A DANGER This equipment uses high voltage electricity which can shock burn or cause death Only qualified personnel should work inside the enclosures Do not diassemble or modify the eq
29. M 15M 30M CONT MODE REL TRUE TONE SGL MULT AREA NO GUARD1 GUARD2 MODE IN OUT IN mode only on N type radar no menu selection PLOT SYMBOL A A LJ B O 8 selection of plotting symbol ERASE erase all plotting symbols VEC REF REL TRUE VEC TIME 308 1M 3M 6M 15M 30M TRACK OFF ON MARK amp DATA MK ERASE erase all fixed marks MK MODE REL TRUE DSP DATA OFF PLOT NAV ALL FUNC FUNC SEL S1 S2 S amp M L ES L AC ES B1 B2 ECHO AVG OFF 1 2 3 INTRF OFF 1 2 3 STRETCH OFF 1 2 0 75 1 5NM SP M1P A C AUTO OFF ON 3NM SP M1P M2P N REJ OFF ON Jl 6NM M1P M2P LP P L SET 12 24NM M2P LP ECHO AVG OFF 1 2 3 INTRF OFF 1 2 3 STRETCH OFF 1 2 N REJ OFF ON 2ND ECHO OFF ON P L SET 1 0 75 1 5NM SP M1P Preset pulselength for T 0 75 1 5 3 6 12 24NM 3NM SP M1P M2P ECHO SIG P L SEL P L1 P L2 P L SET 2 6NM M1P M2P LP 12 24NM M2P LP TIME ALM BRILL INITIAL TIME ALM OFF 3M 6M 12M 15M 20M TIME ALM OUT OFF ON GUARD OUT OFF ON Turn on off external ARPA ALM OUT OFF ON output of alarms PLOT ALM OUT OFF ON PANEL TRAIL CHAR HDG MARK VRM EBL CURSOR PLOT OS MARK Not available on N type radar no menu selection TUNE SET AUTO MANU a SPD MODE MAN LOG NAV MAN SPD 00 0kt INDEX 2PCS 6PCS STERN MK OFF ON Not ava
30. The tuning should be returned to normal operation as soon as possible 6 Gain For maximum range SART detection the normal maximum gain should be used 2 Anti clutter sea control For optimum range SART detection this control should be set to the minimum Care should be exercised as target in sea clutter may be obscured Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter sea control facilities in which cases the operator should switch to manual Anti clutter rain control This should not be used when trying to detect SARTs as the SART responses may be removed by this control Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual This information was created by CIRM and re viewed at NAV 39 and circulated as ANNEX 8 NAV 39 WP 2 Add 1 This page is intentionally left blank Chapter 3 MAINTENANCE Danger Electrical Shock Hazard This equipment contains high voltages which can endanger human life at several internal circuits including a cathode ray tube CRT which uses several thousands volts Any internal adjustment servicing and repair shall only be performed b qualified service personnel totally familiar with electrical circuits and servicing of the equipment A residual charge remains in capacitors and other devices several minutes after turning off the power It is therefore essential to wait at least 3 min utes to allow residual charge to subsid
31. and a hard hat when working on the antenna unit Always make sure that the radar is POWERED OFF and the Antenna Switch in the display unit is OFF before working on the antenna unit Also take all steps to ensure that the radar will not be accidentally operated by someone else to prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazards 4 1 Simple Troubleshooting This paragraph describes how to cure operational problems by observing the radar picture and using operator controls and touchpad keys without opening the display unit antenna unit or other equipment units The table below shows user level troubleshooting procedures Problem Remedy No own ship mark On the R type radar check that SHP GRPH ON is selected at the INITAL menu referrring to paragraph 1 24 The own ship mark is not available on the N type radar 4 1 4 2 Advanced level Troubleshooting This paragraph describes how to cure hardware and software troubles which should be carried out by qualified service personnel Note This radar equipment contains complex modules in which fault diagnosis and repair down to component level are not practicable by users Serviceman qualification All adjustments of radio transmitter during or coinciding with the installation servicing or maintenance which may affect the proper opera tion must be performed by or under the immedi ate supervision and responsibi
32. are prop erly recognized 4 To display a test pattern press the ENTER SE LECT key You can return to the main diagnos tic test screen by pressing the ENTER SELECT key again Figure 4 2 Diagnostic test test pattern 5 To return to the normal radar display press the MENU key This page is intentionally left blank Chapter 5 LOCATIONOF parts AN eldi This equipment uses high voltage electricity which can shock burn or cause 5 1 Antenna Unit death Only qualified personnel should work inside the enclosures n A E D D i ben SE WS jii th BEARING SIGNAL GENERATOR Board MP 3795 Been Reed switch Antenna motor 24 rpm D8G 516 36 rpm D8G 570 N photo No 639 AE Figure 5 1 Antenna unit all models cover opened 5 2 RF Transceiver Unit F Amplifier Limiter S LXSB or RU 9099 MIC RU 5072 or RU 9253 Circulator Ru 3686 S eee MODULATOR TRIGGER Board RFC 9163 N photo No 3190 Figure 5 2 RF transceiver unit FR 8251 r Magnetron M5187F or Pulse Transformer 9M752 RT 4037 N photo No 3191 MODULATOR Board MD 5145 Figure 5 3 RF transceiver unit FR 8251 bottom view cover removed N photo No 3195 IF Amplifier Limiter S LX20 Circulator RU 3686 MIC RU 8014S or RU 9254 N photo No 3194 MODULATOR Board MD 9162 Magnetron FR 8051 MAF1422B FR 8111 MAF1425B ulse Tra
33. asuring the EE 1 12 Lachen Beann seeren E E E A E E ERT 1 13 1 16 Collision Assessment by the Offset EBL iicet tene EES 1 14 1 17 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets eere reete rene tne 1 14 LAE Tis EE 1 15 1 39 Or oengerine the PICS Goerend Edge 1 15 Ee 1 16 1 21 Inscribing Marks on the Display s c50xciesinievcecieviecsenrveinreerdeiaxteorsn Eegen 1 16 k22 ihe FUNCTION Key cect tee a Pda ERE PEL dU e E 1 16 1 23 Own SHP scc eege 1 17 e EE eege 1 18 1 25 Eeer geed ege 1 18 L20 Echo E 1 18 1 27 Electronic Elton n a E E E TER REE 1 20 125 Set ng a Guard Alarm ZONE ecurine rrien e eei Mes Fix Porra Eee s Urban E Eai aie 1 22 IR CH WAN E a E E A EE OEN E 1 23 bO Echo EE 1 23 1 31 S ppressing SeCOnG Trace BCBOOS 2o metere pitis epa ta Seb Ere i uen rol re E EUN EE 1 24 1 32 Echo an E E 1 25 1 33 Noise NAE ELDER n 1 25 BoA Selects Pulse len E 1 25 E25 WO eegene 1 26 vi 1 36 Outputing Cursor Position TLL data eegen 1 26 1 37 Selecting Unit of Range Measurement Bearing Reference sese 1 27 1 38 Sector Blankin S EE 1 27 1 39 Alarm Output Signal On Off 2 2 sos iiei bI Gn Ar EE tee eeu D E 1 27 Chapter 2 RADAR OBSERVATION 2 1 Radar Picture Target Properties and Radar Pulse eese 2 22 Range PRES e EE 2 1 2 3 Bearing RESOlUUON EE EE E 2 2 24 ege Ee 2 2 2 5 Minimum and Maximum Ranges e een eta EE 2 3 2 6 Locating a Ship or Survival Craft in Distress by SART
34. cause equipment malfunction COMPLIANCE WITH R amp TTE DIRECTIVE 1999 5 EC This radar complies with the R amp TTE Directive 1999 5 EC In accordance with Article 6 3 of this directive FURUNO intends to put this radar on the market of the following countries in EU as well other markets Austria Belgium Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Portugal Slovenia Spain Sweden The Netherlands United Kingdom Iceland Norway TABLE OF CONTENTS SAFETY INFORMATION RE i FOREWORD imme datos ancelsecenetanacey saneraluagasmesesaeamiautaasnlvateweds r E e EEr Era IE ESENE EEI Er EEE ee viii CONFIGURATION OF FR 8051 8111 825 EEN ix ius NEE X SES eege xii AEE GOR Ee OND ye Eeer xiv Chapter 1 OPERATION Com o Descriptio ee 1 1 Display Indications saco sarcusicantanussinsaasetudeustteiiescespiecenous erates sseaulo Mask GU DLE RUD n a E a er 1 2 IJ Turne the Radar Oi ONT E 4 12 EE EE 1 4 1 3 eG CL EE 1 4 FA Presentation Eege 1 5 EE tee 1 7 Lo Tomine EN 1 10 Kee SMS IE VILY soceseadigernnstis ions E ERE Cod entwined ete aetna esa riw ineat 1 10 tege Picture ergeet 1 10 1 9 Adjusting Brilliance of Control Panel and Markers visscscecasscenscanveansssacanssanstoveserasaneransiorstanstanes 1 11 1 10 Adjusting Range Ring Brilliante eegene 1 11 1 1 Supptesung E 1 11 1 12 uppressing Kart Sege 1 12 1 13 The Heading aud North Markers been Eugene EE 1 12 UD l4M
