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Farallon Communications R9100 Network Card User Manual

1. The sections below describe how to update the Netopia R9100 s firmware and how to download and upload configuration files Updating firmware Firmware updates may be available periodically from Netopia or from a site maintained by your organization s network administrator There are two types of firmware in the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router router firmware and WAN module firmware The router firmware governs how the router communicates with your network and the WAN module the WAN module firmware governs how the WAN module communicates with the remote site WAN module firmware is included on your Netopia CD for XMODEM transfer and later updates will be available on the Netopia website Router firmware updates are also periodically posted on the Netopia website To update either the router s or the internal WAN module s firmware follow these steps m Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located m Select Firmware File Name and enter the name of the file you will download The name of the file is available from the site where the server is located You may need to enter a file path along with the file name for example bigroot config myfile m Select GET ROUTER FIRMWARE FROM SERVER or GET WAN MODULE FIRMWARE FROM SERVER and 14 8 User s Reference Guide press Return You will see the follow
2. m Select Route Priority and choose High or Low High means that the static route takes precedence over RIP information Low means that the RIP information takes precedence over the static route m To make sure that the static route is known only to the Netopia R9100 select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to No To allow other RIP capable routers to know about the static route select Advertise IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 15 Route Via RIP and toggle it to Yes When Advertise Route Via RIP is toggled to Yes a new item called RIP Metric appears below Advertise Route Via RIP With RIP Metric you set the number of routers from 1 to 15 between the sending router and the destination router The maximum number of routers on a packet s route is 15 Setting RIP Metric to 1 means that a route can involve 15 routers while setting it to 15 means a route can only involve one router m Select ADD STATIC ROUTE NOW to save the new static route or select CANCEL to discard it and return to the Static Routes screen m Up to 16 static routes can be created but one is always reserved for the default gateway which Is configured using either Easy Setup or the IP Setup screen in system configuration Modifying a static route To modify a static route in the Static Routes screen select Display Change Static Route to display a table of Static routes Select a static route from the table and go to the Change Static Route screen The
3. DHCP NetBios Options Serve NetBios Type NetBios Type Serve NetBios Scope NetBios Scope Serve NetBios Name Server NetBios Name Server IP Addr m To serve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope select Serve NetBios Scope and toggle it to Yes Select NetBios Scope and enter the scope m Jo serve DHCP clients with the IP address of a NetBIOS name server select Serve NetBIOS Name Server and toggle it to Yes Select NetBios Name Server IP Addr and enter the IP address for the NetBIOS name server You are now finished setting up DHCP NetBIOS Options To return to the IP Address Serving screen press Escape m To enable BootP s address serving capability select Serve BOOTP Clients and toggle to Yes Note Addresses assigned through BootP are permanently allocated from the IP Address Serving pool until you release them To release these addresses navigate back to the Main Menu then Statistics amp Logs Served IP Addresses and Lease Management tatisti Statistics Served IP Lease Management amp Logs Addresses IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 23 IP Address Lease Management Reset All Leases Release BootP Leases Reclaim Declined Addresses Hit RETURN ENTER you will return to the previous screen Select Release BootP Leases and press Return MaclP KIP forwarding setup When hosts using AppleTalk typically those using LocalTalk are not directly connected to an IP network usually an Et
4. Enter Information about new Partner m Select Partner IP Address or Domain Name and enter the new AURP partner s IP address If you do not know the remote network s IP address enter its domain name Domain names are the Internet addresses favored by people for example chagall arts edu Domain names are matched to the IP addresses actually used by IP routers for example 163 7 8 202 m To initiate a connection with an AURP partner select Initiate Connection and toggle it to Yes This will open a connection to the remote AppleTalk network after rebooting m You can choose to restrict this partner to the Free Trade Zone by toggling Restrict to Free Trade Zone to Yes See AURP Free Trade Zone on page 11 8 for more information m To add the new AURP partner select ADD PARTNER NOW To discard the new AURP partner select CANCEL Modifying an AURP partner To modify an AURP partner in the AURP Setup screen select Display Change Partner and press Return A table of existing partners appears Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to select a partner then press Return to go to the Change AURP Partner screen The Change AURP Partner screen appears 11 10 User s Reference Guide Change AURP Partner Partner IP Address or Domain Name 176 163 8 134 Initiate Connection No Restrict to Free Trade Zone No The Change AURP Partner screen has all the values you entered when you added that partner All of these values may
5. NAT Network Address Translation A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP address instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network NetBIOS network communications protocol used on PC LANs network A group of computer systems and other computer devices that communicate with one another network administrator A person who coordinates the design installation and management of a network A network administrator is also responsible for troubleshooting and for adding new users to the network Glossary 5 network log A record of the names of devices location of wire pairs walljack numbers and other information about the network network number A unique number for each network in an internet AppleTalk network numbers are assigned by seed routers to which the network is directly connected An isolated AppleTalk network does not need a network number network number remapping Resolves network number conflicts when two or more AppleTalk networks that may have duplicate network numbers are connected together The Netopia ISDN Router lets you set up a range of network numbers into which remote AppleTalk network numbers are remapped network range A unique set of contiguous numbers associated with an extended network each number in a network range can be associated with up to 253 node addresses node See host non seeding A
6. Basic IP packet components All IP packets contain the same basic header information as follows Source IP Address 163 176 132 18 Destination IP Address 163 176 4 27 Source Port 2541 Protocol TCP ACK Bit Yes This header information is what the packet filter uses to make filtering decisions It is important to note that a packet filter does not look into the IP data stream the User Data from above to make filtering decisions Basic protocol types TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP provides reliable packet delivery and has a retransmission mechanism so packets are not lost RFC 793 is the specification for TCP UDP User Datagram Protocol Unlike TCP UDP does not guarantee reliable sequenced packet delivery If data does not reach its destination UDP does not retransmit the data RFC 768 is the specification for UDP There are many more ports defined in the Assigned Addresses RFC The table that follows shows some of these port assignments 13 30 User s Reference Guide Example TCP UDP Ports TCP Port UDP Port Service 20 21 FTP 161 SNMP 25 SMTP 387 AURP ve o Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to firewall design What is not explicitly allowed is denied and What is not explicitly denied is allowed The first rule is far more secure and is the best approach to firewall design It is far easier and more secure to allow in or out only certain services and deny anythi
7. Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 7 Adding an external modem You may want to add an external modem to your Auxiliary port Remote modem terminal emulator setups can dial in to the modem line and establish a remote console session This allows Netopia Inc s Up and Running Guaranteed department or other administrator with the appropriate security to remotely configure your router for you Obtain the special external DB 25 modem cable Netopia P N TE6 DB25 either from your reseller or directly from Netopia Netopia R9100 Auxiliary port for connecting an external modem Console Power Auxiliary connection port HD 15 female By default the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R9100 is enabled for remote console configuration via an external asynchronous modem This means that all you have to do is connect your modem to the Auxiliary port and configure its settings in the Line Configuration screens under the WAN Configuration menu Full Auxiliary Port PPP capabilities can be enabled on a Netopia R9100 as an upgrade option For pinout information on the HD 15 to DB 25 modem cable see Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cable in Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety Information 4 8 User s Reference Guide Connecting to a LocalTalk network If you have purchased the AppleTalk feature expansion kit you can also connect the router to an AppleTalk network that uses either Ethernet or LocalTalk Refer to t
8. Tlie CIN vant A naan ET 14 5 Disconnect Telnet console SESSION cecceceeceeeeeeeeeeees 14 6 Factory Ce ais PR enone 14 6 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP 14 6 Updating MNT CL 14 7 Downloading configuration files 14 8 Uploading configuration files 14 9 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TE PR ER annleemancuineneicls 14 9 Updating firmware sms 14 10 Downloading configuration files 14 11 Uploading configuration files 14 11 Restarting the SYSTEM tn nsc 14 12 Part Ill Appendixes Appendix A Troubleshooting A 1 CONTOUR AO OO DIGI a mom N A 1 Console connection problems ccccesceeeeeeeeeees A 2 NEWWOTC DIC DIES in nomme A 2 How to reset the router to factory defaults A 3 SPORE oi A 3 LES lit lise eos cel E cer Tre tnt tr MC r Trimet rn trance te tert eT A 4 Contents vii ge ARE de SL A e A E E E E A 4 Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing B 1 E E r EE B 1 About IP addressing B 1 Subnets and subnet MASKS sssssessrssrrrerererrrreren B 2 Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internet B 3 Example Working with a Class C subnet B 5 Distributing IP addresses sssssssrsrsrsrersrerrrerrrrrrrrrerern B 5 Technical note on subnet masking
9. on page 3 1 What you need on page 3 2 Identify the connectors and attach the cables on page 3 2 Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel ports on page 3 3 Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router status lights on page 3 4 Find a location When choosing a location for the Netopia Router consider Available space and ease of installation Physical layout of the building and how to best use the physical space available for connecting your Netopia Router to the LAN Available wiring and jacks Distance from the point of installation to the next device length of cable or wall wiring Ease of access to the front of the unit for configuration and monitoring Ease of access to the back of the unit for checking and changing cables Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks For small networks install the Netopia R9100 near one of the LANs For large networks you can install the Netopia R9100 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site In most cases the router will be near the cable or DSL modem which is near the cable or DSL wall outlet You could route a line from the wall outlet to a wiring closet if you store the modem and router there 3 2 User s Reference Guide What you need Locate all items that you need for the installation Included in your router package are m The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router m A power adapter and cord with a mini DIN8 connector m Two RJ 45 cables on
10. 1 ae Forward CE CE Cu ao NE LE address Source IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 address mask Dest IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 address Dest IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oe e port No No N A No No aa Compare Compare Compare Compare PaT port Equal Equal N A Greater Greater N A comparison Than Than Dest portID 2000 6000 NA 1023 1023 Basic Firewall s filters play the following roles Input filters 1 and 2 These block WAN originated OpenWindows and X Windows sessions Service origination requests for these protocols use ports 2000 and 6000 respectively Since these are greater than 1023 OpenWindows and X Windows traffic would otherwise be allowed by input filter 4 Input filters 1 and 2 must precede input filter 4 otherwise they would have no effect since filter 4 would have already passed OpenWindows and X Windows traffic Input filter 3 This filter explicitly passes all WAN originated ICMP traffic to permit devices on the WAN to ping devices on the LAN Ping is an Internet service that is useful for diagnostic purposes Input filters 4 and 5 These filters pass all TCP and UDP traffic respectively when the destination port is greater than 1023 This type of traffic generally does not allow a remote host to connect to the LAN using one of the potentially intrusive Internet services such as Telnet FTP and WWW Output filter 1 This filter p
11. 12 19 Chapter L3 S6CUNTY a ciesssc esarcicetneeueteaiee nasetusreienetense 13 1 Suggested security measures 13 1 Uor OUI a ad he rot 13 1 Dara CONS Oe Ce a ane 13 3 Enable SmartStart SmartView Web server ceee 134 Tee ACCS so a a a mie nn 13 4 About filters and filter sets cccecceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 4 What s a filter and what s a filter set 134 How Miter Sets WOK iiccierianerierinivecesiaseetrnaienen 13 5 How individual filters work 13 7 Design guidelines sssssssssssrsrrrserrsrerersrsrsrsrene 13 11 Working with IP filters and filter sets 13 12 POGING Mer SCE sinus 13 13 Viewing filter sets 13 16 Modifying filter sets Li nssssasesnssiendisenn 13 17 Deleting a filter set 13 17 A sample IP filter SCE sisiiccisvinniasiiinrennnamawesn 13 17 A QUES E EE E EAE A TAE ET 13 21 IPX packet filters iranienne 13 22 IPX packet filter sets cccccecseceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 23 IPA SAP a es rinnen AR 13 25 IPX SAP filter SES rase sar s rieuse 13 27 User s Reference Guide V ASE IR LEe je RE EEE 13 29 General firewall terms cccscesceeeeeeeeeseeaeeees 13 29 Basic IP packet components cceceeceeeeeeeees 13 29 Bec DO D Deo a a 13 29 Firewall design TUES on ponton 13 30 SD a a ii tn 13 32 Eee ES na an non 13 33 Chapter 14 Utilities and Diagnostics 14 1 PIG EAEE A A T E S E A A E T T 14 2 MAC E aaa AE une 14 4
12. 168 5 2 Likewise with the response for port 5002 the Netopia R9100 can See that this packet s destination on the local LAN interface is actually Workstation B at IP address 192 168 5 3 Exported services Note that this automatic port remapping and IP address substitution only works in one direction for IP packets that originated on the LAN interface destined to the WAN interface and the Internet In order for port remapping and IP address substitution to work in the other direction that is hosts on the Internet that want to Originate an IP packet destined to a host on the Netopia R9100s LAN interface a manual redirection of TCP or UDP ports as well as destination IP addresses within the Netopia R9100 is required This manual port remapping and IP address substitution is accomplished by setting up exported services Exported services are essentially user defined pointers for a particular type of incoming TCP or UDP service from the WAN interface to a host on the local LAN interface This is necessary since the Netopia R9100 and thus the attached local LAN has only one IP presence on the WAN interface and Internet Exported services allows the user to redirect one type of service for example Port 21 FTP to a single host on the local LAN interface This will then allow the Netopia R9100 to redirect any packets coming in from the Internet with the defined destination TCP or UDP port of port 21 FTP to be redirected to a host on the loca
13. Before With a DSL or cable modem you can connect a single computer to the Internet using a DSL modem al Before Lo ISF and internet using a cable modem be ISP and ingermet Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 3 After Using the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router you can connect multiple computers to the Internet with a single user account using a DSL modem with a Netopia R9100 EL After Ces a ee bo ISF and Intemet pr E piner to El hee ret Ainii mn T using a cable modem with a Netopia R9100 After F m ma ETS e ns F pone aad Es all z F Lie m m Ethemel io Elthemet ni Comoe Aouter Mate to ISP and intermet While this network model is typical other network models are possible For example you may choose to attach the Ethernet WAN port to an external Ethernet hub connected to a number of workstations 4 4 User s Reference Guide Readying computers on your local network PC and Macintosh computers must have certain components installed before they can communicate through the Netopia R9100 The following illustration shows the minimal requirements for a typical PC or Macintosh computer Application software TCP IP stack Ethernet EtherTalk LocalTalk Driver Your PC or Macintosh computer To the Netopia R9100 Application software This is the software you use to send e mai
14. Clients Serve MaclP KIP Clients In addition to being a router the Netopia R9100 is also an IP address server There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses The first called Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is widely supported on PC networks as well as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system Addresses assigned via DHCP are leased or allocated for a short period of time if a lease is not renewed the address becomes available for use by another computer DHCP also allows most of the IP parameters for a computer to be configured by the DHCP server simplifying setup of each machine The second called BootP also known as Bootstrap Protocol is the predecessor to DHCP and allows older IP hosts to obtain most of the information that a DHCP client would obtain However in contrast BootP address assignments are permanent since there is no lease renewal mechanism in BootP The third protocol called Dynamic WAN is part of the PPP MP suite of wide area protocols used for WAN connections It allows remote terminal adapters and NAT enabled routers to be assigned a temporary IP address for the duration of their connection The fourth protocol called MaclIP is used only for computers on AppleTalk networks MaclP provides a protocol translation or gateway function between IP and AppleTalk as well as an IP address assignment mechanism Like DHCP MaclP
15. Console based management provides access to a wide variety of features that the router supports You can customize these features for your individual setup This chapter describes how to access the console based management screens This section covers the following topics m WAN configuration on page 8 1 m Creating a new Connection Profile on page 8 3 m Default Answer Profile for Dial in Connections on page 8 7 m System configuration screens on page 8 9 m Navigating through the system configuration screens on page 8 10 m System configuration features on page 8 11 WAN configuration To configure your Wide Area Network WAN connection navigate to the WAN Configuration screen from the Main Menu and select WAN Configuration then WAN Setup Main WAN WAN WAN Ethernet Menu Configuration Setup Configuration The WAN Ethernet Configuration screen appears 8 2 User s Reference Guide WAN Ethernet Configuration Address Translation Enabled Local WAN IP Address Filter Set Remove Filter Set Receive RIP Aux Serial Port Async Modem Data Rate kbps 57 6 Aux Modem Init String AT amp F amp C1 amp D2E0S0 1 Set up the basic IP attributes of your Ethernet Module in this screen m Address Translation Enabled allows you to specify whether or not the router performs Network Address Translation NAT on the Ethernet WAN port NAT is enabled by default m Local WAN IP Address allows y
16. Domain Name Primary Domain Name Server Secondary Domain Name Server Default IP Gateway IP Address Serving Number of Client IP Addresses 1st Client IP Address PREVIOUS SCREEN TO MAIN MENU RESTART DEVICE Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form XXX XXX xxXx xxx Set up the basic IP amp IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the first IP address from the IP address range your ISP has given you This will be the Netopia Router s IP address If Network Address Translation is enabled in Easy Setup the Ethernet IP Address defaults to an address within a range reserved by the Internet address administration authority for use within private networks 192 168 1 1 Because this is a private network address it should never be directly connected to the Internet Using NAT for all your WAN and IP configurations will ensure this restriction See IP Setup and Network Address Translation on page 9 1 of this guide for more information Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask your ISP has given you The Ethernet Subnet Mask defaults to a standard class mask derived from the class of the Ethernet IP address you entered in the previous step Select Domain Name and enter the domain name your ISP has given you Easy Setup 7 7 Note If the Netopia R9100 s WAN interface is acting as a DHCP client do not change the default settings for Steps 3 4 and 5 4 Se
17. Loop Alameda California 94501 USA Troubleshooting A 5 Netopia Bulletin Board Service 1 510 865 1321 Online product information Product information can be found in the following Netopia World Wide Web server via http www netopia com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp netopia com pub FAX Back This service provides technical notes that answer the most commonly asked questions and offers solutions for many common problems encountered with Netopia products FAX Back 1 510 814 5040 A 6 User s Reference Guide Understanding IP Addressing B 1 Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing This appendix is a brief general introduction to IP addressing A basic understanding of IP will help you in configuring the Netopia R9100 and using some of its powerful features such as static routes and packet filtering In packets a header is part of the envelope information that surrounds the actual data being transmitted In e mail a header is usually the address and routing information found at the top of messages This section covers the following topics m What is IP on page B l m About IP addressing on page B l m Distributing IP addresses on page B 5 m Nested IP subnets on page B 11 m Broadcasts on page B 13 What is IP All networks use protocols to establish common standards for communication One widely used network protocol is the Internet Protocol also known as IP Like many other protocols I
18. R9100 Ethernet Router s default settings may be all you need to configure your Netopia R9100 Some users however require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections For these users the Netopia R9100 provides system configuration options To help you determine whether you need to use the system configuration options review the following requirements If you have one or more of these needs use the system configuration options described in later chapters m System configuration of dynamic IP address distribution through DHCP MaclP or BootP m Greater network security through the use of filters m System configuration of AppleTalk LAN settings m System configuration of connections to AppleTalk networks through the Internet or any IP network using AURP AppleTalk tunneling To access the system configuration screens select System Configuration in the Main Menu then press Return The System Configuration menu screen appears System Configuration Network Protocols Setup Filter Sets Firewalls IP Address Serving Date and Time Console Configuration SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SeCUPILY ess Upgrade Feature Set Logging Return Enter to configure Networking Protocols such as TCP IP Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup Network protocols setup These screens allow you to configure your network s use of the standard networking pr
19. Reference Guide Src Port The source port to match This is the port on the sending host that originated the packet D Port The destination port to match This is the port on the receiving host for which the packet is intended On Displays Yes when the filter is in effect or No when it Is not Fwd Shows whether the filter forwards Yes a packet or discards No it when there s a match Filtering example 1 Returning to our filtering rule example from above see page 13 7 look at how a rule is translated into a filter Start with the rule then fill in the filter s attributes 1 The rule you want to implement as a filter is Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199 211 211 17 2 The host 199 211 211 17 is the source of the Telnet packets you want to block while the destination address is any IP address How these IP addresses are masked determines what the final match will be although the mask is not displayed in the table that displays the filter sets you set it when you create the filter In fact since the mask for the destination IP address is 0 0 0 0 the address for Dest IP Addr could have been anything The mask for Source IP Addr must be 255 255 255 255 since an exact match is desired m Source IP Addr 199 211 211 17 m Source IP address mask 255 255 255 255 m Dest IP Addr 0 0 0 0 m Destination IP address mask 0 0 0 0 Note To learn about IP addresses and masks see Appendix B Understan
20. Rtr Addr Pkts Fwded SCROLL UP Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good AdMan Aspirations Sales Marketing Molluscs Customer Service Telemarketing Rio Regiment Rhinos Unique Services Good Aspirations Good Rhinos ab Good FFMMNMNNMNNNN NN hl UPDATE x Entries have multiple zone names Return Enter on these to see zone list A router has multiple communications ports and is capable of forwarding information to other routers and devices on the internet The router performs packet forwarding network and device address maintenance and other administrative functions required by the AppleTalk protocols AppleTalk Setup 11 3 MaclP When Macintosh computers encapsulate TCP IP packets in AppleTalk either because they are on LocalTalk or EtherTalk for administrative reasons they must use the services of a MaclP gateway This gateway converts network traffic into the correct format for AppleTalk or IP depending on the traffic s destination Setting up MaclP involves enabling the feature and optionally setting up a range of addresses to be static See IP address serving on page 9 16 for more information on how to set up MaclP and other IP addressing schemes AURP AppleTalk Update Based Routing Protocol AURP allows AppleTalk networks to communicate across an IP network Your local AppleTalk networks connected to the Netopia R9100 can exchange data with remote AppleTalk networks that are also co
21. Setup console screens on your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router After completing the Easy Setup console screens your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site This chapter covers the following topics m Easy Setup console screens on page 7 1 m Quick Easy Setup connection path on page 7 3 More Easy Setup options on page 7 5 Easy Setup console screens Using three Easy Setup console screens you can m Define your Wide Area Network WAN connection for your router to connect to your ISP or remote location m Set up IP addresses and IP address serving Password protect configuration access to your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router Accessing the Easy Setup console screens To access the console screens Telnet to the Netopia Router over your Ethernet network or physically connect with a serial console cable and access the Netopia Router with a terminal emulation program See Connecting through a Telnet session on page 6 2 or Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 Note Before continuing make sure you have the information that your telephone service provider ISP or network administrator has given you for configuring the Netopia Router The Netopia Router s first console screen Main Menu appears in the terminal emulation window of the attached PC or Macintosh computer when The Netopia Router is turned on m The computer is connected to the Netopia Router m
22. Telemarketing Rio Regiment Rhinos Unique Services Good Aspirations Good Rhinos 1 Good 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 UPDATE x Entries have multiple zone names Return Enter on these to see zone list Each row in the AppleTalk routing table corresponds to an AppleTalk route or network range If the list of routes Shown exceeds the size of the screen you can scroll through it by using SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN To scroll up select SCROLL UP at the top of the table and press Return To scroll down select SCROLL DOWN at the bottom of the table and press Return The table has the following columns Net Displays the starting network number supplied by the AppleTalk router in the Next Rtr Addr column If a network number is preceded by an asterisk it has multiple zones To display the zones select the network entry and press Return Range Displays the ending network number for the extended network Def Zone Name Displays the zone or zones associated with the specified network or network range The zone name shown is either the only zone or the default zone name for an extended network To see the complete list of zones for an extended network with multiple zones select the entry in the table and press Return Press Return again to close the list of zones Hops Displays the number of routers between the Netopia R9100 and the specified network 12 10 User s Reference Guide State Displays the state
23. The Telnet or terminal emulation software is running and configured correctly 7 2 User s Reference Guide A screen similar to the following Main Menu appears Netopia R9100 v4 3 Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configurati ns s Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs sss Quick Menus Quick View Your Baud Rate has been changed to 57600 You always start from this main screen If you do not see the Main Menu verify that The computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia R9100 s Console port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 or Connecting through a Telnet session on page 6 2 The Telnet or terminal emulation software is configured for the recommended values If you are connecting via the Console port your computer s serial port is not being used by another device such as an internal modem or an application Turn off all other programs other than your terminal emulation program that may be interfering with your access to the port You have entered the correct password if necessary Your Netopia R9100 s console access may be password protected from a previous configuration See your system administrator to obtain the password See Appendix A Troubleshooting for more suggestions Easy Setup 7 3 Quick Easy Setup connection path This section
24. This section covers the following topics Ping on page 14 2 Trace Route on page 144 Telnet client on page 14 5 Disconnect Telnet console session on page 14 6 Factory defaults on page 14 6 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP on page 14 6 Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM on page 14 9 Restarting the system on page 14 12 Note These utilities and tests are accessible only through the console based management screens See Chapter 6 ConsoleBased Management for information on accessing the console based management screens You access the Utilities amp Diagnostics screens from the Main Menu Utilities amp Diagnostics Panes Trace Route Telnet Disconnect Telnet Console Session Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP X Modem File Transfer Revert to Factory Defaults Restart System 14 2 User s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia R9100 includes a standard Ping test utility A Ping test generates IP packets destined fora particular Ping capable IP host Each time the target host receives a Ping packet it returns a packet to the Original sender Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia R9100 You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test s Statistics In the Utilities amp Di
25. Translation Enabled allows you to specify whether or not the router performs Network Address Translation NAT on the Ethernet WAN port NAT is enabled by default To manually configure an IP address for use on the Ethernet WAN port select Local WAN IP Address and enter the IP address you want to use Otherwise accept the default value 0 0 0 0 If you accept the default the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router will act as a DHCP client on the Ethernet WAN port and attempt to acquire an address from a DHCP server By default the router acts as a DHCP client on the Ethernet WAN port and obtains its IP address and Subnet mask from the DHCP server A new field Local WAN IP Mask not shown becomes visible only if you have configured a non zero Ethernet IP address If you have configured a non zero Ethernet IP address enter an appropriate subnet mask Select NEXT SCREEN and press Return The IP Easy Setup screen appears 7 6 User s Reference Guide IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router s Ethernet IP address Ethernet Subnet mask Domain Name Domain Name Server IP address Default gateway IP address Whether to serve IP addresses or not Consult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need For more information about setting up IP see IP Setup and Network Address Translation on page 9 1 IP Easy Setup Ethernet IP Address Ethernet Subnet Mask
26. a time 1 Select Profile Name and enter a name for this connection profile It can be any name you wish For example the name of your ISP Toggle the Profile Enabled value to Yes or No The default is Yes Select IP Profile Parameters and press Return The IP Profile Parameters screen appears IP Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Local WAN IP Address Remote IP Address Remote IP Mask Filter Set Remove Filter Set Receive RIP Toggle to Yes if this is a single IP address ISP account Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here WAN and System Configuration 8 5 4 Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape For more information see IP Setup and Network Address Translation on page 9 1 5 If you will be connecting with an IPX remote network toggle IPX Enabled to Yes and press Return Otherwise accept the default No If you enable IPX routing an IPX Profile Parameters menu item becomes available Select IPX Profile Parameters and press Return The IPX Profile Parameters screen appears IPX Profile Parameters Remote IPX Network 00000000 Path Delay 10 NetBios Packet Forwarding OFT Incoming Packet Filter Set lt lt NONE gt gt Outgoing Packet Filter Set lt lt NONE gt gt Incoming SAP Filter Set lt lt NONE gt gt Outgoing SAP Filter Set lt lt NONE gt gt Periodic RIP Tim
27. address assignments are normally temporary although you can also use Static IP addresses with MaclP Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time make sure that the addresses distributed by the Netopia R9100 and those that are manually configured are not the same Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 17 Go to the System Configuration screen Select IP Address Serving and press Return The IP Address Serving screen will appear IP Address Serving Number of Client IP Addresses 5 lst Client Address 176 163 222 10 Client Default Gateway 116446322221 Serve DHCP Clients DHCP NetBios Options Serve BOOTP Clients Serve MacIP KIP Clients MacIP KIP Static Options Follow these steps to configure IP Address Serving If you enabled IP Address Serving DHCP BootP clients Dynamic WAN clients and MaclP KIP clients if you have the AppleTalk kit installed are automatically enabled Select Number of Client IP Addresses and enter the total number of contiguous IP addresses that the Netopia R9100 will distribute to the client machines on your local area network 12 user models are limited to twelve IP addresses In the screen example shown above five Client IP addresses have been allocated Select 1st Client Address and enter the first client IP address that you will allocate to your first client machine For
28. addressing enter a specific address IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 5 Associating port numbers with nodes When an IP client such as a Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer wants to establish a session with an IP server such as a Web server the client machine must know the IP address to use and the TCP service port where the traffic is to be directed For example a Web browser locates a Web server by using a combination of the IP address and TCP port that the client machine has set up Just as an IP address specifies a particular computer on a network ports are addresses that specify a particular service in a computer There are many universally agreed upon ports assigned to various services For example m Web servers typically use port number 80 m All FTP servers use port number 21 m Telnet uses port number 23 m SNMP uses port number 161 To help direct incoming IP traffic to the appropriate server the Netopia R9100 lets you associate these and other port numbers with distinct IP addresses on your internal LAN using exported services See IP setup on page 9 6 for details Network Address Translation guideline Observe the following guideline when using Network Address Translation The router can export only one local IP address per UDP TCP port so you can have just one machine available for a given service such as one FTP server However some services such as Web servers www http servers allow
29. be modified in this screen Deleting an AURP partner m To delete an AURP partner in the AURP Setup screen select Delete Partner and press Return A table of existing partners appears Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to select an AURP partner then press Return to delete it Press Escape to exit without deleting a partner Receiving AURP connections m Jo control the acceptance of incoming AURP tunnels select Accept Connections From and choose Anyone or Configured Partners Only from the pop up menu If you choose Anyone all incoming AURP connections will be accepted The more secure option is Configured Partners Only which accepts connections only from recognized AURP partners the ones you have set up Configuring AURP Options In the AURP Setup screen select Advanced Options and go to the AURP Options screen Using AURP can cause a problem when two networks one local and one remote have the same network number This may cause network routing ambiguities than can result in routing errors AppleTalk Setup 11 11 AURP Options Tickle Interval HH MM SS 00 00 00 Update Interval HH MM SS 00 00 30 Enable Network Number Remapping Remap into Range From To Cluster Remote Networks Enable Hop Count Reduction Return accepts ESC cancels Left Right moves insertion point Del deletes Select Tickle Interval HH MM SS and set the timer to indicate how often a tickle or Are you still there packet will be sent
30. destination with the Trace Route utility In the Statistics amp Diagnostics screen select Trace Route and press Return The Trace Route screen appears Trace Route Host Name or IP Address Maximum Hops 30 Timeout seconds 5 Use Reverse DNS Yes START TRACE ROUTE Enter the IP Address Domain Name of host Trace route to a network host To trace a route follow these steps 1 Select Host Name or IP Address and enter the name or address of the destination you want to trace 2 Select Maximum Hops to set the maximum number of routers to count between the Netopia Router and the destination router up to the maximum of 64 The default is 30 hops 3 Select Timeout seconds to set when the trace will timeout for each hop up to 10 seconds The default is 3 seconds Utilities and Diagnostics 14 5 4 Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the routers between the Netopia Router and the destination router The default is Yes 5 Select START TRACE ROUTE and press Return A scrolling screen will appear that lists the destination number of hops IP addresses of each hop and DNS names if selected 6 Cancel the trace by pressing Escape Return to the Trace Route screen by pressing Escape twice Telnet client The Telnet client mode replaces the normal menu mode Telnet sessions can be cascaded that is you can initiate a Telnet client session when using a Telnet console session To activate the Telnet client s
31. diagnosing the router s behavior as well as for updating the firmware and rebooting the system See Utilities and Diagnostics on page 14 1 for detailed information The Statistics amp Logs menus display a selection of tables and device logs that show information about your router your network and their history See Statistics amp Logs on page 12 3 for detailed information The Quick Menus screen is a shortcut entry point to a wide variety of the most commonly used configuration menus that are accessed through the other menu entry points The Quick View menu displays at a glance current real time operating information about your router See Quick View status overview on page 12 1 for detailed information Connecting through a Telnet session Features of the Netopia R9100 can be configured through the console screens Before you can access the console screens through Telnet you must have A network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router Note Alternatively you can have a direct serial console cable connection using the provided console cable for your platform PC or Macintosh and the Console port on the back of the router For more information on attaching the console cable see Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 Telnet software installed on the computer you will use to configure the router Console Based Management 6 3 Configuring Telnet software If you are conf
32. does NOT relinquish its DHCP address lease when the user exits Windows and goes to DOS The lease can be manually expired by typing IPCONFIG RELEASE from a DOS window within Windows or from the DOS prompt Macintosh workstation Open Transport Version 1 1 or later The Mac workstation requests and renews its lease every half hour The Mac workstation relinquishes its address upon shutdown in all but one case If the TCP IP control panel is set to initialize at startup and no IP services are used or the TCP IP control panel is not opened the DHCP address will NOT be relinquished upon shutdown However if the TCP IP control panel is opened or if an IP application is used the Mac WILL relinquish the lease upon shutdown If the TCP IP control panel is set to acquire an address only when needed therefore a TCP IP application must have been launched to obtain a lease the Mac WILL relinquish its lease upon shutdown every time Netopia R9100 DHCP server characteristics The Netopia R9100 ignores any lease time associated with a DHCP request and automatically issues the DHCP address lease for one hour The number of devices a Netopia R9100 can serve DHCP to is 512 This is imposed by global limits on the Size of the address serving database which Is shared by all address serving functions active in the router B 8 User s Reference Guide m The Netopia R9100 does release the DHCP address back to the available DHCP address pool precisely
33. experiences idle time waiting for the DTEs to respond to the transmitted data user s input of waiting for the user to send more data 2 User s Reference Guide byte A group of bits normally eight which represent one data character CallerlD See CND CCITT Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony a standards organization that devises and proposes recommenda tions for international communications See also ANSI American National Standards Institute CHAP Challenge Handshake Protocol A method for ensuring secure network access and communications Class A B and C networks The values assigned to the first few bits in an IP network address determine which class designation the network has In decimal notation Class A network addresses range from 1 X X X to 126 X X X Class B network addresses range from 128 1 X X to 191 254 X X and Class C addresses range from 192 0 1 X to 223 255 254 X For more information on IP network address classes see Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing client An intelligent workstation that makes requests to other computers Known as servers PC computers on a LAN can be clients clustering A feature that clusters remapped network numbers into a range of sequential network numbers CNA Calling Number Authentication A security feature that will reject an incoming call if it does not match the Calling N
