Sun Visual WorkShop C++ Overview
Contents
1. vili Sun Visual WorkShop C Related Books This overview briefly describes the components of the Sun Visual WorkShop C The following sections describe other books included with this workshop Other Programming Books m C User s Guide provides information on command line options and how to use the compiler m C Programming Guide discusses issues relating to the use of templates exception handling and interfacing with FORTRAN 77 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 C Migration Guide describes migrations between compiler releases C Library Reference explains the iostream libraries Tools h User s Guide provides details on the Tools h class library Tools h Class Library Reference discusses use of the C classes for enhancing the efficiency of your programs Numerical Computation Guide details floating point computation numerical accuracy issues Standard C Library User s Guide describes how to use the Standard C Library Standard C Class Library Reference provides detail on the Standard C Library Other Sun WorkShop Books Sun WorkShop Quick Install provides installation instructions Sun WorkShop Installation and Licensing Reference provides supporting installation and licensing information Using Sun WorkShop gives information on performing development operations through Sun WorkShop Debugging a Program With dbx provid2. Chapter 2 Building and Compiling discusses building and compiling processes Chapter 3 Editing and Browsing describes editors and benefits of the source browser Chapter 4 Debugging and Tuning reviews debugging and performance tools Chapter 5 GUI Building discusses the Sun WorkShop Visual GUI designer Chapter 6 Managing Source Code sketches the benefits of Sun WorkShop TeamWare code management tools Preface vii Glossary is a list of words and phrases found in this book and their definitions Multiplatform Release Note The name of the latest Solaris operating environment release is Solaris 7 but code and path or package path names may use Solaris 2 7 or SunOS 5 7 The Sun WorkShop documentation applies to Solaris 2 5 1 Solaris 2 6 and Solaris 7 operating environments on m The SPARC platform m The x86 platform where x86 refers to the Intel implementation of one of the following Intel 80386 Intel 80486 Pentium or the equivalent Note The term x86 refers to the Intel 8086 family of microprocessor chips including the Pentium Pentium Pro and Pentium II processors and compatible microprocessor chips made by AMD and Cyrix In this document the term x86 refers to the overall platform architecture Features described in this book that are particular to a specific platform are differentiated by the terms SPARC and x86 in the text
3. Compile x gt and C Language Systems l Compile source code Sun WorkShop Compilers C C Incremental Linker ild Sun WorkShop Memory Manager Standard C Library Sun Math Libraries New language features FIGURE 1 1 Sun Visual WorkShop C Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 source code N Create C and Java graphical user interfaces F Sun WorkShop TeamWare Extend Sun WorkShop with an integrated code management system Configuring e Versioning e Freezepointing Merging Building CHAPTER 2 Building and Compiling With Sun Visual WorkShop C you can build and compile your programs efficiently starting with the use of a single graphical interface as a control panel Program in an Integrated Environment With Sun Visual WorkShop C you can manage and execute a complete suite of development tools through a single graphical user interface Since developers tend to have their favorite editors Sun WorkShop offers three of the most popular vi Emacs and XEmacs When using Sun WorkShop you can choose your editor from the Text Editor Options dialog box Simplify Building With Sun WorkShop Building Window Your makefile describes explicitly how to build each module of your program as well as the final executable Sun WorkShop Building is a graphical interface to the UNIX make utility the utility that oversees program compilation and ensure
4. Source Code Control System SCCS 21 22 static analysis 10 Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor 6 Sun WorkShop TeamWare 3 21 Sun WorkShop Visual GUI designer 19 suspend time 15 system time 15 28 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview Month 1998 T toolkits Microsoft Windows 20 Motif 20 X 20 trap time 15 tuning 14 U user time 15 V Versioning tool 22 WwW Windows compliant design 20
5. For Command Line Debugging Use dbx 13 If You Prefer a GUI Use the Debugger 14 Tuning 14 Analyze a Variety of Performance Data 14 Control Your Analysis 15 Focus on Problems 16 Find Which Modules Do the Calling 16 Multiprocessing and Multithreading 16 Take Advantage of Parallelism 16 Speed Error Detection With Multithreaded Development Tools 17 5 GUI Building 19 Visually Design Your GUI 19 Automatically Generate C and C Code 20 Reuse Code 20 Develop Across Platforms 20 6 Managing Source Code 21 Coordinate Large Software Projects 21 iv Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Compare and Merge Files 22 Coordinate File Access Easily 22 Establish Milestones 23 Glossary 25 Contents v vi Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Preface This manual describes the capabilities of Sun Visual WorkShop C and guides you to the documentation you need for further information Some of these products you already use but others you may not use or even know about Who Should Use This Book This document addresses application developers who are new users of Sun Visual WorkShop C It assumes that you have a working knowledge of the Solaris operating environment and UNIX commands How This Book Is Organized This overview is organized as follows Chapter 1 Welcome to Sun Visual WorkShop C is an overview of the products included in Sun Visual WorkShop C and how they fit together
