Agilent Technologies 89600 Webcam User Manual
Contents
1. 22 Span Hz 1 E 01 1 E 00 LEO h aSa LEO SSS XL 5 Msa s n E gt 3 10 Msa s i 1 Ec 2 pogo 1608 tS Ej 50 Msa s w i 1 l z 100 Msa s NN i H 409601 5 16 04 2 Msas id 2 sa s H i i 2 500 Msa s S i sar E E 1 Gsa s i t 2 1 E 05 i 4 Gsa s 12801 S B Gsa s an g 1 E 06 3001 4 Tw 5 aor 5 z 1 E 07 ai One channel operation only Minimum Maximum span depends on model number See Table 1 Time Rec Len 1 E 08 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 E 09 1 E 10 Span Hz Operating region Model Acqiris U1066A 001 DC440 and U1066A 002 DC438 Memory 4 Mpts 1 E 01 1 E 00 1 E 01 1 E 02 E 1EB E 2 amp 100 Msa s z 8 1E 04 400 Msa E iz 3 1 E 05 z Minimum E06 Time Rec Len U1066A 001 only 1 E 07 Maximum span depends on model number See Table 1 Alias exposure free zone does not apply to HF Input operation 1 E 08 1 E 02 1E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 E 09 Span Hz Operating region Model Acqiris U1066A 001 DC440 and U1066A 002 DC438 Memory 8 Mpts 1 E 01 1 E 00 LEO 1 E 02 5 Msa s 5 409601 5 i 208001 2 ES wn 5 A Isa s i 51201 100 Msa s 25800 amp 8 1E 04 g E 400 Msa s a 2 E xu 1 E 05 2 we amp 401 Minimum 201 TEOG Time Rec Le2. the downconverter s input center frequency IF bandwidth external bandwidth and IF mirroring can be taken into account by using the Utilities Calibration Frequency menu picks See the Help text for further details on using the external frequency tool IF out 200 to 500 MHz RF in gt LO in Bandpass filter Mini Circuits BLP 600 IF amp Mini Circuits ZFL 500 Figure 10 Block diagram of suggested downconverter See Table 4 for further details Table 7 External wideband downconverter details RF range Mixer LO IF amp Remarks 0 to 2 GHz None None Use digitizer Ch1 or Ch2 see Table 1 VSA Ch2 0 2 to 6 GHz Marki 16 to 19 dBm Mini Circuits2 Mxr CL 8 dB TOI 18 dBm M2 0006MA Fig Fre Fip ZFL 500 Amp gain 20 dB NF 5 5 dB Fip 200 500 MHz TOI 18 dBm 5 to 40 GHz Marki 3 to 17 dBm As above Mxr CL 8 dB TOI 16 dBm M9 05401N Fig Fre Fig 25 6 to 40 GHz Agilent 15 dBm As above 8th harmonic waveguide mixer 11970A Fig Fre Fig 8 Mxr CL 22 dB TOI 15 dBm 33 to 50 GHz Agilent 15 dBm As above 10th harmonic waveguide mixer 119700 Fig Fre Fyp 10 Mxr CL 24 dB TOI 15 dBm Fig 0 1 GHz 1 Marki Microwave http www markimicrowave com Telephone 408 778 4200 FAX 408 778 4300 215 Vineyard Court Morgan Hill CA 95037 2 Mini Circuits Inc 1 800 654 7949 44 1252 83600 http www minicircuits com Appendix B PC Requirements to Run 89600 Software The 89600 requires a
3. 12801 6401 3201 Time record length sec 1 E 06 N 801 401 umber of frequency points 1 E 07 Minimum 1 E 08 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 E 09 1 E 10 1 E 11 Span Hz Figure 5 The digitizer s available memory also constrains the operating region In full rate sample mode with the use of appropriate lowpass filtering Table 3 signal aliasing is completely avoided In this case the Operating Region is renamed Alias Exposure Free Zone to indicate this special condition NOTE Does not apply to HF operation Although the operating regions for all digitizer models are similar each model or model family may have important differences in their operating region curves due to differences in maximum sample rate front end analog performance and memory option Appendix C provides the operating curves for all supported digi tizers and most memory options Operating region with span and memory constraints 1 E 01 1 E 00 1 E 01 1 E 02 1 E 03 409601 1 E 04 204801 Operating region 102401 51201 1 E 05 Time record length sec 1 E 06 Number of frequency points 1 E 07 Minimum 1 E 08 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 E 09 1 E 10 1 E 11 Span Hz Figure 6 The true operating region is fully described when constrained by all the previous parameters number of frequency points span and digitizer memory See Appendix C for
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5. Digitizer Ch 2 Figure 1b Digitizers connected through embedded single board PC Alternatively the digitizers can be controlled by an embedded computer as shown in Figure 1b 3 2 Anti alias filters and alias exposure free mode The broadband VSA can be configured to be essentially alias free by using the full rate sampling mode and installing an external lowpass filter on the digitizer input Use BNC f to SMA m and SMA f to BNC m adapters to connect the filter s SMA connectors to the digitizer in case the digitizer has BNC connectors Table 3 External lowpass filters Digitizer model Cutoff frequency Filter part number U1066A 002 DC438 90 MHz Mini circuits BLP SLP 90 U1066A 001 DC440 100 MHz Mini circuits BLP SLP 100 U1065A DC252 2 ch 1650 MHz Mini circuits SLP 1650 DC282 2 ch U1065A DC222 DC252 2000 MHz Mini circuits SLP 2000 1 ch DC282 1ch 1 Mini Circuits Inc 1 800 854 7949 www minicircuits com 2 For the HF input a 300 MHz lowpass filter will avoid aliasing from signals above 300 MHz but in band and out of band aliasing is still possible since full rate mode is not supported with the HF input 4 Operation 4 1 Basic operation Operation of the broadband VSA is substantially the same as that of the 89600 VSA See the following sections for some differences or special configurations There is an online Tutorial and Getting Started Guide under the Help Roadmap toolbar in the 89600 software 4