34. instance on your local area network you may want to first figure out what machines are going to be allocated specific static IP addresses so that you can determine the pool of IP addresses that you will be serving addresses from via DHCP BootP Dynamic WAN and or MaclP Example Your ISP has given your Netopia R9100 the IP address 192 168 6 137 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 248 The subnet mask allocated will give you six IP addresses to use when connecting to the ISP over the Internet for more information on IP addressing refer to Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing Your address range will be from 137 143 In this example you would enter 192 168 6 138 as the 1st Client Address since the router itself must have an IP address To enable DHCP select Serve DHCP Clients and toggle it to Yes DHCP serving is automatic when IP Address Serving is enabled 9 18 User s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ethernet IP subnets the appearance of the IP Address Serving screen is altered Slightly IP Address Serving Configure Address Pools Serve DHCP Clients DHCP NetBios Options Serve BOOTP Clients Serve Dynamic WAN Clients Serve MacIP KIP Clients MacIP KIP Static Options The first three menu items are hidden and Configure Address Pools appears instead If you select Configure Address Pools you will be taken to the IP Address Pools screen that allows you to configure an address serving pool
35. mask and the router s serial number in this screen Remember the serial number is on the bottom of the IP Address router It is also found in your documentation folio sa een New IP Address Modify the IP address and subnet mask if they differ from what you want to assign to your Router then enter the Serial Number which is located the bottom of the Router Subnet Mask Note Forcing a new IP address may turn off the Netopia 255 255 2550 R9100 s IP address serving capabilities if you assign an IP PT Serial Number address and subnet mask outside the router s current IP address serving pool The Netopia R9100 does not allow an invalid address to be served Use this option with caution aa When you have done this click Next SmartStart forces the new IP address into the router tests the connection and then resets the router SmartStart then returns you to the Additional Configuration screen on page 5 5 Sharing the Connection Configuring TCP IP on Windows 95 98 or NT computers Configuring TCP IP on a Windows computer requires the following m An Ethernet card also known as a network adapter m The TCP IP protocol must be bound to the adapter or card Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 7 Dynamic configuration recommended If you configure your Netopia R9100 using SmartStart you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router The Dynamic Host Confi
36. may be all you need to do to configure your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router to connect to the Internet If your ISP supports DHCP Your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router comes preconfigured with the ability to accept an IP address dynamically assigned by your ISP To do this it acts as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol client to your ISP s DHCP server This means that each time you power the Router on when it is connected to the Internet connection line it configures itself with IP address settings without any input on your part If your ISP supports this method skip these instructions and go to Chapter 4 Connecting to Your Local Area Network You don t need to do anything else This is the true Plug and Play solution If your ISP doesn t support DHCP Some ISPs may not be running a DHCP server In this case they may simply assign your router a Static IP Address and will supply you with several values for you to enter into the Router The ISP will provide the values shown below Local WAN IP Address Local WAN IP Mask Default IP Gateway Domain Name Primary Domain Name Server Secondary Domain Name Server You can record these values print this page and use the spaces above If your ISP assigns your Router a Static IP address do the following 1 From the computer connected to your router as described in the section Identify the connectors and attach the cables on page 3 2 open a Telnet session to 192 168 1 1 to b
37. netopia netopia com gt gt Received Speech Setup Ind from DN com not supplied Requested Connect to our DN 5108645534 ASYNC Modem carrier detected more Modem reports 26400 com com com gt gt WAN 56K Modem 1 activated at 115 Kbps Connect Confirmed to our DN 5108645534 PPP Channel 1 up Answer Profile name Default Profile PPP NCP up session 1 Channel 1 Final fallback negotiated auth Local PAP Remote NONE Nov 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com Nov 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com 0000C5700624 O Nov mode 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com Remote mode Nov 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com l MN 00000001 Nov 192 Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov 10 TOS TLO TO 10 TO 14 14 06 06 06 06 tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com LOS bel 14 14 14 06 06 14 netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia PPP PAP we accepted remote Channel 1 Remote name guest PPP MP negotiated session 1 Remote EDO 06 03 PPP Ascend LZS Local CCP negotiated session 1 type PPP BACP negotiated session 1 Local MN FFFFFFFF Remote PPP IPCP negotiated session 1 rem 192 168 10 100 local com gt gt WAN 56K Modem 1 deactivated com Received Clear Ind from DN 5108645534 com Issued Clear Response to DN 5108645534 com Link 1 down Remote clearing com PPP IPCP down session 1 com gt gt Received Speech Setu
38. of the Connection Profile This is accomplished by specifying the IP address that is to be statically served via the WAN and then by entering a mask value of 255 255 255 255 Tips and rules for distributing IP addresses m Before you allocate IP addresses using DHCP and MaclP consider whether you need to set aside any static addresses m Note any planned and currently used static addresses before you use DHCP and MaclP m Avoid fragmenting your block of IP addresses For example try to use a continuous range for the static addresses you choose B 10 User s Reference Guide ____p 1 7 pistibutes to the Netopia R9100 Ethernet IP addres 3 4 D 5 Ce distributed 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 g 16 9 Pool of addresses distributed 10 by MacIP and DHCP 11 12 BI 13 ock of IP host addresses 14 derived from network IP 15 address mask issued by ISP 16 The figure above shows an example of a block of IP addresses being distributed correctly The example follows these rules m An IP address must not be used as a Static address if it is also in a range of addresses being distributed by DHCP or MaclP m Asingle IP address range is used by all the address served clients These include DHCP BootP MaclP and WAN clients even though BootP and static MaclP clients might not be considered served m The address range specified for address served clients cannot wrap around from the end of the total available range
39. of the specified route based on the frequency of Routing Table Maintenance Protocol RTMP packets received for the route The state can be Good Suspect or Bad AppleTalk routers regularly exchange RTMP packets to update AppleTalk routing information Next Rtr Addr Displays the DDP or IP address of the next hop for the specified route A DDP address is displayed if the router shown is on the local AppleTalk network DDP address means that a connection to the next hop router is by a native AppleTalk network e g LocalTalk or EtherTalk Phase Il An IP address is displayed if the Netopia R9100 is connected to the router shown using AURP IP address means a connection transports over AURP AppleTalk encapsulated IP Pkts Fwded The number of packets sent to the router shown Served IP Addresses You can view all of the IP addresses currently being served by the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router from the Served IP Addresses screen From the Statistics amp Logs menu select Served IP Addresses The Served IP Addresses screen appears Served IP Addresses Type Expires Client Identifier SCROLL UP 00336 EN 00 00 c3 4a 1f ea DHCP 00 58 EN 08 00 0 16 0e 85 Lease Management EN Ethernet Address AT AppleTalk Address CP Profile Name HX hex To manage DHCP leases select Lease Management in this screen Monitoring Tools 12 11 The IP Address Lease Management screen appears IP Address Lease Management Reset Al
40. or Return or the A up or down key several times to refresh the terminal screen m Make sure that flow control on serial connections is turned off Junk characters appear on the screen m Check that the terminal emulation software is configured correctly m Check the baud rate The default values are 9600 N 8 and 1 Characters are missing from some of the configuration screens Trychanging the Netopia R9100 s default speed of 9600 bps and setting your terminal emulation software to match the new speed Network problems This section contains tips for troubleshooting a networking problem Problems communicating with remote IP hosts m Verify the accuracy of the default gateway s IP address entered in the IP Setup or Easy Setup screen m Use the Netopia R9100 s Ping utility in the Utilities amp Diagnostics screen and try to ping local and remote hosts See Ping on page 14 2 for instructions on how to use the Ping utility If you can successfully ping hosts using their IP addresses but not their domain names 198 34 7 1 but not garcia netopia com for example verify that the DNS server s IP address is correct and that it is reachable from the Netopia R9100 use Ping f you are using filters check that your filter sets are not blocking the type of connections you are trying to make Local routing problems m Observe the Ethernet LEDs to see if data traffic flow appears to be normal m Check the WAN statistics a
41. parameter will determine whether IPX Packet type 20 packets are forwarded on the Ethernet interface These packets are used by NetBIOS and some other applications 6 Select Ethernet Inbound SAP Filter Set to filter incoming IPX SAP advertisements on the Ethernet By attaching an incoming SAP filter on the Ethernet you can restrict the number of SAP entries learned on a large IPX network to only those required by remote users connecting to the Netopia R9100 An Ethernet SAP filter must be used with networks that have so many servers advertised that the Netopia R9100 would otherwise exhaust its internal memory storing server entries To attach a SAP filter set first define the filter set using the Filters and Filter Sets option See step 8 below Then select the filter set from the Ethernet Incoming SAP Filter Set pop up menu To detach the filter set select Detach Filter Set IPX Setup 10 5 7 Select Default Gateway Address and enter the network address of the IPX network to which all packets of unknown destination address should be routed Note The default gateway address is usually set up to match the IPX Address in your network connection profile 8 To configure filters and filter sets select Filters and Filter Sets and go to the IPX filters and filter sets screens For information on how to configure IPX filters and filter sets see IPX filters on page 13 21 9 Select IPX Wan Pool Base Address and enter the first IPX network a
42. port number must be less than or equal to the port number specified in the filter Equal For the filter to match the packet s port number must equal the port number specified in the filter Greater Than For the filter to match the packet s port number must be greater than the port number specified in the filter Greater Than or Equal For the filter to match the packet s port number must be greater than or equal to the port number specified in the filter Other filter attributes There are three other attributes to each filter m The filter s order i e priority in the filter set m Whether the filter is currently active m Whether the filter is set to pass forward packets or to block discard packets Putting the parts together When you display a filter set its filters are displayed as rows in a table fa ey Peller s030 000 0 040 lt 00 The table s columns correspond to each filter s attributes The filter s priority in the set Filter number 1 with the highest priority is first in the table Source IP Addr The packet source IP address to match Dest IP Addr The packet destination IP address to match Security 13 9 Proto The protocol to match This can be entered as a number see the table below or as TCP or UDP if those protocols are used Protocol Full name Ignores protocol type Internet Control Message Protocol Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol 13 10 User s
43. router setting that causes it to request network number and zone information from any other routers on the network connected to the non seeding port If it receives this information it begins to route packets through that port See also hard seeding seeding seed router and soft seeding packet A group of fixed length binary digits including the data and call control signals that are transmitted through an X 25 packet switching network as a composite whole The data call control signals and possible error control information are arranged in a predetermined format Packets do not always travel the same pathway but are arranged in proper sequence at the destination side before forwarding the complete message to an addressee packet switching network A telecommunications network based on packet switching technology wherein a transmission channel is occupied only for the duration of the transmission of the packet PAP PPP authentication protocol A method for ensuring secure network access parameter A numerical code that controls an aspect of terminal and or network operation Parameters control such aspects as page size data transmission speed and timing options port A location for passing data in and out of a device and in some cases for attaching other devices or cables port number A number that identifies a TCP IP based service Telnet for example is identified with TCP port 23 POTS plain old telephone service Ord
44. s LAN interface is 100 1 1 2 and the local host wants to access a host on the Internet with the address of 100 1 1 8 the Netopia R9100 has no way of Knowing that the 200 1 1 8 address is actually on the Internet and not on its local LAN interface since the local LAN interface is assigned the IP address range of 200 1 1 1 to 200 1 1 14 Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C 7 Configuration Network Address Translation is enabled by default with the SmartStart configuration utility You can toggle Address Translation Enabled to No or Yes in the WAN Ethernet Configuration screen in WAN Configuration under the Main Menu An example of enabling NAT is as follows WAN Ethernet Configuration Address Translation Enabled Local WAN IP Address Filter Set Remove Filter Set Receive RIP Aux Serial POrt lt Async Modem Data Rate kbps 57 6 Aux Modem Init String AT amp F amp C1 amp D2E0S0 1 Set up the basic IP attributes of your Ethernet Module in this screen Toggling Address Translation Enabled to Yes enables the Netopia R9100 to send out an all zeros IPCP address that requests an IP to be assigned to the Netopia R9100 s WAN interface Note that the remote IP address is 127 0 0 2 which should also be the default gateway under IP Setup in System Configuration This is done for profile matching purposes and because the IP address of the router the Netopia R9100 is dialing is not always known As mentioned earlier in this
45. s Reference Guide Add Packet Filter Set Filter Set Name Show Filters Change Action on Match Append Filter Remove Filter ADD FILTER SET NOW CANCEL Configure an IPX Filter Set here You must ADD FILTER SET NOW to save Follow these steps to configure the new packet filter set 1 Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter set 2 To change the forwarding action of filters in the filter set select Show Filters Change Action on Match and press Return The Show Filters Change Actions on Match screen appears Show Filters Change Actions on Match Filter Name Forward Filter 1 No Filter 2 No lt lt NO MATCH gt gt Set whether filters forward or drop matching packets here Select a filter and toggle the packet forwarding action to Yes pass or No discard Security 13 25 3 To add a filter to the filter set select Append Filter to display a table of filters Select a filter from the table and press Return to add it to the filter set The default action of newly added filters is to not forward packets that match their criteria To exit the table without adding the filter press Escape 4 To remove a filter from the filter set select Remove Filter to display a table of appended filters Select a filter from the table and press Return to remove it from the set To exit the table without removing the filter press Escape 5 Select ADD FILTER SET NOW to save the current filter
46. select the event and then press Return A dialog box containing more information about the selected event will appear Press Return or Escape to dismiss the dialog box To clear the event history select Clear History at the bottom of the history screen and press Return Monitoring Tools 12 7 Device Event History The Device Event History screen lists a total of 128 port and system events giving the time and date for each event as well as a brief description The most recent events appear at the top In the Statistics amp Logs screen select Device Event History The Device Event History screen appears Device Event History Current Date 12 11 98 12 26 39 PM SCROLL UP 08711798 WASE Telnet connection up address 163 176 8 134 08 11 98 25 05 IP address server configuration error server 08 11 98 125105 IP Route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not installed 08 11 98 25 05 BOOT Warm start v4 3 08 11 98 19 17 IP address server configuration error server 08 11 98 1 19 17 IP Route 0 0 0 0 0 060 0 not installed 08 11 98 19 17 BO T Warm Start v4 3 08 11 98 18 15 IP address server configuration error server 08 11 98 1 18 15 IP Route 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 not installed 08 11 98 18 15 BOOT Warm start v4 3 08 11 98 7 16 34 Telnet connection up address 163 176 8 134 08 11 98 1 5754 IP address server initialization complete 08 11 98 15 54 IP Route 0 0 040 0 0 0 0 not installed 08 11 98 Le BOOT Warm start v4 3 Clear His
47. serial port A connector on the back of the workstation through which data flows to and from a serial device server A device or system that has been specifically configured to provide a service usually to a group of clients SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol A protocol used for communication between management consoles and network devices The Netopia ISDN Router can be managed through SNMP soft seeding A router setting In soft seeding if a router that has just been reset detects a network number or zone name conflict between its configured information for a particular port and the information provided by another router connected to that port it updates its configuration using the information provided by the other router See also hard seeding non seeding seeding and seed router Subnet A network address created by using a subnet mask to specify that a number of bits in an internet address will be used as a Subnet number rather than a host address Subnet mask A 32 bit number to specify which part of an internet address is the network number and which part is the host address When written in binary notation each bit written as 1 corresponds to 1 bit of network address information One subnet mask applies to all IP devices on an individual IP network TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol An open network standard that defines how devices from different manufacturers communicate with each other over one
48. some important attributes of these types of Ethernet Attribute EtherWave 10Base T Max length of backbone branch or end to end cable 330 feet 330 feet length 100 meters 100 meters Twisted pair Twisted pair SAS 10Base T 10Base T Netopia R9100 port used Ethernet Ethernet Maximum 8 Other restrictions devices daisy chained No daisy chain 10Base T You can connect a standard 10Base T Ethernet network to the Netopia R9100 using any of its available Ethernet ports Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel Line 1 port Crossover switch Auxiliary port Power port 8 port Ethernet hub Console port 4 6 User s Reference Guide The Netopia R9100 in a 10Base T network To connect your 10Base T network to the Netopia R9100 through an Ethernet port use a 10Base T cable with RJ 45 connectors If you have more than eight devices to connect you can attach additional devices using either a 10Base T hub or an EtherWave daisy chain or some combination of both If you add devices connected through a hub connect the hub to Ethernet port number 1 on the Netopia R9100 and set the Normal Uplink switch to Uplink When there are no more free ports on the 10Base T hub the network can be extended using EtherWave a daisy chainable solution from Farallon Ethernet LaserWriter EtherWave EtherWave ISA Card NuBus Card EtherWave EtherWave Printer Adapter Transceiver
49. statistics 124 trusted host 13 19 trusted subnet 13 19 tunneling 11 3 U updating firmware router 14 7 with TFTP 14 7 with XMODEM 14 10 uploading configuration files 14 9 with TFTP 14 9 with XMODEM 14 11 user accounts 13 1 utilities and diagnostics 14 1 W WAN configuration 9 3 event history 12 6 Statistics 12 4 WAN event history 12 6 Windows 95 SmartStart 5 3 X XMODEM 14 9 XMODEM file transfers downloading configuration files 14 11 updating firmware 14 10 uploading configuration files 14 11 Z zone name 12 9 Index 6 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies 1 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies Netopia warrants to you the end user that the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router the Product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of one 1 year from date of purchase Netopia s entire liability and your sole remedy under this warranty during the warranty period is that Netopia Shall at its sole option either repair or replace the Product In order to make a claim under this warranty you must comply with the following procedure 1 Contact Netopia Customer Service within the warranty period to obtain a Return Materials Authorization RMA number 2 Return the defective Product and proof of purchase shipping prepaid to Netopia with the RMA number prominently displayed on the outside of the package If you are located outside of the United State
50. that can be sent in a given amount of time BAP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol Protocol that manages the dynamic bandwidth allocation of implementations supporting the PPP Multilink protocol This is done by defining the Bandwidth Allocation Protocol BAP as well as its associated control protocol the Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol BACP BAP can be used to manage the number of links in a multilink bundle baud rate The rate of the signaling speed of a transmission medium bit A binary digit the smallest unit of data in the binary counting system A bit has a value of either 0 or 1 bits per second bps A measure of the actual data transmission rate The bps rate may be equal to or greater than the baud rate depending on the modulation technique used to encode bits into each baud Interval The correct term to use when describing modem data transfer speeds bps See bits per second branch A length of cable in a star network that goes from the center of the star to a wall jack broadcast A network transaction that sends data to all hosts connected to the network burstiness Data that uses bandwidth only sporadically that is information that does not use the total bandwidth of a circuit 100 percent of the time During pauses channels are idle and no traffic flows across them in either direction Interactive and LAN to LAN data is bursty in nature because it is sent intermittently and in between data transmission the channel
51. the file you will download The name of the file is available from the site where the server is located You may need to enter a file path along with the file name for example bigroot config myfile Utilities and Diagnostics 14 9 m Select GET CONFIG FROM SERVER and press Return You will see the following dialog box Are you sure you want to read the configuration now The device will reset when the transfer is complete CANCEL CONTINUE m Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new configuration into effect m If you choose to download the configuration file the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Config The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Uploading configuration files Using TFTP you can send a file containing a snapshot of the router s current configuration to a TFTP server The file can then be downloaded by a different Netopia R9100 unit to configure its parameters see Downloading configuration filles on page 14 8 This is useful for configuring a number of routers with identical parameters or just for creating configuration backup files Uploading a file can also be useful for troubleshooting purposes The uploaded configuration file can be tested on a different Netopia R9100 unit by Netopia or your network administrator To upl
52. the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area Is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Service requirements In the event of equipment malfunction all repairs should be performed by our Company or an authorized agent Under FCC rules no customer is authorized to repair this equipment This restriction applies regardless of whether the equipment is in or our of warranty It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents Service can be obtained at Netopia Inc 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda California 94501 F 4 User s Reference Guide Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shi
53. you to change the UDP TCP port on both the server and client With two different UDP TCP ports exported you can have Web servers on two different IP hosts 9 6 User s Reference Guide IP setup Network System Protocols IP Setup nee Setup seu The IP Setup options screen is where you configure the Ethernet side of the Netopia R9100 The information you enter here controls how the router routes IP traffic Consult your network administrator or Internet service provider to obtain the IP setup information such as the Ethernet IP address Ethernet subnet mask default IP gateway and Primary Domain Name Server IP address you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen Changes made in this screen will take effect only after the Netopia R9100 is reset To go to the IP Setup options screen from the Main Menu select System Configuration then Network Protocols Setup and then IP Setup The IP Setup screen appears Ethernet IP Address 117 162 Ethernet Subnet Mask 255 0 Define Additional Subnets Default IP Gateway Paes reo Primary Domain Name Server Secondary Domain Name Server Domain Name Receive RIP Both Transmit RIP v2 multicast Static Routes Address Serving Setup Exported Services Filter Sets Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form XXX XXX XXX XXX Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen Follow these steps to configure IP Setup for
54. your network requires 802 3 IP framing you must configure this through SNMP B 14 User s Reference Guide Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C 1 Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior This appendix describes how Network Address Translation NAT works within the Netopia R9100 The Netopia R9100 implements a powerful feature called Network Address Translation as specified in RFC 1631 NAT is used for IP address conservation and for security purposes since there will only be a single IP presence on the WAN This appendix describes the NAT functionality within the Netopia R9100 and provides examples for setup and use Network configuration Below is a diagram of the network referenced in this appendix ISP Network Customer Site IP 200 1 1 1 Netopia Router Netopia Router Mask 255 255 255 0 Mask 255 255 255 240 MAC 00 00 c5 60 21 0a MAC 00 00 c5 60 21 0a Router Netopia Workstation A IP 192 168 5 2 Mask 255 255 255 240 Internet MAC 00 05 02 04 12 4f WWW Server Workstation B IP 163 176 4 32 IP 192 168 5 3 Mask 255 255 255 0 Mask 255 255 255 240 MAC 00 05 02 0c 1b 41 MAC 00 05 02 00 1e 03 Background NAT is a mechanism employed within the Netopia R9100 to acquire a statically or dynamically assigned IP address on its WAN interface and proxy against locally assigned IP addresses on its LAN interface The Netopia R9100 uses a one to many IP address mapping scheme that is against a single IP ad
55. 0 re WWW to ISP Router ISP Router to Netopia Netopia to Wksin A Src IP 163 176 4 32 Src IP 163 176 4 32 Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 200 1 1 40 Dst IP 200 1 1 40 Dst IP 192 168 5 2 Src Port 80 Src Port 80 Src Port 80 Dst Port 5001 Dst Port 5001 Dst Port 400 As you can see the IP packet from Workstation A is sent to the Netopia R9100 and the source IP address is Substituted with 200 1 1 40 and the source port is substituted with 5001 then the IP packet checksum is recalculated When this modified packet reaches the WWW server on the Internet the WWW server responds and sends the IP packet back to destination IP address 200 1 1 40 and destination port 5001 When the Netopia R9100 receives this IP packet from the WWW server the Netopia R9100 replaces the destination IP address with 192 168 5 2 the address for Workstation A The port is changed back to 400 the IP packet checksum Is recalculated and the IP packet is sent to Workstation A on the Netopia R9100s LAN interface C 4 User s Reference Guide The reasons for the IP address changes are obvious from the preceding diagram but what is not so obvious is why the TCP or UDP source ports need to be changed as well These are changed and maintained in an internal table so the Netopia R9100 can determine which host on the local LAN interface sent the IP packet and what host the response from the WAN interface is going to go to on the LAN interface This becomes especially important whe
56. 00 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input Output System It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with specific hardware NetBIOS has been adopted as an industry Standard It offers LAN applications a variety of hooks to carry out inter application communications and data transfer Essentially NetBIOS is a way for application programs to talk to the network To run an application that works with NetBIOS a non IBM network operating system or network interface card must offer a NetBIOS emulator Many vendors either provide a version of NetBIOS to interface with their hardware or emulate its transport layer communications services in their network products A NetBIOS emulator is a program provided by NetWare clients that allow workstations to run applications that support IBM s NetBIOS calls m Select DHCP NetBios Options and press Return The DHCP NetBIOS Options screen appears DHCP NetBios Options Serve NetBios Type Yes NetBios Type Type B Serve NetBios Scope No NetBios Scope Serve NetBios Name Server No NetBios Name Server IP Addr 0 0 0 0 Configure DHCP served NetBIOS options here m To serve DHCP clients with the type of NetBIOS used on your network select Serve NetBios Type and toggle it to Yes 9 22 User s Reference Guide m From the NetBios Type pop up menu select the type of NetBIOS used on your network
57. 101111 207 11001111 239 11101111 a EC Sirs fronoonn ame romeo faao nome EE EE EN EE EL ES ES Further Reading E 1 Appendix E Further Reading Alexander S amp R Droms DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions RFC 2131 Silicon Graphics Inc Bucknell University March 1997 Angell David ISDN for Dummies Foster City CA IDG Books Worldwide 1995 Thorough introduction to ISDN for beginners Apple Computer Inc AppleTalk Network System Overview Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc 1989 Apple Computer Inc Planning and Managing AppleTalk Networks Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc 1991 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADSL Forum Framing and Encapsulation Standards for ADSL Packet Mode TR 003 June 1997 Black U Data Networks Concepts Theory and Practice Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1989 Black U Physical Level Interfaces and Protocols Los Alamitos CA IEEE Computer Society Press 1988 Black Uyless Emerging Communications Technologies Englewood Cliffs NJ PTR Prentice Hall 1994 Describes how emerging communications technologies including ISDN and Frame Relay operate and where they fit in a computer communications network Bradley T C Brown amp A Malis Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay Network Working Group Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1490 July 1993 Case J D J R Davins M S Fedor and M L Schoffstall Intro
58. 2 255 255 255 0 192 128 152 162 255 25500 030200 00200 m To delete a configured subnet set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0 0 0 0 either explicitly or by clearing each field and pressing Return or Enter to commit the change When a configured subnet is deleted the values in Subsequent rows adjust up to fill the vacant fields Note that the subnets configured on this screen are tied to the address serving pools configured on the IP Address Pools screen and that changes on this screen may affect the IP Address Pools screen In particular deleting a subnet configured on this screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool if any on the IP Address Pools screen 9 12 User s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ethernet IP subnets the IP Setup screen changes slightly Subnet Configuration Default IP Gateway i are lex re lat ea Primary Domain Name Server O70 Secondary Domain Name Server 0 0 0 0 Domain Name Receive RIP Both Transmit RIP v2 multicast Static Routes Address Serving Setup Exported Services Filter Sets The IP address and Subnet mask items are hidden and the Define Additional Subnets item becomes Subnet Configuration If you select Subnet Configuration you will return to the IP Subnets screen that allows you to define IP addresses and masks for additional Ethernet IP subnets Static routes Static routes are IP routes that ar
59. 2 User s Reference Guide Before running SmartStart Be sure you have connected the cables and power source as described in Step 1 Connect the Router guide contained in your Netopia folio Before you launch the SmartStart application make sure your computer meets the following requirements Paints ystem Windows 95 98 or NT operating system MacOS 7 5 or later software Connectivity TCP IP must be installed and properly MacTCP or Open Transport TCP IP must be software configured See Configuring TCP IP on installed and properly configured See Windows 95 98 or NT computers on Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh page 5 6 computers on page 5 10 Connectivity Ethernet card 10Base T Either a built in or third party Ethernet card hardware 10Base T Browser Netscape Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer included on the Netopia CD software Required for web based registration and web based monitoring Notes e The computer running SmartStart must be on the same Ethernet cable segment as the Netopia R9100 Repeaters such as 10Base T hubs between your computer and the Netopia R9100 are acceptable but devices such as switches or other routers are not e SmartStart for the PC will set your TCP IP control panel to Obtain an IP address automatically if it is not already set this way This will cause your computer to reboot If you have a specified IP address configured in the computer you should make a note of
60. 3 ECS PS EE 255 255 255 240 11110000 Perform the logical AND ae 10110000 Logical AND result Security 13 35 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R9100 is 01100000 and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000 this rule does not match and this packet will be passed Example 4 Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 240 Source IP Mask Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 104 CE ET fo woo CT TS Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R9100 is 01100000 and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000 this rule does match and this packet will not be passed Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 255 Source IP Mask Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 96 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 96 01100000 Source address in incoming IP packet Example 5 ECS a 255 255 255 255 11111111 Perform the logical AND a 01100000 Logical AND result 13 36 User s Reference Guide Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R9100 is 01100000 and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000 this rule does match and this packet will NOT be passed This rule masks off a Single IP address Utilities and Diagnostics 14 1 Chapter 14 Utilities and Diagnostics number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and control purposes
61. 7E 192 168 1 2 via router Usable IP Addresses avail able to Customer Site A Usable IP Addresses available to Customer Site A 192 168 1 1 gt 192 168 1 126 192 168 1 1 gt 192 168 1 126 Customer Site B PC 2 P Aadress 192 168 1 130 Subnet Mask 259 255 255 128 Gateway Gateway 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 129 Usable IP Addresses available to Customer Site B 192 168 1 129 gt 192 168 1 254 Understanding IP Addressing B 5 Background The IP addresses and routing configurations for the devices shown in the diagram are outlined below In addition each individual field and its meaning are described The IP Address and Subnet Mask fields define the IP address and subnet mask of the device s Ethernet connection to the network while the Remote IP and Remote Sub fields describe the IP address and subnet mask of the remote router This information is entered in the connection profile of the Netopia R9100 The Gateway field describes the router or workstation s default gateway or where they will send their packets if the appropriate route is not known The Static Route field which is only shown on Router B tells Router B what path to take to get to the network defined by Netopia R9100 B Finally the Usable IP Address field shows the range of IP addresses available to the hosts of that network Note that the IP addresses given in this section are for example purposes only Do not use these addresses when configuring yo
62. 8 5 2 Src Port 80 Dst Port 400 As you can see when Workstation A and Workstation B transmit an IP packet to the WWW server on the Internet they have unique source IP addresses on the LAN interface but potentially the same source ports which in this case is 400 When the Netopia R9100 receives these packets the source IP addresses are Substituted with the single globally unique IP address that was acquired on the WAN interface which is 200 1 1 40 Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C 5 Now both IP packets have the exact same source IP address 200 1 1 40 and source ports 400 The Netopia R9100 is then able to distinguish between the two IP packets by changing the source TCP or UDP ports and keeping this information in an internal table As seen above the source port for Workstation A has been changed to 5001 and the source port for Workstation B has been changed to 5002 If you were to look at the internal port mapping table that is maintained by the Netopia R9100 it would look similar to the following source LAN IP source LAN Port Remapped LAN Port 192 168 5 2 TCP 400 TCP 5001 192 1684245 TCP 400 TCR S002 With this information the Netopia R9100 can determine the appropriate routing for an IP response from the Internet In this case when the WWW server responds with a destination port of 5001 the Netopia R9100 can see that this packet s destination on the local LAN interface is actually Workstation A at IP address 192
63. 9 m 4 branch passive star 1125 ft 750 ft 450 ft 343 m 229 m 137 m LocalTalk StarController 3000 ft 2000 ft 1200 ft 12 branch active star 914 m 610 m 366 m Distance isperbranch J T ooo For detailed configuration instructions see AppleTalk Setup on page 11 1 4 10 User s Reference Guide Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 1 Chapter 5 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Once you ve connected your router to your computer and your telecommunications line and installed a web browser you re ready to run the Netopia SmartStart Wizard The SmartStart Wizard will help you set up the router and share the connection The SmartStart Wizard walks you through a series of questions and based on your responses automatically configures the router for connecting your LAN to the Internet or to your remote corporate network The SmartStart Wizard will m automatically check your Windows 95 98 or NT PC s TCP IP configuration to be sure you can accept a dynamically assigned IP address and change it for you if it is not set for dynamic addressing m check the physical connection from your computer to your router without your having to enter an IP address m assign an IP address to your router This chapter covers the following topics m Before running SmartStart on page 2 m Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard on page 3 m Sharing the Connection on page 6 5
64. ANSI American National Standards Institute Devises and proposes recommendations for international communications standards See also CCITT AppleTalk A comprehensive network system designed and developed by Apple Computer Inc AppleTalk allows many different types of computer systems printers and servers to communicate on a variety of cabling schemes including LocalTalk and Ethernet cabling In this manual AppleTalk refers especially to the protocols or rule sets that govern this communication AppleTalk address A unique identifier for each device using AppleTalk that allows information to be sent and received correctly An AppleTalk address always includes a network number wherever two or more AppleTalk networks are connected together by routers AURP Apple Update based Router Protocol An enhanced AppleTalk routing protocol AURP provides improved support for AppleTalk over wide area networks WANs and tunneling through non AppleTalk IP networks AURP features include network number remapping clustering of remote network numbers and hop count reduction backbone A network topology consisting of a single length of cable with multiple network connection points bandwidth The range of frequencies expressed in Kilobits per second that can pass over a given data transmission channel within a network The bandwidth determines the rate at which information can be sent through a channel the greater the bandwidth the more information
65. Access option to No m When using AURP accept connections only from configured partners m Configure the Netopia R9100 through the serial console port to ensure that your communications cannot be intercepted User accounts When you first set up and configure the Netopia R9100 no passwords are required to access the configuration screens Anyone could tamper with the router s configuration by simply connecting it to a console However by adding user accounts you can protect the most sensitive screens from unauthorized access User accounts are composed of name password combinations that can be given to authorized users 13 2 User s Reference Guide Caution You are strongly encouraged to add protection to the configuration screens Unprotected screens could allow an unauthorized user to compromise the operation of your entire network Once user accounts are created users who attempt to access protected screens will be challenged Users who enter an incorrect name or password are returned to a screen requesting a name password combination to access the Main Menu To set up user accounts in the System Configuration screen select Security and press Return The Security Options screen appears Security Options Enable Dial in Console Access Enable SmartStart SmartView Web Server Enable Telnet Console Access Fnable Telnet Access to SNMP Screens Show Users Add User Delete User Password for This Screen 11 cha
66. B 6 Semela EE T B 7 Manually distributing IP addresses B 8 Using address Serving sssssrsrsrsrrrererrrrrsrererern B 8 Tips and rules for distributing IP addresses B 9 DIS LUS 6 Fe SUPINE E PO nn B 11 POG SEP E B 13 Packet neader 06s a aa beta B 13 Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C 1 Network configuration C 1 BACK OUN eren EAE TEETE RERNE C 1 Exported Services ccceccececeeceeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeaeeees C 5 BON ena IO EE PR bic nut pateoucsaueans C 6 Someta u DAS EE E A C 7 SA a E A E C 8 Appendix D Binary Conversion Table D 1 Appendix E Further Reading E 1 Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety Information F 1 Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cable F 1 SCH DUO aa E E OT F 2 POWER requirements diese F 2 EE aaa A ENa F 2 Sotware and Protocols nent F 3 viii User s Reference Guide COOP ONE ea en canton F 3 Regulatory DOUCES aa een F 3 Important safety instructions ccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeees F 4 GOS A a a a a eam GL 1 CLK arta eae a itn a oie a beton ta moe Index 1 Part I Getting Started User s Reference Guide Introduction 1 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Overview The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router is a full featured stand alone multiprotocol broadband router for connecting diverse local area networks LANs to the Internet and other remote networks Combining the Netopia R9100 with a cable or DSL mo
