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Agilent Technologies 22A Sprinkler User Manual

1. Figure 2 3 i Measure Horizontal Waveform Run Display keys controls keys controls Z Y H 2 Agilent geseen ua oom 10 Torional an oei EES PENAT Gecutsed ed 20 dob Entry y wavetorm 1 knob Gate on Maz Trigger Se controls A cere E35 Csm ee utoscale Maer key Softkeys Utility key a Probe ree Comp 9 aT ED eS aB output i A uss scommanded ostis only i INTENSITY N WS tc Intensity Floppy Power Analog Channel File Digital Channel control disk switch inputs controls keys inputs controls 54621D 54622D 54641D and 54642D Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes Front Panel 2 9 Front Panel Operation This chapter provides a brief overview of interpreting information on the display and an introduction to operating the front panel controls Detailed oscilloscope operating instructions are provided in later chapters 54621D 54622D 54641D and 54642D digital channels Because all of the oscilloscopes in the 54620 40 series have analog channels the analog channel topics in this chapter apply to all instruments Whenever a topic discusses the digital channels that information applies only to the 54621D 54622D 54641D or 54642D Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes Front Panel Overview Interpreting the display Interpreting the display The oscilloscope display contains channel acquisitions setup information measurement results and softkeys for setting up parameters An
2. 4 46 CAUTION MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To reset the label library to the factory default To reset the label library to the factory default 1 Press the Utility key then press the Options softkey Pressing the Default Library softkey will remove all user defined labels from the library and set the labels back to the factory default Once deleted these user defined labels cannot be recovered Press the Default Library softkey This will delete all user defined labels from the library and set the labels in the library back to the factory default However this does not default the labels currently assigned to the channels those labels that appear in the waveform area Defaulting labels without erasing the default library Selecting Default Setup in the Save Recall menu will set all channel labels back to the default labels 1 2 D15 D0 but does not erase the list of user defined labels in the Library 4 47 Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups You can save your current setup and waveform trace to the floppy disk or to internal memory then recall the setup waveform trace or both later When you save a setup all settings including measurements cursors math functions and horizontal vertical and trigger settings are saved to the file you have selected Making a hardcopy print To make a hardcopy of the complete screen image including the status line and softk
3. 2 23 Front Panel Overview To modify the display grid To modify the display grid Press the Display key Turn the Entry knob to change the intensity of the displayed grid The intensity level is shown in the Grid softkey and is adjustable from 0 to 100 Each major division in the grid also know as graticule corresponds to the sweep speed time shown in the status line on the top of the display To change waveform intensity turn the INTENSITY knob on the lower left corner of the front panel To print the display You can print the complete display including the status line and softkeys to a parallel printer or to the floppy disk by pressing the Quick Print key You can stop printing by pressing the Cancel Print softkey To set up your printer press the Utility key then press the Print Confg softkey For more information on printing and floppy disk operation refer to the Utilities chapter 2 24 Triggering the Oscilloscope Triggering the Oscilloscope The Agilent 54620 40 series Oscilloscopes provide a full set of features to help automate your measurement tasks including MegaZoom technology to help you capture and examine the stored waveforms of interest even untriggered waveforms With these oscilloscopes you can e modify the way the oscilloscope acquires data e set up simple or complex trigger conditions as needed to capture only the sequence of events you want to examine The os
4. li y Getting Started To power on the oscilloscope To power on the oscilloscope 1 Connect the power cord to the rear of the oscilloscope then to a suitable ac voltage source The oscilloscope power supply automatically adjusts for input line voltages in the range 100 to 240 VAC Therefore you do not need to adjust the input line voltage setting The line cord provided is matched to the country of origin Ensure that you have the correct line cord See table 1 3 2 Press the power switch Some front panel key lights will come on and the oscilloscope will be operational in about 5 seconds Getting Started To adjust the waveform intensity To adjust the waveform intensity The Intensity control is at the lower left corner of the front panel e To decrease waveform intensity rotate the Intensity control counter clockwise e To increase waveform intensity rotate the Intensity control clockwise Figure 1 1 Dim Bright Intensity control The grid or graticule intensity on the display can be adjusted by pressing the Display key then turn the Entry knob labeled 4 on the front panel to adjust the Grid control CAUTION A CAUTION Getting Started To connect the oscilloscope analog probes To connect the oscilloscope analog probes The analog input impedance of these oscilloscopes is selectable either 50Q 54640 series only or 1 MQ The 50Q mode mat
5. 3 46 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on all fields of the video signal To quickly and easily view transitions between fields or to find the amplitude differences between the fields use the All Fields trigger mode The oscilloscope will trigger on the first field it finds at the start of acquisition 1 Press the Trigger More key then press the TV softkey 2 Press the Settings softkey then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard 3 Press the Mode softkey and select All Fields re CS Gd oi ee GS NTSC All Fields 1 Triggering on All Fields 3 47 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on odd or even fields To check the envelope of your video signals or to measure worst case distortion trigger on the odd or even fields When Field 1 is selected the oscilloscope triggers on color fields 1 or 3 When Field 2 is selected the oscilloscope triggers on color fields 2 or 4 Press the Trigger More key then press the TV softkey Press the Settings softkey then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard Press the Mode softkey and select Field1 or Field2 The trigger circuits look for the position of the start of Vertical Sync to determine the field But this definition of field does not take into consideration the phase of the reference subcarrier When Field 1 is selected the trigger system will find any field where the
6. CAT 300 Vrms 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms 400 Vpk with 10073C 10 1 probe CAT 500 Vpk CAT II 400 Vpk 5 Vrms with 50 ohm input DC coupling trigger level 8 V AC coupling LF reject AC input minus trigger level not to exceed 8 V DC to 100 MHz lt 100 mV 100 MHz to max bandwidth lt 200 mV ac 3 5 Hz dc noise reject HF reject and LF reject 50 kHz Auto probe sense for 54641A 42A 7 18 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Display System Display Throughput of Analog Channels Resolution Controls Built in Help System Real Time Clock 7 inch raster monochrome CRT 25 million gray scale vectors sec per channel 255 vertical by 1000 horizontal points waveform area 32 levels of gray scale Waveform intensity on front panel Vectors on off infinite persistence on off 8 x 10 grid with continuous intensity control Key specific help in 11 languages displayed by pressing and holding key or softkey of interest Time and date user setable Measurement Features Automatic Measurements Voltage analog channels only Time Counter Threshold Definition Cursors Waveform Math Measurements are continuously updated Cursors track current measurement Peak to Peak Maximum Minimum Averag
7. Pulse Width Trigger when a positive or negative going pulse is less than greater than or within a specified range on any of the source channels Minimum pulse width setting 5ns Maximum pulse width setting 10s CAN Trigger on CAN Controller Area Network version 2 0A and 2 0B signals It can trigger onthe Start of Frame bit of a data frame a remote transfer request frame or an overload frame Duration Trigger on a multi channel pattern whose time duration is less than a value greater than a value greater than a time value with a timeout value or inside or outside of a set of time values Minimum duration setting 5 ns Maximum duration setting 10s rc Trigger on IC Inter IC bus serial protocol ata start stop condition a restart a missing acknowledge or user defined frame with address and or data values Also trigger on Missing Acknowledge Restart EEPROM read and 10 bit write Sequence Find event A trigger on event B with option to reset on event C or time delay SPI Trigger on SPI Serial Protocol Interface a data pattern during a specific framing period Support positive and negative Chip Select framing ad well as clock Idle framing and user specified number of bits per frame USB Trigger on USB Universal Serial Bus Start of Packet End of Packet Reset Complete Enter Suspend or Exit Suspend on the differential USB data lines USB low speed and high speed are supported TV Trigger on any analog channel for NTSC
8. Safety IEC 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 EN 61010 1 1993 A2 1995 Canada CSA 22 2 No 1010 1 1992 Additional Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC including 93 68 EEC and carries the CE marking accordingly European Union The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems Date 06 28 2000 Kent Name Ken Wyatt Product Regulations Manager For further information please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office agent or distributor Product Regulations EMC Performance Criteria IEC 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 EN 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 CISPR 11 1990 EN 55011 1991 IEC 61000 4 2 1995 A1 1998 EN 61000 4 2 1995 IEC 61000 4 3 1995 EN 61000 4 3 1995 IEC 61000 4 4 1995 EN 61000 4 4 1995 IEC 61000 4 6 1996 EN 61000 4 6 1996 Canada ICES 001 1998 D gt v w Ww B 1 Safety IEC 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 EN 61010 1 1994 A2 1995 Canada CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 1992 ISM 1 A N10149 Additional Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC including 93 68 EEC and carries the CE Marking accordingly European Union Performance Criteria A Pass Normal operation no effect B Pass Temporary degradation self recoverable C Pass Temporary degradation operator int
9. User s Guide Publication Number 54622 97029 March 2002 For Safety Information and Regulatory information see the pages behind the Index Copyright Agilent Technologies 2000 2002 All Rights Reserved MEGAZ oor Agilent 54621A 22A 24A 41A 42A Oscilloscopes and Agilent 54621D 22D 41D 42D Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes The Oscilloscopes at a Glance Choose from a variety of oscilloscopes for capturing long non repeating signals with 200 MSa s sample rate and 2 MBytes of MegaZoom deep memory per channel e Agilent 54621A 2 channel 60 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54621D 2 channel 16 logic channels 60 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54622A 2 channel 100 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54622D 2 channel 16 logic channels 100 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54624A 4 channel 100 MHz bandwidth with 2 GSa s sample rate and 4 MBytes of MegaZoom deep memory per channel e Agilent 54641A 2 channel 350 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54641D 2 channel 16 logic channels 350 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54642A 2 channel 500 MHz bandwidth e Agilent 54642D 2 channel 16 logic channels 500 MHz bandwidth Display shows current input signals e All analog and digital 54621D 22D 41D 42D channels displayed in main and delayed mode e Indicators for channel time base digital 54621D 22D 41D 42D channel activity trigger and acquisition status e Softkey labels e Measurement results Digital channel controls select position and la
10. p when channel is off the box is not filled Jj 4 35 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To force all channels on or all channels off To force all channels on or all channels off 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru DO key 2 Press the Turn on or Turn off softkey Each time you press this softkey the softkey toggles between Turn on and Turn off When pressed this softkey forces all digital channels in the selected pod to be turned on or to be turned off To turn one or more of the individual channels back off or on turn the Entry knob to select the desired channel then press the channel on off softkey to turn the channel on or off Turn on Turn off softkey and D15 Thru D8 D7 Thru DO key differences The Turn on Turn off softkey toggles the on off state of the channels The D15 Thru D8 D7 Thru DO front panel key toggles the display state of the channels Toggling the display state means you can setup what channels you wantto see then quickly hide or display the channels by pressing the D15 Thru D8 D7 Thru DO key To change the display size of the digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru DO key 2 Press the size JL JL softkey to select how the digital channels are displayed The sizing control allows you to spread out or compress the digital traces vertically on the display for more convenient viewing Setting the size in either digital channel menu determines the size for
11. Data Using the Oscilloscope and Refining the Trigger Specification 1 3 Setting up the Oscilloscope To prepare your oscilloscope for use you need to do the following tasks After you have completed them you will be ready to use the oscilloscope In the following topics you will inspect package contents inspect options and accessories learn how to clean the oscilloscope adjust the handle power on the oscilloscope adjust the display intensity connect the oscilloscope probes connect the digital probes with 54621D 22D 41D 42D connect a printer connect a RS 232 cable verify basic oscilloscope operation get started using the oscilloscope interface learn how to use Quick Help 1 4 Getting Started To inspect package contents To inspect package contents LI Inspect the shipping container for damage If your shipping container appears to be damaged keep the shipping container or cushioning material until you have inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the oscilloscope mechanically and electrically Li Verify that you received the following items and any optional accessories in the oscilloscope packaging see figure following e 54620 40 Series Oscilloscope 54621A 21D 22A 22D 24A 41A 41D 42A or 42D e 10 1 passive probes with id 2 10074C 150 MHz for 54621A 21D 22A or 22D 4 10074C 150 MHz for 54624A 2 10073C 500 MHz for 54641A 41D 4
12. H 10ns H 10 ns Z Trigger e greater than a time value gt For example for a positive pulse if you set t gt 10 ns H 10ns H 10ns Trigger e within a range of time values gt lt For example for a positive pulse if you set t gt 10 ns and t lt 15 ns ke 10ns 15 ns H 12ns __ Trigger Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pulse Width triggering Select the qualifier time set softkey lt or gt then rotate the Entry knob to set the pulse width qualifier time The qualifiers can be set as follows 54620 series e 5ns to 10 for gt or lt qualifier e 10 ns to 10 s for gt lt qualifier with minimum difference of 5 ns between upper and lower settings 54640 series e 2ns to 10 s for gt or lt qualifier when source is analog channel or external trigger e 5ns to 10 s for gt or lt qualifier when source is digital channel 10 ns to 10 s for gt lt qualifier with minimum difference of 5 ns between upper and lower settings lt qualifier time set softkey e When the less than lt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a pulse width less than the time value displayed on the softkey e When the time range gt lt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the upper time range value gt qualifier time set softkey e When the greater
13. Making time measurements automatically FFT measurements When you make an X at Max or X at Min measurement on a math FFT function the resultant units will be in Hertz No other time related automatic measurement can be made onthe FFT math function Use the cursors to make other measurements on FFT The following figure shows time measurement points Rise Time Fall Time Width gt lt Width gt le Period gt Digital channel time measurements Automatic time measurements Delay Fall Time Phase Rise Time X at Max X at Min and are not valid for digital channels on the mixed signal oscilloscope Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Measurement definitions Counter The Counter measurement counts trigger level crossings at the selected trigger slope and displays the results in Hz The gate time for the measurement is automatically adjusted to be 100 ms or twice the current time window which ever is longer up to 1 second Any channel except Math may be selected for the source Only one Counter measurement may be displayed at a time The Y cursor shows the edge threshold level used in the measurement The Counter measurement can measure frequencies up to 125 MHz The minimum frequency supported is 1 2 X gate time Duty Cycle The duty cycle of a repetitive pulse train is the ratio of the positive pulse width to the period expressed as a percentage The X cursor
14. PAL PAL M or SECAM broadcast standards on either positive or negative composite video signals Modes supported include Field 1 Field 2 or both all lines or any line within a field Also supports triggering on non interlaced fields TV trigger sensitivity 0 5 division of synch signal Autoscale Finds and displays all active analog and digital channels for 54621D 54622D sets edge trigger mode on highest numbered channel sets vertical sensitivity on analog channels and thresholds on digital channels time base to display 1 8 periods Requires minimum voltage gt 10 mVpp 0 5 duty cycle and minimum frequency gt 50 Hz 7 7 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Analog Channel Triggering Range Internal Sensitivity Coupling 6 div from center screen Greater of 0 35 div or 2 5 mV AC 3 5 Hz DC noise reject HF reject and LF reject 50 kHz Digital D15 DO Channel Triggering 54621D and 5462 2D Threshold Range used defined Threshold Accuracy Predefined Thresholds 8 0 V in 10 mV increments 100 mV 3 of threshold setting TTL 1 4V CMOS 2 5 V ECL 1 3 V External EXT Triggering Input Resistance Input Impedance Maximum Input A Range Sensitivity Coupling Probe ID Ag
15. Portugu s Portuguese PYCCKMM Russian Espanol Spanish You can also select a language later from the Utility Language menu Getting Started Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope Press the Utility key then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu Press the Language softkey until the desired language in the list is selected Help Language English AIREX Chinese Simplified AEH Chinese Traditional Fran ais French _ Deutsch German Portugu s Portuguese PYCCKMM Russian Espafiol Spanish When updates occur an updated language file can be downloaded from www agilent com find 5462xsw for the 54620 series or www agilent com find 5464xsw for the 54640 series or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument 1 26 Getting Started Loading an updated language file from floppy disk Loading an updated language file from floppy disk When updates occur an updated language file can be downloaded from www agilent com find 5462xsw for the 54620 series or www agilent com find 5464xsw for the 54640 series or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument Insert the floppy disk containing the language file into the floppy disk drive on the oscilloscope
16. To compensate your analog probe You should compensate you analog probes to match their characteristics to the oscilloscope A poorly compensated probe can introduce measurement errors To compensate a probe follow these steps 1 Connect the probe from channel 1 to the Probe Comp signal on the lower right corner of the front panel Press Autoscale Use anonmetallic tool to adjust the trimmer capacitor on the probe for the flattest pulse possible aw N Perfectly compensated Over compensated Under compensated PES YZ r comp cdr Getting Started To use the digital probes mixed signal oscilloscope only To use the digital probes mixed signal oscilloscope only 1 If you feel it s necessary turn off the power supply to the circuit under test Turning off power to the circuit under test would only prevent damage that might occur if you accidentally short two lines together while connecting probes You can leave the oscilloscope powered on because no voltage appears at the probes Connect the digital probe cable to D15 DO connector on the front panel of the mixed signal oscilloscope The digital probe cable is indexed so you can connect it only one way You do not need to power off the oscilloscope N a aa amp eo o o UN Use only the Agilent part number 54620 68701 digital probe kit supplied with the mixed signal oscillosco
17. X at Min and X at Max automatic measurements may be made on a math FFT function See Making time measurements automatically for the FFT X at Max and X at Min measurement Use the cursors to make other measurements on FFT All voltage measurements may be made on other math functions The resultant units are FFT dB decibels 1 2 V2 A2 or W Volt Amp 1 2 V Volts or A Amps d dt V s or A s V second A second fdt Vs or As V seconds or A seconds When the FFT source is channel 1 or channel 2 or channel 3 or 4 on the 54624A FFT units will be displayed in dBV when channel units is set to Volts and channel impedance is set to 1 MQ FFT units will be displayed in dBm when channel units is set to Volts and channel impedance is set to 50Q 54640 series only FFT units will be displayed as dB for all other FFT sources or when a source channel s units has been set to Amps The following figure shows the voltage measurement points Maximum 4 Top Amplitude N Peak Peak 5 45 Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically Digital channel voltage measurements Automatic voltage measurements are not valid on digital channels on the mixed signal oscilloscope Measurement definitions Amplitude The Amplitude of a waveform is the difference between its Top and Base values The Y cursors show the values being measured Average Average is the sum of the
18. plotted to the right of the trigger point In Roll mode there is no trigger The fixed reference point on the screen is the right edge of the screen and refers to the current moment in time Events that have occurred are scrolled to the left of the reference point Since there is no trigger no pre trigger information is available If you would like to clear the display and restart an acquisition in Roll mode press the Single key Use Roll mode on low frequency waveforms to yield a display much like a strip chart recorder It allows the waveform to roll across the display XY mode XY mode changes the display from a volts versus time display to a volts versus volts display The time base is turned off and Channel 1 amplitude is plotted on the X axis and Channel 2 amplitude is plotted on the Y axis You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Use the cursors to make measurements on XY mode waveforms For more information about using XY mode for measurements refer to the Making Measurements chapter MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Acquisition Modes Remember how when using your analog oscilloscope you had to constantly adjust the brightness You did this to see the desired level of detail in a sig
19. the oscilloscope triggers on a read or write frame in 7 bit addressing mode on the 17th clock edge if all bits in the pattern match For triggering purposes a restart is treated as a start condition S Redd Write E soa T _ 75 e a scel Nea AT ET BNI NST 1 7 im FS ap uy ai aye Address RAW Ack Data Ack Start or Stop Restart Trigger point Condition Condition 17th clock edge 3 26 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use 12C triggering 10 bit Write the oscilloscope triggers on a 10 bit write frame on the 26th clock edge if all bits in the pattern match The frame is in the format Frame Start Address byte 1 Write Address byte 2 Ack Data For triggering purposes a restart is treated as a start condition Write on a SOL i 1 7 fe So 1 a a 1 7 ied Start or Address RW Ackl Address Ack Data ek Stop Restart st byte 2nd byte Trigger point Condition Condition 26th clock edge If you have set the oscilloscope to trigger on an EEPROM Data Read condition Press the Data is softkey to set the oscilloscope to trigger when data is equal to not equal to lt less than or gt greater than the data value set in the Data softkey The oscilloscope will trigger on the clock edge for the Ack bit after the trigger event is found This data byte does not need to occur directly after the control byte The oscilloscope will trigger on any data byte that meets the criteria defined by the Data is and Da
20. the upper time range value e When Timeout qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the timeout value When the duration trigger occurs The timer starts on the last edge that makes the pattern logical AND true The trigger will occur on the first edge that makes the pattern false if the time qualifier criteria of the pattern has been met except in Timeout mode In Timeout the trigger occurs when the timeout value is reached while the pattern is true 3 23 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering To use I C triggering An PC Inter IC bus trigger setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to the serial data SDA line and the serial clock SCL line then triggering on a stop start condition a restart a missing acknowledge an EEPROM data read or on a read write frame with a specific device address and data value Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until I C is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display the PC trigger menu Currently selected Clock Trigger level or Data channel or threshold 7C trigger eee O r E E Time E RT Tame See eT EBY Mar pis poed SCL Clock SDA Data Trigger on Address Data Return to channel channel condition value previous menu Connect an oscilloscope channel to the SCL serial clock line in the circuit under test then set the SCL clock channel softkey to that channel A
21. 19 To start and stop an acquisition 2 20 To make a single acquisition 2 20 To use delayed sweep 2 21 To make cursor measurements 2 22 To make automatic measurements 2 23 To modify the display grid 2 24 To print the display 2 24 Triggering the Oscilloscope Selecting Trigger Modes and Conditions 3 3 To select the Mode and Coupling menu 3 3 To select a trigger mode Normal Auto Auto Level 3 4 To select trigger Coupling 3 6 To select Noise Reject and HF Reject 3 6 To set holdoff 3 7 External Trigger Input 3 9 Trigger Types 3 11 To use Edge triggering 3 12 To use Pulse Width triggering 3 14 To use Pattern triggering 3 17 To use CAN triggering 3 19 To use Duration triggering 3 21 To use 12C triggering 3 24 To use Sequence triggering 3 29 To use SPI triggering 3 35 To use TV triggering 3 40 To use USB triggering 3 50 The Trigger Out connector 3 52 Contents 2 Contents 4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts 4 3 Deep Memory 4 4 Oscilloscope Responsiveness 4 5 Display Update Rate 4 6 To setup the Analog channels 4 7 To setup the Horizontal time base 4 11 Acquisition Modes 4 17 Display modes 4 21 Pan and Zoom 4 23 To pan and zoom a waveform 4 24 Run Stop Single Infinite Persistence Operation 4 25 Acquiring Data 4 26 Memory Depth Record Length 4 27 To run and stop an acquisition 4 28 To take a single trace 4 28 To capture asingle event 4 29 To use infinite
22. CSV format Recalled 1 0 RS 232 serial standard port Parallel standard port Printer Compatibility Optional GPIB Interface Module 1 port XON or DTR 8 data bits 1 stop bits parity none 9600 19200 38400 57600 baud rates Printer support HP DeskJet HP LaserJet with HP PCL 3 or greater compatibility Compatibility black and white 150x150 dpi gray scale 600x600 dpi Epson black and white 180x180 dpi Seiko DPU 414 black and white Fully programmable with IEEE488 2 compliance Typical GPIB throughput of 20 measurements or twenty 2000 point records per second 7 20 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature General Characteristics Physical Size Weight Calibrator Output Trigger Out Printer Power Kensington lock 32 26 cm wide x 17 27 cm high x 31 75 cm deep without handle 6 82 kgs 15 Ibs Frequency 2 kHz Amplitude 5 V 0 to 5 V with 50 Q source impedance delay 22 ns 7 2t09 2V 1A Connection on rear panel for security Power Requirements Line Voltage Range Line Frequency Power Usage 96 144 VAC 48 440 Hz CAT II automatic selection 192 288 VAC 48 66 Hz CAT II automatic selection 48 440 Hz 96 144 VAC 48 66 Hz 192 288 VAC 110 W max Environm
23. New label field after you press the Save New Label softkey Therefore you only need to select a new channel and press the Save New Label softkey again to assign the label to the channel Only the original label is saved in the label list This feature makes it easier to assign successive labels to numbered control lines and data bus lines 4 45 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To define a new label Label List Management When you press the Library softkey you will see a list of the last 75 labels used The list does not save duplicate labels Labels can end in any number of trailing digits As long as the base string is the same as an existing label in the library the new label will not be putin the library For example if label AQ is in the library and you make a new label called A12345 the new label is not added to the library When you save a new user defined label the new label will replace the oldest label in the list Oldest is defined as the longest time since the label was last assigned to a channel Any time you assign any label to a channel that label will move to the newest in the list Thus after you use the label list for a while your labels will predominate making it easier to customize the instrument display for your needs When you reset the label library list see next topic all of your custom labels will be deleted and the label list will be returned to its factory configuration
24. Press the Utility key then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu Press the Load Languages softkey to load the updated language file into the oscilloscope Press the Language softkey and select the language to be viewed For more information about loading languages refer to the Utilities chapter 1 28 Front Panel Overview Front Panel Overview Before you make measurements using the Agilent 54620 series and 54640 series Oscilloscopes you must first set up the instrument using front panel controls Then make the measurement and read the display results These oscilloscopes operate much like an analog scope but they can do much more Spending a few minutes to learn some of these capabilities will take you a long way toward more productive troubleshooting The MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation chapter has more detail on the things to consider while operating your oscilloscope The keys on the front panel bring up softkey menus on the display that allow access to oscilloscope features Many softkeys use the Entry knob 4_ to select values Throughout this book the front panel keys and softkeys are denoted by a change in the text type For example the Cursors key is on the front panel and the Normal softkey appears at the bottom of the display directly above its corresponding key Other softkey graphic conventions used on the oscilloscope and throughout this guide are sho
25. Range Maximum Input AN Voltage Threshold Accuracy Input Dynamic Range Minimum Input Voltage Swing Input Capacitance Input Resistance Channel to Channel Skew 16 Digital labeled D15 DO Pod 1 D7 DO Pod 2 D15 D8 TTL CMOS ECL user definable selectable by pod 8 0 V in 10 mV increments 40 V peak CAT 100 mV 3 of threshold setting 10 V about threshold 500 mV peak to peak 8 pF 100 KQ 2 at probe tip 2 ns typical 3 ns maximum 7 5 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Horizontal Range Resolution Vernier Reference Positions Delay Range Pre trigger negative delay Post trigger positive delay Analog Delta t Accuracy Same Channel Channel to Channel Digital Delta t Accuracy Same Channel Channel to Channel Delay Jitter RMS Jitter Modes XY Z blanking Bandwidth Phase error 1 MHz 5 ns div to 50 s div 25 ps 1 2 5 increments when off 25 minor increments between major settings when on Left Center Right Greater of 1 screen width or 10 ms 500 seconds 0 01 reading 0 2 screen width 40 ps Example for signal with pulse width of 10 us scope set to 5 us div 50 us screen width delta t accuracy 01 10 us 0 2 50 us 40 ps 101 0
26. S A Notices Agilent Technologies Inc 2000 2002 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means including electronic storage and retrieval or transla tion into a foreign language without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies Inc as governed by United States and interna tional copyright laws Manual Part Number 54622 97029 March 2002 Print History 54622 97029 March 2002 54622 97014 August 2000 54622 97002 March 2000 Agilent Technologies Inc 1601 California Street Palo Alto CA 94304 USA Restricted Rights Legend If software is for use in the per formance of a U S Government prime contract or subcontract Software is delivered and licensed as Commercial com puter software as defined in DFAR 252 227 7014 June 1995 or as a commercial item as defined in FAR 2 101 a or as Restricted computer software as defined in FAR 52 227 19 June 1987 or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause Use duplication or dis closure of Software is subject to Agilent Technologies standard commercial license terms and non DOD Departments and Agencies of the U S Govern ment will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52 227 19 c 1 2 June 1987 U S Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52 227 14 June 1987 or DFAR 252 227 7015 b 2 November 1995 as applicabl
27. Sharing one probe ground with many probes forces all the current that flows into each probe to return through the same common ground inductance of the probe whose ground return is used The result is increased current dz in the above equation and depending on the transition time dt the common mode voltage may increase to a level that causes false data generation Probe 1 lt J i L GND Probe Ground G aise V Common Mode ig ti Probe2 lt Zin in ProbeN lt Zin a Common Mode Input Voltage Model 4 40 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits In addition to the common mode voltage longer ground returns also degrade the pulse fidelity of the probe system Rise time is increased and ringing due to the undamped LC circuit at the input of the probe is also increased Because the digital channels display reconstructed waveforms they do not show ringing and perturbations You will not find ground problems through examination of the waveform display In fact it is likely you will discover the problem through random glitches or inconsistent data measurements Use the analog channels to view ringing and perturbations Best Probing Practices Because of the variables L di and dt you may be unsure how much margin is available in your measurement setup The following are guidelines for good probi
28. Trigger wr ES zje controls Autoscale F key LN N V y 5 7 Softkeys oy a NN Utility 1 key w ONE wloy E ad a _ Probe on ny Foi comp Yeb 65 65 65 65 6 1 2 pee auu z 1 Intensity Floppy Power Vertical File External control disk switch inputs keys Trigger controls input 54621A 54622A 54641A and 54642A 2 Channel Oscilloscopes Front Panel 2 7 Front Panel Overview 54620 40 series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2 2 Measure Horizontal Waveform Run Display keys controls keys controls ee H Secictoscore ee as lg I Wavetor 1 Trigger R Tri gt Geane Sexier E o rgger nc as C ae controls A _ a Seve a Gan Autoscal CGD Gad C J Vertical c key IAN m Softkeys Utility key Probe TT comp GS 465 a 45 output Intensity Floppy Power Vertical File control disk switch inputs keys controls 54624A 4 Channel Oscilloscope Front Panel 2 8 Front Panel Overview 54620 40 series Oscilloscope Front Panels
