LaoWord 4.1 User`s Manual
Contents
1. 22 2555 24 LAOSELECTION S 26 LAOWORD CONFIGURATIQON 5 eese ccvrvesscs Eve coa 27 LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 2 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 1 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL INTRODUCTION LaoWord is a Lao enhancement to Word It is derived from research and software that started in 1996 and that were aimed to ease text typing in Lao as well as offering a platform for further research in computational linguistics LaoWord includes a keyboard layout that offers a phonetic association between the Latin and the Lao letters for example a will give 8 A will give 9 This layout called Lao US suit to the US QWERTY keyboard and can be used with any font as soon as it is recognized by the software The traditional Lao typewriter layout so called Duang Jan is also available as well as other layouts adapted to French and Danish keyboards To the date of its issue LaoWord 4 1 is fully working with more than one hundred fonts see the list in chapter 3 4 at the transcribing principles section More generally LaoWord will give you access directly in Word to the following Lao functions Lao keyboards that can be used with any font Unicode or non Unicode A2. Ctrl Shift L selections activation Chl Shift 5 other possible syllables Hamantizatians Convention Free romanization Made Separate window Sorting parameters lexicographic order Convention Marc Reinhorn Other parameters Details Comit Litt raire or Modern spelling Comit Litt raire when box selected Automatic ligature af the accented vowels During text input During font changes Cancel Help Display of the start up splash window Figure 18 LaoWord configuration window Let s see the different available parameters Keyboard You are invited to choose the layout adapted to your needs among five different keyboards layouts Go to chapter 3 1 for a detailed description of these possibilities Default value Duang Jan If you wish to simultaneously use LaoWord and Lao Script for Windows please take some precautions In particular the typing of texts is impossible if the LSWin icon and one of the LaoWord keyboard layouts are activated at the same time When you will use LaoWord for typing deactivate the LSWin icon pass to English mode E In the same way when you will use LSWin for typing click on the 7 button V to switch off the light LaoWord 4 1 User s Manual Vincent BERMENT 15 of May 2005 Page 27 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL Selections This parameter refers to the selection that you perform on your text when y
3. 3 3 One of the most useful functions is certainly the font change that you will access through the second icon Clicking on this icon will give you the list of all the Lao fonts for which you can use the LaoWord functions i e those which are both installed on your PC and recognized by LaoWord You will then have the possibility to change for any of these fonts without having to mind the source and destination 1 Except the text typing itself the syllabic selections and the keyboard shortcuts hot keys that are directly accessible LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 5 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL fonts compatibility This is very useful to transform texts typed with one font in another font while the direct modification is impossible due to the lack of standardization If you are currently typing a text with a Latin font this button may also be used to change to a Lao font This operation will also adjust the Lao font size to the current Latin one The Unicode fonts can now be used in the same manner as the other fonts new feature of this version 4 2 Lao table sortin see 6 The third button gives you access to the Lao table sorting function You will be given the choice between the two main existing lexicographic order standards as well as the possibility to define the locations for the consonant clusters These choices are made in the LaoWord configuration window e button Lao r
4. LaoWord 4 1 User s Manual LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT User s Manual 15 of May 2005 Page 1 3 1 3 2 3 9 3 4 6 1 6 2 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL INLIRODUCTIQN 4 2 en Qeseu geo doee es endete oe cob tui ioo ud 3 LAOWORD TOOLEDBAR eoe Coe aua eek cuve eo cade a coxa od ea eee dee Pes aod esu cn eso ke e ete 5 TEXT INPUT LAO KEYBOARDS AND 8 8 AND IZAO KBYBOXNXRIS dun A 8 FAMILIES OF CHARACTER FONTS ccccscoscecceccscescecceccscsceccscescescscescescestscescescesescescesessescescesescesceseecens 12 PON CHENG teehee ein pM DULL aia Id 13 FONTS AND TRANSCRIBING FILES deae Queue 15 LAQWORD DICTIONARY 25 17 FREE PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGIC 8 1 1 18 LXO TABEESONRTINGE 2 niece c Indoor 21 DEBXICOGRAPEHIC ORDERS es ia em 21 SORTING LR
5. When a non Lao font is used the default keyboard layout is automatically active AZERTY or QWERTY NOTA 1 You have the possibility to enter your texts by using LSWin notice that you are then limited to the LSWin compatible fonts In this case you have to deactivate the LaoWord input function in order to use Keyman the text input software of Lao Script for Windows For this click on the 7 button and switch off the lamp In this mode the Lao input function is inactive but all the other LaoWord functions remain available In the same manner if you want to use the text input function of LaoWord to enter your Lao texts deactivate LSWin Keyman select English input NOTA 2 The Word 6 95 format is not compatible with Unicode If you are using a Unicode font in a Word 6 95 document please save this document in a more recent format Word 97 2000 XP 2003 The five proposed Lao keyboards Lao US Duang Jan Sida Thong Lao France and Lao France New are usable only with the Lao fonts for which an associated transcribing file exists pol files These files that contain a description of the fonts are essential for transcribing If you do not have this type of file for a font you wish to use write us joining a copy of this font to your mail ttf otf file so we may make its transcribing file for you In chapter 3 4 you will find a list of fonts for which a transcribing file does exist pol files LaoWord 4 1 Vi