6. PC connected via the PCI extender to the Acqiris digi tizer or an embedded PC The PC must meet or exceed the following minimum requirements CPU 600 MHz Pentium or AMD K6 gt 600 MHz Pentium or AMD K6 gt 2 GHz recommended Empty slots desktop 1 PCI bus slot two recommended or 1 PCle slot Empty slots laptop 1 CardBus Type II slot or 1 ExpressCard slot RAM 512 MB 1 GB recommended Video RAM 4 MB 16 MB recommended Hard disk 512 MB available Additional drives CD ROM or USB storage device to load the software License transfer requires a 3 5 inch floppy disk drive network access or USB memory stick Appendix C Operating region curves Operating region Model Acqiris U1065A DC222 DC252 DC282 Memory 1 Mpts LER 1 E 00 1 E 01 1 E 02 1 E 03 N 409601 gt gt 204801 1 E 04 Time record length sec Bag ees 1 E 05 12801 Alias exposure free zone 3201 1 E 06 g Number of frequency points 801 401 1 E 07 One channel operation only Minimum Maximum span depends on model number See Table 1 Time Rec Len 1 E 08 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 E 09 1 E 10 Span Hz Operating region Model Acqiris U1065A DC222 DC252 DC282 Memory 256 Mpts and 1024 Mpts
7. This setup keeps Main Time Length maximized and within the DSP requirements Although Main Time Length can be adjusted directly by the MeasSetup Time menu it cannot be greater than the limit imposed by the Number of Frequency Points line on the operating region chart See the online Help tool for a complete discussion Note The maximum Main Time Length can be found as follows The relationship between the parameters is shown below Max Main Time Length Number of frequency points Span where Span Sample rate 1 28 Max Main Time Length 1 28 x Number frequency points Sample rate where sample rate current sample rate computed by the software for alias free measurements Maximum Main Time Length may be further limited by digitizer memory depth 5 2 Operating region curves for Agilent Acgqiris digitizers Several interrelated characteristics of both the Acqiris digitizers and the 89600 VSA software combine to form a region within which the VSA is constrained to operate The 89600 VSA software characteristics that affect this operating region include maximum number of time points the minimum number of time points not user settable a maximum acquisition record size not user settable and a maximum decimation factor not user settable The Digitizer characteristics that affect the operating region are sample rate and memory depth This section describes the effects each of these parameters has on the VSA operating region The op
8. mowewowgpee 1 peuswe mm faos urosa ooz Dea 2 muswe mm 9m mw pezzo 1 ge mes im anms Furossa oozoczse T ze pes im ome rurossa ooz oczs2 2 rssh us tems iam unosan ocz 1 pee os im se mwswow pzy 2 isesem wus tems Dmm Note The stated recording depths are at maximum sample rate Lower user sample rates give proportionally longer times 6 Out of Band Alias Exposure Zones As mentioned above the user rate sampling modes increase the maximum Main Time length at the expense of possible aliasing of out of band signals into the frequency span of the measurement The spectrum ranges subject to the alias conversion are called alias exposure zones To determine if any out of band signals exist in the exposure zones run the Alias Exposure Zone Checker macro 6 1 Setting up the Alias Exposure Zone Checker Follow this procedure for setting up the Alias Exposure Zone Checker 1 Start the VSA application 2 Click on UtilitiesN Macros Recall Navigate to the Examples Macros subdirectory in the directory where you installed the VSA application for example C Program Files Agilent 89600 VSA Examples Macros Select RecallSetupAfterAliasCheck and AliasChecker files and click OK 3 Right click on the top of the VSA application You will see a popup showing the various to