29. are displayed when these keys are illuminated Turn the Digital Channel Select knob to select a single digital channel The selected channel number is highlighted on the left side of the display Turn the Digital position knob 4 to reposition the selected channel on the display If two or more channels are displayed at the same position a pop up will appear showing the overlaid channels Continue turning the Channel Select knob until the desired channel within the pop up is selected Front Panel Overview To operate the time base controls To operate the time base controls The following exercise guides you through the time base keys knobs and status line Turn the Horizontal sweep speed time division knob and notice the change it makes to the status line The sweep speed knob changes the sweep speed from 5 ns div to 50 s div for the 54620 series and 1 ns div to 50 s div for the 54640 series in a 1 2 5 step sequence and the value of the sweep speed is displayed in the status line at the top of the display Press the Main Delayed then press the Vernier softkey The Vernier softkey allows you to change the sweep speed in smaller increments with the time div knob These smaller increments are calibrated which results in accurate measurements even with the vernier turned on Turn the delay time knob lt gt and notice that its value is displayed in the status line The delay knob moves the main sweep horizontally and
30. center of the screen and decrease frequency span to increase the display resolution As frequency span is decreased the number of points shown is reduced and the display is magnified Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Measurement Hints Continued While the FFT spectrum is displayed use the Math and Cursors keys to switch between measurement functions and frequency domain controls in FFT menu Decreasing the effective sampling rate by selecting a slower sweep speed will increase the low frequency resolution of the FFT display and also increase the chance that an alias will be displayed The resolution of the FFT is one half of the effective sample rate divided by the number of points inthe FFT The actual resolution of the display will not be this fine as the shape of the window will be the actual limiting factor in the FFTs ability to resolve two closely space frequencies A good way to test the ability of the FFT to resolve two closely spaced frequencies is to examine the sidebands of an amplitude modulated sine wave For example at 2 MSa s effective sampling rate a 1 MHz AM signal can be resolved to 2 kHz Increasing the effective sampling rate to 4 MSa s increases the resolution to 5 kHz for a set 2048 point FFT For the best vertical accuracy on peak measurements e Make sure the probe attenuation is set correctly The probe attenuation is set from the Channel menu if the operand is a channel e Set the source sen
31. complete screen image including the status line and softkeys BMP image bitmap format of the complete screen image including the status line and softkeys CSV data comma separated variable values of displayed channels and math waveforms suitable for spreadsheet analysis 6 6 Utilities To configure a printer CSV length The Length softkey sets the number of XY waveform pair values that will be output to the CSV comma separated variable file Length can be set to 100 250 500 1000 or 2000 waveform pairs by turning the Entry knob The larger the length the longer the file will take to write to the floppy disk Scale factors Select the Factors softkey if you want the oscilloscope scale factors to be included on your print If you print to a disk image file the scale factors will be sent to a separate file named PRINT_nn TXT If you print to a CSV file the factors will be appended to the end of the file Oscilloscope scale factors include vertical horizontal trigger acquisition math and display settings Gray scale printing When the Gray Scale softkey is selected the gray scale all levels of display intensities traces on the oscilloscope display are printed if the Format softkey has been set to LaserJet or DeskJet printer Gray scale information is always sent when you print to a TIF or BMP image file on the floppy disk If gray scale is turned off the gray scale traces will be printed in black and white For fastes
32. cursors Cursors track delayed sweep Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Put the X1 cursor on one side of a pulse and the X2 cursor on the other side of the pulse Measuring pulse width with cursors Press the X1 X2 softkey and move the cursors together to check for pulse width variations in a pulse train Moving the cursors together to check pulse width variations 5 36 Automatic Measurements The following automatic measurements can be made in the Quick Meas menu Time Measurements Counter Duty Cycle Frequency Period Rise Time Fall Time Width Width X at Max X at Min Phase and Delay Phase Delay Voltage Measurements Average Amplitude Base Maximum Minimum Peak to Peak RMS Top Preshoot and Overshoot Measurement on analog channels only Preshoot Overshoot Making Measurements Making automatic measurements Making automatic measurements Quick Meas makes automatic measurements on any channel source or any running math function The results of the last three measurements selected are displayed on the dedicated line above the softkeys or in the display area when some menus are selected Quick Meas also makes measurements on stopped waveforms when you are panning and zooming Cursors are turned on to show the portion of the waveform being measured for the most recently selected measurement right most on the measurement line Pres
33. display 2 17 4 34 logic threshold 4 37 on off 4 35 position 4 34 probing 4 38 size 4 36 digital display interpreting 4 33 digital probe kit 1 5 digital probes 1 17 digital probing 4 38 display 2 11 area 2 11 intensity 1 14 interpreting 2 11 measurement line 2 11 modes 4 21 softkeys 2 11 status line 2 11 update rate 4 6 duration trigger 3 21 Duty cycle measurement 5 40 Index 1 Index E ECL threshold 4 37 edge triggering 3 12 EEPROM data read I2C trigger 3 26 Entry knob 1 24 2 2 Epson printer 6 6 erase display 4 31 expand about 2 17 4 8 6 16 external trigger edge source 3 13 input impedance 3 10 probe attenuation 3 10 probe settings 3 9 probe units 3 10 F factory setup default 4 54 Fall time measurement 5 41 FFT measurements 5 25 FFT window 5 28 Flat top window 5 28 floppy disk 6 8 form feed printer 6 7 frame trigger I2C 3 26 Frequency measurement 5 40 front panel 2 7 front panel cover 1 5 front panel overview 2 1 G getting started 1 24 glitch trigger 3 14 GPIB 6 9 address 6 9 graticule 2 24 graticule intensity 4 21 gray scale printing 6 7 grid 2 24 grid intensity 4 21 ground channel coupling 4 8 ground level 4 8 H handle 1 12 handshake 6 9 Hanning window 5 28 hex cursors 5 32 HF Reject 3 6 5 6 high resolution mode 4 19 5 9 holdoff 3 7 Horizontal section 4 11 horizontal vernier 4 12 hysteresis trigger 5 7 I T O port configuration 6 9 I2C trigger 3 24 impedance ex
34. displayed after Single or Stop After a Single acquisition or when the oscilloscope has been stopped all acquired points are displayed Peak Detect Peak Detect is useful if you are interested in capturing a narrow event relative to the time window of interest Using Peak Detect and infinite persistence together is a powerful way to find spurious signals and glitches 54620 series Peak detect acquire mode displays any signal pulse wider than 5ns allowing you to find glitches and narrow spikes regardless of sweep speed Because of MegaZoom memory peak detect is only necessary at sweep speeds of 1 ms div and slower At faster sweep speeds Normal acquire mode can capture the narrow peaks At sweep speeds slower than 1 ms div the oscilloscope can acquire more samples than can fit into MegaZoom memory The oscilloscope selects samples to store such that no local minimum or maximum wider than 5 ns is missed In peak detect mode narrow glitches and sharp edges are displayed more brightly than when in Normal acquire mode making them easier to see 54640 series Peak detect acquire mode displays any signal pulse wider than 1 ns allowing you to find glitches and narrow spikes regardless of sweep speed Because of MegaZoom memory peak detect is only necessary at sweep speeds of 500 us div and slower At faster sweep speeds Normal acquire mode can capture the narrow peaks At sweep speeds slower than 500 us div the oscilloscope can acquire
35. edge Vectors remain in the state they were before the Autoscale Undo Autoscale Press the Undo Autoscale softkey to return the oscilloscope to the settings that existed before you pressed the Autoscale key This is useful if you have unintentionally pressed the Autoscale key or do not like the settings Autoscale has selected and want to return to your previous settings The Channels softkey selection determines which channels will be displayed on subsequent Autoscales All Channels The next time you press Autoscale all channels that meet the requirements of Autoscale will be displayed Only Displayed Channels The next time you press Autoscale only the channels that are turned on will be displayed This is useful if you only want to view specific active channels after pressing Autoscale Front Panel Overview To apply the default factory configuration To apply the default factory configuration To set the instrument to the factory default configuration press the Save Recall key then press the Default Setup softkey The default configuration returns the oscilloscope to its default settings This places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition The major default settings are Horizontal main mode 100 us div scale 0 s delay center time reference Vertical Analog Channel 1 on 5 V div scale dc coupling 0 V position 1 MQ impedance probe factor to 1 0 if an AutoProbe probe is not connected to the channel Tri
36. electric shock do not perform any service unless qualified to do so Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another per son capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present e Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the instrument e Capacitors inside the instru ment may retain a charge even if the instrument is disconnected from its source of supply e Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gasses or fumes Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard e Do not use the instrument in a manner not specified by the manufacturer To clean the instrument If the instrument requires clean ing 1 Remove power from the instrument 2 Clean the exter nal surfaces of the instrument with a soft cloth dampened with a mixture of mild detergent and water 3 Make sure that the instrument is completely dry before reconnecting it to a power source Safety Symbols A Instruction manual symbol the product is marked with this sym bol when it is necessary for you to refer to the instruction man ual in order to protect against damage to the product Hazardous voltage symbol l Earth terminal symbol Used to indicate a circuit common con nected to grounded chassis Agilent Technologies Inc P O Box 2197 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs CO 80901 2197 U
37. for the Data pattern on which to trigger When you press the Frame by softkey the graphic shown on the previous page changes to show timeout selection or the current state of the chip select signal The Timeout value can be set anywhere from 500 ns to 10 s Chip Select Press the CS or CS softkey or turn the Entry knob to select the channel that is connected to the SPI frame line The label CS or CS for the source channel is automatically set The data pattern and the clock transition must occur during the time when the framing signal is valid The framing signal must be valid for the entire data pattern As you press the CS or CS softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the CS or CS label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to SPI When you press the Frame by softkey the graphic shown on the previous page changes to show timeout selection or the current state of the chip select signal Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To use TV triggering TV triggering is used to capture the complicated waveforms of televisi
38. is e less than a time value lt e greater than a time value gt e greater than a time value but with timeout Timeout A trigger will be forced at the timeout value rather than occurring when the pattern is exited e within a range of time values gt lt e outside a range of time values lt gt The time values for the selected qualifier are set using the qualifier time set softkeys lt and gt and the Entry knob 3 22 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Duration triggering 5 Select a qualifier time set softkey lt or gt then rotate the Entry knob to set the duration qualifier time lt qualifier time set softkey e When the less than lt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a pattern duration less than the time value displayed on the softkey e When the within time range gt lt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the upper time range value e When the out of time range lt gt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the lower time range value gt qualifier time set softkey e When the greater than gt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a pattern duration greater than the time value displayed on the softkey e When the within time range gt lt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the lower time range value e When the out of time range lt gt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets
39. measurement types operating modes trigger specifications label data and more Digital channel inputs through a flexible probing system 54621D 22D 41D 42D e Sixteen channels through a dual 8 channel cable with micro clips e Set logic levels as TTL CMOS ECL or to a user definable voltage Utilities e Dedicated parallel printer port controller operation floppy disk storage Built in Quick Help system e Press and hold any key front panel key or softkey to get help in 11 languages il In This Book This manual will guide you in using the oscilloscopes This manual is organized in the following chapters Chapter 1 Getting Started inspecting cleaning and setting up your oscilloscope using Quick Help Chapter 2 Front panel Overview A quick start guide to get you familiarize you with the front panel operation Chapter 3 Triggering the Oscilloscope how to trigger the oscilloscope using all the various modes Chapter 4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation acquiring waveforms horizontal and vertical operation using digital channels Chapter 5 Making Measurements capturing data using math function making measurement with cursors and automatic measurements Chapter 6 Utilities configuring the I O print settings Quick Help floppy disk operations user cal and self cal setting the clock and screen saver Chapter 7 Performance Characteristics iii iv Contents Getting St
40. one sample which is then displayed Averaging number of averages gt 1 needs a stable trigger because in this mode multiple acquisitions are averaged together See the MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation chapter for more information about smoothing 2 4 Front Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Realtime acquire mode In Realtime mode the oscilloscope produces the waveform display from samples collected during one trigger event The sample rate for the 54620 series is 200 MSa s for single channel or 100 MSa s with channel pairs 1 and 2 3 and 4 or pod 1 and pod 2 running The sample rate for the 54640 series is 2 GSa s for single channel or 1 GSa s with channel pairs 1 and 2 or pod 1 and pod 2 running When less than 1000 samples can be collected in the time spanned by the screen a sophisticated reconstruction filter is used to fill in and enhance the waveform display To accurately reproduce a sampled waveform the sample rate should be at least four times the highest frequency component of the waveform If not it is possible for the reconstructed waveform to be distorted or aliased Aliasing is most commonly seen as jitter on fast edges When Realtime mode is off the oscilloscope produces the waveform display from samples collected from multiple triggers when on fast sweep speeds In this case the reconstruction filter is not used When the trigger is stable this produces the highest fidelity
41. oscilloscope The message Loading Language file Please Wait will be displayed as the new language file is being loaded into the oscilloscope Press the Language softkey and select the language to be viewed Language Info softkey Press the Language Info softkey to show the Quick Help system version and what languages are loaded into the oscilloscope The oscilloscope is shipped from the factory with English French German Italian Japanese Korean Portuguese Brazilian Russian Spanish Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese languages loaded 6 4 Utilities To update your instrument to the latest application software To update your instrument to the latest application software When updates to the instrument application software occur an updated application software file can be downloaded from www agilent com find 5462xsw for the 54620 series or www agilent com find 5464xsw for the 54640 series or call an Agilent center and request the latest application software disk for your instrument Always update your localized Quick Help file to match the latest instrument application software If you update your application software always update your Quick Help localized languages to the latest version by downloading the language file from the above web site English Quick Help is built into the application software 6 5 Utilities To configure a printer To configure a printer Use
42. oscilloscope address is 7 6 9 Utilities To set up the 1 0 port to use a controller RS 232 Connections The signals for the 9 pin RS 232 port on the oscilloscope is listed below Pin Number Signal 1 Data Carrier Detect 2 Receive Data 3 Transmit Data 4 Data Terminal Ready 5 Signal Ground 6 Data Set Ready 7 Request to Send 8 Clear to Send 9 Ring SHELL Protective Ground 1 2 3 4 5 OOOO0 O 0O 0 0 6 7 8 9 Pin out of oscilloscope RS 232 port looking into DB9 male connector The follow figure shows the pin out of the recommended Agilent 34398A RS 232 cable PC Controller Agilent 34398A Oscilloscope Cable DCD 1 1 DCD RX 2 2 RX TX 3 3 TX DTR 4 4 DTR GND 5 S lt 5 GND DSR 6 6 DSR RTS 7 7 RTS CTS 8 8 CTs RI 9 9 RI 9 pin 9 pin 9 pin 9 pin 34398a cdr male female female male Pin out of Agilent 34398A RS 232 cable 6 10 Utilities To set the clock To set the clock The Clock menu allows you to set the current date and time of day 24 hour format This time date stamp will appear on hardcopy prints and directory information on the floppy disk To set the date and time or to view the current date and time Press the Utility key press the Options softkey then press the Clock softkey to display the Clock menu Month 4 Day Hour Minute 000 2 22 6 31 Year set Month set Day set Hour set Minute set Return to previous menu Press th
43. previous menu Differentiate 5 22 Making Measurements Integrate Integrate fat integrate calculates the integral of the selected source You can use integrate to calculate the energy of a pulse in volt seconds or measure the area under a waveform dt plots the integral of the source using the Trapezoidal Rule Equation is as follows n I Co At 2 yi i 0 Where I integrated waveform At point to point time difference y channel 1 2 or function 1 2 1 2 and 1 2 data points Co arbitrary constant i data point index In Delayed sweep horizontal mode the dt function does not display in the delayed portion of the display Press the Math key press the dt softkey then press the Settings softkey if you want to change the source scaling or offset for the integrate function Source selects the source for dt The source can be any analog channel or math functions 1 2 1 2 and 1 2 Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for dt expressed in unit seconds division where units can be V Volts A Amps or W Watts Units are set in the channel Probe menu Press the Scale softkey then turn the Entry knob to rescale J dt Offset allows you to set your own offset for the f Vdt math function The offset value is in unit seconds where units can be V Volts A Amps or W Watts and is represented by the center graticule of the display Press the Offset softkey then turn t
44. set the number of bits Bits in the serial data string The number of bits in the string can be set anywhere from 4 bits to 32 bits The data values for the serial string are displayed in the Data string in the waveform area Turn the Entry knob to select a specific data bit in the serial string as shown in the Bit softkey As you rotate the Entry knob the bit is highlighted in the Data string shown in the waveform area Press the LHX softkey to set the bit selected in the Bit softkey to L low H high or X don t care Repeat steps 2 and 3 to assign values for all bits Resetting all bits in the serial data string to one value To reset all of the bit values in the serial data string to one value L H or X a Press the LH X softkey to select your reset bit value b Press the Set all Bits softkey to reset the data string to the selected value Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering Assign source channels to the clock data and frame signals 1 Press the Signals softkey to access SPI trigger settings for clock source and slope data source and frame type and source re eS a Os EE 1 A 2 CS DO Clock Clock Data Frame by Frame Return to channel slope channel condition channel previous menu 2 Press the Clock softkey or turn the Entry knob to select the channel connected to the SPI serial clock line The CLK label for the source channel is automatically set As you press the Clock softkey or ro
45. shows the edge being measured For maximum measurement accuracy set the sweep speed as fast as possible while leaving the complete rising edge of the waveform on the display The Y cursors show the 10 and 90 points Width Width is the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge The X cursors show the pulse being measured The Y cursor shows the 50 point Width Width is the time from the 50 threshold of the falling edge to the 50 threshold of the next rising edge The X cursors show the pulse being measured The Y cursor shows the 50 point X at Max X at Max is the X axis value usually time at the first displayed occurrence of the waveform Maximum starting from the left side of the display For periodic signals the position of the maximum may vary throughout the waveform The X cursor shows where the current X at Max value is being measured To measure the peak of an FFT a Select FFT as the math function in the Math menu b Choose Math as the source in the Quick Meas menu c Choose Maximum and X at Max measurements Maximum units are in dB and X at Max units are in Hertz for FFT 5 41 Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically X at Min X at Min is the X axis value usually time at the first displayed occurrence of the waveform Minimum starting from the left side of the display For periodic signals the position of the minimum may vary throughout t
46. than gt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a pulse width greater than the time value displayed on the softkey e When the time range gt lt qualifier is selected the Entry knob sets the lower time range value 3 16 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pattern triggering To use Pattern triggering The Pattern trigger identifies a trigger condition by looking for a specified pattern This pattern is a logical AND combination of the channels Each channel can have a value of high H low L don t care X A rising or falling edge can be specified for one channel included in the pattern Press the Pattern key in the Trigger section of the front panel to display the Pattern trigger menu Pattern Selected Trigger level trigger channel or threshold oe AE 1 E 2 ip Xxxx XXX XXX XxXxX h Channel Logic Low Logic High Don t care Rising or select falling edge For each analog or digital channel you want to include in the desired pattern press the Channel softkey to select the channel This is the channel source for the H L X or edge condition As you press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the channel you select is highlighted in the Pattern line directly above the softkeys and in the upper right corner of the display next to Pat External trigger may also be specified as a channel in the pattern when using the 2 channel and 4
47. the display Press the Quick Meas key to display the automatic measurement menu Press the Source softkey to select the channel or running math function on which the quick measurements will be made Only channels or math functions that are displayed are available for measurements If you choose an invalid source channel for ameasurement the measurement will default to the nearest in the list that makes the source valid Ifa portion of the waveform required for ameasurement is not displayed or does not display enough resolution to make the measurement the result will be displayed with a message such as greater than a value less than a value not enough edges not enough amplitude incomplete or waveform is clipped to indicate that the measurement may not be reliable Press the Clear Meas softkey to stop making measurements and to erase the measurement results from the measurement line above the softkeys When Quick Meas is pressed again the default measurements on an analog channel will be will be Frequency and Peak Peak Choose what measurement you want on that source by pressing the Select softkey then turn the Entry knob a to select the desired measurement from the popup list Press the Measure softkey to make the selected measurement To turn off Quick Meas press the Quick Meas key again until it is not illuminated For detailed information about making automatic measurements refer to the Making Measurements chapter
48. the Find stage Press the Stage softkey and select Find Find is the first stage in the trigger sequence When you select the Stage Find softkey the next softkey to the right will display Find and give you a list of the terms you can define for the Find stage The Find stage can be set to one of the following conditions Pattern 1 Entered A pattern is entered on the last edge that makes the pattern true logical AND Pattern 1 Exited A pattern is exited on the first edge that makes the pattern false logical NAND Edge 1 Pattern 1 and Edge 1 Press the Find softkey and select the Find stage condition To define the term s used in the Find stage press the Term softkey and select the pattern and or edge term displayed in the Find softkey If you select a pattern term each channel in the pattern must be set to aH high L dow or X don t care a Press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select the channel As you select a channel the channel is highlighted in the selected pattern list shown in the waveform area and is also shown in the upper right corner of the display next to Seq b Press the LH X softkey to set a level for the channel e Hsets the pattern to high on the selected channel A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel s trigger level or threshold level e Lsets the pattern to low on the selected channel A low is a voltage level that is less than
49. the Quick Print menu to save images to the floppy disk Pressing one of the image format softkeys in this menu will link you to the Utility gt Print Confg menu and allow you to send TIF BMP or CSV formatted data to the floppy disk To print a hardcopy of the screen image directly to a printer configure the printer in the Utility gt Print Confg menu then press the Quick Print key 3 Press the CSV TIF or BMP softkey You are linked to the Utility gt Print Confg menu The print configuration is automatically set to print to the floppy disk in the format you selected CSV data comma separated variable are values of displayed channels and math waveforms suitable for spreadsheet analysis You can also change the length of the CSV file when you are in the Print Confg menu BMP and TIF data formats print the complete screen image including the status line and softkeys You can also choose to print oscilloscope Factors when you are in the Print Confg menu 4 Press the front panel Quick Print key to start the transfer to the floppy disk For further information about setting up your printer see the Utility chapter 4 53 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Recalling the factory default setup Recalling the factory default setup Press the Save Recall key to display the Save Recall menu Press Default Setup softkey This returns the oscilloscope to its factory default settings and places the oscillosco
50. the channel s trigger level or threshold level e X sets the pattern to don t care on the selected channel Any channel set to don t care is ignored and is not used as part of the pattern Ifall channels in the pattern are set to don t care the oscilloscope will not trigger Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for the digital channel group The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display c Repeat for all channels in the pattern Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering If you select an edge term one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge All other channel edges will be set to don t care X a Press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select the channel As you select a channel the channel is highlighted in the selected pattern list shown in the waveform area b Then press the X softkey to select rising edge or falling edge All other channels will be defaulted to don t care X If you want to reassign an edge to a different channel repeat the above step The value of the original channel edge will be defaulted to X don t care Define the Trigger on stage Press the Stage softkey and select Trigger on Trigger on is the next stage in the trigger sequen
51. the selected math function Units for each input channel can be set to Volts or Amps using the channel Probe Units softkey Scale and offset units are Math function Units FFT dB decibels 1 2 V A2 or W Volt Amp 1 2 VorA d dt V s or A s V second or A second Jat Vs or As V seconds or A seconds When the FFT source is channel 1 or channel 2 or channel 3 or 4 on the 54624A FFT units will be displayed in dBV when channel units is set to Volts and channel impedance is set to 1 MQ FFT units will be displayed in dBm when channel units is set to Volts and channel impedance is set to 50Q 54640 series only FFT units will be displayed as dB for all other FFT sources or when a source channel s units has been set to Amps A scale unit of U undefined will be displayed for math function 1 2 and for d dt and J dt when 1 2 or 1 2 is the selected source if channel 1 and channel 2 are set to dissimilar units in the channel Probe Units softkey Press the Scale or Offset softkey then turn the Entry knob to rescale or change the offset value for your math function 5 18 Making Measurements Multiply Multiply When you select 1 2 channel 1 and channel 2 voltage values are multiplied point by point and the result is displayed 1 2 is useful for seeing power relationships when one of the channels is proportional to the current e Press the Math key press the 1 2 softkey then press the Settings softkey if you want
52. the signal at all With the Agilent 54620 40 series oscilloscopes this is not necessary The Intensity knob operates much like the brightness knob on your computer screen so you should set it to a level that makes for comfortable viewing given the room lighting and leave it there Then you can control the detail by selecting an Acquire mode Normal Peak Detect Average or Realtime as described in the following paragraphs Normal acquire mode Normal mode is the acquisition mode that you will probably use for acquiring samples most of the time It compresses up to 2 million acquisition points per channel for the 54620 series and up to 4 million acquisition points per channel for the 54640 series into a 1 000 pixel column display record The 54620 series 200 MSa s sampling speed specification means that samples are taken every 5ns The 54640 series 2 GSa s sampling speed specification means that samples are taken every 500 ps At the faster sweep speeds the running display is built from many individual triggers If you press the Stop key and pan and zoom through the waveform by using the Horizontal and Vertical knobs only the last trigger s acquisition will be displayed 2 3 Front Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Whether the oscilloscope is stopped or running you see more detail as you zoom in and less as you zoom out Zoom means you expand the waveform using either the main or delayed sweep window Panning th
53. to change the scaling or offset for the multiply function Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for multiply expressed as V div Volts squared division A div Amps squared division or W div Watts division or Volt Amps division Units are set inthe channel Probe menu Press the Scale softkey then turn the Entry knob to rescale 1 2 Offset allows you to set your own offset for the multiply math function The offset value is in V Volts squared A Amps squared or W Watts and is represented by the center graticule of the display Press the Offset softkey then turn the Entry knob to change the offset for 1 2 The figure below shows an example of multiply Channel 1 Channel 2 1 2 waveform 1 2 1 2 Return to Scale Offset previous menu Multiply Making Measurements Subtract Subtract When you select 1 2 channel 2 voltage values are subtracted from channel 1 voltage values point by point and the result is displayed You can use 1 2 to make a differential measurement or to compare two waveforms You may need to use a true differential probe if your waveforms have DC offsets larger than the dynamic range of the oscilloscope s input channel To perform the addition of channel 1 and channel 2 select Invert in the Channel 2 menu and perform the 1 2 math function e Press the Math key press the 1 2 softkey then press the Settings softkey if you want to change the scaling or offset f
54. vertical sync starts on Line 4 In the case of NTSC video the oscilloscope will trigger on color field 1 alternating with color field 3 see the following figure This setup can be used to measure the envelope of the reference burst bait hi AA yY vy E ered GS cd Ge ee ES NTSC Field1 1 Triggering on Color Field 1 Alternating with Color Field 3 3 48 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering If a more detailed analysis is required then only one color field should be selected to be the trigger You can do this by using the trigger Holdoff softkey in the trigger Mode Coupling menu Using the holdoff settings shown in the following table the oscilloscope will now trigger on color field 1 OR color field 3 when Field 1 is selected This is known as odd field selection Even fields will be selected with Field 2 Holdoff Settings Video Standard Fields Picture Holdoff Range NTSC 4 33 5 ms to 50 0 ms PAL 8 80 7 ms to 120 ms SECAM 4 40 4 ms to 60 ms PAL M 8 80 4 ms to 120 ms pe Pe vm eae Po e 1 NTSC Field1 1 Triggering on Color Field 1 using Holdoff single shot 3 49 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use USB triggering To use USB triggering USB trigger will trigger on a Start of Packet SOP End of Packet EOP signal Reset Complete RC Enter Suspend Suspend or Exit Suspend Exit Sus on the differential USB data lines D and D USB Low Speed and Full Speed are supported by thi
55. waveform Realtime mode is only necessary at sweep speeds of 200 ns div and faster for the 54620 series and 2 us div and faster for the 54640 series since on these ranges lt 1000 samples can be collected on each trigger While the effective bandwidth of the channel is reduced slightly Realtime mode produces a complete waveform for each trigger Realtime can be turned on when any other acquisition mode is turned on Use Realtime to capture infrequent triggers unstable triggers or complex changing waveforms such as eye diagrams Using Vectors Display menu One of the most fundamental choices you must make about your display is whether to draw vectors connect the dots between the samples or simply let the samples fill in the waveform To some degree this is a matter of personal preference but it also depends on the waveform e You will probably operate the oscilloscope most often with vectors on Complex analog signals like video and modulated signals show analog like intensity information with vectors on e Turn vectors off when the maximum display rate is required or when highly complex or multi valued waveforms are displayed Turning vectors off may aid the display of mulitvalued waveforms such as eye diagrams 2 5 Front Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Delayed Sweep Delayed sweep isa simultaneous display of the waveform at two different sweep speeds Because of the deep memory in the MegaZoom te
56. waveform samples divided by the number of samples over one or more full periods If less than one period is displayed Average is calculated on the full width of the display The X cursors show what portion of the displayed waveform is being measured Xi Average n Base The Base of a waveform is the mode most common value of the lower part of the waveform or if the mode is not well defined the base is the same as Minimum The Y cursor shows the value being measured Maximum Maximum is the highest value in the waveform display The Y cursor shows the value being measured Minimum is the lowest value in the waveform display The Y cursor shows the value being measured Peak Peak The peak to peak value is the difference between Maximum and Minimum values The Y cursors show the values being measured 5 46 Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically RMS RMS dc is the root mean square value of the waveform over one or more full periods If less than one period is displayed RMS dc average is calculated on the full width of the display The X cursors show what interval of the waveform is being measured Dx RMS dc i Top The Top of a waveform is the mode most common value of the upper part of the waveform or ifthe mode is not well defined the top is the same as Maximum The Y cursor shows the value being measured Using delayed sweep to isolate a pulse for Top measureme
