QUANTUM IV - RJL Systems
Contents
1. m L RJL Systems introduces the Quantum IV SYSTEMS QUANTUM IV Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer USER S MANUAL RJL Systems 33939 Harper Avenue Clinton Township MI 48035 USA 800 528 4513 fax 586 790 0205 www rjlsystems com Manual Last Revised March 26 2010 Table of Contents About US RJL Systems yt hear EE IER dex A Echt System Kit Contents sos e EC RN Oe ERU RE EN ERE NES Overview of the Quantum IV ccuees secus ee xr E eaa alte rri a Rd Features of the Quantum IV rv IRR E ERE ers Understanding the Display Screen 0 ccc cece eeeee ee eee Understanding and Using the Main Menu sss Proper Care of the Analyzer and the Cables Subject Cables Information pesa e etes CA are e S denda Using the Test Resistor to Check the Analyzer and Cables Preparation for Subject Testing cesses Pre testing Protocol for the Subject ssssesesessss Performing the BIA Tests o edet RD qa ever ets Trouble Shooting Guide Lecce nennen RJL Warranty Information ost Rer TR Edna tes 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 About Us RJL Systems RJL SYSTEMS WAS THE FIRST COMPANY TO DEVELOP THE USE OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS BIA TO ASSESS HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION BY ENGINEERING THE GOLD STANDARD OF BIA INSTRUMENTS IN 1981 RJL ANALYZERS PROVIDE BIA MEASUREMENTS FO2. ON OFF buttons Features of the Quantum IV Pressing the on button Turns the analyzer ON The internal Lithium Ion rechargeable batteries are now powering the instrument Doubles as an ENTER key when choosing menu options on the display or entering various changes within the options Further explanations of the ENTER functions are in this manual Pressing the off button UP DOWN buttons Lithium ion batteries Instructs Analyzer to go into Sleep Mode if desired although not necessary If in Sleep Mode the Quantum IV will automatically turn itself off after one minute in order to conserve battery strength If cables are disconnected from the electrodes on the subject test resistor or analyzer the unit will also automatically turn itself off The UP and DOWN buttons are used to navigate various input fields within the menu options and scroll up and down the Quantum IV display to view selections Please note that the display shows four lines at one time More information may appear if you scroll down There are two 800 milliamp hour re chargeable lithium ion batteries in the Quantum IV The internal battery management system keeps them from being over or under charged Electronic fuses will disconnect the batteries from the circuit before any harm is done to the batteries should the battery management system fail Fully charged lithium ion batteries will maintain their charge to 80 percent after on
3. clips from cables tagged as FOOT to the wire on other side of the resistor with red clip next to the resistor 6 Do NOT hold the test resistor during testing lay it on flat surface or hold the leads and let the test resistor dangle instead Ww Connecting the leads to the test resistor Acceptable 500 Ohm Resistance Test Resistor 495 0 to 505 0 guum Ohm Acceptable Reactance 003 0 to 003 0 3 Test resistor is located in a plastic test tube supplied with all RJL BIA analyzers Warning Excessive pulling tugging 2 Test the analyzer coke Rad pisce sa cable may cause wires to break Resistance measurement acceptable range is 495 0 to 505 0 ohms 500 0 is ideal Reactance measurement acceptable range is 003 0 to 003 0 ohms 0 Is ideal Readings within these ranges indicate the Analyzer is in good working order 3 Test the cables Leave all clips attached to the test resistor and set the analyzer down Flex the cables almost any type of flexing movement of the cable will work starting at one end of the cable continuing along the entire length of the cable While doing this watch the Resistance value on the display No changes in the readings Cables are in good working order Slight changes within 2 ohms Cables are acceptable for testing Major changes exceeding 2 ohms Cables are indicating problems broken
4. condition Damaged cables can cause erratic test results resistance and reactance numbers that don t look right or are jumping around If the wires inside the cables are broken they cannot be fixed The cables will need to be replaced Test Resistors are supplied with every Analyzer cables can be tested before BIA testing is done RJL Systems will supply additional Test Resistors at no charge other than a shipping fee Replacement cables can be purchased from RJL and shipped via overnight delivery if necessary It is a good idea to purchase a spare set of subject cables and keep them in storage to prevent damaged cables from making the analyzer unusable How do I avoid damaging the cables Handle cables gently Don t fold them use rubber bands around them tie them in knots step on them roll over them with furniture pull on them etc Store them loosely coiled in the protective zippered pouch provided in the Analyzer kit Disconnect the cables from the analyzer by gently pulling on the connector that plugs into the analyzer Do not pull on the cables themselves Do not immerse the cables in liquids if electrode residue or other grime accumulates on the cables or clips clean them with a cloth moistened with rubbing alcohol For general cleaning we recommend a solution of 1 part hydrogen peroxide to 4 parts water Dip a clean cloth into the solution and gently swipe the cables and clean the clips How often should cabl
