Procedure for applying Shade-a-lator v8.0.5 and 8.0.8
Contents
1. USGS LiDAR for various areas in the U S http earthexplorer usgs gov Open Topography limited areas in Oregon http opentopo sdsc edu gridsphere gridsphere ci d datasets NOAA s Digital Coast Viewer for DEMs including LIDAR imagery landcover and socioeconomic data http www csc noaa gov dataviewer Map 2008 of LiDAR data availability across Oregon http www blm gov or gis Ttiles LiIDAR map 11210 8 pdf If you download an LAS based LiDAR file follow the steps below to create first return and bare earth raster files 1 Create an LAS dataset with statistics 2 Filter ground returns in the LAS dataset layer properties and use the LAS Dataset to Raster to create a bare earth DEM raster Re filter for non ground returns in the LAS dataset layer properties and use the LAS Dataset to Raster to create a first return raster The following steps will get data layers described above into the proper format for processing in TTools 1 Digitize river banks and stream centerline a Create an empty line shapefile in ArcCatalog load it into ArcMap and start an editing session b Delineate the right bank left bank and stream centerline based on the direction of stream flow as shown in Figure 1 Use Left Channel Edge a Right Channel Edge Figure 1 Channel Width Sampling from Digitized Channel Edges at Each Stream Data Node Nodes will be created in TTools Step 1 Google Earth Bing2. left distance iii Calculate elevation iv Sample topography by searching for topographic features and v Sample Vegetation You will run TTools twice first using the current vegetation and again using the future vegetation The outputs will be used to run Shade a lator To start using TTools simply open the ArcMap document within the downloaded TTools folder Select the TTools icon in the toolbar to initiate each of the 5 steps below The following procedure will follow the exact steps seen when running TTools E Stream 1 S t C te A t egment Calculate Aspec 7 Aspect Using the digitized stream centerline feature i 99 TTools will segment the centerline and calculate aspect at each segment node a Load the centerline file ensure that the projection and the stream direction are correct and that the Stream Aspect 40 Figure 2 Illustration showing how the stream aspect is calculated at 4 each node in TTools step 1 Illustration from Oregon DEQ Heat Source Version 7 User s Manual stream centerline arrow is at the mouth of the river b Define the node distance 25 meters This process will create a centerline point layer which is a point shapefile with points separated by this distance Name the output shapefile making sure there are no spaces in the file name centerline_nodes If the last node is unevenly spaced compared to the rest delete the last node The rest of the steps will
3. 5 Double click on heatsource 8 0 0 RC1 win32 exe and follow installation instructions lll Run Shade a lator TTools outputs are exported from ArcGIS and moved into the Heat Source spreadsheet in order to run Shade a lator To run the Heat Source model in Excel the installation instructions must be followed in the order listed above A Pre Processing After Steps 1 5 TTools have been run for both the current and future vegetation conditions ensure that you have all the necessary fields and columns populated and export the tables for use in the Shade a lator calculator 1 There will be many more fields than you need for the Shade a lator calculator it is helpful to make the fields you will not need invisible Go to Properties gt Fields in the newly created centerline node layer and uncheck all but the following fields STREAM KM ASPECT All Veg Veg1_SE Veg1 S LONGDD CHAN_WID ect LATDD RIGHTDIST Veg Elev ELEV_V1_NE TOPO W LEFTDIST ELEV_V2_NE ect TOPO S ELEVATION TOPO E GRADIENT 2 Open the attribute table and check to make sure the fields you checked are visible This will be the data that is exported when converting the table to Excel 3 To export the table to a dbf go to Options gt Export and name the output table 4 Open the dbf tables in Excel and save as xls 5 Clean up Excel data a Reverse the sorting order STREAM_KM of the records so it starts upstream and the l