67. Company 1990 Siyan Karanjit Internet Firewall and Network Security Indianapolis IN New Riders Publishing 1995 Similar to the Chapman and Zwicky book Smith Philip Frame Relay Principles and Applications Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1996 Covers information on Frame Relay including the pros and cons of the technology description of the theory and application and an explanation of the standardization process Spragins J D et al Telecommunications Protocols and Design Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1991 Stallings W Data and Computer Communications New York NY Macmillan Publishing Company 1991 Stallings W Handbook of Computer Communications Standards Vols 1 3 Carmel IN Howard W Sams 1990 Stallings W Local Networks 3rd ed New York NY Macmillan Publishing Company 1990 Stevens W R TCP IP Illustrated Vol 1 Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1994 Sunshine C A ed Computer Network Architectures and Protocols 2nd ed New York NY Plenum Press 1989 Tannenbaum A S Computer Networks 2nd ed Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1988 Terplan K Communication Networks Management Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1992 Tsuchiya P Components of OSI IS IS Intra Domain Routing ConneXions The Interoperability Report Vol 3 No 8 August 1989 Tsuchiya P Components of OSI Routing An Overview ConneXions The Interoperability Repor
68. Easy Setup connection profile 7 5 IP setup 7 6 IPX setup 7 6 navigating 6 4 overview 7 1 quick connection path 7 3 Enabling CNA 8 8 Ethernet 4 4 Ethernet address 12 2 EtherTalk 4 4 event history device 12 7 WAN 126 exported services 9 7 F features 1 1 filter parts 13 7 parts of 13 7 filter priority 13 5 filter set adding 13 13 display 13 9 filter sets adding 13 13 defined 134 deleting 13 17 disadvantages 13 11 modifying 13 17 Sample Basic Firewall 13 17 using 13 12 viewing 13 16 filtering example 1 13 10 filters actions a filter can take 13 7 adding to a filter set 13 14 defined 13 4 deleting 13 16 disadvantages of 13 11 input 13 14 modifying 13 16 output 13 14 using 13 12 viewing 13 16 firewall 13 17 firmware files updating with TFTP 14 7 updating with XMODEM 14 10 FTP sessions 13 20 further reading E 1 G general statistics 124 Glossary GL 1 H hard seeding 11 3 hops 12 9 how to reach us A4 input filter 3 13 18 input filters 1 and 2 13 18 input filters 4 and 5 13 18 Internet addresses see IP addresses Internet Protocol IP 9 1 Internetwork Packet Exchange IPX 10 1 IP address serving 9 16 IP addresses B 1 about B 1 distributing B 5 distribution rules B 10 Static B 8 IP setup 9 6 IP trap receivers deleting 12 15 modifying 12 15 setting 12 15 viewing 12 15 Index 3 IPX packet filter sets 13 23 IPX packet filters 13 22 IPX SAP Bindery Table 10 5 IPX SAP filters 13 25 IPX
69. IPX SAP Filter Set in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen The Add SAP Filter Set screen appears Add SAP Filter Set Filter Set Name Show Filters Change Action on Match Append Filter Remove Filter ADD FILTER SET NOW CANCEL Configure an IPX Filter Set here You must ADD FILTER SET NOW to save Follow these steps to configure the new SAP filter set 1 Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter set 2 To change the forwarding action of filters in the filter set select Show Filters Change Action on Match and press Return The Show Filters Change Actions on Match screen appears 13 28 User s Reference Guide Show Filters Change Actions on Match Filter Name Forward Filter 1 No Filter 2 No lt lt NO MATCH gt gt Set whether filters forward or drop matching packets here Select a filter and toggle the entry forwarding action to Yes pass or No discard 3 To add a filter to the filter set select Append Filter in the Add SAP Filter Set screen to display a table of filters Select a filter from the table and press Return to add it to the filter set The default action of newly added filters is to not forward discard packet entries that match their criteria To exit the table without adding the filter press Escape 4 To remove a filter from the filter set select Remove Filter in the Add SAP Filter Set screen to display a table of appended filters Select a filter from th
70. NETOPIA R9100 ETHERNET ROUTER FOR DSL AND CABLE MODEMS User s Reference Guide Sse rogoooo000 LOT Hp ee eee Copyright 1997 98 Netopia Inc v 0300 All rights reserved Printed in the U S A This manual and any associated artwork software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied in whole or part without the prior written consent of Netopia Inc Under the law copying includes translation to another language or format Netopia Inc 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda CA 94501 1010 U S A Patents PhoneNET technology contained in Netopia is covered by U S Patent Numbers 4 901 342 and 5 003 579 Other U S and foreign patents are pending Part Number For additional copies of this electronic manual order Netopia part number 6120339 PF 03 Printed Copies For printed copies of this manual order Netopia part number TER9100 Doc P N 6120339 0002 Contents Welcome to the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router User s Reference Guide This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router It is intended to be viewed on line using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures descri
71. Netopia R9100 then looks at the internal user defined exported services table and finds that any incoming IP traffic from the WAN port with a destination of port 21 FTP should be redirected to the IP address of 192 168 5 3 on the local LAN interface which in this case is Workstation B Once the appropriate exported services are defined there can be seamless communication between a host on the Internet and a host on the Netopia R9100 s local LAN interface Important notes Even with the advantages of NAT there are several things you should note carefully There is no formally agreed upon method among router vendors for handling an all zeros IPCP request The majority of router vendors use the all zeros IPCP request to determine when a dial in host wants to be assigned an IP address Some vendors however attempt to negotiate and establish routing with an all zeros IP address The Netopia R9100 will not allow routing to be established with an all zeros IP address and the call will be dropped with an error logged in the Device Event History When using NAT it is most likely that the Netopia R9100 will be receiving an IP address from a pool of dynamic IP addresses at the ISP This means that the Netopia R9100 s IP presence on the Internet will change with each connection This can potentially cause problems with devices on the Internet attempting to access services like WWW and FTP servers or AURP partners on the Netopia R9100 s local LAN in
72. P uses packets or formatted chunks of data to communicate Note This guide uses the term IP in a very general and inclusive way to identify all of the following m Networks that use the Internet Protocol along with accompanying protocols such as TCP UDP and ICMP m Packets that include an IP header within their structure m Devices that send IP packets About IP addressing Every networking protocol uses some form of addressing in order to ensure that packets are delivered correctly In IP individual network devices that are initial sources and final destinations of packets are usually called hosts instead of nodes but the two terms are interchangeable Each host on an IP network must have a unique IP address An IP address also called an Internet address is a 32 bit number usually expressed as four decimal numbers separated by periods Each decimal number in an IP address represents a 1 byte 8 bit binary number Thus values for each of the four numbers range from 00000000 to 11111111 In binary notation or from 0 to 255 in decimal notation The expression 192 168 1 1 is a typical example of an IP address B 2 User s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the Identity of the individual host on the network The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can vary as long as certain rules are followed The local network manager assigns IP host n
73. RMATION AND THE LIKE ARISING OUT THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT EVEN IF NETOPIA OR ITS LICENSOR S HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES BECAUSE SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ACTUAL DAMAGES FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION WHETHER IN CONTRACT TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE WILL BE LIMITED TO 50 v 0300 User s Reference Guide
74. See Downloading configuration files above This is useful for configuring a number of routers with identical parameters or for creating configuration backup files Uploading a file can also be useful for troubleshooting purposes The uploaded configuration file can be tested on a different Netopia R9100 by Netopia or your network administrator 14 12 User s Reference Guide The procedure below applies whether you are using the console or the WAN interface To upload a configuration file 1 2 Decide on a name for the file and a path for saving it Select Receive Config from Netopia and press Return The following dialog box appears Are you sure you want to save your current Netopia configuration If so when you hit Return Enter on the CONTINUE button you will have 10 seconds to begin the transfer from your terminal program CANCEL CONTINUE Select CANCEL to exit without uploading the file or select CONTINUE to upload the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again Restarting the system You can restart the system by selecting the Restart System item in the Utilities amp Diagnostics screen You must restart the system whene
75. SmartStart asks you to choose between entering the router s current IP address and assigning an IP address to the router Router IP Address Click on the appropriate choice below know my router s current IP address don t know my router s IP address or want to assign a new IP address If the router has already been assigned an IP address select the first radio button If you do this the Known IP Address screen appears Shown below If you want to reconfigure the router with a new IP address and subnet mask select the second radio button If you do this the New IP Address screen on page 5 6 appears lt Back Qut Hep When you have done this click Next 5 6 User s Reference Guide Known IP Address screen SmartStart displays a recommended address for the router based on the IP address of the computer Known IP Address Modify the IP address below if it differs from that of your previously customized router then click Next to el If you know the router has an IP address different from IP Address the default value enter it now Otherwise accept the g EE recommended address When you have done this click Next TT SmartStart tests the connection to your router SmartStart then returns you to an Additional Configuration screen on page 5 5 New IP Address screen If you want to change the router s IP address you enter the new IP address the subnet
76. Subnet or a host address Select Dest IP Address Mask and enter a mask for the destination IP address This allows you to further modify the way the filter will match on the destination address Enter 0 0 0 0 to force the filter to match on all destination IP addresses Select Protocol Type and enter ICMP TCP UDP Any or the number of another IP transport protocol see the table on page 13 9 Note If Protocol Type is set to TCP or UDP the settings for port comparison that you configure in steps 8 and 9 will appear These settings only take effect if the Protocol Type is TCP or UDP Select Source Port Compare and choose a comparison method for the filter to use on a packet s source port number Then select Source Port ID and enter the actual source port number to match on see the table on page 13 8 Select Dest Port Compare and choose a comparison method for the filter to use on a packet s destination port number Then select Dest Port ID and enter the actual destination port number to match on see the table on page 13 8 13 16 User s Reference Guide 10 When you are finished configuring the filter select ADD THIS FILTER NOW to save the filter in the filter set Select CANCEL to discard the filter and return to the Add IP Filter Set screen Viewing filters To display a view only table of input output filters select Display Change Input Filter or Display Change Output Filter in the Add IP Filter Set screen Modifying
77. a secondary domain name server address enter it here Press Return until the next field Default IP Gateway is highlighted Enter the Default IP Gateway address your ISP gave you Press Return Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN Press Return Do this again through the next two screens until you reach RESTART DEVICE When RESTART DEVICE is highlighted press Return When prompted select CONTINUE and press Return The router will restart and your configuration settings will be activated You can then Exit or Quit your Telnet application For more Easy Setup options see More Easy Setup options on page 75 Easy Setup 7 5 More Easy Setup options You always begin Easy Setup by selecting Easy Setup in the Main Menu then pressing Return The WAN Ethernet Configuration screen appears WAN Ethernet Configuration Address Translation Enabled Local WAN IP Address TO MAIN MENU NEXT SCREEN Set up the basic IP attributes of your Ethernet Module in this screen WAN Ethernet Configuration The WAN Ethernet Configuration screen is where you configure the parameters that control the Netopia R9100 s connection to a specific remote destination usually your ISP or a corporate site 1 To enable address translation toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes the default For more information on Network Address Translation see Chapter 9 IP Setup and Network Address Translation on page 9 1 Address
78. ab Click Obtain an IP Address automatically TCP IP is the protocol you use to connect to the Internet and wide area networks 3 Click on the DNS Configuration tab Click Disable DNS DNS will be assigned by the router with DHCP 4 Click OK tn this window and the next window When prompted reboot the computer Cancel Network ea Ea TCP IP Properties 24x DNS Configuration IP Address Advanced WINS Configuration Bindings Gateway n IP address can be automatically asgaffed this computer If your network does not automabedfly assign IP addresses ask your network administratorjer n address and then type it in the space below Obtain an IP address automaticall Specify an IP address IR L adresse 192 168 1 2 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 207 crea TCP IP Properties HE Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address Bindings Advanced DNS Configuration Disable DNS Enable DNS Host DNG Sever Search Arder Domat Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia R9100 5 8 User s Reference Guide Static configuration optional If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP address perform the following 1 Go to Start Menu Settings Control Panels and double click the Network icon From the Network components
79. address server and or the clients have participated in address serving transactions different rules apply m When requesting an address a client will often suggest an address to be assigned such as the one it was last served The Netopia R9100 will attempt to honor this request if the address is available The client Stores this address in non volatile storage for example on disk and the specific storage method location differs depending on the client operating system mw When requesting an address a client may provide a client identifier or if it does not the Netopia R9100 may construct a pseudo client identifier for the client When the client subsequently requests an address the Netopia R9100 will attempt to serve the address previously associated with the client identifier This is normally the last address served to the client m Otherwise the Netopia will select the least recently used available address starting from the first address in the first pool and ending with the last address in the last pool Note that the address serving pools on this screen are tied to the IP subnets configured on the IP Subnets screen Changes to the IP Subnets screen may affect this one In particular deleting a subnet on the IP Subnets screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool if any on this screen IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 21 DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS you can enable the Netopia R91
80. agnostic screen select Ping and press Return The ICMP Ping screen appears Name of Host to Ping Packets to Send Data Size Delay seconds START PING Status Packets Out Packets In Packets Lost 05 Round Trip Time Min Max Avg 000 0 000 0 000 secs Enter the IP Address Domain Name of a host to Send ICMP Echo Requests to a network host To configure and initiate a Ping test follow these steps 1 2 Select Name of Host to Ping and enter the destination domain name or IP address Select Packets to Send to change the default setting This is the total number of packets to be sent during the Ping test The default setting is adequate in most cases but you can change it to any value from 1 to 4 294 967 295 Select Data Size to change the default setting This is the size in bytes of each Ping packet sent The default setting is adequate in most cases but you can change it to any value from 0 only header data to 1664 Select Delay seconds to change the default setting The delay in seconds determines the time between Ping packets sent The default setting is adequate in most cases but you can change it to any value from 0 to 4 294 967 A delay of 0 seconds forces packets to be sent immediately one after another Select START PING and press Return to begin the Ping test While the test is running the START PING item becomes STOP PING To manually stop the Ping test select STOP PING and press Retu
81. an ca bo ut 10 1 Internetwork Packet Exchange IPX 10 1 AP Ol es apenas a io ann 10 2 SR a E E E A renee 10 2 Routing Information Protocol RIP 10 2 Service Advertising Protocol SAP 10 2 PAD a A 10 3 O Spoo I oap ed 10 3 PA SCIU SCIO N orriren A rE TETA 10 3 leE EEE A AE E 10 5 Chapter 11 AppleTalk Setup 11 1 ADDIG TAIK MEN S danse O ENE Ens rinki 11 1 Apple Talk DFOLOCDI silica ctrrndeetannesieeerntatoviens 11 1 ee T 11 3 PUR avers verbose A S ever reins eas 11 3 Routers AUS ST adasnr 11 3 installing Apple TOR den am unsrhann 11 4 SOA ITA PODS OR at ie un 11 6 EtnerlalKk SEtUD PP brite 11 6 Eoc ME S E o EE EEEE 11 7 AURP SCUD rniissriisisnei ho 11 8 Chapter 12 Monitoring Tools 12 1 Quick View status overview 12 1 General STATUS cxsiniivarecsonianitonnredsstanandaravuteasens 12 2 aE LE AS tais iaeo Aan an EE Rii 12 2 SOUS UCE e LOOS rerperr ei Ei 12 3 General Stals UCS PR eioi 12 4 EVENT See nina nai atome 12 5 Routing tables sinistres damier 12 7 Served IP Addresses sise 12 10 Contents V OO OR ae me una 12 12 SA LE A 12 12 The SNMP Setup screen 12 13 SUL RAR a in nc 12 14 SAS RATES aaa a A 12 16 SmartView OVEIVIEW sirciticnmisiecramisersntnacwana 12 16 Navigating SAT VIENS eme noansnneon 12 16 General Machine information page 12 17 EVENEMISIONV DATES sm anneren 12 17 Standard HTML web based monitoring pages
82. appendix NAT works well for IP sessions originated on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface destined for the Internet without any additional configuration For incoming IP connections from the Internet to a host on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface exported services need to be used C 8 User s Reference Guide Exported services are configured under IP Setup in System Configuration This is where a particular type of TCP or UDP service originating from the Internet is redirected to a host on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface An example of this screen follows Add Exported Service Service Local Server s IP Address ADD EXPORT NOW Within exported services is a pop up list of well known TCP and UDP services that can be redirected to a single host on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface There is also an Other option that allows for manual configuration of additional TCP or UDP ports There can be a total of 32 exported services that can be defined When a particular type of service is redirected to an IP address that service is removed from the pop up list Since only one type of service can be redirected to a single host However several different types of services can be redirected to a single or multiple hosts For example port 80 WWW server could be redirected to 192 168 5 3 on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface and port 23 Telnet can be redirected to that same host Summary NAT is a powerful feature of the Neto
83. ard mask that is it uses subnetting the only way for it to successfully connect to the Netopia Router is by matching a connection profile In other words you will have to set up a connection profile for that network If Must Match a Defined Profile is set to No you can also set the following parameters for accepted calls that do not match a connection profile Call acceptance scenarios The following are a few common call acceptance scenarios and information on how to configure the Netopia R9100 for those purposes m To accept all calls regardless of whether they match a connection profile m Toggle Must Match a Defined Profile to No m To only accept calls that match a connection profile through use of a name and password or secret m Toggle Must Match a Defined Profile to Yes and m Set Authentication to PAP or CHAP Note The authentication method you choose determines which connection profiles are accessible to callers For example if you choose PAP callers using CHAP or no authentication will be dropped by the answer profile m To allow calls that only match a connection profile s remote IP and or IPX address Toggle Must Match a Defined Profile to Yes and m set Authentication to None System configuration screens You can connect to the Netopia R9100 s system configuration screens in either of two ways m Byusing Telnet with the Router s Ethernet port IP address m Through the console port using a local terminal s
84. asses all outgoing traffic to make sure that no outgoing connections from the LAN are blocked Security 13 19 Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that want to access servers on the WAN but not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN Basic Firewall s general strategy is to explicitly pass WAN originated TCP and UDP traffic to ports greater than 1023 Ports lower than 1024 are the service Origination ports for various Internet services such as FTP Telnet and the World Wide Web WWW A more complicated filter set would be required to provide WAN access to a LAN based server See the next section Possible modifications for ways to allow remote hosts to use services provided by servers on the LAN Possible modifications You can modify the sample filter set Basic Firewall to allow incoming traffic using the examples below These modifications are not intended to be combined Each modification is to be the only one used with Basic Firewall The results of combining filter set modifications can be difficult to predict It is recommended that you take Special care if you are making more than one modification to the sample filter set Trusted host To allow unlimited access by a trusted remote host with the IP address a b c d corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 243 insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Fo
85. ater Than or Equal Matches the port or any port greater Greater Than Matches anything greater than the port defined Example network DATA Incoming Packet Filter IP 200 1 1 7 Example filters Filter Rule 200 1 1 0 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 128 Source IP Mask Example 1 Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 28 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 28 00011100 Source address in incoming IP packet w PS 255 255 255 128 10000000 Perform the logical AND Gg 00000000 Logical AND result 13 34 User s Reference Guide This incoming IP packet has a source IP address that matches the network address in the Source IP Address field 00000000 in the Netopia R9100 This will not forward this packet Example 2 Filter Rule 200 1 1 0 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 128 Source IP Mask Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 184 CE ET fT woo es Jupe This incoming IP packet 10000000 has a source IP address that does not match the network address in the Source IP Address field 00000000 in the Netopia R9100 This rule will forward this packet because the packet does not match Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address gt 255 255 255 240 Source IP Mask Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 184 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 184 10111000 Source address in incoming IP packet Example
86. back to the beginning See below for a further explanation and an example m The network address issued by an ISP cannot be used as a host address A DHCP example Suppose for example that your ISP gave your network the IP address 199 1 1 32 and a 4 bit subnet mask Address 199 1 1 32 is reserved as the network address Address 199 1 1 47 is reserved as the broadcast address This leaves 14 addresses to allocate from 199 1 1 33 through 199 1 1 46 If you want to allocate a sub block of 10 addresses using DHCP enter 10 in the DHCP Setup screen s Number of Addresses to Allocate item Then in the same screen s First Address item enter the first address in the sub block to allocate so that all 10 addresses are within your original block You could enter 199 1 1 33 or 199 1 1 37 or any address between them Note that if you entered 199 1 1 42 as the first address network routing errors would probably result because you would be using a range with addresses that do not belong to your network 199 1 1 49 199 1 1 50 and 199 1 1 51 Understanding IP Addressing B 11 Nested IP subnets Under certain circumstances you may want to create remote subnets from the limited number of IP addresses issued by your ISP or other authority You can do this using connection profiles These subnets can be nested within the range of IP addresses available to your network For example suppose that you obtain the Class C network address a b c 0 to be dis
87. bed and find useful information about the procedure you are performing This Table of Contents page you are viewing consists of hypertext links to the chapters and headings listed If you are viewing this on line just click any link below to go to that heading Part Getting Started Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 E a ton 1 1 Features and capabilities cccccccecseceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 1 1 How to use this guide semi miens 1 2 Chapter 2 Setting Up Internet Services cece eee ees 2 1 Finding an Internet service provider 2 1 Unique requirements ccecceccecseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 2 1 Pricing and SUPPORT tance 2 1 ENdOrSEMEN S na sacs 2 2 Deciding on an ISP ACCOUN tea men 2 2 Setting up an account using a Netopia R9100 2 2 Obtaining an IP address 2 2 O GIP a den mas 2 2 Obtaining information from the ISP 2 2 Local LAN IP address information to obtain 2 3 Chapter 3 Making the Physical Connections 3 1 FAG ETES Le EU 3 1 VTA VO WG oO a ia ut 3 2 Identify the connectors and attach the cables 3 2 Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel ports 3 3 Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router status lights 0 3 4 Chapter 4 Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 1 PS a a ed at ati 4 1 MENON MOOC nepasin eh in 4 2 Readying computers on your local network 44 ji User s Reference Guide Connecti
88. ble One entry points to the subnet a b c 128 while a second entry points to the subnet a b c 248 The IP routing table might look similar to the following IP Routing Table SCROLL UP 00 a b c 1 WAN Management Zoek e200 Le ee OL ol 6423 Local DODO OA Da LIZ ae Deel Zo WAN SAS Local 259 2094255 248 4 b 0C 2468 WAN UPDATE Let s see how a packet from the Internet gets routed to the host with IP address a b c 249 which is served by Router C The packet first arrives at Router A which delivers it to its local network a b c 0 The packet is then received by the Netopia R9100 which examines its destination IP address The Netopia R9100 compares the packet s destination IP address with the routes in its IP routing table It begins with the route at the bottom of the list and works up until there s a match or the route to the default gateway Is reached When a b c 249 is masked by the first route s subnet mask it yields a b c 248 which matches the network address in the route The Netopia R9100 uses the connection profile associated with the route to connect to Router C and then forwards the packet Router C delivers the packet to the host on its local network Understanding IP Addressing B 13 The following diagram illustrates the IP address space taken up by the two remote IP subnets You can see from the diagram why the term nested is appropriate for describing these subnets Address range available to a b c 0 less t
89. can use the Network Address Translation and DHCP features of SmartlP If some or all of your networked computers require simultaneous Internet access and you don t want to use DHCP obtain a block of IP host addresses large enough for each computer to have its own address plus one for the Netopia R9100 SmartiP The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router supports the SmartIP feature which includes Network Address Translation Network Address Translation provides Internet access to the network connected to the Netopia R9100 using only a single IP address These routers translate between the internal or local area network LAN addresses and a single external IP address and route accordingly For more information on Network Address Translation see Chapter 9 IP Setup and Network Address Translation Obtaining information from the ISP After your account is set up the ISP should send you the IP parameter information that will help you configure the Netopia R9100 Setting Up Internet Services 2 3 Local LAN IP address information to obtain Your ISP will need to provide you with the following information m The default gateway IP address m Remote IP address m Local WAN IP address and subnet mask m Primary and secondary domain name server DNS IP addresses m Domain name usually the same as the ISP s domain name unless you have registered for your own individual domain name Refer to the section Quick Easy Setup connectio
90. chnical support Before contacting Netopia Look in this guide for a solution to your problem You may find a solution in this troubleshooting appendix or in other sections Check the index for a reference to the topic of concern If you cannot find a solution complete the environment profile below before contacting Netopia technical support Environment profile m Locate the Netopia R9100 s model number product serial number and firmware version The serial number is on the bottom of the router along with the model number The firmware version appears in the Netopia R9100 s Main Menu screen Model number Serial number Firmware version m What kind of local network s do you have with how many devices Ethernet LocalTalk EtherTalk TCP IP IPX Other How to reach us We can help you with your problem more effectively if you have completed the environment profile in the previous section If you contact us by telephone please be ready to supply Netopia Technical Support with the information you used to configure the Netopia R9100 Also please be at the site of the problem and prepared to reproduce it and to try some troubleshooting steps When you are prepared contact Netopia Customer Service by e mail telephone fax or post Internet techsports netopia com for technical support info netopia com for general information Phone 1 800 782 6449 Fax 1 510 814 5023 Netopia Inc Customer Service 2470 Mariner Square
91. cket 1 host lt a receive return Ping packet 1 send Ping packet 2 Netopia receive Ping packet 2 receive return Ping packet 2 send return Ping packet 3 pu receive return Ping packet 3 14 4 User s Reference Guide Packets Lost The number of packets unaccounted for shown in total and as a percentage of total packets sent This statistic may be updated during the Ping test and may not be accurate until after the test is over However if an escalating one to one correspondence is seen between Packets Out and Packets Lost and Packets In is noticeably lagging behind Packets Out the destination is probably unreachable In this case use STOP PING Round Trip Time Min Max Avg Statistics showing the minimum maximum and average number of seconds elapsing between the time each Ping packet was sent and the time its corresponding return Ping packet was received The time tolive TTL value for each Ping packet sent by the Netopia R9100 is 255 the maximum allowed The TTL value defines the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped and a destination unreachable notification is returned to the sender see the table on the previous page This ensures that no infinite routing loops occur The TTL value can be set and retrieved using the SNMP MIB I ip group s ipDefaultTTL object Trace Route You can count the number of routers between your Netopia Router and a given
92. computer to the router was not successful verify that the following conditions are in effect m The Netopia R9100 is turned on m An Ethernet cable connects your PC s Ethernet card or built in Ethernet port to the Netopia R9100 m The SmartStart application is running and able to access the Netopia R9100 m Telnet is available on your PC or Macintosh On a PC it must be specified in your system path You can usually find the application as c windows telnet exe m Your PC or Macintosh is properly configured for TCP IP m Your PC or Macintosh has an IP address m Your PC or Macintosh has a subnet mask that matches or is compatible with the Netopia R9100 s subnet mask A 2 User s Reference Guide Note If you are attempting to modify the IP address or subnet mask from a previous successful configuration attempt you will need to clear the IP address or reset your Netopia R9100 to the factory default before reinitiating the configuration process For further information on resetting your Netopia R9100 to factory default see Factory defaults on page 14 6 Console connection problems Can t see the configuration screens nothing appears m Make sure the cable connection from the Netopia R9100 s console port to the computer being used as a console is securely connected m Make sure the terminal emulation software is accessing the correct port on the computer that s being used as a console m Try pressing Ctrl L
93. computers on your network your application compiles a list of all node names and addresses All you see are the names for example Paul sMac TechSportsWriter or 2nd Floor AppleShare but your application also knows the node addresses of all these devices When you send information commands or requests to a printer server or another workstation your application formats the information into units known as packets It then attaches the correct address to the packets and sends them to the AppleTalk software on your computer which forwards the packets across the network Packets also include a return address so the receiver will know where to reply 11 2 User s Reference Guide If the cabling of your network were a street system then a node address would correspond to a building s street address Node addresses are not permanent Each AppleTalk device determines its node address at Startup Although a Macintosh that is starting up will try to use its previous address the address will often be different upon restart This dynamic node addressing scheme prevents conflicts when devices are moved between networks and simplifies the administrative tasks of a network If you have only one network the node address alone is all the information AppleTalk needs to send a packet from one computer to another However networks can be connected together through routers such as the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router into an Internetw
94. ct Service A pop up menu of services and ports appears Add Exported Service Service Local Server s IP Address ADD EXPORT NOW telnet smtp tftp gopher finger www http pop2 pop3 snmp timbuktu pptp LEC CANCEL 5 Select any of the services ports and press Return to associate it with the address of a server on your local area network For example if we select www http 80 press Return and type 10 0 0 2 the Netopia R9100 redirects any incoming traffic destined for a Web server to address 10 0 0 2 Some services such as Timbuktu require the export of multiple TCP ports When you associate Timbuktu with a local server or Timbuktu host all of the major Timbuktu services are exported i e Observe Control Send and Exchange Note If the TCP port of a service you want to use is not listed you can add it by selecting Other on the pop up menu 9 10 User s Reference Guide Press Escape when you are finished configuring exported services You are returned to the IP Setup screen IP Setup Ethernet IP Address 192 117 162 Ethernet Subnet Mask 2554 2990 Define Additional Subnets Default IP Gateway 192 LV Tes Primary Domain Name Server Co Secondary Domain Name Server 0 0 Domain Name Receive RIP Both Transmit RIP v2 multicast Static Routes Address Serving Setup Exported Services Filter Sets m lf you select Filter Sets you will be taken directly to the scree
95. ct it and so on Because of this hierarchical structure each filter is said to have a priority The first filter has the highest priority and the last filter has the lowest priority Security 13 7 How individual filters work As described above a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions A filter s actions m Passes the packet to the local or remote network m Blocks discards the packet m lgnores the packet A filter passes or blocks a packet only if it finds a match after applying its criteria When no match occurs the filter ignores the packet A filtering rule The criteria are based on information contained in the packets A filter is simply a rule that prescribes certain actions based on certain conditions For example the following rule qualifies as a filter Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199 211 211 17 This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199 211 211 17 If a match occurs the packet is blocked Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a filter on the Netopia R9100 To understand this particular filter look at the parts of a filter Parts of a filter A filter consists of criteria based on packet attributes A typical filter can match a packet on any one of the following attributes m The source IP address where the packet was sent from m The destination IP address where the packet is goi
96. ction m Support for remote configuration by your reseller your network administrator or technicians at Netopia Inc via external modem or via IP network m Wall mountable bookshelf side stackable or desktop stackable design for efficient space usage m SmartiP combining NAT and DHCP makes it simple and economical to connect a workgroup of users to the Internet or a remote IP network by using Network Address Translation and a single IP address 1 2 User s Reference Guide m Analog dial in using an external modem connected to the Auxiliary port Available as a separate add on kit order TER AD1 m AppleTalk support available as a separate add on AppleTalk kit order TER AT1 including a firmware feature set enhancement and custom HD 15 dual RJ 11 PhoneNET connector allows for LocalTalk to Ethernet routing assigning IP addresses to Macintosh users IP functionality for LocalTalk users and AURP tunneling for connectivity between remote AppleTalk networks SmartView tool allows for real time monitoring of router status lights LEDs through one or more information forms on a Web based J ava applet Internet browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Microsoft s Internet Explorer can be used for SmartView How to use this guide This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router It is intended to be viewed on line using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Read
97. curity features are available See Security on page 13 1 Easy Setup Security Configuration It is strongly suggested that you password protect configuration access to your Netopia By entering a Name and Password pair here access via serial Telnet SNMP and Web Server will be password protected Be sure to remember what you have typed here because you will be prompted for it each time you configure this Netopia You can remove an existing Name and Password by clearing both fields below Write Access Name Write Access Password PREVIOUS SCREEN TO MAIN MENU RESTART DEVICE Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here The final step in configuring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia R9100 so that the configuration settings take effect 1 Select RESTART DEVICE A prompt asks you to confirm your choice 7 8 User s Reference Guide 2 Select CONTINUE to restart the Netopia Router and have your selections take effect Note You can also restart the system at any time by using the Restart System utility see Restarting the system on page 14 12 or by turning the Netopia Router off and on with the power switch Easy Setup is now complete Part Il Advanced Configuration User s Reference Guide WAN and System Configuration 8 1 Chapter 8 WAN and System Configuration Console based management is a menu driven interface for the capabilities built in to the Netopia R9100
98. ddress to be allocated to requesting IPX WAN clients The base address you enter must not conflict with other IPX networks assigned to your IPX internet IPX routing tables e IPX Routing Table Statistics amp Logs IPX SAP Bindery Table IPX routing tables provide information on current IPX routes and services To go to the IPX Routing Table screen select IPX Routing Table in the Statistics amp Logs screen This table shows detailed information about current IPX network routes IPX Routing Table Net Addr Hops Ticks Type Status Interface SCROLL UP 00000020 Ethernet 00000120 00000c465c2f 00000030 RIP Active Ethernet 00000120 00000c465c2f 00000033 RIP Active Ethernet 000000120 00000c465c2f 00000100 RIP Active Ethernet 00000120 00000c465c2f 00000110 RIP Active Ethernet 00000120 00000c465c2f UPDATE To go to the IPX SAP Bindery Table screen select IPX SAP Bindery Table in the Statistics amp Logs screen This table shows detailed information about available IPX services and their location 10 6 User s Reference Guide AppleTalk Setup 11 1 Chapter 11 AppleTalk Setup This chapter discusses the concept of AppleTalk routing and how to configure AppleTalk setup for a Netopia R9100 with the AppleTalk kit installed AppleTalk support is available as a separate kit for the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router Skip this chapter if you do not have the AppleTalk kit This section covers the following topics mw Appl
99. ddresses to allocate for MaclP KIP clients The addresses must fall within the address pool from the previous screen m Enter the number of static MaclP addresses to reserve Note that the address pool IP range Is listed for your referral in this screen MacIP KIP Forwarding Setup This screen tells the Netopia how many static addresses to allocate for MacIP KIP clients The addresses must fall within one of the address pools from the previous screen Number of Static Addresses First Static Client Address Enter the number of static MacIP addresses to reserve here Reserve static MacIP addresses for KIP Forwarding here You have finished your IP setup IPX Setup 10 1 Chapter 10 IPX Setup Internetwork Packet Exchange IPX is the network protocol used by Novell NetWare networks This chapter shows you how to configure the Netopia R9100 for routing data using IPX You also learn how to configure the router to serve IPX network addresses Note Most cable modems do not currently support the IPX protocol over the WAN The Netopia R9100 Supports IPX routing over the Auxiliary port with an attached asynchronous modem This requires the optional add on dial in kit order TER AD1 This section covers the following topics m IPX features on page 10 1 m IPX definitions on page 10 1 m IPX setup screen on page 10 3 IPX routing tables on page 10 5 IPX features The Netopia R9100 supports the foll
100. dem provides businesses with a low cost connection to the Internet while retaining the power of a router Once your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router is connected to your computer and an Internet connection device such as a cable or a DSL modem and your account is activated by your network service provider you will have a high speed connection between your PC or LAN and the telephone company s network of high speed digital facilities This section covers the following topics m Features and capabilities on page 1 1 How to use this guide on page 1 2 Features and capabilities The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router provides the following features Continuous availability networking eliminates dialing and provides lower more predictable transmission costs m Interconnects with most cable modems or DSL modems or bridges that have an Ethernet port m 8 port Ethernet hub m Connectivity to support Ethernet LANs via built in 8 port 10Base T hub with uplink port m Status lights LEDs for easy monitoring and troubleshooting Support for IP routing for Internet and intranet connectivity m IP address serving over Ethernet or a WAN link via dynamic WAN client serving via the Auxiliary port with optional dial in kit that allows local or remote network nodes to acquire an IP address automatically and dynamically from a designated pool of available addresses m Support for console based management over Telnet or serial cable conne