5. protective pouch provided Liquids Keep liquids away from the Analyzer spills or immersion in fluids can permanently damage the sensitive electronic components Damage by immersion in liquids is NOT covered by warranty Storing For optimum protection store the equipment in the carrying case provided by RJL it is airtight watertight and dust proof Temperature If the Analyzer is exposed to cold temperature and brought into a warmer temperature allow any condensation on the instrument to dry before testing As a general rule exposure to cold or hot temperatures does not cause damage or erratic test results however condensation can impair testing performance Testing the analyzer and cables Test the equipment occasionally see page 13 for more information Transporting shipping The RJL carrying case was designed to protect the Analyzers and accessories while being transported or shipped If the equipment is being shipped pack the carrying case in an appropriate shipping container mailing labels may not adhere well to the textured plastic surface of the case 1 Subject cables information Attaching and disconnecting the cables Always grasp the gray plastic connector hood to connect AND disconnect cables from the Quantum IV to avoid damage to the cable s internal wires Why is testing subject cables important Subject cables will last a long time if used and stored properly testing assures they are in good
6. wires etc and should be replaced Contact RJL Systems to order a new set If either test fails or you have questions about the results please call RJL Systems Technical Support Note Have your readings available or be prepared to run the test s again while an RJL technician is assisting you on the phone 13 Preparation for subject testing What to discuss with subject prior to testing Subjects who do not adhere to the pre testing protocols Failure to adhere to the pre testing protocols described on the next page could alter the way the body interacts with the electrical signal of the BIA This could alter the body s resistance and reactance which would result in altered body composition estimates produced by the software If an individual is unable to adhere to the pre testing protocols they should be as consistent as possible from test to test If they always do the same things before being tested they should have the same effects on the body s electrical properties As a result while all of the estimated results would be offset from their actual values the amount of offset should be consistent This means that you would still be able to track upward and downward trends in their body composition Pregnancy The FDA recommends against BIA testing on pregnant women because any possible effects on the fetus are still unknown by the FDA at this time In addition BIA testing would not be able to distinguish between the mother fe
7. R USERS AROUND THE WORLD THEY ARE RECOGNIZED AS RESEARCH QUALITY BECAUSE OF THEIR REPUTATION FOR ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY RJL has registered patents on our instruments trademarks and copyrights on our software and papers Customers are buying products directly from the company that develops engineers and manufactures the analyzers NOT a third party vendor or distributor RJL s Quantum Analyzers have FDA clearance as a Class II medical device for safe use on the human body to collect BIA data RJL is registered with the FDA as a Medical Device Manufacturer Registration No 1831675 The Quantum IV BIA System and accompanying software are marketed under the following FDA clearances K830292C K862383 and K070999 As of May 29 2008 RJL Systems was registered as an ISO 9001 2000 company and is ISO 13485 compliant RJL instruments go through a rigorous testing calibration and inspection process that complies with ISO standards Conformity of products and services to International Standards provides assurance about overall product quality safety reliability and accuracy Any questions or technical support needed regarding our products will be handled by the professionals who designed and built the analyzers and the related software The Company s 30 years of engineering expertise and knowledge in BIA science make it uniquely qualified to provide custom made instruments of any size or scope If you sign up for the e mail newsl
8. T Follow instructions on preparation for testing before any testing is done Attach the subject cable to the back of Analyzer Attach the electrodes as illustrated above place the clips of the cables on the non adhesive TAB of the electrode Helpful hint The red clips are always placed closest to the heart HAND leads black clip on finger red clip at wrist FOOT leads black clip by toe red clip at ankle Ask subject being tested to remain motionless while testing is done Turn the Analyzer ON Once the values have stabilized record the resistance and reactance numbers if analyzer is not connected to a PC via the USB port cable Detach the clips and gently remove the electrodes being careful to not injure the skin Use BC software for analysis and printing reports Please note If test results seem unusual or inaccurate refer to page 17 for possible troubleshooting advice or call RJL Systems Technical Support for assistance 16 Troubleshooting Guide Possible causes of strange test results or erratic resistance reactance display A malfunctioning analyzer or broken damaged subject cables see Using the Test Resistor to Test Analyzer Cables page 13 Expired electrodes RJL electrodes have an average shelf life of approximately 15 months Check expiration date on the back of the packaging If electrodes are gooey from heat exposure dry or smell funny do not use them They