9. to you performing like new when prom ised You will get full value out of your Agilent equipment through out its lifetime Your equipment will be serviced by Agilent trained technicians using the latest factory calibration procedures automated repair diagnostics and genuine parts You will always have the utmost confidence in your measurements Agilent offers a wide range of ad ditional expert test and measure ment services for your equipment including initial start up assistance onsite education and training as well as design system integration and project management For more information on repair and calibration services go to www agilent com find removealldoubt T www agilent com www agilent com find 89600 For more information on Agilent Technologies products applications or services please contact your local Agilent office The complete list is available at www agilent com find contactus Americas Canada Latin America United States 877 894 4414 305 269 7500 800 829 4444 Asia Pacific Australia 1 800 629 485 China 800 810 0189 Hong Kong 800 938 693 India 1800 112 929 Japan 0120 421 345 Korea 080 769 0800 Malaysia 1 800 888 848 Singapore 1800 375 8100 Taiwan 0800 047 866 Thailand 1 800 226 008 Europe amp Middle East Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Israel Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom 01
10. 2 Sampling modes full rate and user rate Full rate mode When the Sample Mode is set to full rate using the Utilities Hardware ADC1 Agilent Acgiris One Channel Digitizer Configure Sample Mode Edit menu path for the U1065A 001 or Utilities Hardware ADC1 Agilent Acqiris Two Channel Digitizer Configure Sample Mode Edit menu path for all the other models the digitizer sample rate is fixed at the maximum for each digitizer model according to Table 4 Table 4 Sample rates of Acqiris digitizers in full rate mode Digitizer model No of channels Full sample rate U1066A 001 DC440 1 400 M U1066A 001 DC440 2 400 M U1066A 002 DC438 1 200 M U1066A 002 DC438 2 200 M U1065A 001 DC222 1 8G U1065A 002 DC252 1 8G U1065A 002 DC252 2 4G U1065A 004 DC282 1 8G U1065A 004 DC282 2 4G With the addition of the anti alias lowpass filter described above this mode is free of alias exposure zones This means that no signal anywhere in the range of the VSA s center frequency will alias upon the desired signal and corrupt the measurement There is a trade off when using this mode Although the digitizers have deep memories allowing long record lengths if a longer Main Time or Result Length for digital demodulation is needed for more resolution in the frequency domain a different sample mode may be required Go to the Configure menu click on Sample Mode Edit and select User Rate from the drop down menu The Main Time limit for any sample ra
11. Agilent Acgiris Broadband High Speed Digitizers Using 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Software Application Note Vector signal analysis using Agilent Acgiris broadband digitizers Table of Contents 1 Overview 1 1 89600 VSA software 1 2 Required software revisions Install 89600 VSA Software Hardware Configuration 3 1 1 0 between computer and digitizer 3 2 Anti alias filters and alias exposure free mode Operation 4 1 Basic operation 4 2 Sampling modes full rate and user rate 4 3 Differences from 89600 VSA operation Time and Frequency Span Operating Region 5 1 The relationship of main time length span and sample rate 5 2 Operating region curves for Agilent Acqiris digitizers 5 3 Recording limits for Agilent Acqiris digitizers Out of Band Alias Exposure Zones 6 1 Setting up the alias exposure zone checker 6 2 Using the alias exposure zone checker Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C For More Information Related Literature List co co 1 O O O1 AAO 1 Overview This product note describes the characteristics setup and operation of a broadband vector signal analyzer VSA comprised of an Agilent Acqiris U1066A DC440 DC438 or U1065A DC282 DC252 DC222 high speed digitizer and the 89600 vector signal analyzer software By taking advantage of the layered architecture and extensive digital signal processing DSP routines of the 89600 VSA software the digitizer becomes a new front end data acquisition sub
12. M 1G U1065A 004 DC282 2 4G dc 1 5625 GHz 512k 64 M 512 M 1 Max span 164 MHz 1 189600 VSA software The 89600 vector signal analyzer software is the heart of the broadband VSA This software provides flexible tools for analyzing and demodulating even the most advanced digital modu lations including those not defined by an established standard The VSA makes measurements on signals in the time and frequency domains using either the BB baseband or IF Zoom mode In BB mode the analysis frequency range is from 0 Hz to the stop frequency In IF Zoom mode the analysis frequency range is defined by center frequency and span There is also an I jQ mode for analyzing two baseband quadrature channels Results for any mode can be displayed as magnitude or phase in 1 Q and several other formats With the optional digital demodulator Option 89600 AYA modulation quality measurements in the form of error vector magnitude EVM can be made on digital wireless communica tions signals with bandwidths of hundreds of MHz In addition powerful diagnosis capabili ties allow you to determine the exact impairments that cause a digitally modulated signal to fail quality standards The features of the digital demodulator include variable block size signal acquisition pulse burst edge search synch word search and a user controllable adaptive equalizer User selectable filter types include cosine raised and square root raised Gaussian low p