57. 0 C to 55 C Non operating 51 C to 71 C Operating 95 RH at 40 C for 24 hr Non operating 90 RH at 65 C for 24 hr Operating to 4 570 m 15 000 ft Non operating to 15 244 m 50 000 ft HP Agilent class B1 and MIL PRF 28800F Class 3 random HP Agilent class B1 and MIL PRF 28800F operating 30 g 1 2 sine 11 ms duration 3 shocks axis along major axis Total of 18 shocks Normally only dry non conductive pollution occurs Occasionally a temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be expected This instrument is rated for indoor use only CAT I Mains isolated CAT II Line voltage in appliance and to wall outlet 7 11 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics 7 12 Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Acquisition Analog Channels Max Sample rate 2 GSa s Max Memory Depth 8M Vertical Resolution 8 bits Peak Detection 1 ns max sample rate Averages selectable from 2 4 8 16 32 64 to 16383 High Resolution Mode 12 bits of resolution when 100 us div average mode with average 1 Filter Sinx x interpolation single shot BW sample rate 4 or bandwidth of scope whichever is less with vectors on Acquisition Digital Channels on 54641D and 54642D only Max
58. 16 mV for 1 mV div sensitivity setting 7 4 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Vertical System Analog Channels continued ESD Tolerance Noise Peak to Peak Common Mode Rejection Ratio DC Vertical Gain Accuracy DC Vertical Offset Accuracy Value Single Cursor Accuracy Dual Cursor Accuracy 2 kV 2 full scale or 1 mV whichever is greater 20 dB 50 MHz 2 0 full scale lt 200 mV div 0 1 div 1 0 mV 0 5 offset gt 200 mV div 0 1 div 1 0 mV 1 5 offset value DC Vertical Gain Accuracy DC Vertical Offset Accuracy 0 2 full scale 1 2 LSB Example For 50 mV signal scope set to 10 mV div 80 mV full scale 5 mV offset accuracy 2 0 80mV 0 1 10 mV 1 0 mV 0 5 5 mV 0 2 80 mV 3 78 mV DC Vertical Gain Accuracy 0 4 full scale 1 LSB Example For 50 mV signal scope set to 10 mV div 80 mV full scale 5 mV offset accuracy 2 0 80 mV 0 4 80 mV 1 92 mV 1 1mV divisa magnification of 2mV div setting For vertical accuracy calculations use full scale of 16 mV for 1 mV div sensitivity setting Vertical System Digital Channels 54621D and 54622D only Number of Channels Threshold Groupings Threshold Selections User Defined Threshold
59. 2A or 42D e 54620 68701 digital probe kit for 54621D 22D 41D or 42D e Accessory pouch and front panel cover standard for all except 54621A 21D 54621A and 21D order N2726A e Power cord see table 1 3 e IntuiLink for 54600 series Oscilloscopes software and RS 232 cable all except for 54621A or 21D IntuiLink is a Windows application that makes it very easy for you to download images waveform data or oscilloscope setups from the oscilloscope to your pc using either Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel After installation of IntuiLink a tool bar in these Microsoft applications will make connection and data transfer from the oscilloscope very simple For 54621A and 21D users IntuiLink for 54600 series Oscilloscopes software is available free on the web at www agilent com find 5462xsw RS 232 cable may be ordered separately part number 34398A 1 5 Getting Started To inspect package contents Agilent IntuiLink Data Capture all except for 54621A or 21D IntuiLink Data Capture is a standalone program for downloading waveform data from the oscilloscopes to your PC via GPIB or RS 232 interface It provides the capability to transfer deep memory data out of the oscilloscope allowing up to 4MB scope channels and 8MB logic channels The IntuiLink for 54600 Series limits the size of acquisition data available to a maximum of 2 000 points regardless of actual number of acquisition points on the screen With the IntuiLink Data C
60. 4 ns 0 01 reading 0 2 screen width 80 ps non Vernier settings 0 01 reading 0 2 screen width 1 digital sample period 2 5 or 5 ns based on sample rate of 200 400 MSa s Example for signal with pulse width of 10 us scope set to 5 us div 50 us screen width and single pod active 400 MSa s delta t accuracy 01 10 us 0 2 50 us 2 5 ns 103 5 ns 0 01 reading 0 2 screen width 1 digital sample period 2 5 or 5 ns chan to chan skew 2 ns typical 3 ns maximum 10 ppm 0 025 screen width 30 ps Main Delayed Roll XY 1 4 V blanks trace use External trigger Max bandwidth 1 8 degrees 7 6 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Trigger System Sources 54621A 22A Ch 1 2 line ext 54621D 22D Ch 1 2 line ext D15 DO 54624A Ch 1 2 3 4 line ext Modes Auto Auto level Triggered normal Single Holdoff Time 60 ns to 10 seconds Selections Edge Pattern Pulse Width CAN Duration c Sequence SPI TV USB Edge Trigger on a rising or falling edge of any source Pattern Trigger on a pattern of high low and don t care levels and a rising or falling edge established across any of the sources The analog channel s high or low level is defined by that channel s trigger level
61. 54641D and 54642D only Number of Channels Threshold Groupings Threshold Selections User Defined Threshold Range Maximum Input AN Voltage Threshold Accuracy Input Dynamic Range Minimum Input Voltage Swing Input Capacitance Input Resistance Channel to Channel Skew 16 Digital labeled D15 DO Pod 1 D7 DO Pod 2 D15 D8 TTL CMOS ECL user definable selectable by pod 8 0 V in 10 mV increments 40 V peak CAT 100 mV 3 of threshold setting 10 V about threshold 500 mV peak to peak 8 pF 100 KQ 2 at probe tip 2 ns typical 3 ns maximum 7 15 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Horizontal Range Resolution Vernier Reference Positions Delay Range Pre trigger negative delay Post trigger positive delay Analog Delta t Accuracy Same Channel Channel to Channel Digital Delta t Accuracy Same Channel Channel to Channel Delay Jitter RMS Jitter Modes XY Bandwidth Phase error 1 MHz 1 ns div to 50 s div 2 5 ps 1 2 5 increments when off 25 minor increments between major settings when on Left Center Right Greater of 1 screen width or 1 ms 500 seconds 0 005 reading 0 2 screen width 20 ps Example for signal with pulse width of 10 us scope se
62. 7 attenuation probe 3 10 4 10 auto level trigger mode 3 4 auto trigger mode 3 4 automatic measurements 2 23 5 37 AutoProbe 3 10 4 9 analog channel input 4 10 external trigger 3 10 Autosave traces and setups 4 49 Autoscale 2 12 2 13 2 14 auto single 4 28 average acquire mode 2 4 4 19 Average measurement 5 46 averaging 5 8 B bandwidth limit 4 9 Base measurement 5 46 baud rate 6 9 binary cursors 5 32 birts SPI trigger 3 36 BMP file 4 53 6 6 Cc CAN trigger 3 19 capturing data 5 3 Center FFT 5 27 channel analog 4 7 bandwidth limit 4 9 coupling 4 8 invert 4 9 position 4 8 probe units 4 10 skew 4 10 vernier 4 9 vertical sensitivity 4 8 cleaning 1 11 cleaning the instrument 9 clear display 4 21 4 31 5 11 clock 6 11 CMOS threshold 4 37 comma separated variable file 4 53 6 6 compensating your probe 1 16 configure printer 6 6 controls front panel 2 7 conventions 1 24 2 2 Counter measurement 5 40 coupling channel 4 8 CSV file 4 53 6 6 CSV length 6 7 cursor measurements 2 22 5 31 D d dt math function 5 21 data capturing 5 3 DC channel coupling 4 8 deep memory 4 4 default configuration 2 15 default library 4 47 6 16 default setup 2 15 4 54 delay knob 4 13 delay markers 4 14 Delay measurement 5 43 delay time indicator 4 12 delayed mode 4 14 delayed sweep 2 6 2 21 5 4 delete file floppy 6 8 DeskJet printer 6 6 differentiate math function 5 21 digital channels 2 10 2 13 2 18 Autoscale 4 32
63. Deep Memory Deep Memory The primary advantage of a deep memory oscilloscope is sustained sample rate allowing you to capture at the maximum sample rate and still capture a long time window For example you may want to capture a fast digital event such as an interrupt line being asserted while being able to look far out in time to see when the line was de asserted This may require a fast sample rate to examine the signal fidelity of the interrupt edge and also long time capture to determine how long the interrupt line was asserted Another advantage is the ability to capture relatively longer periods of time or slow time per division settings at an adequate sample rate This allows you to capture a long event such as an oscillator starting up or two events separated by a long time such that you can see the entire time frame of interest To see the event the oscilloscope must have captured the information at a fast enough sample rate so that you can see the interesting details Thus there are two major benefits of deep memory First long time spans can be captured and then zoomed in on for detailed analysis Second the deep memory is displayed to the high definition display with 32 levels of intensity for more insight into the signal This is particularly of value when dealing with mixed analog and digital designs where slow analog events require long time spans and fast digital control signals require the ability to maintain the sampl
64. Enter softkey to advance to the next character in the text string Pressing Enter saves the character shown in the Spell softkey to the character position highlighted in the Text line above the softkeys The highlight then advances to the next character position in the text string The text string can be up to 35 characters long Utilities To set up the screen saver 3 Turn the Entry knob to select the number of minutes to wait before the selected screen saver activates When you turn the Entry knob the number of minutes is displayed in the Svr Time softkey The default time is 360 minutes 6 hours The screen saver starts automatically if your oscilloscope is idle for the number of minutes specified in the Svr Time softkey 4 Press the Preview softkey to preview the screen saver you have selected with the Saver softkey 5 Toview the normal display after the screen saver has started press any key or turn any knob 6 13 Utilities To perform service functions To perform service functions The Service menu allows you to e perform User Cal on the oscilloscope e view User Cal status e perform instrument Self Test e view information about your oscilloscope model number code revision information modules attached and User Cal status e Press the Utility key then press the Service softkey to display the service menu hae eae ES User Cal Self Test Uscilloscope Status Start Start About User Cal Return to User Cal Sel
65. Length Run Stop versus Single When the oscilloscope is running the trigger processing or update rate is optimized over memory depth When you press Single memory depth and sample rate are maximized Single For a single acquisition all available memory is filled with each acquisition regardless of sweep speed To acquire data with the longest possible record length press the Single key Running When running versus taking a single acquisition the memory is divided in half This allows the acquisition system to acquire one record while processing the previous acquisition dramatically improving the number of waveforms per second processed by the oscilloscope While running maximizing the rate at which waveforms are drawn on the display provides the best picture of your input signal 4 27 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To run and stop an acquisition To run and stop an acquisition To begin an acquisition press Run Stop key is illuminated green when running The instrument begins acquiring data while searching for a trigger condition If a trigger occurs the acquired data is shown in the display To stop an acquisition in process press Run Stop Key is illuminated red when stopped The instrument stops acquiring data and STOP is displayed in the trigger mode position of the status line in the upper right corner of the display If the instrument was triggered even by auto triggering and the pre
66. MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To recall traces and setups To recall traces and setups 1 Press the Save Recall key to display the Save Recall menu 2 Press the Recall softkey to display the Recall menu a Recall 44 From Press to Clear Trace INTERN_O Recall Display 3 Press the Recall softkey and select the type of information to recall You can recall a waveform Trace an oscilloscope Setup or Trace and Setup Be sure to recall both setup and trace if you want to measure the recalled trace with cursors 4 Select the file name to recall by turning the Entry knob while viewing the From softkey INTERN_n are internal non volatile oscilloscope memory files All other files in the list are stored on the floppy disk Recalling overwrites current settings Because recalling a setup will overwrite the oscilloscope s current settings you may want to save the existing setup first 5 Recall the selected file by pressing the Press to Recall softkey The recalled trace will be displayed in minimum intensity 6 To clear the display of any recalled trace press the Clear Display softkey 4 52 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Saving printing screen images to floppy disk Saving printing screen images to floppy disk 1 Press the Save Recall key to display the Save Recall menu 2 Press the Formats softkey to display the Formats menu COn e The Formats menu allows you to quickly configure
67. Sample Rate 1 GSa s Max Memory Depth 8 MB Vertical Resolution 1 bit Glitch Detection min pulse width 5ns 7 13 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Vertical System Analog Channels Analog channels Bandwidth 3dB ac coupled Calculated rise time 0 35 bandwidth Single Shot Bandwidth Range Maximum Input A Offset Range Dynamic Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance Coupling BW Limit Channel to Channel Isolation with channels at same V div Probes Probe ID Agilent HP amp Tek Compatible Ch1 and 2 simultaneous acquisition 54641A 42D de to 350 MHz 54642A 42D de to 500 MHz 54641A 41D 3 5 Hz to 350 MHz 54642A 42D 3 5 Hz to 500 MHz 54641A 42D 1 0 ns 54642A 42D 700 ps 54641A 41A 350 MHz maximum 54642A 42D 500 MHz maximum 2 mV div to 5 V div CAT 300 Vrms 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms 400 Vpk with 10073C 10 1 probe CAT I 500 Vpk CAT II 400 Vpk 5 Vrms with 50 ohm input 5 V on ranges lt 10 mV div 20 V on ranges 10 mV div to 200 mV div 75 V on ranges gt 200 mV div Lesser of 8 div or 32 V 1 MQ 1 50 ohm selectable 13 pF ac dc 25 MHz selectable DC to max bandwidth gt 40 dB 10 1 10073C shipped standard for each analog channel Auto
68. The display will again accumulate points until Clear Display is pressed or infinite persistence is turned off More information on infinite persistence applications is given in the Run Stop Single Infinite Persistence Clear Operation topic later in this chapter Clear display Clear Display erases the display of all previous acquisitions and erases any traces recalled from the oscilloscope internal memory or from floppy disk The internal memory will still retain the traces If the oscilloscope is running the display will again begin to accumulate waveform data if infinite persistence is turned on Grid The intensity of the 8 x 10 division display grid can be set from 0 off to 100 full brightness by turning the Entry knob The value of grid intensity is displayed in the Grid softkey To adjust waveform intensity turn the INTENSITY knob in the lower left corner of the front panel 4 21 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display modes Vectors On Off The 54620 40 series oscilloscopes have been designed from the ground up to operate in Vectors On mode This mode gives the most realistic waveforms in most every situation When enabled Vectors draws a line between consecutive waveform data points e Vectors give an analog look to a digitized waveform e Vectors allow you to see steep edges on waveforms such as square waves e Vectors on allows subtle detail of complex waveforms to be viewed much like a
69. Trigger section of the front panel 3 9 Triggering the Oscilloscope External Trigger Input 2 Press the External softkey to display the external trigger probe menu ore Tt a ore Volts Attenuation Measurement Input impedance Return to factor units 54640 series previous menu Probe Attenuation Turn the Entry knob to set the attenuation factor displayed in the Probe softkey for the connected probe The attenuation factor can be set from 0 1 1 to 1000 1 in a 1 2 5 sequence For 2 channel oscilloscopes that have the Ext Trigger connector on the front panel when you connect an AutoProbe self sensing probe the oscilloscope will automatically configure your probe to the correct attenuation factor The probe correction factor must be set properly for measurements to be made correctly Probe Units Press the Units softkey to select the proper measurement unit for the connected probe Select Volts for a voltage probe and select Amps for a current probe Measurement results channel sensitivity and trigger level will reflect the measurement units you have selected Input Impedance The 54620 series oscilloscope external trigger input impedance is always 1 MQ The 54640 series oscilloscope external trigger input impedance can be set to either 1M Ohm or 50 Ohm by pressing the Imped softkey e 50 Ohm mode matches 50 ohm cables commonly used in making high frequency measurements This impedance matching gives you the most accurate mea
70. Width Width and Duty Cycle on any channels Rise time Fall time X at Max Time at max volts X at Min Time at min volts Delay and Phase on analog channels only Built in 5 digit frequency counter on any channel Counts up to 125 MHz 10 50 90 for time measurements Manually or automatically placed readout of Horizontal X AX 1 AX and Vertical Y AY Additionally digital or analog channels can be displayed as binary or hex values 1 2 1 2 FFT differentiate integrate Source of FFT differentiate integrate analog channels 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 for 54624A 1 2 1 2 1 2 7 9 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature FFT Points Source of FFT Window Noise Floor Amplitude Display Frequency Resolution Maximum Frequency Fixed at 2048 points Analog channels 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 for 54624A 1 2 1 2 1 2 Rectangular Flattop Hanning 70 to 100 dB depending on averaging In dBV 0 097656 time per div 102 4 time per div Storage Save Recall non volatile Floppy Disk Image formats Data formats Trace setup formats 3 setups and traces can be saved and recalled internally 3 5 1 44 MB double density TIF BMP X and Y time voltage values in CSV format Recalled 1 0 RS 232 seria
71. a function of the time base setting making it necessary to re adjust the holdoff each time you change the time base setting With Agilent s MegaZoom technology you can press Stop then pan and zoom through the data to find where it repeats Measure this time using the cursors then set holdoff to this number 3 8 A Triggering the Oscilloscope External Trigger Input CAUTION A CAUTION External Trigger Input External Trigger can be used as a source in several of the trigger types On 4 channel and mixed signal oscilloscopes the external trigger BNC input is on the rear panel and is labeled Ext Trig On 2 channel oscilloscopes the external trigger BNC input is on the front panel and is labeled Ext Trigger Maximum input voltage for the external trigger input CAT 1300 Vrms 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms 400 Vpk with 10073C or 10074C 10 1 probe CAT I 500 Vpk CAT II 400 Vpk Do not exceed 5 Vrms in 502 mode on the 54640 series models Input protection is enabled in 50Q mode and the 50 load will disconnect if greater than 5 Vrms is detected However the input could still be damaged depending on the time constant of the signal The 50Q input protection mode on the 54640 series models only functions when the oscilloscope is powered on External Trigger Probe Settings You can set probe attenuation units and input impedance for the external trigger input 1 Press the Mode Coupling key in the
72. ain Delayed key in the Horizontal section of the front panel Trigger Time Delay Sweep Trigger Trigger level point reference time speed source or threshold Current sample rate Sampe late l SOOMSa s ee ey ee M e Main sweep Delayed Roll XY Time base Time mode sweep mode mode mode vernier reference The Main Delayed menu allows you to select the horizontal mode Main Delayed Roll or XY and set the time base vernier and time reference Main mode 2 Press the Main softkey to select Main horizontal mode Main horizontal mode is the normal viewing mode for the oscilloscope When the oscilloscope is stopped you can use the Horizontal knobs to pan and zoom the waveform 3 Turn the large knob time division in the Horizontal section and notice the change it makes to the status line When the oscilloscope is running in Main mode use the large Horizontal knob to change sweep speed and use the small knob gt to set the delay time When the oscilloscope is stopped use these knobs to pan and zoom your waveform The time division knob changes the sweep speed from 5 ns to 50 s for the 54620 series and from 1 ns to 50 s for the 54640 series ina 1 2 5 step sequence The sweep speed seconds division value is displayed in the status line MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Press the Vernier softkey to turn on the time base vernier The Vernier softkey allows you to change the s
73. all displayed digital channels Select to display 8 channels or JL to display 16 channels full screen Select m to display 16 channels in half of the display MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To change the logic threshold for digital channels To change the logic threshold for digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru DO key 2 Press the Threshold softkey then select a logic family preset or select User to define your own threshold Logic family Threshold Voltage TTL 14V CMOS 2 5V ECL 1 3 V User Variable from 8 V to 8 V The threshold you set applies to all channels within the selected D15 Thru D8 or D7 Thru DO group Each of the two channel groups can be set to a different threshold if desired Values greater than the set threshold are high H and values less than the set threshold are low L 3 When the Threshold softkey is set to User press the User softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the logic threshold voltage for the channel group MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits You may encounter problems when using the mixed signal oscilloscope that are related to probing These problems fall into two categories probe loading and probe grounding Probe loading problems generally affect the circuit under test while probe grounding problems affect the accuracy of the data to the measure
74. all key then the Default Setup softkey Then press the Autoscale key You should see a display similar to the following Autoscale with digital channels 54621D 54622D 54641D and 54642D 2 13 Front Panel Overview To display signals automatically using Autoscale To display signals automatically using Autoscale To configure the instrument quickly press the Autoscale key Autoscale displays all connected signals that have activity To undo the effects of Autoscale press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key How Autoscale Works Autoscale automatically configures the oscilloscope to best display the input signal by analyzing any waveforms connected to the external trigger and channel inputs Autoscale finds turns on and scales any channel with a repetitive waveform with a frequency of at least 50 Hz a duty cycle greater than 0 5 and an amplitude of at least 10 mV peak to peak Any channels that do not meet these requirements are turned off The trigger source is selected by looking for the first valid waveform starting with external trigger then continuing with the highest number analog channel down to the lowest number analog channel and finally Gf applicable the highest number digital channel During Autoscale the delay is set to 0 0 seconds the sweep speed setting is a function of the input signal about 2 periods of the triggered signal on the screen and the triggering mode is set to
75. alog Digital Trigger point Delay Sweep Trigger Trigger Trigger channels channel time reference time speed mode type source Status line lt tt ttt Os Analog Trigger level channels and or digital ground levels threshold Cursor Digital markers channels defining measurement Measurement 9 line Freq iD 518 8kHz Pk Pk 1 4 1V Duty 1 46 7 Softkeys Mans Interpreting the display Status line The top line of the display contains vertical horizontal and trigger setup information Display area The display area contains the waveform acquisitions channel identifiers and analog trigger and ground level indicators Measurement line This line normally contains automatic measurement and cursor results but can also display advanced trigger setup data and menu information Softkeys The softkeys allow you to set up additional parameters for front panel keys 2 11 Front Panel Overview To use analog channels to view a signal To use analog channels to view a signal e To configure the oscilloscope quickly press the Autoscale key to display the connect signal e Toundo the effects of Autoscale press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key This is useful if you have unintentionally pressed the Autoseale key or do not like the settings Autoscale has selected and want to return to your previous settings e To set the instrument t
76. annel Trigger Trigger level Volts div source or threshold Channel 1 ground level Channel 2 ground level omy Ge tse ew iw Channel Input Bandwidth Channel Invert Probe coupling impedance limit vernier channel menu 54640 series Pressing an analog channel key turns the display of the channel on or off The channel is displayed when the key is illuminated Turning channels off If more than one channel is turned on channel keys are illuminated you must be viewing the menu for a channel before you can turn it off For example if channel 1 and channel 2 are turned on and the menu for channel 2 is being displayed to turn channel 1 off press 1 to display channel 1 menu then press 1 again to turn channel 1 off MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels Vertical sensitivity Turn the large knob above the channel key to set the sensitivity volts division for the channel The volts division knob changes the analog channel sensitivity from 1 mV to 5 V for the 54620 series and from 2 mV to 5 V for the 54640 series in a 1 2 5 step sequence with a 1 1 probe attached The analog channel Volts Div value is displayed in the status line Vertical expansion The default mode for expanding the signal when you turn the volts division knob is vertical expansion about the ground level To set the expansion mode to expand about the center of the screen instead press Expand in the Utility Op
77. apture the amount of points transferred will be the actual number of acquisition points currently displayed or you may select the number of points to download It provides the following functionality e Download waveform data and display the data as a simple chart e Save the data as binary or text files e Copy the chart and a selected portion of the data to the clipboard The maximum data saved to the clipboard is 50 000 point e Load saved waveform data back into the application For 54621A and 21D users IntuiLink Data Capture software is available free on the web at www agilent com find 5462xsw RS 232 cable may be ordered separately part number 34398A If anything is missing contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office If the shipment was damaged contact the carrier then contact the nearest Agilent Sales Office LI Inspect the oscilloscope If there is mechanical damage or a defect or if the oscilloscope does not operate properly or does not pass the performance tests listed in the Service Guide notify your Agilent Sales Office If the shipping container is damaged or the cushioning materials show signs of stress notify the carrier and your Agilent Sales Office Keep the shipping materials for the carrier s inspection The Agilent Sales Office will arrange for repair or replacement at Agilent s option without waiting for claim settlement 1 6 Getting Started To inspect package contents 54620 40 Series Oscillo
78. arn some of this capability will take you a long way toward more productive troubleshooting Single versus Run Stop The oscilloscope has a Single key and a Run Stop key When you press Run Stop key is illuminated green when running the trigger processing rate is optimized over memory depth Single always uses the maximum memory available When you press the Single key the oscilloscope has at least twice as much memory as when running repetitively Because more memory is available when using Single at slow sweep speeds the oscilloscope will have a greater sample rate When the oscilloscope is running pressing Run Stop key is illuminated red when stopped the oscilloscope stops and several triggers of information could be displayed on the screen This will happen in several cases e Atvery fast sweep speeds 2 us div and faster you might see less than a full screen of data per trigger In this case we build a picture from several triggers Doing this provides a more accurate and responsive display than mathematically interpolating between points e With Average acquire mode on several triggers are averaged together to reduce noise e When using infinite persistence all triggers remain on the screen e At very slow sweep speeds 1 s div part of the last trigger may still be on the screen when the oscilloscope is stopped 4 26 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Memory Depth Record Length Memory Depth Record
79. arrow glitches and sharp edges are displayed more brightly than when in Normal acquire mode making them easier to see Making Measurements To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence 3 Press the Display key then press the Persist infinite persistence softkey Infinite persistence updates the display with new acquisitions but does not erase previous acquisitions New sample points are shown at normal intensity while previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity Waveform persistence is not kept beyond the display area boundary Any time you change a waveform setting such as sweep speed delay time vertical sensitivity or offset the previous acquisitions will be erased then begin to accumulate again Use infinite persistence to measure noise and jitter to see the worst case extremes of varying waveforms to look for timing violations or to find infrequent events Press the Clear Display softkey to erase previously acquired points The display will again accumulate points until Clear Display is pressed or Persist is turned off 4 Characterize the glitch with delayed sweep To characterize the glitch with delayed sweep follow these steps e Press the Main Delayed key then press the Delayed softkey e To obtain a better resolution of the glitch expand the time base Use the horizontal delay time knob lt gt to pan through the waveform to set the expanded portion of the main sweep ar
80. art of the main sweep for a more detailed higher resolution analysis of signals To change the sweep speed for the main sweep window press the Main softkey then turn the sweep speed knob Front Panel Overview To make cursor measurements To make cursor measurements You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on scope signals and timing measurements on digital channels Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display Press the Cursors key View the cursor functions in the softkey menu Mode Set the cursors results to measure voltage and time Normal or display the binary or hexadecimal logic value of the displayed waveforms Source selects a channel or math function for the cursor measurements XY Select either the X cursors or the Y cursors for adjustment with the Entry knob X1 and X2 adjust horizontally and normally measure time Y1 and Y2 adjust vertically and normally measure voltage X1 X2 and Y1Y2 move the cursors together when turning the Entry knob For more information about using cursors for measurements refer to the Making Measurements chapter 2 22 Front Panel Overview To make automatic measurements To make automatic measurements You can use automatic measurements on any channel source or any running math function Cursors are turned on to focus on the most recently selected measurement right most on the measurement line above the softkeys on
81. arted Setting up the Oscilloscope 1 4 To inspect package contents 1 5 To inspect options and accessories 1 8 To clean the oscilloscope 1 11 To adjust the handle 1 12 To power on the oscilloscope 1 13 To adjust the waveform intensity 1 14 To connect the oscilloscope analog probes 1 15 To compensate your analog probe 1 16 To use the digital probes mixed signal oscilloscope only 1 17 To connect a printer 1 21 To connect an RS 232 cable 1 21 To verify basic oscilloscope operation 1 22 Getting started using the oscilloscope interface 1 23 Using Quick Help 1 25 Selecting a language for Quick Help when the oscilloscope starts up 1 25 Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope 1 26 Loading an updated language file from floppy disk 1 27 Front Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations 2 3 54620 40 series Oscilloscope Front Panels 2 7 Front Panel Operation 2 10 Interpreting the display 2 11 To use analog channels to view a signal 2 12 To use digital channels to view a signal 2 13 To display signals automatically using Autoscale 2 14 To apply the default factory configuration 2 15 To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position 2 16 To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal 2 17 Contents 1 Contents To set analog channel probe attenuation factor 2 17 To display and rearrange the digital channels 2 18 To operate the time base controls 2
82. be specified as a channel in the pattern when using the 2 channel and 4 channel oscilloscopes Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob The position of the trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon Ty at the far left side of the display when DC coupling is selected Set the threshold for the selected digital channel group by pressing the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 key then press the Threshold softkey The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Duration triggering For each channel you select press the logic level softkey to set the condition for that channel in the pattern e H sets the pattern to high on the selected channel A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel s trigger level or threshold level e Lsets the pattern to low on the selected channel A low is a voltage level that is less than the channel s trigger level or threshold level e X sets the pattern to don t care on the selected channel Any channel set to don t care is ignored and is not used as part of the pattern If all channels in the pattern are set to don t care the oscilloscope will not trigger Press the Qualifier softkey to set the time duration qualifier for the pattern The time qualifier can set the oscilloscope to trigger ona channel pattern whose time duration
83. bel inputs 54621D 22D 41D 42D e Turn channels on or off individually orin groups of 8 e Rearrange order of channels to group related signals e Create and display labels to identify channels Run control keys begin and end data acquisition e Run Stop starts and stops continuous acquisitions e Single performs one acquisition e Infinite persistence accumulates and displays the results of multiple acquisitions General controls measure save and restore results and configure the oscilloscope e Waveform math including FFT subtract multiply integrate and differentiate e Use Quick Meas to make automatic measurements Integrated counter included with Quick Meas e Use cursors to make manual measurements e Save or recall measurement configurations or previous results e Autoscale performs simple one button setup of the oscilloscope Horizontal Controls select sweep speed and delay parameters e Sweep speeds from 5 ns div to 50 ns div 54620 series and 1 ns div to 50 s div 54640 series e Delay control moves waveform display to point of interest e Delayed mode and delay allow zooming into show a portion of waveform in detail split screen Trigger keys define what data the oscilloscope will trigger on e Source key allows conventional oscilloscope triggering e Modes include Edge Pulse Width Pattern CAN Duration I2C Sequence SPI TV and USB triggering Softkeys extend the functionality of command keys Select
84. c d Press the XON DTR softkey and set the handshake to match your controller or pc For more information on RS 232 configuration refer to the Utilities chapter Getting Started To verify basic oscilloscope operation To verify basic oscilloscope operation Connect an oscilloscope probe to channel 1 Attach the probe to the Probe Comp output on the lower right side of the front panel of the oscilloscope Use a probe retractable hook tip so you do not need to hold the probe Press the Save Recall key on the front panel then press the Default Setup softkey under the display The oscilloscope is now configured to its default settings Press the Autoscale key on the front panel You should then see a square wave with peak to peak amplitude of about 5 divisions and a period of about 4 divisions as shown below If you do not see the waveform ensure your power source is adequate the oscilloscope is properly powered on and the probe is connected securely to the front panel channel input BNC and to the Probe Comp calibration output Verifying Basic Oscilloscope Operation 1 22 Getting started using the oscilloscope interface When the oscilloscope is first turned on a startup screen is displayed as shown below This menu is only accessible when the oscilloscope first starts up Getting Started To verify basic oscilloscope operation e Press the Getting Started softkey to view the symbols used i