6. of the same source file with or without reference to a common earlier version You can work on the same files and compare respective versions of the files without introducing discrepancies The Merging tool displays both versions of a file side by side highlighting any differences in color You can then automatically or selectively merge your changes into a new file and view them in an editable window With the Merging tool you can also merge entire directories or lists of files This feature is useful when two versions of a program have diverged significantly and must be made to converge 22 Coordinate File Access Easily Take advantage of the Versioning tool a graphical user interface to SCCS to manipulate files and perform SCCS functions Even if you don t know SCCS commands this intuitive method lets you check files in and out as well as display and move through history branches Use the Versioning tool to m Checkin files under SCCS m Check out and lock a version of the file for editing m Retrieve copies of any version of the file from SCCS history m Peruse the branches of an SCCS history file m Back out changes to a checked out copy m Inquire about the availability of a file for editing Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 m Inquire about differences between selected versions using the Merging tool m Display the version log summarizing executed commands Establish Milestones During the softwa
7. up signal m Suspend time Time spent temporarily halted includes time spent in the debugger during breakpoint and the time used by the Sampling Collector to gather data m Idle time Time spent waiting to run while the system was busy m Function sizes Sizes of functions in the program m Module sizes Sizes of modules in the program m Segment sizes Sizes of segments in the program m Memory usage Memory page reference and modification data m Resource usage Information about the system resources that are used by the program including major and minor page faults process swaps number input and output blocks number of messages sent and received number of signals handled number of voluntary and involuntary context switches number of system calls number of characters of input output and number of working set memory pages Control Your Analysis The debugger serves as the data gathering front end for the Sampling Analyzer You can control the data collection process with the Sampling Collector window in dbx or the debugger while your program is running You can collect data only between breakpoints or you can limit data collection to a particular part of the program The program run in which you collect data is known as an experiment and the data file created by the Collector is called the experiment record You then use the Sampling Analyzer to identify performance bottlenecks in the collected data Note Performance tuning and r
8. utilisateurs d interfaces graphiques OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences crites de Sun CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE EN L ETAT SANS GARANTIE D AUCUNE SORTE NI EXPRESSE NI IMPLICITE Y COMPRIS ET SANS QUE CETTE LISTE NE SOIT LIMITATIVE DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE L APTITUDE DES PRODUITS A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU LE FAIT QU ILS NE SOIENT PAS CONTREFAISANTS DE PRODUITS DE TIERS oli 4 Adobe PostScript Contents 1 Welcometo Sun Visual WorkShop C 1 Take Advantage of an Integrated Environment Sun WorkShop 1 Build High Performance Applications With Sun WorkShop Compiler C 2 Parallelize With Multithreaded Development Tools 2 Manage Code With Sun WorkShop TeamWare 3 Build GUIs Quickly With WorkShop Visual 3 2 Building and Compiling 5 Program in an Integrated Environment 5 Simplify Building With Sun WorkShop Building Window 5 Improve Performance With the C Compiler 6 Test Changes Faster 6 Prevent Memory Leaks 7 Control Optimization Levels 7 Reuse Code 7 Save Time With the Tools h Class Library 7 Enhance Performance With the C Compiler 8 3 Editing and Browsing 9 Choose Your Editor 9 Contents iii Try Out the Source Browser 9 Search for Patterns 10 Search by Query 10 Search Local or Network Files 10 Search Multiple Language Programs 10 Experience Flexible Browsing 10 Use Static Analysis to Examine Source Code 10 4 Debugging and Tuning 13 Debugging 13
9. Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview amp Sun microsystems THE NETWORK IS THE COMPUTER Sun Microsystems Computer Company A Sun Microsystems Inc Business 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto CA 94303 4900 USA 650 960 1300 fax 650 969 9131 Part No 805 4964 Revision A February 1999 1999 Sun Microsystems Inc 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto California 94303 4900 U S A All rights reserved This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use copying distribution and decompilation No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors if any Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX system licensed from Novell Inc and from the Berkeley 4 3 BSD system licensed from the University of California UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries and is exclusively licensed by X Open Company Ltd Third party software including font technology in this product is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun s suppliers RESTRICTED RIGHTS Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52 227 14 g 2 6 87 and FAR 52 227 19 6 87 or DFAR 252 227 7015 b 6 95 and DFAR 227 7202 3 a Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the United Stat