13. amily of overlapping operating regions one for each supported sample rate In general these regions would be the same for every digitizer that supports a given sample rate The only difference is when the maximum span at the maxi mum sample rate is limited by analog performance of the digitizer s front end rather than just by the sample rate In addition to the time record length limits there are limits to the allowable range of spans These are represented as vertical lines on the operating region graphs Figure 4 The upper span limit is set by the digitizer s sample rate For the highest sample rate supported by the digitizer this boundary may be further limited by the analog performance of the digitizer s front end To zoom in on a signal of interest by reducing the span traditional VSA instrumentation reduces the effective sample rate through the use of decimating filters while keeping the ADC at full rate This technique allows for maximum alias protection Unlike traditional VSA instruments the Acqiris digitizers have no decimating filters To compensate for this shortcoming decimating filters have been built into the 89600 VSA software The maximum amount of decimation allowed by the 89600 VSA software sets the minimum span for any given digitizer sample rate The operating region depicted in Figure 4 is determined by constraints imposed by both time record length and span The Acgiris digitizers support many sample rates For each s
14. ample rate the operating region shifts slightly on the operating region graph As the sample rate decreases the operating region shifts slightly up and to the left So for any given digitizer there will be a family of overlapping operating regions one for each supported sample rate Taken altogether these constraints form an operating region that the 89600 VSA software must remain within Figure 6 To complete our understanding there are a couple of additional points regarding sampling mode and alias exposure that must be presented The graphs presented in this section describe discrete operating regions that are a function of sample rate In full rate or user rate sample modes a single operat ing region curve fully describes the constraints imposed on the measurement Operating region span constraints 1 E 01 1 E 00 1 E 01 1 E 02 1 E 03 409601 1 E 04 102401 51201 1 E 05 25601 6401 3201 801 401 Time record length sec 1 E 06 Number of frequency points 1 E 07 Minimum 1 E 08 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 6 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 09 1 E 10 1 E 11 Span Hz Figure 4 The allowable range of spans which may differ by model further bound the operating region of the digitizer Operating region with memory constraints 1 E 01 1 E 00 1 E 01 1 E 02 1 E 03 409601 1 E 04 102401 51201 25601 1 E 05
15. ass and user defined You can vary the filter alpha BT shape factor Supported modulation formats for both burst and continuous carriers include FSK BPSK QPSK OOPSK DOPSK rm A4DOPSK 8PSK QAM 16 to 1024 and MSK In addition the 89600 software provides a signal record feature for later playback and analysis 1 2 Required software revisions Using the 89600 Series VSA software with Agilent Acqiris high speed digitizers requires compatible software versions Table 2 Required software versions Agilent Acqiris Software for AcqirisSoftware 3 2 Windows Driver AqDrv4 dil 4 13 or later For baseband operation 89600 VSA v8 00 or later Acqiris VSA Server 1 0 or later For HF operation 89600 VSA v9 00 or later Acqiris VSA Server 2 0 or later 2 Install 89600 VSA Software The 89600 VSA software must be installed on a computer Installation for standard operation Insert the Agilent Technologies 89600 Series Software CD ROM in your standard PC and follow the instructions in the installation wizard When the Installation Manager window opens click Install 89600 Series Software In the Hardware Support window select Acqiris VSA Server This will avoid installing unnecessary components on your computer After the software and hardware support is installed exit the Installation Manager window Installation for embedded operation Operation of the 89600 Series software on an embedded Compact PCI computer is similar to operatio