9. Therefore the instrument can be used in desert arctic and high altitude studies without concern of degrading accuracy and reliability USB communications As new features are developed for the Quantum IV the USB port can be used to install upgraded firmware The latest firmware version can always be downloaded from the RJL Systems website at http www rjlsystems com support updates q4 The BC body composition analysis program can retrieve resistance and reactance values from the Quantum IV safely while the subject is being tested and the USB cable is connected to the user s computer Understanding the display screen When the Quantum IV 1s turned ON this is what happens About After the Quantum IV has initialized this screen will appear This screen displays the name of the analyzer and the version of the firmware program running on it If you ever have to call for support you will be asked for this information This screen is displayed only for a few seconds before displaying the BIA readings You may press ON to go to the main menu instead BIA Readings After a few seconds the analyzer will switch to the BIA Readings screen If the subject cables are connected to both the Quantum IV and the test subject the actual measured electrical properties will be displayed Press ON to go to the main menu If this message displays instead of the BIA readings either the subject cables are not attached to the analyzer or one o
10. akes Depending on the proficiency of the technician the actual test can take less than a minute BIA analysis can be performed and results printed out afterwards if technician has access to computer and printer 4 Pre testing protocol for the subject Explain testing procedures to the subject and address any questions or concerns prior to testing Name gender age height weight and side of body being tested should be recorded If exceptions to Testing Protocol are evident i e subject tested sitting up due to wheelchair use record the exception in the database record in the comment field and test that individual in consistent manner every time Testing area should be comfortable and free of drafts The subject should ideally be tested laying down The exam table surface must be non conductive not metal and be large enough for the person to lay down flat legs not in contact with each other and the arms at approximately a 30 degree angle to the body The legs should be separated and the arm being tested should be away from the body The goal is to avoid skin to skin contact between the thighs and between the arm and the body If this can not be achieved use clean dry towels or sheets to provide a non conductive barrier The subject should not be damp from sweating have a fever be in shock or feel cold chilled Wipe area where electrodes will be placed with an alcohol swab if lotion has been used or subject has very dry oily sk
11. can cause unusual readings if not adhering to skin properly Cable clips placed on electrodes incorrectly or in reversed order see Performing the BIA Test page 16 Do not reuse electrodes Discard the used electrodes after each test Equipment issues Analyzer keeps shutting itself off Most likely the battery is weak and needs re charging The analyzer will shut itself off after 10 seconds if battery is low The analyzer will also turn itself off if the idle timeout is exceeded Testing protocol Subject is laying on a conductive metal table while testing see Pre Testing Protocols page 15 Subject has very dry oily skin or has used lotion where electrodes are placed Use an alcohol swab to clean the area s let dry and use fresh electrodes Technician did not get accurate pre test information from the subject or neglected to ask about issues that may affect testing like metal implants Subjects Subject did not follow pre testing protocol and or subject did not provide accurate information to technician see Pre Testing Protocols page 15 Testing when the protocols have not been followed can cause inaccuracies in the estimated body composition results However if the deviations from the protocol are going to be consistent with every test the impact of those deviations will be consistent as well Data entry errors Gender entered incorrectly male vs female Numbers transposed 158 vs 185 Height entered as f