6. FC Final consonant A Accent LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 21 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 6 2 LaoWord sorting If you need to put Lao words in lexicographic order use the LaoWord sort after having set your sorting preferences see 6 1 and 9 Put your text in a table as in the following example ravaeudeur euse nm f Aaa ag BOO zn ge rh T B Figure 15 Extract of a table to be sorted Then select the lines and columns you want to sort and click the Zt icon You will obtain a window such as the following LaoWord Lao table sorting Ascending C Descending Column 2 Ascending C Descending f Ascending Text C Descending header Case sensitive Columns only Cancel Help Figure 16 LaoWord sorting window As you can see this window follows the Word sorting logic Several sorting criteria keys are possible the sorting being done on the first key basis and in case of strict cells identity on the second and on the third keys LaoWord eases the parameter settings of its sorts by presetting the parameters with their most predictable value depending on the selection to be sorted In particular it detects a column that is written in Lao and LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 22 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL sets it as the first key as in the above example where column 2 is automaticall
7. depending on whether you have the font and the transcribing file or not Figure 9 Fonts and transcribing files In the above figure the transcribing files are represented by arrows symbolizing the compatibility of the fonts with LaoWord 1 You are using font n 1 or 4 for which transcribing files are installed arrows In this case you can use them in LaoWord 2 You do not have font n 2 for which a transcribing file is installed arrow If you want to use it you can seek it on the Internet or in a specialized shop and install it You will then be back in the first case 3 You want to use font n 3 for which the associated transcribing file is not installed no arrow In this case the compatibility of this font with LaoWord is not done you have to add the transcribing file corresponding to this font For that you can go to www laosoftware com web site and see if the last update includes this transcribing file If you do not find it there send us the file of your font in a mail file with the ttf extension We will send you back the proper transcribing file Then for using your font simply copy the new transcribing file into the transcribing files binder C LaoWord Transcod LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 16 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 4 LAOWORD DICTIONARY LaoWord 4 1 includes a small Lao English dictionary To obtain the English translation of a Lao word enter this word us
8. 09 UJ W also depends on the dictionaries authors LaoWord gives you the possibility to put them either after the high consonant V Marc Reinhorn s order or at the end of the alphabet traditional order Lastly the guiding consonant clusters for example 99 that also have erratic places in the wordlists will have the possibility to be placed at the beginning or at the end of their initial letter amp in the example These two last parameterizations digraphs and guiding clusters are also settable the LaoWord configuration window Click on e and then on Other parameters in the Sorting parameters area NOTA For a detailed presentation of digraphs and consonant clusters see Lamvieng Inthamone s book Je lis et J cris lao 29899 1 9989581J0Un819 12 INALCO 1987 If no word order is universally accepted yet the consonants order is almost universal except the place of the digraphs that still depends on the author neasgsasgesganuamuudagdguuuusdSsaoussuusgu u O oo as well as the vowels ey O CL 2 ey e 2 O XXXIX X X X X X CXX CX GEX Txs Xx X XOX CX EX CXgs Xgx cXg xgx Xo EXA xg Notations C Initial consonant eventually consonant clusters V Vowel independently of its duration and of its place final or between consonants D Duration of the vowel short or long
9. DuangJan layout on QWERTY keyboard e Sida Thong same principle as DuangJan but adapted to the Danish keyboards go isv n nuj c ea eid ege S E Ln i Backspace 18g 2 89 3 4 m 5 6 7 amp 8 8 0 9 w9 0 8g t lw ol E T R T lv U gr s oim P A u i 5 2 km Figure 7 Sida Thong layout on Danish QWERTY laptop keyboard With LaoWord you will have the possibility to use any of these five keyboards without having to mind which font is used For this it is enough that the font is recognized by the software You will find at chapter 3 4 the list of fonts that LaoWord recognizes at its version 4 1 release Keyboard selection You will have the possibility to select your preferred layout in the keyboard field of the configuration window e button via the Ctrl K shortcut 1f activated In this latter case each time you will enter Ctrl K a new keyboard layout will be selected circularly You will see your new selection in the Word information bar at the bottom of the Word window There different existing layouts for the Danish keyboards The Sida Thong layout is an adaptation of the DuangJan to map one of them LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 10 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL Independence from the selected font Once you have selected a keyboard you can start typing text without minding which font is used