101. densing Technical Specifications and Safety Information F 3 Software and protocols Software media Software preloaded on internal flash memory field upgrades done via download to internal flash memory via XMODEM or TFTP Routing TCP IP Internet Protocol Suite RIP AppleTalk LocalTalk to Ethernet routing AURP tunneling MaciP IPX Optional add on feature WAN support Ethernet Security IP IPX firewalls Ul password security SNMP network management SNMPv1 MIB1I RFC 1213 Interface MIB RFC 1229 Ethernet MIB RFC 1643 AppleTalk MIB 1243 Netopia R9100 MIB Management configuration methods HTTP Web server serial console remote modem console Telnet SNMP Diagnostics Ping event logging routing table displays traceroute statistics counters web based management Agency approvals The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router has met the safety standards per CSA 950 of the Canadian Standards Association for Canada The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router has met the safety standards per UL 1950 of the Underwriters Laboratories for the United States Regulatory notices Warning This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures Adequate measures include increasing the physical distance between this product and other electrical devices United States This equipment has been tested and found to comply with
102. ding IP Addressing 3 Using the tables on page 13 8 find the destination port and protocol numbers the local Telnet port m Proto TCP or 6 m OD Port 23 4 The filter should be enabled and instructed to block the Telnet packets containing the source address Shown in step 2 m On Yes m Fwd N This four step process is how we produced the following filter from the original rule 1 192 2162 el 040 0 Security 13 11 Filtering example 2 Suppose a filter is configured to block all incoming IP packets with the source IP address of 200 233 14 0 regardless of the type of connection or its destination The filter would look like this This filter blocks any packets coming from a remote network with the IP network address 200 233 14 0 The 0 at the end of the address signifies any host on the class C IP network 200 233 14 0 If for example the filter iS applied to a packet with the source IP address 200 233 14 5 it will block it In this case the mask which does not appear in the table must be set to 255 255 255 0 This way all packets with a source address of 200 233 14 x will be matched correctly no matter what the final address byte IS Note The protocol attribute for this filter is 0 by default This tells the filter to ignore the IP protocol or type of IP packet Design guidelines Careful thought must go into designing a new filter set You should consider the following guidelines m Be sur
103. dress Translation at a significant cost savings Network Address Translation features Network Address Translation NAT offers users the following features m The single proxy address is acquired at connection time from the answering side The address can be assigned by the remote router from either a dynamic pool of addresses or a fixed static address m Static NAT Security is simpler and more reliable because only one IP address needs a firewall and because the internal network structure Is not visible from the Internet 9 2 User s Reference Guide Network Address Translation works by remapping the source IP address of traffic from the LAN to a single static or dynamically assigned IP address shown to the remote side of the router HOW NAT WORKS RAS 192 168 1 100 192 168 1 102 192 168 1 103 ISP 163 167 132 1 lt gt 192 168 1 104 192 168 1 105 192 168 1 106 HIN Without NAT 163 167 132 1 rere PR 163 167 132 2 163 167 132 2 WW 163 167 132 3 163 167 132 3 163 167 132 4 163 167 132 5 163 167 132 4 163 167 132 6 163 167 132 5 163 167 132 6 or corporate intranet router When NAT is enabled the Netopia R9100 can use either a statically assigned IP address or one dynamically assigned each time the router connects to the ISP While a dynamically assigned IP address offers the ISP more flexibility it does have an important limitation the router requires a static IP address to support Web FTP or other service
104. dress the Netopia R9100 acquires on its WAN interface the Netopia R9100 can proxy 14 30 or an unlimited number of IP hosts on the LAN interface In order to fully understand how NAT works you must understand how a connection is established and IP addresses are negotiated C 2 User s Reference Guide When the Netopia R9100 establishes a connection over its WAN interface with another router it uses the Point toPoint Protocol PPP Within PPP there is a Network Control Protocol NCP called Internet Protocol Control Protocol IPCP which handles the negotiation of IP addresses between the two routers in this case the Netopia R9100 at the customer site above and the router at the Internet service provider ISP If the Netopia R9100 calls the router at the ISP with NAT disabled the Netopia negotiates its LAN interface address as specified in IP Setup within the Netopia R9100 s console with the router at the ISP through IPCP and then sets up routing From the diagram on the previous page you can see that the address for the Netopia R9100 is 192 168 5 1 and the address of the router at the ISP is 200 1 1 1 Assuming that the addresses negotiated by the routers are valid and unique for the Internet the Netopia R9100 and the hosts on its LAN would be able to access the Internet If the Netopia R9100 calls the router at the ISP with NAT enabled instead of negotiating the LAN interface address the Netopia R9100 suggests the address 0 0 0 0 throu
105. duction to the Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol IEEE Network March 1988 Case J D J R Davins M S Fedor and M L Schoffstall Network Management and the Design of SNMP Connexions The Interoperability Report Vol 3 March 1989 Chapman D Brent Network In Security Through IP Packet Filtering Paper available from Great Circle Associates 1057 West Dana Street Mountain View CA 94041 Chapman D Brent and Elizabeth D Zwicky Building Internet Firewalls Sebastopol CA O Reilly amp Associates 1995 Dense and technical but Chapter 6 provides a basic introduction to packet filtering Chappell L Novell s Guide to NetWare LAN Analysis San Jose CA Novell Press 1993 Clark W SNA Internetworking ConneXions The Interoperability Report Vol 6 No 3 March 1992 Comer D E Internetworking with TCP IP Principles Protocols and Architecture Vol I 2nd ed Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1991 Copper Mountain Networks Internal Control Protocol ICP Interface Control Document ICD January 5 1998 Davidson J An Introduction to TCP IP New York NY Springer Verlag 1992 Droms R Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 Bucknell University March 1997 Ferrari D Computer Systems Performance Evaluation Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1978 E 2 User s Reference Guide Garcia Luna Aceves J J Loop Free Routing Using Diffusing Computations Publication pending in IEEE ACM Transact
106. e IP addresses to hosts 9 1 Routing Information Protocol RIP 10 2 routing tables AppleTalk 12 9 IP 9 12 12 8 S SAP filter sets viewing and modifying 13 28 SAP server types 10 3 screens connecting to 8 9 security filters 13 4 13 20 measures to increase 13 1 telnet 134 user accounts passwords 13 1 security options screen 13 2 protecting 13 2 seeding 11 3 Service Advertising Protocol SAP 10 2 Simple Network Management Protocol see SNMP SmartiP 9 1 SmartStart before launching 5 2 requirements Macintosh 5 2 PC 5 2 Windows 95 5 3 SmartView 12 16 launching SmartView 12 16 SNMP community strings 12 13 MIBs supported 12 12 setup screen 12 13 traps 12 14 socket 10 2 soft seeding 11 3 Src port 13 10 State 12 10 Static IP addresses B 8 Static route rules of installation 9 15 Static routes 9 7 9 12 Statistics WAN 12 4 Subnet masks B 3 subnets B 2 B 5 multiple 9 10 nested B 11 subnets and subnet masks B 2 Support technical A 4 T TCP IP stack 4 4 technical support A 4 telnet 6 2 access 8 9 134 terminal emulation software configuring 6 3 default settings 64 TFTP defined 14 6 downloading configuration files 14 8 updating firmware 14 7 uploading configuration files 14 9 TFTP transferring files 146 Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP 14 6 Trivial File Transfer Protocol see TFTP troubleshooting A 1 configuration PC A 1 console based management 7 2 event histories 12 5 12 17 Index 5 WAN
107. e Trade Zone Name Accept Connections From Configured Partners Only Advanced Options AURP Allows you to connect remote AppleTalk Networks across IP m To activate AURP and enable connections to and from AURP partners select AURP Enable and toggle it to On Viewing AURP partners m lo see a table of existing AURP partners select Display Change Partner and press Return Note The Netopia R9100 can define a total of 32 AURP partners AURP Free Trade Zone The Free Trade Zone is an AURP security feature It allows the Netopia administrator to specify a single AppleTalk zone that will be the only one visible to the remote side for partners that have this option enabled AppleTalk Setup 11 9 Example Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B Both sides have multiple zones defined on the EtherTalk port and a unique zone on their LocalTalk ports If side A has indicated that one of its EtherTalk zones is the Free Trade Zone and has opted to use the Free Trade Zone option for its tunnel to B then only this Free Trade Zone will show up on side B and only those machines or services in the Free Trade Zone will be accessible to side B All of side A will be able to see all of side B Adding an AURP partner lo add a new AURP partner select Add Partner and press Return The Add AURP Partner screen appears Add AURP Partner Partner IP Address or Domain Name Initiate Connection Restrict to Free Trade Zone ADD PARTNER NOW
108. e default Note Since the LocalTalk connector attaches to the Auxiliary port on the router that port will no longer be available for a third external modem Select LocalTalk Zone Name and enter a new or existing zone name Note Your LocalTalk network may already have a zone and network number in place For the Netopia R9100 s LocalTalk port to be part of your LocalTalk network it must have a network number and zone name that matches the values in use on the LocalTalk network If another router is already present on the LocalTalk network that you will be connecting to the Netopia R9100 use the zone name and network number used by that router for that LocalTalk network Otherwise your LocalTalk network may experience routing conflicts 11 8 User s Reference Guide As an alternative you can set LocalTalk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R9100 receive the zone name and network number from the other router m Select LocalTalk Net Number and enter the desired network number m Select Seeding From the pop up menu choose the type of seeding for the Netopia R9100 s LocalTalk port to use See Routers and seeding on page 11 3 You have finished configuring LocalTalk AURP setup From the Network Protocols screen select AppleTalk Setup Then select AURP Setup and press Return The AURP Setup screen appears AURP Setup AURP Enable Display Change Partner Add Partner Delete Partner Enter Fre
109. e for the Ethernet port on your PC one for the Line port on the router A dual DB 9 and mini DIN8 to DB 9 console cable for a PC or a Macintosh m The Netopia CD containing an Internet browser Adobe Acrobat Reader for Windows and Macintosh ZTerm terminal emulator software and NCSA Telnet for Macintosh and documentation You will need m A Windows 95 98 or NT based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia R9100 This may be built in Ethernet or an add on card with TCP IP installed and configured See Hardware and operating system requirements on page 3 1 m An Internet modem such as a cable modem or DSL bridge connected to the appropriate wall outlet for your Internet service source Your Internet connection device must have a 10 Base T Ethernet port for connecting it to the router s Line port Identify the connectors and attach the cables Identify the connectors and switches on the back panel and attach the necessary Netopia Router cables The figure below displays the back of the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel Line 1 port fe el ES EET Nf Crossover switch Auxiliary port Power port 8 port Ethernet hub Console port 1 Connect the mini DIN8 connector from the power adapter to the power port and plug the other end into an electrical outlet 2 Connect one end of one of the RJ 45 cables to the Line 1 port not the Line 2
110. e maintained manually Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia R9100 how to reach a particular network However static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia R9100 see IP routing table on page 12 8 Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of finding the route are unavailable For example static routes are useful when you cannot rely on RIP To go to the Static Routes screen select Static Routes in the IP Setup screen IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 13 The Static Routes screen will appear Static Routes Display Change Static Route Add Static Route Delete Static Route Configure View Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens Viewing static routes To display a view only table of static routes select Display Change Static Route The table shown below will appear ilo Gerla A carey PM Select a Static Route to modify The table has the following columns Dest Network The network IP address of the destination network 9 14 User s Reference Guide Subnet M ask The subnet mask associated with the destination network Next Gateway The IP address of the router that will be used to reach the destination network Priority An indication of whether the Netopia R9100 will use the static route when it conflicts with information
111. e table and press Return to remove it from the set To exit the table without removing the filter press Escape 5 To save the current filter set select ADD FILTER SET NOW in the Add SAP Filter Set screen Select CANCEL to exit the Add SAP Filter Set screen without saving the new filter set Deleting a SAP filter set To delete a SAP filter set select Delete IPX SAP Filter Set in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets Select a filter set from the list and press Return to delete it Press Escape to exit the list without deleting the filter set Note Deleting a filter set does not delete the filters in that set However the filters in the deleted set are no longer in effect unless they are part of another set The deleted set will no longer appear in the answer profile or any connection profiles to which it was added Security 13 29 Firewall tutorial General firewall terms Filter rule A filter set is comprised of individual filter rules Filter set A grouping of individual filter rules Firewall A component or set of components that restrict access between a protected network and the Internet or between two networks Host A workstation on the network Packet Unit of communication on the Internet Packet filter Packet filters allow or deny packets based on source or destination IP addresses TCP or UDP ports or the TCP ACK bit Port A number that defines a particular type of service
112. e the filter set s overall purpose is clear from the beginning A vague purpose can lead to a faulty set and that can actually make your network less secure m Be sure each individual filter s purpose is clear Determine how filter priority will affect the set s actions Test the set on paper by determining how the filters would respond to a number of different hypothetical packets m Consider the combined effect of the filters If every filter in a set fails to match on a particular packet the packet Is m Passed if all the filters are configured to discard not forward m Discarded if all the filters are configured to pass forward m Discarded if the set contains a combination of pass and discard filters Disadvantages of filters Although using filter sets can greatly enhance network security there are disadvantages m Filters are complex Combining them in filter sets introduces subtle interactions increasing the likelihood of implementation errors m Enabling a large number of filters can have a negative impact on performance Processing of packets will take longer if they have to go through many checkpoints m Joo much reliance on packet filters can cause too little reliance on other security methods Filter sets are not a substitute for password protection effective safeguarding of passwords caller ID the must match 13 12 User s Reference Guide option in the answer profile PAP or CHAP in connection profile
113. eTalk networks on page 11 1 m Installing AppleTalk on page 114 m Configuring AppleTalk on page 116 Note To take effect all changes to AppleTalk options require a restart AppleTalk networks A network is a communication system that connects computers so that they share information using network services such as electronic mail print spoolers and file servers Information is transferred over a cabling system or WAN using a common Set of protocols You can think of the cabling system as an organization of cities streets and buildings and the protocols as the method of sending letters or packages as illustrated on the following pages A cable is the physical medium for example twisted pair or coaxial over which information travels from one device to another AppleTalk protocol AppleTalk is a protocol set for local area networks developed by Apple Computer While initially applied to the LocalTalk cabling system for connecting Macintosh computers and LaserWriter printers it has been expanded to use other cabling systems such as Ethernet as well as dial up telephone networks and packet switching systems LocalTalk was originally known as the AppleTalk Personal Network system Each computer or peripheral device printer client file server connected to a network is called a node and has a unique node address which can be any number from 1 to 254 Whenever you open the Chooser or any application that communicates with other
114. ecial broadcast packet known as IPX Packet type 20 to communicate with IPX NetBIOS servers IPX spoofing The Netopia R9100 has several IPX features designed to restrict the traffic on the dial up link when the unit is not sending or receiving IPX data When the link is idle and a user is logged into a Novell server the server will send keep alive packets to ensure that the user is still there If the link is idle the keep alive packets will be sent back to the server by the locally connected Netopia R9100 as though they came back from the user without bringing up the dial up link SPX keep alive packets are also treated in this manner IPX RIP and SAP messages will not be sent if the link is down Together these features enable the user to remain connected to a Novell server or SPX peer without bringing up the dial up link except to send and receive actual user data IPX setup screen Main System Network Cdt on je IPX Setup You will use the IPX Setup screen to configure the Ethernet side of the Netopia R9100 The information you enter controls how the router routes IPX traffic Before changing any of the settings in this screen consult your network administrator for the IPX setup information you will need Changes made in this screen will take effect only after the Netopia R9100 is reset 10 4 User s Reference Guide To go to the IPX Setup screen from the Main Menu select System Configuration and then select Network Protoc
115. ecting or restricting Telnet access to the Netopia R9100 if you suspect there is a chance of tampering To password protect the configuration screens select Easy Setup from the Main Menu and go to the Easy Setup Security Configuration screen By entering a name and password pair in this screen all access via serial Telnet SNMP and Web server will be password protected To restrict Telnet access select Security in the Advanced Configuration menu The Security Options screen will appear There are two levels of Telnet restriction available To restrict Telnet access to the SNMP screens select Enable Telnet Access to SNMP Screens and toggle it to No See SNMP traps on page 12 14 To restrict Telnet access to all of the configuration screens select Enable Telnet Console Access and toggle it to No About filters and filter sets Security should be a high priority for anyone administering a network connected to the Internet Using packet filters to control network communications can greatly improve your network s security The Netopia R9100 s packet filters are designed to provide security for the Internet connections made to and from your network You can customize the router s filter sets for a variety of packet filtering applications Typically you use filters to selectively admit or refuse TCP IP connections from certain remote networks and Specific hosts You will also use filters to screen particular types of connections Th
116. ections m General status m Current WAN Connection Status m LED Status The status sections vary according to the interface of your Netopia R9100 12 2 User s Reference Guide General status Quick View 12 14 1998 01 13 52 PM Default IP Gateway e020 CPU Load 5 Unused Memory 1017 KB Domain Name Server Aa IP Address IPX Address EtherTalk Ethernet Hub 00 00 c5 70 03 48 192 168 1 1 34449 150 Ethernet WAN1 00 00 c5 70 03 4a 0 0 0 0 LED Status PWR WANT CON AUX WAN2 EN LEDS LNK RDY CH1 CH2 LNK LNK LNK RDY CH1 CH2 DATA Off G Green Y R Red Y Yellow Current Date The current date this can be set with the Date and Time utility see Date and time on page 8 12 Default IP Gateway Actual IP address of the default gateway if entered 0 0 0 0 indicates automatic addressing Domain Name Server IP address of your DNS server Domain Name Domain name you have entered usually your ISP such as netopia com CPU Load Percentage of the system s resources being used by all current transmissions Unused Memory The total remaining system memory available for use Ethernet Address The Netopia R9100 s hardware address IP Address The Netopia R9100 s IP address entered in the IP Setup screen IPX Address The Netopia R9100 s IPX address entered i
117. ed m You must have built in Ethernet or a third party Ethernet card and its associated drivers installed in your Macintosh Dynamic configuration recommended If you configure your Netopia R9100 using SmartStart you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP which enables dynamic addressing is enabled by default in the router To configure your Macintosh computer for dynamic addressing do the following 1 Goto the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then TCP IP 2 With the TCP IP window open go to the Edit menu and select User Mode Choose Basic and click OK 3 Inthe TCP IP window select Connect via Ethernet and Configure Using DHCP Server oO TCP IP Router Test H ect via CI use 802 3 onfigure Using DHCP Select Hosts File Implicit Search Path ain name Starting dom IP Address lt will be supplied by server gt DoS E Subnet mask Loo O Ending domain name Router address Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia R9100 Static configuration optional Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 11 If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP address o TCP IP Example IP perform the following Connect via Ethe
118. ee Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 You can also retrieve the Netopia R9100 s configuration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol see SNMP on page 12 12 Open a Telnet connection to the router s IP address for example 192 168 1 1 8 10 User s Reference Guide The console screen will open to the Main Menu similar to the screen shown below Netopia R9100 v4 3 Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configuration Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View You always start from this main screen Navigating through the system configuration screens To help you find your way to particular screens some sections in this guide begin with a graphical path guide similar to the following example Main System Network Protocols IP Setu Menu Configuration Setup P This particular path guide shows how to get to the Network Protocols Setup screens The path guide represents these steps 1 Beginning in the Main Menu select System Configuration and press Return The System Configuration screen appears 2 Select Network Protocols and press Return The Network Protocols screen appears 3 Select IP Setup and press Return The IP Setup screen appears To go back in this sequence of screens use the Escape key WAN and System Configuration 8 11 System configuration features The Netopia
119. ee AURP IPX Internet Packet Exchange A protocol used by Novell NetWare networks ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network A method of transmitting data digitally over telephone lines ISP Internet service provider A company that provides Internet related services Most importantly an ISP provides Internet access services and products to other companies and consumers ITU International Telecommunication Union United Nations specialized agency for telecommunications Successor to CCITT LAN local area network A privately owned network that offers high speed communications channels to connect information processing equipment in a limited geographic area LocalTalk The cabling specification for AppleTalk running at a speed of 230 4 kbps kilobits per second MaciP A protocol in which IP packets are encapsulated within AppleTalk headers for transmission over AppleTalk networks MaclP requires the presence of at least one AppleTalk IP gateway MaclP is usually used to allow an AppleTalk computer to communicate with an IP computer MaclIP client A Macintosh computer that is using the MaclP protocol to communicate with an IP computer MIB management information base A standardized structure for SNMP management information modem A device used to convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted across standard analog not ISDN telephone lines Modem is a contraction of modulator demodulator
120. een like the one shown below while SmartStart checks the connection to your router oa J e m f you choose Advanced skip to page 5 6 now The SmartStart Wizard displays the Router IP Address screen on page 5 5 in which you can choose ways to modify your router s IP address Easy option Connection Test screen SmartStart tests the SSS T esting Connection E connection to the router While it is testing the connection a progress indicator screen is displayed and the router s Ethernet LEDs flash Testing connection to router When the test succeeds SmartStart indicates success If the test fails the wizard displays an error screen If the test fails check the following Check your cable connections Be sure you have connected the router and the computer properly using the correct cables Refer to the Step 1 Connect the Router sheet in your Netopia R9100 documentation folio Make sure the router is turned on and that there is an Ethernet connection between your computer and the router Check the TCP IP control panel settings to be sure that automatic IP Addressing Windows or DHCP Macintosh is selected If you are using a Windows PC SmartStart will automatically detect a static IP address and offer to configure the computer for automatic addressing On a Macintosh computer you must manually set the TCP IP Control Panel to DHCP See Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh computers on page 5 10 If you curre
121. elded cables and connectors between system components Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by the manufacturer could void your authority to operate the equipment Canada This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le pr sent appareil num rique n emet pas de bruits radio lectriques d passant les limites applicables aux appareils num riques de la classe A prescrites dans le R glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique dict par le minist re des Communications du Canada Declaration for Canadian users The Canadian Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operation and safety requirements The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user s satisfaction Before installing this equipment users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection In some cases the company s inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly telephone extension cord The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not preve
122. elect Telnet from the Utilities amp Diagnostics menu The Telnet client screen appears Host Name or IP Address Control Character to Suspend Q START A TELNET SESSION Enter the IP Address Domain Name of a host m Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal format of the machine you want to telnet into and press Return m Either accept the default control character Q used to suspend the Telnet session or type a different one m START A TELNET SESSION becomes highlighted m Press Return and the Telnet session will be initiated m To suspend the session press Control Q or whatever other control character you specified Two new options will appear in the Telnet screen not shown Resume Suspended Session select this one if you want to go back to your Telnet session Terminate Suspended Session select this one if you want to end the session 14 6 User s Reference Guide Disconnect Telnet console session If you want to close your Telnet Console session select Disconnect Telnet Console Session and press Return A dialog box appears asking you to cancel or continue your selection Utilities amp Diagnostics Are you sure you want to close this Console Session CANCEL CONTINUE X Modem File Transfer Revert to Factory Defaults Restart System If you select Continue you will immediately terminate your session Factory defaults You can reset the Netopia R9100 to its factory default
123. elephone wiring during a lightning storm Technical Specifications and Safety Information F 5 m Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations m Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface m Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines m Avoid using a telephone other than a cordless type during an electrical storm There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning m Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak Battery The Netopia R9100 s lithium battery is designed to last for the life of the product The battery is not user ser viceable Caution Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer s Instructions F 6 User s Reference Guide Glossary 1 Glossary access line A telephone line reaching from the telephone company central office to a point usually on your premises Beyond this point the wire is considered inside wiring analog In telecommunications telephone transmission and or switching that is not digital An analog phone transmission is one that was originally intended to carry speech or voice but may with appropriate modifications be used to carry data of other types
124. enu in the Main Menu screen select WAN Wide Area Network Setup The WAN Ethernet Configuration screen appears WAN Ethernet Configuration Address Translation Enabled Local WAN IP Address Filter Set Remove Filter Set Receive RIP Aux Serial Port Async Modem Data Rate kbps 57 6 Aux Modem Init String AT amp F amp C1 amp D2E0S0 1 Set up the basic IP attributes of your Ethernet Module in this screen Toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes or No Yes to enable NAT and press Return 9 4 User s Reference Guide Or from the Main Menu select Easy Setup The Easy Setup WAN Ethernet Configuration screen appears WAN Ethernet Configuration Address Translation Enabled Local WAN IP Address TO MAIN MENU NEXT SCREEN Set up the basic IP attributes of your Ethernet Module in this screen Toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes or No Yes to enable NAT and press Return For more information see Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing and Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior 4 lf your ISP uses numbered interface based routing select Local WAN IP Address and enter the local WAN address your ISP gave you Then select Local WAN IP Mask and enter the WAN subnet mask of the remote site you will connect to The default address is 0 0 0 0 which allows for dynamic addressing meaning that your ISP assigns an address via DHCP each time you connect However if you want to use static
125. er Periodic SAP Timer Configure IPX requirements for a remote network connection here 6 Toggle or enter any IPX Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape For more information see IPX Setup on page 10 1 8 6 User s Reference Guide 7 Select Datalink Options and press Return The Datalink Options screen appears Datalink PPP MP Options Data Compression Ascend LZS Receive User Name Receive Password Maximum Packet Size In this Screen you will configure the PPP MP specific connection params You can accept the defaults or change them if you wish You can also specify user name and password for both outgoing and incoming calls the Send User Name Password parameters are used to specify your identity when dialing out to a remote location The Receive User Name Password parameters are used when receiving dial in clients such as via RAS configuration Return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape 8 Select Telco Options and press return the Telco Options screen appears Telco Options Idle Timeout seconds Return accepts ESC cancels Left Right moves insertion point Del deletes In this Screen you configure options for the ways you will establish a link WAN and System Configuration 8 7 You can set the Idle timeout duration to be greater or less than the default 300 seconds five minutes When you are finished with these ent
126. er The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures described and find useful information about the procedure you are performing If you prefer to work from hard copy rather than ondine documentation you can also print out all of the manual or individual sections The pages are formatted to print on standard 8 1 2 by 11 inch paper We recommend that you print on three hole punched paper so you can put the pages in a binder for future reference For your convenience a printed copy can be purchased from Netopia Order part number TER9100 Doc This guide is organized into chapters describing the Netopia R9100 s advanced features You may want to read each chapter s introductory section to familiarize yourself with the various features available Use the guide s table of contents and index to locate informational topics Setting Up Internet Services 2 1 Chapter 2 Setting Up Internet Services This chapter describes how to obtain and set up Internet services This section covers the following topics m Finding an Internet service provider on page 1 Deciding on an ISP account on page 2 m Obtaining information from the ISP on page 2 Finding an Internet service provider Internet access is available from Internet Service Providers ISPs Typically there are s
127. er hosts get Class B or Class C addresses You can tell the various classes apart by the value of the first or high order byte Class A networks use values from 1 to 127 Class B networks use values from 128 to 191 and Class C networks use values from 192 to 223 The following table summarizes some of the differences between Class A B and C networks Number of Number of Class First byte networks hosts Format of address Example possible per possible per without subnetting class network A 1 127 16 777 214 nethosthost host 97 3 14 250 128 191 16 384 65 534 net net host host 140 100 10 11 192 223 2 097 152 net net net host 197 204 13 7 Subnets and subnet masks Often an entire organization is assigned only one IP network number If the organization has several IP networks connected together with IP routers the network manager can use subnetting to distinguish between these networks even though they all use the same network number Each physical network becomes a subnet with a unique subnet number Subnet numbers appear within IP addresses along with network numbers and host numbers Since an IP address is always 32 bits long using subnet numbers means either the network number or the host numbers must use fewer bits in order to leave room for the subnet numbers Since the InterNIC assigns the network number proper it should not change so the subnet numbers must be created out of bits that would otherwise be part of the host nu
128. er the WAN which include DHCP BootP IPCP and MaclP WAN IP is a feature for both the Small Office and Corporate Netopia ISDN Router models wiring closet A central location where a building s telephone and network wiring is connected Multi story buildings often have a main wiring closet in the basement and satellite wiring closets on each floor zone An arbitrary subset of nodes within an AppleTalk internet Creating multiple zones makes it easier for users to locate network services The network administrator defines zones when he or she configures routers Isolated networks have no zones LocalTalk and EtherTalk Phase networks may have no more than one zone each EtherTalk Phase Il and TokenTalk networks may have more than one zone each Several networks of any AppleTalk tyoe may share a zone name 8 User s Reference Guide Index Numerics 10Base T 4 5 10Base T connecting 4 5 A add static route 9 14 advanced configuration features 8 11 answer profile call acceptance scenarios 8 9 defined 8 7 answering calls 8 7 AppleTalk 1 2 configuring LocalTalk 11 7 routing table 12 9 setup 11 1 tunneling AURP 11 3 11 8 zones 11 6 11 7 AppleTalk Update Based Routing Protocol see AURP application software 4 4 AURP adding a partner 11 9 configuration 11 10 connecting to a partner 11 9 hop count reduction 11 12 network number remapping 11 11 receiving connections 11 10 setup 11 3 11 8 tunnel 13 20 authenticati
129. errors on your network Installing AppleTalk The AppleTalk kit consists of hardware and firmware components that you enable on your router in order to connect an AppleTalk network The AppleTalk cable supplied in the AppleTalk feature expansion kit cable connects to the Auxiliary port on the Netopia R9100 Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel Console Power Auxiliary connection port HD 15 female You then enable AppleTalk routing through the console based management screens To install the AppleTalk features from the Main Menu go to System Configuration and select Upgrade Feature Set AppleTalk Setup 11 5 System Upgrade Configuration Feature Set The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade screen appears Netopia Feature Set Upgrade You may be able to extend the features of your Netopia by purchasing a Software Upgrade For a list of available upgrades please see the release notes that came with your Netopia or visit the Netopia Communications web Site at www netopia com To purchase an upgrade you must provide your Serial Number which is XX XX XX You will receive an Upgrade Key which you should enter below Upgrade Key UPGRADE NOW Follow the instructions to enable AppleTalk on your router Once AppleTalk is enabled you can configure your network as described in the following sections 11 6 User s Reference Guide Configuring AppleTalk AppleTalk setup for Netopia R9100s consists of configur
130. esponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 243 and a local AURP router including the Netopia R9100 itself insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Forward Yes m Source IP Address a b c d m Source IP Address Mask 255 255 255 255 m Dest IP Address 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Protocol Type UDP m Source Port Comparison Equal m Source Port ID 387 m Dest Port Comparison Equal m Dest Port ID 387 Security 13 21 System Filter Sets IPX Filters Configuration Firewalls and Filter Sets IPX filters IPX packet filters work very similarly to IP packet filters They filter data traffic coming from or going to remote IPX networks IPX filters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user defined criteria Like IP filters IPX filters must be grouped in sets that are applied to the answer profile or to connection profiles IPX SAP filters are used for filtering server entries not required to pass over the WAN links When connecting to a large IPX network via dial up connection the transfer of large numbers of SAP entries can consume significant bandwidth on the WAN link Note Using SAP filtering to prevent a server from being advertised does not provide security against that server being accessed IPX packet filtering must be used for that purpose Setting up and using IPX filter sets is a four step process 1 Create the fil
131. everal ISPs in each area To locate ISPs in your area consult your telephone book local computer magazines the business section of a local newspaper or the following URL on the Internet http thelist internet com Also see Netopia s home page at http www netopia com for a list of ISPs with special programs and promotions for Netopia customers You could select a cable television company that offers cable modem service as an ISP Another alternative could be a traditional ISP that partners with a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier CLEC telephone service provider to provide a Digital Subscriber Line DSL ISPs typically support Internet connection devices compatible with their service So called cable modems are an example of such devices You should choose the connection device that your chosen ISP supports or you could choose an ISP based on the type of device and connection you prefer Most most cable and DSL modems have a 10Base T Ethernet connection port for connecting a PC The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router uses this connection port to connect all the computers on your LAN to the Internet If your area has more than one ISP the following considerations will help you decide which ISP is best suited for your requirements Unique requirements Make sure the ISP can meet any unique requirements you may have such as m Dynamic or static IP addressing m Custom domain name m Multiple e mail addresses m Web si
132. every Ethernet hardware device Ethernet addresses are usually expressed as 12 character hexadecimal numbers where each hexadecimal character 0 through F represents four binary bits Do not confuse the Ethernet address of a device with its network address EtherTalk Apple s data ink software that allows an AppleTalk network to be connected by Ethernet cables EtherTalk is a protocol within the AppleTalk protocol set Two versions of EtherTalk are in common use designated as Phase and Phase II EtherTalk extended network A network using AppleTalk Phase II protocols EtherTalk 2 0 and TokenTalk are extended networks LocalTalk networks are compatible with Phase II but are not extended because a single LocalTalk network cannot have multiple network numbers or multiple zone names firmware System software stored in a device s memory that controls the device The Netopia ISDN Router s firmware can be updated gateway A device that connects two or more networks that use different protocols Gateways provide address translation services but do not translate data Gateways must be used in conjunction with special software packages that allow computers to use networking protocols not originally designed for them hard seeding A router setting In hard seeding if a router that has just been reset detects a network number or zone name conflict between its configured information and the information provided by another router it disables the
133. feature sets how to obtain them and how to install them on your Netopia R9100 8 14 User s Reference Guide Logging You can configure a UNIX compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the router s WAN Event History See WAN Event History on page 12 6 The Syslog client for the PC only is supplied as a ZIP file on the Netopia CD Select Logging from the System Configuration menu The Logging Configuration screen appears Logging Configuration Event Log Options Boot and Errors Line Specific Connections PPP DHCP CNA Log IP and IPX Syslog Parameters Syslog Enabled Hostname or IP Address Facility iss Local 0 Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels By default all events are logged in the event history m By toggling each event descriptor either Yes or No you can determine which ones are logged and which are ignored m You can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically When enabled it will report any appropriate and previously unreported events m You can specify the syslog server s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 63 characters m You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop up Installing the Syslog client The Goodies folder on the Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be configured to report the WAN events you specified in the Logging Configuration scree
134. file to No If Must Match a Defined Profile is set to Yes the answer profile only accepts calls that use the same authentication method defined in the Authentication item If PAP or CHAP are involved the caller must have a name and password or secret that match one of the connection profiles The caller must obtain these from you or your network administrator before initiating the call For example if Must Match a Defined Profile is set to Yes and Authentication is set to PAP then only incoming calls that use PAP and match a connection profile will be accepted by the answer profile If authentication in the Default Answer Profile is set to CHAP the value of the CHAP Challenge Name item must be identical to the value of the Send Host Name item of the Connection Profile to be matched by the caller If Must Match a Defined Profile is set to No Authentication is assumed to be None even if you ve set it to PAP or CHAP The answer profile uses the caller s IP address to match a connection profile However the answer profile cannot discover a caller s subnet mask it assumes that the caller is not subnetting its IP address WAN and System Configuration 8 9 Class addresses are assumed to have a mask of 255 0 0 0 Class B addresses are assumed to have a mask of 255 255 0 0 Class C addresses are assumed to have a mask of 255 255 255 0 Class C address ranges are generally the most common subnet allocated If a remote network has a non stand