35. ct magnetron and feeder system RECEIVER 3 db loss Receiver has lost half of normal sensitivity Suspect receiver front end water leakage in feeder system etc A 2 Auto Plotter ARP 15 The Auto Plotter ARP 15 is an optional circuit board which is accommodated in the display unit of the radar The Auto Plotter can acquire radar targets manu ally and tracks them An internal microprocessor calculates target data such as speeds and courses and this information is displayed in alphanumer ics and by vectors A 3 Video Plotter RP 15 The Video Plotter RP 15 is optional circuit board which is accommodated in the display unit of the radar With the RP 15 you can enter navigation lines or reference lines with as many segments and ver texes as required maximum 25 lines and 30 ver texes per line An optional memory card enables you to display a digital chart on the radar screen either along or superimposed on the radar picture A 4 Fluxgate Heading Sensor C 2000 The Fluxgate Heading Sensor C 2000 converts magnetic bearing to a bearing signal and outputs it to the radar in AD 100 format FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD E uJ ED uJ m Qo 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Tel 81 798 65 2111 Fax 81 798 65 4200 Pub NO DOC 770 Manufacturer 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Address declare under our sole responsibility that the product X band radar Type
36. de every 3 or 6 min utes as far as possible Target data Place the cursor on the plotted target and press the ENTER SELECT key Vector reference vec tor time vector time elapsed and selected target s bearing course speed CPA and TCPA appear at bottom of the display In the head up mode target bearing course and speed become true or relative depending on vec tor reference setting In north up course up and true motion the target data always shows true bearing true course and speed over the ground True or relative vector Target vectors can be displayed relative to own ship relative or with reference to the north True Current vector reference appears at the bottom of the display when the PLOT mode is active 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the PLOT menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select VEC REF and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select vector reference 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Vector time A vector extends from plotted targets to show projected position of target at elapse of vector time The vector is useful for evaluating risk of collision Current vector time appears at the bot tom of the display when the PLOT mode is ac tive 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the PLOT menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select VEC TIME and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select vector time 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Turning past po
37. e before accessing the inside of the equip ment Special care must be taken when approaching the following parts Power supply circuit Display unit CRT circuit Display unit Modulator circuit and magnetron Antenna unit Motor drive circuit Antenna unit When Working on the Antenna Unit Wear a safety belt and a hard hat when working on the antenna unit Always make sure that the radar is POWERED OFF and the Antenna Switch in the display unit is OFF before working on the antenna unit Also take all steps to ensure that the radar will not be accidentally operated by someone else to prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazards Periodic checks and maintenance are important for proper operation of any electronic systems This chapter contains maintenance instructions to be followed to obtain optimum performance and the longest possible life of the equipment 3 1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule Interval Check point Check measures Rerrarks Weekly Display unit Periodically clean the exterior of CRT screen produces static charge display unit using dry soft clean Use which would attract dust DO NOT of commercially available CRT cleaner use strong solvent like paint thinner spray having antistatic effect is or abrasive cleaners for cleaning reconrmmended Dust and dirt on CRT creates syrrptorrs similar to poor sensitivity 3t
38. e range scales Note 3 Suppress sea clutter and noise before activating echo stretch since the echo stretch cir cuit stretches not only target echoes but also sea clutter and noise Note 4 Echo stretch 2 is not available with the short pulse 1 33 Noise Rejection White noise can be suppressed by turning on N REJ on the ECHO SIG menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the ECHO SIG menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select N REJ and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Select ON 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 34 Selecting Pulselength Pulselength can be selected on the ranges between 0 75 and 24 nautical miles on the menu Pulselengths available are a short pulse two me dium pulses and a long pulse Presetting pulselength Two sets of pulselengths can be preset on the ECHO SIG menu P L SET 1 and P L SET 2 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the ECHO SIG menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select P L SET 1 or P L SET 2 and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Select pulselength and press the ENTER SE LECT key 6 Select P L SET 2 or P L SET 1 and press the ENTER SELECT key 1 25 7 Select pulselength and press the ENTER SE LECT key 8 Press the ENTER SELECT key 9 Press the MENU key Table 1 2 Default pulselength settings 7 Press the ENTER SELECT key 8 Press the MENU key Range 0 75 1 5 3 6 12 24 PL Set MIP MIP
39. ect echoes may be returned from either a passing ship or returned from a reflecting sur face on your own ship for example a stack In both cases the echo will return from a legitimate contact to the antenna by the same indirect path The echo will appear on the same bearing of the reflected surface but at the same range as the di rect echo Figure 2 4 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo Indirect echoes may be recognized as follows 1 they usually occur in a shadow sector 2 they appear on the bearing of the ob struction but at the range of the legitimate con tact 3 when plotted their movements are usually abnormal and 4 their shapes may indi cate they are not direct echoes Heading marker Target Direct path a x Indirect path Obstruction mast funnel etc L Scanner True Target 3 echo Indirect Indirect Direct echo path AN Heading marker True echo Bridge E d Z 4 gne ai A a m QU S ie E v Z Indirect al i Indirect echo echo Figure 2 4 Indirect echoes Multiple echoes Multiple echoes occur when a short range strong echo is received from a ship bridge or breakwa ter A second a third or more echoes may be ob served on the display at double triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown in Figure 2 5 Multiple echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the sensitivity or properly adj