4. manual e Distance between Samples meters 8 This step will produce a series of additional fields and populate the records Veg Elev ELEV_V1_NE ELEV_V2_NE ect Veg Veg1 SE Veg1 S ect Repeat steps 1 5 in TTools with the future vegetation canopy raster layer using the same parameters as current conditions Installing Heat Source Shade a lator in Heat Source Version 8 0 8 requires the installation of python 2 5 2 or greater python Win32com and the Heat Source executable These executables are bundled with the Heat Source version 8 download and must be installed before running the model Python pysco 1 63 which is also included in the download is an optional installation and is not required to run Heat Source version 8 We recommend that python pysco be installed because it optimizes the code and improves model run times All of these executables may be downloaded for free from the internet from their respective websites http www python org https sourceforge net projects pywin32 http psyco sourceforge net Shade a lator version 8 0 8 also requires Excel 2002 or 2007 Installation instructions 1 Open the folder install_ executables 2 Double click on python 2 5 2 msi and follow installation instructions 3 Double click on pywin32 210 win32 py2 5 exe and follow installation instructions 4 Optional Double click on psyco 1 6 win32 py25 exe and follow installation instructions
5. Layout Preview Views Screen Selection Window All Panes Unhide Reset Window Position workspace Windows v Workbook Views Show Zoom Window Macros c14 fe 3 Boundary Condition Continuous Data Stream Relative Continuous Notes Temperature Cloudiness Wind Speed Humidity 0 4 Continuous Data Node Locational Information optional Node optional Stream km Date Time Flow cms 7C 0 1 m s 1 5 1 middle 0 40 10 1 11 0 00 6 10 1 11 1 00 T 10 1 11 2 00 8 10 1 11 3 00 9 10 1 11 4 00 10 10 1 11 5 00 11 10 1 11 6 00 1 1041 FAN Figure 4 Continuous Data worksheet for Heat Source model 7 Errors are relatively common when first setting up Heat Source and running Shade a lator If you encounter errors refer to the Troubleshooting tips and resources below 8 Run the model Run gt Shade a lator only Figure 6 This will produce a txt file within the output folder created on the desktop Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data R amp About Heat Source Setup Run O Stop Model a Run Model Custom Tooli amp Hydraulics Only i c14 e Figure 6 Heat Source Toolbar Run Shade a lator Only 10 9 Import txt file into Excel 10 Create a new Excel workbook with four tabs The first tab provides basic project information The next two tabs will be used to hold the output data from the two runs of Shade a lator Output is reported as hourly averages of sola
6. Maps or other images as available to better view the shore from different viewpoints for better accuracy during the digitizing process Banks should be defined as they will be at base flow conditions typically shown in late summer or early fall Where orthophotos or other images depicting this are not available contact the land manager or someone familiar with the site to be sure those conditions are accurately represented 2 Create canopy layer for the current vegetation in one of the following ways With LIDAR Use Raster Calculator to create a canopy layer A layer representing canopy height can be derived by subtracting the bare earth Raster2 from the highest hit Raster1 to create the canopy raster layer To subtract the raster layers turn on Spatial Analyst Toolbar in ArcMap and open Raster Calculator and enter the following equation Minus Raster1 Raster2 and hit the Ok button Without LIDAR Digitize current vegetation manually In ArcCatalog create an empty polygon shapefile in the same projection as all other layers Load the shapefile you just created into ArcMap and start an editing session for the digitizing process Create polygons for each distinct plant community based on the orthophoto and familiarity with the site Attribute each polygon with the height of dominant vegetation using the field calculator or enter the value directly into the attribute table while
7. condition from those of the baseline condition The difference between the two values is the shade potential of the restored riparian forest at each node Sum all these values to get the total difference in solar loading between the baseline and future conditions This is shade potential of the proposed riparian forest restoration actions TIPS SUBMITTING CREDIT CALCUALTIONS TO WILLAMETTE PARTNERSHIP For users that are generating shade for water quality temperature credits under the Willamette Partnership Ecosystem Credit Accounting System the credit calculation is submitted via the Ecosystem Crediting Platform ECP When the user is satisfied that the model was run correctly on scenarios that match intended or as built restoration designs The following materials should be uploaded to the project on the ECP v HeatSource workbooks for baseline and future conditions v Excel workbook containing data from the SR4 for baseline and future conditions and comparison of the scenarios for a final value of shade potential converted to Kilocalories day as shown in example workbook Data layers and features used in TTools LIDAR bare earth or other DEM O o LIDAR first return or digitized current vegetation O Digitized planting plan o Digitized stream banks stream centerline The ECP can handle large file sizes but please contact Willamette Partnership if you encounter trouble loading files and need to transmit files in another way To