10. correct for example where should we cut independently of the sense the two syllables nnno In such a case the syllable selected on the screen will be the longest possible correct syllable then NAN and no The other possible syllables are reachable via the Ctrl Shift S shortcut By this mean the different possible syllables are selected one by one video inversion circularly For example after having selected NAN Ctrl Shift S if active will give N and then NAN again Default value Ctrl Shift S activated Romanizations The Romanizations area will allow you to set the romanizations parameters You will find a description of these parameters in chapter 5 Default value Free romanization Separate window LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 28 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL Sorting parameters The Sorting parameters area will allow you to set the LaoWord sorting parameters You will find a description of these parameters in chapter 6 Default value Marc Reinhorn Convention Digraphs at the end of the alphabet Consonant clusters after the initial consonant Old new spelling rules selection The Comit Litt raire or Modern spelling area offers you to adapt the behaviour of the syllabic selection of the lexicographic sorting and of the phonological transcriptions to the writing principles that you usually use The main differences between the two writings include e some consonants gr
11. 005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL NOTA 2 Changing from one font to another is done automatically thanks to the use of transcribing files files with the pol suffix see 3 4 If you cancel a Lao font change then you will have to successively cancel three actions the codes change due to the transcribing the size change and the font change itself You will then have to click on the Undo icon or enter Ctrl Z or do Edit Undo several times See the next chapter for more explanations on the transcribing files and principles In particular you will find there the list of fonts recognized by LaoWord at the moment the 4 1 version is released NOTA 3 In the 4 1 version of LaoWord the font change will work properly only if the selection contains only one font If your selection contains more than one font do it several times each individual font change acting on a selection that contains only one font To know if your selection contains only one font look in the field that gives the face name of the current font Font field of the Word toolbar If the field is empty then the selection contains more than one font Widthless Character WLC or CSL We have encountered the hyphenation character when we talked about the Lao France keyboard layout It is an invisible and widthless character it is called soft hyphen or Zero Width Space ZWSP in the Unicode terminology that Word interprets as a potential word break as the common hyphens For your
12. 9 e The smiling face of the LaoWord toolbar left icon indicates that the syllabic selections are active e The sad face e a contrario indicates that the standard Word selections are active The absence of spaces between Lao words makes the Word selections rather uncomfortable LaoWord selection mode makes the selections of the Lao texts more natural for example before a copy of text into the clipboard Try to double click on the following text in Standard Word mode sad face then LaoWord mode smiling face to evaluate the function Ho jo NS E 174116295 amp 0 101 99 You will pass more simply from one mode to the other thanks to the Ctrl Shift L hot key You also invited to try the mouse move selections as well as the following keyboard shortcuts active only in LaoWord mode shift the cursor to the next syllable by CTRL gt shift the cursor to the previous syllable by CTRL lt add the next syllable to the current selection by CTRL SHIFT gt add the previous syllable to the current selection by CTRL SHIFT lt suppress the syllable following the current selection by CTRL SUPPR suppress the syllable preceding the current selection by CTRL BACKSPACE Ambiguous cases The lao writing is ambiguous i e some different syllables may be correct around a given position In such a case the selected syllable will be the longest possi
13. a the LaoWord toolbar buttons Gore 2 E S Y Figure 2 LaoWord toolbar From the left side to the right the buttons functions are The configuration of LaoWord The Lao font change The Lao table sorting The Lao romanizations The Lao English dictionary Text formatting functions The Lao Latin selection for text input The online help Configuration of LaoWord see 9 The first button on the left gives you access to the configuration of LaoWord You will be offered to select Your keyboard Lao US Duang Jan Sida Thong Lao France Lao France New The mouse selection mode the Word standard mode or the LaoWord mode syllabic selections The activation deactivation of several keyboard shortcuts The parameter settings for the romanization functions The parameter settings for the sorting function lexicographic order consonant clusters and digraph places The parameter settings for the ligatures functions both during typing and during font changes The prefered writing rules old or new spelling Arabic or Lao numbers when the font allows it The LaoWord splash window activation at the start up of Word fishing at the village The button image reminds as in the previous LaoWord versions the current selection mode When the LaoWord mode will be active smiling face icon a double click as well as mouse move in a Lao text will select the text syllable by syllable x HEC Lao font change see
14. and the text formatting functions are to be skipped as you don t have access to these functions LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 3 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL Word Yes ao Selections Table 1 Word LaoWord compatibility and LaoWord s functions The following image shows the beginning of the famous Lao text 22 4 2 1999 in the Word LaoWord environment the LaoWord toolbar is located in the top right of the toolbar under Word menu 28 kinu doc Microsoft Word Sales Tapez une question Fichier Edition Affichage Insertion Format Outils Tableau Fen tre Da amp Giausl v gt 4 4 Normal Src 8 18 GZ S E 82 230 1 I 1721911991 NAO W Seo aUa TIG EUG SL uesneuuwwdo cSesdunmuSu cDoeuubs 9ses8u 9 2 M uamut enuJ Hauaa Swasta inlsS UmsO cum VAINU tuen AUU sn qw ada 9ssesunnmuasesasedsdagDeonsusn Cus ono seusucen andjetageUa f sSncgune sua Yy FAAEE SBE EOS 2susgW U nJwanseunousitm 3 gms 1 1 1 2 2 4 Lil Coll ENR REV EXT RFP Francais Fr Figure 1 Khun Lu and Nang Ua in the Word LaoWord environment LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 4 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 2 LAOWORD TOOLBAR Introduction All the Lao functions of LaoWord are accessible vi