40. elect the INITIAL menu and press the EN TER SELECT key 3 Select SPD MODE and press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select MANU 5 Press the ENTER SELECT key 6 Enter speed and press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 24 Ship s Graphic A graphic ena which depicts own ship can be displayed This function is not available on the N type radar 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the INITIAL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select SHP GRPH and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select ON or OFF 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 25 Interference Rejector Mutual radar interference may occur in the vi cinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band 9 GHz It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in ir regular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke like dotted lines extending from the cen ter to the edge of the picture This type of inter ference can be reduced by activating the interference rejector circuit The interference rejector circuit is a kind of sig nal correlation circuit It compares the received signals over successive transmissions and sup presses randomly occurring signals There are three levels of interference rejection depending 1 18 on the number of transmissions that are corre lated These are indicated by the legends IR1 IR2 and IR3 at the bottom right hand position of the screen To turn on o
41. ge line 7 Display unit spare parts SPO3 11901 1 set 8 Scanner unit spare parts SPO3 11102 1 set xii Optional Equipment No Name Type Code No Remarks 1 Signal cable S03 55 5 008 455 160 w XH 5P connector 5 m CO 2P cable 2 Interswitch unit RJ 2 000 030 062 3 Rectifier unit RU 1746B 2 000 030 439 115 VAC 000 030 440 230 VAC 4 Power cable CVV S 8 x 2C 15m 000 560 634 5 Color display CD 140 000 000 507 CD 141 000 000 508 6 Slave display FMD 8010 7 Remote display FMD 1800 8 Video plotter GD 500 500 Mark 2 9 External buzzer OP03 21 000 030 097 10 Vinyl cover 03 034 0401 000 801 657 11 Auto plotter ARP 15 12 Video plotter RP 15 13 EMI filter FP03 05500 008 456 990 14 Hood w lens OP03 120 000 030 097 15 Performance PM 30 monitor 16 Gyro converter AD 100 Spare Parts No Name Type Code No Qty Remarks Fuse FGBO 10 A 125 VAC 000 549 065 24 V 32 N 2 Fuse FGBO 20 A 125 VAC 000 549 015 12V 3 Carbon brush for MGI20 5X6X11 D8G 000 631 716 2 scanner motor xiii CATEGORIZATION BY SPECIFICATION This series of marine radars are designed to comply with the standards of various national rules and regulations Operational convenience is enhanced with the two categories as below although the basic design approach is the same Function R type N type Guard zone a
42. gin The num ber of rings is automatically determined by the selected range scale and their interval is displayed at the upper left position of the screen Press the RINGS PUSH control to show the range rings if they are not displayed Successive presses of the RINGS PUSH control gradually increase the brightness of the rings in four steps and a fifth press erases the rings Measuring range by the cursor Rotate the trackball to place the cursor on the in side edge of the target The range to the cursor appears at the bottom of the display Measuring range by VRM 1 Press the VRM ON key to enable a VRM Each pressing of the key enables the No 1 VRM or No 2 VRM alternately The active marker s readout is circumscribed vRM Loosnm No 1 VRM 12 5nm No 2 VRM Figure 1 11 Location of VRM readouts 2 Operate the VRM control to place the outside edge of the VRM on the inside edge of the target 3 Check the VRM readout at the bottom right corner of the display to find the range to the target vRM 59nm No 1 VRM range 4 0nm a No 2 VRM range Figure 1 12 How to measure range by VRM Erasing VRMs 1 If two VRMs are displayed press the VRM ON key to circumscribe the VRM readout of the VRM you want to keep active 2 Press the VRM OFF key The VRM readout and its associated VRM are erased Note You can select unit of range measurement for the cursor and VRM on the INITIAL menu For further deta
43. heir internal high voltage corrponernts residual charges before accessing them Terrrinal strips Check for loose connections Check sockets earth contacts and plugs for proper seating terminal etc 3 2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts Parts Type Life expectancy Rerrerks Antenna motor D8G 516 24 rom Gear more than 10 000 Wind load 100 knots D8G 570 36 rpm hours Magnetron MAF 1422B 6kW 2 000 3 000 hours MAF 1425B 10kW 9M752 M5187F 25KW 3 2 Chapter 4 TROUBLESHOOTING Danger Electrical Shock Hazard This equipment contains high voltages which can endanger human life at several internal circuits including a cathode ray tube CRT which uses several thousands volts Any internal adjustment servicing and repair shall only be performed by ualified service personnel totally familiar with electrical circuits and servicing of the equipment A residual charge remains in capacitors and other devices several minutes after turning off the power It is therefore essential to wait at least 3 min utes to allow residual charge to subside before accessing the inside of the equip ment Special care must be taken when approaching the following parts Power supply circuit Display unit and separate power supply units CRT circuit Display unit Modulator circuit and magnetron Antenna unit or separate transceiver unit Motor drive circuit Antenna unit When Working on the Antenna Unit Wear a safety belt
44. ilable on N type radar no menu selection SHP GRPH OFF ON Not available on N type radar no menu selection NAV DATA T AUTO TUNE PRESET NAV SEL OFF ALL GPS LC DR DEC i EXT WP OFF ON OS POSN L L TD TD Time Difference DEPTH m FA ft TEMP C F DATE OFF ON CRSR BRG REL TRUE CRSR RNG nm km sm VRM1 RNG nm km sm radar no menu selection VRM2 RNG nm km sm EBL1 BRG REL TRUE EBL2 BRG REL TRUE INSTALL for service technicians Not available on N type 1 6 Tuning the Receiver The receiver can be tuned automatically or manu ally The default factory setting is automatic tun ing Selecting tuning mode 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the INITIAL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key Note The above three steps can also be done by pressing and holding down the MENU key 4 Select TUNE SET and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select AUTO or MANUal 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Manual tuning 1 Select manual tuning by following selecting tuning mode 2 While pressing and holding down the HM OFF switch adjust the trackball to display the long est tuning indicator Tuning indicator MANUAL Figure 1 7 Display appearance when manual tuning is in effect Note The receiver may be detuned if your radar is hit by another radar in vicinity To retune in automatic tuning press the ST BY TX key twice 1 10