135. filters To modify a filter select Display Change Input Filter or Display Change Output Filter in the Add IP Filter Set screen to display a table of filters Select a filter from the table and press Return The Change Filter screen appears The parameters in this screen are set in the same way as the ones in the Add Filter screen see Adding filters to a filter set on page 13 14 Change Filter Fnabled No Forward No Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare No Compare Dest Port ID 0 Enter the IP specific information for this filter Deleting filters To delete a filter select Delete Input Filter or Delete Output Filter in the Add IP Filter Set screen to display a table of filters Select the filter from the table and press Return to delete it Press Escape to exit the table without deleting the filter Viewing filter sets To display a view only list of filter sets select Display Change IP Filter Set in the IP Filter Sets screen Security 13 17 Modifying filter sets To modify a filter set select Display Change IP Filter Set in the IP Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets Select a filter set from the list and press Return The Change IP Filter Set screen appears The items in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Filter screen see Adding
136. filters to a filter set on page 13 14 Change IP Filter Set Filter Set Name Basic Firewall Display Change Input Filter Add Input Filter Delete Input Filter Display Change Output Filter AGG Output FLitery Delete Output Filter Deleting a filter set Note If you delete a filter set all of the filters it contains are deleted as well To reuse any of these filters in another set before deleting the current filter set you ll have to note their configuration and then recreate them To delete a filter set select Delete IP Filter Set in the IP Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets Select a filter set from the list and press Return to delete it Press Escape to exit the list without deleting the filter set A sample IP filter set This section contains the settings for a filter set called Basic Firewall which is part of the Netopia R9100 s factory configuration Basic Firewall blocks undesirable traffic originating from the WAN in most cases the Internet but passes all traffic originating from the LAN It follows the conservative that which is not expressly permitted is prohibited approach unless an incoming packet expressly matches one of the constituent input filters it will not be forwarded to the LAN 13 18 User s Reference Guide The five input filters and one output filter that make up Basic Firewall are shown in the table below er a Le nes ee nee Output ELUND filter
137. for each of the configured Ethernet IP subnets See IP Address Pools in the next section IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 19 IP Address Pools The IP Address Pools screen allows you to configure a separate IP address serving pool for each of up to eight configured Ethernet IP subnets IP Address Pools Subnet host addrs lst Client Addr Clients Client Gateway 192 128 el Ua oe 253 192148117196 194129 LL71L64 OF E O 253 192129 117110 192 428 EL 4 This screen consists of between two and eight rows of four columns each There are exactly as many rows as there are Ethernet IP subnets configured on the IP Subnets screen The Subnet host addrs column is non selectable and non editable It indicates the network address of the Ethernet IP subnet for which an address pool is being configured and the number of host addresses available on the subnet The network address is equal to the router s IP address on the subnet bitwise ANDed with the subnet mask The host address count is equal to the subnet size minus three since one address is reserved for the network address one for the subnet broadcast address and one for the router s interface address on the subnet You can edit the remaining columns in each row The 1st Client Addr and Clients columns allow you to specify the base and extent of the address serving pool for a particular subnet Entering 0 0 0 0 for the first client address or 0 for the number of cl
138. fyou are using MacTCP you must restart the computer If you are using Open Transport you do not need Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network with manual or static to restart These are the only fields you need to modify in this screen IP addresses Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address 5 12 User s Reference Guide Dynamic configuration using MaclP optional If you want to use MaclP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleTalk feature set kit Note You cannot use MaclP dynamic configuration to configure your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router because you must first configure the router in order to enable AppleTalk Once the AppleTalk kit is installed you can configure your Macintoshes for MaclP To configure dynamically using MaclP perform the following Using Open Transport TCP IP 1 Go to the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then TCP IP 2 With the TCP IP window open go to the Edit menu and select User Mode Choose Advanced and click OK TCP IP MacIP test Connect via AppleTalk htaciP hiai Setup Configure Using MaclF Server hd Select Hosts File MaclP server zone Operations w Select 7 Implicit Search Path ADEME Starting domain name IF Address 163 176 32 12 Ending domain name Additional Search domains Name server addr 1631764410 netopia core 3 Int
139. ger The Netopia R9100 supports the following management information base MIB documents m MIB II RFC 1213 m Interface MIB RFC 1229 m Ethernet MIB RFC 1643 m AppleTalk MIB I RFC 1243 Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia R9100 CD included with the Netopia R9100 Load these MIBs into your SNMP management software in the order they are listed here Follow the instructions included with your SNMP manager on how to load MIBs Monitoring Tools 12 13 The SNMP Setup screen From the Main Menu select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and press Return The SNMP Setup screen appears Main System Configuration SNMP SNMP Setup system Name System Location System Contact Read Only Community String public Read Write Community String private Authentication Traps Enable OFT IP Trap Receivers Configure optional SNMP parameters from here Follow these steps to configure the first three items in the screen 1 Select System Name and enter a descriptive name for the Netopia R9100 s SNMP agent 2 Select System Location and enter the router s physical location room floor building etc 3 Select System Contact and enter the name of the person responsible for maintaining the router System Name System Location and System Contact set the values returned by the Netopia R9100 SNMP agent for the SysName SysLocation and SysContact objects respectively in the MIB II system group Although opt
140. gh IPCP When the router at the ISP sees this all zeros IPCP request the router can either pull a free dynamic IP address from its pool and assign it to the Netopia R9100 s WAN interface or if configured to do so it can match the Netopia R9100 s incoming connection profile and assign a preconfigured static IP address to the Netopia R9100 s WAN interface From the diagram you can see that the IP address assigned to the Netopia R9100 s WAN interface Is 200 1 1 40 while the IP address assigned to the LAN interface remains the same The LAN interface address 192 168 5 1 is thus hidden from the ISP and the Internet and the Netopia R9100 only has a single valid IP presence on the Internet The LAN interface IP address for the Netopia R9100 can be any IP address however it is recommended that you use the IANA specified 192 168 X X Class C address range which is used for networks not attached to the Internet This address range is described in RFC 1597 The dynamic IP address acquisition on the WAN interface of the Netopia R9100 is one of several features of NAT Another is the mapping of locally assigned IP addresses to the single globally unique IP address acquired by the Netopia R9100 on its WAN interface NAT employs several things to accomplish this seamlessly You must look at the formatting of an IP packet before IP address remapping can be explained Every IP packet that is transmitted across the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface or across the WAN i
141. guration Protocol DHCP server which enables dynamic addressing is enabled by default in the router If your PC is not set for dynamic addressing SmartStart will offer to do this for you when you launch it In that case you will have to restart your PC and relaunch SmartStart If you configure your PC for dynamic addressing in advance SmartStart need only be launched once To configure your PC for dynamic addressing do the following l Control Panel OF x File Edit View Help Configuration Identification Access Control le Accessibility Options 9 Mail and Fax 5 Add New Hardware Microsoft Mail Postoffice The following network components are installed amp B Modems Client for Microsoft Networks Client for NetWare Networks Farallon Etherw ave Plug and Play PC ISA Card IPX SPX compatible Protocol ords Hal Printers BA InControl Tools 3 Regional Settings A Internet E Sounds Ay Joystick a System Add Remove Properties Keyboard h Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks gt Configures network hardware and software 7 File and Print Sharing Description 1 Gotothe Start Menu Settings Control Panels and double click the Network icon From the Network components list select the Configuration tab 2 Select TCP IP gt Your Network Card Then select Properties In the TCP IP Properties screen shown below select the IP Address t
142. guration file The downloaded file reconfigures all of the Router s parameters Configuration files are available from a site maintained by your organization s network administrator or from your local site see Uploading configuration files below Follow these steps to download a configuration file 1 Make sure you have the configuration file on disk and know the path to its location 2 Select Send Config to Netopia and press Return The following dialog box appears Do you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia If so when you hit Return Enter on the CONTINUE button you will have 10 seconds to begin the transfer from your terminal program CONTINUE 3 Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new configuration into effect Uploading configuration files A file containing a snapshot of the Netopia R9100 s current configuration can be uploaded from the router to disk The file can then be downloaded by a different Netopia R9100 to configure its parameters
143. he TCP IP window select or type information into the fields as shown in the following table TCP IP Option Select Type Connect via AppleTalk MaclP Configure Using MaclP server MaclP Server zone select available zone Name server address Enter the primary and secondary name server addresses given to you by your ISP Implicit Search Path Enter your domain name if you do not have a Starting domain name domain name enter the domain name of your ISP 4 Close the TCP IP control panel and save the settings These are the only fields you need to modify in these screens Using Classic Networking MacTCP Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 13 1 Goto the Apple Menu Select Control Panels and then Network 2 Inthe Network window select EtherTalk DS He eee ec cP spores Cer E Hz jkk i Ti Ear Tg ra 2 IF Address sn eee ee ve enter sareseur ess O manueli l Class _B_ Address 163 176 8 0 W Serger Subnet Mask 255 255 259 0 Oysa TTT Node Range I Net Subnet Node ii Bits 16 Net H Routing Information Gateway Address Domain Name Server Information Domain IP Address Default Eamonn resa7eato lJ 0 Go back to the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then MacTCP 4 Select EtherTalk From the pull down menu under EtherTalk select an available zone then click the More button In the MacTCP More window select the Server radio bu
144. he filter to match on select Socket and enter an IPX socket number To specify a type number for the filter to match on select Type and enter an IPX type number To specify an IPX network address for the filter to match on select IPX Network and enter an IPX network address To specify an IPX node address for the filter to match on select IPX Node Address and enter an IPX node address Select ADD FILTER NOW to save the current filter Select CANCEL to exit the Add SAP Filter screen without saving the new filter Deleting a SAP filter To delete a SAP filter select Delete IPX SAP filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of filters Select a filter from the table and press Return to delete it Press Escape to exit the table without deleting the filter Security 13 27 IPX SAP filter sets Before IPX SAP filters can be used they must be grouped into sets A SAP filter can be part of more than one filter set Viewing and modifying SAP filter sets To display a table of IPX SAP filter sets select Display Change IPX SAP Filter Sets in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets To modify any of the filter sets in the list select the desired filter set and go to the Change SAP Filter Set screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add SAP Filter Set screen see the previous section Adding a SAP filter set To add a new IPX SAP filter set select Add
145. he new filter set Select CANCEL You are returned to the IP Filter Sets screen 13 14 User s Reference Guide Input and output filters source and destination There are two kinds of filters you can add to a filter set input and output Input filters check packets received from the Internet destined for your network Output filters check packets transmitted from your network to the Internet OL input filter LAN 7 packet output filter The Netopia R Series Router Packets in the Netopia R9100 pass through an input filter if they originate in the WAN and through an output filter if they re being sent out to the WAN The process for adding input and output filters is exactly the same The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination From the perspective of an input filter your local network is the destination of the packets it checks and the remote network is their source From the perspective of an output filter your local network is the source of the packets and the remote network is their destination Type of filter Source means Destination means Input filter The remote network The local network Output filter The local network The remote network Adding filters to a filter set In this section you ll learn how to add an input filter to a filter set Adding an output filter works exactly the same way providing you keep the different source and destination perspec
146. he sheet of optional feature set add ons in your Netopia R9100 documentation folio The AppleTalk feature expansion kit includes a dual RJ 11 PhoneNET connector that attaches to the Auxiliary port on the Netopia R9100 Netopia R9100 Auxiliary port for connecting to LocalTalk Console Power Auxiliary connection port HD 15 female Connect the male HD 15 end of the LocalTalk cable to the Auxiliary port on your Netopia R9100 Connect the other end of the cable to your LocalTalk network You can use only one connection on the Auxiliary port You Cannot use both the PhoneNET connector and an external modem If your LocalTalk network is not based on standard PhoneNET cabling use a PhoneNET to LocalTalk adaptor cable available from Farallon Communications Inc Connect the adaptor cable s RJ 11 connector to the AppleTalk cable s PhoneNET connector Connect the cable s mini DIN 3 connector to your LocalTalk network Be sure to observe the standard rules governing maximum cable lengths and limits on the number of nodes on a PhoneNET network The dual RJ 11 PhoneNET connector allows insertion in the LocalTalk daisy chain or at the end If the device is connected at the end of the daisy chain you must install the accompanying terminator Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 9 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling 22 gauge 24 gauge 26 gauge Daisy Daisychain mo n a 1800f 549 m Backbone 4500 ha 3000 ft 1800 ft 1372 m 229 m 54
147. he two nested subnets valid addresses used by a b c 128 valid addresses used 249 by a b c 248 254 Broadcasts As mentioned earlier binary IP host or subnet addresses composed entirely of ones or zeros are reserved for broadcasting A broadcast packet is a packet that is to be delivered to every host on the network if both the host address and the subnet address are all ones or all zeros or to every host on the subnetwork if the host address is all ones or all zeros but the subnet address is a combination or zeros and ones Instead of making many copies of the packet individually addressed to different hosts all the host machines know to pay attention to broadcast packets as well as to packets addressed to their specific individual host addresses Depending on the age and type of IP equipment you use broadcasts will be addressed using either all zeros or all ones but not both If your network requires zeros broadcasting you must configure this through SNMP Packet header types As previously mentioned IP works with other protocols to allow communication over IP networks When IP is used on an Ethernet network IP works with the Ethernet or 802 3 framing standards among other protocols These two protocols specify two different ways to organize the very first signals in the sequence of electrical Signals that make up an IP packet travelling over Ethernet By default the Netopia R9100 uses Ethernet packet headers for IP traffic If
148. hernet they must use a MaclP AppleTalk IP gateway The optional Netopia AppleTalk feature enhancement kit provides for this service MaclP gateway converts network traffic into the correct format for AppleTalk or IP depending on the traffic s destination The MaclP gateway can also distribute IP addresses to AppleTalk computers on the network Note Macintosh computers that have LocalTalk or EtherTalk selected in the MacTCP control panel or AppleTalk MaclIP selected in the TCP IP control panel must use the MaclP gateway to communicate with the Internet or any other IP network Users should point their MacTCP or TCP IP control panel to look in the LocalTalk zone for the MaclP server Macintosh computers that have Ethernet selected in the MacTCP or TCP IP control panel can do their own AppleTalk IP conversions Setting up MaclP involves choosing MaclP dynamic address serving and then configuring that type KIP forwarding is simply a method for distributing IP addresses to AppleTalk clients m Inthe IP Address Serving screen select Serve Mac IP KIP Clients and toggle to Yes to enable MaclP KIP address serving capability This option is automatically enabled if the AppleTalk kit is installed and IP Address Serving is enabled m Select MaciP KIP Static Options and press Return The MaclP KIP Forwarding screen appears 9 24 User s Reference Guide The MaclP KIP Forwarding Setup screen tells the Netopia R9100 how many static a
149. hese zones as a default zone The default zone is temporarily assigned to any Phase II EtherTalk node that hasn t chosen a zone The user may choose another zone by opening the Network Control Panel selecting the correct physical connection and then choosing a zone in the scrolling field displayed DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A service that lets clients on a LAN request configuration information such as IP host addresses from a server DNS Domain Name Service A TCP IP protocol for discovering and maintaining network resource information distributed among different servers download The process of transferring a file from a server to a client Glossary 3 DTE Data Terminal Equipment Term defined by standards committees that applies to communications equipment typically personal computers or data terminals as distinct from other devices that attach to the network typically modems or printers DCE The distinction generally refers to which pins in an RS 232 lt connection transmit or receive data Pins 2 and 3 are reversed Also see DCE EIA Electronic Industry Association A North American standards association Ethernet A networking protocol that defines a type of LAN characterized by a 10 Mbps megabits per second data rate Ethernet is used in many mainframe PC and UNIX networks as well as for EtherTalk Ethernet address Sometimes referred to as a hardware address A 48 bits long number assigned to
150. hosts that need to use them All Netopia R9100s come with an integrated Dynamic Host Control Protocol DHCP server Some routers also come with a Macintosh Internet Protocol MaclP server These servers provide a means of distributing IP addresses to either a Mac or PC workstation as needed When setting up the DHCP or MaclIP servers in the Netopia R9100 it is necessary to understand how workstations lease renew and release their IP addresses This information is helpful in determining dynamic address allocation for a network The term lease describes the action of a workstation requesting and using an IP address The address is dynamic and can be returned to the address pool at a later time The term renew refers to what the workstations do to keep their leased IP address At certain intervals the workstation talks to the DHCP or MacIP server and renews the lease on that IP address This renewal allows the workstation to keep and use the assigned IP address until the next renewal period The term release refers to a situation where the workstation is no longer using its assigned IP address or has been shut down IP addresses can be manually released as well The IP address goes back into the DHCP or MaclP address pool to be reassigned to another workstation as needed Technical note on subnet masking Note The IP address supplied by the Netopia R9100 will be a unique number You may want to replace this number with a nu
151. hour using either the 12 hour or 24 hour clock and MM is the minutes 3 Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM Console configuration You can change the default terminal communications parameters to suit your requirements WAN and System Configuration 8 13 To go to the Console Configuration screen select Console Configuration in the System Configuration screen Console Configuration Baud Rate 57600 Hardware Flow Control No SET CONFIG NOW CANCEL Follow these steps to change a parameter s value 1 Select the parameter you want to change 2 Select a new value for the parameter Return to step 1 if you want to configure another parameter 3 Select SET CONFIG NOW to save the new parameter settings Select CANCEL to leave the parameters unchanged and exit the Console Configuration screen SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol These screens allow you to monitor and configure your network by means of a standard Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP agent m Details are given in SNMP on page 12 12 Security These screens allow you to add users and define passwords on your network m Details are given in Security on page 13 1 Upgrade feature set You can upgrade your Netopia R9100 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade or visit the Netopia Web site at www netopia com for information on new
152. ients indicates that no addresses will be served from the corresponding Ethernet IP subnet The Client Gateway column allows you to specify the default gateway address that will be provided to clients served an address from the corresponding pool The value defaults to the Netopia R9100 s IP address on the corresponding subnet or the Netopia R9100 s default gateway if that gateway is located on the subnet in question You can override the value by entering any address that is part of the subnet DHCP BootP dynamic WAN and dynamic MaclP clients may receive an address from any one of the address serving pools configured on this screen Static MaclP clients are not served addresses but must be manually configured with addresses from within the specific range of addresses reserved for that purpose on the MaclP KIP Forwarding Setup screen See MaclP KIP forwarding setup on page 9 23 9 20 User s Reference Guide Numerous factors influence the choice of served address It is difficult to specify the address that will be served to a particular client in all circumstances However when the address server has been configured and the clients involved have no prior address serving interactions the Netopia R9100 will generally serve the first unused address from the first address pool with an available address The Netopia R9100 starts from the pool on the first row and continues to the pool on the last row of this screen Once the
153. iguring your router using a Telnet session your computer must be running a Telnet software program If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows you can use a Windows Telnet application or simply run Telnet from the Start menu If you connect a Macintosh computer you can use the NCSA Telnet program supplied on the Netopia R9100 CD You install NCSA Telnet by simply dragging the application from the CD to your hard disk Connecting a console cable to your router You can perform all of the system configuration activities for your Netopia R9100 through a local serial console connection using terminal emulation software such as HyperTerminal provided with Windows95 on the PC or ZTerm included on the Netopia CD for Macintosh computers The Netopia R9100 back panel has a connector labeled Console for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer On a Macintosh computer the serial port is called the Modem port or Printer port This connection lets you use the computer to configure and monitor the Netopia R9100 via the console screens Auxiliary Normal RE Uplink Console connection port DB 9 male To connect the Netopia R9100 to your computer for serial console communication use the supplied dual console cable connector end appropriate to your platform One DB 9 connector end attaches to a PC The mini DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh computer The DB 9 end of the Co
154. inary analog telephone service such as that used for voice transmission as distinct from digital service PPP Point to Point Protocol A protocol for framing IP packets and transmitting them over a serial line protocol A set of rules for communication sometimes made up of several smaller sets of rules also called protocols AppleTalk is a protocol that includes the LocalTalk EtherTalk and TokenTalk protocols remapping See network number remapping RFC Request for Comment A series of documents used to exchange information and standards about the Internet RIP Routing Information Protocol A protocol used for the transmission of IP routing information RJ 11 A telephone industry standard connector type usually containing four pins RJ 45 A telephone industry standard connector type usually containing eight pins 6 User s Reference Guide router A device that supports network communications A router can connect identical network types such as LocalTalkto LocalTalk or dissimilar network types such as LocalTalk to Ethernet However unless a gateway is available a common protocol such as TCP IP must be used over both networks Routers may be equipped to provide WAN line support to the LAN devices they serve They may also provide various management and monitoring functions as well as a variety of configuration capabilities router port A physical or logical connection between a router and a network Where a network on
155. ing EtherTalk LocalTalk and AURP EtherTalk setup In the System Configuration screen select Network Protocols Setup and then select AppleTalk Setup Select EtherTalk Phase Il Setup and press Return EtherTalk Phase II Setup EtherTalk Phase II Enabled Show Zones Enter New Zone Name Delete Zone Name set Default Zone Net Low Net Hi Seeding Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss m f you are using EtherTalk Phase II on the Ethernet network connected to the Netopia R9100 select EtherTalk Phase I Enabled and toggle it to On m To view the zones available to EtherTalk Phase Il select Show Zones and press Return You can dismiss the list of zones by pressing Return or Escape m Select Enter New Zone Name to enter a new zone name Note Your EtherTalk network number and zone name must match the values in use on the EtherTalk network If another router is already present on the EtherTalk network that you will be connecting to the Netopia R9100 use the zone names and network numbers used by that router for that EtherTalk network Otherwise your EtherTalk network may experience routing conflicts The Netopia R9100 supports creating up to 32 zone names As an alternative you can set EtherTalk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R9100 receive the zone name and network number from the other router m To remove zones from the list select Delete Zone Name and press Return to see the zones lis
156. ing dialog box Are you sure you want to read the firmware now The device will reset when the transfer is complete CANCEL CONTINUE m Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new firmware into effect While the system resets the LEDs will blink on and off Caution m Be sure the firmware update you load onto your router is the correct version for your particular model Some models do not support all firmware versions Loading an incorrect firmware version can permanently damage the unit m Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R9100 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged m f you choose to download the firmware the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Downloading configuration files The Netopia R9100 can be configured by downloading a configuration file using TFTP Once downloaded the file reconfigures all of the router s parameters as if Someone had manually done so through the console port To download a configuration file follow these steps Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located Select Config File Name and enter the name of
157. ing your web browser and entering the URL http router_IP_Address smartview html where router IP_address is the address of your router Once you have invoked the SmartView pages bookmark SmartView in your browser for easy access Monitoring Tools 12 17 General Machine information page SmartView uses tabbed pages to categorize information and reduce the amount of information displayed at once Click on the tabs to display the different informational categories In addition to the static machine information about your router such as model and firmware version SmartView displays a realtime visual representation of the Netopia R9100 s status lights LEDs This is particularly useful if the router is located out of visual range such as in a wiring closet Nechi iS Corradini Pere Dever Everi Hain AH Everi Herter H dsl ALO pla HUIT Varnisn Fhdr esss i Tira Rade u Gea res Spiker Wincor Event history pages The Netopia R9100 records certain relevant occurrences in event histories Event histories are useful for diagnosing problems because they list what happened before during and after a problem occurs You can view two different event histories one for the router s system and one for the WAN The Netopia R9100 s built in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset 12 18 User s Reference Guide The router s event histories are structured to display the most recent events fi
158. inspectors lined up to examine a package If the package matches the first inspector s criteria the package Is either rejected or passed on to its destination depending on the first inspector s particular orders In this case the package is never seen by the remaining inspectors 13 6 User s Reference Guide packet first filter send to next filter pass or discard discard delete to network If the package does not match the first inspector s criteria it goes to the second inspector and so on You can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is very important For example let s say the first inspector s orders are to send along all packages that come from Rome and the second inspector s orders are to reject all packages that come from France If a package arrives from Rome the first inspector sends it along without allowing the second inspector to see it A package from Paris is ignored by the first inspector rejected by the second inspector and never seen by the others A package from London is ignored by the first two inspectors so it s seen by the third inspector In the same way filter sets apply their filters in a particular order The first filter applied can pass or discard a packet before that packet ever reaches any of the other filters If the first filter can neither pass nor discard the packet because it cannot match any criteria the second filter has a chance to pass or reje
159. ional the information you enter in these items can help a system administrator manage the network more efficiently Community strings The Read Only Community String and the Read Write Community String are like passwords that must be used by an SNMP manager querying or configuring the Netopia R9100 An SNMP manager using the Read Only Community String can examine statistics and configuration information from the router but cannot modify the router s configuration An SNMP manager using the Read Write Community String can both examine and modify configuration parameters 12 14 User s Reference Guide By default the read only and read write community strings are set to public and private respectively You Should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and trusted system adminis trators Starting with the version 4 3 firmware setting the Read Only and Read Write community strings to the empty String will block all SNMP requests to the router The router may still send SNMP Traps if those are properly enabled Previously if either community string was the empty string SNMP Requests specifying an empty community string were accepted and processed This change is designed to allow the administrator to block SNMP access to the router and to provide more granular control over the allowed SNMP operations to the router m Setting only the Read Write community string to the empty string will bl
160. ions below explain how to execute these steps Adding a filter set You can create up to eight different custom filter sets Each filter set can contain up to 16 output filters and up to 16 input filters To add a new filter set select Add IP Filter Set in the IP Filter Sets screen and press Return The Add Filter Set screen appears Note There are two groups of items in the Add IP Filter Set screen one for input filters and one for output filters The two groups work in essentially the same way as you ll see below Add IP Filter Set Filter Set Name Filter Set 2 Display Change Input Filter Add Input Filter Delete Input Filter Display Change Output Filter Add Output Filter Delete Output Filter ADD FILTER SET CANCEL Configure the Filter Set name and its associated Filters Naming a new filter set All new filter sets have a default name The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1 the next filter will be Filter Set 2 and so on To give a new filter set a different name select Filter Set Name and enter a new name for the filter set To save the filter set select ADD FILTER SET The saved filter set is empty contains no filters but you can return to it later to add filters see Modifying filter sets on page 13 17 Or you can add filters to your new set before saving it see Adding filters to a filter set on page 13 14 To leave the Add Filter Set screen without saving t
161. ions on Networking Vol 1 No 1 1993 Garfinkel Simson PGP Pretty Good Privacy Sebastopol CA O Reilly amp Associates 1991 A guide to the free data encryption program PGP and the issues surrounding encryption Green J K Telecommunications 2nd ed Homewood IL Business One Irwin 1992 Heinanen J Multiprotocol Encpasulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 RFC 1483 July 1993 Jones N E H and D Kosiur MacWorld Networking Handbook San Mateo CA IDG Books Worldwide Inc 1992 Kousky K Bridging the Network Gap LAN Technology Vol 6 No 1 January 1990 LaQuey Tracy The Internet Companion A Beginner s Guide to Global Networking Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1994 Leinwand A and K Fang Network Management A Practical Perspective Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1993 Levine John R and Carol Baroudi The Internet for Dummies Foster City CA IDG Books Worldwide 1993 Covers all of the most popular Internet services including e mail newsgroups and the World Wide Web Also has information on setting up Individual workstations with TCP IP stacks Lippis N The Internetwork Decade Data Communications Vol 20 No 14 October 1991 McNamara J E Local Area Networks Digital Press Educational Services Digital Equipment Corporation 12 Crosby Drive Bedford MA 01730 Malamud C Analyzing Novell Networks New York NY Van Nostrand Reinhold 1991 Malamud C Ana
162. is is commonly called firewalling your network Before creating filter sets you should read the next few sections to learn more about how these powerful security tools work What s a filter and what s a filter set A filter is a rule that lets you specify what sort of data can flow in and out of your network A particular filter can be either an input filter one that is used on data packets coming in to your network from the Internet or an output filter one that is used on data packets going out from your network to the Internet A filter set is a group of filters that work together to check incoming or outgoing data A filter set can consist of a combination of input and output filters Security 13 5 How filter sets work A filter set acts like a team of customs inspectors Each filter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass The inspectors work as a team but each inspects every package individually Each inspector has a specific task One inspector s task may be to examine the destination address of all outgoing packages That inspector looks for a certain destination which could be as specific as a street address or as broad as an entire country and checks each package s destination address to see if it matches that destination A filter inspects data packets like a customs inspector scrutinizing packages Filter priority Continuing the customs inspectors analogy imagine the
163. it before running SmartStart in case you do not want to use the dynamic addressing features built in to the Netopia Router and need to restore the fixed IP address Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 3 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard The SmartStart Wizard is tailored for your platform but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh Insert the Netopia CD and in the desktop navigation screen that appears launch the SmartStart Wizard application SmartStart Wizard configuration screens The screens described in this section are the default screens shipped on the Netopia CD They derive from two initialization ini files included in the same directory as the SmartStart application file Your reseller or your ISP may have supplied you with customized versions of these files If you have received a CD or diskette that has been customized by your reseller or ISP you can run the SmartStart Wizard directly from the CD or diskette and follow the instructions your reseller or ISP provides This makes your Netopia R9100 configuration even easier If you have received only the ini files from your reseller or ISP perform the following Copy the entire directory folder containing the SmartStart Wizard application from the Netopia CD to your hard disk Copy the customized ini files to the same directory folder that contains the SmartStart Wizard application allowing the copy process to overwr
164. ite the original ini files Run the SmartStart Wizard from your hard disk You can then follow the instructions your reseller or ISP provides The SmartStart Wizard presents a series of screens to guide you through the preliminary configuration of a Netopia R9100 It will then create a connection profile using the information you supply to it Welcome screen The first screen welcomes you to the SmartStart Wizard configuration utility Click the Next button after you have responded to the interactive prompts in each screen The Help button will display useful information to assist you in responding to the interactive prompts NA Welcome to smartStars Welcome This SmartStart wizard will help you properly configure your Netopia Router To begin configuring your router click Next lt Back Quit Help 5 4 User s Reference Guide Easy or Advanced options screen You can choose either Easy or Advanced setup Setup Options Click the option you want to use to set up your Netopia Router and then click Nest m f you choose Easy SmartStart automatically uses the preconfigured IP addressing setup built into your Welcome oe rhinite dad router This is the best choice if you are creating a te new network or don t already have an IP addressing anie a ec tre acing ele artSta scheme on your new network sm rt If you choose Easy you will see a Connection Test scr
165. l browse the World Wide Web read newsgroups etc These applications may require some configuration Examples include the Eudora e mail client and the Web browsers Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator TCP IP stack This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh communicate using Internet protocols TCP IP stacks must be configured with some of the same information you used to configure the Netopia R9100 There are a number of TCP IP stacks available for PC computers Windows 95 includes a built in TCP IP stack See Configuring TCP IP on Windows 95 98 or NT on page 3 2 Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport See Configuring TCP IP on a Macintosh Computer on page 3 4 Ethernet Ethernet hardware and software drivers enable your PC or Macintosh computer to communicate on the LAN EtherTalk and LocalTalk These are AppleTalk protocols used over Ethernet Once the Netopia R9100 is properly configured and connected to your LAN PC and Macintosh computers that have their required components in place will be able to connect to the Internet or other remote IP networks Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 5 Connecting to an Ethernet network The Netopia R9100 supports Ethernet connections through its eight Ethernet ports The router automatically detects which Ethernet port is in use You can connect either 10Base T or EtherWave Ethernet networks to the Netopia R9100 The following table displays
166. l LAN interface For example suppose the WWW server on the Internet with the IP address of 163 176 4 32 wants to access Workstation B on the Netopia R9100s local LAN interface which is operating as an FTP server The IP address for Workstation B is 192 168 5 3 which is not a valid IP address and thus the WWW server on the Internet cannot use this IP address to access Workstation B The WWW server on the Internet would then have to use the single valid IP address that was acquired on the Netopia R9100 s WAN interface to access any host on the Netopia R9100 s local LAN interface since this is the only valid address for the Internet But if the WWW server on the Internet opens a connection to 200 1 1 40 via port 21 FTP and no exported services are defined on the Netopia R9100 the Netopia R9100 will discard the incoming packet since the Netopia R9100 itself does not perform the requested service You can see why exported services are necessary In the example above an Exported Service needs to be defined within the Netopia R9100 redirecting any incoming IP traffic with a destination port of 21 to the host on the local LAN interface with the IP address of 192 168 5 3 C 6 User s Reference Guide If the WWW server on the Internet then tries to open a connection to the IP address of 200 1 1 40 with the appropriate Exported Service defined the Netopia R9100 will look at the destination port and will find that it is destined for port 21 FTP The
167. l Leases Release BootP Leases Reclaim Declined Addresses Hit RETURN ENTER you will return to the previous screen This screen has three options m Reset All Leases Resets all current IP addresses leased through DHCP without waiting for the default one hour lease period to elapse m Release BootP Leases Releases any BootP leases that may be in place and which may no longer be required m Reclaim Declined Addresses Reclaims served leases that have been declined for example by devices that may no longer be on the network 12 12 User s Reference Guide System Information The System Information screen gives a Summary view of the general system level values in the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router From the Statistics amp Logs menu select System Information The System Information screen appears System Information Serial Number 70 03 48 7340872 Firmware Version 4 3 Processor Speed MHz 33 Flash ROM Capacity MBytes 1 DRAM Capacity MBytes 4 Ethernet 8 Port 10Base T Auxiliary Serial Port LocalTalk WAN 1 Interface Ethernet WAN 2 Interface Not Installed AppleTalk Feature Set Installed Analog Dial In Kit Installed The information display varies by model firmware version feature set and so on You can tell at a glance your particular system configuration SNMP The Netopia R9100 includes a Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP agent allowing monitoring and configuration by a standard SNMP mana