8. in an editing session Vector to Raster Convert the existing vegetation polygon layer to raster using the same cell size as the DEM LIDAR ArcToolbox gt Conversion Tools gt To Raster gt Polygon to Raster 3 Create canopy layer for future vegetation Repeat the process described in 2 Without LIDAR using the planting plan instead of the orthophoto TIPS FORMATTING and DATA STORAGE a Delineate and digitize the planting plan Delineate areas that are anticipated to have similar vegetation communities at project maturity and attribute those polygons with the anticipated height of the dominant vegetative strata For most restoration projects this will be the overstory tree species 4 Merge current vegetation raster layer with the future vegetation polygon layer a Vector to Raster Convert existing without LIDAR and future vegetation polygon layer to raster using the same cell size as the DEM LIDAR e Naming Convention Be consistent when naming files For files used in GIS make sure there are no spaces and keep the name short Format When digitizing features in GIS use Shapefiles which are compatible with TTools not a Feature Class within a Geodatabase Data Storage House all of your GIS datasets HeatSource model and model outputs on a local drive versus a file server or network drive Projection generally a derivation of Lambert Conformal Conic ArcToolbox gt Conversion Tools
9. of solar loading on the properly Stream akeach node Create a new row Ensure that no other Excel files are open when just below the one that indicates the you run the model position in km of each node Use the Set Excel to run in XP compatibility mode and AVERAGE function to calculate the rerun Heatsource Heatsource may generate a average the values of each column and readable message identifying your source of error store then in this row ex For additional information on the stream processes AVERAGE D5 D748 digitizing in GIS and model operations refer to the User s Manual published for a previous version 12 Use instructions in the workbook to Stes aoura ar a eae na paste and transpose these values into httpo www deq state or us wa tmdls docs tools the Credit Calculation tab heatsourcemanual pdf 13 Repeat Steps 1 10 to run Heat Source model for the future riparian vegetation conditions and paste data into the third or Future tab 11 14 15 16 17 Repeat Step 12 for the future condition making sure to arrange the data consistently with the baseline data Use instructions in the example workbook to import the wetted width for each node and convert Solar Flux W m2 to Solar Load Kilocalories Day Conversion factors are supplied in the example workbook and embedded in the example workbook cells Create a column in the Credit Calculation tab to subtract average loading values for the future
10. populate the attribute of this feature The attribute table of the newly created point layer will contain a number of fields The only ones that should be populated after TIPS CHECK YOURSELF Step 1 are the following Each step of TTools should populate new LENGTH LATDD fields in the attribute table of the STREAM KM ASPECT centerline point layer After each step LONGDD it s a good idea to open the table to be 2 Measure Channel Widths sure the right fields are being populated l l If fields are not being populated Using the Stream centerline point layer centerline _nodes consider checking that you have the right bank and left bank polyline Step 2 will measure the l l correct system requirements and that channel widths at each segment node This step will populate u a the following fields input files are in the proper format CHAN_WID channel width RIGHTDIST right distance distance from centerline to right bank LEFTDIST left distance distance from centerline to left bank 3 Elevation Use the following inputs to determine stream elevation and gradient based on the DEM bare earth e Elevation Correction Method 9 Cell Sample e Stream Centerline Point Layer Select the centerline nodes point shapefile e Elevation Layer Select the DEM raster layer bare earth e Elevation Units Feet Step three will populate the ELEVATION and GRADIENT attribute fields 4 Sample T