16. band signal to fold over on itself This in band or self aliasing is avoided in full rate mode by automatically selecting the highest sample rate However in user rate mode in band aliasing may be a problem To avoid in band aliasing you must select a suitable sample rate based on your measurement center frequency and span To avoid in band aliasing the digitizer sample rate Fs must be selected so that the analysis span falls within confined regions Staying within these regions prevents the analysis span from being positioned too close to Fs 2 When Fg is selected so that the span is confined to be within a single gray box see diagrams below in band aliasing is avoided See the following table for the equations that describe these in band alias free regions The primary use of user rate mode is to increase maximum waveform length that can be acquired or to increase the update rate In all cases user rate measure ments must be been carefully engineered to avoid unwanted alias signals DC FQ 256 Fg 2 n Fs n 1 2 Fs n 1 Fg Figure 2 Avoiding in band aliasing by selecting FS within a confined span NOTE User Rate is the only available mode in HF operation The VSA does not attempt to avoid alias exposure regions when in User Rate mode This table summarizes the difference in approach to alias protection between the various sample modes Table 5 Varying approaches for alias protection ate Both in band and out of ba
17. ence line the power in that zone is greater than the 40 dBc threshold of interference Click Yes in the checker dialog box to return to the original measurement setup Click No for further examination of the out of band signals You can return to the original measurement setup by clicking the Recall Setup After Alias Check macro icon Trace C Trace A fai Agilent 89600 vector Signal Analyzer Ele Edit Control Source Input MeasSetup Display Trace Markers Utiities Help gt u o 00 0 se Measurement paused INT REF CAL None Figure 7 Alias Exposure Zone Checker results The desired signal is at 150 MHz and an out of band signal is at 35 dBc and 642 MHz The unwanted signal in the second alias zone is 5 dB above the 40 dBc threshold line When no alias zones exist because the current sampling mode is alias free no orange zone boxes will appear In addition the message No Alias Zones Detected Restore Initial Settings will appear see Figure 8 ei Agilent 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer nl xl pu O O snae eji mi m so Color Normal ajl CRV087 CRVOS2 GetSampleRate Macro Rf Chi Spec Range 4 dBm PAL PANI Vj INIT Aa emp m m WAT ANT E LUE MT ALME TA 9 li n lib m Measurement running INTREF CAL None Figure 8 Alias checker results when no zones are detected No orange alias zone boxes appear No Alias Zones Detected Restore Initial Settings ecking
18. erating region is described in terms of span and time record length For a given window type it could just as easily be described in terms of span and RBW Figure 3 shows the effects of the number of time points the 89600 VSA software is allowed to collect Because sample spacing is inversely proportional to span the record length decreases as span increases Although a family of lines is shown only two define the operating region at any one time The lowest line gives the smallest time record length allowed for any given span The position of this line is determined by minimum number of time points 16 the VSA requires in a time record The line that defines the upper time record length boundary is positioned by the maximum number of time points the VSA allows in a time record The maxi mum number of time points is determined by the Frequency Points setting Meas Setup ResBWFrequency Points The 89600 VSA is constrained to operate in the region between these two lines Note that the operating lines of Figure 3 are the same for all digitizer models Operating region number of frequency points limits 1 E 01 1 E 00 1 E 01 g LE02 a 1 03 5 SONS NOON SND 409601 2 SMOMCNCNUCNMONONMIPNONUNM 204801 8 E 1 E 04 SS SS ON T0400 SQW BE o E05 MO SOO 280 8 g SNNN 6401 E E SNNN 3 00 5 1E06 Sy jw B 1 E 07 m eae Minimum 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 09 1 E 10 1 E 11 Span Hz Figure 3 The u
19. for Alias X When the original center frequency span is inadvertently tuned to an alias response of a signal whose frequency is not the center frequency the checker will attempt to suggest the signal s frequency The checker results at the desired center frequency location box formed by white solid and dashed lines will show no signal and a large signal will appear in one of the zones as shown in Figure 9 Further all zone boxes will be well above the orange threshold line fat Agilent 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer ini xi File Edit Control Source Input MeasSetup Display Trace Markers Utilities Help A TW SS 1 T gt u e G O snae A at CRV087 CRVO92 GetSampleRate Macrol Rs 73 075 dBm Measurement paused NTREF CAL None Figure 9 Alias checker results when the Agt sa ector x center frequency is originally tuned to an alias product The checker shows no sig nal at the desired frequency white solid The real Signal may be at 218 75 MHz dashed box and large zone boxes at the zones containing the desired signal Appendix A Downconverting RF and Microwave Signals into the Range of the Agilent Acqiris Digitizers External components with wide bandwidths can be used to downconvert signals into the range of the broadband VSAs The 89600 VSA software can account for the mixing equation of the external downconverter While the downconverter cannot be controlled by the software