45. ils see 1 37 Selecting Unit of Range Measurement Bearing Reference This function is not available on the N type radar unit of range measurement is fixed for nautical miles 1 15 Measuring Bearing Measuring bearing by cursor Rotate the trackball to set the cursor intersection on the center of the target The bearing to the cur sor intersection appears at the bottom of the dis play Measuring bearing by EBL 1 Press the EBL ON key to enable an EBL Each pressing of the key enables the No 1 EBL or No 2 EBL alternately The active marker s readout is circumscribed 2 Operate the EBL control to bisect the target with the EBL 3 Check the EBL readout at the bottom left cor ner of the display No 1 Be EBL 43 Target No 1 EBL bearing Ten op No 2 No 2 EBL bearing g00R BL EBL Figure 1 13 How to measure bearing by EBL Note 1 You can display EBL bearing relative to own ship relative or with reference to the north True For further details see 1 38 Selecting Unit of Range Measurement Bearing Reference Bear ing reference cannot be selected on the N type radar it is fixed to relative bearing in the HU mode and true bearing in CU NU and TM modes Note 2 Suffix T denotes true bearing for gy rocompass input and suffix M denotes mag netic bearing magnetic compass input Erasing EBLs 1 If two EBLs are displayed press the EBL ON key to circumscribe the VRM readout of the VRM you
46. ion is not accessed Speed entry is incorrect TM display inaccurate RON 1 Try to press MODE key a little harder 2 Press MODE key until TM appears 3 Enter correct own ship speed referring to paragraph 1 23 4 Make sure that speed and compass inputs are accurate Target not tracked correctly 1 Poor definition of targets in sea clutter 1 Adjust A C SEA and A C RAIN controls referring to paragraphs 1 11 and 1 12 4 3 Diagnostic Test A diagnostic test is provided to enable testing of major circuit boards in the radar display unit Proceed as follows to execute the diagnostic test 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the INITIAL menu and press the EN TER SELECT key 3 Select TEST and press the ENTER SELECT key ROM 1 035909910x OK ROM 2 035910010x OK RAM 1 OK RAM 2 OK ON TIME 000001 2 TX TIME 000000 3 ANT ROT 20 5RPM TX TRIGGER 2065Hz VIDEO LEVEL 3 0V x Version level ARP 15 data appears if ARP 15 is provided CADO LIS LILILIDILILCIOOO oO O Figure 4 1 Diagnostic test screen The diagnostic test is executed and the screen shows test results Sample test results are shown in Figure 4 1 Small squares displayed to the right of the test results screen are for testing the controls and keys on the control panel As you operate the controls and keys corresponding squares are highlighted indicating your control key operations
47. kwise For opti mum target detection leaves speckles of the sur face return slightly visible Sea clutter at display center A C SEA control adjusted sea clutter suppressed Figure 1 9 The anti clutter sea facility is often referred to as STC Sensitivity Time Control which decreases the sensitivity of the receiver immediately after a radar pulse is transmitted and progressively in creases the sensitivity as the range increases If the control is set too low targets will be hidden in the clutter while if it is set too high both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the dis play In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward but a little is still vis ible windward 1 11 A common mistake is too over adjust the A C SEA control so that the surface clutter is com pletely removed By rotating the control fully clockwise you will see how dangerous this can be a dark zone will be created near the center of the screen causing a loss of close in targets This dark zone is even more dangerous if the gain has not been properly adjusted Always leave a little surface clutter visible on the screen If no clutter is observed on very calm waters set the control at the fully counterclockwise position 1 12 Suppressing Rain Clutter In adverse weather conditions clouds rain or snow produce a lot of spray like spurious echoes and impairs target detection over a long distance This situa
48. larm In or Out alarm In alarm only VRM cursor unit of nm km sm nm only readout EBL cursor bearing True relative selectable Head up relative readout in any mode CU NU TM true Own ship mark Available symbol or dot Not available dot only R type For fishing boats pleasure boats non Convention cargo ships N type For non Convention ships in the Netherlands and other countries where the radars must be approved based on IMO A 477 XIL although not wholly xiv Chapter 1 OPERATION Control Description Turns power on Press together to turn power off Toggles between stand by and transmit Presentation mode Sets up radar for required objective Silences aural alarms except guard alarm Short press Offcenter Long press Zoom in Each press processes index lines linked with EBL2 VRM2 fixed OFF Turns an EBL off Turns a VRM off Registers data on menu selects menu item Selects plotting symbol Rotates EBL selects items on menu HM OFF PUSH A C SEA A C AUTO PUSH A C RAIN MARK PUSH BRILL FUNCTION RINGS PUSH P CURSOR OFFSET Y ff 3 CLEAR DELETE J Adjusts VRM outputs cursor position TL L to external equipment selects items on menu Figure 1 1 Control description G
49. lity of a person holding an operator certificate containing a ship radar endorsement This is what the U S Codes of Federal Regula tions part 80 169 implies not exact extract As such every administration sets forth its own rule service personnel must be aware of this kind of competency requirements Problem cause Power turned on but radar does not operate at all Control panel is not Check point and probable Blown fuse F1351 Mains voltage polarity Power Supply Board Remedy Replace blown fuse Correct wirings and input voltage Replace defective LEDs CRT brilliance adjusted but no picture CRT voltage SPU Board 1 2 3 illuminated either 4 Illumination LEDs 1 INSTALL 3 menu setting 2 3 1 2 3 Replace Power Supply Board 4 1 Select MAIN for main radar For further details consult a FURUNO agent or dealer 2 Check high voltage supply with utmost care 3 Replace SPU Board motor Antenna not rotating 1 Power supply line of antenna 1 Check connection and continuity of signal cable Alphanumeric data and SPU Board marks are not displayed in Transmit status 1 Replace SPU Board Problem Check point and probable Remedy cause Adjust GAIN control 1 IF amplifier 1 Replace IF amplifier with A C SEA control set at minimum Marks and legends appear but no noise or echo 2 Signal cable between antenna and display 3 Vide
50. lly by turning the TUNE control out of best tuning condition This erases or weakens all normal radar echoes but the SART marks are not erased because the SART response signal scans over all frequencies in the 9 GHz band When the radar approaches the SART in operation the SART marks will en large to large arcs blurring a large part of the screen Reduce the sensitivity and adjust the sea clutter control of the radar Summary to detect SART responses 1 Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0 6 nm 1125 m to distinguish the SART 2 Turn off the automatic clutter suppression 3 Turn off the Interference Rejector 4 Turn off the Echo Average General remarks On receiving SART D Radar range scale When looking for a SART it is preferable to use a range scale between 6 and 12 nautical miles This is because the spacing between the SART responses is about 0 6 nautical miles 1125 m and it is necessary to see a number of responses to distinguish the SART from other responses SART range errors There are inherent delays in the SART responses as the SART has a trigger delay and may also have to sweep through the whole radar band be fore reaching the frequency of the search radar At medium ranges of about 6 nautical miles the range delay may be between about 150 meters and 0 6 nautical mile beyond the SART position As the SART is approached the radar will nor mally detect the