11. P DAN Ecosystem Credit Accounting System x finu Last updated March 20 2014 For questions or comments contact us at info willamettepartnership org Protocol for Quantifying Thermal Benefits of Riparian Shade Credit Calculation using Shade a lator in HeatSource Version 8 0 5 or 8 0 8 The Shade a lator model contained in HeatSource Version 8 0 8 Shade a lator is an approved metric for calculating Water Quality Temperature Credits in the Willamette Partnership s Ecosystem Credit Accounting System Shade a lator was developed by Oregon s Department of Environmental Quality DEQ to calculate thermal load reductions or shade potential in kcal day from riparian shade restoration projects The assessment s spatial unit is a stream reach whose upstream downstream boundaries are defined by the user and whose lateral boundaries extend outward and perpendicular to the stream to a distance also defined by the user but typically not more than 150 feet the usual size of recommended buffers Calculating thermal load reductions requires multiple steps I Acquisition and pre processing of data layers representing the elevation topography and vegetation of the current or pre project condition and the future or post project condition Il Spatial analysis to generate Shade a lator inputs This requires ArcGIS version 9 x or higher DEQ s TTools add on and the spatial analyst tool set III Run Shade a lator on th
12. Stop Model worksheet Setup Data Sheets LONGDD TOPOLE x Reset Model LATDD VegO EM ERG Custom Toolbars TOPO W AllVeg c14 fe TOPOS All ELEV A Figure 5 Heat Source Toolbar Setup Data Sheets 5 Inthe Morphology Data worksheet tab 4 cut and paste TTools data into the first four columns Distance Elevation Gradient Bottom Width Channel Width from TTools data Use the following inputs for the other fields on this worksheet e Channel Angle 0 constant simplified value e Mannings n 1 refers to surface roughness does not affect the calculation e Parameters for sediment and heat exchange use default values for all 6 Datain the Continuous Data worksheet is not required for Shade a later but Heat Source needs at least one value in the continuous node column as shown in Figure 4 e Continuous node 1 e Node Indicate a position along the stream centerline e g middle e Stream km Indicate the distance from the stream segment origin where this position lies For example in a stream segment that is 0 8km long if you select Middle enter 0 4 in the Stream km field Denman_FutureConditions HeatSource Microsoft Excel File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View Developer RE PE spit i li Ruler Formula Bar b H maj zee y S Hide Page Page Break Custom Full Gridlines Headings Zoom 100 Zoom to New Arrange Freeze z Save Switch Macros
13. ailable the DEM from LIDAR data also called bare earth or last return is preferred LIDAR which stands for Light Detection And Ranging data is more accurate and more convenient for this purpose because existing vegetation data 3 below can be derived from the same data with minimal additional processing Existing Vegetation Spatial data representing the vegetation communities at the site before restoration work begins This can come in one of two forms LIDAR A first return surface includes tree canopy and buildings and is often referred to as a digital surface model DSM together with the DEM a canopy layer can be created Section I Step B2 OR Vegetation Map or photo Where LIDAR is not available vegetation can be represented through a map of current plant communities based on the orthophoto however additional processing is required Step B2 Future Vegetation Project planting plan Describes the area that you are planning to restore through riparian revegetation This is used to forecast the vegetation communities that will be present when the site reaches maturity B Pre Processing for ArcGIS 10 X DATA SOURCES Aerial imagery including orthophotos DEMS and other mapping data can be obtained from USGS http earthexplorer usgs gov LiDAR data is relatively easy to obtain and is sometimes free Refer to the following websites to search for relevant data sets