10. ake advantage of the parallelism inherent in your programs to analyze and improve performance Multithreaded tools are available on SPARC platforms only Use these tools to m Have access to an autoparallelizing C compiler m Analyze parallel loop performance m Analyze ANSI C source code to detect data races and deadlocks Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Manage Code With Sun WorkShop TeamWare Sun WorkShop TeamWare code management tools extend the Sun WorkShop tools and C language systems with a suite of graphical tools for source code version control release integration and release management These speed software development by helping your team to work together Build GUIs Quickly With WorkShop Visual Use the Sun WorkShop Visual GUI builder to build sophisticated applications quickly and easily View your GUI design as you build and make changes When your design is complete Sun WorkShop Visual automatically generates portable object oriented C C or Java code Chapter 1 Welcome to Sun Visual WorkShop C 3 4 B w Sampling a lune e Prese Analyzer a dbx Tune Debug and tune Debug multiprocessed f RESI E EPER Li and multithreaded FI i Sun WorkShop IS SE applications 7 SERRE an are Browser LoopTool rite edit browse e LockLint build debug and Fu tune source code He 4 Design i vi XEmacs reuse pe Sa Build Emacs be f Sun WorkShop Ve Write edit i Visual ee
11. ame or value AaBbCc123 Book titles new words or terms or words to be emphasized xii Edit your login file Use ls a to list all files machine_name You have mail machine_name su Password To delete a file type rm filename Read Chapter 6 in User s Guide These are called class options You must be root to do this Shell Prompts in Command Examples The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell Bourne shell and Korn shell TABLE P 2 Shell Prompts Shell Prompt C shell prompt machine_name C shell superuser prompt machine_name Bourne shell and Korn shell prompt Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser prompt Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 CHAPTER 1 Welcome to Sun Visual WorkShop C Sun Visual WorkShop C is a tightly integrated environment designed to speed software development for you and your team This package simplifies the tasks you perform most often compiling building browsing editing debugging and performance tuning Sun Visual WorkShop C includes the following major components Sun WorkShop Sun WorkShop Compilers C and C multithreaded tools Sun WorkShop TeamWare and Sun WorkShop Visual GUI designer Take Advantage of an Integrated Environment Sun WorkShop Sun WorkShop supplies an integrated programming environment with a full set of graphical tools to create and maintain your C and C app
12. atures Native C compiler Incremental linker i1d to reduce link time Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor to solve memory management problems Exception handling for improved error handling Fast template instantiation E E E E E m Tools h class libraries Test Changes Faster Once a debugging session is completed you can rebuild your application using the incremental linker You can test the changes to your application more quickly because the incremental linker reduces the time necessary to relink an application Only the changed o files are linked into the previous executable to create a new executable file Using the incremental linker the time it takes to rebuild an application after a change is proportional to the magnitude of the change rather than to the total size of the application Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Prevent Memory Leaks A significant addition to this release is the Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor an automatic memory manager for C and C With this feature you can prevent memory leaks from occurring simply by relinking your program Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor automatically frees up leaked memory Using this tool you can write new programs without calling free or delete and you can automatically fix memory errors in existing programs even those that use third party libraries You can also monitor your memory usage from within your browser and identify how much memory each part of your pr
13. crite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence s il y ena Des parties de ce produit pourront tre deriv es du syst me UNIX licenci par Novell Inc et du syst me Berkeley 4 3 BSD licenci par l Universit de Californie UNIX est une marque enregistr e aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays et licenci e exclusivement par X Open Company Ltd Le logiciel d tenu par des tiers et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caract res est prot g par un copyright et licenci par des fournisseurs de Sun Sun Sun Microsystems le logo Sun et Solaris sont des marques d pos es ou enregistr es de Sun Microsystems Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC utilis es sous licence sont des marques d pos es ou enregistr es de SPARC International Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont bas s sur une architecture d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc Les utilisateurs d interfaces graphiques OPEN LOOK et Sun ont t d velopp s de Sun Microsystems Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenci s Sun reconna t les efforts de pionniers de Xerox Corporation pour la recherche et le d veloppement du concept des interfaces d utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l industrie de l informatique Sun d tient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l interface d utilisation graphique cette licence couvrant aussi les licenci s de Sun qui mettent en place les