168. lect Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address your ISP has given you An alternate or Secondary Domain Name Server field will appear where you can enter a secondary DNS IP address if your ISP has given you one 5 Ifyou do not enter a Default IP Gateway value the router defaults to the remote IP address you entered in Easy Setup If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP traffic it forwards that traffic to this gateway Do not confuse the remote IP address and the Default IP Gateway s address with the block of local IP addresses you receive from your ISP You use the local IP addresses for the Netopia R9100 s Ethernet port and for IP clients on your local network The remote IP address and the default gateway s IP address Should point to your ISP s router 6 Toggle IP Address Serving to On or Off 7 Select NEXT SCREEN and press Return The Easy Setup Security Configuration screen appears Easy Setup Security Configuration The Easy Setup Security Configuration screen lets you password protect your Netopia R9100 Input your Write Access Name and Write Access Password with names or numbers totaling up to eleven digits If you password protect the console screens you will be prompted to enter the name and password you have Specified every time you log in to the console screens Do not forget your name and password If you do you will be unable to access any of the configuration screens Additional se
169. list select the Configuration tab 2 Select TCP IP gt Your Network Card Then select Properties In the TCP IP Properties screen Shown below select the IP Address tab Click Specify an IP Address Enter the following IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 or for 12 user models 255 255 255 240 This address is an example of one that can be used to configure the router with the Easy option in the SmartStart Wizard Your ISP or network administrator may ask you to use a different IP address and Subnet mask Py Control Panel Sox LETTS a Ea TCP IP Properties L Accessibility Options 9 Mail and Fax s Add New Hardware G5 Microsoft Mail Postoffice ea Add Remove Programs amp Modems 35l Date Time D Mouse AT Desktop Themes amp Multimedia Client for Microsoft Networks Client for Netware Networks Farallon Ether wave Plug and Play PC ISA Card IPX SPX compatible Protocol M Find Fast iA Passwords al Fonts GAl Printers A InControl Tools Regional Settings A Internet Sounds System Client for Microsoft Networks 3 Click on the Gateway tab shown below Under New gateway enter 192 168 1 1 Click Add This is the Netopia R9100 s pre assigned IP address TCP IP Properties 192 168 1 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 9 Click on the DNS Configuration tab Click Enable DNS Enter the following information TCP IP Pr
170. ly allows the use of one protocol each physical connection corresponds to one logical router port An example is the Netopia ISDN Router s LocalTalk port Where a network allows the use of several protocols each physical connection may correspond to several logical router ports one for each protocol used Each router port has its own network address routing table A list of networks maintained by each router on an internet Information in the routing table helps the router determine the next router to forward packets to SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control A link level communications protocol used in an International Business Machines IBM Systems Network Architecture SNA network that manages synchronous codetransparent serial information transfer over a link connection SDLC is a subset of the more generic HDLC High Level Data Link Control protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization ISO seeding A method for ensuring that two or more routers agree about which physical networks correspond to which network numbers and zone names There are three options non seeding soft seeding and hard seeding Seeding can often be set separately for each router port See also hard seeding non seeding seed router and soft seeding seed router A router that provides network number and zone information to any router that starts up on the Same network See also hard seeding non seeding seeding and soft seeding
171. lyzing Sun Networks New York NY Van Nostrand Reinhold 1991 Martin J SNA IBM s Networking Solution Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1987 Martin J with K K Chapman and the ARBEN Group Inc Local Area Networks Architectures and Implementa tions Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1989 Miller A Mark Analyzing Broadband Networks Frame Relay SMDS amp ATM M amp T Books San Mateo CA 1994 An intermediate advanced reference on Frame Relay technologies Miller M A Internetworking A Guide to Network Communications LAN to LAN LAN to WAN 2nd ed San Mateo CA M amp T Books 1992 Miller M A LAN Protocol Handbook San Mateo CA M amp T Books 1990 Miller M A LAN Troubleshooting Handbook San Mateo CA M amp T Books 1989 Perlman R Interconnections Bridges and Routers Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1992 Rose M T The Open Book A Practical Perspective on OSI Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1990 Rose M T The Simple Book An Introduction to Management of TCP IP based Internets Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1991 Schwartz M Telecommunications Networks Protocols Modeling and Analysis Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1987 Sherman K Data Communications A User s Guide Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1990 Further Reading E 3 Sidhu G S R F Andrews and A B Oppenheimer Inside AppleTalk 2nd ed Reading MA Addison Wesley Publishing
172. maintained by your organization s network administration The procedure below applies whether you are using the console or the WAN interface module Follow these steps to update the Netopia R9100 s firmware 1 Make sure you have the firmware file on disk and know the path to its location 2 Select Send Firmware to Netopia or Send Firmware to Netopia WAN module and press Return The following dialog box appears Are you sure you want to send a firmware file to your Netopia If so when you hit Return Enter on the CONTINUE button you will have 10 seconds to begin the transfer from your terminal program CONTINUE 3 Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the firmware file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again Utilities and Diagnostics 14 11 The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new firmware into effect While the system resets the LEDs will blink on and off Caution Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R9100 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged Downloading configuration files The Netopia R9100 can be configured by downloading a confi
173. mber that your ISP supplies if you are configuring the router for a static IP address The automatic IP mask supplied by SmartStart is a Class C address However the Netopia R9100 and all devices on the same local network must have the same subnet mask If you require a different class address you can edit the IP Mask field to enter the correct address Refer to the table below Number of Devices other than Largest Possible Ethernet Subnet Netopia R9100 on Local Network M ask 2 5 255 255 255 248 6 13 255 255 255 240 14 29 255 255 255 224 Understanding IP Addressing B 7 Number of Devices other than Largest Possible Ethernet Subnet Netopia R9100 on Local Network M ask 30 61 253 255 255 192 62 125 255 255 255 128 125 259 255 255 255 0 Configuration This section describes the specific IP address lease renew and release mechanisms for both the Mac and PC with either DHCP or MaclP address serving DHCP address serving Windows 95 workstation The Win95 workstation requests and renews its lease every half hour The Win95 workstation does NOT relinquish its DHCP address lease when the machine is shut down The lease can be manually expired using the WINIPCFG program from the Win95 machine that is a command line program executable from the DOS prompt or from the START RUN menu Windows 3 1 workstation MSTCP Version 3 11a The Win3 1 workstation requests and renews its lease every half hour The Win3 1 workstation
174. mbers Understanding IP Addressing B 3 Subnet masks To create subnets the network manager must define a subnet mask a 32 bit number that indicates which bits in an IP address are used for network and subnetwork addresses and which are used for host addresses One Subnet mask should apply to all IP networks that are physically connected together and share a single assigned network number Subnet masks are often written in decimal notation like IP addresses but they are most easily understood in binary notation When a subnet mask is written in binary notation each numeral 1 indicates that the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network or subnet address Each 0 Indicates that the corresponding bit is part of the host address The following table shows the proper subnet masks to use for each class of network when no subnets are required Subnet mask for a network with no subnets A Binary 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 Decimal 255 0 0 0 Binary 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 Decimal 255 255 0 0 C Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 Decimal 255 255 255 0 To know whether subnets are being used or not you must know what subnet mask is being used you cannot determine this information simply from an IP address Subnet mask information is configured as part of the process of setting up IP routers and gateways such as the Netopia R9100 Note If you receive a routed account from an ISP there must be a ma
175. med First the IP addresses and Subnet masks are converted to binary and then combined with AND The rules for the logical use of AND are as follows 0 AND 0 0 0 AND 1 0 1 AND 0 0 1 AND 1 1 For example Filter rule Deny IP 163 176 1 15 BINARY 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 Mask 255 255 255 255 BINARY 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Incoming Packet IP 163 176 1 15 BINARY 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 If you put the incoming packet and subnet mask together with AND the result is 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 which matches the IP address in the filter rule and the packet Is denied Implied rules With a given set of filter rules there is an Implied rule that may or may not be shown to the user The implied rule tells the filter set what to do with a packet that does not match any of the filter rules An example of implied rules is as follows Y Y Y N If all filter rules are YES the implied rule is NO N N N Y If all filter rules are NO the implied rule is YES Y N Y N If a mix of YES and NO filters the implied rule is NO 13 32 User s Reference Guide Established connections The TCP header contains one bit called the ACK bit or TCP Ack bit This ACK bit appears only with TCP not UDP The ACK bit is part of the TCP mechanism that guaranteed the delivery of data The ACK bit is set whenever one side of a connection has received data from the other side Only the first TCP packet will no
176. mum limit of 15 hops select Enable Hop Count Reduction and toggle it to Yes Hosts on a local AppleTalk network will then see AppleTalk destinations across the IP tunnel as being only one hop away AppleTalk allows a packet up to 15 hops going through 15 AppleTalk routers to reach its destination Packets that must reach destinations more than 15 hops away will not succeed therefore tunneling from one large AppleTalk network to another could exceed that limit In such a case hop count reduction enables full network to network communication You have finished configuring AURP Monitoring Tools 12 1 Chapter 12 Monitoring Tools This chapter discusses the Netopia R9100 s device and network monitoring tools These tools can provide Statistical information report on current network status record events and help in diagnosing and locating problems This section covers the following topics m Quick View status overview on page 12 1 m Statistics amp Logs on page 12 3 m Event histories on page 12 5 m Routing tables on page 12 7 m Served IP Addresses on page 12 10 m System Information on page 12 12 m SNMP on page 12 12 m SmartView on page 12 16 Quick View status overview You can get a useful overall status report from the Netopia R9100 in the Quick View screen To go to the Quick View screen select Quick View in the Main Menu The Quick View screen has three status s
177. n To install the Syslog client daemon exit from the graphical Netopia CD program and locate the CD directory Structure through your Windows desktop or through Windows Explorer Go to the Goodies directory on the CD and locate the Sds15000 exe program This is the Syslog daemon installer Run the Sds15000 exe program and follow the on screen instructions for enabling the Windows Syslog daemon WAN and System Configuration 8 15 The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov V34 Nov Nov Nov Nov O1 O1 O1 O1 O1 O1 O1 O1 OF tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia Link 1 down PPP PAP failure gt gt Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN 5108645534 Requested Disc from DN 917143652500 Received Clear Confirm for our DN 5108645534 Link 1 down Manual disconnect gt gt Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN 5108645534 Requested Disc from DN 917143652500 Received Clear Confirm for our DN 5108645534 Link 1 down No answer com com com com com com com com com 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com Device restarted 5 LOS 14s LUS 5 LOS 14 DO Sas 5 10 14 5 LOS14 06 tsnext 06 tsnext 06 tsnext netopia com 06 tsnext 06 tsnext 06 tsnext 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com netopia netopia netopia
178. n for configuring IP packet filters For information see About filters and filter sets beginning on page 13 4 IP subnets The IP Subnets screen allows you to configure up to eight Ethernet IP subnets on unlimited user models one orimary subnet and up to seven secondary subnets by entering IP address subnet mask pairs IP Subnets IP Address Subnet Mask 192 128 117 162 255 255 255 0 Oe eo 0 0 0 0 IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 11 Note You need not use this screen if you have only a single Ethernet IP subnet In that case you can continue to enter or edit the IP address and subnet mask for the single subnet on the IP Setup screen This screen displays up to eight rows of two editable columns preceded by a row number between one and eight If you have eight subnets configured there will be eight rows on this screen Otherwise there will be one more row than the number of configured subnets The last row will have the value 0 0 0 0 in both the IP address and subnet mask fields to indicate that you can edit the values in this row to configure an additional Subnet All eight row labels are always visible regardless of the number of subnets configured m To add an IP subnet enter the Netopia R9100 s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address field in a particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask field in that row For example IP Subnets IP Address Subnet Mask 192 128 117 16
179. n path on page 7 3 for a handy worksheet Note The default gateway WAN address and mask DNS and domain name are all obtainable via WAN DHCP if your ISP supports it With Network Address Translation If you are using SmartIP NAT you should obtain the following m f you are connecting to a remote site using Network Address Translation on your router your provider will not define the IP address information on your local LAN You can define this information based on an IP configuration that may already be in place for the existing network Alternatively you can use the default IP address range used by the router where 192 168 1 1 is the default IP address of the router Without Network Address Translation If you are not using Network Address Translation you will need to obtain all of the local LAN IP address information from your ISP and you will need to pay for an IP address for each device on the network If you are not using SmartiP NAT you should obtain m The Ethernet IP address for your Netopia R9100 m The Ethernet IP subnet mask for your Netopia R9100 m An IP address for each device on your network in the same network range as the Netopia R9100 2 4 User s Reference Guide Making the Physical Connections 3 1 Chapter 3 Making the Physical Connections This section tells you how to make the physical connections to your Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router This section covers the following topics Find a location
180. n profiles are useful only on an asynchronous modem attached to the Auxiliary port This requires enabling the Asynch modem feature set available as an add on option order TER AD1 See the accompanying list of available add on options in your product folio If you have enabled the Auxiliary port option you can create Connection Profiles Otherwise you can skip this section Connection Profiles define the telephone and networking protocols necessary for the router to make a remote connection A Connection Profile is like an address book entry describing how the router is to get to a remote site or how to recognize and authenticate a remote user dialing in to the router For example to create a new Connection Profile you navigate to the WAN Configuration screen from the Main Menu and select Add Connection Profile Main WAN Add Connection Menu Configuration Profile 8 4 User s Reference Guide The Add Connection Profile screen appears Add Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 02 Profile Enabled Yes IP Enabled Yes IP Profile Parameters IPX Enabled No Date Link Pnecapsu lat rons Data Link OPTIONS a7 Telco Options ADD PROFILE NOW CANCEL Return accepts ESC cancels Left Right moves insertion point Del deletes Configure a new Conn Profile Finished ADD or CANCEL to exit On a Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router you can add up to 15 more connection profiles for a total of 16 but you can only use one at
181. n screen m The Easy Setup menus display and permit changing the values contained in the default WAN and IP configuration Experienced users can use Easy Setup to initially configure the router directly through a console session Easy Setup menus contain up to five descendant screens for viewing or altering these values The number of screens depends on whether you have optional features installed m The WAN Configuration menu displays and permits changing your WAN and IP configuration s and default profile and configuring or reconfiguring the manner in which you may be using the router to connect to 6 2 User s Reference Guide more than one service provider or remote site The System Configuration menus display and permit changing m Network protocols setup See IP Setup and Network Address Translation on page 9 1 IPX Setup on page 10 1 and AppleTalk Setup on page 11 1 m Filter sets firewalls See Security on page 13 1 m P address serving See IP address serving on page 9 16 m Date and time See Date and time on page 8 12 m Console configuration See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 m SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol See SNMP on page 12 12 m Security See Security on page 13 1 Upgrade feature set See Upgrade feature set on page 8 13 The Utilities amp Diagnostics menus provide a selection of seven tools for monitoring and
182. n the IPX Setup screen EtherTalk Address The Netopia R9100 s AppleTalk address on its EtherTalk Phase Il interface entered in the EtherTalk Phase Il Setup screen only if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed LocalTalk Address The Netopia R9100 s AppleTalk address on its LocalTalk interface entered in the LocalTalk Setup screen only if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed Status lights This section shows the current realtime status of the Netopia R9100 s status lights LEDs It is useful for remotely monitoring the router s status The Quick View screen s arrangement of LEDs corresponds to the physical arrangement of LEDs on the router Monitoring Tools 12 3 PWR WAN1 CON AUX WAN2 E LNK RDY CHL Ch LNK LNK LNK RDY CHI CH2 DATA v ULE GG Green G Y E R Red y Yellow Each LED representation can report one of four states Adash means the LED is off R The letter R means the LED is red G The letter G means the LED is green Y The letter Y means the LED is yellow The section Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router status lights on page 3 4 describes the meanings of the colors for each LED Statistics amp Logs Statistics amp Logs General Statistics When you are troubleshooting your Netopia R9100 the Statistics amp Logs screens provide insight into the recent event activities of the rou
183. n the Statistics amp Logs screen select IP Routing Table and press Return The IP routing table displays all of the IP routes currently known to the Netopia R9100 IP Routing Table Network SCROLL UP 0 0 0 0 127 0 0 Loopback Local 192 168 1 1 Ethernet Local 192 168 1 1 Ethernet Local 192 168 11 15 Ethernet Bcast 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 55 255 255 255 255 255 255 Bcast SCROLL UPDATE IPX routing table In the Statistics amp Logs screen select IPX Routing Table and press Return The IPX routing table displays all of the IPX routes currently known to the Netopia R9100 Monitoring Tools 12 9 IPX Sap Bindery table In the Statistics amp Logs screen select IPX Sap Bindery Table and press Return The IPX Sap Bindery table displays all of the IPX Sap Bindery routes currently known to the Netopia R9100 AppleTalk routing table In the Statistics amp Logs screen select AppleTalk Routing Table and press Return An AT Routing Table similar to the one shown below will appear The AppleTalk routing table displays information about the current state of AppleTalk networks connected to the Netopia R9100 including remote AppleTalk networks connected with AURP This information is gathered from other active AppleTalk routers AT Routing Table Hops State Next Rtr Addr Pkts Pwded SCROLL UP Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good AdMan Aspirations Sales Marketing Molluscs Customer Service
184. n two or more hosts on the LAN interface are accessing the same type of service on the Internet like a WWW server port 80 for example Now look at how two hosts on the LAN interface accessing the same WWW server on the Internet will work Netopia Router LAN 192 168 5 1 Workstations WAN 200 1 1 40 A amp B O WWW Server ISP Router 163 176 4 32 200 1 1 1 O ISP Router to WWW Src IP 200 1 1 40 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 5001 Dst Port 80 ISP Router to WWW Src IP 200 1 1 40 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 5002 Dst Port 80 WWW to ISP Router Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 200 1 1 40 Src Port 80 Dst Port 5002 WWW to ISP Router Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 200 1 1 40 Src Port 80 Dst Port 5001 Netopia to ISP Router Src IP 200 1 1 40 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 5001 Dst Port 80 Netopia to ISP Router Src IP 200 1 1 40 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 5002 Dst Port 80 ISP Router to Netopia Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 200 1 1 40 Src Port 80 Dst Port 5002 ISP Router to Netopia Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 200 1 1 40 Src Port 80 Dst Port 5001 Wksin A to Netopia Src IP 192 168 5 2 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 400 Dst Port 80 Wksin B to Netopia Src IP 192 168 5 3 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 400 Dst Port 80 Netopia to Wkstn B Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 192 168 5 3 Src Port 80 Dst Port 400 Netopia to Wkstn A Src IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 192 16
185. nd LAN statistics screens to see more specific information on data traffic flow and address serving See Statistics amp Logs on page 12 3 for more information Troubleshooting A 3 How to reset the router to factory defaults Lose your password This section shows how to reset the router so that you can access the console screens once again Keep in mind that all of your connection profiles and settings will need to be reconfigured If you don t have a password the only way to get back into the Netopia R9100 is the following 1 Turn the router upside down 2 Referring to the diagram below find the paper clip size Reset Switch slot Reset Switch Slot 3 Carefully insert the larger end of a standard size paper clip until you contact the internal Reset Switch No need to unwind the paper clip 4 Press this switch 5 This will reset the unit to factory defaults and you will now be able to reprogram the router Power outages If you Suspect that power was restored after a power outage and the Netopia R9100 Is connected to a remote site you may need to switch the Netopia R9100 off and then back on again After temporary power outages a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected Rebooting the router should reestablish the connection A 4 User s Reference Guide Technical support Netopia Inc is committed to providing its customers with reliable products and documentation backed by excellent te
186. nd press Return The Change SAP Filter screen appears The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add SAP Filter screen See the next section 13 26 User s Reference Guide Adding a SAP filter To add a new IPX SAP filter select Add IPX SAP Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Return The Add SAP Filter screen appears Add Sap Filter Filter Name server Name Socket 0000 Type 0000 IPX Network 00000000 IPX Node Address 000000000000 ADD FILTER NOW CANCEL Return accepts ESC cancels Left Right moves insertion point Del deletes Configure a new IPX SAP Filter Finished ADD or CANCEL to exit By default the filter s socket and type numbers and network and node addresses are null all zeros This sets the filter to match on any IPX SAP packet entry Configure the filter using criteria that meet your needs Follow these steps to configure the new SAP filter l 2 Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter To specify a server name for the filter to match on select Server Name and enter the name of an IPX server You can use the wildcard characters asterisk and question mark Use to match any string including a null string no characters and to match any single character in the server s name For example the filter could match on the server name NETOPIA with NETO NETO IA and NETOPIA To specify a socket for t
187. ng m The type of higher layer Internet protocol the packet is carrying such as TCP or UDP Port numbers A filter can also match a packet s port number attributes but only if the filter s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP since only those protocols use port numbers The filter can be configured to match the following m The source port number the port on the sending host that originated the packet m The destination port number the port on the receiving host that the packet is destined for 13 8 User s Reference Guide By matching on a port number a filter can be applied to selected TCP or UDP services such as Telnet FTP and World Wide Web The tables below show a few common Services and their associated port numbers ee one lt i amom s phe E S Whos Is 43 AppleTalk Routing Routing DRE NS Maintenance at tmp World Wide Web AppleTalk Name Binding at nbp Port number comparisons A filter can also use a comparison option to evaluate a packet s source or destination port number The comparison options are No Compare No comparison of the port number specified in the filter with the packet s port number Not Equal To For the filter to match the packet s port number cannot equal the port number specified in the filter Less Than For the filter to match the packet s port number must be less than the port number specified in the filter Less Than or Equal For the filter to match the packet s
188. ng else If the other rule is used you would have to figure out everything that you want to disallow now and in the future Firewall Logic Firewall design is a test of logic and filter rule ordering Is critical If a packet is passed through a series of filter rules and then the packet matches a rule the appropriate action is taken The packet will not pass through the remainder of the filter rules For example if you had the following filter set Allow WWW access Allow FTP access Allow SMTP access Deny all other packets and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP the packet would pass through the first rule WWW go through the second rule FTP and match this rule the packet is allowed through If you had this filter set for example Allow WWW access Allow FTP access Deny FIP access Deny all other packets Security 13 31 and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP the packet would pass through the first filter rule WWW match the second rule FTP and the packet is allowed through Even though the next rule is to deny all FTP traffic the FTP packet will never make it to this rule Binary representation It is easiest when doing filtering to convert the IP address and mask in question to binary This will allow you to perform the logical AND to determine whether a packet matches a filter rule Logical AND function When a packet is compared in most cases a logical AND function is perfor
189. ng to an Ethernet network 4 5 OT on 4 5 Adding an external modem 4 7 Connecting to a LocalTalk network stcisairoieardidonaariaorvaedes 4 8 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling 4 9 Chapter 5 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 1 B OrS running SINGS ARE asian 5 2 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 3 SmartStart Wizard configuration screens 0 5 3 Bey OOO LP neni ainacy anita aasnwetnnant 5 4 PONS OC AOU asistencia dite 5 5 SAT He CONNECTION nrcsrrorinarep tena 5 6 Configuring TCP IP on Windows 95 98 or NT CON PUTT a as ta mine 5 6 Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh computers 5 10 Chapter 6 Console Based Management cccsecseeeeeeseeeeeees 6 1 Connecting through a Telnet session 6 2 Configuring Telnet software cccecceeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 6 3 Connecting a console cable to your router 6 3 Navigating through the console screens ereere 6 4 Chapter 7 Easy Setup 7 1 Easy Setup console screens 7 1 Accessing the Easy Setup console screens 7 1 Quick Easy Setup connection path 7 3 If your ISP Supports DHCP enr 7 3 If your ISP doesn t support DHCP 7 3 More Easy Setup options nations 75 WAN Ethernet Configuration ccccecceceeeeeeeeeeees 75 Feo SD RE TT 76 Easy Setup Security Configuration 1 1 Contents iii Part Il Ad
190. nnected to an AURP capable router When two networks using AppleTalk communicate with each other through a network based on the Internet Protocol they are said to be tunneling through the IP network The Netopia R9100 uses AURP to allow your AppleTalk network to tunnel to designated AppleTalk partner networks as well as to accept connections from remote AppleTalk networks tunneling to your AppleTalk LAN Routers and seeding To configure AppleTalk networks you must understand the concept of seeding Seeding is the process by which routers or more specifically router ports agree on what routing information is valid AppleTalk routers that have been reset for example must decide what zones and network numbers are valid before they begin routing In this case a router may use the information it has stored or information it receives from another router depending on how it has been configured To help ensure agreement between routers on a network a seed router is configured with the correct information and other routers obtain their information from that router when they are turned on or reset Routers commonly use one of three types of seeding procedures hard seeding soft seeding and non seeding Hard seeding When a router that uses hard seeding is turned on or reset it requests network number and zone name information from any existing routers on the networks it will serve If no other routers reply the router uses the network n
191. not have its address taken away by the address server Appropriate candidates for a static address include a network administrator s computer a computer dedicated to communicating with the Internet and routers Using address serving The Netopia R9100 provides three ways to serve IP addresses to computers on a network The first Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is supported by PCs with Microsoft Windows and a TCP IP stack Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system may also be able to use DHCP The second way MaclP is for Macintosh computers The third way called Serve Dynamic WAN Clients IPCP is used to fulfill WAN client requirements The Netopia R9100 can use both DHCP and MaclP Whether you use one or both depends on your particular networking environment If that environment includes both PCs and Macintosh computers that do not use Open Transport you need to use both DHCP and MaclP to distribute IP addresses to all of your computers Serve dynamic WAN clients The third method used to fulfill WAN client requirements is called Serve Dynamic WAN Clients This is a subset of PPP Originally this would apply only to switched WAN interface routers and not to leased line routers However a new feature can give you Asynchronous PPP dial in support on the Auxiliary port on any router including leased line Netopia routers Understanding IP Addressing B 9 In any situation where a de
192. nsole cable attaches to the Netopia R9100 s Console port If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows 95 or NT you can use the HyperTerminal application bundled with the operating system If you connect a Macintosh computer you can use the ZTerm terminal emulation program on the supplied Netopia R9100 CD 6 4 User s Reference Guide Launch your terminal emulation software and configure the communications software for the values shown in the table below These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia R9100 uses Parameter Suggested Value Terminal type PC ANSI BBS Mac ANSI VT 100 or VT 200 Options are 9600 19200 38400 or 57600 bits per second Note The router firmware contains an autobaud detection feature If you are at any screen on the serial console you can change your baud rate and press Return HyperTerminal for the PC requires a disconnect The new baud rate is displayed at the bottom of the screen Navigating through the console screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia R9100 s configuration screens enter and edit information and make choices The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens To set a change to a selected item or open a pop up menu of options for a selected item like entering an upgrade key Restore an entry or toggle value to its previous value Easy Setup 7 1 Chapter 7 Easy Setup This chapter describes how to use the Easy
193. nt degradation of service in some situations Repairs to the certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas Caution Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority or electrician as appropriate The load number LN assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the total load to be connected to a telephone loop that is used by the device to prevent overloading The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the total of the load numbers of all the devices does not exceed 100 Important safety instructions Caution m The direct plug in power supply serves as the main power disconnect locate the direct plug in power supply near the product for easy access m For use only with CSA Certified Class 2 power supply rated 12VDC 1 5A Telecommunication installation cautions m Never install t
194. nterface to the Internet contains several bits of information that indicate to any device where the packet is going and where it came from In particular you have the source and destination port and source and destination IP addresses A port is used within IP to define a particular type of service and could be either a Transmission Control Protocol TCP port or User Datagram Protocol UDP port Both TCP and UDP are protocols that use IP as the underlying transport mechanism The major difference between TCP and UDP is that TCP Is a reliable delivery service whereas UDP is a best effort delivery service A list of wellknown TCP or UDP ports and services can be found in RFC 1700 If Workstation A wants to communicate with a World Wide Web WWW server on the Internet and the Netopia R9100 does not have NAT enabled Workstation A forms an IP packet with the source IP address of 192 168 5 2 and destination IP address of 163 176 4 32 The source port could be 400 while the destination port would be 80 WWW server The Netopia R9100 then looks at this IP packet determines the best routing method and sends that packet on its way across the WAN interface to the WWW server on the Internet With NAT enabled the Netopia R9100 does something different For example suppose that Workstation A again wants to communicate with the WWW server on the Internet Workstation A forms an IP packet with the source IP address of 192 168 5 2 and destination IP addres
195. ntly use a static IP address outside the 192 168 1 x network and want to continue using it use the Advanced option to assign the router an IP address in your target IP range See Advanced option on page 5 5 If all of the above steps fail to resolve the problem reset the router to its factory default settings and rerun SmartStart See Factory defaults on page 14 6 for instructions Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 5 5 When the test is successful SmartStart presents you with the Additional Configuration screen shown below Additional Configuration screen If you have a router that has a permanent unswitched connection to your ISP such as an Ethernet WAN interface router attached to a cable modem the Additional Configuration screen appears Telnet Launch Click on the button below to telnet to your router You may want to do additional configuration to customize your network environment SmartStart lets you launch your Telnet application Click the Telnet button to launch your Telnet application A y u Telnet to Router e o Advanced configuration options available via Telnet are TE NO OC explained in Console Based Management on page 6 1 However if you need no further configuration options click Quit Congratulations You re done Advanced option Router IP Address screen If you selected the Advanced option in the Easy or Advanced options screen on page 54
196. o Your Local Area Network This chapter describes how to physically connect the Netopia R9100 to your local area network LAN Before you proceed make sure the Netopia R9100 is properly configured You can customize the router s configuration for your particular LAN requirements using console based Management see Console Based Management on page 6 1 This section covers the following topics m Overview on page 4 1 Readying computers on your local network on page 4 4 m Connecting to an Ethernet network on page 4 5 Adding an external modem on page 4 7 Connecting to a LocalTalk network on page 4 8 Overview You can connect the Netopia R9100 to an IP or IPX network that uses Ethernet If you have purchased the AppleTalk feature expansion kit you can also connect the router to a LocalTalk network that uses PhoneNET cabling Additionally you can connect an external modem See Adding an external modem on page 4 7 Caution Before connecting the Netopia R9100 to any AppleTalk LANs that contain other AppleTalk routers you should read Routers and seeding on page 11 3 See the later sections in this chapter for details on how to connect the Netopia R9100 to different types of networks 4 2 User s Reference Guide Network Model The following diagrams illustrate network models for typical deployments of the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router as an Internet access device
197. o the Security Options screen To delete a user account select Delete User to display a list of accounts Select an account from the list and press Return to delete it To exit the list without deleting the selected account press Escape Dial in console access Remote modem terminal emulator setups can dial in to the modem line and establish a remote console session even though they are not using PPP This allows Netopia Inc s Up and Running Guaranteed department or other administrator with the appropriate security to remotely configure your router for you m To prevent any remote caller from establishing a remote session set the option Enable Dial in Console Access to No m lo allow access for Up and Running Guaranteed with the default name and password in place toggle this option to Yes 13 4 User s Reference Guide Enable SmartStart SmartView Web server You may want to restrict access to the Web based screens to prevent inadvertent switching or connecting and disconnecting of connection profiles Since SmartStart can be used to reconfigure the router you may want to block inadvertent damage resulting from unauthorized use of SmartStart To prevent access to these features toggle this option to No Telnet access Telnet is a TCP IP service that allows remote terminals to access hosts on an IP network The Netopia R9100 Supports Telnet access to its configuration screens Caution You should consider password prot
198. oad a configuration file follow these steps 1 Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located 2 Select Config File Name and enter a name for the file you will upload The file will appear with the name you choose on the TFTP server You may need to enter a file path along with the file name for example Mypc Netopia myfile 3 Select SEND CONFIG TO SERVER and press Return Netopia will begin to transfer the file 4 The TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Writing Config The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM You can transfer configuration and firmware files with XMODEM through the Netopia R9100 s console port Be Sure your terminal emulation program supports XMODEM fle transfers To go to the X Modem File Transfer screen select it in the Utilities amp Diagnostics menu Note The X Modem File Transfer screen is only available if you are connected via the Console port 14 10 User s Reference Guide X Modem File Transfer Send Firmware to Netopia Send Config to Netopia Receive Config from Netopia Send Firmware to Netopia WAN module WAN module Firmware Status Updating firmware Firmware updates may be available periodically from Netopia or from a site
199. ocal AppleTalk network change the Netopia R9100 will call any remote AURP partner and forward the new network information To enable network number remapping select Enable Network Number Remapping and toggle it to Yes You should enable network number remapping if you plan to use AURP when connecting to unknown AppleTalk networks for example when Accept Connections from Anyone is enabled With remapping the Netopia R9100 will substitute network numbers not used by your network for the numbers of other remote networks These safe remappings will only be used by local routers on your network remote routers will not be aware of the remapping 11 12 User s Reference Guide When network number remapping is enabled you must choose a safe range of network numbers as a destination for the remapping A safe range of network numbers does not intersect your local AppleTalk network s range of network numbers m To choose a destination range for the remapping select From under Remap into Range and enter a Starting value Then select To and enter an ending value Make sure the range you choose is large enough to accommodate all expected incoming AURP network numbers To improve the efficiency of remapping network numbers into a safe range select Cluster Remote Networks and toggle it to Yes This setting takes any number of remote networks being remapped and causes them to be remapped into a continuous range m To override the AppleTalk maxi
200. ock SNMP Set Requests to the router but Get Requests and Get Next Requests will still be honored using the Read Only community string assuming that is not the empty string m Setting only the Read Only community string to the empty string will not block Get Requests or Get Next Requests since those operations and Set Requests are still allowed using the non empty Read Write community string To change a community string select it and enter a new value Caution Even if you decide not to use SNMP you should change the community strings This prevents unauthorized access to the Netopia R9100 through SNMP For more information on security issues see Suggested security measures on page 13 1 SNMP traps An SNMP trap is an informational message sent from an SNMP agent in this case the Netopia R9100 to a manager When a manager receives a trap it may log the trap as well as generate an alert message of its own Standard traps generated by the Netopia R9100 include the following m An authentication failure trap is generated when the router detects an incorrect community string in a received SNMP packet Authentication Traps Enable must be On for this trap to be generated m Acold start trap is generated after the router is reset m An interface down trap ifDown is generated when one of the router s interfaces such as a port stops functioning or is disabled m An interface up trap ifUp is generated when one of the route