15. ble correct syllable The other syllables not selected remain accessible via the Ctrl Shift S hot key the activation deactivation of this shortcut is available in the configuration window e button By this way the various possible syllables are selected one by one video inversion circularly Example In the LaoWord selection mode double click on the 9 character of the word amp 9 1J The whole word 8940 should be selected Then enter Ctrl Shift S You will obtain 9 J and if you enter Ctrl Shift S once more 894 and then 8942 again NB The syllabic selections are optimized for Word 2000 XP and 2003 n English words are separated by spaces It is not the case in Lao where words are stuck together as were Greek or Roman words until the Romans start inserting dots between words on their monuments LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 26 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 9 LAOWORD CONFIGURATION LaoWord 4 1 is fully parameterizable To adapt it to your preferences click on the e button and choose your options in the configuration window that appears LaoWord Configuration Duang Jan Details in the on line help Word standard syllabic Keyboard Selections Numbers Lao IF Lao and Arabic available Shortcuts for the keyboard Ctrl keyboard change Ctrl L keyboard activation Pause keyboard activation Shortcuts Far the syllabic selections
16. ch time you start Word Default value Display the window LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 29 User s Manual 15 of May 2005
17. ctions of LaoWord are based upon the principle of transcribing So if you want to use LaoWord with a given Lao font you need e the font to be installed in the Windows system e atranscribing file for this font to exist in the LaoWord environment The names of these transcribing files have the general form Font name pol and they are sometimes called pol files To date more than one hundred fonts are recognized by LaoWord i e a transcribing file has been created for these fonts These fonts this list is not exhaustive alice 0 alice 1 alice 2 alice 5 alice 4 alice 5 Alice alice 7 Alice new AliceO Lao 0 95 AliceO 2000 AliceO Unicode Unicode Alicel Lao Alicel 95 Alice 2000 Alicel Unicode Unicode Alice2 Lao Alice2 95 Alice2 2000 Alice2 Unicode Unicode Alice3 Lao Alice3 95 Alice3 2000 Alice3 Unicode Unicode Alice4 Lao Alice4 95 Alice4 2000 Alice4 Unicode Unicode Alice5 Lao Alice5 95 Alice5 2000 Alice5 Unicode Unicode Arial Unicode MS Unicode Bubble Lao Bubble 95 Chantabouli Lao Chantabouli 95 Code2000 Unicode FONT LAO 1 TT Unicode FONT LAO 1 TT Unicode FONT LAO 2 Unicode FONT LAO 2 TT Unicode FONT LAO 3 Unicode FONT LAO 3 TT Unicode FONT LAO 4 kaykhia uni keo Unicode FONT LAO 4 TT Unicode Hollow Lao Hollow 95 Hongkad Chaofa Ngum Hongkad Dokkhuun Hongkad Ekalad Hongkad Handwritingl Hongkad Itsala Hongkad Lanxang Hongkad Nyuvaphon
18. e Hongkad Phetsalath Hongkad Sabai Hongkad Samsaenthai HONGKAD2 HONGKAD4 HONGKADS HONGKAD6 HONGKAD7 HONGKADS HONGKADO 9 HONGKADIO HONGKAD12 HONGKAD 14 15 HONGKAD 16 HONGKADI6 HONGKAD47 JG Basic Lao Unicode JG Chantabouli Lao Unicode JG Lao Old Arial Unicode JG Lao Oldface Unicode JG LaoTimes Unicode KhaoPoun Unicode Lao Light Lao Unicode Unicode LaoBanna LaoCaligraphy LAOFONT LaofontNM Lao France Reinhorn LaoFrance LaoPatin Laos Standard LAOS_TPC1 LaoSquare LaoTangdeane MahaSila Unicode Montaigne Lao PhrasongLao Unicode Saysettha Lao Saysettha 95 Saysettha 2000 Saysettha OT Unicode Saysettha Unicode Unicode SE LAO_O SE LAO 1 SE LAO 2 SE LAO 3 SE LAO 4 Src 0 Src 1 Src 2 Src 3 Src 4 5 8 6 Src_7 et Src_8 Times New Roman Lao Unicode VangVieng Unicode Unicode VangVieng 2000 XiengThong Unicode Unicode XiengThong 2000 LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 15 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL NOTA If you are using a font for which the pol file 1s not done yet or at least if it is not installed on your computer this will have as a consequence that this font will not appear in the displayed font list see figure 8 and then that you will not have the possibility to change your texts into this font Transcribing files In addition to the fonts LaoWord needs and provides transcribing files to work Several cases may arise
19. e not taken into account in this version of LaoWord NOTA 2 Transcriptions are limited in two points e Typing and spelling errors are not detected So if an accent is at a wrong place or if a vowel is missing a wrong romanization will be given e The Lao script has several intrinsic ambiguities of reading due to the consonant clusters for example CCU can be read mwe as well as me w As LaoWord performs no grammatical or lexical analysis it will give arbitrarily any one of the different possible readings LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 20 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 6 LAO TABLE SORTING 6 1 Lexicographic orders There are mainly two lexicographic orders for the Lao words differing by the priority given to the vowel and to the final consonant They are e The phonologic order priority order C V D FC A proposed and used by Marc Reinhorn in his Lao French dictionary e The order used for example by Maha Sila in his Lao dictionary priority order C FC V D Let s take as an example the words JAU AYU and 90 With Marc Reinhorn s convention the order will be JAU JAU and JA the vowel has the priority and with Maha Sila s the order will be S SVU and 61612 the consonant has the priority Any of these two lexicographic orders can be chosen for your sorts The parameters settings are done in the LaoWord configuration window B button see 9 The digraph consonants location