85. ce When you select the Stage Trigger on softkey the next softkey to the right will display Trigger and give you alist of the terms you can define for the Trigger on stage The Trigger on stage can be set to one of the following conditions Pattern 2 Entered A pattern is entered on the last edge that makes the pattern true logical AND Pattern 2 Exited A pattern is exited on the first edge that makes the pattern false logical NAND Edge 2 Pattern 2 and Edge 2 Nth Edge 2 Press the Trigger softkey and select a stage to trigger on To define the term s used in the Trigger on stage press the Term softkey and select the pattern or edge term displayed in the Trigger softkey If you select a pattern term each channel in the pattern must be set to aH high L dow or X don t care a Press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select the channel b Press the LH X softkey to set a level for the channel c Repeat for all channels in the pattern Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering 5 If you select an edge term one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge All other channel edges will be set to don t care X a Press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select the channel The channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to Seq b Then press the X softke
86. cept it forces the oscilloscope to trigger if the trigger conditions are not met e Auto Level mode 54620 series only works only when edge triggering on analog channels or external trigger The oscilloscope first tries to Normal trigger If no trigger is found it searches for a signal at least 10 of full scale on the trigger source and sets the trigger level to the 50 amplitude point If there is still no signal present the oscilloscope auto triggers This mode is useful when moving a probe from point to point on a circuit board Auto Level and Auto modes Use the auto trigger modes for signals other than low repetitive rate signals and for unknown signal levels To display a dc signal you must use one of these two auto trigger modes since there are no edges on which to trigger Auto Level mode 54620 series only is the same as Auto mode with an automatic trigger level adjustment The oscilloscope looks at the level on the signals and if the trigger level is out of range with respect to the signal the scope adjusts the trigger level back to the middle of the signal When you select Run the oscilloscope operates by first filling the pre trigger buffer It starts searching for a trigger after the pre trigger buffer is filled and continues to flow data through this buffer while it searches for the trigger While searching for the trigger the oscilloscope overflows the pre trigger buffer the first data put into the buffer is the first pu
87. channel oscilloscopes Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob The position of the trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon Ty at the far left side of the display when DC coupling is selected Set the threshold for the selected digital channel group by pressing the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 key then press the Threshold softkey The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pattern triggering For each channel you select press one of the condition softkeys to set the condition for that channel in the pattern e H sets the pattern to high on the selected channel A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel s trigger level or threshold level e Lsets the pattern to low on the selected channel A low is a voltage level that is less than the channel s trigger level or threshold level e X sets the pattern to don t care on the selected channel Any channel set to don t care is ignored and is not used as part of the pattern If all channels in the pattern are set to don t care the oscilloscope will not trigger e The rising edge 4 or falling edge Y falling edge softkey sets the pattern to an edge on the selected channel Only one rising or falling edge can be specified in the pattern When an edge is specified the oscilloscope will trigger at th
88. ches 50Q cables commonly used in making high frequency measurements This impedance matching gives you the most accurate measurements since reflections are minimized along the signal path The 1 MQ mode is for use with probes and for general purpose measurements The higher impedance minimizes the loading effect of the oscilloscope on the circuit under test Do not exceed 5 Vrms in 502 mode on the 54640 series models Input protection is enabled in 50Q mode and the 50 load will disconnect if greater than 5 Vrms is detected However the inputs could still be damaged depending on the time constant of the signal The 50Q input protection mode on the 54640 series models only functions when the oscilloscope is powered on Connect the supplied 1 5 meter 10 1 oscilloscope probe to an analog channel BNC connector input on the oscilloscope Maximum input voltage for analog inputs CAT 1300 Vrms 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms 400 Vpk with 10073C or 10074C 10 1 probe CAT I 500 Vpk CAT II 400 Vpk Connect the retractable hook tip on the probe tip to the circuit point of interest Be sure to connect the probe ground lead to a ground point on the circuit The probe ground lead is connected to the oscilloscope chassis and the ground wire in the power cord If you need to connect the ground lead to a point in the circuit that cannot be grounded to power ground consider using a differential probe Getting Started To compensate your analog probe
89. chnology it is possible to capture the main display at 1 ms div and redisplay the same trigger in the delayed display at any desired faster time base There is no limit imposed on the zoom ratio between the main and delayed displays There is however a useful limit when the samples are spaced so far apart that they are of little value See the MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation chapter for more information about delayed sweep and time reference Post Acquisition Processing In addition to changing display parameters after the acquisition you can do all of the measurements and math functions after the acquisition Measurements and math functions will be recalculated as you pan and zoom and turn channels on and off As you zoom in and out on a signal using the horizontal sweep speed knob and vertical volts division knob you affect the resolution of the display Because measurements and math functions are performed on displayed data you affect the resolution of functions and measurements 2 6 Front Panel Overview 54620 40 series Oscilloscope Front Panels 54620 40 series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2 1 i Measure Horizontal Waveform Run Display keys controls keys controls HO fme 58a score Zjom 1 area D Entry fw knob A E tenure
90. cilloscopes all have common triggering functionality e Trigger modes Auto Normal Auto Level 54620 series only e Coupling including high frequency and noise rejection e Holdoff e Trigger Level e External Trigger input e Trigger types Edge slope Pulse width glitch Pattern CAN Duration C Sequence SPI TV USB e Trigger Out connector 3 2 Selecting Trigger Modes and Conditions The trigger mode affects the way in which the oscilloscope searches for the trigger The figure below shows the conceptual representation of acquisition memory Think of the trigger event as dividing acquisition memory into a pre trigger and post trigger buffer The position of the trigger event in acquisition memory is defined by the time reference point and the delay setting Trigger Event Pre Trigger Buffer Post Trigger Buffer Acquisition Memory Acquisition Memory To select the Mode and Coupling menu e Press the Mode Coupling key in the Trigger section of the front panel 3 3 Triggering the Oscilloscope To select a trigger mode Normal Auto Auto Level To select a trigger mode Normal Auto Auto Level Press the Mode Coupling key Press the Mode softkey then select Normal Auto or Auto Level mode e Normal mode displays a waveform when the trigger conditions are met otherwise the oscilloscope does not trigger and the display is not updated e Auto mode is the same as Normal mode ex
91. ctions 1 2 1 2 and 1 2 Span sets the overall width of the FFT spectrum that you see on the display left graticule to right graticule Divide span by 10 to calculate the number of Hertz per division It is possible to set Span above the maximum available frequency in which case the displayed spectrum will not take up the whole screen Press the Span softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the desired frequency span of the display Center sets the FFT spectrum frequency represented at the center graticule on the display It is possible to set the Center to values below half the span or above the maximum available frequency in which case the displayed spectrum will not take up the whole screen Press the Center softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the desired center frequency of the display Preset sets the frequency Span and Center to values that will cause the entire available spectrum to be displayed The maximum available frequency is half the effective FFT sample rate which is a function of the time per division setting The current FFT sample rate is displayed above the softkeys 5 27 Making Measurements FFT Measurement 2 Press the More FFT softkey to display additional FFT settings le Rate 400MSa s D Scale Offset a Window 10dB 26 0dB Hanning FFT Scale FFT Offset Window Return to previous menu Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for FFT expressed in dB div decibels division Pr
92. d to the waveform To capture glitches or narrow pulses Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display To find the glitch press the Acquire key then press the Peak Det softkey 54620 series Peak detect acquire mode displays any signal pulse wider than 5 ns allowing you to find glitches and narrow spikes regardless of sweep speed Because of MegaZoom memory peak detect is only necessary at sweep speeds of 1 ms div and slower At faster sweep speeds Normal acquire mode can capture the narrow peaks At sweep speeds slower than 1 ms div the oscilloscope can acquire more samples than can fit into MegaZoom memory The oscilloscope selects samples to store such that no local minimum or maximum wider than 5 ns is missed In peak detect mode narrow glitches and sharp edges are displayed more brightly than when in Normal acquire mode making them easier to see 54640 series Peak detect acquire mode displays any signal pulse wider than 1 ns allowing you to find glitches and narrow spikes regardless of sweep speed Because of MegaZoom memory peak detect is only necessary at sweep speeds of 500 us div and slower At faster sweep speeds Normal acquire mode can capture the narrow peaks At sweep speeds slower than 500 us div the oscilloscope can acquire more samples than can fit into MegaZoom memory The oscilloscope selects samples to store such that no local minimum or maximum wider than 1 ns is missed In peak detect mode n
93. d on any analog channel or on math functions 1 2 1 2 or 1 2 then display the result e Press the Math key on the front panel to display the Math menu After selecting a math function press the Settings softkey to display settings for the selected math function if you want to change the Y scaling 23 Gs C5 CE Gs Ee Math Operating Hints e Ifthe analog channel or math function is clipped not fully displayed on screen the resulting displayed math function will also be clipped e Once the function is displayed the analog channel s may be turned off for better viewing The vertical scaling and offset of each math function can be adjusted for ease of viewing and measurement considerations e Each function can be measured in the Cursors and Quick Meas menus Making Measurements Math Scale and Offset Math Scale and Offset Any math function may be manually scaled by pressing the Settings softkey and then adjusting the Scale or Offset value Math Scale and Offset are Set Automatically Any time the currently displayed math function definition is changed the function is automatically scaled for optimum vertical scale and offset If you manually set scale and offset for a function select a new function then select the original function the original function will be automatically rescaled Press the Settings softkey in the Math menu to set your own scale factors units division or offset units for
94. d the X cursors instead Cursors set on displayed signal Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode 6 Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the intersection of the signal and the Y axis Again note the AY value axi 2 560V 1 AX 390 0mH ten 645mV o Yi D Wes Ja sre XS akbar uta i e Cursors set to center of signal 7 Calculate the phase difference using the formula below second AY _ 0 648 sin firstAY 1 20 8 32 68 degrees of phase shift XY Display Mode Operating Hint Z axis input on 54620 series only When you select the XY display mode the time base is turned off Channel 1 is the X axis input channel 2 is the Y axis input and the External trigger is the Z axis input If you only wantto see portions of the Y versus X display use the Z axis input Z axis turns the trace on and off analog oscilloscopes called this Z axis blanking because it turned the beam on and off When Z is low lt 1 4 V Y versus X is displayed when Z is high gt 1 4 V the trace is turned off 5 15 Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode Signals are 90 out of phase Signals are in phase 5 16 Math Functions The Math menu allows you to display math functions on analog channels You can e subtract or multiply the signals acquired on analog channels 1 and 2 then display the result e integrate differentiate or perform an FFT on the signal acquire
95. de 5 13 Math Functions 5 17 Math Scale and Offset 5 18 Multiply 5 19 Subtract 5 20 Differentiate 5 21 Integrate 5 23 FFT Measurement 5 25 Cursor Measurements 5 31 To make cursor measurements 5 32 Automatic Measurements 5 37 Making automatic measurements 5 38 Making time measurements automatically 5 39 Making Delay and Phase Measurements 5 43 Making voltage measurements automatically 5 45 Making overshoot and preshoot measurements 5 48 Contents 4 Contents 6 Utilities To configure Quick Help languages 6 3 To update your instrument to the latest application software 6 5 To configure a printer 6 6 To use the floppy disk 6 8 To set up the I O port to use acontroller 6 9 To set the clock 6 11 To set up the screen saver 6 12 To perform service functions 6 14 To set other options 6 16 7 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics 7 3 Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics 7 13 Contents 5 Contents 6 Getting Started Getting Started When you use the oscilloscopes to help test and troubleshoot your systems you may do the following Prepare the oscilloscope by connecting it to power and setting up the handle and screen intensity as desired Define the measurement problem by understanding the parameters of the system you wish to test and the expected system behavior Set up channel inputs by connecting the probes to the appropriate signal and ground no
96. des in the circuit under test Define the trigger to reference the waveform data at a specific event of interest Use the oscilloscope to acquire data either in continuous or single shot fashion Examine the data and make measurements on it using various features Save the measurement or configuration for later re use or comparison with other measurements Repeat the process as necessary until you verify correct operation or find the source of the problem MegaZoom Technology Operates with Untriggered Data With the MegaZoom technology built into the oscilloscope you can operate the oscilloscope with untriggered data All you do is press Run or Single while in Auto trigger mode then examine the data to set up a trigger 1 2 Getting Started The oscilloscope s high speed display can be used to isolate infrequently changing signals You can then use the characteristics of these signals to help refine the trigger specification For more information on triggering data acquisition data examination and measurement and configuration see the later chapters Prepare the Oscilloscope for Use Define Simple Trigger and Re acquire Data Define the Measurement Problem Examine the Display Save the Configuration for Later Use Set Up Probes Acquire Data Refine the Trigger Define Trigger Condition Desired Display Examine and Measure
97. disk 1 To create a new file name press the New File softkey SCOPE 1 4 Spell Delete Press to Character Save If you do not want to overwrite an existing file use this menu to enter a new file name New file names can be up to eight characters long New file names can only be written to the floppy disk not the internal memory 2 Turn the Entry knob to select the first character in the file name ABCDOEFGHI JKELMNOPORETUVWKYZO123456789_ SCOPE i 4 Spell Delete Press to Character Save Turning the Entry knob selects a character to enter into the highlighted position shown in the New file name line above the softkeys and in the Spell softkey 3 Press the Enter softkey to enter the selected character and go to the next character position You may position the highlight on any character in the file name by successively pressing the Enter softkey 4 To delete a character from the file name press the Enter softkey until the letter you want to delete is highlighted then press the Delete Character softkey 5 When you are done entering characters for the file name press the Press to Save softkey to save the file Two files will be saved to the floppy disk In the example above SCOPE1 TRC will be the trace file and SCOPE1 SCP will be the setup file You do not need to remember these file extensions because you can select trace setup or both when you recall this information using the Recall menu 4 51
98. disk cannot be recovered by the oscilloscope Utilities To set up the 1 0 port to use a controller To set up the I O port to use a controller Use the I O menu to make settings if you have a controller connected to the oscilloscope Tea Ss GPIB 9600 i A Controller RS 232 Handshake GPIB Return to type Baud rate address previous menu Press the Controller softkey to set the controller interface to RS 232 or GPIB GPIB will be a selection on this softkey only if you have the optional N2757A GPIB Interface Module connected to the oscilloscope The RS 232 configuration to the connector on the rear panel is Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity none Press the XON DTR softkey to set the RS 232 handshake The RS 232 handshake protocol can be set to XON XON transmit on XOFF transmit off a software handshake or DTR data terminal ready a hardware handshake The default handshake is DTR Press the Baud softkey to set the RS 232 baud rate The RS 232 baud rate can be set to 9600 19200 38400 or 57600 The default baud rate is 9600 If you have the optional N2757A GPIB Interface Module connected to the oscilloscope turn the Entry knob to set the GPIB address shown in the Address softkey The Address softkey is only displayed if the GPIB module is attached to the oscilloscope Turn the Entry knob to set the GPIB address of this oscilloscope The oscilloscope address can be set to any address from 0 to 30 The default
99. display next to SP I 7 Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 3 38 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering 5 Press the Frame by softkey to select a framing signal that the oscilloscope will use for determining which clock edge is the first clock edge in the serial stream You can set the oscilloscope to trigger during a high chip select CS a low chip select CS or after a Timeout period during which the clock signal has been idle e Ifthe framing signal is set co CS the first clock edge as defined rising or falling seen after the CS signal transitions from low to high is the first clock in the serial stream e Ifthe framing signal is set to S the first clock edge as defined rising or falling seen after the CS signal transitions from high to low is the first clock in the serial stream e Ifthe framing signal is set to Timeout the oscilloscope generates it s own internal framing signal after it sees inactivity on the serial clock line Timeout Select Timeout in the Frame by softkey then select the Timeout softkey and turn the Entry knob to set the minimum time that the Clock signal must be idle not transitioning before the oscilloscope will search
100. e Amplitude Top Base Overshoot Preshoot RMS dc Frequency Period Width Width and Duty Cycle on any channels Rise time Fall time X at Max Time at max volts X at Min Time at min volts Delay and Phase on analog channels only Built in 5 digit frequency counter on any channel Counts up to 125 MHz 10 50 90 for time measurements Manually or automatically placed readout of Horizontal X AX 1 AX and Vertical Y AY Additionally digital or analog channels can be displayed as binary or hex values 1 2 1 2 FFT differentiate integrate Source of FFT differentiate integrate analog channels 1 or 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 7 19 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature FFT Points Source of FFT Window Noise Floor Amplitude Display Frequency Resolution Maximum Frequency Fixed at 2048 points Analog channels 1 or 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Rectangular Flattop Hanning 70 to 100 dB depending on averaging In dBV dBm 50 ohm 0 097656 time per div 102 4 time per div Storage Save Recall non volatile Floppy Disk Image formats Data formats Trace setup formats 4 setups and traces can be saved and recalled internally 3 5 1 44 MB double density TIF BMP X and Y time voltage values in
101. e in any technical data Document Warranty The material contained in this document is provided as is and is subject to being changed without notice in future editions Further to the maximum extent permitted by applica ble law Agilent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein including but not limited to the implied war ranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for inci dental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing use or per formance of this document or of any information con tained herein Should Agi lent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms cover ing the material in this docu ment that conflict with these terms the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control Technology Licenses The hardware and or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license Trademark Acknowledgements WARNING Windows and MS Windows are U S registered trademarks of A WARNING notice Microsoft Corporation denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until
102. e rate so interactions may be viewed in detail Memory depth values 54620 series 2 MB analog channel 4MB max with single analog channel in Single mode 8 MB digital channel single pod 4 MB digital channel with 2 pods in use 54640 series 4 MB analog channel 8MB max with single analog channel in Single mode 4 MB digital channel single pod 4 MB digital channel with 2 pods in use 4 4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Oscilloscope Responsiveness Oscilloscope Responsiveness An important element of an oscilloscope is how responsive it is to control changes After a control is changed such as the time division if you must wait for the test instrument to respond the feedback loop between the instrument and the user can become difficult You could confuse adjustments because of the delay between making a change to the instrument and seeing the effect of that change take place MegaZoom Technology In MegaZoom technology the primary task of processing acquisition memory into oscilloscope waveforms using proprietary display techniques is distributed to waveform acquisition and rendering hardware The processor s primary responsibility is to scan the keyboard and manage I O ports Because the dedicated waveform translator can draw waveforms quickly without interrupting the processor the processor is dedicated to the user interface tasks User input is acted upon immediately and the oscilloscope display very quickl
103. e Source softkey to Math Use the X1 and X2 cursors to measure frequency values and difference between two frequency values AX Use the Y1 and Y2 cursors to measure amplitude in dB and difference in amplitude AY 5 28 Making Measurements FFT Measurement 4 To make other measurements press the Quick Meas key and set the Source softkey to Math You can make peak to peak maximum minimum and average dB measurements on the FFT waveform You can also find the frequency value at the first occurrence of the waveform maximum by using the X at Max measurement The following FFT spectrum was obtained by connecting the front panel Probe Comp signal 1 2 kHz from 54620 series to channel 1 Set sweep speed to 10 ms div vertical sensitivity to 1 V div Units div to 10 dB Offset to 28 0 dB Center frequency to 5 00 kHz frequency Span to 10 0 kHz and window to Hanning FET Se sia Rate 20 0kSa s col ses 10 0kHz_ 5 00kHz FFT measurements FFT Measurement Hints It is easiest to view FFTs with Vectors set to On The Vector display mode is set in the Display menu The number of points acquired for the FFT record 2048 and when frequency span is at maximum all points are displayed Once the FFT spectrum is displayed the frequency span and center frequency controls are used much like the controls of a spectrum analyzer to examine the frequency of interest in greater detail Place the desired part of the waveform at the
104. e Year Month Day Hour 24 hour format or Minute softkey and rotate the Entry knob to set to the desired number The real time clock only allows selection of valid dates If a day is selected and the month or year is changed so the day is now invalid the day is automatically adjusted Utilities To set up the screen saver To set up the screen saver The oscilloscope can be configured to turn on a display screen saver when the oscilloscope has been idle for a specified length of time 1 Press the Utility key press the Options softkey then press the Screen Svr softkey to display the screen saver menu Screensaver Screensaver Preview Return to image time set previous menu 2 Press the Saver softkey to select the screen saver type The screen saver can be set to Off to display any of the images shown in the list or can display a user defined text string If User was selected Spell selects a character to put in the highlighted position shown in the Text line above the softkeys User defined List of characters displayed text string when Entry knob is turned GSCDEFGHI JKLMNOPOQRSTUVWXYZO 123456789_ GGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SS Estee Spell Enter a You may position the highlight on any character in the text string by successively pressing the Enter key b Press the Spell softkey then turn the Entry knob to choose from a list of characters to enter in your user defined text string c Press the
105. e edge specified if the pattern set for the other channels is true Ifno edge is specified the oscilloscope will trigger on the last edge that makes the pattern true Specifying an Edge in a Pattern You are allowed to specify only one rising or falling edge term in the pattern If you define an edge term then select a different channel in the pattern and define another edge term the previous edge definition is changed to a don t care Triggering the Oscilloscope To use CAN triggering To use CAN triggering Controller Area Network CAN trigger will trigger on CAN version 2 0A and 2 0B signals Setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a CAN signal Press the Settings softkey to specify baud rate signal source and signal type to trigger on The CAN trigger will trigger on the Start of Frame SOF bit of a Data frame Remote Transfer Request RTR frame or an Overload frame A CAN message frame in CAN_L signal type is shown below Bus Arbitration Control Data CRC Inter Idle Field Field Field Field mission t SOF edge Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until CAN is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display CAN trigger menu Currently selected Trigger level signal source or threshold CAN i a O E es ee es N E E mE Signal Triggeron Signal type Signal Return to baud rate condition and polarity source previ
106. e waveform means you use the Horizontal Delay time knob lt to move it horizontally To keep from losing detail as you zoom out switch to the Peak Detect acquisition mode Peak Detect acquire mode Peak Detect for the 54620 series and for the 54640 series functions as follows e 54620 series In Peak Detect acquisition mode any noise peak or signal wider than 5 ns will be displayed regardless of sweep speed In Normal acquisition mode at sweep speeds faster than 1 ms div you would see a 5 ns peak so peak detect has no effect at sweep speeds faster than 1 ms div e 54640 series In Peak Detect acquisition mode any noise peak or signal wider than 1 ns will be displayed regardless of sweep speed In Normal acquisition mode at sweep speeds faster than 500 us div you would see a 1 ns peak so peak detect has no effect at sweep speeds faster than 500 us div Using Peak Detect and infinite persistence together is a powerful way to find spurious signals and glitches Average acquire mode Averaging is a way to pull a repetitive signal out of noise Averaging works better than either a brightness control or a bandwidth limit because the bandwidth is not reduced except when smoothing number of averages 1 is selected The simplest averaging is smoothing number of averages 1 For example on the 54620 series the sample rate at a Time Div setting of 2 ms div allows the extra 5 ns samples to be smoothed together smoothing the data into
107. each display point This tends to reduce random noise on the input signal which produces a smoother trace on the screen 4 19 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes If you cannot acquire multiple triggers you can still reduce noise and increase resolution at slower sweep speeds by setting Avgs to 1 54620 series 54640 series Bits of resolution Sweep speed Sweep speed Avgs 1 lt 2 us div 200 ns div 8 5 us div 1 us div 9 20 us div 5 us div 10 100 us div 20 us div 11 500 us div 100 us div 12 Realtime Mode In Realtime mode the oscilloscope produces the waveform display from samples collected during one trigger event The sample rate for the 54620 series is 200 MSa s for single channel or 100 MSa s with channel pairs 1 and 2 3 and 4 or pod 1 and pod 2 running The sample rate for the 54640 series is 2 GSa s for single channel or 1 GSa s with channel pairs 1 and 2 or pod 1 and pod 2 running When less than 1000 samples can be collected in the time spanned by the screen a sophisticated reconstruction filter is used to fill in and enhance the waveform display To accurately reproduce a sampled waveform the sample rate should be at least four times the highest frequency component of the waveform If not it is possible for the reconstructed waveform to be distorted or aliased Aliasing is most commonly seen as jitter on fast edges When Realtime mode is off the oscilloscope produces the wavefo
108. een the rising edge of channel 1 and the falling edge of channel 2 Delay Measurement 5 43 Making Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Phase Phase is the calculated phase shift from source 1 to source 2 expressed in degrees Negative phase shift values indicate that the rising edge of source 1 occurred after the rising edge of source 2 Press the Settings softkey to select the source channels for the phase measurement Delay Phase ia Source 1 Period X 360 Period gt Source 1 o Ao a NW 1 Delay Source 2 FN 2 eS Se er e Press the Settings softkey to select the source 1 and source 2 channels for the phase measurement The default Phase settings measure from channel to channel 2 The example below shows a phase measurement between the channel 1 and the math d dt function on channel 1 Phase Measurement 5 44 Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically Making voltage measurements automatically Measurement units for each input channel can be set to Volts or Amps using the channel Probe Units softkey A scale unit of U undefined will be displayed for math function 1 2 and for d dt and f dt when 1 2 or 1 2 is the selected source if channel 1 and channel 2 are set to dissimilar units in the channel Probe Units softkey Math Measurements and Units Only Peak Peak Maximum Minimum Average
109. eep speed knob to zoom horizontally and turn the volts division knob to zoom vertically The V symbol at the top of the display indicates the time reference point where the zoom in zoom out is referenced Turn the Delay time knob 4 to pan horizontally and turn the channel position knob to pan vertically 4 24 Run Stop Single Infinite Persistence Operation During an acquisition the oscilloscope examines the input voltage at each input probe e For analog channels the input voltage is determined by the vertical volts division settings e For digital channels at each sample the oscilloscope compares the input voltage to the logic threshold If the voltage is above the threshold the oscilloscope stores a 1 in sample memory otherwise it stores a 0 To control the acquisition process you can do the following e Perform continuous acquisitions by pressing Run Stop Key is illuminated green and stop the acquisitions by pressing Run Stop again key is illuminated red e Take exactly one acquisition then stop by pressing the Single key e Store the results of several acquisitions by using infinite persistence when the scope is running e Erase the results of all acquisitions by pressing Clear Display in the Display menu MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquiring Data Acquiring Data The oscilloscope operates like an analog oscilloscope but it can do much more Spending a few minutes to le
110. ensitivity with the large volts division knob in the Vertical Analog section of the front panel and notice that it causes the status line to change e Press the 1 key If channel 1 was not turned on a softkey menu appears on the display and the channel turns on the 1 key will be illuminated If channel 1 was already turned on but another menu was being displayed the softkeys will now display the channel 1 menu When Vernier is turned off the volts div knob can change the channel sensitivity ina 1 2 5 step sequence When Vernier is selected you can change the channel sensitivity in smaller increments with the volts division knob The channel sensitivity remains fully calibrated when Vernier is on The sensitivity value is displayed in the status line at the top of the display e To turn the channel off press the channel 1 key until the key is not illuminated Front Panel Overview To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal When changing the volts division for analog channels you can have the signal expand or compress about the signal ground point or about the center graticule on the display This works well with two signals displayed because you can position and see them both on the screen while you change the amplitude e Toexpand the signal about the center graticule of the display press the Utility key press the Options softkey then pre
111. ental Characteristics Ambient Temperature Humidity Altitude Vibration Shock Pollution degree2 Indoor use only Installation categories Operating 10 C to 55 C Non operating 51 C to 71 C Operating 95 RH at 40 C for 24 hr Non operating 90 RH at 65 C for 24 hr Operating to 4 570 m 15 000 ft Non operating to 15 244 m 50 000 ft HP Agilent class B1 and MIL PRF 28800F Class 3 random HP Agilent class B1 and MIL PRF 28800F operating 30 g 1 2 sine 11 ms duration 3 shocks axis along major axis Total of 18 shocks Normally only dry non conductive pollution occurs Occasionally a temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be expected This instrument is rated for indoor use only CAT I Mains isolated CAT II Line voltage in appliance and to wall outlet 7 21 7 22 Index Symbols Width measurement 5 41 Width measurement 5 41 Numerics 1 2 math function 5 19 1 2 math function 5 20 A about oscilloscope 6 15 AC channel coupling 4 8 accessories 1 5 1 9 acquire 2 3 5 8 acquiring data 4 26 acquisition memory 3 3 acquisition mode 4 17 average 4 19 normal 4 18 peak detect 4 18 realtime 4 20 activity indicator 4 33 address GPIB 6 9 adjust the handle 1 12 aliasing FFT 5 25 Amplitude measurement 5 46 analog channel probe attenuation 4 10 analog channel setup 4 7 analog channels 2 12 analog probes 1 15 application software updates 6 5 attenuation factor 2 1