20. n He U1086A 001 only 1 E 07 Maximum span depends on model number See Table 1 Alias exposure free zone does not apply to HF Input operation 1 E 08 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 1 E 09 For More Information For more product literature visit www agilent com find 89600 Related literature list 89600 Series Vector Signal Analyzers Installation and VXI Service Guide Go to www agilent com find 89600 then click on Technical Support gt Manuals Understanding Time and Frequency Domain Interactions in the Agilent Technologies 89400 Series Vector Signal Analyzers literature number 5962 9217EN 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer CD literature number 5980 1989E 89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis Software 89600 89600N 89601N12 Technical Overview literature number 5989 1679EN 89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis Software 89600 89600N 89601N12 Data Sheet literature number 5989 1786EN Agilent 6000 Series Digitizers Performance Guide Using 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Software literature number 5989 4523EN Hardware Measurement Platforms for the Agilent 89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis Software Data Sheet literature number 5989 1753EN 89600 Series Vector Signal Analyzers VXI Configuration Guide literature number 5968 9350E 89650S Wideband Vector Signal Analyzer System with High Performance Spectrum Analysis Technical Overview literature number 5989 0871EN 89650S Wideband Vector Signal Analyze
21. n on a standard PC The instructions for standard operation can be followed here as well using a LAN or USB accessible CD drive Note Before you can run the VSA with an Agilent Acqiris digitizer make sure the Agilent Acqiris digitizer hardware and driver software are installed and configured as directed in the 89600 Series Installation and VXI Service Guide found on your Agilent Technologies 89600 Series Software CD or go to www agilent com find 89600 then click on Technical Support Manuals 3 Hardware Configuration Connect the digitizer to the computer as shown in Figure 1a or 1b There are two options for the connection by remote computer or by embedded computer 3 1 1 0 between computer and digitizer Operation of the 89600 Series software on an embedded Compact PCI computer is similar to operation on a standard PC The instructions for standard operation can be followed here as well using a LAN or USB accessible CD drive Agilent Acqiris data acquisition system 2 Interface CD amp Optional anti alias LPFs E InputCh1 Input Ch 2 Digitizer Ch 1 Digitizer Ch 2 Figure 1a Digitizers connected through CompactPCI to PCI interface The digitizers can be connected through various interface types from a CompactPCI crate to either a desktop PC or a portable PC Agilent Acqiris data acquisition system Optional anti alias LPFs E Embedded computer Input Ch1 Input Ch 2 Digitizer Ch 1
22. nd Number of Frequency Points There is also potential interference due to the alias products of out of band signals See Section 6 No built in wideband calibrator The frequency response corrections are determined from factory data 5 Time and Frequency Span Operating Region The operating region curves for the broadband VSAs are different from those of standard VSAs because the Main Time Length may be limited for some sample rate center frequency and span combinations The differences are due to three hardware characteristics of the ultra wideband ADCs in the Agilent Acqiris digitizers e A much higher sampling rate e The lack of a hardware decimator which means the decimation must be performed by the software from same length records taken at much higher sampling rates e Limited memory capacity 5 1 The relationship of main time length span and sample rate The record length or Main Time Length of a measurement is shown in the lower right corner of a spectrum or time display window This is the length of time the digitizer sampled the input waveform for the measurement These samples are transferred to the DSP and measurement algorithms running on the software Maximum Main Time Length is normally adjusted by setting Number of Frequency Points in the MeasSetup ResBW menu ResBW Coupling is set to Auto and ResBW mode is set to Arbitrary or 1 3 10 The Time tab can then be used to set Main Time Length up to this maximum limit