51. ment in everyday operation Basic menu operation 1 Press the MENU key to display the MAIN menu I I I I N H J I Sd FUNC3 FUNCTION Ne I J I I I I ECHO O SIG A C AUTO PLOT PLOT SYMBOL INITIAL You can select a menu by using the cur sor or in most cases pressing appropriate key on the control panel To select the PLOT menu for example select PLOT and press the ENTER SELECT key or press the PLOT SYMBOL key Cursor circumscribes current selection Figure 1 5 MAIN menu 2 Operate the VRM or EBL control to select a menu with the cursor and press the ENTER SELECT key You can also select menus by pressing key or control shown on the MAIN menu In this case you need not press the EN TER SELECT key For example select the TRAIL menu l l 30S Options 1M of menu l eu selected 15M appear 30M here l l l l l l Current setting Figure 1 6 TRAIL menu 3 Select option in far right hand column by operating the VRM or EBL control 4 Press the ENTER SELECT key to register se lection 5 Press the MENU key to close the menu Changing pages on the INITIAL menu The initial menu has two pages INITIAL and INITIAL2 You can switch between them as fol lows Previous page Place the cursor on T and press the ENTER SELECT key Next page Place the cursor on J and press the ENTER SELECT key Menu tree TIME 15S 30S 1M 3M 6
52. miya City Japan Manager February 17 2005 International Rules and Regulations FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD E 8 NES UJ Re O 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Tel 81 798 65 2111 Fax 81 798 65 4200 Pub NO DOC 772 Manufacturer 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Address declare under our sole responsibility that the product X band radar Type FR 8251 Model name serial number is in conformity with the essential requirements as described in the Directive 1999 5 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment R amp TTE Directive and satisfies all of the following rules technical standards and recommendations applicable to the product EN 60945 1997 01 IEC 60945 Third edition 1996 11 IEC 60936 1 Amendment 1 Annex D 2002 06 ITU R R Appendix S3 Table 2 ITU R M 1177 3 2003 06 ITU R SM 1539 2002 11 ITU R SM 1541 2002 11 ITU R SM 329 9 2003 02 title and or number and date of issue of the standard s or other normative document s For assessment see Statement of Opinion N 00214151 AA 01 of 3 February 2004 issued by Telefication The Netherlands l Test report 96326100 of 24 May 1996 prepared by Telefication The Netherlands Test reports TI 1501 of 18 December 1995 and TI 1515 of 27 December 1995 prepared b y Furuno Electric Co Ltd Test report K03 17 192 of 5 Ja
53. n radiator surface Remove water from the feeder line Disable the second trace rejector referring to paragraph 1 31 Range changed but no radar picture change 1 Defective RANGE key 2 SPU Board 3 Video lockup Try to hit and RANGE keys several times If unsuccessful replacement of keypad may be required Replace SPU Board Turn off and on radar Problem Check point and probable cause Remedy ineffective Neither ES1 nor ES2 is displayed Interference rejector 1 SPU Board 1 Replace SPU Board inoperable interference rejection level not displayed Echo Stretch 1 SPU Board 1 Replace SPU Board Only 2 parallel index lines 6 lines wanted 1 Incorrect setting of index line interval 1 Set index line interval referring to paragraph 1 18 Range rings are not displayed 1 Press RINGS PUSH control to see if intensity is increased 2 Bad contact of control 3 SPU Board 1 Replace associated circuit board if unsuccessful 2 Replace control 3 Replace SPU Board Key beep inaudible 1 SPU Board 1 Replace SPU Board Poor discrimination at range 1 Sea clutter control not functioning properly 1 Improper setting of A C SEA effect is seen only at very close range Suspect inaccurate frequency of crystal oscillator True Motion presentation not working correctly Poor contact of MODE key Select
54. nd cursor and bearing reference for the EBLs 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the INITIAL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select appropriate menu and press the ENTER SELECT key CRSR BRG REL TRUE CRSR RNG nm km sm VRMI RNG nm km sm VRM2 RNG nm km sm EBL1 BRG REL TRUE EBL2 BRG REL TRUE 5 Select option desired and press the ENTER SELECT key 6 Press the MENU key 1 38 Sector Blanking Administrations may require the radar to stop transmitting toward the bridge when it is installed on the foremast Two blanking areas can be set at installation No echoes appear in the blanking areas L Area of no transmission no echoes appear Figure 1 29 Blank areas where transmission is suspended 1 39 Alarm Output Signal On Off With connection of an external buzzer option aural alarm signal can be output 1 Select the TIME ALM menu 2 Select alarm type and press the ENTER SE LECT key TIME ALM OUT Watch alarm signal GUARD OUT Guard alarm signal ARPA ALM OUT CPA TCPA alarm on ARP 15 PLOT ALM OUT Alarms on RP 15 3 Select ON or OFF 4 Press the MENU key 1 27 This page is intentionally left blank Chapter 2 RADAR OBSERVATION 2 1 Radar Picture Target Properties and Radar Pulse Strength of reflection The strength of the reflected echo depends not only on the height and size of the target but also its shape material and the angle at which the radio pul
55. nsformer RT 4427 1 Figure 5 5 RF transceiver unit FR 8051 8111 bottom view cover removed 5 3 Display Unit common to all models CAL MR ML MEN SPU Board 03P9159 P N photo No 3224 Figure 5 6 Display unit top view Power section CRT Assy 1 2 PTU 9149 JM 12FU N photo No 3225 CRT Assy 2 2 JM 12FU Figure 5 7 Display unit top view From left H HOLD VR202 H POSITION VR201 V SIZE VR402 V LINEARITY VR403 V HOLD VR401 From top SUB BRIGHTNESS VR205 BRIGHTNESS VR204 CONTRAST VR101 TX HV Board HV 9017 FOCUS VR203 N photo No 3227 A WARNING H SIZE L204 High voltage is present at the potentiometers for adjustment Figure 5 8 Display unit right side view of the picture Use a screwdriver having a non metallic shank to adjust those potentiometers Power section PTU 9149 N photo No 3226 Figure 5 9 Display unit left side view This page is intentionally left blank Appendix A DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT This appendix provides a brief description of op tional equipment which can be connected to the FR 8051 8111 8251 For more detailed informa tion see the respective operator s manual A 1 Performance Monitor A performance monitor is required for a radar in stalled on vessels of 300 GT and upward engaged in international voyages For X band radars the FURUNO PM 30 satisfies the requirement cov ering 9410
56. nuary 2004 prepared by Furuno Electric Co Ltd On behalf of Furuno Electric Co Ltd Hiroaki Komatsu Nishinomiya City Japan Manager February 17 2005 International Rules and Regulations