112. ents The source in Normal cursor mode can be any analog channel or math source If you select binary or hexadecimal mode the Source softkey is disabled since you are displaying binary or hexadecimal levels for all channels 4 Select the X and Y softkeys to make a measurement X Y Press this softkey to select either X cursors or Y cursors for adjustment The cursor currently assigned to the Entry knob displays brighter than the other cursors X cursors are vertical dashed lines that adjust horizontally and normally indicate time relative to the trigger point When used with the FFT math function as a source the X cursors indicate frequency Y cursors are horizontal dashed lines that adjust vertically and normally indicate Volts or Amps dependent on the channel Probe Units setting When math functions are used as a source the measurement units correspond to that math function X1 and X2 The X1 cursor short dashed vertical line and X2 cursor long dashed vertical line adjust horizontally and indicate time relative to the trigger point for all sources except math FFT frequency is indicated In XY horizontal mode the X cursors display channel 1 values Volts or Amps The cursor values for the selected waveform source are displayed within the X1 and X2 softkeys The difference between X1 and X2 AX and 1 AX are displayed on the dedicated line above the softkeys or in the display area when some menus are selected Turn the Entry kn
113. ep speed selected This range is much larger than that on an oscilloscope without deep memory 4 13 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Delayed mode Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep When Delayed mode is selected the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display The top half of the display has the main sweep and the bottom half has the delayed sweep These markers define the Time div for Time div for Delay time momentarily beginning and end of the delayed sweep main sweep displays when the delay delayed sweep window time knob is turned Main sweep window Delayed sweep window Select main or delayed sweep The area of the main display that is expanded is intensified and marked on each end with a vertical marker These markers show what portion of the main sweep is expanded in the lower half The Horizontal knobs control the size and position of the delayed sweep The delay value is momentarily displayed in the upper right portion of the display when the delay time gt knob is turned MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base To change the sweep speed for the delayed sweep window turn the sweep speed knob As you turn the knob the sweep speed is highlighted in the status line above the waveform display area The time reference positi
114. ern trigger 3 17 peak detect acquire mode 2 4 4 18 5 10 Peak peak measurement 5 46 performance characteristics 7 1 54620 series 7 3 54640 series 7 13 Period measurement 5 40 Phase measurement 5 44 position 2 16 position analog 4 8 post processing 2 6 pouch 1 5 power switch 1 13 power on 1 13 predefined labels 4 44 Preset FFT 5 27 Preshoot measurement 5 48 print 2 24 4 53 print configuration 6 6 print gray scale 6 7 print scale factors 6 7 printer form feed 6 7 printer port 6 6 printer connecting to 1 21 printing screen images 4 53 probe attenuation 3 10 4 10 probe factor 2 17 probe units 3 10 4 10 probes analog 1 15 compensating 1 16 digital 1 17 pulse polarity 3 15 pulse width trigger 3 14 Q qualifier 3 15 Quick Help 1 25 6 3 Quick Meas 2 23 5 37 Quick Print 2 24 4 53 R random noise 5 6 realtime acquire mode 2 5 4 20 recall traces and setup 4 48 record length 4 27 Rectangular window 5 28 restart condition I2C trigger 3 25 Rise time measurement 5 41 RMS measurement 5 47 roll mode 4 16 5 12 RS 232 6 9 baud rate 6 9 cable 1 21 6 10 port 6 10 Run Stop 2 3 2 20 4 25 S sample rate 2 5 4 20 5 9 save traces and setups 4 48 Save Recall 4 48 saver screen 6 12 scale factors print 6 7 scaling 2 16 SCL I2C trigger 3 24 screen saver 6 12 SDA 3 24 SDA I2C trigger 3 25 Seiko printer 6 6 Self Test service 6 15 sequence trigger 3 29 serial clock I2C trigger 3 24 serial data 3 24
115. ervention required D Fail Not recoverable component damage Notes 1 54621D 54622D A 54621A 54622A 54624A B Sound Pressure Level Less than 60 dBA DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO IEC Guide 22 and CEN CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer s Name Agilent Technologies Inc Manufacturer s Address 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs Colorado 80907 U S A Declares that the product Product Name Digitizing Oscilloscope Model Number 54642D Product Options This declaration covers all options of the above product s Conforms with the following product stardands EMC Standard Limit IEC 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 EN 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 CCISPR 11 1990 EN 55011 1991 Group 1 Class Al 21 IEC 61000 4 2 1995 A1 1998 EN 61000 4 2 1995 4kV CD 8kV AD IEC 61000 4 3 1995 EN 61000 4 3 1995 3V m 80 1000 MHz IEC 61000 4 4 1995 EN 61000 4 4 1995 0 5kV signal lines 1kV power lines IEC 61000 4 6 1996 EN 61000 4 6 1996 3V 0 15 80 MHz Canada ICES 001 1998 Australia New Zealand AS NZS 2064 1 Safety IEC 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 EN 61010 1 1994 A2 1995 Canada CSA 22 2 No 1010 1 1992 Additional Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC including 93 68 EEC and carries the CE marking accordingly European Union l The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems 2 The p
116. ess the Seale softkey then turn the Entry knob to rescale your math function Offset allows you to set your own offset for the FFT The offset value is in dB and is represented by the center graticule of the display Press the Offset softkey then turn the Entry knob to change the offset of your math function Scale and offset considerations If you do not manually change the FFT scale or offset settings when you turn the horizontal sweep speed knob the span and center frequency settings will automatically change to allow optimum viewing of the full spectrum If you do manually set scale or offset turning the sweep speed knob will not change the span or center frequency settings allowing you see better detail around a specific frequency Pressing the FFT Preset softkey will automatically rescale the waveform and span and center will again automatically track the horizontal sweep speed setting Window selects a window to apply to your FFT input signal Hanning window for making accurate frequency measurements or for resolving two frequencies that are close together Flat Top window for making accurate amplitude measurements of frequency peaks Rectangular good frequency resolution and amplitude accuracy but use only where there will be no leakage effects Use on self windowing waveforms such as pseudo random noise impulses sine bursts and decaying sinusoids 3 Tomake cursors measurements press the Cursors key and set th
117. ess the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key To set the instrument to the factory default configuration press the Save Recall key then press the Default Setup softkey MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Interpreting the digital waveform display Interpreting the digital waveform display The following figure shows a typical display with digital channels Activity Delay Sweep Trigger Trigger indicator time speed div mode or run type and Xe ER y status source Threshold level Digital channel identifier a ue Turn on a Threshold o jos Channel Turn all Waveform Digital User defined on off channels size threshold threshold on off Activity indicator When any digital channels are turned on an activity indicator is displayed in the status line at the top of the display A digital channel can be always high always low w or actively toggling logic states f Any channel that is turned off will be grayed out in the activity indicator List of stacked channels MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channels Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru DO key to turn the display of the digital channels on or off Digital channels are displayed when the D15 Thru D8 or D7 Thru DO key is illuminated Turn the Digital Channel Select knob to select a digital channel As you turn
118. eys use the Quick Print key Configure your printer in the Utility gt Print Confg menu Saving a trace allows you to save the visible portion of the acquisition the displayed waveform for later recall and comparison with other measurements The normal application for a recalled trace is quick comparison of measurement results For example you might make a measurement on a known good system save the result in internal trace memory or to floppy disk then make the same measurement on atest system and recall trace to see the differences e Press the Save Recall key to display the Save Recall menu QFILE_OO Press to Save Recall Formats Default AutoSave oe ai Setup 4 48 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To Autosave traces and setups To Autosave traces and setups Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display Insert a disk in the oscilloscope floppy disk drive Press the Press to Autosave softkey Your current setup and waveform trace will be saved to an automatically generated file name QF ILE_nn on the floppy disk The file name is shown in the line above the softkeys The nn number in the QFILE_nn file name will automatically increment starting at 00 each time you save a new file to floppy disk Up to 100 traces and setups can be saved on each floppy disk if space permits When viewed from the floppy disk menu front panel Utility key the trace file will have a TRC file exte
119. f Test Oscilloscope status previous menu User Cal User Cal performs an internal self alignment routine to optimize the signal path in the oscilloscope The routine uses internally generated signals to optimize circuits that affect channel sensitivity offset and trigger parameters Disconnect all inputs and allow the oscilloscope to warm up before performing this procedure 54640 only before pressing Start User Cal connect the rear panel Trig Out output to analog Channel 1 and Channel 2 inputs using a BNC tee adapter and equal length cables User Cal should be performed at least once a year any time the ambient temperature of the oscilloscope has changed more than 10 C since the last User Cal or after any repair Performing User Cal will not invalidate your Certificate of Calibration Successful completion of User Cal does not certify this oscilloscope with a National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST calibration e Press Start User Cal to start the routine 6 14 Utilities To perform service functions User Cal Status Pressing the User Cal Status softkey displays the following summary results of the previous User Cal Results User Cal date DT since last User Cal Failure Comments Self test Pressing the Start Self Test softkey performs a series of internal procedures to verify that the oscilloscope and any attached module are operating properly It is recommended you run Self Test e a
120. fe condition This is a Safety Class instru ment provided with terminal for protective earthing Before applying power verify that the correct safety precautions are taken see the following warn ings In addition note the external markings on the instru ment that are described under Safety Symbols Warnings e Before turning on the instru ment you must connect the pro tective earth terminal of the instrument to the protective con ductor of the mains power cord The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact You must not negate the protective action by using an extension cord power cable without a protective conductor grounding Grounding one conductor of a two conductor outlet is not sufficient protec tion e Only fuses with the required rated current voltage and spec ified type normal blow time delay etc should be used Do not use repaired fuses or short circuited fuseholders To do so could cause a shock or fire haz ard e If you energize this instrument by an auto transformer for volt age reduction or mains isola tion the common terminal must be connected to the earth termi nal of the power source e Whenever it is likely that the ground protection is impaired you must make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unintended operation e Service instructions are for trained service personnel To avoid dangerous
121. ferential probe Differential probe power supply 50 MHz current probe ac dc Power supply for N2774A 1 9 Getting Started To inspect options and accessories Table 1 3 Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part Number Plug Type Cable Part Number Opt 900 U K 8120 1703 Opt 918 Japan 8120 4754 Opt 901 Australia 8120 0696 8120 6799 Opt 902 Europe 8120 1692 Opt 920 Argentina 8120 6871 X Opt 903 U S A 8120 1521 Opt 921 Chile 8120 6979 Opt 906 Switzerland 8120 2296 Opt 922 China 8120 8377 8120 2957 8120 8871 Opt 917 Africa 8120 4600 Getting Started To clean the oscilloscope CAUTION To clean the oscilloscope Disconnect power from the instrument Do not use too much liquid in cleaning the oscilloscope Water can enter the front panel keyboard control knobs or floppy disk damaging sensitive electronic components Clean the oscilloscope with a soft cloth dampened with a mild soap and water solution Make sure that the instrument is completely dry before reconnecting to a power source Getting Started To adjust the handle To adjust the handle 1 Grasp the handle pivot points on each side of the instrument and pull the pivot out until it stops 2 Without releasing the pivots swivel the handle to the desired position Then release the pivots Continue pivoting the handle until it clicks into a set position
122. ferential waveform y channel 1 2 or function 1 2 1 2 and 1 2 data points i data point index At point to point time difference In Delayed sweep horizontal mode the d dt function does not display in the delayed portion of the display Press the Math key press the d dt softkey then press the Settings softkey if you want to change the source scaling or offset for the differentiate function Source selects the source for d dt The source can be any analog channel or math functions 1 2 1 2 and 1 2 Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for d dt expressed in units second division where units can be V Volts A Amps or W Watts Units are set in the channel Probe menu Press the Scale softkey then turn the Entry knob to rescale d dt Offset allows you to set your own offset for the dV dt math function The offset value is in units second where units can be V Volts A Amps or W Watts andis represented by the center graticule of the display Press the Offset softkey then turn the Entry knob to change the offset for d dt A scale unit of U undefined will be displayed for scale and offset when 1 2 or 1 2 is the selected source if channel 1 and channel 2 are set to dissimilar units in the channel Probe Units softkey Making Measurements Differentiate The figure below shows an example of differentiate Channel 1 d dt waveform Source d dt d dt Return to select Scale Offset
123. form has been acquired is a benefit generally associated with digital oscilloscopes Often this is simply the ability to freeze the display for the purpose of measuring with cursors or printing the screen Some digital oscilloscopes go one step further by including the ability to further examine the signal details after acquiring them by panning and zooming through the waveform There is no limit imposed on the zoom ratio between the sweep speed used to acquire the data and the sweep speed used to view the data There is however a useful limit This useful limit is somewhat a function of the signal you are analyzing In normal display mode with vectors connect the dots off you can zoom in to the point where there are no samples on the screen Obviously this is far beyond the useful limit Likewise with vectors on you can see the linear interpolation between the points but again this is of very limited value Zoom The screen will still contain a relatively good display if you zoom in horizontally by a factor of 1000 and zoom in vertically by a factor of 10 to display the information from where it was acquired Remember that you can only make automatic measurements on displayed data 4 23 N MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To pan and zoom a waveform To pan and zoom a waveform Press the Run Stop key to stop acquisitions The Run Stop key is illuminated red when the oscilloscope is stopped Turn the sw
124. fter experiencing abnormal operation e for additional information to better describe an oscilloscope failure e to verify proper operation after the oscilloscope has been repaired Successfully passing Self Test does not guarantee 100 of the oscilloscope s functionality Self Test is designed to provide an 80 confidence level that the oscilloscope is operating properly About Oscilloscope Pressing the About Oscilloscope softkey displays information about your oscilloscope model number serial number software revision ROM revision and option module attached 6 15 Utilities To set other options To set other options The options menu contains two additional softkeys to help configure the oscilloscope Expand softkey When you change a channel s volts division setting the waveform display can be set to expand about ground or set to expand about the center of the display Expand About Ground the displayed waveform will expand about the position of the channel s ground This is the default setting The ground level of the signal is identified by the position of the ground level 2 icon at the far left side of the display If the ground level is off screen the waveform will expand about the top or bottom edge of the screen based on where the ground is off screen Expand About Center the displayed waveform will expand about the center graticule on the display Default Library softkey mixed signal oscilloscopes on
125. ftkey and select the TV field of the line you want to trigger on You can choose Line Field1 Line Field2 or Line Alternate 4 Press the Line softkey and select the number of the line you want to examine Alternate Triggering If Line Alternate is selected the oscilloscope will alternately trigger on the selected line number in Field 1 and Field 2 This is a quick way to compare the Field 1 VITS and Field 2 VITS or to check for the correct insertion of the half line at the end of Field 1 When using Generic as the TV standard you can select a line number to trigger on when Mode is set to Line Field1 Line Field2 and Count Vertical 3 43 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering ALAR AN IAI hh WA MUAY Wort Standard Mode Line Gari GS Ge e Ge Triggering on Line 71 Line Numbers per Field for Each TV Standard TV Standard Field 1 Field 2 NTSC 1 to 263 1 to 262 PAL 1 to 313 314 to 625 PAL M 1 to 263 264 to 525 SECAM 1 to 313 314 to 625 GENERIC 1 to 1024 1 to 1024 Alt Fld 1 to 262 1 to 313 1 to 263 1 to 313 1to 1024 Vertical Line Number Represents Count vertical sync pulse In Generic mode the line number represents the number of a countinstead of a real line number This is reflected in the label in the softkey changing from Line to Count Inthe Mode softkey selections Line Field 1 Line Field 2 and Count Vertical are used to indicate where the counting star
126. gger Edge trigger Auto sweep mode 0 V level channel 1 source dc coupling rising edge slope 60 ns holdoff time Display Vectors on 20 grid intensity infinite persistence off Other Acquire mode normal Run Stop to Run cursors and measurements off Labels all custom labels in the Label Library are erased Front Panel Overview To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position This exercise guides you through the vertical keys knobs and status line Center the signal on the display using the position knob The position knob 4 moves the signal vertically the signal is calibrated Notice that as you turn the position knob a voltage value is displayed for a short time indicating how far the reference gt is located from the center of the screen Also notice that the ground reference symbol at the left edge of the display moves with the position knob Measurement Hints If the channel is DC coupled you can quickly measure the DC component of the signal by simply noting its distance from the ground symbol If the channel is AC coupled the DC component of the signal is removed allowing you to use greater sensitivity to display the AC component of the signal Change the vertical setup and notice that each change affects the status line differently You can quickly determine the vertical setup from the status line in the display e Change the vertical s
127. ginal place Making Measurements To make cursor measurements To make cursor measurements The following steps guide you through the front panel Cursors key You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on the signal Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display Press the Cursors key then press the Mode softkey X and Y cursor information is displayed on the softkeys AX 1 AX AY and binary and hexadecimal values are displayed on the line above the softkeys The three cursors modes are Normal AX 1 AX and AY values are displayed AX is the difference between the X1 and X2 cursors and AY is the difference between the Y1 and Y2 cursors Binary Binary logic levels are displayed directly above the softkeys for the current X1 and X2 cursor positions for all displayed channels Hex Hexadecimal logic levels are displayed directly above the softkeys for the current X1 and X2 cursor positions for all displayed channels In hexadecimal and binary mode a level can display as 1 higher than trigger level 0 lower than trigger level indeterminate state or X don t care In binary mode X is displayed if the channel is turned off In hex mode the channel is interpreted as a 0 if turned off 5 32 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements 3 Press the Source softkey to select the analog channel or math source on which the Y cursors will indicate measurem
128. greater than or within a specified range on any of the source channels Minimum pulse width setting 2ns Maximum pulse width setting 10s CAN Trigger on CAN Controller Area Network version 2 0A and 2 0B signals It can trigger on the Start of Frame bit of a data frame a remote transfer request frame or an overload frame Duration Trigger on a multi channel pattern whose time duration is less than a value greater than a value greater than a time value with a timeout value or inside or outside of a set of time values Minimum duration setting 5 ns Maximum duration setting 10s re Trigger on IC Inter IC bus serial protocol ata start stop condition a restart a missing acknowledge or user defined frame with address and or data values Also trigger on Missing Acknowledge Restart EEPROM read and 10 bit write Sequence Find event A trigger on event B with option to reset on event C or time delay SPI Trigger on SPI Serial Protocol Interface a data pattern during a specific framing period Support positive and negative Chip Select framing ad well as clock Idle framing and user specified number of bits per frame USB Trigger on USB Universal Serial Bus Start of Packet End of Packet Reset Complete Enter Suspend or Exit Suspend on the differential USB data lines USB low speed and high speed are supported TV Trigger on any analog channel for NTSC PAL PAL M or SECAM broadcast standards on either positive or negative comp
129. he Entry knob to change the offset for dt 5 23 Making Measurements Integrate The integrate calculation is relative to the source signal s offset The following examples illustrate the effects of signal offset Channel 1 J dt waveform Channel 1 0V J dt waveform Source JdtScale J dt Return to select Offset previous menu Integrate and Signal Offset Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Measurement FFT is used to compute the fast Fourier transform using analog input channels or math functions 1 2 1 2 or 1 2 FFT takes the digitized time record of the specified source and transforms it to the frequency domain When the FFT function is selected the FFT spectrum is plotted on the oscilloscope display as magnitude in dBV versus frequency The readout for the horizontal axis changes from time to frequency Hertz and the vertical readout changes from volts to dB Use the FFT function to find crosstalk problems to find distortion problems in analog waveforms caused by amplifier non linearity or for adjusting analog filters FFT Units 0 dBV is the amplitude ofa 1 Vrms sinusoid When the FFT source is channel 1 or channel 2 or channel 3 or 4 on the 54624A FFT units will be displayed in dBV when channel units is set to Volts and channel impedance is set to 1 MQ For the 54640 series FFT units will be displayed in dBm when channel units is set to Volts and channel impedance is se
130. he main sweep for a more detailed high resolution analysis of signals 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display 2 Press the Main Delayed key 3 Press the Delayed softkey These markers define the Time div for Time div for Delay time momentarily beginning and end of the delayed sweep main sweep displays when the delay delayed sweep window time knob is turned Main sweep window Delayed sweep window Select main or Set trigger point time delayed sweep reference to left right or center Delayed sweep display Making Measurements To use delayed sweep Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep When Delayed mode is selected the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display The top half displays the main sweep and the bottom half displays the delayed sweep Turn the horizontal sweep speed knob and delay time knob and note how the waveform expands contracts and moves on the display The area of the main display that is expanded is intensified and marked on each end with a vertical marker These markers show what portion of the main sweep is expanded in the lower half The Horizontal knobs control the size and position of the delayed sweep The delay value is momentarily displayed in the upper right portion of the display when the delay time gt knob is turned To change the sweep speed for the delayed sweep wi
131. he oscilloscope will automatically configure your probe to the correct attenuation factor In the previous figure the oscilloscope has sensed an AutoProbe 10 1 probe If you do not have a self sensing probe connected press the Probe softkey and turn the Entry knob to set the attenuation factor for the connected probe The attenuation factor can be set from 0 1 1 to 1000 1 in a 1 2 5 sequence The probe correction factor must be set properly for measurements to be made correctly Probe Units Press the Units softkey to select the proper measurement unit for the connected probe Select Volts for a voltage probe and select Amps for a current probe Channel sensitivity trigger level measurement results and math functions will reflect the measurement units you have selected Skew 54640 series only Turnthe Entry knob to enter the amount of skew between analog channel 1 and 2 Each analog channel can be adjusted 100 ns for a total of 200 ns difference The skew setting is not affected by pressing Autoscale If you press the Default Setup softkey in the Save Recall menu the skew value will return to zero seconds When measuring time intervals in the ns range small differences in cable length can totally obscure the measurement Use Skew to remove cable delay errors between channel 1 and channel 2 4 10 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base To setup the Horizontal time base 1 Press the M
132. he selected analog channel source by turning the Trigger Level knob The position of the trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon Tp if the analog channel is on at the far left side of the display when DC coupling is selected Set the threshold for the selected digital channel group by pressing the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 key then press the Threshold softkey The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 3 14 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pulse Width triggering 3 Press the pulse polarity softkey to select positive J Jor negative polarity for the pulse width you want to capture The selected pulse polarity is displayed in the upper right corner of the display A positive pulse is higher than the current trigger level or threshold and a negative pulse is lower than the current trigger level or threshold When triggering on a positive pulse the trigger will occur on the high to low transition of the pulse if the qualifying condition is true When triggering on a negative pulse the trigger will occur on the low to high transition of the pulse if the qualifying condition is true 4 Press the qualifier softkey lt gt gt lt to select the time qualifier The Qualifier softkey can set the oscilloscope to trigger on a pulse width that is e less than a time value lt For example for a positive pulse if you set t lt 10 ns
133. he source you want The external trigger input is on the front panel of the 2 channel oscilloscope and on the rear panel of 4 channel and mixed signal oscilloscope You can connect the trigger output of other instruments to this external trigger input or use an oscilloscope probe such as the 10073C or 10074C Adjust the external trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob The trigger level for Line is not adjustable 3 13 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Pulse Width triggering To use Pulse Width triggering Pulse Width glitch triggering sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a positive pulse or a negative pulse of a specified width If you want to trigger on a specific timeout value use Duration trigger in the trigger More menu Press the Pulse Width key in the Trigger section of the front panel to display the Pulse Width trigger menu Polarity Trigger Trigger level source or threshold ee Source Pulse Qualifier Qualifier time set polarity Press the Source softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select a channel source for the trigger The channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to the polarity symbol The source can be any analog or digital channel available on your oscilloscope External trigger may also be specified as a source when using the 2 channel and 4 channel oscilloscopes Adjust the trigger level for t
134. he waveform The X cursor shows where the current X at Min value is being measured Isolating an event for frequency measurement The following figure shows how to use delayed sweep to isolate an event for a frequency measurement If the measurement is not possible in the delayed time base mode then the main time base is used If the waveform is clipped it may not be possible to make the measurement Freq ed ard Ga Ge ad Isolating event for Frequency measurement 5 42 Making Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Digital channel measurements Automatic measurements Phase and Delay are not valid for digital channels on the mixed signal oscilloscope or for the math FFT function The two sources defined in the phase and delay measurement must be turned Delay Delay measures the time difference from the selected edge on source 1 and the selected edge on source 2 closest to the trigger reference point at the 50 points on the waveforms Negative delay values indicate that the selected edge of source 1 occurred after the selected edge of source 2 Source 1 ens cay an ae gt 1 Delay Source 2 NOOO O A ROH Press the Settings softkey to select the source channels and slope for the delay measurement The default Delay settings measure from the rising edge of channel 1 to the rising edge of channel 2 The example below shows a delay measurement betw
135. his delay is a fixed number Changing this delay value does not affect the sweep speed e When the horizontal mode is set to Delayed the delay controls the position of the delayed sweep window inside the main sweep display This delayed delay value is independent of sampling interval and sweep speed Changing this delay value does not effect the position of the main window MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base 6 Turn the delay knob gt and notice that its value is displayed in the status line Changing the delay time moves the sweep horizontally and indicates how far the trigger point W is from the time reference point V These reference points are indicated along the top of the graticule The previous figure shows the trigger point with the delay time set to 1 00 us The delay time number tells you how far the time reference point V is located from the trigger point Y When delay time is set to zero the delay time indicator overlays the time reference indicator All events displayed left of the trigger point W happened before the trigger occurred and these events are called pre trigger information You will find this feature very useful because you can now see the events that led up to the trigger point Everything to the right of the trigger point V is called post trigger information The amount of delay range pre trigger and post trigger information available depends on the swe
136. ier softkey to turn on vernier for the selected channel When Vernier is selected you can change the channel sensitivity in smaller increments with the volts division knob The channel sensitivity remains fully calibrated when Vernier is on The vernier value is displayed in the status line at the top of the display When Vernier is turned off turning the volts division knob changes the channel sensitivity in a 1 2 5 step sequence 6 Press the Invert softkey to inverted the selected channel When Invert is selected the voltage values of the displayed waveform are inverted Invert affects how a channel is displayed but does not affect triggering If the oscilloscope is set to trigger on a rising edge it remains set to trigger on a same edge triggers at the same point on the waveform after the channel is inverted Inverting a channel will also change the result of any function selected in the Math menu or any measurement 4 9 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels Press the Probe softkey to display the channel probe menu This menu allows you to select additional probe parameters such as attenuation factor and units of measurement for the connected probe 10 1 Volts 0 00s Attenuation Measurement Skew adjust Return to factor units 54640 series previous menu Probe Attenuation Ifyou have an AutoProbe self sensing probe such as the 10073C or 10074C connected to the analog channel t
137. iggers at the Sync bit at the beginning of the packet EOP End of Packet triggers at the end of the SEO portion of the EOP RC Reset Complete triggers when SEO is gt 10 ms Suspend Enter Suspend triggers when the bus is idle gt 3 ms Exit Sus Exit Suspend triggers when exiting an idle state gt 10 ms This is used to see the suspend resume transition End of packet trigger r EEEDOOOOT AEO LH SEO portion of EOP 3 51 The Trigger Out connector The oscilloscope sends a pulse to the Trigger Out BNC connector on the rear panel of the oscilloscope when a trigger event occurs This pulse is typically used to trigger other test equipment The Trig Out is a 0 to 5 V signal designed to drive a 50Q load The rising edge of the pulse is the trigger point and is delayed 55 ns for 54620 series and 22 ns for 54640 series from the oscilloscope trigger point The Trigger Out connector also provides the user calibrator signal on the 54640 series oscilloscopes when performing a User Cal from the Utility Service menu For more information on User Cal refer to To perform service functions in the Utilities chapter of this guide MEGAZ oor MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation This chapter gives an overview of some oscilloscope concepts that will help you make better measurements It discusses the relationship between the time base se
138. ignal to the oscilloscope Set up the trigger a Define an edge pulse width pattern or other advanced trigger type b Press the Mode Coupling key and set trigger Mode to Normal c Ifyou are using the analog channels to capture the event turn the trigger Trigger Level knob to the trigger threshold where you think the trigger should work Press the Single key Pressing the Single key arms the trigger circuit and the Single key will be illuminated When the trigger conditions are met data appears on the display representing the data points that the oscilloscope obtained with one acquisition and the Run Stop key will be illuminated red Pressing the Single key again re arms the trigger circuit and erases the display Operating Hints When Trigger Mode is set to Auto or AutoLvl auto single mode each time Single is pressed the oscilloscope will wait for a valid trigger If no trigger is found after about 40 ms the oscilloscope will force a trigger acquiring whatever signal is present This is a handy mode to look for totally unknown situations When Trigger mode set to Normal pressing Single will arm the trigger circuit and do a single acquisition when a valid trigger is seen You can use recalled traces to compare several single shot events See the Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups section later in this chapter MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To use infinite persistence To use infinite