14. e source browser to examine your source code in an organized fashion You can gain better understanding of a piece of software by 10 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 m Observing the structure of a program as defined by its source code m Identifying Called and calling functions a Graphs of class genealogy m Organization of header files and defining statements Chapter 3 Editing and Browsing 11 12 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 CHAPTER 4 Debugging and Tuning Many variables affect the performance of an application program The one over which you have the most influence is the design of your program With debugging and performance tuning you can make your program efficient reliable and fast Sun Visual WorkShop C includes a variety of debugging and performance tools to analyze source code isolate problems and provide you with the information you need to finely tune your applications for maximum performance Debugging For your debugging tasks use one of the two closely related debugging tools contained in Sun Visual WorkShop dbx or the debugger For Command Line Debugging Use dbx The dbx debugger is an interactive source level command line tool You can use it to run a program in a controlled manner and to inspect the state of a stopped program dbx gives you complete control of the dynamic execution of a program including the collection of performance data Make use o
15. ect runtime errors in an application during the development phase As errors are detected the debugger interrupts program execution and displays the relevant source code so you can fix bugs as they are found Tuning After you have successfully debugged your program you can evaluate its performance with the Sampling Analyzer a program designed to help you tune application performance including memory allocation The Sampling Analyzer measures and graphically displays your application s performance profile and suggests ways to improve performance Its special data collection instrumentation eliminates the need to continually compile and link an application any program that has been compiled can be analyzed Analyze a Variety of Performance Data The performance data you can examine in the Sampling Analyzer include 14 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 m User time Time spent executing user program instruction m Faulttime Time required to service fault driven memory activities classified into text and data page faults m I O time Time the operating system spent waiting for input output operations such as writing to a disk or tape m System time Time the operating system spent executing system calls m Trap time Time spent in executing traps automatic exceptions or memory faults m Lock wait time Time spent waiting for lightweight process locks m Sleep time Time the program spent inactive waiting for a wake
16. elease integration and release management Use Sun WorkShop TeamWare code management tools to m Graphically track and integrate software projects and releases m Track versions of ASCII and binary files m Track complete assemblies of source files m Dramatically cut the time required to build large projects by executing build jobs in parallel on a single Solaris host Coordinate Large Software Projects Simplify the complex task of coordinating common and interdependent files with the Configuring tool Choose a command line interface CLI or a graphical user interface GUI Then copy project files from a central workspace into your own workspace notify other team members that you re using files make changes to files and copy your changes back to the central workspace Use the Configuring tool to m Speed critical code management tasks track versions of source files integrate and build releases and recreate prior releases using simple graphical tools 21 m Graphically navigate development workspaces map development test and release workspaces in a hierarchical format m Speed project integration transfer source files between workspaces by drag and drop m Work on multiple releases simultaneously and begin work on a new project without disturbing ongoing work m Respond to changing project conditions reorganize the workspace hierarchy at any time Compare and Merge Files Use the Merging tool to merge two versions
17. es and in other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International Inc in the United States and in other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems Inc The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interfaces were developed by Sun Microsystems Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox Corporation in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a nonexclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface which license also covers Sun s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun s written license agreements THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems Inc 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto Californie 94303 4900 U S A Tous droits r serv s Ce produit ou document est prot g par un copyright et distribu avec des licences qui en restreignent l utilisation la copie et la d compilation Aucune partie de ce produit ou de sa documentation associ e ne peut tre reproduite sous aucune forme par quelque moyen que ce soit sans l autorisation pr alable et
18. es information on using dbx commands to debug a program Analyzing Program Performance With Sun WorkShop describes the profiling tools the LoopTool LoopReport and LockLint utilities and use of the Sampling Analyzer to enhance program performance Sun WorkShop TeamWare User s Guide describes how to use the Sun WorkShop TeamWare code management tools Sun WorkShop Performance Library Reference Manual discusses the library of subroutines and functions to perform useful operations in computational linear algebra and Fourier transforms Solaris Books The following Solaris manuals and guides provide additional useful information The Solaris Linker and Libraries Guide gives information on linking and libraries The Solaris Programming Utilities Guide provides information for developers about the special built in programming tools available in the SunOS system Ordering Sun Documents The SunDocs program provides more than 250 manuals from Sun Microsystems Inc If you live in the United States Canada Europe or Japan you can purchase documentation sets or individual manuals using this program For a list of documents and how to order them see the catalog section of the SunExpress Internet site at http www sun com sunexpress Accessing Sun Documents Online Sun WorkShop documentation is available online from several sources The docs sun com Web site AnswerBook2 collections HTML documents n R n m Online