20. eight of the accents Syllabic formatting Ascend the accents Break the selection Descend the accents C Unbreak the selection Adjust the height of the vowel Ligatures accented characters Ascend the ui vowels Tie yoweltaccent couples Descend the ut vowels Untie yowel accent couples Cancel Figure 17 Text formatting functions window Adjustment of the accents height Some fonts offer two accents heights in particular for accents 1 and 2 so it is possible to choose the accent that matches the best to the vowel s height However it happens that when the text is typed a high accent is put with a low vowel or and it is worse a low accent is put with a high vowel so they are melted together To fix the height of the accents of a selection open the Text formatting functions window and select Adjust the height of the accents as well as the desired operation ascend or descend the accents contained in the selection Adjustment of the vowels height x As for the accents some fonts offer two heights both for short and long sala u x et x Proceed as with the accents if you wish to adjust the height of the sala u of a selection LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 24 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL Text formatting This function inserts invisible hyphenation characters between the syllables of the selected text and thus contributes to a co
21. gure 14 Selected text replaced with its romanization For this select Replace the text in the Mode parameter of the romanization options LaoWord configuration window button see 9 LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 19 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL The text that we selected in eUa 191999 will give e in free romanization ni than l ang ko khwam sa th an chay phou khon t bou han na kan ma l o l ang leum ton m a m gning song khon pha pay ap nam you khem tha nam houay say lay en n chon h n mou pa bang khang ko mi bay may h ng lon lay ma tam na nam e phonetic romanization ni t a n lut an ni kd k wa m sa t uran k k on t bu ha n na ka n ma l amp w 13 m ton pin s5 k on p a kan pay p nam k e m t nam h ay say lay nen con l aw h n pa ko mi bay may h n lon lay ma ta m na nam e in phonologic romanization transliteration ni lua nl ni 2 ko 1 khwa m sa thua n cae ke 1 phu 2 khon te 1 bu ha n na ka n ma le w2 1 loe ml ton2 kh n2 m a l me 1 fin so g khon pha kan pai a b nam2 yu 1 khe m tha 1 nam2 hwa y2 sae lai fen con lia w hen 1 khag2 ko mi bae mai2 he 9g2 lon lai ma ta m na 2 nam2 NOTA 1 The tones transcribed by the phonetic romanization are Vientiane s Note that accents 3 and 4 ar
22. have small differences even if they belong to the same family For example if we ask Word to change the following text typed with the Saysettha Lao font Alice 97 family into the Src_4 font Alice 92 family 294040906184 It will give the following result LILJEJETEIETE TEE TEE JEJE IE IE IET AEC With LaoWord you will have the possibility to change the selection s font by clicking on the icon see a description of the LaoWord toolbar in chapter 2 You will obtain the following window where you will select Src_4 and then click OK this window gives you the list of all the Lao fonts that are usable in LaoWord and only them Cancel Help Font missing Peu Figure 8 Font change window You will obtain amp r 99 0709093837 The Lao fonts have not only different encoding but also different size This size will automatically be adapted by LaoWord during font changes so that the text keeps approximately its original size you will notice that the size indication has changed in the Font size field of the Word toolbar NOTA 1 When you will be typing text with Latin characters e g French or English and that you will a m want to change and write in Lao icon will open the above window so that you can choose your Lao font The new font size will be adjusted to match the size of the text you were typing with Latin characters LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 13 User s Manual 15 of May 2
23. ic way one CSL at each syllable by using the Text Ch formatting functions of LaoWord 777 button see 7 The Alice 97 type fonts fonts whose names end with Lao or with 95 as well as the Unicode ones generally include such an hyphenation character e Lao US associating the Lao characters with the American keyboard keys I le f o 5 59 50 amp amp ier IM Backspace 111912 4 5 7 o t3 Figure 3 Lao US layout on QWERTY keyboard LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 8 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL e Lao France same principle as Lao US but adapted to the French keyboards 0 zem pm Backspace stes sns B 2 ic Figure 4 Lao France layout on AZERTY keyboard e Clavier Lao France New slightly different from the Lao France layout Figure 5 Lao France New layout on AZERTY keyboard l The digram 215 generated by the key is theorical see Marc Reinhorn LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 9 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL b Two keyboards deriving from the traditional typewriters layout e Duang Jan gl 2 G Ol ees Er Pes baie ia _ Backspace hok DNUS 6 7 8 0 9 0 b 9 EJ Q q zm rag Z dx d e EE midimn Cy Vix M Ww SB Figure 6
24. ing any font that suits you provided that it is recognized by LaoWord see 3 4 and select it Then click on the icon If the word is in the lexicon database its translation will be displayed in the following dialog window LaoWord Dictionary entry words display and modification Entry ward PRAH Translation Then past auxiliary to end to finish already Cancel Mew 7 Delete translation Help xj __ Cancel He Figure 10 Main LaoWord dictionary window Select OK or Cancel to go back to the text 1n Word To modify the proposed translation you just have to type the modified translation in the New translation field of the window before clicking OK This translation will then have updated the lexicon database In order to avoid any mistake a confirmation window is displayed Click Yes to confirm the modification or No in case of mistake To delete an entry word from the lexicon select the Lao word and click on Delete In order to avoid any mistake the following confirmation window is displayed LaoWord Delete a from the dictionary E x Enty word ta delete d nel Figure 11 Deletion confirmation Window Click OK to confirm the current entry word deletion or Cancel in case of mistake When the word you are looking for the translation is not in the lexicon yet the dialog window will indicate Unknown word in the Translation field In order to add this word to the