139. ilent HP amp Tek Compatible 1MQ 3 14 pF CAT 300 Vrms 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms 400 Vpk with 10074C 10 1 probe CAT 500 Vpk CAT II 400 Vpk 10V dc to 25 MHz lt 75 mV 25 MHz to max bandwidth lt 150 mV AC 3 5 Hz DC noise reject HF reject and LF reject 50 kHz Auto probe sense for 54621A 22A 7 8 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Display System Display Throughput of Analog Channels Resolution Controls Built in Help System Real Time Clock 7 inch raster monochrome CRT 25 million gray scale vectors sec per channel 255 vertical by 1000 horizontal points waveform area 32 levels of gray scale Waveform intensity on front panel Vectors on off infinite persistence on off 8 x 10 grid with continuous intensity control Key specific help in 11 languages displayed by pressing and holding key or softkey of interest Time and date user setable Measurement Features Automatic Measurements Voltage analog channels only Time Counter Threshold Definition Cursors Waveform Math Measurements are continuously updated Cursors track current measurement Peak to Peak Maximum Minimum Average Amplitude Top Base Overshoot Preshoot RMS DC Frequency Period
140. isition is displayed and the oscilloscope is stopped Run Stop key is illuminated in red Press Single again to acquire another waveform 2 20 Front Panel Overview To use delayed sweep To use delayed sweep Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep When Delayed mode is selected the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display The top half displays the main sweep and the bottom half displays the delayed sweep The following steps show you how to use delayed sweep Notice that the steps are very similar to operating the delayed sweep in analog oscilloscopes Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display Press Main Delayed Press the Delayed softkey To change the sweep speed for the delayed sweep window turn the sweep speed knob As you turn the knob the sweep speed is highlighted in the status line above the waveform display area The area of the main display that is expanded is intensified and marked on each end with a vertical marker These markers show what portion of the main sweep is expanded in the lower half The Horizontal knobs control the size and position of the delayed sweep The delay value is momentarily displayed in the upper right portion of the display when the delay time knob is turned Delayed sweep is a magnified portion of the main sweep You can use delayed sweep to locate and horizontally expand p
141. isplays waveforms When the Run Stop Key is illuminated in red the oscilloscope is stopped Stop is displayed in the trigger mode position in status line at the top of the display You may now pan and zoom the stored waveform by turning the Horizontal and Vertical knobs The stopped display may contain several triggers worth of information but only the last trigger acquisition is available for pan and zoom To ensure the display does not change use the Single key to be sure you have acquired only one trigger The Run Stop key may flash between a user requesting a Stop and the completion of the current acquisition To make a single acquisition The Single run control key lets you view single shot events without subsequent waveform data overwriting the display Use Single when you want maximum memory depth for pan and zoom and you want the maximum sample rate First set trigger Mode Coupling Mode softkey to Normal This keeps the oscilloscope from autotriggering immediately If you are using the analog channels to capture the event turn the Trigger Level knob to the trigger threshold where you think the trigger should work To begin a single acquisition press the Single key When you press Single the display is cleared the trigger circuitry is armed the Single key is illuminated and the oscilloscope will wait until a trigger condition occurs before it displays a waveform When the oscilloscope triggers the single acqu
142. it pauses at 0 00 s mimicking a mechanical detent At the top of the graticule is a solid triangle symboland an open triangle V symbol The W symbolindicates the trigger point and it moves with the Delay time knob The V symbol indicates the time reference point and is also where the zoom in zoom out is referenced If the Time Ref softkey is set to Left the V is located one graticule in from the left side of the display If the Time Ref softkey is set to Center the V is located at the center of the display If the Time Ref softkey is set to Right the V is located one graticule in from the right side of the display The delay number tells you how far the time reference point V is located from the trigger point V All events displayed left of the trigger point W happened before the trigger occurred and these events are called pre trigger information You will find this feature very useful because you can now see the events that led up to the trigger point Everything to the right of the trigger point W is called post trigger information The amount of delay range pre trigger and post trigger information available depends on the sweep speed selected Front Panel Overview To start and stop an acquisition To start and stop an acquisition When the Run Stop key is illuminated in green the oscilloscope is in continuous running mode You are viewing multiple acquisitions of the same signal similar to the way an analog oscilloscope d
143. ities The Utility menu allows you to e select other languages for viewing Quick Help e set up the oscilloscope printer interface e load and delete floppy disk files e set up the oscilloscope I O ports for controller operation e set up the real time clock e to set up the screen saver e perform service functions such as User Cal and Self Test e Press the Utility key to display the Utility menu Le el ee Tos TS 6 2 Utilities To configure Quick Help languages To configure Quick Help languages You can choose to display Quick Help in any of 11 languages 1 Press the Utility key then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu 2 Press the Language softkey until the desired language in the list is selected Current Loadnew Version Return to language language information previous menu file 6 3 Utilities To configure Quick Help languages Loading an updated language file from floppy disk When updates occur an updated language file can be downloaded from www agilent com find 5462xsw for the 54620 series or www agilent com find 5464xsw for the 54640 series or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument Insert the floppy disk containing the language file into the floppy disk drive on the oscilloscope Press the Utility key then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu Press the Load Languages softkey to load the updated language file into the
144. l standard port Parallel standard port Printer Compatibility Optional GPIB Interface Module 1 port XON or DTR 8 data bits 1 stop bits parity none 9600 19200 38400 57600 baud rates Printer support HP DeskJet HP LaserJet with HP PCL 3 or greater compatibility Compatibility black and white 150x150 dpi gray scale 600x600 dpi Epson black and white 180x180 dpi Seiko DPU 414 black and white Fully programmable with IEEE488 2 compliance Typical GPIB throughput of 20 measurements or twenty 2000 point records per second Performance Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature General Characteristics Physical Size Weight Calibrator Output Trigger Out Printer Power Kensington lock 32 26 cm wide x 17 27 cm high x 31 75 cm deep without handle 6 35 kgs 14 Ibs Frequency 1 2 kHz Amplitude 5 V 0 to 5 V with 50 Q source impedance delay 55 ns 7 2t09 2V 1A Connection on rear panel for security Power Requirements Line Voltage Range Line Frequency Power Usage 100 240 VAC 10 CAT II automatic selection 47 to 440 Hz 100 W max Environmental Characteristics Ambient Temperature Humidity Altitude Vibration Shock Pollution degree2 Indoor use only Installation categories Operating 1
145. lloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels 3 Press the Imped impedance softkey The 54620 series oscilloscope analog channel input impedance is always 1 MQ The 54640 series oscilloscope analog channel input impedance can be set to either 1M Ohm or 50 Ohm by pressing the Imped softkey 50 Ohm mode matches 50 ohm cables commonly used in making high frequency measurements This impedance matching gives you the most accurate measurements since reflections are minimized along the signal path e 1M Ohm mode is for use with probes and for general purpose measurements The higher impedance minimizes the loading effect of the oscilloscope on the circuit under test When you connect an AutoProbe self sensing probe the oscilloscope will automatically configure your probe to the correct impedance 4 Press the BW Limit softkey to turn on bandwidth limiting Pressing the BW Limit softkey turns the bandwidth limit on or off for the selected channel When bandwidth limit is on the maximum bandwidth for the channel is approximately 20 MHz for 54620 series and 25 MHz for 54640 series For waveforms with frequencies below this turning bandwidth limit on removes unwanted high frequency noise from the waveform Bandwidth limit also limits the trigger signal path if the channel you are configuring is the trigger source When BW Limit is selected BW is illuminated on the front panel next to the channel position knob 4 5 Press the Vern
146. lts division delay time or channel position controls MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To clear the waveform display To clear the waveform display Press the Display key then press the Clear Display softkey Acquisition memory and the current display are immediately erased If the instrument is running however and the oscilloscope finds a trigger condition the display will be quickly updated after the erasure Summary of oscilloscope Run Control and infinite persistence keys Run Stop illuminated green acquires data and displays the most recent trace Run Stop illuminated red freezes the display Single acquires a single trace O Persist infinite persistence acquires data displaying the most recent trace in full bright and previously acquired waveforms in half bright Clear Display clears the display Configuring the Mixed Signal Oscilloscope This section describes how to configure the following items for the Mixed Signal Oscilloscope including changing the logic threshold for input signals To display digital channels using Autoscale When signals are connected to the digital channels Autoscale quickly configures and displays the digital channels To configure the instrument quickly press the Autoscale key Any digital channel with an active signal will be displayed Any digital channels without active signals will be turned off Toundo the effects of Autoscale pr
147. ly Press the Default Library softkey to set the labels in the front panel Label Library softkey back to the factory default labels This will delete all user defined labels Full information about digital channel labels is discussed at the end of the Megazoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation chapter Performance Characteristics Performance Characteristics This chapter lists the performance characteristics for the Agilent 54620 series and 54640 series oscilloscopes e The 54620 series performance characteristics start on page 7 3 e The 54640 series performance characteristics start on page 7 13 7 2 Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Acquisition Analog Channels Max Sample rate 200 MSa s Max Memory Depth 4MB Vertical Resolution 8 bits Peak Detection 5ns Averages selectable from 2 4 8 16 32 64 to 16383 High Resolution Mode 12 bits of resolution when 2500 us div average mode with average 1 Filter Sinx x interpolation single shot BW sample rate 4 or bandwidth of scope whichever is less with vectors on Acquisition Digital Channels on 54621D and 54622D only Max Sample Rate 400 MSa s Max Memory Depth 8 MB Vertical Resolution 1 bit Glitch Detection min pulse width 5ns 7 3 Performa
148. m If the oscilloscope is stopped when you change a trigger specification the scope will use the new specification when you press Run Stop or Single If the oscilloscope is running when you change a triggering specification it uses the new trigger definition when it starts the next acquisition You select the trigger type by pressing the key associated with the desired trigger type Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Edge triggering To use Edge triggering The Edge trigger type identifies a trigger by looking for a specified slope and voltage level on a waveform You can define the trigger source and rising or falling edge in this menu The trigger type source and level is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 1 Press the Edge key in the Trigger section of the front panel to display the Edge trigger menu Slope Trigger Trigger level source or threshold ee Slope Analog channel Digital channel External or Line source source source 2 Press the slope softkey t and select either rising edge or falling edge This determines whether the trigger will occur on the rising edge or the falling edge of the input signal Slope Selects rising edge 4 or falling edge _ for the selected trigger source The selected slope is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 3 Select 1 2 Ext or Line as the trigger source The trigger source can also be set to channel 3 and 4 on the 4 channel oscilloscope
149. ment instrument The design of the probes minimizes the first problem while the second is easily addressed by good probing practices Input Impedance The logic probes are passive probes which offer high input impedance and high bandwidths They usually provide some attenuation of the signal to the oscilloscope typically 20 dB Passive probe input impedance is generally specified in terms of a parallel capacitance and resistance The resistance is the sum of the tip resistor value and the input resistance of the test instrument see the following figure The capacitance is the series combination of the tip compensating capacitor and the cable plus instrument capacitance in parallel with the stray tip capacitance to ground While this results in an input impedance specification that is an accurate model for DC and low frequencies the high frequency model of the probe input is more useful see the following figure This high frequency model takes into account pure tip capacitance to ground as well as series tip resistance and the cable s characteristic impedance Z lt L 8 5pF 100kQ lt lt V V DC and Low Frequency Probe Equivalent Circuit 4 38 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits 250 Q 7 5pF 1pF 100kQ 150 Q High Frequency Probe Equivalent Circuit The impedance plots for the two models are shown in these figures By comparing the two pl
150. more samples than can fit into MegaZoom memory The oscilloscope selects samples to store such that no local minimum or maximum wider than 1 ns is missed In peak detect mode narrow glitches and sharp edges are displayed more brightly than when in Normal acquire mode making them easier to see 4 18 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Average Mode Averaging lets you average multiple triggers together to reduce noise and increase resolution Averaging of multiple triggers requires a stable trigger The number of triggers being averaged is displayed in the Avgs softkey e Turn the Entry knob to set the number of averages Avgs that best eliminates the noise from the displayed waveform The number of averages can be set from 1 to 16383 in powers of 2 increments The higher the number of averages you set the more noise reduction and resolution enhancement will be accomplished Avgs Bits of resolution 1 8 4 9 16 10 64 11 256 12 Smoothing Avgs 1 or High resolution mode The term smoothing is an oversampling technique used when the digitizer sampling rate is faster than the rate at which samples are being stored into acquisition memory For example if the oscilloscope is sampling at 200 MSa s yet storing the samples at 1 MSa s it needs to store only 1 out of every 200 samples When smoothing is used the slower the sweep speed the greater the number of samples that are averaged together for
151. n analog scope trace even when the detail is just a small number of pixels in size Turn vectors off to prevent misconnections at fast sweep speeds lt 200 ns div for 54620 series and lt 50 ns div for 54640 series when viewing changing waveforms such as eye diagrams Consider using Realtime acquire mode for these signals also Turn vectors off to remove any interpolation artifacts of Single or Realtime acquire modes Vectors off mode displays only actual A D samples You can turn vectors on and off or switch from peak detect to normal acquire modes after you acquire data If you acquire data in Normal mode then switch to peak detect you will see all the peaks in memory You are not guaranteed however of seeing every peak Digital channels on the mixed signal oscilloscope are not affected by the Display menu They are always displayed with peak detect and vectors on They also only contain one trigger worth of information 4 22 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Pan and Zoom Pan and Zoom The ability to pan move horizontally and zoom expand or compress horizontally an acquired waveform is important because of the additional insight it can reveal about the captured waveform This additional insight is often gained from seeing the waveform at different levels of abstraction You may want to view both the big picture and the specific little picture details The ability to examine waveform detail after the wave
152. n magnifies the contents of sample memory data used by the main and delayed sweep windows is acquired on a single acquisition the data corresponds to the same trigger event Using the delayed sweep window you can zoom in on a portion of the waveform and examine it in greater detail The delayed sweep operation is based on MegaZoom technology Unlike analog oscilloscopes the MegaZoom oscilloscope s delayed sweep is not asecond acquisition but an expansion of the same data displayed in the main sweep MegaZoom technology makes this possible because of its deep memory It is possible to capture the main display at 1 ms div and redisplay the same trigger in the delayed display at 1 us div a 1000 1 zoom ratio When you enable the delayed sweep view the oscilloscope divides the display into two portions The upper part shows the waveform according to the main time base the lower shows a small portion of the waveform magnified according to asecond time base the delayed sweep window In the delayed sweep window the horizontal time division knob adjusts the magnification of the delayed sweep portion The delayed sweep time base must be at least twice as fast as the main time base and can vary up to the maximum sweep speed of 5 ns div for 54620 series and 1 ns div for 54640 series 5 3 Making Measurements To use delayed sweep To use delayed sweep You can use the delayed sweep window to locate and horizontally expand part of t
153. n the oscilloscope softkey menus D A 5 y E E Use the Entry knob labeled a to adjust the parameter Press the softkey to display a pop up with a list of choices Repeatedly press the softkey until your choice is selected Use the Entry knob labeled a or press the softkey to adjust the parameter Option is selected and operational Feature is on Press the softkey again to turn the feature off Feature is off Press the softkey again to turn the feature on 49 Links you to another menu D d Press the softkey to view the menu a Press the softkey to return to the previous menu 1 24 Using Quick Help The oscilloscope has a Quick Help system that provides user help for each front panel key and softkey on the oscilloscope To view Quick Help information Press and hold down the key for which you would like to view help 2 Release the key after reading the message Releasing the key returns the oscilloscope to the previous state Selecting a language for Quick Help when the oscilloscope starts up When the oscilloscope first powers up you can press the Language softkey to select a language for viewing Quick Help Successively press the Language softkey until the desired language in the list is selected Help Language English IRF Chinese Simplified SfScw Chinese Traditional Fran ais French _ Deutsch German Italiano Italian A wwaB Japanese Shao Korean
154. nal or sometimes to see the signal at all The INTENSITY knob on the Agilent 54620 40 series oscilloscopes works like an analog oscilloscope it changes how the frequency of occurrence of waveform portions are mapped into various brightness levels The INTENSITY knob allows you to adjust the plotted waveforms to account for various signal characteristics such as fast sweep speeds and low trigger rates Even the least frequent events are drawn at a dim but visible level Turning the knob fully clockwise will make even the most infrequent waveform bright and easy to see In the 54620 40 series oscilloscopes you control the detail by selecting an acquisition mode e Normal e Peak Detect e Average e Realtime e Press the Acquire key to display the Acquire menu MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Normal Mode For the majority of use models and signals Normal acquisition mode yields the best oscilloscope picture of the waveform The analog channels can have up to 2 million samples per channel for the 54620 series and up to 4 million samples per channel for the 54640 series behind the 1 000 pixel column oscilloscope display Some compression of samples to display points is obviously necessary but due to the high plot rate up to 25 million vectors second the compression is much less that previous oscilloscopes This means the signal will look right at many more operating points All points
155. nce Characteristics Agilent 54620 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Vertical System Analog Channels Analog channels Bandwidth 3dB ac coupled Calculated rise time 0 35 bandwidth Single Shot Bandwidth Range Maximum Input A Offset Range Dynamic Range Input Resistance Input Capacitance Coupling BW Limit Channel to Channel Isolation with channels at same V div Probes Probe ID Agilent HP amp Tek Compatible 54621A 21D 54622A 22D Ch1 and 2 simultaneous acquisition 54624A Ch 1 2 3 and 4 simultaneous acquisition 54621A 22D dc to 60 MHz 54622A 22D 24A dc to 100 MHz 54621A 21D 3 5 Hz to 60 MHz 54622A 22D 24A 3 5 Hz to 100 MHz 54621A 22D 5 8 ns 54622A 22D 24A 3 5 ns 50 MHz 1 mV div to 5 V div CAT 300 Vrms 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms 400 Vpk with 10074C 10 1 probe CAT I 500 Vpk CAT II 400 Vpk 5 V on ranges lt 10 mV div 25 V on ranges 10 mV div to 199 mV div 100 V on ranges 2200 mV div Lesser of 8 div or 32 V 1MQ 1 14 pF ac dc ground 20 MHz selectable dc to 20 MHz gt 40 dB 20 MHz to max bandwidth gt 30dB 10 1 10074C shipped standard for each analog channel Auto probe sense 1 1 mV divisa magnification of 2 mV div setting For vertical accuracy calculations use full scale of
156. ndow turn the sweep speed knob As you turn the knob the sweep speed is highlighted in the status line above the waveform display area To change the sweep speed for the main sweep window press the Main softkey then turn the sweep speed knob 5 5 Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal To reduce the random noise on a signal If the signal you are applying to the oscilloscope is noisy you can set up the oscilloscope to reduce the noise on the displayed waveform First you stabilize the displayed waveform by removing the noise from the trigger path Second you reduce the noise on the displayed waveform Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display Remove the noise from the trigger path by turning on either high frequency reject or noise reject High frequency reject HF reject adds a low pass filter with the 3 dB point at 50 kHz You use HF reject to remove high frequency noise such as AM or FM broadcast stations from the trigger path 3 dB down point HF Reject 54600W02 5 6 3 dB down point 0 dB dc Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal Low frequency reject LF reject adds a high pass filter with the 3 dB point at 50 kHz Use LF reject to remove low frequency signals such as power line noise from the trigger path 50 kHz 54600W03 LF Reject Noise reject increases the trigger hysteresis band By increasing the t
157. ng practices e The ground lead from each digital channel group D15 D8 and D7 D0 should be attached to the ground of the circuit under test if any channel within the group is being used for data capture e When capturing data in a noisy environment every third digital channel probe s ground should be used in addition to the channel group s ground e High speed timing measurements rise time lt 3 ns should make use of each digital channel probe s own ground When designing a high speed digital system you should consider designing dedicated test ports that interface directly to the instrument s probe system This will ease measurement setup and ensure a repeatable method for obtaining test data The 10085A 16 channel logic probe and termination adapter is designed to make it easy to connect to industry standard 20 pin board connectors This probe consists of a 2 m logic analyzer probe cable anda 01650 63203 termination adapter that provides the proper RC networks in a very convenient package Three 20 pin low profile straight board connectors are included Additional board connectors can be ordered from Agilent Technologies 4 4 Using Labels on the Mixed Signal Oscilloscope The Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes allow you to define and assign labels to each input channel or you can turn labels off to increase the waveform display area 4 42 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To turn the label display on o
158. nput signal above the Nyquist frequency to be mirrored aliased on the display and reflected off the right edge FFT Sample Rate 200kSa s m pls pan eG Se Aliasing Since the frequency span goes from 0 to the Nyquist frequency the best way to prevent aliasing is to make sure that the frequency span is greater than the frequencies of significant energy present in the input signal Spectral Leakage The FFT operation assumes that the time record repeats Unless there is an integral number of cycles of the sampled waveform in the record a discontinuity is created at the end of the record This is referred to as leakage In order to minimize spectral leakage windows that approach zero smoothly at the beginning and end of the signal are employed as filters to the FFT The FFT menu provides three windows Hanning flattop and rectangular For more information on leakage see Agilent Application Note 243 The Fundamentals of Signal Analysis Agilent part number 5952 8898 5 26 Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Operation 1 Press the Math key press the FFT softkey then press the Settings softkey to display the FFT menu le Rate 400MSa s Span 4 Center More FFT SSe J 268 Oreste aA as Source Frequency Center Preset Span Verticaland Return to select Span frequency and Center Window FFT previous menu frequencies controls Source selects the source for the FFT The source can be any analog channel or math fun
159. nsion and the setup file will have a SCP file extension If you want to enter your own file name overwrite an existing file name or save to an internal oscilloscope memory press the Save softkey to enter the Save menu 4 49 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file Press the Save softkey to display the Save menu 4 To Press to New File INTERN_O Save a al Press the To softkey or turn the Entry knob to select a floppy disk file or internal memory to be overwritten INTERN_n nis 0 1 or 2 for 54620 series and 0 1 2 or 3 for 54640 series file names are stored in internal non volatile oscilloscope memory QFILE_nn and any other user defined files are stored on the floppy disk Each time you select an internal memory or existing floppy disk file and save the existing file will be overwritten When you have selected the file name to be overwritten press the Press to Save softkey to save your current setup and waveform trace to the file The names of the three internal memory files cannot be changed If you want to select a new file name press the New File softkey 4 50 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk To save traces and setups to anew file on the floppy
160. nt The following figure shows how to use delayed sweep to isolate a pulse for a Top measurement Topl 1 262mV nd a Ga ee Ed Isolating area for Top measurement 5 47 Making Measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Digital channel time measurements Automatic measurements Preshoot and Overshoot are not valid measurements for the math FFT function or for digital channels on the mixed signal oscilloscope Measurement definitions Preshoot Preshoot is distortion that precedes a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude The X cursors show which edge is being measured edge closest to the trigger reference point Rising edge preshoot pace local Minimum X 100 Amplitude local Maximum Top X 100 Falling edge preshoot Amplitude local Maximum Preshoot Preshoot local Minimum 5 48 Making Measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Overshoot Overshoot is distortion that follows a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude The X cursors show which edge is being measured edge closest to the trigger reference point Rising edge overshoot local Mazimum Top X 100 Amplitude Falling edge overshoot Base bel X 100 Amplitude Overshoot N _ a local Maximum local Minimum Overshoot Automatic Overshoot measurement 5 49 Utilities Util
161. o the factory default configuration press the Save Recall key then press the Default Setup softkey Example Connect the oscilloscope probes for channels 1 and 2 to the Probe Comp output on the front panel of the instrument Be sure to connect the probe ground leads to the lug above the Probe Comp output Set the instrument to the factory default configuration by pressing the Save Recall key then the Default Setup softkey Then press the Autoscale key You should see a display similar to the following Autoscale with analog channels Example Front Panel Overview To use digital channels to view a signal To use digital channels to view a signal To configure the oscilloscope quickly press the Autoscale key to display the connected signals To undo the effects of Autoscale press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key This is useful if you have unintentionally pressed the Autoseale key or do not like the settings Autoscale has selected and want to return to your previous settings To set the instrument to the factory default configuration press the Save Recall key then press the Default Setup softkey Install probe clips on channels 0 and 1 on the digital probe cable Connect the probes for digital channels 0 and 1 to the Probe Comp output on the front panel of the instrument Be sure to connect the ground lead Set the instrument to the factory default configuration by pressing the Save Rec
162. ob to adjust the X1 or X2 cursor when its softkey is selected Y1 and Y2 The Y1 cursor short dashed horizontal line and Y2 cursor ong dashed horizontal line adjust vertically and indicate values relative to the waveform s ground point except math FFT where the values are relative to 0 dB In XY horizontal mode the Y cursors display channel 2 values Volts or Amps The cursor values for the selected waveform source are displayed within the Y1 and Y2 softkeys The difference between Y1 and Y2 AY is displayed on the dedicated line above the softkeys or in the display area when some menus are selected Turn the Entry knob to adjust the Y1 or Y2 cursor when its softkey is selected 5 33 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements X1 X2 Press this softkey to adjust the X1 and X2 cursors together by turning the Entry knob The AX value will remain the same since the cursors adjust together You can adjust the X cursors together to check for pulse width variations in a pulse train Y1 Y2 Press this softkey to adjust the Y1 and Y2 cursors together by turning the Entry knob The AY value will remain the same since the cursors adjust together Cursor Examples Se pe eee Cursors measure pulse widths other than 50 points 5 34 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Cursors measure frequency of pulse ringing Expand the display with delayed sweep then characterize the event of interest with the
163. omplex waveforms To get a stable trigger on the pulse burst shown below set the holdoff time to be gt 200 ns but lt 600 ns Holdoff Scope triggers here ra gt gt 200 ns 600 ns By setting the Holdoff you can synchronize triggers The oscilloscope will trigger on one edge of the waveform and ignore further edges until the holdoff time expires The oscilloscope will then re arm the trigger circuit to search for the next edge trigger This allows the oscilloscope to trigger on a repeating pattern in a waveform 3 7 Triggering the Oscilloscope To set holdoff Holdoff Operating Hints Holdoff keeps a trigger from occurring until after a certain amount of time has passed since the last trigger This feature is valuable when a waveform crosses the trigger level multiple times during one period of the waveform Without holdoff the scope could trigger on each of the crossings producing a confusing waveform With holdoff set correctly the scope always triggers on the same crossing The correct holdoff setting is typically slightly less than one period Set the holdoff to this time to generate a unique trigger point This action works even though many waveform periods pass between triggers because the holdoff circuit operates on the input signal continuously Changing the time base settings does not affect the holdoff number In contrast the holdoff in analog oscilloscopes is
164. on TV equipment The trigger circuitry detects the vertical and horizontal interval of the waveform and produces triggers based on the TV trigger settings you have selected The oscilloscope s MegaZoom technology gives you bright easily viewed displays of any part of the video waveform Analysis of video waveforms is simplified by the oscilloscope s ability to trigger on any selected line of the video signal Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until TV is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display TV trigger menu TV Selected TV Mode trigger channel JL U Standard a Mode a Line vw NTSC Field1 Source Sync TV Standard TV mode Line Return to channel polarity previous menu Press the Source softkey and select any analog channel as the TV trigger source The selected trigger source is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Turning the Trigger Level knob does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse Trigger coupling is automatically set to TV in the Trigger Mode Coupling menu 3 40 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Provide Correct Matching Many TV signals are produced from 75 sources To provide correct matching to these sources a 75 Q terminator such as an Agilent 11094B should be connected to the oscilloscope input 3 Press the sync
165. on sets the initial position of the trigger event within acquisition memory and on the display with delay set to 0 The delay setting sets the specific location of the trigger event with respect to the time reference position The time reference setting affects the delayed sweep as described in the following ways When the horizontal mode is set to Main the delay positions the main sweep relative to the trigger This delay is a fixed number Changing this delay value does not affect the sweep speed When the horizontal mode is set to Delayed the delay controls the position of the delayed sweep window inside the main sweep display This delayed delay value is independent of sampling interval and sweep speed To change the sweep speed for the main sweep window press the Main softkey then turn the sweep speed knob For information about using delayed mode for measurements refer to the Making Measurements chapter 4 15 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Roll mode Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from right to left It only operates on time base settings of 500 ms div and slower If the current time base setting is faster than the 500 ms div limit it will be set to 500 ms div when Roll mode is entered In Normal horizontal mode signal events occurring before the trigger are plotted to the left of the trigger point W and signal events after the trigger
166. or can be set to digital channels D15 through DO on the mixed signal oscilloscope You can choose a channel that is turned off as the source for the edge trigger The selected trigger source is displayed in the upper right corner of the display next to the slope symbol 1 through 4 analog channels D15 through DO digital channels E External trigger L Line trigger 3 12 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Edge triggering Analog source Press the analog channel source softkey to select an analog source Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob The position of the trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon Ty if the analog channel is on at the far left side of the display when DC coupling is selected The value of the analog channel trigger level is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Digital source mixed signal oscilloscope Press the digital source softkey or turn the Entry knob to select a digital channel D15 D0 as the trigger source Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the threshold level TTL CMOS ECL or user defined for the selected digital channel group The threshold value is displayed in the upper right corner of the display External Line source Ext external trigger and Line triggers off the power line frequency trigger share the same softkey on the display Toggle the softkey to select t