19. f the multithreaded features that are built into the standard dbx You can identify all known threads including their current state base functions and current functions You can also examine thread stack traces To ensure proper execution you can debug threads by stepping through or over a thread navigating between threads and then resuming execution at any time Note If you wish to debug your multithreaded application with dbx you must include the 1thread option at link time If You Prefer a GUI Use the Debugger Should you favor a graphical interface to dbx try the debugger the Sun WorkShop Debugging window During program execution dbx obtains detailed information about program behavior and delivers this information to the debugger by a communications protocol You can debug more easily because you can enter most commands by clicking redefinable buttons in the GUI You can also edit your programs with your favorite editor from the debugger and minimize the need to change tools Fix and Continue With the Fix and Continue feature of the debugger you can modify source code recompile the file and continue program execution without leaving the debugger When you use this feature you eliminate relinking and reloading the program Runtime Checking Use Runtime Checking RTC to find elusive memory access violations and memory leaks in both single threaded and multithreaded applications With runtime checking you can det
20. ffers a compiler assembler and link editor Enhance the performance of your C programs with the following C Compiler features m Incremental linking Support for automatic and explicit parallelization of loops Ability to turn off specific warning messages Support for UltraSPARC code generation Year 2000 support 8 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 CHAPTER 3 Editing and Browsing Ease of editing and browsing are critical to efficient program development and maintenance With Sun WorkShop editors and the source browser you can navigate quickly through large bodies of code Choose Your Editor In Sun Visual WorkShop C you can write and edit source code more productively with your preferred editor XEmacs Emacs or vi Link to your source code line in the editor window to perform error and source browsing and referencing With these editors you can perform many development functions and share task information with the other components of Sun WorkShop Try Out the Source Browser Use the source browser to help you develop and maintain software systems especially large ones During the course of a programming project you might join a new programming team to enhance maintain or port code Before you become a productive team member you must fully understand the code that you will modify The source browser is a powerful tool for browsing large programs The source browser uses a What you see is w
21. hat you browse paradigm The source code you edit is the same source code the source browser uses in its searches Search for Patterns You can use the source browser in pattern search mode to search for regular expressions or simple text strings Pattern searching uses standard grep syntax to find all source lines that match the search string Search by Query You can the use source browser in source browser mode to issue queries A query instructs the source browser to locate all occurrences of definitions of uses of or assignments to the symbol string or search pattern you specify You then view the occurrences and surrounding source code Search Local or Network Files You can search and browse source files residing locally or on the network You can make global changes and pinpoint problem spots even on large distributed development projects Search Multiple Language Programs When you browse a program that uses more than one language in the implementation the source browser automatically determines the language in which each source file is written The browsing operations do not change from one language to another Experience Flexible Browsing You can use the source browser in either the Sun WorkShop Browsing window both modes or a command line environment source browsing mode only You can edit source code using your favorite editor within the source browser Use Static Analysis to Examine Source Code Use th
22. help and release notes Using the docs sun com Web site The docs sun com Web site enables you to access Sun technical documentation online You can browse the docs sun com archive or search for a specific book title or subject The URL is http docs sun com Accessing AnswerBook2 Collections The Sun WorkShop documentation is also available using AnswerBook2 software To access the AnswerBook2 collections your system administrator must have installed the AnswerBook2 documents during the installation process if the documents are not installed see your system administrator or Chapter 3 of Sun WorkShop Quick Install for installation instructions For information about accessing AnswerBook2 documents see Chapter 6 of Sun WorkShop Quick Install Solaris installation documentation or your system administrator x Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Note To access AnswerBook2 documents Solaris 2 5 1 users must first download AnswerBook2 documentation server software from a Sun Web page For more information see Chapter 6 of Sun WorkShop Quick Install Accessing HTML Documents The following Sun Workshop documents are available online only in HTML format Tools h Class Library Reference Tools h User s Guide Numerical Computation Guide Standard C Library User s Guide Standard C Class Library Reference Sun WorkShop Performance Library Reference Manual Sun WorkShop Visual User s Guide Sun WorkShop Memory M