12. conds and turn itself off see page 9 Cleaning amp sanitizing analyzer amp cables 1 Make a solution of one part Hydrogen Peroxide to four parts water Dampen a clean cloth with the solution and gently wipe the cables and the exterior of Analyzer s plastic casing as needed 2 Never immerse cables or Analyzer into any liquid cleaning solution or use spray on cleaners 3 Ifan environmental hazardous material incident occurs Haz Mat Protocol at the site would determine exposure levels and if sterilizing all surfaces is mandated There is no known method of adequately sterilizing the cables or Analyzer that would not cause damage to the units If equipment was stored in the airtight RJL carrying case that may minimize the exposure Disassembly of the analyzer Never remove the protective plastic enclosure of the Analyzer Doing so can damage the static sensitive electronic components inside and will void any existing RJL warranty Handling Handle the Analyzer carefully The Analyzer can be damaged by rough handling i e shaking or being dropped The cables can be damaged if stepped on crushed tied in knots pulled on etc Always use caution when connecting and disconnecting them Never try to yank the cables off the back of the Analyzer always disconnect them by grasping and pulling on the connector that attaches the cables to the back of the unit Do not use rubber bands to gather up the cables keep them loosely coiled in the
13. e year in storage at room temperature If the Quantum IV is not being used it should be charged fully every 6 months or it may be left continuously charging Continuous charging will not harm the batteries Please Note If the battery is LOW the analyzer will display a warning for 10 seconds and turn itself off to avoid faulty test results see page 9 Battery charger The Quantum IV has a 12 volt international battery charger which accepts 100 250 VAC It connects to the same jack on the Quantum IV so the analyzer can not be use to perform tests while it is charging An indicator light is located on the rear panel of the instrument that displays battery charging status When the light is yellow the batteries are being charged the light is green when the batteries are fully charged and maintained on the charger If there is no light at all the Quantum IV is either not connected to the charger or the charger is unplugged An optional solar panel that folds up for travel is available for environments in which electric power is not available e CHARGING Quantum IV rear panel USB port subject and charger input connector with battery charging status indicator Environment temperature The Quantum IV is designed to greatly reduce the effects of hot and cold environment temperatures on the test measurements There is less than a one percent change of full scale resistance and reactance from 20 to 60 degrees centigrade
14. eet and inches instead of actual inches 5 6 listed as 56 instead of 66 Height or weight entered as English units when the software is set is for Metric or vice versa Testing results for an individual entered in incorrect existing similar name patient record Cannot find prior test record for subject check if record is in a different database 1f multiple databases are set up Also check for misspellings of the subject s name Wrong equation set used i e pediatric equations used on an adult cp RJL Warranty information RJL warrants its Bioelectrical Impedance Equipment against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of twelve 12 months from the date of shipment if the Equipment is in the possession of the original user and has been subject to normal operating conditions RJL will at its option repair or replace FOB its factory in Clinton Township Michigan any Equipment which upon its examination is determined to be defective in workmanship or materials RJL s determination shall be final RJL assumes no responsibility for reimbursing Customer for repair or replacement costs incurred without RJL s prior authorization RJL warrants that its Software will confirm to its Software description applicable at the time of order for a period of twelve months from the date of shipment if the Software is in the possession of the original user and has been subject to normal operating conditions RJL will at it
15. en displayed for one minute or if any other screen has been displayed for 15 minutes with no button presses Use the arrows and press ON to select which timeout to change and then use the arrows and press ON again to select the new value for that timeout Select Exit to return to the main menu Smoothing To make the values on the BIA Readings screen more stable increase the number of samples being smoothed together If you are trying to measure rapid changes in resistance and reactance reduce the number of samples being smoothed 10 Status Budust Auto OFF Smoothing System Status Battery Status OK System Teme v3 2 F Subdect Connected Adjust Idle Timeouts Subject Connected isl minutes Sub Disconnected l minutes Exit Curre ntis Smoothing B ol samples Change Exit Proper care of the analyzer and cables RJL analyzers are built to last Many RJL instruments built over 20 years ago are still being used today The instruments we design and build are subjected to our rigorous quality assurance testing procedures Like all sensitive electronic instruments proper care and handling will minimize the risk of damage Batteries 1 Keep the lithium ion batteries charged to avoid delays in testing Keeping the analyzer connected to the battery charger when not in use will not harm the unit 2 Ifbattery is low the analyzer will display a message for 10 se