167. or it will be interpreted as a start or stop condition data transitioning while the clock is high 4 Press the Trigger softkey to select one of the following PC trigger conditions Start Condition the oscilloscope triggers when SDA data transitions from high to low while the SCL clock is high For triggering purposes including frame triggers a restart is treated as a start condition Stop Condition the oscilloscope triggers when data SDA transitions from low to high while the clock SCL is high ANS ae N E AN SO TAINA he PEAS ONS T7 N AEN N Start Address R W Ack Data Ack Stop Condition Condition Missing Acknowledge the oscilloscope triggers when SDA data is high during any Ack SCL clock bit Restart the oscilloscope triggers when another start condition occurs before a stop condition Triggering the Oscilloscope To use 12C triggering EEPROM Data Read the trigger looks for EEPROM control byte value 1010xxx on the SDA line followed by a Read bit and an Ack bit It then looks for the data value and qualifier set by the Data softkey and the Data is softkey When this event occurs the scope will trigger on the clock edge for the Ack bit after the data byte This data byte does not need to occur directly after the control byte Read a Ny a ae aan er ee en i ee Start or Control byte R W Ack Data Ack Restart Condition Trigger point Frame Start Addr7 Read Ack Data or Frame Start Addr7 Write Ack Data
168. or the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to CAN Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 3 20 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Duration triggering To use Duration triggering Duration trigger lets you define a pattern then trigger on a specified time duration of this logical AND combination of the channels Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until Duration is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display the Duration trigger menu Duration Selected Trigger level trigger channel or threshold Channel Logic level Qualifier Qualifier time set Return to select previous menu For each analog or digital channel you want to include in the desired pattern press the Channel softkey to select the channel This is the channel source for the H L or X condition As you press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the channel you select is highlighted in the Pattern line directly above the softkeys and in the upper right corner of the display next to Dur External trigger may also
169. or the subtract function Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for subtract expressed as V div Volts division or A div Amps division Units are set in the channel Probe menu Press the Scale softkey then turn the Entry knob to rescale 1 2 Offset allows you to set your own offset for the 1 2 math function The offset value is in Volts or Amps and is represented by the center graticule of the display Press the Offset softkey then turn the Entry knob to change the offset for 1 2 A scale unit of U undefined will be displayed for scale and offset if channel 1 and channel 2 are set to dissimilar units in the channel Probe Units softkey The figure below shows an example of subtract Channel 1 Channel 2 1 2 waveform 1 2 1 2 Return to Scale Offset previous menu Subtract 5 20 Making Measurements Differentiate Differentiate d dt differentiate calculates the discrete time derivative of the selected source You can use differentiate to measure the instantaneous slope of a waveform For example the slew rate of an operational amplifier may be measured using the differentiate function Since differentiation is very sensitive to noise it is helpful to set acquisition mode to Averaging in the Acquire menu d dt plots the derivative of the selected source using the average slope estimate at 4 points formula Equation is as follows di Yi 2 2Yi 1 2Yi 1 Yi 2 8At Where d dif
170. osite video signals Modes supported include Field 1 Field 2 or both all lines or any line within a field Also supports triggering on non interlaced fields TV trigger sensitivity 0 5 division of synch signal Autoscale Finds and displays all active analog and digital channels for 54641D 54642D sets edge trigger mode on highest numbered channel sets vertical sensitivity on analog channels and thresholds on digital channels time base to display 1 8 periods Requires minimum voltage gt 10 mVpp 0 5 duty cycle and minimum frequency gt 50 Hz 7 17 Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Analog Channel Triggering Range Internal Sensitivity Coupling 6 div lt 10 mV div Greater of 1 div or 5 mV gt 10 mV div 0 6 div ac 10 Hz dc noise reject HF reject and LF reject 50 kHz Digital D15 DO Channel Triggering 54641D and 54642D Threshold Range used defined Threshold Accuracy Predefined Thresholds 8 0 V in 10 mV increments 100 mV 3 of threshold setting TTL 1 4 V CMOS 2 5 V ECL 1 3 V External EXT Triggering Input Resistance Input Impedance Maximum Input A Range Sensitivity Coupling Probe Id Agilent HP amp Tek compatible 1 MQ 3 or 50 Ohm 13 pF
171. ots you can see that both the series tip resistor and the cable s characteristic impedance extend the input impedance significantly The stray tip capacitance which is generally small 1 pF sets the final break point on the impedance chart 100kQ 4 10kQ High Frequency Model 1kQ o E S 1000 o Qa wat 19 WL y y y 10kHz 100 kHz 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz 1GHz Frequency Impedance versus Frequency for Both Probe Circuit Models The logic probes are represented by the high frequency circuit model shown above They are designed to provide as much series tip resistance as possible Stray tip capacitance to ground is minimized by the proper mechanical design of the probe tip assembly This provides the maximum input impedance at high frequencies 4 39 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits Probe Grounding A probe ground is the low impedance path for current to return to the source from the probe Increased length in this path will at high frequencies create large common mode voltages at the probe input The voltage generated behaves as if this path were an inductor according to the equation di V Ly Increasing the ground inductance L increasing the current dz or decreasing the transition time dt will all result in increasing the voltage V When this voltage exceeds the threshold voltage defined in the oscilloscope a false data measurement will occur
172. ound the glitch To characterize the glitch use the cursors or the automatic measurement capabilities of the oscilloscope 5 11 Making Measurements To use the Roll horizontal mode To use the Roll horizontal mode Press the Main Delayed key then press the Roll softkey Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from right to left It only operates on time base settings of 500 ms div and slower If the current time base setting is faster than the 500 ms div limit it will be set to 500 ms div when Roll mode is entered In Normal horizontal mode signal events occurring before the trigger are plotted to the left of the trigger point V and signal events after the trigger plotted to the right of the trigger point In Roll mode there is no trigger The fixed reference point on the screen is the right edge of the screen and refers to the current moment in time Events that have occurred are scrolled to the left of the reference point Since there is no trigger no pretrigger information is available If you would like to clear the display and restart an acquisition in Roll mode press the Single key Use Roll mode on low frequency waveforms to give a display much like a strip chart recorder It allows the waveform to roll across the display Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode To use the XY horizontal mode The XY horizontal mode converts the oscilloscope from a volts versus time displa
173. ous menu 3 19 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use CAN triggering Press the Baud softkey to set the CAN signal baud rate The CAN baud rate can be set to 10 kb s 50 kb s 125 kb s 800 kb s 20 kb s 83 3 kb s 250 kb s 1 Mb s 33 3 kb s 100 kb s 500 kb s The default baud rate is 1 Mb s Press the Trigger softkey to select the trigger condition The SOF Start of Frame is the only trigger condition available The CAN trigger will trigger on the Start of Frame bit of a Data frame Remote Transfer Request RTR frame or an Overload frame Press the Signal softkey to set the type and polarity of the CAN signal This also automatically sets the channel label for the source channel The channel shown in the Source softkey can be connected as follows Dominant high signal e CAN_H the actual CAN_H differential bus signal Dominant low signals e CAN_L the actual CAN_L differential bus signal e Rx the Receive signal from the CAN bus transceiver e Tx the Transmit signal to the CAN bus transceiver e Differential the CAN differential bus signals connected to an analog source channel using a differential probe Press the Source softkey to select the channel connected to the CAN signal line If the Signal softkey is set to Differential connect an analog source channel to the CAN differential bus signal using a differential probe As you press the Source softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the CAN label f
174. pe Additional probe kits may be ordered by specifying Agilent part number 10089A Getting Started To use the digital probes mixed signal oscilloscope only 3 Connect a clip to one of the probe leads Be sure to connect the ground lead Other probe leads are omitted from the figure for clarity La __ 4 Surman o Ve Getting Started To use the digital probes mixed signal oscilloscope only 5 Forhigh speed signals connect a ground lead to the probe lead connect a clip to the ground lead and attach the clip to ground in the circuit under test Signal Lead Ground Lead Clip 6 Connect the ground lead on each set of channels using a probe clip The ground lead improves signal fidelity to the instrument ensuring accurate measurements Channel Pod Ground Circuit Ground Getting Started To use the digital probes mixed signal oscilloscope only 7 Repeat steps 3 through 6 until you have connected all points of interest Signals Ground 8 If you need to remove a probe lead from the cable insert a paper clip or other small pointed object into the side of the cable assembly and push to release the latch while pulling out the probe lead Replacement parts are available See the Replaceable Parts chapter in the Service Guide for details 1 20 p w N Getting Started To connect a printer To connect a printer The oscilloscope connects to a parallel printe
175. pe in a known operating condition The major default settings are Horizontal main mode 100 us div scale 0 s delay center time reference Vertical Channel 1 on 5 V div scale dc coupling 0 V position probe factor to 1 0 if an AutoProbe probe is not connected to the channel Trigger Edge trigger Auto sweep mode 0 V level channel 1 source dc coupling rising edge slope 60 ns holdoff time Display Vectors on 20 grid intensity infinite persistence off Other Acquire mode normal Run Stop to Run cursor measurements off Making Measurements Making Measurements By now you are familiar with the Vertical Analog Horizontal and Trigger groups of the front panel keys You should also know how to determine the setup of the oscilloscope by looking at the status line at the top of the display We recommend you perform all of the following exercises so you become familiar with the powerful measurement capabilities of the oscilloscope Concepts about the 54620 40 series Oscilloscopes Conceptual information about the oscilloscopes is in the MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation chapter 5 2 Capturing Data In the oscilloscope an 8 bit A D converter converts the input waveform into an evenly spaced series of voltage readings These readings are made once for each channel and are stored into memory as an array of voltages with implicit times Main and Delayed Sweep The delayed sweep display functio
176. persistence With infinite persistence the oscilloscope updates the display with new acquisitions but does not erase the results of previous acquisitions Rather than being erased by subsequent acquisitions the previous acquisition is displayed in minimum intensity Thus the results of all previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity with the latest acquisition in normal intensity Infinite persistence is useful in a number of applications including e Display the worst case extremes of varying waveforms e Capture and store waveforms e Measure noise and jitter e Capture events that occur infrequently To use infinite persistence to store multiple repetitive events 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope 2 Press the Display key then press Persist to turn on infinite persistence The display will begin accumulating multiple acquisitions Previous acquisitions will be displayed in minimum intensity 3 Press the Clear Display softkey to erase previous acquisitions The oscilloscope will again start to accumulate acquisitions 4 Turn off infinite persistence then press the Clear Display key to return the oscilloscope to the normal display mode Clearing stored infinite persistence waveforms In addition to clearing the display by pressing the Clear Display softkey the display is also cleared of previous acquisitions any time you make a Setting that will change the display including changing sweep speed vo
177. persistence 4 30 To use infinite persistence to store multiple repetitive events 4 30 To clear the waveform display 4 31 Configuring the Mixed Signal Oscilloscope 4 32 To display digital channels using Autoscale 4 32 Interpreting the digital waveform display 4 33 To display and rearrange the digital channels 4 34 To turn individual channels on and off 4 35 To force all channels on or all channels off 4 36 To change the display size of the digital channels 4 36 To change the logic threshold for digital channels 4 37 Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits 4 38 Using Labels on the Mixed Signal Oscilloscope 4 42 To turn the label display on or off 4 43 To assign a predefined label to a channel 4 44 To define anew label 4 45 To reset the label library to the factory default 4 47 Contents 3 Contents Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups 448 To Autosave traces and setups 4 49 To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file 4 50 To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk 4 51 To recall traces and setups 4 52 Saving printing screen images to floppy disk 4 53 Recalling the factory default setup 4 54 Making Measurements Capturing Data 5 3 To use delayed sweep 5 4 To reduce the random noise ona signal 5 6 To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence 5 10 To use the Roll horizontal mode 5 12 To use the XY horizontal mo
178. play as it is being acquired In either Auto or Normal mode the trigger may be missed completely under certain conditions This is because the oscilloscope will not recognize a trigger event until the pre trigger buffer is full Suppose you set the Time Div knob to a slow sweep speed such as 500 ms div If the trigger condition occurs before the oscilloscope has filled the pre trigger buffer the trigger will not be found If you use Normal mode and wait for the trigger condition indicator to flash before causing the action in the circuit the oscilloscope will always find the trigger condition correctly Some measurements you want to make will require you to take some action in the circuit under test to cause the trigger event Usually these are single shot acquisitions where you will use the Single key 3 5 Triggering the Oscilloscope To select trigger Coupling To select trigger Coupling 1 Press the Mode Coupling key 2 Press the Coupling softkey then select DC AC or LF Reject coupling e DC coupling allows dc and ac signals into the trigger path e AC coupling places a high pass filter 3 5 Hz for 54620 series analog channels 10 Hz for 54640 series analog channels and 3 5 Hz for all External trigger inputs in the trigger path removing any DC offset voltage from the trigger waveform Use AC coupling to get a stable edge trigger when your waveform has a large DC offset LF low frequency Reject coupling places a 50 kH
179. polarity softkey to set the TV trigger to either positive JD or negative sync polarity 4 Press the Standard softkey to set the TV standard The oscilloscope supports triggering on NTSC PAL PAL M SECAM and Generic television TV and video standards NTSC PAL PAL M and SECAM are broadcast standards used throughout the world Generic allows you to trigger on progressive scan and other non broadcast video signals 5 Press the Mode softkey to select the TV triggering mode The TV trigger modes available are Field1 and Field2 trigger on the rising edge of the first serration pulse of field 1 or field 2 All Fields trigger on the rising edge of the first serration pulse of both field 1 and field 2 not available in Generic mode All Lines trigger on the first line found Line Field1 and Line Field2 trigger on the selected line in field 1 or field 2 Line Alternate alternately trigger on the selected line in field 1 and field 2 not available in Generic mode Vertical trigger on the rising edge of the first serration pulse or 70 us after the start of vertical sync whichever occurs first only available in Generic mode Count Vertical counts falling edges of sync pulses triggers on the selected count only available in Generic mode 3 41 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering If you select a line mode when using standards NTSC PAL PAL M or SECAM press the Line softkey then rotate the Ent
180. probe sense 1 2 mV div is a magnification of 4 mV div setting For vertical accuracy calculations use full scale of 32 mV for 2 mV div sensitivity setting Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Vertical System Analog Channels continued ESD Tolerance Noise Peak to Peak Common Mode Rejection Ratio DC Vertical Gain Accuracy DC Vertical Offset Accuracy Value Single Cursor Accuracy Dual Cursor Accuracy 2 kV 3 full scale or 3 mV whichever is greater 20 dB 50 MHz 2 0 full scale lt 200 mV div 0 1 div 2 0 mV 0 5 offset gt 200 mV div 0 1 div 2 0 mV 1 5 offset value DC Vertical Gain Accuracy DC Vertical Offset Accuracy 0 2 full scale 1 2 LSB Example For 50 mV signal scope set to 10 mV div 80 mV full scale 5 mV offset accuracy 2 0 80mV 0 1 10 mV 2 0 mV 0 5 5 mV 0 2 80 mV 4 78 mV DC Vertical Gain Accuracy 0 4 full scale 1 LSB Example For 50 mV signal scope set to 10 mV div 80 mV full scale 5 mV offset accuracy 2 0 80 mV 0 4 80 mV 1 92 mV 1 2mV divis a magnification of 4 mV div setting For vertical accuracy calculations use full scale of 32 mV for 1 mV div sensitivity setting Vertical System Digital Channels
181. r off To turn the label display on or off 1 Press the Label key in the Digital section of the front panel This turns on display labels for the analog and digital channels When the Label key is illuminated the labels for displayed channels are displayed on the left side of the displayed traces When labels are on the label is also displayed in softkeys for the selected channel or source The figure below shows an example of the default labels assigned when you turn the label display on The channel labels default to their channel number 2 To turn the labels off press the Label key until it is not illuminated 4 43 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To assign a predefined label to a channel To assign a predefined label to a channel 1 Press the Label key 2 Press the Channel softkey then turn the Entry knob or successively press the softkey to select a channel for label assignment 2 DO Di D2 D3 D4 DS D6 D7 DB 08 D9 D10 Dil Di2 D13 D14 DIS OF 1 ors ES The figure above shows the list of channels and their default labels The channel does not have to be turned on to have a label assigned to it 3 Press the Library softkey then turn the Entry knob or successively press the Library softkey to select a predefined label from the library 4 Press the Save New Label softkey to assign the label to your selected channel 5 Repeat the above procedure for each p
182. r through the Parallel output connector on the rear of the oscilloscope You will need a parallel printer cable to connect to the printer Attach the 25 pin small D connector to the Parallel output connector on the rear of the oscilloscope Tighten the thumbscrews on the cable connector to secure the cable Attach the larger 36 pin D connector to the printer Set up the printer configuration on the oscilloscope a Press the Utility key then press the Print Confg softkey b Press the Print to softkey and set the interface to Parallel c Press the Format softkey and select your printer format from the list For more information on printer configuration refer to the Utilities chapter To connect an RS 232 cable The oscilloscope can be connected to a controller or a pc through the RS 232 connector on the rear of the oscilloscope An RS 232 cable is shipped with each oscilloscope except 54621A 21D and may be purchased for the 54621A 21D oscilloscopes Attach the 9 pin D connector on the RS 232 cable to the RS 232 connector on the rear of the oscilloscope Tighten the thumbscrews on the cable connector to secure the cable Attach the other end of the cable to your controller or pc Set up the RS 232 configuration on the oscilloscope a Press the Utility key then press the I 0 softkey b Press the Controller softkey and select RS 232 c Press the Baud softkey and set the baud rate to match your controller or p
183. redefined label you want to assign to a channel 4 44 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To define a new label To define a new label Press the Label key Press the Channel softkey then turn the Entry knob or successively press the softkey to select a channel for label assignment The channel does not have to be turned on to have a label assigned to it Press the Spell softkey then turn the Entry knob to select the first character in the new label Turning the Entry knob selects a character to enter into the highlighted position shown in the New label line above the softkeys and in the Spell softkey Labels can be up to six characters in length Press the Enter softkey to enter the selected character and to go to the next character position You may position the highlight on any character in the label name by successively pressing the Enter softkey To delete a character from the label press the Enter softkey until the letter you want to delete is highlighted then press the Delete Character softkey When you are done entering characters for the label press the Save New Label softkey to assign the label to the selected channel When you define a new label it is added to the non volatile label list Label Assignment Auto Increment Features When you assign a label ending in a digit such as ADDRO or DATAOQ the oscilloscope automatically increments the digit and displays the modified label in the
184. reshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering To use SPI triggering Serial Protocol Interface SPI trigger setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a clock data and framing signal You can then trigger on a data pattern during a specific framing period The serial data string can be specified to be from 4 to 32 bits long When you press the Settings softkey a graphic will be displayed showing the current state of the frame signal clock slope number of data bits and data bit values Press the Signals softkey in the Settings menu to see the current source channels for the clock data and frame signals Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until SPI is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display the SPI trigger menu Currently selected Clock Trigger level Framing or Data channel or threshold SPI trigger a es Graphic showing current state of the SPI trigger setup Trigger Point Data string CSR By oa a a Le values Data WOX XXXX eer ea waa ancy esreae ace Assign data bits Data bit Data bit Set all Return to channels in string select value data bits previous menu to value Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering Set up the number of bits in the serial data string and set values for those data bits Turn the Entry knob to
185. rigger hysteresis band you reduce the possibility of triggering on noise However this also decreases the trigger sensitivity so that a slightly larger signal is required to trigger the oscilloscope Random noise on the displayed waveform Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal Use averaging to reduce noise on the displayed waveform e Press the Acquire key then press the Averaging softkey Averaging lets you average multiple triggers together to reduce noise and increase resolution Averaging of multiple triggers requires a stable trigger The number of triggers being averaged is displayed in the Avgs softkey e Turn the Entry knob to set the number of averages Avgs that best eliminates the noise from the displayed waveform The number of averages can be set from 1 to 16383 in increments of powers of 2 The higher the number of averages you set the more noise reduction and resolution that will be accomplished Avgs Bits of resolution 1 8 4 9 16 10 64 11 256 12 When the number of averages is higher more noise is removed from the display However the higher the number of averages the slower the displayed waveform responds to waveform changes You must compromise between how quickly the waveform responds to changes and how much you want to reduce the displayed noise on the signal ES Gy SCZ ea 128 Averages used to reduce noise Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a
186. rm display from samples collected from multiple triggers when on fast sweep speeds In this case the reconstruction filter is not used When the trigger is stable this produces the highest fidelity waveform Realtime mode is only necessary at sweep speeds of 200 ns div and faster for the 54620 series and 2 us div and faster for the 54640 series since on these ranges lt 1000 samples can be collected on each trigger While the effective bandwidth of the channel is reduced slightly Realtime mode produces a complete waveform for each trigger Realtime can be turned on when any other acquisition mode is turned on Use Realtime to capture infrequent triggers unstable triggers or complex changing waveforms such as eye diagrams 4 20 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display modes Display modes Press the Display key to view the Display menu mi Display 20x Li Infinite Persistence Infinite persistence 00 Persist softkey updates the display with new acquisitions but does not erase previous acquisitions New sample points are shown at normal intensity while previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity Waveform persistence is not kept beyond the display area boundary Use infinite persistence to measure noise and jitter to see the worst case extremes of varying waveforms to look for timing violations or to find infrequent events Press the Clear Display softkey to erase previously acquired points
187. roduct meets CISPR requirements using type test specified in IEC 61326 1 edition 1 1 section 3 1 Date 02 11 2002 Kent Name Ken Wyatt Product Regulations Manager For further information please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office agent or distributor Product Regulations EMC Performance Criteria 2 IEC 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 EN 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 CISPR 11 1990 EN 55011 1991 IEC 61000 4 2 1995 A1 1998 EN 61000 4 2 1995 IEC 61000 4 3 1995 EN 61000 4 3 1995 IEC 61000 4 4 1995 EN 61000 4 4 1995 IEC 61000 4 6 1996 EN 61000 4 6 1996 Canada ICES 001 1998 Australia New Zealand AS NZS 2064 1 v w W Ww Safety IEC 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 EN 61010 1 1994 A2 1995 Canada CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 1992 ISM 1 A N10149 Additional Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC including 93 68 EEC and carries the CE Marking accordingly European Union Performance Criteria A Pass Normal operation no effect B Pass Temporary degradation self recoverable C Pass Temporary degradation operator intervention required D Fail Not recoverable component damage Sound Pressure Level Less than 60 dBA Safety Notices This apparatus has been designed and tested in accor dance with IEC Publication 1010 Safety Requirements for Mea suring Apparatus and has been supplied in a sa
188. rvice W34 3 year customer return standard compliance calibration service W50 Additional 2 year warranty 5 years total W52 5 year customer return calibration service W54 5 year customer return standard compliance calibration service See table 1 3 for power cord options 1 8 Table 1 2 Getting Started To inspect options and accessories Accessories available Model 1146A 1183A 1185A 1186A 10070C 10072A 10075A 10076A 10085A 10089A 10100C 10833A 34398A E2613B E2614A E2615B E2616A E2643A E2644A N2726A N2727A N2728A N2757A N2772A N2773A N2774A N2775A Description Current probe ac dc Testmobile scope cart Carrying Case Rackmount Kit 1 1 Passive Probe with ID Fine pitch probe kit 0 5 mm IC clip kit 100 1 4 kV 250 MHz probe with ID 16 16 logic cable and terminator for use with 54621D 22D 41D 42D 16 2 x 8 logic input probe assembly shipped standard with 54621D 22D 41D 42D 50Q Termination GPIB cable 1 m long RS 232 cable standard except 54621A 21D 0 5 mm Wedge probe adapter 3 signal qty 2 0 5 mm Wedge probe adapter 8 signal qty 1 0 65 mm Wedge probe adapter 3 signal qty 2 0 65 mm Wedge probe adapter 8 signal qty 1 0 5 mm Wedge probe adapter 16 signal qty 1 0 65 mm Wedge probe adapter 16 signal qty 1 Accessory pouch and front panel cover standard except on 54621A 21D Thermal printer and pouch 10 rolls of thermal printer paper GPIB Interface Module 20 MHz dif
189. rvice 6 14 User defined threshold 4 37 utilities 6 2 vV vectors 2 5 4 22 vernier 2 19 vernier channel 4 9 vernier sweep speed 4 12 vertical 4 7 vertical expansion 4 8 vertical scaling 2 16 vertical sensitivity 4 8 voltage measurements 5 45 w waveform intensity 4 21 Width measurement 5 41 Width measurement 5 41 Window FFT 5 28 X X and Y cursors 5 33 X at Max measurement 5 41 X at Max on FFT 5 39 X at Min measurement 5 42 XY mode 4 16 5 13 Y Y and X cursors 5 33 Z Z axis blanking 5 15 zoom and pan 4 23 4 24 Index 4 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO IEC Guide 22 and CEN CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer s Name Agilent Technologies Inc Manufacturer s Address 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs Colorado 80907 U S A Declares that the product Product Name Digitizing Oscilloscope Model Number 54621A D 54622A D N and 54624A AN Product Options This declaration covers all options of the above product s Conforms with the following product stardands EMC Standard Limit IEC 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 EN 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 CCISPR 11 1990 EN 55011 1991 Group 1 Class Al IEC 61000 4 2 1995 A1 1998 EN 61000 4 2 1995 4kV CD 8kV AD IEC 61000 4 3 1995 EN 61000 4 3 1995 3V m 80 1000 MHz IEC 61000 4 4 1995 EN 61000 4 4 1995 0 5kV signal lines 1kV power lines IEC 61000 4 6 1996 EN 61000 4 6 1996 3V 0 15 80 MHz Canada ICES 001 1998 Australia New Zealand AS NZS 2064 1
190. ry knob to select the line number on which you want to trigger If you select a line mode when using the Generic standard press the Count softkey then rotate the Entry knob to select the desired count number Listed below are the line or count numbers per field for each TV standard Line or count for Generic numbers per field for each TV standard TV standard Field 1 NTSC 1 to 263 PAL 1 to 313 PAL M 1 to 263 SECAM 1 to 313 Generic 1 to 1024 Field 2 1 to 262 314 to 625 264 to 525 314 to 625 1 to 1024 Alt Field 1 to 262 1 to 312 1 to 262 1 to 312 1 to 1024 vertical 3 42 Example exercises Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering The following are exercises to familiarize you with TV triggering To trigger on a specific line of video TV triggering requires greater than 1 2 division of sync amplitude with any analog channelas the trigger source Turning the trigger Level knob in TV trigger does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse tips One example of triggering on a specific line of video is looking at the vertical interval test signals VITS which are typically in line 18 Another example is closed captioning which is typically in line 21 1 Press the Trigger More key then press the TV softkey 2 Press the Settings softkey then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard 3 Press the Mode so
191. s show the time period being measured The Y cursor shows the 50 point Width Period 2109 Duty cycle Frequency Frequency is defined as 1 Period Period is defined as the time between the 50 threshold crossings of two consecutive like polarity edges A 50 crossing must also travel through the 10 and 90 levels which eliminates runt pulses The X cursors show what portion of the waveform is being measured The Y cursor shows the 50 point Period Period is the time period of the complete waveform cycle The time is measured between the 50 points of two consecutive like polarity edges A 50 crossing must also travel through the 10 and 90 levels which eliminates runt pulses The X cursors show what portion of the waveform is being measured The Y cursor shows the 50 point 5 40 Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Fall Time The fall time of a signal is the time difference between the crossing of the upper threshold and the crossing of the lower threshold for a negative going edge The X cursor shows the edge being measured For maximum measurement accuracy set the sweep speed as fast as possible while leaving the complete falling edge of the waveform on the display The Y cursors show the 10 and 90 points Rise Time The rise time ofa signal is the time difference between the crossing of the lower threshold and the crossing of the upper threshold for a positive going edge The X cursor
192. s the Quick Meas key to display the automatic measurement menu Source Select Presstomake Erase all Additional select measurement measurement measurements settings Press the Source softkey to select the channel or running math function on which the quick measurements will be made Only channels or math functions that are displayed are available for measurements If you choose an invalid source channel for ameasurement the measurement will default to the nearest in the list that makes the source valid If a portion of the waveform required for a measurement is not displayed or does not display enough resolution to make the measurement the result will display No Edges Clipped Low Signal lt value or gt value or a similar message to indicate that the measurement may not be reliable Press the Clear Meas softkey to stop making measurements and to erase the measurement results from the display line above the softkeys When Quick Meas is pressed again the default measurements will be Frequency and Peak Peak Press the Select softkey then rotate the Entry knob to select a measurement to be made The Settings softkey will be available to make additional measurement settings on some measurements Press the Measure softkey to make the measurement To turn off Quick Meas press the Quick Meas key again until it is not illuminated 5 38 Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically
193. s trigger End of packet trigger or Ba OOOO 003A SEO portion of EOP 1 Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until USB is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display USB trigger menu Currently selected Trigger level data source or threshold USB trigger a Signal D source D source Trigger on Return to speed channel channel condition previous menu 2 Press the Speed softkey to select the speed of the transaction being probed You may select Low Speed 1 5 Mb s or Full Speed 12 Mb s Triggering the Oscilloscope To use USB triggering 3 Press the D and D softkeys to select the channel connected to the USB signal D and D lines The D and D labels for the source channels are automatically set As you press the D or D softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the D and D label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to USB Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 4 Press the Trigger softkey to select where the USB trigger will occur SOP Start of Packet tr
194. s you press the SCL softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the SCL label for the source channelis automatically set and the chante you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to I S Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob For the mixed signal oscilloscope select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels assigned to the clock and data lines The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 3 24 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use 12C triggering 3 Connect an oscilloscope channel to the SDA serial data line in the circuit under test then set the SDA data channel softkey to that channel As you press the SDA softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the SDA label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to I c Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob For the mixed signal oscilloscope select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels assigned to the clock and data lines The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Dataneeds to be stable during the whole high clock cycle