25. ish and Lao texts EXAMPLES AliceO Lao Alicel Lao Alice2 Lao Alice3 Lao Alice4 Lao Alice5 Lao Bubble Lao Chantabouli Lao Hollow Lao Saysettha Lao 0 95 Alicel 95 Alice2 95 Alice3 95 Alice4 95 Alice5 95 Bubble 95 Chantabouli 95 Hollow 95 Saysettha 95 Lao France type This font is an adaptation for Windows of the fonts for MacIntosh developed by Dr Lamvieng Inthamone at the National Institute of the Eastern Language and Civilization in Paris It allows the input of Lao texts using the intuitive Lao France keyboard without any need of an extra software and is also the base of the Lao France keyboard layout definition This font does not offer the occidental characters EXAMPLE LaoFrance Unicode type Unicode fonts containing the Lao characters are available at last since Spring 2001 These fonts are based on the 16 bit characters Unicode standard the other fonts using 8 bit characters the Lao range being between 0 80 and OEFF see http www unicode org We strongly invite you to use these fonts for your texts EXAMPLE MahaSila KhaoPoun PhrasongLao FONT LAO 1 TT Saysettha OT Saysettha Unicode JG Basic Lao Times New Roman Lao LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 12 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 3 3 Font change As we have seen before 3 2 Lao fonts are generally incompatible either because they are coming from completely different families of fonts or because they
26. les to switch between Latin English French and Lao text input This 1s possible only with fonts that contain both Latin and Lao characters so in particular with the Unicode fonts Online help An online help is accessible through the eighth and last button LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 7 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 3 TEXT INPUT LAO KEYBOARDS AND FONTS 3 1 Text input and Lao keyboards The lack of widely used standard for the encoding of the Lao characters makes the typing of Lao texts quite complex The keyboard generally AZERTY QWERTY keys give different results depending the font used The five keyboards LaoWord solves this problem and offers you choice between five keyboard layouts a Three phonetic association keyboards inspired from the occidental keyboard layouts With those three keyboard the keyboard key Lao character association is intuitive and easy to remember For example the a key gives b gives Y etc These keyboards will also enable you to insert an hyphenation character when the font contains such a character by entering the CSL key Widthless Character or in French Caract re Sans Largeur which is located at the key on the keyboards By this mean you have the possibility to do an efficient formatting wordwrap of your Lao texts by giving to Word the places where it should wrap words to the next line This can also be performed in an automat
27. lexicon you may enter your translation in the New translation field of the window and then click OK To avoid any mistake a confirmation window is displayed Click Yes to confirm the addition of the word or No in case of mistake The most convenient way to make this selection is to use the mouse in the LaoWord selection mode see 8 In this mode it will be easy to select the word because the selection will be done syllable by syllable LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 17 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 5 FREE PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGIC ROMANIZATIONS LaoWord 4 1 offers three romanizations for Lao texts e The free romanization e The phonetic romanization e The transliteration also called phonologic romanization The free romanization is quite a rough but easy to read transcription of the pronunciation It requires no knowledge of the International Phonetic Alphabet The phonetic romanization is a transcription of the pronunciation that aims to be as stringent as possible It is based on the International Phonetic Alphabet modified in accordance with the Lamvieng Inthamone rules The phonologic romanization transcribes not the pronunciation but the Lao letters For example unlike the two other transcriptions the phonologic romanization will give two different signs for low and high consonants such as 41 et t respectively th et th note the apostrophe that indicates that the letter is a consona
28. n for example after several font changes that a ligature is transformed into a vowel followed by an accent even if the final font actually contains the ligature The accented vowels ligature function will allow you to transform the vowel accent couples of a selection into ligatures and vice versa in order to achieve the most esthetic result NOTA 2 When using Unicode fonts the graphical optimization functions when they exist are handled direcly by the font itself e g the OpenType fonts For this reason the only text formatting function available for this type of fonts 15 the automatic wordwrap function Then in these cases your font has not the ZWSP 2 To avoid this you can choose to make ligatures when you change font see 9 Automatic ligature of accented vowels 5 3 Note that you will obtain the ligature X by typing successively X and X if you have selected the automatic ligatures during text input in the LaoWord configuration window and also if the font contains the ligature see 9 LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 25 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 8 LAO SELECTIONS As we discussed before in particular as we talked about the Lao France keyboard and the font changes LaoWord offers a selection mode adapted to Lao texts These selections will be active and accessible via the mouse or via the keyboard if you choose Lao in the Selections field of the configuration window see