16. es be tested If testing protocols do not dictate how often testing needs to be done in order to validate BIA data testing intervals can depend on numerous factors As a practical guideline test the cables if they are were possibly subjected to improper handling were stored away or exterior damage to cable or clips is evident If there is a heavy testing period scheduled i e a health fair research study or if instruments will be used while traveling it s a good idea to test the cables in advance so if needed new ones can be ordered and received in a timely manner If different technicians use the same analyzer it is a good idea to test them often Testing does not damage the analyzer or cables test the cables as often as needed 12 Using the test resistor to check the analyzer and cables 1 Connect the cables to analyzer amp test resistor 1 Turn the analyzer ON and allow a few seconds for it to initialize If the battery is low a message will display and the analyzer will turn itself off after 10 seconds The analyzer MUST be charged before the test can be performed 2 Attach the cables to the analyzer Remove the test resistor from its protective storage tube 4 The test resistor looks like a capsule with a wire coming out of each end Connect the two clips from cables tagged as HAND to one side of wire doesn t matter which side with red clip next to the resistor as shown on diagram below 5 Connect the two
17. etter via website you will receive information on interesting new developments in the field of BIA science and or RJL products All RJL products come with a warranty and continued technical and product support Quantum IV System Kit Contents Quantum IV Analyzer Subject cables with protective pouch Test resistor in protective plastic tube and laminated How To cable testing card Two 2 Stay Fresh Packs of electrodes 400 total electrodes Quantum IV User s Manual BC Body Composition Software User s Manual and CDROM Laminated electrode placement card and test procedure quick reference Carrying Case PLEASE NOTE The BC software disc is located inside the rear cover of the BC manual 5 Overview of the Quantum IV Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer The Quantum IV is extremely accurate and easy to use with an enclosure that has a comfortable curved ergonomic design The internal lithium ion rechargeable batteries can be recharged using either the included AC adapter or an optional foldable solar panel The Quantum IV precisely measures resistance and reactance at 50 KHz The firmware of the Quantum IV can easily be upgraded from a PC through the built in USB port BC software is included with the Quantum IV Resistance and reactance data from the instrument can be either manually entered into BC or automatically retrieved using the USB port interface while connected to a human subject
18. f the repair service must be paid in full before the unit is shipped back to the customer If repairing the Analyzer is not cost effective RJL Systems will provide assistance with selecting a new unit if customer wishes to purchase a replacement RJL Systems Service policy guarantees the repair for up to one year Shipping instructions Write the RMA number on the outside of the shipping box ALWAYS include the subject cables with the shipment so entire system can be evaluated Place the Analyzer in its protective carrying case and then pack it into a shipping container Shipping labels may not adhere well to the textured plastic surface of the carrying case We suggest placing identifying papers letterhead business card etc inside the case with the instrument This will ensure that the shipper can trace the origin of the package in the rare instance that damage to the container or it s shipping label occurs 19 APPENDIX 20
19. in Use of alcohol skin swabs is recommended at electrode sites for general hygiene purposes as well The subject should avoid moving during testing If testing is being done at regular intervals with the same subject always ask subject if any changes have occurred such as pregnancy or surgical implants or if there have been any significant changes of their daily routine especially compared to the date of the previous test Strenuous exercise or saunas within 8 hours of testing is not recommended as both activities can affect hydration levels Refrain from drinking alcohol for 12 hours prior to testing also a hydration issue Jewelry on the arms ankles and body i e bracelets watches dangling necklaces and chains should be removed from side being tested Earrings and rings are okay to leave on Shoes socks or nylons on the side used for testing should be removed Eating food or drinking fluids prior to testing will not affect the test results if taken in moderate amounts 15 hor Ne 4 3 Performing the BIA test Signal injection Right Foot electrode Detecting electrode edge is placed on an imaginary line bisecting the medial malleolus bore on the big toe zide of ankle Signal injection electrode HAND label Detecting electrode on lead set edge is placed on an imaginary line bisecting FOOT label the ulnar head bone on the on lead set little finger side of the wrist IMPORTAN