195. scope 54620 68701 digital probe kit ee tt St mm mE 54620 61801 16 channel cable re T 5959 9334 2 Ground E lead qty 5 5090 4356 Clip qty 20 Accessories pouch and front panel cover IntuiLink for 54600 series software Data Capture inet eee software and serial cable 54621D 22D 41D 42D only All except 54621A 21D Package contents for 54620 40 Series Oscilloscopes 1 7 Getting Started To inspect options and accessories To inspect options and accessories Li Verify that you received the options and accessories you ordered and that none were damaged If anything is missing contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office If the shipment was damaged or the cushioning materials show signs of stress notify the carrier and your Agilent Sales Office Some of the options and accessories available for the 54620 40 Series Oscilloscopes are listed in tables 1 1 and 1 2 Contact your Agilent Sales Office for a complete list of options and accessories Table 1 1 Options available Option Description 003 Shielding Option for use in severe environments or with sensitive devices under test shields both ways in and out RS 03 magnetic interface shielding added to CRT and RE 02 display shield added to CRT to reduce radiated interference 1CM Rackmount kit same as 1186A A6J ANSII Z540 compliant calibration with test data W32 3 year customer return calibration se
196. sequence trigger requires three steps a Define an event to find before you search for the trigger The find event can be a pattern an edge from a single channel or the combination of a pattern and a channel edge b Define the trigger event The trigger on event can be a pattern an edge from a single channel the combination of a pattern and a channel edge or the nth occurrence of an edge from a single channel c Set an optional reset event If you choose to define a reset event the event can be a pattern an edge from a single channel the combination of a pattern and a channel edge or a timeout value Trigger on Scope triggers Reset on Trigger holdoff Sequence Trigger Flowchart 3 29 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering e Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel rotate the Entry knob until Sequence is displayed in the Trigger softkey then press the Settings softkey to display Sequence trigger menu Sequence Selected Trigger level trigger channel or threshold Sequence stage definitions Term definitions Channel Stage Find Trigger on Select Define Return to select select or Reset condition term term previous menu As you set stage term and channel definitions for the sequence trigger these settings will be shown in the waveform area of the display 3 30 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering Define
197. serial data I2C trigger 3 25 service functions 6 14 setup default 2 15 4 54 Single 2 3 2 20 4 25 single event 4 29 single trace 4 28 size 4 36 skew analog channel 4 10 slope 3 12 slope trigger 3 12 smoothing 4 19 5 9 softkeys 1 24 2 2 2 11 software updates 6 5 Span FFT 5 27 spectral leakage FFT 5 26 SPI trigger 3 35 stage sequence 3 31 start acquisition 2 20 start condition I2C 3 25 startup 1 23 status line 2 11 status User Cal 6 15 stop acquisition 2 20 stop condition I2C 3 25 Subtract math function 5 20 sweep speed vernier 4 12 symbols 1 24 sync polarity TV trigger 3 41 T threshold 3 14 3 17 3 21 4 37 TIF file 4 53 6 6 time base 2 19 time measurements 5 39 time reference 2 19 4 12 time reference indicator 4 12 timebase 4 11 Top measurement 5 47 Index 3 Index trigger coupling 3 6 external 3 9 HF Reject 3 6 holdoff 3 7 hysteresis 5 7 mode 3 3 mode coupling 3 3 noise reject 3 6 slope 3 12 source 3 12 trigger mode auto 3 4 auto level 3 4 normal 3 5 Trigger Out connector 3 52 trigger type 3 11 CAN 3 19 duration 3 21 edge 3 12 glitch 3 14 IC 3 24 pattern 3 17 pulse width 3 14 sequence 3 29 slope 3 12 SPI 3 35 TV 3 40 USB 3 50 triggering 3 1 TTL threshold 4 37 TV trigger 3 40 U undo Autoscale 2 12 2 13 2 14 units probe 3 10 4 10 units math 5 18 update rate 4 6 updates application software 6 5 languages 1 26 6 3 USB trigger 3 50 User Cal se
198. shed out FIFO When a trigger is found the pre trigger buffer will contain the events that occurred just before the trigger If no trigger is found the oscilloscope generates a trigger and displays the data as though a trigger had occurred When you select Single the oscilloscope will fill pre trigger buffer memory and continue flowing data through the pre trigger buffer until the auto trigger overrides the searching and forces a trigger At the end of the trace the scope will stop and display the results 3 4 Triggering the Oscilloscope To select a trigger mode Normal Auto Auto Level Normal mode Use Normal trigger mode for low repetitive rate signals or when Auto trigger is not required In this mode the oscilloscope has the same behavior whether the acquisition was initiated by pressing Run Stop or Single In Normal mode the oscilloscope must fill the pre trigger buffer with data before it will begin searching for a trigger event The trigger mode indicator on the status line flashes to indicate the oscilloscope is filling the pre trigger buffer While searching for the trigger the oscilloscope overflows the pre trigger buffer the first data put into the buffer is the first pushed out FIFO When the trigger event is found the oscilloscope will fill the post trigger buffer and display the acquisition memory If the acquisition was initiated by Run Stop the process repeats The waveform data will be scrolled onto the dis
199. signal Smoothing Avgs 1 or High resolution mode The term smoothing is an oversampling technique used when the digitizer sampling rate is faster than the rate at that samples are being stored into acquisition memory The sample rate for the 54620 series is 200 MSa s for single channel or 100 MSa s with channel pairs 1 and 2 3 and 4 or pod 1 and pod 2 running The sample rate for the 54640 series is 2 GSa s for single channel or 1 GSa s with channel pairs 1 and 2 For example if the scope is sampling at 200 MSa s yet storing the samples at 1 MSa s it needs to store only 1 out of every 200 samples When smoothing is used the slower the sweep speed the greater the number of samples that are averaged together for each display point This tends to reduce random noise on the input signal which produces a smoother trace on the screen If you cannot acquire multiple triggers you can still reduce noise and increase resolution at slower sweep speeds by setting Avgs to 1 54620 series 54640 series Bits of resolution Sweep speed Sweep speed Avgs 1 lt 2 us div 200 ns div 8 5 us div 1 us div 9 20 us div 5 us div 10 100 us div 20 us div 11 500 us div 100 us div 12 5 9 Making Measurements To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence A glitch is a rapid change in the waveform that is usually narrow as compare
200. sitivity so that the input signal is near full screen but not clipped e Use the Flat Top window e Set the FFT sensitivity to a sensitive range such as 2 dB division For best frequency accuracy on peaks e Use the Hanning window e Use Cursors to place an X cursor on the frequency of interest e Adjust frequency span for better cursor placement e Return to the Cursors menu to fine tune the X cursor For more information on the use of window please refer to Agilent Application Note 243 The Fundamentals of Signal Analysis Chapter III Section 5 Agilent part number 5952 8898 Additional information can be obtained from Spectrum and Network Measurements by Robert A Witte in Chapter 4 Agilent part number 5960 5718 Cursor Measurements You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved turning the Entry knob When you press the Cursors key it will illuminate and the cursors will turn on To turn cursors off press this key again until it is not illuminated or press the Quick Meas key Cursors are not always limited to the visible display If you set a cursor then pan and zoom the waveform until the cursor is off screen its value will not be changed and if you pan the waveform back again it will have the cursor in the ori
201. ss the Expand softkey and select Expand About Center With Expand About Center selected when you turn the volts division the waveform with expand or contract about the center graticule of the display e To expand the signal about the position of the channel s ground press the Utility key press the Options softkey Then press the Expand softkey and select Expand About Ground With Expand About Ground selected when you turn the volts division knob the ground level of the waveform remains at the same point on the display while the non ground portions of the waveform expand or contract To set analog channel probe attenuation factor If you have an AutoProbe self sensing probe such as the 10073C or 10074C connected to the analog channel the oscilloscope will automatically configure your probe to the correct attenuation factor If you do not have an AutoProbe probe connected you can press the channel key then press the Probe submenu softkey then turn the Entry knob a to set the attenuation factor for the connected probe The attenuation factor can be set from 0 1 1 to 1000 1 in a 1 2 5 sequence The probe correction factor must be set properly for measurements to be made correctly Front Panel Overview To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channels Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru DO key to turn the display of the digital channels on or off The digital channels
202. surements since reflections are minimized along the signal path e 1M Ohm mode is for use with probes and for general purpose measurements The higher impedance minimizes the loading effect of the oscilloscope on the circuit under test For 2 channel oscilloscopes that have the Ext Trigger connector on the front panel when you connect an AutoProbe self sensing probe the oscilloscope will automatically configure your probe to the correct impedance Trigger Types The oscilloscope allows you to synchronize the display to the actions of the circuit under test by defining a trigger condition You can use any input channel or the Ext Trigger BNC for the source for most trigger types MegaZoom Technology Simplifies Triggering With the built in MegaZoom technology you can simply Autoscale the waveforms then stop the scope to capture a waveform You can then pan and zoom through the data using the Horizontal and Vertical knobs to find a stable trigger point Autoscale often produces a triggered display These trigger types are available and are presented in the following order in this chapter e Edge trigger e Pulse Width glitch trigger e Pattern trigger e CAN Controller Area Network trigger e Duration trigger e PC Cnter IC bus trigger e Sequence trigger e SPI Serial Protocol Interface trigger e TV trigger e USB Universal Serial Bus trigger Changes to the trigger specification are applied when you make the
203. t print throughput turn gray scale off Gray scale printing is not available with Epson or Seiko formats and is not applicable to CSV format Form feed When on Form Feed will send a form feed command to the parallel printer when the print is complete Use this if you want only one print per sheet of paper Set form feed off when you want to put more than one print on a sheet of paper Form feed is not applicable when printing to the floppy disk 6 7 Utilities To use the floppy disk To use the floppy disk The Floppy menu allows you to load or delete files from the floppy disk Floppy disk Loadselected Delete selected Return to file file file previous menu 1 Press the File softkey or turn the Entry knob to select a file on the floppy disk 2 To load a file into the oscilloscope press the Load File softkey Files that can be loaded into the oscilloscope e QFILE_nn SCP setup files QFILE_nn TRC trace files and other user defined setup or trace files that were created using the Save Recall key on the front panel of the oscilloscope e Localized language pack files LANGPACK JZP e System software files BIN and JZP Files that cannot be loaded into the oscilloscope e Any PRINT_nn xxx printer file e Any other file not created by the oscilloscope 3 To delete a file from the floppy disk press the Delete File softkey Deleted files cannot be recovered A file that has been deleted from the floppy
204. t to 5 us div 50 us screen width delta t accuracy 005 10 us 0 2 50 us 20 ps 100 52 ns 0 005 reading 0 2 screen width 40 ps non Vernier settings 0 005 reading 0 2 screen width 1 digital sample period 1 ns Example for signal with pulse width of 10 us scope set to 5 us div 50 us screen width and single pod active 1 GSa s delta t accuracy 005 10 us 0 2 50 us 1 ns 101 5 ns 0 005 reading 0 2 screen width 1 digital sample period chan to chan skew 10 ppm 0 025 screen width 30 ps Main Delayed Roll XY Max bandwidth 1 8 degrees Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640 series Performance Characteristics Denotes Warranted Specifications all others are typical Specifications are valid after a 30 minute warm up period and 10 C from firmware calibration temperature Trigger System Sources 54641A 42A Ch 1 2 line ext 54641D 42D Ch 1 2 line ext D15 DO Modes Auto Triggered normal Single Holdoff Time 60 ns to 10 seconds Selections Edge Pattern Pulse Width CAN Duration c Sequence SPI TV USB Edge Trigger on a rising or falling edge of any source Pattern Trigger on a pattern of high low and don t care levels and a rising or falling edge established across any of the sources The analog channel s high or low level is defined by that channel s trigger level Pulse Width Trigger when a positive or negative going pulse is less than
205. t to 50 For the 54620 series if you want the result to be in dBm you must connect a 50Q load 10100C or equivalent to the analog channel input and then perform the following conversion dBm dBV 13 01 FFT units will be displayed as dB for all other FFT sources or when a source channel s units has been set to Amps DC Value The FFT computation produces a DC value that is incorrect It does not take the offset at center screen into account The DC value is not corrected in order to accurately represent frequency components near DC Aliasing When using FFTs it is important to be aware of frequency aliasing This requires that the operator have some knowledge as to what the frequency domain should contain and also consider the effective sampling rate frequency span and oscilloscope vertical bandwidth when making FFT measurements The FFT sample rate is displayed directly above the softkeys when the FFT menu is displayed Aliasing happens when there are frequency components in the signal higher than half the effective sample rate Since the FFT spectrum is limited by this frequency any higher components are displayed at a lower aliased frequency Making Measurements FFT Measurement The following figure illustrates aliasing This is the spectrum of a 1 kHz square wave which has many harmonics The sample rate is set to 200 kSa s and the oscilloscope displays the spectrum The displayed waveform shows the components of the i
206. ta softkeys during a current address read or a random read or a sequential read cycle Triggering the Oscilloscope To use 12C triggering 6 Ifyou have set the oscilloscope to trigger on a 7 bit address read or write frame condition or a 10 bit write frame condition a Press the Address softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the 7 bit or 10 bit device address You can select from an address range of 0x00 to Ox7F 7 bit or 0x38FF 10 bit hexadecimal When triggering on a read write frame the oscilloscope will trigger after the start address read write acknowledge and data events occur If don t care is selected OxXX or OxXXX for the address the address will be ignored The trigger will always occur on the 17th clock for 7 bit addressing or 26th clock for 10 bit addressing b Press the Data value softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the 8 bit data pattern on which to trigger You can select a data value in the range of 0x00 to OxFF hexadecimal The oscilloscope will trigger after the start address read write acknowledge and data events occur If don t care 0xXX is selected for data the data will be ignored The trigger will always occur on the 17th clock for 7 bit addressing or 26th clock for 10 bit addressing 3 28 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering To use Sequence triggering Sequence trigger allows you to trigger the oscilloscope after finding a sequence of events Defining a
207. tate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the CLK label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the display next to SPI Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for digital channels The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display Labels automatically set for clock data and chip select 2 signals Ni Graphic showing current state of SPI trigger clock slope and chip select polarity or timeout selection Triggering the Oscilloscope To use SPI triggering Press the slope softkey 4 t to select rising edge or falling edge for the selected Clock source This determines which clock edge the oscilloscope will use to latch the serial data When you press the slope softkey the graphic shown on the display changes to show the current state of the clock signal eee eee 1 v 2 CS DO Press the Data softkey or turn the Entry knob to select the channel that is connected to the SPI serial data line The DATA label for the source channel is automatically set As you press the Data softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes the DATA label for the source channel is automatically set and the channel you select is shown in the upper right corner of the
208. ternal trigger 3 10 indeterminate state 5 32 infinite persistence 4 21 4 25 4 30 5 10 input impedance channel input 4 9 external trigger 3 10 input voltage 1 15 3 9 Integrate math function 5 23 intensity 1 14 4 21 intensity knob 2 24 invert 4 9 L label list 4 46 labels 4 42 languages Quick Help 1 25 6 3 updates 1 26 6 3 LaserJet printer 6 6 LF reject 5 7 library default labels 4 47 library labels 4 44 line trigger 3 13 link 1 24 load file floppy 6 8 loading language 1 27 6 4 localized language updates 1 26 6 3 logic threshold 4 37 M main horizontal mode 4 11 markers delay 4 14 math 1 2 5 19 1 2 5 20 differentiate 5 21 FFT 5 25 functions 5 17 integrate 5 23 measurements 5 45 multiply 5 19 offset 5 18 scale 5 18 substract 5 20 units 5 18 Maximum measurement 5 46 measurement definitions 5 40 measurement line 2 11 measurements 2 23 5 1 MegaZoom 4 3 4 5 MegaZoom concepts 4 1 memory depth 4 27 memory deep 4 4 Minimum measurement 5 46 missing acknowledge condition I2C trigger 3 25 mixed signal configure 4 32 Mode Coupling key trigger 3 3 Multiply math function 5 19 N new label 4 45 noise reject 3 6 normal acquire mode 2 3 4 18 normal cursors 5 32 normal trigger mode 3 5 o options 1 8 6 16 Overshoot measurement 5 49 Index 2 Index P pan and zoom 4 23 4 24 parallel printer port 6 6 pattern duration trigger 3 21 pattern trigger 3 17 SPI trigger 3 36 patt
209. the Channel Select knob the selected channel number is highlighted on the left side of the display Turn the Digital position knob to reposition the selected channel on the display If two or more channels are displayed at the same vertical position the channel number will be shown as D on the left side of the display When you use the Channel Select knob to select this channel a pop up will appear showing the list of overlaid channels Continue turning the Channel Select knob until the desired channel within the pop up is selected You can also use this feature to bus several signals together on the display D7 v D2 D1 DO Turn on a Threshold o Jost 4 34 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To turn individual channels on and off To turn individual channels on and off Individual channels within the pod group can be turned on or off 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru DO key 2 Turn the Entry knob to select a digital channel to turn on or off If the User threshold softkey was previously selected make sure you press the digital channel on off softkey to assign it to the Entry knob List of channels in pod and on off Channel _ status bis Digital channel on off ke Turn oi 4 Threshold U 4 ca Pea gees trie bakerc 3 After you have selected the channel press the channel on off key to turn the channel on or off When the channel is on the box in the channel on off softkey is filled
210. the indicated conditions are fully understood and met CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met
211. the pattern edge or timeout term displayed in the Reset softkey If you select No Reset no reset stage will be defined If you select a pattern term each channel in the pattern must be set to aH high L dow or X don t care a Press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select the channel b Press the LH X softkey to set a level for the channel c Repeat for all channels in the pattern If you select an edge term one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge All other channel edges will be set to don t care X a Press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob on mixed signal oscilloscopes to select the channel b Then press the X softkey to select rising edge or falling edge All other channel edges will be defaulted to don t care If you select the Timeout term you will need to set a timeout value a Press the Term softkey and select Timeout b Press the Timeout softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the timeout value Timeout can be set from 100 ns to 10 seconds The timer starts when the Find condition has been met If the time is running and another Find condition occurs the time will restart from time zero Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob Select Threshold in the D7 Thru DO or D15 Thru D8 menu to set the level for the digital channel group The value of the trigger level or digital th
212. the printer configuration menu to set up your printer interface and printer format type You can also turn scale factors gray scale and form feed on and off PRINT_O02 Print to a Format Factors Sray Scale Form Feed Disk TIF image Print to Format Factors Gray Scale Form Feed Return to previous menu Press the Utility key then press the Print Confg softkey to display the print configuration menu Press the Print to softkey to select the printer interface Parallel prints to the printer connected to the parallel port on the back of the oscilloscope Disk sends a print file to the built in floppy disk The print file will be named PRINT_nn xxx where xxx is the format of the output BMP TIF or CSV If you print to the floppy disk again the number nn will automatically increment starting at 00 each time you save a new file to floppy disk Up to 100 files can be saved on each floppy disk if space permits Press the Format softkey to select the print format e Ifthe printer interface is set to Parallel you can select your printer format to be DeskJet LaserJet Epson or Seiko DPU 414 portable The portable Seiko DPU 414 printer kit is available by ordering Agilent model N2727A The kit is a printer mounted in a pouch that attaches to the top of the oscilloscope e Ifthe printer interface is set to Disk you can print to the built in floppy disk The floppy disk format can be set to TIF image tiff format of the
213. tions menu and select Center Ground level The ground level of the signal for each displayed analog channel is identified by the position of the p icon at the far left side of the display Channel position Turn the small channel position knob to move the channel waveform up or down on the display The voltage value momentarily displayed in the upper right portion of the display represents the voltage difference between the center graticule and the ground level P icon It also represents the voltage at the center graticule Press the Coupling softkey to select the input channel coupling Coupling changes the channel s input coupling to either AC alternating current DC direct current or Ground hardware ground on 54620 series only AC coupling places a 3 5 Hz high pass filter in series with the input waveform that removes any DC offset voltage from the waveform When AC is selected AC is illuminated on the front panel next to the channel position knob 4 e DC coupling is useful for viewing waveforms as low as 0 Hz that do not have large DC offsets e AC coupling is useful for viewing waveforms with large DC offsets or with slowing moving DC offsets e Ground coupling 54620 series only is useful for removing clutter on screen estimating the baseline noise contribution by the oscilloscope and measuring the difference between oscilloscope ground and device under test ground 4 8 MegaZoom Concepts and Osci
214. trigger and post trigger buffers are full the results are displayed on the screen If the buffers are not full that is no triggers occurred the waveform display area will show nothing To take a single trace Press the Single key The Single key will illuminate The oscilloscope starts the acquisition system and begins searching for the trigger condition When the oscilloscope is in infinite persistence display mode see To use Infinite Persistence topic pressing Single erases the results of previous acquisitions from the current display contents Auto Single Auto trigger will generate a trigger for you if one is not found in the predetermined time from when the trigger system is armed To take a single shot acquisition and you are not particularly interested in triggering the acquisition for example if you are probing a DC level set Trigger Mode Coupling mode to Auto and press the Single key Ifa trigger exists it will be used if a trigger does not exist an untriggered acquisition will be taken 4 28 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To capture a single event To capture a single event To capture a single event you need some previous knowledge of the signal to set up the trigger level and slope For example if the event is derived from TTL logic a trigger level of 2 volts should work on a rising edge These steps show you how to use the oscilloscope to capture a single event Connect a s
215. ts For an interlaced TV system the counting starts from the rising edge of the first vertical serration pulse of Field 1 and or Field 2 For a non interlaced TV system the counting starts after the rising edge of the 3 44 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on all TV line sync pulses To quickly find maximum video levels you could trigger on all TV line sync pulses When All Lines is selected as the TV trigger mode the oscilloscope will trigger on the first line that it finds when the acquisition starts Press the Trigger More key then press the TV softkey Press the Settings softkey then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard Press the Mode softkey and select All Lines re r y Gd ee GES Triggering on All Lines 3 45 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on a specific field of the video signal To examine the components of a video signal trigger on either Field 1 or Field 2 When a specific field is selected the oscilloscope triggers on the rising edge of the first serration pulse in the vertical sync interval in the specified field 1 or 2 1 Press the Trigger More key then press the TV softkey 2 Press the Settings softkey then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard 3 Press the Mode softkey and select Field1 or Field2 Ae pee Pe vm ae Po e NTSC Field1 1 Triggering on Field 1
216. tting and other time dependent oscilloscope functions explains how to achieve the most accurate signal fidelity through good probing practices and describes how glitch detection works 4 2 MegaZoom Concepts MegaZoom technology combines the advantages of conventional deep memory digital oscilloscopes with the responsiveness and update rate of traditional analog oscilloscopes Conventional deep memory digital oscilloscopes are known for their ability to capture long time intervals while still maintaining high sample rates MegaZoom technology keeps the deep memory advantages without the usual deep memory disadvantages of an unresponsive user interface while panning and zooming through the data and poor signal update rate MegaZoom technology incorporates a multi processor architecture in the signal data path between the oscilloscope probe and the oscilloscope display This yields an instrument that responds instantly to pan and zoom controls while exploring the acquired data MegaZoom technology combines update rate instant control response and deep memory innovations to allow you to capture long time periods with high sample rates and instantly zoom in on the signal details of interest either while stopped or running Deep memory front panel responsiveness and display update rate are combined into one oscilloscope with no need for a special mode or memory depth selection 4 3 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation
217. weep speed in smaller increments with the time division knob The sweep speed remains fully calibrated when Vernier is on The value is displayed in the status line at the top of the display When Vernier is turned off the Horizontal sweep speed knob changes the time base sweep speed in a 1 2 5 step sequence Note the setting of the Time Ref time reference softkey Time reference is the reference point on the display for delay time Time reference can be set to one graticule from the left or right edge or to the center of the display A small hollow triangle V at the top of the graticule marks the position of the time reference When delay time is set to zero the trigger point indicator W overlays the time reference indicator Turning the Horizontal sweep speed knob will expand or contract the waveform about the time reference point V Turning the Horizontal delay time lt gt knob in Main mode will move the trigger point indicator W to the left or right of the time reference point V The time reference position sets the initial position of the trigger event within acquisition memory and on the display with delay set to 0 The delay setting sets the specific location of the trigger event with respect to the time reference position The time reference setting affects the delayed sweep as described in the following ways e When the horizontal mode is set to Main the delay positions the main sweep relative to the trigger T
218. wn in the Getting started using the oscilloscope interface topic in chapter 1 2 2 Front Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Important Oscilloscope Considerations Using Single versus Run Stop The oscilloscopes have a Single key and a Run Stop key When you press Run key is illuminated in green the trigger processing and screen update rate are optimized over the memory depth Single acquisitions always use the maximum memory available at least twice as much memory as acquisitions captured in Run mode and the scope stores at least twice as many samples At slow sweep speeds the oscilloscope operates at a higher sample rate when Single is used to capture an acquisition as opposed to running due to the increased memory available Using Auto trigger mode versus Normal trigger mode Normal trigger mode requires a trigger to be detected before an acquisition can complete In many cases a triggered display in not needed to check signal levels or activity For these applications use Auto trigger mode If you only want to acquire specific events as specified by the trigger settings use Normal trigger mode For more detailed discussion of Auto trigger mode and Normal trigger mode refer to Chapter 3 Triggering the Oscilloscope Viewing signal detail with acquire mode Remember how you had to constantly adjust the brightness on old analog scopes to see a desired level of detail in a signal or to see
219. y reflects the user s changes This results in the highly responsive MegaZoom oscilloscope display 4 5 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display Update Rate Display Update Rate In analog oscilloscopes the oscilloscope is blind while the electron beam is reset to the left side of the screen Thus the update rate of an analog oscilloscope seems high because the blind or dead time of the analog scope is low Infrequent or random events that happen while the oscilloscope is blind are missed and thus not displayed Oscilloscope users often assume that their scope is capturing the entire waveform and that the update rate is perfect when the oscilloscope display is actually missing some events If we could eliminate this dead time their assumption would be correct MegaZoom technology maintains high update rate by using parallel processing and memory segmentation The MegaZoom oscilloscope flows samples into one area of acquisition memory and in another area they are read out and processed into displayed samples By doing this the processing part of the update cycle does not miss any events This results in very fast update rate and a responsive user interface 4 6 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels To setup the Analog channels 1 Press the 1 key in the Vertical section Analog section on mixed signal oscilloscopes of the front panel to display the channel 1 menu Ch
220. y to a volts versus volts display using two input channels Channel 1 is the X axis input channel 2 is the Y axis input You can use various transducers so the display could show strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency This exercise shows a common use of the XY display mode by measuring the phase difference between two signals of the same frequency with the Lissajous method 1 Connect a sine wave signal to channel 1 and a sine wave signal of the same frequency but out of phase to channel 2 2 Press the Autoscale key press the Main Delayed key then press the XY softkey 3 Center the signal on the display with the channel 1 and 2 position 4 knobs Use the channel 1 and 2 volts div knobs and the channel 1 and 2 Vernier softkeys to expand the signal for convenient viewing The phase difference angle 8 can be calculated using the following formula assuming the amplitude is the same on both channels sin A or e B D Signal must be centered in X Lew Vi fe ya C f PA 1 p yt SA Example of centering a signal on the display 5 13 Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode Signal centered on the display 4 Press the Cursors key 5 Set the Y2 cursor to the top of the signal and set Y1 to the bottom of the signal Note the AY value at the bottom of the display In this example we are using the Y cursors but you could have use
221. y to select rising edge or falling edge All other channel edges will be defaulted to don t care 6 When you set a Trigger on condition to trigger on Edge 2 you can also select which occurrence of Edge 2 to trigger on a Make sure Nth Edge 2 is selected in the Trigger softkey b Press the Term softkey and select Count N c Press the N softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the number of edges to wait before triggering If the Find event occurs again before the Count N event is satisfied Count N will be reset to zero N can be set from 1 to 10 000 Define the optional Reset on stage 1 Press the Stage softkey and select Reset on Reset on is the last stage in the trigger sequence When you select the Stage Reset on softkey the next softkey to the right will display Reset and give youa list of the terms you can define for the Reset on stage The Reset on stage can be set to one of the following conditions No Reset Resets on the find condition Pattern 1 or 2 Entered A pattern is entered on the last edge that makes the pattern true logical AND Pattern 1 or 2 Exited A pattern is exited on the first edge that makes the pattern false logic NAND Edge 1 or 2 Pattern 1 and Edge 1 Timeout Terms that are grayed out are not valid in the reset stage Triggering the Oscilloscope To use Sequence triggering Press the Reset softkey and select a term to reset on Press the Term softkey and select
222. z high pass filter in series with the trigger waveform Low frequency reject removes any unwanted low frequency components from a trigger waveform such as power line frequencies that can interfere with proper triggering Use this coupling to get a stable edge trigger when your waveform has low frequency noise TV coupling is normally grayed out but is automatically selected when TV trigger is enabled in the Trigger More menu To select Noise Reject and HF Reject 1 Press the Mode Coupling key 2 Press the Noise Rej softkey to select noise reject or press the HF Reject softkey to select high frequency reject e Noise Rej adds additional hysteresis to the trigger circuitry When noise reject is on the trigger circuitry is less sensitive to noise but may require a greater amplitude waveform to trigger the oscilloscope e HF Reject adds a 50 kHz low pass filter in the trigger path to remove high frequency components from the trigger waveform You can use HF Reject to remove high frequency noise such as AM or FM broadcast stations or from fast system clocks from the trigger path 3 6 Triggering the Oscilloscope To set holdoff To set holdoff 1 Press the Mode Coupling key 2 Turn the Entry knob 4 to increase or decrease the trigger holdoff time shown in the Holdoff softkey Holdoff sets the amount of time that the oscilloscope waits before re arming the trigger circuitry Use Holdoff to stabilize the display of c

Agilent Technologies 22A Sprinkler User Manual

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