23. ierarchy of widgets whose root widget has been designated a class When you create a definition its hierarchy is frozen and an icon that creates instances of the class is added to the widget palette Develop Across Platforms You can also use Sun WorkShop Visual to generate code for Microsoft Windows using Microsoft Foundation Classes Although the Motif and X toolkits are similar in appearance to the Microsoft Windows toolkit the use of the toolkits is very different Handle these differences in Sun WorkShop Visual using Windows mode Use Sun WorkShop Visual s color cuing to set restrictions on generating Microsoft Windows code for a design A design that conforms to the restrictions is said to be Windows compliant and C code can be generated for the Microsoft Foundation Classes Note This feature is available as an option Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 CHAPTER 6 Managing Source Code Large development projects require complex coordination of the work of many programmers using common and interdependent files Keeping track of the complex information under the Source Code Control System SCCS can be time consuming and frustrating The Sun WorkShop TeamWare source management tools provide a solution to this problem Extend the Sun WorkShop Compilers C and C language systems and Sun Visual WorkShop C products with Sun WorkShop TeamWare a suite of graphical tools for source code version control r
24. irectory hierarchy Usually all developers on a project work in their own workspace concurrently with other developers programming in other workspaces The Sun WorkShop TeamWare Configuring utility lets you intelligently copy files from workspace to workspace 26 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Index C C language 8 code automatic generation 20 browsing 9 reuse 7 20 code management tools 3 code reuse 19 Collector window 15 compiling C 2 6 cross platform development 20 D data gathering 15 dbx 13 debugging 13 E editors 5 9 experiment 15 F fault time 15 Fix and Continue 14 FreezePoint 23 FreezePointing tool 23 function sizes 15 G GUI building 3 GUI design 19 l I O time 15 idle time 15 L library Tools h 7 linking Incremental Link Editor 6 lock wait time 15 LockLint 17 LoopReport 17 LoopTool 17 makefile 5 memory management 7 Index 27 memory usage 15 merging files 22 Microsoft Foundation Classes MFC 20 milestones creating 23 module sizes 15 Motif 19 multiprocessing MP 16 multithreaded applications 16 multithreaded tools 2 17 multithreading MT 16 O optimization 7 P parallelism 2 performance data 14 performance tuning 15 programming environment 1 R recommended reading C 8 resource usage 15 Runtime Checking RTC 14 S Sampling Analyzer tool 15 segment sizes 15 sleep time 15
25. lication development time and increasing code reliability and quality Visually Design Your GUI Sun WorkShop Visual is an interactive tool that facilitates the development of a Motif or Microsoft Windows graphical user interface GUI You can see what the interface looks like and how it behaves while you are building it Create your user interface by clicking through a Motif widget hierarchy from an easily accessible icon palette and assembling the widgets in a construction area on your screen You can add custom and third party widgets to the palette as you need them and take advantage of existing code Some important Sun WorkShop Visual features are m A simple easy to use GUI designer m Layout and pixmap editors m Font and color choosers m Full access to the Motif API m Protection against invalid settings m Code generation for C C and UIL code m Extensible widget palette m Support for code reuse 20 Support for developing Microsoft Windows GUIs using Microsoft Foundation Classes available separately as an option Automatically Generate C and C Code When you have finished testing your user interface you can automatically generate highly portable code in traditional Kernighan and Ritchie K amp R C or standard ANSI C as well as structured code using C classes Reuse Code Use the structured code generation features of Sun WorkShop Visual to create reusable definitions and instances A definition is a h
26. lications In Figure 1 1 these tools are shown on the outside edge of the Sun WorkShop block The tasks these tools perform are shown inside the circle Employ these tools separately or in combination m A GUl based debugger that lets you run your programs in a controlled manner and inspect the state of a stopped program m Ananalyzer that measures records and helps you improve the performance of your application program m A source browser that helps you understand the hierarchy of your code and lets you search the code base m A file merging tool that loads and displays two text files side by side for easy comparison m A choice of three integrated editors XEmacs Emacs vi to write and alter code m A make utility that aids code compilation by automating and distributing compilation of source files that have changed Build High Performance Applications With Sun WorkShop Compiler C Sun WorkShop Compiler C helps you build high performance C applications with m Incremental linker i1d to reduce link time m Tools h 7 0 7 and 8 0 class libraries m Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor to solve memory problems The C language features offer improved support for the ISO C standard including m Standard C Library m Namespaces m Bool type m Koenig lookup m Mutable members m Typename m Template default parameters 2 Parallelize With Multithreaded Development Tools With multithreaded tools you can t