23. nd aliasing are prevented through use of the maximum sample rate and an appropriate lowpass filter E38 612 You are responsible to avoid in band aliasing through appropriate selection of sample rate based on center frequency and span To ensure no in band aliasing is present the digitizer sample rate FS must be selected to meet this criteria Baseband Fetgp lt Fg 2 56 Zoom n Fg 2 lt FCENTER 1 28 FspAN 2 AND n 1 Fs 2 2 FCENTER 1 28 i FspAN 2 where n 1 2 3 4 Out of band aliasing is minimized through use of appropriate low pass filter Use of Alias Checker macro Section 6 is required to detect other unwanted out of band signal aliasing Note aliasing of unwanted signals can be eliminated through use of appropriate bandpass filter Another concern in user rate mode is that you may see unwanted amplitude variability in two channel measurements This can occur if any part of the mea surement frequency span falls within the regions defined by 2 n 1 x Fg 2 0 1 x Fs where n 1 2 3 4 where Fe is the actual digitizer sample rate Make sure you choose a sample rate where such overlap does not occur 4 3 Differences from 89600 VSA operation e No Magnitude Trigger however Channel Trigger is available e Possible limitation of movement on the operating region curve to avoid alias corruption of the measured signal This depends on the settings of Center Frequency Span Sample Mode a
24. olbars Select the Macros toolbar This will make the alias checker icons appear on your VSA application toolbar 6 2 Using the Alias Exposure Zone Checker The Alias Exposure Zone Checker calculates the frequencies of the alias exposure zones for any combination of center frequency span and digitizer sample rate It then measures the power in each zone and compares it to the power of the desired signal in the span of the measurement setup at the time the checker was started An unwanted signal in an exposure zone is a source of interference if it is larger than the desired signal s amplitude minus 40 dB This 40 dBc threshold is approximately the same level as the quantization errors in the digitizer s 10 bit digitizer and represents the limit of the digitizer s dynamic range The 40 dBc level is sufficient for 1 to 2 percent EVM measurements Launch the checker macro by using the tool path Utilities Macros Alias Checker or click its icon shown below on the bottom of the tool bar NOTE The Alias Exposure Zone Checker cannot be used with the U1066A 001 DC440 HF Input When the macro stops a full span spectrum trace Figure 7 will appear in Trace A green It shows the desired signal plus any unwanted signals Superimposed is an orange Trace C showing boxes for each exposure zone frequency range Any unwanted signal falling inside the zone box is a source of alias interference If the height of any box is higher than the orange refer
25. operating region charts for the various supported digitizers 5 3 Recording limits for Acgiris digitizers The 89600 VSA software allows the acquisition of long records to be captured Analysis is done as a post processing operation This feature is called Recording Recordings can be much longer than time records in live measurements Prior to taking a recording live test measurements of Main Time length are usually made at the desired span Then when the recording is made the analyzer no longer uses Main Time Length but instead uses Recording Length to determine length of the acquired record When making an 89600 VSA recording the maximum recording length is determined by the digitizer sample rate and memory depth When in user rate the maximum record ing lengths will increase as the sample rate decreases The recording length increase is directly proportional to the sample rate decrease or the memory depth increase The following table indicates the maximum recording length at full rate for each supported digitizer Table 6 Maximum recording lengths at maximum span for each digitizer model with memory Model No of Maxspan Recording length for possible memory configurations Ch s 512k IM 4M 8M 64M 128M 512M 1G Fen peaosa 1 we Wms 2oms meson ocan sa 2 wwe ms aos meson pene 1 ies um 2m moe pcwo nr 2 feam wm oms
26. r System with High Performance Spectrum Analysis Configuration Guide literature number 5989 1435EN 89607A WLAN Test Suite Software Technical Overview literature number 5988 9574EN 89604A Distortion Test Suite Software Technical Overview literature number 5988 7812EN Microsoft Windows and XP Professional are U S registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Pentium is a U S registered trademark of Intel Corporation Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice E Agilent Email Updates www agilent com find emailupdates Get the latest information on the products and applications you select 9 Agilent Direct www agilent com find agilentdirect Quickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence Agilent f Open er www agilent com find open Agilent Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming test systems to help engineers design validate and manufacture electronic products Agilent offers open connectivity for a broad range of system ready instruments open industry software PC standard 1 0 and global support which are combined to more easily integrate test system development LXI www lxistandard org LXI is the LAN based successor to GPIB providing faster more efficient connectivity Agilent is a founding member of the LXI consortium Remove all doubt Our repair and calibration services will get your equipment back