14. ast record is downstream largest to smallest This can be done with Custom Sort b Reduce number of significant digits to 3 6 Create new directories on local drive i e desktop folder for Heat Source output data files B Shade a lator Processing Familiarize yourself with the model by viewing all the DON T SEE THE HEAT SOURCE ADD IN worksheets Because only the Shade a lator portion of the If you do not see the Add Ins tab right Heat Source model will be run there are only inputs click somewhere in the toolbar and select Customize Quick Access Toolbar gt Add Ins and hit the Go button at the bottom of the page A pop up dialogue box will required for the first four worksheets Some of the input data does not impact Shade a lator outputs but is required by the model code in order to run properly These fields are marked with a star in Step B2 below default values are appear hit Ok and close restart Excel provided The other worksheets contain standardized data necessary to run the Shade a lator model and do not require user inputs To run the Shade a lator model you will need to input the TTools data into these four worksheets i ii lil IV Heat Source Inputs TTools Data Morphology Data Continuous Data Reset Model by going to Add Ins gt Setup gt Reset Model Hit Yes to confirm that all existing data will be deleted If you do not see the Add Ins tab right click
15. e October is often used because it corresponds with the critical period for temperature in many Oregon streams and the compliance period for their TMDLs e Modeling End Date 10 31 YYYY e Data End Date 10 31 YYYY e Flush Initial Condition days 5 e Time offset from UTC hours while on Daylight Savings Time 7 rest of the year 8 e Time Step dT min 1 e Distance Step dX m 25 e Average Distance for the longitudinal sample rate 25 e Longitudinal Sample Rate m 25 Should always be 1 1 with Distance Step e Transverse Sample Rate m 8 e Number of transverse samples 9 e Inflow Site 0 e Continuous Data Site 1 e Wind function coefficient a e Wind function coefficient b e Include Deep Alluvium Temperature FALSE e Deep Alluvium Temperature Leave blank e Account for Emergent Veg Shading Leave blank e LIDAR data used for veg codes True False if LIDAR data was not used e Landcover density for LIDAR data 0 75 e Landcover stream overhang for LIDAR data m 0 e Vegetation angle calculation method point if using LIDAR data zone otherwise In the Heat Source toolbar select Setup gt Setup Data Sheets Figure 5 This will set up the data sheets to be populated based on the Heat Source inputs In the TTools Data worksheet tab 2 cut and paste columns into the Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data f corresponding portions of the About Heat Source Setup Run
16. e baseline and post action condition The difference between the two is equal to the shade potential of the restoration design I Data Acquisition and Pre Processing Inputs for Shade a lator v8 0 8 are generated from running TTools on data representing elevation and landforms at and around the project site and the height of vegetation communities including both the existing vegetation and the anticipated vegetation communities when the project reaches maturity These data can be acquired from various sources and will require some pre processing before TTools can be used A Data Acquisition The following data layers should be gathered and imported into ArcGIS 1 Recent orthophoto An aerial photograph of the site that is geometrically corrected orthorectified to the Same scale and projection of the other layers Using an orthophoto will help you stay oriented and guide digitization of features Shade a lator is typically meant to be run using baseflow conditions so an orthophoto representing the stream in late summer or fall is best http www deg state or us WQ TMDLs tools htm For more information on defining pre project and post project conditions please see the General Crediting Protocol version 2 0 available at http willamettepartnership or Landforms and elevation Spatial data representing the topography of the bare earth frequently called a digital elevation model or DEM A standard DEM can be used with TTools Where av
17. facilitate timely review of submitted materials please use consistent conventions to name files and clearly label tabs or columns in the Excel workbook 12
18. gt To Raster gt Polygon to Raster b Merge Layers To merge the raster layers turn on Spatial Analyst Toolbar in ArcMap and open Mosaic to New Raster tool a Add current vegetation layer first then future vegetation b Number of Bands 1 Mosaic Operator Last Mosaic Color Map First ArcToolbox gt Data Management Tools gt Raster gt Raster Dataset gt Mosaic to New Taster c Ensure that the values associated with the vertical units in your current and future canopy layers are in meters This is necessary for TTools in the next section ll TTools Processing in ArcGIS This tool an extension developed by DEQ is used to SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS sample geospatial data and assemble inputs necessary TTools requires ArcGIS 9 X or greater but is for the Shade a lator If you have not done so already i l i unstable in ArcGIS 10 X and spatial analyst download the TTools extension here http www deq state or us waq tmdls tools htm extension Make sure you have turned this extension on under Customize in ArcMap Based on the landform elevation and vegetation data TTools will create five categories of data For ArcGIS 10 X you will generally have to enter i Stream centerline layer and stream Microsoft VB upon error reset the script go to to centerline nodes Tools gt References then turn off missing li Aspect channel width right distance and referencing then close VB and retry running Ttools