57. o Amplifier Circuit 2 Check continuity and isolation of coaxial cable Note Disconnect the plug and lugs at both ends of coaxial cable before checking it by ohmmeter Check video coax line for secure connection If connection is good replace SPU Board Marks legends and noise appear but no echo Transmission leak representing own ship position is absent Magnetron Modulator Board Modulator SCR SPU Board AUN 2 3 Check magnetron current Replace magnetron Replace Modulator Board Replace SCR DANGER High Voltage 4 Replace SPU Board Picture not updated 1 Bearing Signal Generator 1 Check the connection of signal cable Board antenna unit 2 Replace SPU Board 2 SPU Board 3 Turn off and on radar 3 Video lockup Incorrect orientation of 1 SPU Board 1 The HDG readout shows xxx x when picture 2 Gyro Interface heading signal is not received Replace gyro interface TUNE control adjusted but poor sensitivity Deteriorated magnetron Detuned MIC Dirt on radiator face Water ingress to the waveguide or other feeder line AUN 5 Second trace rejection is ON 1 With radar transmitting on 48 mm A Uw range check magnetron current If current is below normal value magnetron may be defective Replace magnetron Check MIC detecting current If it is below normal value MIC may have become detuned MIC must be tuned Clea
58. o start the echo trail function REL or TRU TRAIL the echo trail time selected on the TRAIL menu and elapsed time appear at the top right hand corner of the display Then afterglow starts extending from all targets Canceling echo trail Press the ECHO TRAIL key to erase echo trails and echo trail indications Trail time Trail time can be selected on the TRAIL menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the TRAIL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select TIME and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Select trail time among 15 seconds 30 sec onds 1 3 6 15 30 min or continuous 99 minutes 59 seconds 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Trail reference Echo trails can be displayed relative to own ship relative or with reference to north true 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the TRAIL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select MODE and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Select trail reference true or relative 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Trail gradation Echo trails may be shown in monotone or gradual shading multiple Gradual shading paints the trails getting thinner with time just like the after glow on an analog PPI radar Monotone trail Multitone trail Figure 1 22 Comparison of trail gradation types 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the TRAIL menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select TONE and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Select
59. o6 Exposed nuts Check for corroded or loosened nuts Sealing compound may be used months and bolts on and bolts If necessary clean and Instead of paint Apply a small antenna unit repaint themthickly Replace themif amount of grease between nuts and heavily corroded bolts for easy removal in future Antenna radiator Check for dirt and cracks on radiator Do not use plastic solvent acetone surface Thick dirt should be wiped off for cleaning If you need to remove wth soft cloth daypened with fresh ice fromantenna unit use a wooden w amp ter If a crack is found apply a hanme or plastic Crack on the unit slight amount of sealing compound or may cause water ingress causing adhesive as a terrporary remedy then serious darrages to internal circuits call for repair Terminal strips Open antenna cover to check terminal When closing antenna covers in and plugs in strip and plug connections inside Also position be careful not to catch loose antenna unit check the rubber gasket of antenna vires between covers and unit covers for deterioration 6months CRT and High voltage at CRT and surrounding If CRT anode rubber cap or wre to one surrounding components attract dust in Sheath is cracked ask your dealer to year components environrrent which will cause poor replace it Wait for at least 3 minutes insulation Ask your nearest FURUNO until high voltage components CRT representative or dealer to clean and HV capacitors discharge t
60. petition rate for optimal detection capa bility in short to long ranges Range Range 0 75NM Range ring gt y interval Pd Range Pulselength rings Figure l 4 Location of range range ring interval and pulselength indications Procedure Press the RANGE key at or The range range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left corner of the display 1 4 Presentation Mode This radar has the following presentation modes Relative Motion RM Selecting presentation mode Each time the MODE key is pressed the presen tation mode and mode indication at the upper left corner of the screen change cyclically Head up Unstabilized Course up Compass stabilized relative to ship s intended course North up Compass stabilized with Loss of gyro signal reference to north When the gyro signal is lost the presentation True Motion TM mode automatically becomes Head up and North up Ground or sea stabilized with Beete xxx x The x s do not disappear even when the gyro signal is restored to warn the operator that the readout may be unreliable Match the gyro readout with the gyrocompass reading Press the MODE key Presentation mode Description representative display 340 350 000 010 poo compass and speed inputs A display withouth azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship s heading 330 The target pips a
61. r off the interference rejector circuit 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select ECHO SIG and press the ENTER SE LECT key 3 Select INTRF and press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select level of suppression desired higher the number the greater the suppression and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Press the MENU key Figure 1 20 Radar interference 1 26 Echo Trails Echo trails are simulated afterglow of target ech oes that represent their movements relative to own ship or true movements with respect to land in a single tone or gradual shading depending on the setting on the TRAIL menu True or relative trails You may display echo trails in true or relative motion Relative trails show relative movements between targets and own ship In the true mo tion the moving targets have trails according to their speeds but stationary targets stay still True motion trails require a gyrocompass signal and own ship speed input to cancel out own ship s movement and present true target movements in accordance with their over the ground speeds and courses not heading Refer to the automatic and manual speed input procedures for entering own ship s speed information Relative trails True trails Figure 1 21 True and relative echo trails Note If the true trail is selected on the stabilized RM CU NU targets whose extensions hit own ship are not always on a collision course Starting echo trail Press the ECHO TRAIL key t
62. re painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship s heading Uc Dro The short dashed line on the bearing scale is the north mark and it indicates compass north Failure of the gyro will remove the north marker and the HDG indication shows xxx x An azimuth stabilized display in which a line con necting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship s intended course namely own ship s previous heading just before this mode has been selected 349 350 000 010 020 Target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to the intended course which is maintained at the 0 degree position while the heading marker moves in accordance with the ship s yawing and course changes This mode is useful to avoid smearing of picture during course changes After a course change press the SHIFT ZOOM key to reset the picture orientation if you wish to continue using the Course up mode C O U R S E U P 200 190 180 170 160 If the gyrocompass fails the presentation mode changes to the Head up mode and the north marker disappears Also the HDG readout at the screen top shows xxx x Presentation mode Description representative display ina M Target pips are painted at their measured distances A and in their true compass directions with reference to own ship north being maintained at the top of the screen The heading marker moves according to ship s