27. ser settable parameter frequency points begins to determine the boundaries of the time record length and frequency span operating region In addition to the time record length limits there are limits to the allowable range of spans These are represented as vertical lines on the operating region graphs Figure 4 The upper span limit is set by the digitizer s sample rate For the highest sample rate supported by the digitizer this boundary may be further limited by the analog performance of the digitizer s front end To zoom in on a signal of interest by reducing the span traditional VSA instrumentation reduces the effective sample rate through the use of decimating filters while keeping the ADC at full rate This technique allows for maximum alias protection Unlike traditional VSA instruments the Acqiris digitizers have no decimating filters To compensate for this shortcoming decimating filters have been built into the 89600 VSA software The maximum amount of decimation allowed by the 89600 VSA software sets the minimum span for any given digitizer sample rate The operating region depicted in Figure 4 is determined by constraints imposed by both time record length and span The Acgiris digitizers support many sample rates For each sample rate the operating region shifts slightly on the operating region graph As the sample rate decreases the operating region shifts slightly up and to the left So for any given digitizer there will be a f
28. system for the VSA This hardware software combination provides up to 2 GHz of analysis bandwidth depending on the digitizer used See Table 1 for the supported digitizer models and the corresponding analysis bandwidths Appendix A contains suggestions for ultra wideband downconverters The 10 and 12 bit high sample rate analog to digital converter ADC in the Acqiris digitizers produces the large analysis bandwidths shown in Table 1 These bandwidths are capable of providing a spurious free dynamic range greater than or equal to 40 dB for the U1065A and greater than or equal to 75 dB for the U1066A This is sufficient for 1 5 to 2 error vector magnitude measurements in most cases For spectrum measure ments with higher dynamic range a traditional spectrum analyzer should be used Table 1 Agilent Acqiris digitizers supported by 89600 VSA software Model No of Max Frequency Default Optional channels sample rate range memory memory U1066A 001 DC440 1 400M dc 100 MHz 4M 8M U1066A 001 DC440 2 400 M dc 100 MHz 4M 8M U1066A 001 DC440 HF input 1 420 M 1 MHz 300 MHz 4M 8M U1066A 001 DC440 HF input 2 420 M 1 MHz 300 MHz 4M 8M U1066A 002 DC438 1 200 M dc 78 125 MHz 4M 8M U1066A 002 DC438 2 200 M dc 78 125 MHz 4M 8M U1065A 001 DC222 1 8G dc 2 GHz 1M 128 M 1G U1065A 002 DC252 1 8G dc 2 GHz 1M 128 M 1G U1065A 002 DC252 2 4G dc 1 5625 GHz 512 k 64 M 512 M U1065A 004 DC282 1 8G dc 2 GHz 1M 128
29. te is shown in the operating region curves that appear in Appendix C NOTE Any limitation to Main Time or Result Length will be indicated by the inability of the software to increase the Main Time or decrease RBW when Number of Frequency Points is increased User rate mode The user rate setting allows you to directly control the digitizer s sample rate In this mode you select the digitizer sample rate to be used The actual sample rate selected will be the highest rate that is less than or equal to the user sample rate setting By controlling the digitizer s sample rate you can directly influence the update rate of the VSA This is because sample rate directly affects the num ber of points the digitizer must transfer to the PC Certain measurements can be made significantly faster by limiting the digitizer sample rate due to reduced data transfer requirements There are two types of signal aliasing to be concerned with when using the 89600 VSA application with an Agilent Acqiris digitizer The first is aliasing of unwanted out of band signals into the measurement span This will not be a problem with the majority of clean single signal devices However devices with multiple or spurious signals could have this type of aliasing Section 6 describes how to perform a check to determine if there are any unwanted signals present that can alias down into the measurement span A second type of aliasing hap pens when the sample rate causes the in
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