20. protective packing to RJL Systems RJL Systems will pay for the return shipping expense What is not covered Accessories are not covered under this warranty Warranty terms do not apply if repairs replacement are needed due to customer using the device improperly physical damage caused by neglect abuse or if instrument is disassembled by the customer For Analyzers not purchased directly from RJL Systems contact your service provider for further information 18 If the Analyzer is not working properly please contact RJL Systems Service Department for assistance before shipping the unit back for diagnostic evaluation If problem cannot be resolved over the phone a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA number will be issued If repair is needed RJL Systems requires that an RMA be issued prior to shipping a unit to us for diagnostic evaluation RJL Systems cannot assume any responsibility for instruments sent without prior authorization Customer is responsible for all shipping costs including insurance if desired both to and from RJL Systems If the Analyzer is a discontinued model RJL Systems will advise if repair parts for the unit can still be obtained and at what cost After RJL Systems receives and performs a diagnostic evaluation on the unit we will contact the customer with a repair estimate labor and parts before proceeding with service The customer must agree to these costs before any work begins Cost o
21. r more clips is disconnected from the subject The Quantum IV will automatically turn itself off sooner if it is left on with this message displayed than any other screen Press ON to go to the main menu Please Note If the analyzer s battery power is low When the batteries charge is low enough to possibly affect the accuracy of the resistance and reactance readings this message is displayed The Quantum IV will not respond to any button presses except OFF and will not display any readings until the battery has been charged RIL Systems Huantun l Firmware Verzion Hr Bus H3 12 26 26 Resistance S1T H Reactance 54 H Impedance 1515 5 Fhase Anale amp H The Subject Cables Are Disconnected The Batter 4 is Lou Automatic Shutdown in 18 Seconds Navigating the Program on the Quantum IV Main Menu To reach the main menu from most screens press the ON button From a form select Exit to get to the main menu Use the UP and DOWN buttons to move the cursor and press ON to select a screen to display The BIA Readings and About screens were introduced on page 9 The remaining screens are described below System status This screen shows system health information and whether or not the subject is connected Press ON to return to the main menu Adjust idle timeouts The analyzer defaults to turning itself after the subject disconnected message has be
22. s option confirm or replace FOB its factory in Clinton Township Michigan the Software that upon its examination is determined to be defective RJL s determination shall be final In the event RJL shall give written notice to Customer of any updated or revised software material and Customer fails to forthwith use the same RJL shall be released from any and all liability related to or resulting from Customer s disregard of such notice THE WARRANTIES STATED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND COMPRISE RJL S SOLE AND ENTIRE WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITITES IN CONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE SOLD AND LICENSED HEREUNDER AND ARE IN LIEU OF AND EXCULDE ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW OR OTHERWISE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMTED TO WARRANTIES OR MERCHANT ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Limitation of liability RJL SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL ECONOMIC OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OR WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED CUSTOMER S SOLE REMEDY FOR ANY SUCH BREACH OF WARRANTY SHALL BE THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE EQUIPMENT OR SOFTWARE How to make a warranty claim The customer should notify RJL of a warranty claim at 800 528 4513 Please provide the model and serial numbers of the unit date of purchase warranty period and description of the defect If RJL requests the Customer will at its own expense deliver the equipment in appropriately
23. tus and amniotic fluids Implanted electronic devices Testing should be avoided on a subject with implanted electronic devices such as pacemakers or cardiac defibrillator ICD s BIA Analyzers introduce a small amount of alternating AC current into the body that may interfere with such devices Metal surgical implants Test results may not be accurate on subjects with surgically implanted metals such as pins rods or joint replacements If these metals are present on only one side of the body use the other side when testing Amputated limbs BIA testing on subjects with amputated limbs may be performed if amputation is on one side of the body use the other side for testing The prediction equations used by the BC software assume that the person has not had either an arm or leg amputated Expect the possibility the data cannot be accurately analyzed using BC software Diagnostics treatments BIA testing is not intended to diagnose a disease or treat a medical condition Subject s failure to follow pre testing protocols Failure may result in inaccurate readings Emphasize the importance of following protocols in order to provide accurate and useful BIA analysis Risk of electrical shock Subject will not feel an electrical shock when tested the amount of current is very small RJL Analyzers have isolation transformers that prevent any harmful current from being exposed to the subject while being tested Testing how long it t
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