63. se strikes it Target size and strength of reflected echo The size of a target has little to do with the strength of the reflected echo If the radio pulse strikes the target at a right angle even a small target will re turn a strong echo provided its material is a good radar target Radar picture and how the pulse strikes a target A return echo will be weak if the angle at which a radio pulse strikes a target is small For example flat surfaces such as sandy beaches sandbars and mudbanks have almost no area that can reflect en ergy back to the radar Conical surfaces such as a lighthouse generate a weak return echo because their shape diffuses most of the radiated energy Radar sees only the near side of targets For ex ample it cannot show you what is behind a sea wall or an island The echo of a mountain peak may appear on the radar as a peninsula or small island Target material and reflected echo Generally steel objects return a very strong echo and reefs and water return a weak echo The weak est echoes come from wood and fiberglass ob jects In summary non metallic objects and flat or conical objects are not good radar targets Actual topography and radar picture The radar cannot display topography in its actual shape Black areas are strong reflection targets Coastline lt difficult to display Figure 2 1 Radar picture and actual topography 2 2 Range Resolution Range resolution
64. sel s position can be off centered up to 75 of the range in use to view the situation around your vessel without changing the range or size of targets 1 Operate the trackball to set cursor where de sired 2 Press the SHIFT ZOOM key SHIFT appears at the top left corner of the display 2 Press SHIFT ZOOM key to shift display D Set cursor where desired Figure 1 17 Off centering the picture Note The display cannot be off centered on the 96 nm range In True Motion the SHIFT ZOOM key resets the OS position to a point of 50 ra dius opposite to the extension of the heading marker passing through the display center Canceling off centered picture Press the SHIFT ZOOM key again 1 15 1 20 Zoom The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area between your vessel and any location within the current range to take a closer look at an area of interest Your radar may not have this function 1 Select location with the cursor 2 Press and hold down the SHIFT ZOOM key about two seconds ZOOM appears at the top left corner when the zoom function is on Cursor 2 Press SHIFT ZOOM key to zoom CD Place cursor where desired Figure 1 18 Zoom function Note Zoom is canceled when range or presenta tion mode is changed Canceling zoom Press the SHIFT ZOOM key again 1 21 Inscribing Marks on the Display The MARK PUSH control inscribes marks on the display Each time the MAR
65. sition display on off The radar plots the latest five past positions of a plotted target by dots You can show or hide the dots 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the PLOT menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select TRACK and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select ON or OFF 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Canceling target plotting Canceling individual target plotting Place the cursor on the plot symbol and press the CLEAR DELETE key Canceling all target plotting 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the PLOT menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select ERASE and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Press the MENU key 1 21 1 28 Setting a Guard Alarm Zone The guard allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a guard zone When ships islands landmasses etc violate the guard zone an aural alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator s attention Two areas can be set zone 1 short dashed line and zone 2 long dashed line and one may be active WARNING The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations A C SEA A C RAIN and GAIN should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes Selecting guard zone type The guard alarm can be set to sound when a tar get either enters or exits the guard zone You can select which type of guard alarm yo
66. ss the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key 1 32 Echo Stretch On long ranges target echoes tend to shrink in the bearing direction making them difficult to see On short and medium ranges such as 1 5 3 and 6 nm range scales the same sized targets get smaller on screen as they approach own ship These are due to the inherent property of the ra diation pattern produced by the antenna To en hance target video use the echo stretch feature Enlarged in range direction by ES 2 Enlarged by ES 1 If a target becomes smaller as it approaches own ship use ES 1 If a distant target is hard to see use ES 2 ECHO STRETCH 2 Forstretching echoes near perimeter of CRT ECHO STRETCH 1 For stretching echoes near own ship Figure 1 27 Echo stretch 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the ECHO SIG menu and press the ENTER SELECT key 3 Select STRETCH and press the ENTER SE LECT key 4 Select 1 2 or OFF 5 Press the ENTER SELECT key followed by the MENU key Note 1 Echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns from sea surface rain and radar interference For this reason make sure that these types of interference have been suffi ciently suppressed before activating the echo stretch feature Note 2 If the 1 5 nm range is preset for pulselength SP 0 08 us or M2 0 3 us and the 3 nm scale for M1 0 3 us the echo stretch fea ture is not available on thes
67. target objectives are available and you can assign three sets on the FUNC menu The eight objectives available are outlined in the table which follows Table 1 1 Eight available target objectives Objective Description SI Short range navigation Short range 1 within 1 5 nm for example in harbor area S2 Short range navigation within Short range 2 3 nm e g harbor approach S amp M Coastal navigation on ranges Short and within 12 nm Medium ranges L ES To enhance target on 1 5 to 6 Long range Echo Stretch L AC Long range anti clutter nm range by using Echo Stretch To suppress sea clutter on 3 nm range and higher ranges ES To magnify target echoes on Echo Stretch 1 5 nm range and higher ranges B1 Buoy 1 To detect small targets nav buoys small vessels floats etc on ranges within 1 5 nm B2 Buoy 2 To detect small targets on ranges greater than 1 5 nm Procedure 1 Press the FUNCTION key to display function number to program F1 F2 or F3 2 Press the MENU key and select the FUNC menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key FUNC FUNC SEL S1 S2 S amp M L ES L AC ES B1 B2 ECHO AVG OFF 1 2 3 INTRF OFF 1 2 3 STRETCH OFF 1 2 AC AUTO OFF ON N REJ OFF ON P L SET 0 75 1 5NM SP M1P 3NM SP M1P M2P 6NM M1P M2P LP 12 24NM M2P LP Figure 1 19 FUNC menu 5 Select FUNC SEL and press the ENTER SE