201. ols Setup and then select IPX Setup Note If you have completed Easy Setup the information you have already entered will appear in the IP Setup options screen IPX Setup IPX Routing On Ethernet Encapsulation 802 3 Ethernet Network Address 00000000 Ethernet Path Delay il Ethernet NetBios Forwarding No Ethernet Inbound SAP Filter Set lt lt NONE gt gt Default Gateway Address 00000000 Filters and Filter Sets IPX Wan Pool Base Address 00000000 Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels Set up the basic IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen 1 To enable IPX routing select IPX Routing toggle it to On and press Return 2 To change Ethernet encapsulation from the commonly used 802 3 standard select Ethernet Encapsulation and choose a different encapsulation method 3 Select Ethernet Network Address and enter the network address of the IPX network connected to the Netopia R9100 s Ethernet port Note If the Ethernet network address is set to zero the router will attempt to learn the address from any configured IPX device on the Ethernet network or from the remote IPX network when a call is established 4 To change the default path delay select Ethernet Path Delay and enter a value in ticks This value is used to determine the port cost of using the Ethernet port in IPX RIP calculations 5 To enable NetBIOS packet forwarding select Ethernet NetBios Forwarding and toggle it to Yes This
202. on and answer profile 8 8 Index 1 back panel 3 2 ports 3 3 basic firewall 13 18 BootP 9 16 clients 9 22 broadcasts B 13 C cable modem 2 1 Call acceptance scenarios 8 9 Capabilities 1 1 change static route 9 15 CHAP and answer profile 8 8 community strings 12 13 configuration troubleshooting PC A 1 configuration files downloading with TFTP 14 8 downloading with XMODEM 14 11 uploading with TFTP 14 9 uploading with XMODEM 14 11 configuration screens protecting 13 2 configuring with console based management 6 1 7 1 8 1 Index 2 Configuring profiles for incoming calls 8 8 configuring terminal emulation software 6 3 configuring the console 8 12 connecting to an Ethernet network 4 5 connecting to the configuration screens 8 9 connection profiles defined 7 5 console configuring 8 12 connection problems A 2 Screens connecting to 8 9 console configuration 8 13 console based management configuring with 6 1 7 1 8 1 D D port 13 10 date and time setting 8 12 deciding on an ISP account 2 2 default terminal emulation software settings 6 4 delete static route 9 15 designing a new filter set 13 11 DHCP defined B 8 DHCP NetBIOS options 9 21 display static routes 9 13 distributing IP addresses B 5 downloading configuration files 14 8 14 11 with TFTP 14 8 with XMODEM 14 11 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP 9 16 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol see DHCP Dynamic WAN 9 16 E
203. one hour after the last heard lease request as some other DHCP implementations may hold on to the lease for an additional time after the lease expired to act as a buffer for variances in clocks between the client and server MaclP serving Macintosh workstation MacTCP or Open Transport Once the Mac workstation requests and receives a valid address the Netopia R9100 actively checks for the workstation s existence once every minute m Fora dynamic address the Netopia R9100 releases the address back to the address pool after it has lost contact with the Mac workstation for over 2 minutes m Fora static address the Netopia R9100 releases the address back to the address pool after it has lost contact with the Mac workstation for over 20 minutes Netopia R9100 MaclIP server characteristics The Mac workstation uses ATP to both request and receive an address from the Netopia R9100 s MaclP server Once acquired NBP confirm packets will be sent out every minute from the Netopia R9100 to the Mac workstation Manually distributing IP addresses If you choose to manually distribute IP addresses you must enter each computer s address into its TCP IP stack software Once you manually issue an address to a computer it possesses that address until you manually remove it That s why manually distributed addresses are sometimes called static addresses Static addresses are useful in cases when you want to make sure that a host on your network can
204. operties Host Type the name you want to give to this computer Le aL pure domain name If you don t have a domain name type your ISP s RE domain name for example netopia com DNS Server Search happynet com emaye Order Type the primary DNS IP address given to you by your ISP Click Add Repeat this process for the secondary DNS a Domain Suffix Search Order Enter the same domain name you entered above 4 Click OK in this window and the next window When prompted reboot the computer Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address 5 10 User s Reference Guide Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh computers The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP IP for MacOS computers Configuring TCP IP in a Macintosh computer requires the following m You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking MacTCP installed Note If you want to use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server built into your Netopia R9100 to assign IP addresses to your Macintoshes you must be running Open Transport standard in MacOS 8 and optional in earlier system versions You can have your Netopia R9100 dynamically assign IP addresses using MacTCP however to do so requires that the optional AppleTalk kit be installed which can only be done after the router is configur
205. or more interconnected networks TCP IP protocols are the foundation of the Internet a worldwide network of networks connecting businesses governments researchers and educators telephone wall cable 2 pair 4 pair or 8 pair 22 or 24 gauge solid copper wire cable Telephone wall cable is sometimes called telephone station cable or twisted pair cable Glossary 7 TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol A protocol used to transfer files between IP nodes TFTP is often used to transfer firmware and configuration information from a UNIX computer acting as a TFTP server to an IP networking device such as the Netopia ISDN Router thicknet Industry jargon for 10Base5 coaxial cable the original Ethernet cabling thinnet Industry jargon for 10Base2 coaxial cable which is thinner smaller in diameter than the original Ethernet cabling UDP User Datagram Protocol A TCP IP protocol describing how packets reach applications in destination nodes wall jack Asmall hardware component used to tap into telephone wall cable An RJ 11 wall jack usually has four pins an RJ 45 wall jack usually has eight pins WAN wide area network A network that consists of nodes connected by long distance transmission media such as telephone lines WANs can span a state a country or even the world WAN IP In addition to being a router the Netopia ISDN Router is also an IP address server There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses ov
206. ork often shortened to internet Because devices on different networks can have duplicate node numbers AppleTalk tells them apart according to an additional part of their addresses the network number The Netopia R9100 assigns a unique network number to each member network In terms of the city street metaphor the network number is similar to the name of the street Putting a network number together with a node number fully specifies the address of a node on an internet To make the services on an internet manageable groups of devices on a network can be grouped into zones When this is done selecting a network service server etc includes choosing a zone from which the service can be selected Like network numbers zone names are assigned by routers A routing table is maintained by each AppleTalk router The table serves as a map of the internet specifying the path and distance in hops between its router and other networks The routing table is used to determine whether a router will forward a data packet and if so to which network You can use the information in the AppleTalk routing table to observe and diagnose the Netopia R9100 s Current connections to other AppleTalk routers To go to the AT Routing Table screen from the Netopia R9100 s console select Statistics amp Logs from the Main Menu and then select AppleTalk Routing Table An AT Routing Table similar to the one shown below appears AT Routing Table Hops State Next
207. otocols m IP Details are given in IP Setup and Network Address Translation on page 9 1 m PX Details are given in IPX Setup on page 10 1 m AppleTalk Details are given in AppleTalk Setup on page 11 1 Note AppleTalk requires the optional AppleTalk feature expansion Kit 8 12 User s Reference Guide Filter sets firewalls These screens allow you to configure security on your network by means of filter sets and a basic firewall m Details are given in Security on page 13 1 IP address serving These screens allow you to configure IP address serving on your network by means of DHCP WANIP BootP and with the optional AppleTalk kit MaclP m Details are given in IP address serving on page 9 16 Date and time You can set the system s date and time in the Set Date and Time screen Select Date and Time in the System Configuration screen and press Return The Set Date and Time screen appears Set Date and Time System Date Format MM DD YY Current Date MM DD YY 12 9 1998 System Time Format AM PM Current Time 04 18 AM or PM PM Follow these steps to set the system s date and time 1 Select Current Date and enter the date in the appropriate format Use one or two digit numbers for the month and day and the last two digits of the current year The date s numbers must be separated by forward slashes 2 Select Current Time and enter the time in the format HH MM where HH is the
208. ou to manually configure an IP address for use on the Ethernet WAN port The value 0 0 0 0 indicates that the device will act as a DHCP client on the Ethernet WAN port and attempt to acquire an address from a DHCP server By default the router acts as a DHCP client on the Ethernet WAN port m Local WAN IP Mask allows you to manually configure an IP subnet mask for use on the Ethernet WAN port This item is visible only if you have configured a non zero Ethernet IP Address otherwise the router obtains a subnet mask via DHCP m The Filter Set pop up allows you to associate an IP filter set with the Ethernet WAN port See About filters and filter sets on page 134 m Remove Filter Set allows you to remove a previously associated filter set m The Receive RIP pop up controls the reception and transmission of Routing Information Protocol RIP packets on the Ethernet WAN port The default is Both The Transmit RIP pop up is hidden if NAT is enabled Routing Information Protocol RIP is needed if there are IP routers on other segments of your Ethernet network that the Netopia R9100 needs to recognize Set to Both the default the Netopia R9100 will accept information from either RIP v1 or v2 routers Alternatively select Receive RIP and select v1 or v2 from the popup menu With Receive RIP set to v1 the Netopia R9100 s Ethernet port will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subne
209. owing IPX features m PX RIP and SAP NetBIOS broadcast packet forwarding IPX type 20 m PX packet filtering definable by source and destination IPX address and socket number for added security m PX SAP filtering to aid in optimizing WAN bandwidth m Dial on demand features m Spoofing of IPX keep alive SPX and server serialization packets m Configurable RIP SAP timers on connection profiles IPX definitions This section defines IPX related protocols such as RIP SAP and NetBIOS in addition to other related terms See the next section for setup instructions Internetwork Packet Exchange IPX IPX is a datagram connectionless protocol that Novell adapted from Xerox Network System s XNS s Internet Datagram Protocol IDP IPX is dynamically routed and the routing architecture works by learning network addressing automatically 10 2 User s Reference Guide IPX address An IPX address consists of a network number a node number and a socket number An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits The network number must be the same for all nodes on a particular physical network segment The node number is composed of twelve hexadecimal digits and is usually the hardware address of the interface card The node number must be unique inside the particular IPX network Socket numbers correspond to the particular service being accessed Socket A socket in IPX is the equivalent of a port in TCP IP Sockets rou
210. p Ind from DN Cause 0 not supplied 8 16 User s Reference Guide IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 1 Chapter 9 IP Setup and Network Address Translation The Netopia R9100 uses Internet Protocol IP to communicate both locally and with remote networks This chapter shows you how to configure the Router to route IP traffic You also learn how to configure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network Netopia s SmartiP features IP address serving and Network Address Translation For a detailed discussion of Network Address Translation see Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior This chapter describes how to use the Network Address Translation feature of SmartlP This section covers the following topics m Network Address Translation features on page 9 1 m Using Network Address Translation on page 9 3 m IP setup on page 9 6 IP address serving on page 9 16 Network Address Translation allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia R9100 and the Internet using a single IP address instead of a routed account with separate IP addresses for each computer on the network Network Address Translation also provides increased security by hiding the local IP addresses of the LAN connected to the Netopia R9100 from the outside world With SmartIP the setup is simpler so Internet service providers typically offer internet accounts supporting Network Ad
211. parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Static Route screen see Adding a static route on page 9 14 Deleting a static route To delete a static route in the Static Routes screen select Delete Static Route to display a table of static routes Select a static route from the table and press Return to delete it To exit the table without deleting the selected static route press Escape Rules of static route installation The Netopia R9100 applies certain rules before installing enabled static routes in the IP routing table An enabled static route will not be installed in the IP routing table if any of the following conditions are true m The static route s Next Gateway IP Address matches the IP address used by the Netopia R9100 s Ethernet port m The static route s Next Gateway IP Address matches an IP address in the range of IP addresses being distributed by MaclP or DHCP m The static route s Next Gateway IP Address is determined to be unreachable by the Netopia R9100 A static route that is already installed in the IP routing table will be removed if any of the conditions listed above become true for that static route However an enabled static route is automatically reinstalled once the conditions listed above are no longer true for that static route 9 16 User s Reference Guide IP address serving Serve DHCP Clients System IP Address Serve BootP Clients Configuration Serving Serve Dynamic WAN
212. pia R9100 and when used and set up properly can yield a secure network while only using one IP address on the WAN interface Note that the addresses listed in this appendix are for demonstration purposes only Do not use these addresses when configuring your local network Binary Conversion Table D 1 Appendix D Binary Conversion Table This table is provided to help you choose subnet numbers and host numbers for IP and MaclP networks that use subnetting for IP addresses oo Cc EE LL EE EL LL ar EU ER EL LE ES EE E EL NE E CE ES EC LL EEE 100101 69 1000101 1010 1100101 ES LC ES CE EC EE p LE ES CE o poo e ECE o poa a o LE o 20s EE LUS m po fe o re o e EE CUS mo pam f pom s po far n a as ar pe EL CE so A un a a ee eee ae a eee CN NS eee on CC CR CN eee ee EE CR CR ee Co ES EC ee eee A OR ee ee D 2 User s Reference Guide mooo EL EE za EU 12 foes fioe as na aw 10000010 10100010 11000010 11100010 132 10000100 164 10100100 196 11000100 228 11100100 133 10000101 165 10100101 197 11000101 229 11100101 34 10000110 166 10100110 198 11000110 230 11100110 M EE EEE aun 10001000 10101000 11001000 11101000 137 10001001 169 10101001 201 11001001 233 11101001 138 10001010 170 10101010 202 11001010 234 11101010 139 10001011 171 10101011 203 11001011 235 11101011 40 10001100 172 10101100 204 11001100 236 11101100 EE EN E 10001110 10101110 11001110 11101110 43 10001111 175 10
213. port and the other end to your Internet modem s Ethernet port DO NOT CONNECT IT DIRECTLY TO A TELCO LINE OUTLET Making the Physical Connections 3 3 3 Connect one end of one of the RJ 45 cables to any of the Ethernet hub ports on the router and the other end to the Ethernet port of your PC If you are connecting the router to an existing Ethernet hub use Ethernet port 1 on the router and set the crossover switch to the Uplink position You should now have the power adapter plugged in the Ethernet cable connected between the router and your computer and the Line cable connected between the router and your Internet modem Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel ports The following table describes all the Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router back panel ports rower por A mini DING power adapter cable connection Line port The dedicated Ethernet port for your connection to your Internet connection device s Ethernet port Use Line 1 not Line 2 Console port A DB 9 console port for a direct serial connection to the console screens You can use this if you are an experienced user See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 Auxiliary port An HD 15 auxiliary port for attaching an external modem or the optional AppleTalk kit Crossover switch A crossover switch with Normal and Uplink positions If you use Ethernet Port 1 for a direct Ethernet connection between a computer and the router set the switch to the No
214. quicker acces fa pour Pataoe router baskro rk Ibr piga m To view event histories click the Statistics icon m Togo to SmartView if your browser is Java enabled click the SmartView icon 12 20 User s Reference Guide Security 13 1 Chapter 13 Security The Netopia R9100 provides a number of security features to help protect its configuration screens and your local network from unauthorized access Although these features are optional it is strongly recommended that you use them This section covers the following topics m Suggested security measures on page 13 1 m User accounts on page 13 1 m Dial in console access on page 13 3 mw Enable SmartStart SmartView Web server on page 134 m Telnet access on page 134 m About filters and filter sets on page 134 a Working with IP filters and filter sets on page 13 12 m IPX filters on page 13 21 m Firewall tutorial on page 13 29 Suggested security measures In addition to setting up user accounts Telnet access and filters all of which are covered later in this chapter there are other actions you can take to make the Netopia R9100 and your network more secure m Change the SNMP community strings or passwords The default community strings are universal and could easily be known to a potential intruder m Set the answer profile so it must match incoming calls to a connection profile m Set the Enable Dial n Console
215. r s interfaces such as a port begins functioning The Netopia R9100 sends traps using UDP for IP networks You can specify which SNMP managers are sent the IP traps generated by the Netopia R9100 Up to eight receivers can be set You can also review and remove IP traps To go to the IP Trap Receivers screen select IP Trap Receivers The IP Trap Receivers screen appears Monitoring Tools 12 15 IP Trap Receivers Display Change IP Trap Receiver Add IP Trap Receiver Delete IP Trap Receiver Return Enter to modify an existing Trap Receiver Navigate from here to view add modify and delete IP Trap Receivers Setting the IP trap receivers 1 Select Add IP Trap Receiver 2 Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap 3 Select Community String Enter whatever community string is appropriate for the traps to be sent to the management station whose IP address or domain name you entered on the previous line 4 Select Add Trap Receiver Now and press Return You can add up to seven more receivers Viewing IP trap receivers To display a view only table of IP trap receivers select Display Change IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen Modifying IP trap receivers 1 To edit an IP trap receiver select Display Change IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen 2 Select an IP trap receiver from the table and press Ret
216. received from RIP packets Enabled An indication of whether the static route should be installed in the IP routing table To return to the Static Routes screen press Escape Adding a static route To add a new static route select Add Static Route in the Static Routes screen The Add Static Route screen will appear Add Static Route Static Route Enabled Yes Destination Network IP Address 0 0050 Destination Network Subnet Mask 0 0 0 0 Next Gateway IP Address 0 0 0 0 Route Priority High Advertise Route Via RIP No ADD STATIC ROUTE NOW CANCEL Configure a new Static Route in this Screen To install the static route in the IP routing table select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to Yes To remove the static route from the IP routing table select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to No m Be sure to read the rules on the installation of static routes in the IP routing table See Rules of static route installation on page 9 15 m Select Destination Network IP Address and enter the network IP address of the destination network m Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network m Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia R9100 will use to reach the destination network This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network
217. ries press Escape to return to the Add Connection Profile screen 9 Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return Your new Connection Profile will be added If you want to view the Connection Profiles in your router return to the WAN Configuration screen and select Display Change Connection Profile The list of Connection Profiles is displayed in a scrolling pop up screen WAN Configuration IP Address TPX Network SmartStart Profile 127 0 0 2 Profile 02 0 0 0 0 Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to Edit Default Answer Profile for Dial in Connections The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router can answer calls on the Auxiliary port To answer calls the Netopia R9100 uses a Default Answer Profile The Default Answer Profile controls how incoming calls are set up authenticated filtered and more How the Default Answer Profile works The Default Answer Profile works like a guard booth at the gate to your network it scrutinizes incoming calls Like the guard booth the Default Answer Profile allows calls based on a set of criteria that you define The main criterion used to check calls is whether they match one of the Connection Profiles already defined The default profile checks that the incoming call s name and password match the receive name and password of a Connection Profile If an incoming call is matched to an existing Connection Profile the call is accepted All of that Connection Profile s parame
218. ring up the Main Menu If you don t know how to do this see Connecting through a Telnet session on page 6 2 Alternatively you can connect the console cable and open a direct serial console connection using a terminal emulator program See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 7 4 User s Reference Guide CO N OO UW HR W 10 11 12 The Main Menu appears Netopia R9100 v4 3 WAN Configuration System Configuration Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View Your Baud Rate has been changed to 57600 You always start from this main screen Select the first item on the Main Menu list Easy Setup Press Return to bring up the Easy Setup menu screen Press the Down arrow key until the editable field labelled Local WAN IP Address is highlighted Type the IP Address your ISP gave you Press Return The next field Local WAN IP Mask will appear Type the Subnet Mask your ISP gave you Press Return Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN Press Return to bring up the next screen Press the Down arrow key until the editable field labelled Domain Name is highlighted Type the Domain Name your ISP gave you Press Return The next field Primary Domain Name Server will be highlighted Type the Primary Domain Name Server address your ISP gave you Press Return A new field Secondary Domain Name Server will appear If your ISP gave you
219. rmal position If you are connecting the router to an Ethernet hub use Ethernet port 1 on the router and set the switch to the Uplink position 8 port Ethernet hub Eight Ethernet jacks You will use one of these to configure the Netopia R9100 For a new installation use the Ethernet connection Alternatively you can use the console connection to run console based management using a direct serial connection You can either connect your computer directly to any of the Ethernet ports on the router or connect both your computer and the router to an existing Ethernet hub on your LAN 3 4 User s Reference Guide Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router status lights The figure below represents the Netopia R9100 status light LED panel Netopia R9100 LED front panel 6 7 8 91011 1213 141516171819 2021 N NY Me 2 N os t SO Link Receive lt Se oe gt OREN go C K Qe es OK LOT c e oY Qo y To N RSA Oo rs S D WAN 1 WAN 2 Ethernet The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors When this happens the LEDs The Ethernet WAN interface detects a collision 3 flashes orange In normal operation 4 is off When data is transmitted or received over the Ethernet link 4 flashes yellow Note 2 5 8 11 are unused Also Console carrier 6 is ignored if the console is not configured for a remote modem Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 1 Chapter 4 Connecting t
220. rn or Escape While the Ping test is running and when it is over a status field and a number of statistical items are active on the screen These are described below Utilities and Diagnostics 14 3 Status The current status of the Ping test This item can display the status messages shown in the able below Cancelled by user Ping test was cancelled manually Destination unreachable from Ping test was able to reach the router with IP address W X Y Z W X y z which reported that the test could not reach the final destination Couldn t allocate packet buffer Couldn t proceed with Ping test try again or reset system Couldn t open ICMP port Couldn t proceed with Ping test try again or reset system Packets Out The number of packets sent by the Ping test Packets In The number of return packets received from the target host To be considered on time return packets are expected back before the next packet in the sequence of Ping packets is sent A count of the number of late packets appears in parentheses to the right of the Packets In count In the example that follows a Netopia R9100 Is sending Ping packets to another host which responds with return Ping packets Note that the second return Ping packet Is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia R9100 before the third Ping packet is sent The first and third return Ping packets are on time time send Ping packet 1 Neopia SS receive Ping pa
221. rnet ey es 1 Go to the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then baa TCP IP or M acIC P ae domain name IP Address 15216812 isp com 2 With the TCP IP window open go to the Edit menu and Subnetmask 2552552550 Ending domain name select User Mode Choose Advanced and click OK montre E Or in the MacTCP window select Ethernet and click the Name server addr 192 16 1 10 More button MacTCP P LocalTalk Additional Search domains 2 _nro_ Manually Class B_ Address 192 168 1 8 C4 Serger Subnet Mask 255 255 299 0 Obynemieatis Fo CTT Node Range T Net Subnet Node i Bits 16 Wet Routing Information l Gateway Address Domain Name Server Information i Domain IP Address Default A Pretesied Lspcom 192 168 110 Se E S Le a 3 Inthe TCP IP window or in the MacTCP More window select or type information into the fields as shown in the following table Option Select Type Connect via Ethernet Configure Manually IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 or for 12 user models 255 255 255 240 Router or Gateway address 192 168 1 1 Name server address Enter the primary and secondary name server addresses given to you by your ISP Implicit Search Path Enter your domain name if you do not have a Starting domain name domain name enter the domain name of your ISP 4 Close the TCP IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings 5 I
222. roblems since you must use the mask issued by the ISP This however is not a problematic limitation for your small network The advantages of this situation are the greater ease and lower cost of obtaining a subnet rather than a full Class C address from an ISP Distributing IP addresses To set up a connection to the Internet you may have obtained a block of IP host addresses from an Internet service provider When configuring the Netopia R9100 you gave one of those addresses to its Ethernet port leaving a number of addresses to distribute to computers on your network B 6 User s Reference Guide There are two schemes for distributing the remaining IP addresses m Manually give each computer an address m Let the Netopia R9100 automatically distribute the addresses These two methods are not mutually exclusive you can manually issue some of the addresses while the rest are distributed by the Netopia R9100 Using the router in this way allows it to function as an address server One reason to use the Netopia R9100 as an address server is that it takes less time than manually distributing the addresses This is particularly true if you have many addresses to distribute You need to enter information only once rather than having to repeatedly enter it on each host separately This also reduces the potential for misconfiguring hosts Another reason to use the Netopia R9100 as an address server is that it will distribute addresses only to
223. router port for which there is a conflict See also non seeding seeding seed router and soft seeding HDLC High Level Data Link Control A generic linkdevel communications protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization ISO HDLC manages synchronous code transparent serial information transfer over a link connection See also SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control header In packets a header is part of the envelope information that surrounds the actual data being transmitted In e mail a header is usually the address and routing information found at the top of messages hop A single traverse from one node to another on a LAN hop count The number of nodes routers or other devices a packet has gone through If there are six routers between source and destination nodes the hop count for the packet will be six when it arrives at its destination node The maximum allowable hop count is usually 15 hop count reduction A feature of AURP supported by the Netopia ISDN Router Tunnels and point to point links over WANs can often exceed the maximum allowable hop count of 15 routers Network administrators can use the hop count reduction feature to set up tunnels and point to point links that exceed the 15 router limit host Asingle addressable device on a network Computers networked printers and routers are hosts host computer A communications device that enables users to run applications programs to perform s
224. rs max Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels Set up configuration access options here Protecting the Security Options screen The first screen you should protect is the Security Options screen because It controls access to the configuration screens Access to the Security Options screen can be protected with a password Select Password for This Screen in the Security Options screen and enter a password Make sure this password is secure and is different from any of the user account passwords Protecting the configuration screens You can protect the configuration screens with user accounts You can administer the accounts from the Security Options screen You can create up to four accounts To display a view only list of user accounts select Show Users in the Security Options screen Security 13 3 To add a new user account select Add User in the Security Options screen and press Return The Add Name With Write Access screen appears Add Name With Write Access Enter Name Enter Password 11 characters max ADD NAME PASSWORD NOW CANCEL Follow these steps to configure the new account 1 Select Enter Name and enter a descriptive name for example the user s first name 2 Select Enter Password and enter a password 3 To accept the new name password combination select ADD NAME PASSWORD NOW To exit the Add Name With Write Access screen without saving the new account select CANCEL You are returned t
225. rst and to make it easy to distinguish error messages from informational messages Error messages are prefixed with an asterisk Both the WAN Event History and Device Event History pages retain records of up to 128 of the most recent events Device Event History page _Machine info Connection Profiles WAN Event History page _ Machine Info Connection Profiles Device Event History You can refresh the Event history logs by clicking the Update button Monitoring Tools 12 19 Standard HTML web based monitoring pages You can also view connection profile information and event histories in the Web based monitoring pages These pages are provided for users without J ava enabled browsers Unlike the SmartView pages they are not dynamically updated You access the Web based monitoring pages by launching your Web browser and entering the URL http router IP_address where router _IP_ address is the address of your router Netopia Router Home Page Wacom W ekcones boites hors page of our Meiopia Gower The ab indertece proces gerk wran i Send gai iad devine Mme ped WORM connection condi A Mote on Page Caching Some beers may reines sq cider page hom a Gore cache metar of elearning heeh page on the mater Tp ere ihe anret pee Gomes direcity fom the rod ya rep do he tl covery n Mine FC Haid chosen Lies Schell bey aed chick thee edd button n a Wisoeleeh Held dren che Opin kap ond cick the Heki bgi Hint Fos
226. rward Yes m Source IP Address a b c d m Source IP Address Mask 255 255 255 255 m Dest IP Address 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Protocol Type 0 Trusted subnet To allow unlimited access by a trusted remote subnet with subnet address a b c d corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 0 and subnet mask e f g h corresponding to a numbered IP mask such as 255 255 255 0 insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Forward Yes m Source IP Address a b c d m Source IP Address Mask e f g h m Dest IP Address 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Protocol Type 0 13 20 User s Reference Guide FTP sessions To allow WAN originated FTP sessions to a LAN based FTP server with the IP address a b c d corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 243 insert the following input filter ahead of the Current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Forward Yes m Source IP Address 0 0 0 0 m Source IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address a b c d m Dest IP Address Mask 255 255 255 255 m Protocol Type TCP m Source Port Comparison No Compare m Source Port ID 0 m Dest Port Comparison Equal m Dest Port ID 21 Note A similar filter could be used to permit Telnet or WWW access Set the Dest Port ID to 23 for Telnet or to 80 for WWW AURP tunnel To allow an AURP tunnel between a remote AURP router with the IP address a b c d corr
227. s callback and general awareness of how your network may be vulnerable An approach to using filters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compromising authorized access Using filter sets is part of reaching that goal Each filter set you design will be based on one of the following approaches m That which is not expressly prohibited is permitted m That which is not expressly permitted is prohibited It is strongly recommended that you take the latter and safer approach to all of your filter set designs Working with IP filters and filter sets This section covers IP filters and filter sets For working with IPX filters and filter sets see IPX filters on page 13 21 Main System Filter To work with filters and filter sets begin by accessing the filter set screens Note Make sure you understand how filters work before attempting to use them Read the section About filters and filter sets beginning on page 134 IP Filter Sets Display Change IP Filter Set Add IP Filter Set Delete IP Filter Set Return Enter to configure and add a new Filter Set Set Up IP Filter Sets Firewalls from this and the following Menus The procedure for creating and maintaining filter sets is as follows Security 13 13 1 Add a new filter set 2 Create the filters for the new filter set 3 View change or delete individual filters and filter sets The sect
228. s available to the WAN To support these services with NAT enabled a service can be associated with only one machine on the LAN When connected to the Internet or some other large network using Network Address Translation the individual machines on your LAN are not directly accessible from the WAN NAT provides an inherently secure method of connection to the outside world IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 3 Using Network Address Translation The following procedure describes how to use Network Address Translation 1 Pick a network number for your local network referred to as the internal network This can be any IP address range you want The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router has a default IP address of 192 168 1 1 You may choose to change this address to match a pre existing addressing scheme For this example we will use 10 0 0 0 Note The outside world the external network will not see this network number Using the internal network number assign addresses to the local nodes on your LAN For example you could assign 10 0 0 1 to your Netopia R9100 10 0 0 2 to a node running as a World Wide Web server 10 0 0 3 to an FIP server 10 0 0 4 to a Windows NT PC 10 0 0 5 to a Windows 95 PC Note See Associating port numbers with nodes on page 9 5 By default Network Address Translation is enabled in the Netopia R9100 If you disabled it and now want to reenable it From the WAN Configuration m
229. s of 163 176 4 32 and source port could be 400 while the destination port would be 80 WWW server Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C 3 When the Netopia R9100 receives this IP packet it cannot simply forward it to the WAN interface and the Internet since the IP addresses on the LAN interface are not valid or globally unique for the Internet Instead the Netopia R9100 has to change the IP packet to reflect the IP address that was acquired on the WAN interface from the ISP The Netopia R9100 will first substitute the source IP address with the IP address that was acquired on the WAN interface which in this case is 200 1 1 40 Next the Netopia R9100 will substitute the source TCP or UDP port with a TCP or UDP port from within a specified range maintained within the Netopia R9100 And finally the modified IP packet s checksum is recalculated as specified in RFC 1631 and the packet is transmitted across the WAN interface to its destination the WWW server on the Internet If the send and response IP packets were drawn out this process would look like the following WWW Server ISP Router Netopia Router Workstation A 163 176 4 32 200 1 1 1 LAN 192 168 5 1 192 168 5 2 WAN 200 1 1 40 ISP Router to WWW Netopia to ISP Router Wksin A to Netopia Src IP 200 1 1 40 Src IP 200 1 1 40 Src IP 192 168 5 2 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Dst IP 163 176 4 32 Src Port 5001 Src Port 5001 Src Port 400 Dst Port 80 Dst Port 80 Dst Port 8
230. s or Canada please contact your dealer in order to arrange for warranty service THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE MADE BY NETOPIA ALONE AND THEY ARE THE ONLY WARRANTIES MADE BY ANYONE REGARDING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S MAKE NO OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED ABOVE NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S DO NOT WARRANT GUARANTEE OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION REGARDING THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THE PRODUCT IN TERMS OF ITS CORRECTNESS ACCURACY RELIABILITY CURRENTNESS OR OTHERWISE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCT IS ASSUMED BY YOU THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES IS NOT PERMITTED BY SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU IN THAT CASE ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO NINETY 90 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF DELIVERY OF THE PRODUCT THERE MAY BE OTHER RIGHTS THAT YOU MAY HAVE WHICH VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT ANY REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE IN NO EVENT WILL NETOPIA ITS LICENSOR S AND THE DIRECTORS OFFICERS EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS OF ANY OF THEM BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL INCIDENTAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION LOSS OF BUSINESS INFO
231. set Select CANCEL to exit the Add Packet Filter Set screen without saving the new filter set Deleting a packet filter set To delete a packet filter set select Delete IPX Packet Filter Set in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets Select a filter set from the list and press Return to delete it Press the Escape key to exit the list without deleting the filter set Note Deleting a filter set does not delete the filters in that set However the filters in the deleted set are no longer in effect unless they are part of another set The deleted set will no longer appear in the answer profile or any connection profiles to which it was added IPX SAP filters For each IPX SAP filter you can configure a set of parameters to match on certain attributes of IPX SAP packet entries The filters check IPX SAP packets for entries that match and then acts on those entries The SAP packets themselves are always allowed to continue after their entries are checked The purpose of filtering SAP packets Is not to make your network more secure but to add efficiency to network bandwidth use Filtering SAP packets may reduce the size of SAP packets and SAP bindery tables by removing unwanted entries Viewing and modifying SAP filters To display a table of IPX SAP filters select Display Change IPX SAP Filters in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen To modify any of the filters in the table select the desired filter a
232. settings In the Statistics amp Diagnostics screen select Revert to Factory Defaults and press Return Select CONTINUE in the dialog box and press Return The Netopia R9100 will reboot and its settings will return to the factory defaults deleting your configurations In an emergency you can also use the Reset switch to return the router to its factory default settings Call Netopia Tech Support for instructions on using the Reset switch Note Reset to factory defaults with caution You will need to reconfigure all of your settings in the router Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP is a method of transferring data over an IP network TFTP is a client server application with the router as the client To use the Netopia R9100 as a TFTP client a TFTP server must be available Netopia Inc has a public access TFTP server on the Internet where you can obtain the latest firmware versions To use TFTP select Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP in the Statistics amp Diagnostics screen and press Return The Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP screen appears Utilities and Diagnostics 14 7 Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP TFTP Server Name Firmware File Name GET ROUTER FIRMWARE FROM SERVER GET WAN MODULE FIRMWARE FROM SERVER Config File Name GET CONFIG FROM SERVER SEND CONFIG TO SERVER TFTP Transfer State Idle TFTP Current Transfer Bytes 0
233. setup 10 1 IPX spoofing 10 3 ISP account types 2 2 information to obtain 2 2 L LED status 12 2 LEDs 3 4 12 2 LocalTalk 11 7 connecting 4 8 setup 11 7 MaclP 9 16 defined B 8 MaclP KIP Forwarding options 9 23 MaclP setup 11 3 MaclP KIP clients 9 23 MaclP KIP static options 9 23 MIBs supported 12 12 multiple subnets 9 10 N NAT defined 9 1 features 9 2 guidelines 9 5 using 9 3 navigating Easy Setup 6 4 through the configuration screens 8 10 NCSA Telnet 6 3 nested IP subnets B 11 NetBIOS 9 21 10 3 NetBIOS scope 9 22 Netopia answering calls 8 7 Index 4 connecting to Ethernet rules 4 5 connecting to LocalTalk 4 8 connection profile 7 5 distributing IP addresses 9 16 B 5 IP setup 7 6 IPX setup 7 6 LocalTalk configuration 11 7 monitoring 12 1 security 13 1 system utilities and diagnostics 14 1 Network Address Translation see NAT 9 1 network problems A 2 network status overview 12 1 next router address 12 10 non seeding 11 3 O output filter 1 13 18 overview 1 1 P packet header B 13 packet filter deleting 13 23 packet filters viewing and modifying 13 23 packets forwarded 12 10 PAP and answer profile 8 8 password to protect security screen 13 2 user accounts 13 1 ping 14 2 ping test configuring and initiating 14 2 port number comparisons 13 8 port numbers 13 7 Q Quick View 12 1 R restarting the system 14 12 restricting telnet access 134 RIP 8 2 9 7 router to serv