19. opographic Point Layer Using the centerline point layer and the elevation layers DEM this step samples the topographic shade angle in either 3 or 7 directions user defined from each stream centerline node Sampling is done in the cardinal directions N E W It is okay if Step 4 produces a pop up that says Scanned off the grid X times during processing This means that some of the sample points were beyond the extent of the raster layer e Stream Centerline Point Layer select shapefile e Elevation Layer Select the DEM bare earth e Elevation Layer Vertical Units Feet e Max Sample Distance 5 km e Number of Directions 3 E S W The following fields should be populated TOPO W TOPO S TOPO E TLATW TLATS TLATE T LONW TLONS TLONE Vegetation Sampling This step will sample canopy height from the vegetation raster layer that is created by subtracting bare earth from highest hit F Directional e Vegetation Sampling Method Star Pattern Land e Stream Centerline Point Layer Stream centerline e Cover Samples shapefile 6 e Vegetation Raster Layer Canopy height raster Directional layer Pag ee e Elevation Layer DEM LIDAR bare earth or other Cover Samples e Elevation Layer Vertical Units Feet e Number of Vegetation Samples 9 Figure 3 Example of land cover sampling performed by TTools and used as model input in Heat Source Step5 Illustration taken from v7 0 DEQ Heat Source user s
20. r flux to the stream The last tab will be used to create the credit calculation by converting this into kilocalories per day and comparing the two scenarios to get the thermal load reduction resulting from restoration activities The entire Excel workbook will be shared Tips Troubleshooting with Willamette Partnership durin oe eae P 7 HeatSource can be difficult to run and you may encounter Verification name each worksheet in a l Saan errors when you run the final calculations IF this happens way that is clear and consistent with file l A E l l try the following troubleshooting tips naming conventions used throughout 1 Save re open re run An example workbook is available from 2 Make sure all python scripts are downloaded correctly downloaded in the proper order Willamette Partnership The workbook contains example formulas and program file saved in the proper location supplementary instructions for the final If the output values seem incorrect Step 12 steps of converting and comparing Shade above work backwards to find the origin of the a lator outputs to get project uplift Sue Make sure all columns are pasted 11 Cut and paste the contents of the Heat correctly from TTools dbf or txt Source SR4 output txt file Step 8 for files into Excel the baseline condition into the second or Make sure all arrays match Baseline tab Each column represents Jie ene IIL Un eM un Cee SEEK hourly averages
21. somewhere in the toolbar and select Customize Quick Access Toolbar and go to Add Ins and hit the Go button and the bottom of the page A pop up dialogue box will appear hit Ok and close restart Excel Fill out Heat Source Inputs Figure 3 in the first worksheet tab using the following parameters The directory where the model and output text files will be stored This should match the location of the newly created output data file folders This data start date and data end date g are most relevant when using other portions of Heat Source but must be filled out for Shade a lator to run Be sure to use start and end dates that encompass the desired modeling date range e f 1 2 e Simulation Name Site Name e Stream length km Denman 80 e Output path C models heatsource output e Data Start Date 10 01 YYYY Custom Toolbars C 41 oO N DO O A O IN 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 M 4 gt Heat Source Inputs TTools Data Land Cover Codes Morphology Data Chart 7DADM lt Chart Lonc Tem Figure 4 Example of Heat Source Inputs Sheet 1 for HeatSource model Denman Site 0 8 Users Ellen Desktop Shade a lati 10 01 2011 10 01 2011 10 31 2011 10 31 2011 z ci Number of Transverse Samples in eac FALSE Mass Transfer 1 51E 09 1 60E 09 FALSE e Modeling Start Date 10 01 YYYY Must be within data start end dates can be same as Data Start Dat
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