68. the cursor on the plot symbol and press the ENTER SE LECT key The plot symbol of the target flashes 3 While the plot symbol of the target is flash ing place the cursor on the target again and press the PLOT SYMBOL key The plot sym bol shifts to the new target position and the previous position is marked by a small dot o SPEED HDG 123 4 MANUAL 30 0kt 0 25 nu 0 05 AUTO ZOOM TEEN GUARDI Sp o ott Du GUARD2 HU ww N j en IN ES N d Y 2 X E cage m t p R o A ZS gt VAN M Z i 7 a D Past lt J AA position 4 i SE max 5 5 E R 3 Hi m NE a z 4 di Ne gm d Es J oa Z E 2 symbol E 2 a i A Zn ae AIC Dani S NR F3 Mo csl IR2 L ES mun ES1 EAV1 345 6 R Lu vam L0 080nm 23 0 R 0 220nm 105 0 R 00 74nm 00 74nm TTG 12 34 RELVECTOR BRG 057 1 R COURSE 231 0 R 12MIN RNG 2 7nm SPEED 7 5kt TIME 01 28 CPA 0 4nm TCPA 22 2 Plot data for Figure 1 23 Plotting Note If a certain target once plotted is not plot ted again within 12 minutes the plot symbol of the target flashes If you want to continue plot ting this target reacquire it within one minute otherwise the target will be regarded as a lost target and its plot symbol and target data will be erased The larger the plotting interval the less accurate the plotted target data Plotting of each target should normally be ma
69. tion can be improved by using a Func tion key that is so programmed If the Function key fails to effectively suppress rain clutter use the A C RAIN control The A C RAIN control adjusts the receiver sen sitivity as the A C SEA control does but rather in a longer time period longer range Clockwise rotation of this control increases the anti clutter effect A C RAIN control adjusted rain clutter suppressed Appearance of rain clutter on the display Figure 1 10 Effect of A C RAIN control 1 12 1 13 The Heading and North Markers The heading marker indicates the ship s heading in all presentation modes It appears at zero de grees on the bearing scale in the Head up mode in any direction depending on the ship orienta tion in North up and True Motion modes The north marker appears as a short dashed line In the Head up mode the north marker moves around the bearing scale in accordance with the compass signal To temporarily extinguish the heading marker to look at targets existing dead ahead of own ship press the HM OFF PUSH control The heading marker reappears when the key is released 1 14 Measuring the Range There are three ways to measure the range to a target by the range rings by the cursor and by the VRM Variable Range Marker Measuring range by the range rings Use the range rings to obtain a rough estimate of the range to a target They are concentric circles around own ship or the sweep ori
70. u want to use through the GUARD menu N type IN type alarm only In alarm The alarm sounds on targets entering the guard zone IN appears at the top right hand corner when the In alarm is selected Out alarm The alarm sounds on targets exiting the guard zone OUT appears at the top right hand corner when the Out alarm is selected Dashed line no alarm IN ALARM OUT ALARM Figure 1 24 In and out alarms 1 22 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the GUARD menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select MODE and press the ENTER SELECT key 5 Select IN or OUT 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Activating the guard zones Two guard zones may be set and one of them may be active Select the guard zone to make active on the GUARD menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select the GUARD menu 3 Press the ENTER SELECT key 4 Select AREA NO and press the ENTER SE LECT key 5 Select guard zone to make active GUARDI or GUARD2 6 Press the ENTER SELECT key 7 Press the MENU key Setting a guard zone 1 Referring to 1 in Figure 1 30 operate the trackball to place the cursor at point A or B 2 Pressthe GUARD ALARM key GUARDI or GUARD2 SET appears at the top right cor ner on the display See Figure 1 30 2 3 Operate the trackball to place the cursor at point C or D See Figure 1 30 3 GUARDI or GUARD2 IN or OUT appears 4 Press the GUARD ALARM key
71. uipment Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result A DANGER Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced Serious injury or death can result if the radiator starts rotating and strikes some one near the scanner unit Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the scanner mast A WARNING Radio Frequency Radation Hazard The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency RF energy which can be harmful particularly to your eyes Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W m exist are given in the table below RF power Distance to Distance to Model Radiator type density on 100 W point 10 W point antenna aperture XN2 4 Nil Nil FR 8051 XNS3 6 5 Nil Nil X band 6 kW XN3A 6 5 Nil Nil Not measured XNAA 8 Nil Nil XN2 4 11 0 W m FR 8111 XN3 6 5 Worst case Worst case 9 6 W m X band 10 kW XN3A 6 5 0 25 m 2 3 m 9 6 W m XN4A 8 6 7 W m XN2 4 29 0 W m FR 8251 XN3 6 5 Worst case Worst case 23 8 W
72. usting the A C SEA True echo lte Ww Target STRENG Multiple echo Figure 2 5 Multiple echoes Side lobe echoes Small amounts of rf radiation on each side of the main beam are called side lobes If a target ex ists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe the side lobe echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range as shown in Figure 2 6 Side lobes show usually only at short ranges and from strong targets They can be reduced through careful reduction of the sensitivity or proper ad justment of the A C SEA Main lobe True echo Side lobe Spurious target Scanner Figure 2 6 Side lobe echoes Blind and shadow sectors Funnels stacks masts or derricks in the path of antenna may reduce the intensity of the radar beam Within the blind sector small targets at close range may not be detected while larger targets at much greater ranges may be detected See Figure 2 7 Vessel taller than wharf Mast etc in path of radar beam Wharf Blind sector P no echo Size of blind sector depends on target size and range Figure 2 7 Blind and shadow sectors 2 5 Minimum and Maximum Ranges Minimum range The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which using a scale of 1 5 or 0 75 nm a target having an echoing area of 10 m is still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position
73. want to keep active 2 Press the EBL OFF key The EBL readout and its associated EBL are erased 1 13 1 16 Collision Assessment by the Offset EBL The origin of the No 1 EBL can be placed any where with the trackball to assess the risk of col lision as well as to measure the range and bearing between two targets 1 Press the EBL ON key to turn on or activate the No 1 EBL 2 Press the CURSOR OFFSET key 3 Operate the trackball to place the No 1 EBL origin on the target 4 Operate the EBL control to pass the No 1 EBL through the screen center You can anchor the EBL to continue monitoring target s track by pressing the CURSOR OFFSET key again If the target tracks along the No 1 EBL toward the screen center the possibility of colli sion exists D No 1 EBL Target 70 0 R get initial position No 1 EBL bearing Figure 1 14 How to assess risk of collision Canceling the cursor offset Press the CURSOR OFFSET key to return the No 1 EBL origin to the screen center Each press ing of the key links the offset EBL with the cur sor anchors the offset EBL or returns No 1 EBL origin to the screen center 1 14 1 17 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets The range and bearing between two targets for example targets A and B in Figure 1 15 can be measured by using the CURSOR OFFSET key 1 Press the EBL ON key to turn on or activate the No 1 EBL 2 Press the CURSOR OFFSET key

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