27. nal tools LockLint and LoopTool Find Inconsistent Lock Use With LockLint Use LockLint to do static analysis of the use of mutex and read write locks In searching for inconsistent lock use LockLint detects the most common causes of data races and deadlocks Analyze Loop Information Take advantage of LoopTool and LoopReport performance analysis tools used with the multiprocessing C and C compilers The compilers automatically parallelize loops when they determine that it is safe and profitable to do so With LoopTool you can m Browse parallel and sequential loops and view a graph of loop runtimes m View displays of performance data showing which loops were parallelized m Obtain compiler hints about why a loop was not parallelized m Go directly from the graphical display to the source code for any loop simplifying source code editing Use the LoopReport command line tool to create a summary table of all loop runtimes correlated with compiler hints about why a loop was not parallelized Chapter 4 Debugging and Tuning 17 18 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 CHAPTER 5 GUI Building User interface code can amount to seventy percent of your application s source code A significant portion of this code is considered standard all applications include something similar The graphical user interface builder in the Sun WorkShop environment generates this common code automatically significantly reducing app
28. ogram is using at any time Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor also has a web interface that allows remote debugging You can debug programs that exhibit memory problems in the field but cannot be reproduced in house Control Optimization Levels Take advantage of the wide range of options offered with Sun C compilers to manage code and application performance Specify the 0 option to optimize and improve the execution of your program Balance performance gain code size and compilation time through efficient use of 0 levels Reuse Code C class libraries are modular components of reusable code Use class libraries to integrate blocks of code that have been previously built and tested The C class libraries include Task library Complex library Standard C Library a a a m Multithreading compatible iostream library 1ibC Save Time With the Tools h Class Library Save programming time with Tools h the C foundation class library a set of classes that are useful for essentially any programming task Tools h includes m Full set of reusable classes m Full set of template classes Chapter 2 Building and Compiling 7 m Precondition checking for development time m Persistent store As a de facto industry standard Tools h has been included with a wide variety of compiler products Consequently Tools h is available on all UNIX platforms Enhance Performance With the C Compiler The C compilation system o
29. onitor User s Manual To access these HTML documents Open the following file through your HTML browser install directory SUNWspro D0C5 0 lib locale C html index html Replace install directory with the name of the directory where your Sun WorkShop software is installed the default is opt The browser displays an index of the HTML documents for the Sun WorkShop products that are installed Open a document in the index by clicking the documents title Accessing Sun WorkShop Online Help and Release Notes This release of Sun WorkShop includes an online help system as well as online manuals To find out more see m Online Help A help system containing extensive task oriented context sensitive help To access the help choose Help gt Help Contents Help menus are available in all Sun WorkShop windows m Release Notes The Release Notes contain general information about Sun WorkShop and specific information about software limitations and bugs To access the Release Notes choose Help Release Notes xi What Typographic Changes Mean The following table describes the typographic changes used in this book TABLE P 1 Typographic Conventions Typeface or Symbol Meaning Example AaBbCc123 The names of commands files and directories on screen computer output AaBbCc123 What you type contrasted with on screen computer output AaBbCc123 Command line placeholder replace with a real n
30. rches The identifier can be a variable name constant name or user defined type name A workspace to which multiple developers put back merge their work To produce a single version of a file from two conflicting files deltas Usually accomplished with the assistance of the Merging tool The Sun WorkShop TeamWare utility used to merge deltas during Resolve transactions The steps taken to make a program more efficient reliable and fast These Steps estimate the performance of a program identify the bottlenecks limiting performance and identify where the code spends most of its time An instruction to the source browser to find a specified symbol A tool used to examine performance data collected by the Sampling Collector The Sampling Analyzer processes the collected data into displays of your choice You then use these displays to examine the collected performance data Glossary 25 Sampling Collector A tool used to set up an application for performance data collection You can collect performance data on an application of your choice SCCS history file The file that contains a given file s delta history also referred to as an s dot file All SCCS history files must be located in a directory named SCCS which is located in the same directory as the g file Versioning The Sun WorkShop TeamWare utility that provides a graphical interface to SCCS workspace A specially designated but standard directory and its subd