29. n efficient and practical font change Text selections by entire syllables A small Lao English lexicon Several romanizations Pro version Lao table sorting Pro version Miscellaneous Lao text formatting functions Pro version including o Lao text formatting o Height selection high low for accents 1 and 2 o Height selection high low for sala u o Ligature of accented vowels These functions are useful for the non Unicode fonts which have different character codes for accents or sala u with different heights or ligatures e g sala i may tho In the Unicode standard there is only one code for each accent and sala u and no code for the ligatures so these rendering improvements are handled by the font itself Note that only OpenType fonts e g Saysettha OT KhaoPoun can provide this function and that TrueType fonts can not There are four versions of LaoWord in each of the two languages English and French e two 32 bits versions to be used with Word for Windows 95 Word 7 Word 97 Word 8 Word 2000 Word 9 Word XP 2002 Word 10 and Word 2003 Word 11 o LaoWord 4 1 Standard o LaoWord 4 1 Pro e two 16 bits versions to be used with Word 6 version dated November 2000 o LaoWord6 3 01 Standard LaoWord6 3 01 Pro manual is common to the LaoWord 4 Standard and Pro versions If you are using the Standard version the explanations given for the transcriptions the table sorts
30. ncent BERMENT Page 11 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 3 2 Families of character fonts The Lao TrueType fonts are now numerous Though the Unicode Standard starts being used for Lao the old unstandardized 8 bit fonts are still widely used Some fonts are listed below by more or less compatible groups They can be found for many of them on the Internet Alice 92 type Born in 1992 these early TrueType fonts do not contain the occidental characters The fonts called Hongkad from the name of their author offer very interesting stylized models They are among the first fonts he designed EXAMPLES alice 0 alice 1 alice 2 alice 3 alice 4 alice 5 alice 7 Alice new ANUNORM anuvong A ATYPOI ATYPO2 HONGKAD2 HONGKAD4 HONGKAD5 HONGKADO HONGKAD7 HONGKADS HONGKAD9 HONGKADIO HONGKADI2 HONGKADIA4 HONGKAD15 16 HONGKAD18 Lao LaoBanna LaoCaligraphy Laolium LaoPatin LaoSquare Laos Standard Lao Standard SengChanh C jJ LaoTangdeane Sayawath SE LAO 0 SE LAO 1 SE LAO 2 SE LAO 3 SE LAO Src 0 Src 1 5 2 5 3 Src 4 5 6 5 7 8 Xayavath Alice 97 type Lao and 95 Suffixes Appeared in 1997 these fonts offer Anglo Saxon characters but not accented letters nor c cedilla for example Their structure is inspired from the Thai TIS 620 2529 standard issued by the Thai Industrial Standards Institute These fonts can be used to type both Engl
31. nt of the high series To obtain the romanization of a selection select it as shown hereunder amp eod AVIS ii ME 3 mmu qu vii g m gs E o peo Figure 12 Selection of text and then click on the fourth icon LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 18 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL A window containing the romanization will appear as in the next example that illustrates a free romanization Laow ord Romanization of the selection ni than liang m ko sa thian chay ke phou khon te hou han kan ma leo leum ton kh un miia gning song Khon pha kan ap nam you Khem tha nam houay say lay gn n chon liao mou pa bang Khang ko mi bay may heng lon lay ma tam na nam Figure 13 Free romanization displayed in a window If you wish you can also set the LaoWord parameters in such a way that the romanization will not appear in a Separate window but replace the selected text as in the following example R eod than l ang ko khwam sa th an chay ke phou khon t bou han na kan ma liang lun ton kh n mia m gring song khon pha kan pay ap nam you kh m tha nam houay say lay m n chon h n mou pa bang khang ko mi bay h ng lon lay ma tam na nam 2 9seguanmuaesaessasusansusn 5 unclelnas9y JUE g id 1 _ Mo 9 a Fi
32. omanizations see 5 The fourth button gives you access to Lao texts romanizations The three available possibilities are the free romanization simple to read the phonetic transcription based on the International Phonetic Alphabet and the transliteration that transcribes the writing rather than the pronunciation The selected text can either be transcribed in a separate window or be replaced by the transcription You can set these parameters in the LaoWord configuration window e button Lao French electronic dictionary see 4 The fifth button gives you access to a Lao English dictionary This lexicon is fully modifiable and expandable You will have the possibility to modify the proposed translations e g replace with or add German or Spanish translations and to create new entry words Lao text formatting functions See 7 The sixth button gives you access to formatting functions for your Lao texts They will allow you to e Insert automatically hyphenation characters between the syllables to obtain a good formatting e Adjust the height of the accents only when the font will contain two heights e Adjust the height of the x and x vowels only when the font will contain two heights e Tie up above vowels with accents only when the font will contain the ligatures LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 6 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL Lao Latin toggle This button enab
33. ou double click or when you make the mouse move the left button of the mouse remaining pushed Select Lao for Lao style selections by Lao syllables or Word standard for the classical Word selections Default value Word standard Numbers Several fonts for example the Alice 97 family fonts like Saysettha Lao contain both Arabic 1 2 3 and Lao 9 6 3 digits Select Lao or Arabic depending on your preference Obviously if the current font contains only one kind of digits it will be used Default value Lao LaoWord shortcuts hot keys The shortcuts area offers the activation deactivation of some shortcuts e Shortcuts for the keyboard Ctrl K This shortcut offers to switch from a keyboard to the other circularly Lao US Sida Thong Duang Jan Lao France Lao France New then Lao US again etc Default value Ctrl K deactivated Ctrl L This shortcut offers to switch between an occidental keyboard layout QWERTY AZERTY to a Lao one see above the Ctrl K shortcut for keyboard layout selection Valeur par d faut Ctrl L activated Pause Same action as the previous shortcut Valeur par d faut Pause deactivated e Shortcuts for the selections Ctrl Shift L This shortcut offers to switch between the Word standard selection mode and the Lao syllabic selection mode Valeur par d faut Ctrl Maj L activated Ctrl Shift S The Lao writing is ambiguous i e several syllables split can be