234. sk associated with your network IP address By using the IP address with the mask you can discover exactly how many IP host addresses you actually have To configure subnets properly you must also be able to convert between binary notation and decimal notation Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internet When setting up IP routing with a Class A Address or even with multiple Class C Addresses subnetting Is fairly Straightforward Subnetting a single Class C address between two networks however is more complex This section describes the general procedures for subnetting a single Class C network between two Netopia routers So that each can have Internet access B 4 User s Reference Guide Network configuration Below is a diagram of a simple network configuration The ISP is providing a Class C address to the customer site and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access through this address Netopia R9100 B connects to Netopia R9100 A and Is provided Internet access through Routers A and B IP Address 10 0 0 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Customer Site A IP Address 192 168 1 3 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 128 Netopia R9100 A IP Address 192 168 1 1 P Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet Mask Remote IP 10 0 0 1 LAN 255 255 255 128 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 128 Remote Sub 255 255 255 0 Remote IP 192 168 1 129 Gateway 10 0 0 1 Remote Sub Static Route 255 255 255 128 255 255 255 128 mask
235. ss Return to go to the Change Packet Filter screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Packet Filter screen see the next section Adding a packet filter To add a new IPX packet filter select Add IPX Packet Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Return The Add Packet Filter screen appears Add Packet Filter Filter Name IPX Filter 1 Source Network 00000000 Source Node Address 000000000000 Source Socket 000 Destination Network 00000000 Destination Node Address 000000000000 Destination Socket 000 ADD FILTER NOW CANCEL Configure a new IPX Packet Filter Finished ADD or CANCEL to exit By default the filter s socket numbers and network and node addresses are null all zeros This sets the filter to match on any IPX data packet Configure the filter using criteria that meet your security needs Security 13 23 1 Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter 2 To Specify a source network for the filter to match on select Source Network and enter an IPX network address 3 To specify a source node for the filter to match on select Source Node Address and enter an IPX node address 4 To specify a source socket for the filter to match on select Source Socket and enter an IPX source socket number 5 To specify a destination network for the filter to match on select Destination Network and enter an IPX network address 6 To specify a destina
236. st from the popup menu With Transmit RIP vl selected the Netopia R9100 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers With Transmit RIP v2 broadcast selected the Netopia R9100 will generate RIP packets to all other hosts on the network With Transmit RIP v2 multicast selected the Netopia R9100 will generate RIP packets only to other routers capable of recognizing RIP v2 packets Select Static Routes to manually configure IP routes See the section Static routes below If you select Address Serving Setup you will be taken to the IP Address Serving screen See IP address serving on page 9 16 Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time make sure that the addresses distributed by the Netopia R9100 and those that are manually configured are not the same Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from Select Exported Services The Exported Services screen appears with three options Show Change 9 8 User s Reference Guide Exports Add Export and Delete Export Exported Services Local Port to IP Address Remapping Show Change Exports Add Export Delete Export Return Enter to configure UDP TCP Port to IP Address redirection m Select Add Export The Add Exported Service screen appears Add Exported Service Service Local Server s IP Address ADD EXPORT NOW CANCEL IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 9 m Sele
237. t Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to select the zone to delete Press Return to delete it and exit the list Press Escape to exit the list without deleting any zones m Select Set Default Zone to choose a different default zone This is the zone where the Netopia R9100 s AppleTalk Setup 11 7 EtherTalk Phase Il port is visible to other AppleTalk nodes The default zone is also where new AppleTalk nodes will appear If you do not set a default zone the first zone you create will be the default zone You can also set the range of EtherTalk Phase II network numbers Select Net Low and enter the lower limit of the network number range Select Net High and enter the upper limit of the range Select the Seeding pop up menu and choose the seeding method for the Netopia R9100 to use See Routers and seeding on page 11 3 You have finished configuring EtherTalk Phase Il LocalTalk setup Note For instructions on making the physical connections for LocalTalk see Connecting to a LocalTalk network on page 4 8 In the AppleTalk Setup screen select LocalTalk Setup and press Return The LocalTalk Setup screen appears LocalTalk Setup LocalTalk Enabled On LocalTalk Zone Name Unnamed LocalTalk Net Number 33126 Seeding Soft Seeding Use this screen to set up the LocalTalk Port Routing attributes If you are using LocalTalk with the Netopia R9100 select LocalTalk Enabled and make sure LocalTalk is set to On which is th
238. t Vol 3 No 8 August 1989 Zimmerman H OSI Reference Model The ISO Model of Architecture for Open Systems Interconnection IEEE Transactions on Communications COM 28 No 4 April 1980 E 4 User s Reference Guide Technical Specifications and Safety Information F 1 Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety Information Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cable 1300 ohms BRAID Shield HD 15 DB 25 D TS sound F 2 User s Reference Guide HD a DB 25 Ping RSETIEIASSO Pin 10 DCD not used not used TSET EIA 530 not used uu es 25 notused i STERS SOT SAD ROBT EE Pin 18 not used Pin 19 RTS EIA 530 SRTS EIA 232 re Pin 22 not used Ground Pin 24 TSET not used Note Certain RS 232 modems do not properly accept signals on pins 12 24 13 11 14 17 and 15 9 For these applications these pins may need to be cut Description Dimensions 124 0 cm w x 20 0 cm d x 5 3 cm h 9 4 w x 7 9 d x 2 1 h Communications interfaces The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router has an RJ45 jack for Ethernet line connections an 8 port 10Base T Ethernet hub for your LAN connection a DB 9 Console port and an HD 15 Auxiliary port that can be used as either a serial or LocalTalk port Power requirements m 12 VDC input m 1 5 amps Environment Operating temperature 0 to 40 C Storage temperature 0 to 70 C Relative storage humidity 20 to 80 noncon
239. t have the ACK bit set once the TCP connection is in place the remainder of the TCP packets with have the ACK bit Set The ACK bit is helpful for firewall design and reduces the number of potential filter rules A filter rule could be created just allowing incoming TCP packets with the ACK bit set since these packets had to be originated from the local network Example IP filter set screen This is an example of the Netopia IP filter set screen Change Filter Fnabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare Equal Dest Port ID 2000 Established TCP Conns Only No Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels Enter the IP specific information for this filter Filter basics In the source or destination IP address fields the IP address that is entered must be the network address of the subnet A host address can be entered but the applied subnet mask must be 32 bits 255 255 255 255 The Netopia R9100 has the ability to compare source and destination TCP or UDP ports These options are as follows No Compare Does not compare TCP or UDP port Not Equal To Matches any port other than what is defined Less Than Anything less than the port defined Security 13 33 Less Than or Equal Any port less than or equal to the port defined Matches only the port defined Gre
240. t mask Set to v2 the Netopia R9100 will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use different subnet masks WAN and System Configuration 8 3 If you want the Netopia R9100 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP select Transmit RIP and select v1 v2 broadcast or v2 multicast from the popup menu With Transmit RIP vl selected the Netopia R9100 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers With Transmit RIP v2 broadcast selected the Netopia R9100 will generate RIP packets to all other hosts on the network With Transmit RIP v2 multicast selected the Netopia R9100 will generate RIP packets only to other routers capable of recognizing RIP v2 packets Selecting Aux Serial Port displays the serial line configuration pop up in which you specify the configuration for the router s auxiliary serial port There are three options Unused LocalTalk or Async Modem The default for the auxiliary port is Async Modem for Up amp Running Guaranteed URG If you have installed the optional AppleTalk feature set the default is LocalTalk For the Async Modem option the default the screen displays m The Data Rate pop up offers a limited set of clock rates 19 2 38 4 57 6 115 2 and 230 4 For broadest application 57 6 Is the default m You may specify an Aux Modem Init String for your modem type Creating a new Connection Profile For a Netopia R9100 Connectio
241. te hosting Pricing and support Compare pricing service and technical support service among various ISPs 2 2 User s Reference Guide Endorsements Consider recommendations from colleagues and reviews in publications Deciding on an ISP account Your ISP may offer various Internet access account plans Typically these plans vary by usage charges and the number of host IP addresses supplied Evaluate your networking needs and discuss them with your ISP before deciding on a plan for your network The following checklist is a guide to ensure that you obtain the Internet service you require Setting up an account using a Netopia R9100 Check whether your ISP has the Netopia R9100 on its list of Supported products that have been tested with a particular configuration If the ISP does not have the Netopia R9100 on such a list describe the Netopia R9100 in as much detail as needed so your ISP account can be optimized As appropriate refer your ISP to Netopia s Web site www netopia com for more information or call us at 1 800 NETOPIA Our representative can call your ISP and introduce them to the product As necessary we can provide them with the technical background they need to support the product Obtaining an IP address Typically each network computer that requires Internet access requires its own unique IP address Consider expected growth in your network when deciding on the number of addresses to obtain Alternatively you
242. te packets to different processes within a single node Novell has reserved several sockets for use in the NetWare environment Field _ ooh Unknown Packet Type Packet Type Used for all packets not for all packets not classified by any other type Routing Information Packet Unused for RIP Unused for RIP packets oan sente iersngPaciet Used tor sar packets Routing Information Protocol RIP RIP which was also derived from XNS is a protocol that allows for the bidirectional transfer of routing tables and provides timing information ticks so that the fastest route to a destination can be determined IPX routers use RIP to create and dynamically maintain databases of internetwork routing information See IPX routing tables on page 10 5 for more information Service Advertising Protocol SAP SAP is a protocol that provides servers and routers with a method for exchanging service information Using SAP servers advertise their services and addresses Routers collect this information to dynamically update their routing tables and share it with other routers These broadcasts keep all routers on the internetwork synchronized and provide realtime information on accessible servers on the internetwork IPX Setup 10 3 The following Is a list of common SAP server types NetBIOS NetBIOS is a protocol that performs tasks related to the Transport and Session layers of the OSI model It can operate over IPX using a sp
243. ted for the following protocols m P IP packets on the Ethernet m PX IPX packets on the Ethernet if IPX is enabled m AppleTalk AppleTalk packets on Ethernet using EtherTalk Phase II if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed Monitoring Tools 12 5 m LT LocalTalk on the PhoneNET if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed The right side of the table lists the total number of occurrences of each of six types of communication statistics Rx Bytes The number of bytes received Tx Bytes The number of bytes transmitted Rx Packets The number of packets received Tx Pkts The number of packets transmitted Rx Err The number of bad Ethernet packets received Tx Err An error occurring when Ethernet packets are transmitted simultaneously by nodes on the LAN Event histories The Netopia R9100 records certain relevant occurrences in event histories Event histories are useful for diagnosing problems because they list what happened before during and after a problem occurs You can view two different event histories one for the router s system and one for the WAN The Netopia R9100 s built in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset The router s event histories are structured to display the most recent events first and to make it easy to distinguish error messages from informational messages Error messages are prefixed with an asterisk Both the WAN Event History and Device Event Histor
244. ter From the Main Menu go to Statistics amp Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below 12 4 User s Reference Guide General Statistics To go to the General Statistics screen select General Statistics and press Return The General Statistics screen appears General Statistics Phys I F Rx Bytes Tx Bytes Rx Pkts Tx Pkts Rx Err Tx Err Ethernet Hub 123456789 123456789 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 Aux Async 123456789 123456789 12345678 12345678 Ethernet Wanl 123456789 123456789 12345678 12345678 Unused 2 Console 123456789 123456789 Network Rx Bytes Tx Bytes Rx Pkts Tx Pkts Rx Err Tx Err IP 123456789 123456789 12345078 12345678 12345678 12345678 IPX 1234560789 123456789 12345078 12345678 12345678 12345678 AppleTalk 123456789 123456789 12345678 12345678 The General Statistics screen displays information about data traffic on the Netopia R9100 s data ports This information is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting your LAN Note that the counters roll over at their maximum field width that is they restart again at 0 Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following data ports m Ethernet Hub m Aux Async or LocalTalk if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed m SDSLI Network Interface The bottom left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmit
245. terface In this case if a dynamic IP address is assigned to the WAN interface of the Netopia R9100 each time the administrator of the Netopia R9100 will have to notify clients who want to access services on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface of the new IP address after each connection With NAT enabled there cannot be two or more of the same types of service accessible from the Internet on the LAN interface of the Netopia R9100 For example there cannot be multiple FTP servers Port 23 on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface that can be accessible by workstations on the Internet This is because there is no way within the Netopia R9100 and IP to distinguish between multiple servers using the same port in this case port 23 Fictional IP addresses may be assigned on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface It is strongly recommended that for the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface an IP address from the Class C address range of 192 168 X X be used This is because this range is defined by the IANA as an address space that will never be routed through the Internet and is to be used by private Intranets not attached to the Internet If the address range of 192 168 X X is not used and another range of addresses such as 100 1 1 X is used instead this address space can potentially overlap an address space that is owned by a user attached to the Internet Thus if a user on the Netopia R9100 s LAN interface has an IP address of 100 1 1 2 while the Netopia R9100
246. ters except for authentication are adopted for the call You could set up the Default Answer Profile to allow calls in even if they fail to match a Connection Profile Continuing the guard booth analogy this would be like removing the guards or having them wave all calls in regardless of their source 8 8 User s Reference Guide If an incoming call is not required to match a connection profile and fails to do so it is accepted as a standard IP connection Accepted unmatched calls adopt the call parameter values set in the Default Answer Profile To determine the call parameter values that unmatched calls will adopt customize the Default Answer Profile parameters in the Default Answer Profile screen Customizing the default profile You can customize the Netopia Router s default profile in the Default Answer Profile screen 1 Select Default Answer Profile in the WAN Configuration screen Press Return The Default Profile screen appears Default Answer Profile Must Match a Defined Profile PPP Authentication Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels Configure values which may be used when receiving a call in this screen 2 To force incoming calls to match connection profiles select Must Match a Defined Profile and toggle it to Yes Incoming calls that cannot be matched to a connection profile are dropped To allow unmatched calls to be accepted as standard IP or IPX connections toggle Must Match a Defined Pro
247. ters to use 2 Create the filter sets to use 3 Add filters to the filter sets 4 Attach the filter sets to the answer profile or to connection profiles You can configure IPX filters and set up IPX filter sets from the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen IPX Filters and Filter Sets Display Change IPX Packet Filters Add IPX Packet Filter Delete IPX Packet Filter Display Change IPX Packet Filter Sets Add IPX Packet Filter Set Delete IPX Packet Filter Set Display Change IPX Sap Filters Add IPX Sap Filter Delete IPX Sap Filter Display Change IPX Sap Filter Sets Add IPX Sap Filter Set Delete IPX Sap Filter Set Define your filters lst IPX Filter Sets refer to but don t contain filters 13 22 User s Reference Guide The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen are grouped into four areas m PX packet filters m PX packet filter sets m PX SAP filters m PX SAP filter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas IPX packet filters For each IPX packet filter you can configure a set of parameters to match on the source or destination attributes of IPX data packets coming from or going to the WAN Viewing and modifying packet filters To display a view only table of IPX packet filters select Display Change IPX Packet Filters in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen To modify any of the filters in the table note the desired filter and pre
248. tion node for the filter to match on select Destination Node Address and enter an IPX node address 7 To specify a destination socket for the filter to match on select Destination Socket and enter an IPX destination socket number 8 Select ADD FILTER NOW to save the current filter Select CANCEL to exit the Add Packet Filter screen without saving the new filter Deleting a packet filter To delete a packet filter select Delete IPX Packet Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of filters Select a filter from the table and press Return to delete it Press the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the filter IPX packet filter sets Before the individual filters can be used IPX packet filters must be grouped into sets A filter can be part of more than one filter set Viewing and modifying packet filter sets To display a table of IPX packet filter sets select Display Change IPX Packet Filter Sets in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen To modify any of the filter sets in the list select the desired filter set and press Return to go to the Change Packet Filter Set screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Packet Filter Set screen See the next section Adding a packet filter set To add a new IPX packet filter set select Add IPX Packet Filter Set in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Return The Add Packet Filter Set screen appears 13 24 User
249. tives in mind To add an input filter select Add Input Filter in the Add IP Filter Set screen The Add Filter screen appears To add an output filter select Add Output Filter Security 13 15 Add Filter Fnabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare No Compare Dest Port ID 0 ADD THIS FILTER NOW CANCEL Enter the IP specific information for this filter To make the filter active in the filter set select Enabled and toggle it to Yes If Enabled is toggled to No the filter can still exist in the filter set but it will have no effect If you want the filter to forward packets that match its criteria to the destination IP address select Forward and toggle it to Yes If Forward is toggled to No packets matching the filter s criteria will be discarded Select Source IP Address and enter the source IP address this filter will match on You can enter a subnet ora host address Select Source IP Address Mask and enter a mask for the source IP address This allows you to further modify the way the filter will match on the source address Enter 0 0 0 0 to force the filter to match on all source IP addresses or enter 255 255 255 255 to match the source IP address exclusively Select Dest IP Address and enter the destination IP address this filter will match on You can enter a
250. to the remote AppleTalk network The AURP tickle timer is a parameter that you can set anywhere between 0 and 100 hours This parameter tells the AURP partners when to send out an AURP tickle packet If this value is set to 0 the Netopia R9100 will never send out a tickle packet Tickle packets verify that the remote router is working The minimum tickle interval is 90 seconds The maximum tickle interval setting is 99 59 59 100 hours which is the recommendation for small networks Raising the tickle packet interval does not ensure that the AURP tunnel is dropped or not brought up If any application on the local network generates AppleTalk traffic destined for the network at the remote end of the AURP tunnel the tunnel remains up For example if a host on the local network connects to a host on the remote network using remote access software the AURP tunnel remains up The AURP tunnel also remains up if a local user selects the Chooser and uses an AppleTalk service that involves a remote zone Such as mounting a remote AppleShare volume In many AppleTalk internets individual AppleTalk networks come and go Routers are designed to notify each other at the end of their Update Interval every time there s such a change in the network topology This will cause the Netopia s WAN link to be brought up To minimize what may be unnecessary calls change the Update Interval value to some larger value At the end of this time window if there has been a l
251. tory Return Enter on event item for details or SCROLL UP DOWN item for scrolling If the event history exceeds the size of the screen you can scroll through it by using SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN To scroll up select SCROLL UP at the top of the list and press Return To scroll down select SCROLL DOWN at the bottom of the list and press Return To obtain more information about any event listed in the Device Event History select the event and then press Return A dialog box containing more information about the selected event appears Press Return or Escape to dismiss the dialog box To clear the Device Event History select Clear History and press Return Routing tables You can view all of the IP IPX and AppleTalk routes in the Netopia R9100 s IP IPX and AppleTalk routing tables respectively To go to a routing table screen select the routing table you are interested in from the Statistics amp Logs screen Each of the routing table screens represents a Snapshot of the routing table information at the time the screen is first invoked To take a new snapshot select Update at the bottom of the screen and press Return 12 8 User s Reference Guide Statistics amp Logs WAN Event History Device Event History IP Routing Table IPX Routing Table IPX SAP Bindery Table AppleTalk Routing Table Served IP Addresses General Statistics System Information IP routing table I
252. tributed among three networks This network address can be used on your main network while portions of it can be subnetted to the two remaining networks Note The IP address a b c 0 has letters in place of the first three numbers to generalize it for this example The figure at left shows a possible network configuration following this scheme The main network is set up with the Class C address a b c 0 and contains Router A which could be a Netopia R9100 a Netopia R9100 anda number of other hosts Router A maintains a link to the Internet and can be used as the default gateway Internet a b c 1 Router A a b c 0 a b c 2 ZS ed Router B Router C T a b c 128 a b c 248 a b c 129 a b c 249 ie Cert re B 12 User s Reference Guide Routers B and C which could also be Netopia R9100s serve the two remote networks that are subnets of a b c 0 The subnetting is accomplished by configuring the Netopia R9100 with connection profiles for Routers B and C see the following table Connection profile Remote IP address Remote IP mask pits po host For RouterB Router B Ta bhe128 S so255 255 255 192 255 255 255 192 7 For a b c 248 255 255 255 248 RE The Netopia R9100 s connection profiles for Routers B and C create entries in its IP routing ta
253. tton If necessary fill in the Domain Name Server Information given to you by your administrator 5 Restart the computer These are the only fields you need to modify in these screens Note More information about configuring your Macintosh computer for TCP IP connectivity through a Netopia R9100 can be found in Technote NIR_026 Open Transport and Netopia Routers located on the Netopia Web site 5 14 User s Reference Guide Console Based Management 6 1 Chapter 6 Console Based Management Console based management is a menu driven interface for the capabilities built in to the Netopia R9100 Console based management provides access to a wide variety of features that the router supports You can customize these features for your individual setup This chapter describes how to access the console based management screens This section covers the following topics Connecting through a Telnet session on page 6 2 m Connecting a console cable to your router on page 6 3 m Navigating through the console screens on page 6 4 Console based management screens contain seven entry points to the Netopia Router configuration and monitoring features The entry points are displayed in the Main Menu shown below Netopia R9100 v4 3 Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configurations Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View You always start from this mai
254. typical example of a default gateway is the ISP s router Select Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address for a domain name server The domain name server matches the alphabetic addresses favored by people for example robin hood com to the IP addresses actually used by IP routers for example 163 7 8 202 If a secondary DNS server is available select Secondary Domain Name Server and enter its IP address The secondary DNS server is used by the Netopia R9100 when the primary DNS server is inaccessible Entering a secondary DNS is useful but not necessary Select Domain Name and enter your network s domain name for example netopia com Routing Information Protocol RIP is needed if there are IP routers on other segments of your Ethernet network that the Netopia R9100 needs to recognize If this is the case select Receive RIP and select v1 v2 or Both from the popup menu With Receive RIP set to v1 the Netopia R9100 s Ethernet port will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask Set to v2 the Netopia R9100 will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use different subnet masks Set to Both the Netopia R9100 will accept information from either RIP v1 or v2 routers If you want the Netopia R9100 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP select Transmit RIP and select v1 v2 broadcast or v2 multica
255. uch functions as text editing program execution access to data bases etc 4 User s Reference Guide internet A set of networks connected together by routers This is a general term not to be confused with the large multi organizational collection of IP networks Known as the Internet An internet is sometimes also known as an Internetwork internet address IP address Any computing device that uses the Internet Protocol IP must be assigned an internet or IP address This is a 32 bit number assigned by the system administrator usually written in the form of 4 decimal fields separated by periods e g 192 9 200 1 Part of the internet address is the IP network number IP network address and part is the host address IP host address All machines on a given IP network use the same IP network number and each machine has a unique IP host address The system administrator sets the subnet mask to specify how much of the address is network number and how much is host address See also Class A B and C networks IP Internet Protocol A networking protocol developed for use on computer systems that use the UNIX operating system Often used with Ethernet cabling systems In this manual IP is used as an umbrella term to cover all packets and networking operations that include the use of the Internet Protocol See also TCP IP IP address IP host address IP network address See internet address IP broadcast See broadcast IP tunneling S
256. uide It is important to set the Netopia R9100 s seeding action to work best in your particular network environment These scenarios may guide you in deciding how to set the router s seeding If the Netopia R9100 is the only router on your network you must set it to either hard seeding or soft seeding The default is soft seeding If there is another active router on your network and you want that router to configure the Netopia R9100 s EtherTalk or LocalTalk parameters you can set the Netopia R9100 to non seeding If there is another active router on your network you could set the Netopia R9100 to be soft seeding if you are unsure whether the second router will always be available to configure the Netopia R9100 s EtherTalk or LocalTalk parameters If you want the Netopia R9100 to configure the EtherTalk or LocalTalk parameters of other routers on your network you must set it to hard seeding In this case the other routers must be soft seeding or non seeding and the Netopia R9100 must already be active when those other routers are rebooted If you want the Netopia R9100 and all other routers on your network to use only their own configurations set the Netopia R9100 and all other routers to hard seeding In this case any router including the Netopia R9100 that is rebooted will not begin routing if it detects a routing conflict between itself and any other router This last scenario could be useful for detecting and locating routing
257. umber field in one of the Netopia ISDN Router s connection profiles CND Calling Number Delivery Also known as caller ID a feature that allows the called customer premises equipment CPE to receive a calling party s directory number during the call establishment phase community strings Sequences of characters that serve much like passwords for devices using SNMP Different community strings may be used to allow an SNMP user to gather device information or change device configurations CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check A computational means to ensure the integrity of a block of data The mathematical function is computed before the data Is transmitted at the originating device Its numerical value is computed based on the content of the data This value is compared with a recomputed value of the function at the destination device DCE Data Communications Equipment Term defined by standards committees that applies to communications equipment typically modems or printers as distinct from other devices that attach to the network typically personal computers or data terminals DTE The distinction generally refers to which pins in an RS 232 C connection transmit or receive data Also see DTE DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol Defines socket to socket delivery of datagrams over an AppleTalk internet default zone When a Phase Il EtherTalk network includes more than one zone all routers on that network must be configured to assign one of t
258. umbers and zone names specified in its own configuration If other routers reply and their information matches the router s own configuration information the result is the same the router uses the values in its own configuration However if other routers provide network numbers or zone names that conflict with those in the router s configuration the router disables any of its own ports for which there are conflicts Soft seeding When a router that uses soft seeding Is turned on or reset it requests network number and zone name information from any existing routers on the networks it will serve If no other routers reply the router uses the network numbers and zone names specified in its own configuration If other routers reply the router uses the information they provide regardless of whether or not there are conflicts between the information received and its configured information Once a soft or hard seeding router begins to route it can serve as a seed router providing network number and zone name information to other routers upon request The default State of the Netopia R9100 s AppleTalk ports is soft seeding Non seeding When a router using non Seeding is turned on or reset it requests network number and zone name information from any existing routers on the networks it will serve For any network where no other routers reply the non seeding router will not have any active ports until the next reset 11 4 User s Reference G
259. umbers to individual machines IP addresses are maintained and assigned by the InterNIC a quasi governmental organization now increasingly under the auspices of private industry Note It s very common for an organization to obtain an IP address from a third party usually an Internet service provider ISP ISPs usually issue an IP address when they are contracted to provide Internet access services The InterNIC the NIC stands for Network Information Center divides IP addresses into several classes Classes A B and C are assigned to organizations that request addresses In Class A networks the first byte of an IP address is reserved for the network portion of the address Class B networks reserve the first two bytes of an IP address for the network address Class C networks reserve the first three bytes of an IP address for the network address In all cases a network manager can decide to use subnetting to assign even more bits to the network portion of the IP address but never less than the class requires The following section gives more information on subnetting Class A networks have a small number of possible network numbers but a large number of possible host numbers Conversely Class C networks have a small number of possible host numbers but a large number of possible network numbers Thus the InterNIC assigns Class A addresses to large organizations that have very large numbers of IP hosts while smaller organizations with few
260. ur network With this configuration both Customer Site A and B can gain Internet access through Routers A and B with no reconfiguration of the ISP s equipment The most important item in this configuration is the static route defined on Router B This tells Router B what path to take to get to the network defined by Netopia R9100 B Without this information Customer Site B will be able to access Customer Site A but not the Internet If it is not possible to define a static route on Router B RIP could be enabled to serve the same purpose To use RIP instead of a static route enable Transmit RIP on Netopia R9100 A and Transmit and Receive RIP on Router B This will allow the route from Customer Site B to propagate on Router B and Customer Site A Example Working with a Class C subnet Suppose that your organization has a site with only 10 hosts and no plans to add any new hosts You don t need a full Class C address for this site Many ISPs offer Internet access with only a portion of a full Internet address For example you might obtain the Class C address 199 14 17 48 with the mask 255 255 255 240 From the previous example you can see that this gives you 14 host addresses to distribute to the hosts at your site In effect your existing network of 10 hosts is a subnet of the ISP s network Since the Class C address has already been reduced to subnets you cannot further subnet your network without the risk of creating network routing p
261. urn 3 Inthe Change IP Trap Receiver screen edit the information as needed and press Return Deleting IP trap receivers 1 To delete an IP trap receiver select Delete IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen 2 Select an IP trap receiver from the table and press Return 3 Inthe dialog box select Continue and press Return 12 16 User s Reference Guide SmartView This section discusses SmartView the Netopia R9100 s device and network web based monitoring tool This tool can provide statistical information report on current network status record events and help in diagnosing and locating problems SmartView overview SmartView is a Java based applet that runs in a Web browser window It intermittently polls the router for information to monitor the router s state and event histories SmartView should run under any J ava Virtual Machine JVM enabled browser and is therefore platform independent Note The SmartView applet will only run under J ava enabled browsers Be sure that the browser you are using is at least Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 3 0 or higher or Netscape Navigator Version 3 0 or Communicator Version 4 0 or higher If your browser does not meet this requirement you can upgrade with a browser supplied on the Netopia CD The information you can view about your router using SmartView is shown in the table below pe mw o ms ES Navigating SmartView You access the SmartView monitor by launch
262. vanced Configuration Chapter 8 WAN and System Configuration 8 1 WAN 0 pin 6 LUS N O ernssiadmnermndesnaerrterien 8 1 Creating a new Connection Profile 8 3 Default Answer Profile for Dial in Connections 06 8 How the Default Answer Profile works 8 System configuration screens ccceccecseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 8 9 Navigating through the system configuration screens 8 10 System configuration features 8 11 Network protocols setup 8 11 Filter Sets firewalls ccccceccecseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 8 12 IP address Serving ccccecesceeceeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeees 8 12 Date ana UME en ne ae ee hotte 8 12 Console configuration 8 12 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 8 13 SL OU DS TR E T E E E E T 8 13 Upgrade feature set 8 13 LOGGING ET E E EPA T E 8 14 Installing the Syslog client 8 14 Chapter 9 IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 1 Network Address Translation features 9 1 Using Network Address Translation eeren 9 3 Associating port numbers with nodes 9 5 Network Address Translation guideline 9 5 RS a T T E E 9 6 AP Ses E 9 10 AUC OM non 9 12 AP Fes CO cn a dal 9 16 IP Aadress POOIS nr auchan 9 19 DHCP NetBIOS ODUONS audi 9 21 MaclIP KIP forwarding setup nero 9 23 IV User s Reference Guide Chapter 10 IPX SEUD a sens 10 1 P a iE 10 1 PRIE ae d
263. ver you reconfigure the Netopia R9100 and want the new parameter values to take effect Under certain circumstances restarting the system may also clear up system or network malfunctions Some configuration processes automatically restart the system to apply the changes you have made Part Ill Appendixes User s Reference Guide Troubleshooting A 1 Appendix A Troubleshooting This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot problems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia R9100 It also includes information on how to contact Netopia Technical Support Important information on these problems can be found in the event histories kept by the Netopia R9100 These event histories can be accessed in the Statistics amp Logs screen This section covers the following topics m Configuration problems on page A 1 How to reset the router to factory defaults on page A 3 m Power outages on page A 3 m Technical support on page A4 Configuration problems If you encounter problems during your initial configuration process review the following suggestions before calling for technical support There are four zones to consider when troubleshooting initial configuration 1 The computer s connection to the router 2 The router s connection to the telecommunication line s 3 The telecommunication line s connection to your ISP 4 The ISP s connection to the Internet If the connection from the
264. vice is dialing into a Netopia router the router may need to be configured to serve IP via the WAN interface This is only a requirement if the calling device has not been configured locally to know what its address es are So when a client dialing into a Netopia router s WAN interface is expecting addresses to be served by the answering router you must set the answering Netopia router to serve IP via its WAN interface You can do this in either of two ways m use the Serve Dynamic WAN Clients option in the Address Serving Setup screen Serve Dynamic WAN Clients enabled only allows a user to specify a pool of address from which the dial in client may get an IP address from It does not allow static addressing If you want to obtain addresses dynamically use Serve Dynamic WAN Clients m define the address that the user wants to serve in the Connection Profile s IP Setup screen This method requires a static value to be used Thus any user dialing in can obtain the same IP address for every connection to the profile If you want to obtain addresses statically define the address in the Connection Profile Notes m The addresses that are to be served cannot be used elsewhere For example you wouldn t want to define a static address in a Connection Profile to be served via the WAN that Is already defined in the DHCP pool of addresses m In order to work correctly you must define a host or node address in the IP Profile Parameters
265. y retain records of the 128 most recent events In the Statistics amp Logs screen select WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen appears Main a e WAN Event History statistics amp Logs Device Event History 12 6 User s Reference Guide WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN The most recent events appear at the top WAN Event History Current Date 08 11 98 12 15 54 Device 08 11 98 12 11 12 Device restarted 08 11 98 10 36 38 EN IP up WAN 1 gateway 192 168 2 1 08 11 98 10 36 38 Device restarted Clear History Return Enter on event item for details or SCROLL UP DOWN item for scrolling Each entry in the list contains the following information Time Time of the event Date Date of the event Event A brief description of the event Ch The channel involved in the event Dir Number The directory number number dialed involved in the event Switched circuit models only The first event in each call sequence is marked with double arrows gt gt Failures are marked with an asterisk If the event history exceeds the size of the screen you can scroll through it by using the SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN items To scroll up select SCROLL UP at the top of the list and press Return To scroll down select SCROLL DOWN at the bottom of the list and press Return To get more information about any event listed in the WAN Event History
266. your Netopia R9100 m Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia R9100 s Ethernet port m Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP address that you entered in the last step m For unlimited user models if you desire multiple subnets select Define Additional Subnets 12 user models do not offer this option If you select this item you will be taken to the IP Subnets screen This screen allows you to define IP addresses and masks for additional subnets See IP subnets on page 9 10 for details IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9 7 The Netopia R9100 Ethernet Router supports multiple IP subnets on the Ethernet interface You may want to configure multiple IP subnets to service more hosts that are possible with your primary subnet It is not always possible to obtain a larger subnet from your ISP For example if you already have a full Class C Subnet your only option is multiple Class C subnets since it is virtually impossible to justify a Class or Class B assignment This assumes that you are not using NAT If you are using NAT you can use the reserved Class A or Class B subnet Select Default IP Gateway and enter the IP address for a default gateway This can be the address of any major router accessible to the Netopia R9100 A default gateway should be able to successfully route packets when the Netopia R9100 cannot recognize the intended recipient s IP address A

Farallon Communications R9100 Network Card User Manual

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