31. re development process you might want to create freezepoints of your work at various key junctures These points serve as snapshots of the project that enable you to later recreate the state of the project at key development points The Freezepointing tool creates a file that registers all source files for a given software release Put Freezepointing to work to m Create a bill of materials for a workspace m Recreate prior versions of source files m Track and warn users of renamed files Chapter6 Managing Source Code 23 24 Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 Glossary AnswerBook browse Configuring experiment experiment record Freezepointing identifier integration workspace merge Merging performance tuning query Sampling Analyzer Online documentation tools that display this manual and most other Sun WorkShop manuals To inspect source code for all or selected occurrences of a symbol string constant or search pattern that you specify The Sun WorkShop TeamWare utility used to create and display workspace hierarchies The Configuring window is the main window of Sun WorkShop TeamWare A set of samples taken on the target application program The pointer file and hidden directory for an experiment The Sun WorkShop TeamWare utility used to make snapshots of workspaces or portions of them at important junctures or freezepoints A symbol for which the source browser sea
32. s that your programs are compiled from the newest sources After you initiate a program build in the Building window the build process reads the makefile for the program and executes the commands it finds there Use Building to expand the makefile rules and macros increase productivity and reduce errors Sun WorkShop Building gives you the following advantages over issuing make commands from the command line m Storage of high level makefile target names in a menu for easy access m Visual feedback about the progress of your build m Links from the build errors listed in the Building window that open the source files containing the errors in the text editor window m Dialog boxes for changing the make options makefile macros and environment variables passed into the build Sun WorkShop does not generate a makefile for you m A choice of three build modes a Execute one job at a time on the local host a Execute multiple build jobs concurrently on the local host a Execute multiple build jobs over several build servers 6 Improve Performance With the C Compiler Take advantage of the Sun C Compiler an optimizing native compiler that closely follows the emerging ANSI C language definition Make significant improvements in your program execution speed by using the variety of techniques the C compiler offers In addition to fast compilation and execution of program code the Sun WorkShop Compiler C gives you the following fe
33. untime checking are mutually exclusive processes You can perform only one or the other at a time The information you receive from tuning your application can be adversely affected if you try to perform runtime checking simultaneously Chapter 4 Debugging and Tuning 15 Focus on Problems Test your hypotheses about a program s behavior by focusing on the areas where performance problems occur To rebuild your programs with improved performance use the Sampling Analyzer to identify areas where you can improve ordering for loading functions into the program s address space In some cases the Sampling Analyzer can improve performance automatically by creating a mapfile that instructs the linker to remap functions in memory more efficiently Find Which Modules Do the Calling Performance analysis tools provide a range of analysis levels from simple timing of a command to a statement by statement analysis of a program While a flat profile can provide valuable data for performance improvements sometimes the data is not sufficient to point out exactly where improvements can be made You can obtain a more detailed analysis by using the call graph profile to identify which modules are called by other modules and which modules call other modules 16 Multiprocessing and Multithreading Multiprocessing MP is the hardware technology that supports tightly coupled multi CPU systems with shared memory Multiple CPUs provide more power to dri
34. ve application performance Multithreading MT is the software technology that enables the development of parallel applications whether on single or multiple processor systems Independent threads of execution can be scheduled on multiple CPUs in a multiprocessor system but they share resources such as memory and files allowing single applications to execute code in parallel Threads share resources synchronize and communicate with each other through the use of mutual exclusion mutex locks provided by the operating system Multiprocessing and multithreading together give you a scalable solution for higher application performance on the SPARC platform Take Advantage of Parallelism If your applications use parallelism use the new multiprocessing systems and multithreaded operating environments to improve performance responsiveness and flexibility With multithreading you can m Increase performance on multiprocessor systems Sun Visual WorkShop C Overview February 1999 m Increase performance on uniprocessor systems m Use resources more efficiently m Identify all known threads m Examine thread stack traces Speed Error Detection With Multithreaded Development Tools Use multithreaded development tools to extend the C compiler and multiprocessing C compiler for multiprocessing optimizations The multiprocessing multithreading toolset includes multithreaded extensions to the Sun WorkShop debugger and dbx and two additio
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search