34. oups Ma 98 Comit Litt raire e some final consonants 9 Comit Litt raire e the diphtongue ia CXE et CxS modern spelling Comit Litt raire e the diphtongue oi x Comit Litt raire NB The Lao English dictionary is only available in modern writing Default value Modern spelling Automatic ligature of accented vowels Most of the Lao fonts contain ligatures that are made up with an above vowel and an accent for example amp x see 7 section Accented vowels ligature This 1s due to the traditional Duang Jan keyboard layout that contains these ligatures The same fonts generally also contain the above vowels and the accents separately The Automatic ligature of accented vowels area enables you e type directly these ligatures even if you type accents and above vowels separately option During text input and e to transform the vowel accent couples of a selection into ligatures during font changes option During font changes Default value Ligatures during text input Ligatures during font changes NOTA You will also have access to an accented vowels ligature function via the button text formatting functions It allows you to transform vowel accent couples into ligatures without having to change font see 7 Display of the start up splash window This option enables you to display or not the LaoWord splash window the fishing at the village ea
35. rrect formatting of your texts in that it prevents the lines to end in the middle of syllables To access this function select the Syllabic formatting and Break the selection boxes default value in the Text formatting functions window then click OK NOTA 1 As all the fonts do not have this invisible hyphenation character this function will not always be available To know if your font contains such a character you can try to type the Widthless Character WLC on the key of the Lao US Lao France and Lao France New keyboard layouts remember to activate the Lao text input 5 If nothing seems to happen when you type this character that is because you inserted a WLC which 16 invisible In the other cases you will obtain a small square The Unicode fonts generally include such a character then called the ZERO WIDTH SPACE ZWSP code 200B which is nominally zero width but may expand in justification Unicode 3 0 book If you need to remove the hyphenation characters of a selection then select the Sy labic formatting and Unbreak the selection boxes the Text formatting functions window Accented vowels ligature Most of the Lao fonts contain ligatures that are made up with an above vowel and an accent for example amp x This 1s due to the traditional Duang Jan keyboard layout that contains such ligatures The same fonts generally also contain the above vowels and the accents separately So it may happe
36. texts formatting you can insert this character manually by simply typing where you want the word wraps to be done only with the Lao France keyboard layout or automatically with the text formatting Dh function button see 7 Because all the fonts do not have this ZWSP the font change may happen to be limited due to the absence of this character in the new font In such a case a message is issued to inform that the hyphenation characters from the original text will be removed by the font change LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 14 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 3 4 Fonts and transcribing files Lao fonts To date hundreds of more or less good quality Lao fonts exist Because the fonts are independent of the word processing functions fonts are operating systems related objects they are not included in the LaoWord package However one 8 bit font LaoFrance and one Unicode font MahaSila are provided so that you can start writing texts in Lao if you have no other font yet in your computer You are free to look for the fonts that suit you and to install them on your PC To help you doing that we have selected some web sites offering Lao fonts please go to www laosoftware com TrueType fonts section When you will have downloaded these fonts don t forget to install them so that they are available for use see the Windows help for their installation Transcribing principles The Lao fun
37. y selected as Text and Ascending order The parameters proposed in the window are the classical Word sorting parameters Text Number Date always select Text for the columns in Lao Ascending or descending order Sort includes the first line or not it may be a headline that we want to keep on the top Case sensitivity this parameter is ignored for the parts in Lao Sort all the columns or only the selected ones this parameter 1s accessible when not all the columns are selected for example 2 columns in 3 NOTA 1 As the romanizations the sorting will give wrong results in case of spelling errors or reading ambiguity see NOTA 2 in chapter 5 NOTA 2 The sorting function can operate in tables containing different fonts However each cell of the table will have to contain only one font The cells containing more than one font will not be properly sorted NOTA 3 The repetition symbol 8 QJ 21 871 11J is ignored In our example the 3 key is not authorized because the table has only 2 columns LaoWord 4 1 Vincent BERMENT Page 23 User s Manual 15 of May 2005 LAOWORD 4 1 USER S MANUAL 7 TEXT FORMATTING FUNCTIONS After your text is typed LaoWord gives you the possibility to improve its final aspect thanks to four Lh functions which you will access via the button Note that you will have to select the text to modify before calling these functions LaoWord Text formatting functions Adjust the h
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