Xinu on Intel Galileo User Manual - The Xinu Page
Contents
1. xinu Every time Xinu is modified the new Xinu image xinu must be placed in the TFTP root directory and the Galileo board must be rebooted to fetch the new image Page 10 of 102. BIOS code After it does some preliminary initialization the BIOS hands over control to a boot loader named GRUB GRUB chooses an Operating System image to boot and starts the Operating System boot process GRUB can be configured to select an image automatically or allow a user to select an image The Intel Galileo boards come with a modified version of GRUB 0 99 already installed in their flash memory The modified GRUB cannot perform all steps needed to boot Xinu Instead the modified GRUB only handles two possibilities booting Linux or chain loading another boot loader Xinu is built to be multiboot compliant but unfortunately the modified GRUB 0 99 on the Galileo does not support booting a multiboot kernel Therefore we need a more powerful version of GRUB to boot XInu The idea is straightforward add a more powerful GRUB to the SD card Use the built in version of GRUB to run the more powerful version of GRUB and use the more powerful version of GRUB to boot Xinu Fortunately the more powerful version of GRUB can remain on the SD card and the GRUB configurations can be permanently stored As aresult GRUB only needs to be set up once and then it can be used to boot Xinu again and again 4 2 Micro SD card setup 1 Format the micro SD card to a FAT 32 file system 2 Download the tarball http www xinu cs purdue edu files xinu galileo sdcard tar gz and untar it onto the micro SD card doing so loads the more powerful version of GRUB and t
3. Xinu on Intel Galileo User Manual Table of Contents 1 0 Firmware Update for the Intel Galileo board 2 0 Console connection on the Intel Galileo 2 1 Background 2 2 Serial cable setup for the Intel Galileo 2 3 Terminal emulator software configuration 3 0 Downloading and Compiling Xinu 3 1 Background 3 2 Downloading Xinu source code and compiling Xinu 4 0 Running Xinu from the micro SD card 4 1 Background 4 2 Micro SD card setup 5 0 Loading Xinu over the network using Network Boot 5 1 Background 5 2 Micro SD card setup 5 3 DHCP and TFTP server setup Page 1 of 10 Page 1 0 Introduction Important note this document uses the first generation of the Galileo Intel has introduced a second generation Galileo we will update the document once Gen2 boards are available To boot the Xinu operating system on a Galileo board requires upgrading the firmware connecting a serial cable that is used as the system console compiling Xinu and downloading the Xinu image onto the Galileo There are two ways to download an image place the image on an SD card and plug the SD card into the Galileo or connect the Galileo to a network configure a server and arrange for the Galileo to download and image over the network Using an SD card means that no network configuration is needed but a network connection means a programmer can download test modify and download quickly The following describes each step of the process including instructions fo
4. he configuration file 3 Copy the compiled Xinu image xinu elf to the micro SD card 4 Insert the micro SD card in the Galileo board 5 Connect the board to a computer running a terminal emulator PUTTY using the procedure given above 6 Reboot the Galileo board Whenever Xinu is re built the image on the micro SD card must be replaced by the new image To avoid repeatedly removing the SD card from the Galileo inserting the card in the laptop copying a new image to the card one can set up a network boot as described in the next section Page 8 of 10 5 0 Loading Xinu over the network using Network Boot 5 1 Background Network boot is the process by which a computer downloads an Operating System image over the network and boots it Typically the BIOS in a computer supports Network boot using the Preboot eXecution Environment PXE How Network boot works 1 The Network boot client sends a DHCP request to obtain an IP address and the IP address of the server that hosts the OS image 2 The DHCP server responds with an IP address for the Network boot client the IP address of the TFTP server and the name of a file containing an operating system image 3 The Network boot client downloads the OS image from the TFTP server and boots it Boot loaders such as GRUB support Network boot provided they have drivers for the on board Ethernet device Unfortunately GRUB does not support the Ethernet device that is present on the In
5. legant Operating System designed by Prof Douglas Comer at the Purdue University Except for a few low level pieces such as a context switch and interrupt dispatching code Xinu is written in C and implements all the fundamental Operating System features including concurrent process execution process synchronization inter process communication and an IPv4 network stack with UDP ICMP and TCP To get information about the history of Xinu visit http www xinu cs purdue edu Tools needed to compile Xinu 1 2 A Linux machine e g a laptop GCC compiler that is capable of compiling for the Intel x86 architecture If the Linux machine that is used for compiling is an x86 or x86 64 machine the default gcc will be able to compile for x86 architecture Flex lexical analyzer Bison parser Make utility 3 2 Downloading Xinu source code and compiling Xinu hae boo Download the tarball http www xinu cs purdue edu files Xinu code Galileo tar gz Untar the tarball on a Linux machine Change to the compile directory From the shell run the following S make clean S make After following the steps above in the compile directory two files will be generated xinu elf and xinu The file xinu elf must be used when running Xinu from the SD card and the file xinu must be used when using Network boot to run Xinu Page 7 of 10 4 0 Running Xinu from the micro SD card 4 1 Background When the Galileo boots the hardware runs
6. n the Serial line field enter the device name e g dev ttyUSBO in Linux or COM3 in Windows In the Speed field enter 115200 In the left pane under Terminal click on Keyboard Under the heading The Function keys and keypad select SCO Click Open A window for I O will appear Reboot the Galileo board ONO UT BS Wor After the above steps are performed you will see the debug output that is printed on the screen when the Galileo board reboots Page 5 of 10 Putty Serial line connection and Baud rate i Serial Basic options for your PUTTY session Load save or delete a stored session Saved Sessions Default Settings Close window on exit O Aways Never Only on clean exit __Open Cancel Putty keyboard settings Options controlling the effects of keys Change the sequences sent by The Backspace key Control H Control 127 The Home and End keys Standard O nvt e Function keys and keypad OESCh Linux Xem R6 VT100 sco Initial state of cursor keys Normal Application Initial state of numeric keypad Normal Application NetHack Enable extra keyboard features C AltGr acts as Compose key Control Alt is different from AltGr Open Canca Page 6 of 10 3 0 Downloading and Compiling Xinu 3 1 Background Xinu is a small and e
7. r the use of and SD card as well as instructions on how to set up bootstrap over a network Firmware Update for the Intel Galileo board The Galileo firmware must be upgraded to the latest update in order to be able to run Xinu More details on how to upgrade the firmware can be found on lt intel galileo upgrade url gt It is a good idea to run the latest firmware even if one is not running Xinu 2 0 Console connection on the Intel Galileo 2 1 Background Every computer has an interface that allows interaction with an operating system The Galileo provides a serial console that allows a user to keystrokes to the computer and display output from the board Typically a System on Chip uses a serial device known as a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UART UART is used to connect a SoC to an RS 232 serial interface Originally RS 232 was used to communicate with a terminal a device with a screen and keyboard Modern computing systems do not use terminals Instead we use software running on a conventional computer e g a laptop to emulate a terminal We will assume a laptop throughout the description but a desktop system can be used instead The serial interface from a Galileo is connected to the laptop and a terminal emulation program runs on laptop The terminal emulation program displays all the characters the board emits characters that arrive from the board and sends all keystrokes the user enters to the board 2 2 Se
8. rial cable setup for the Intel Galileo The Galileo board has a 3 5 mm connector that connects to a serial cable Because laptops do not have serial ports two cables are used to connect the Galileo to a laptop one that connects from the Galileo to a standard DB 9 serial connector and a second that connects a DB 9 connector to a USB connector 1 3 5mm to DB 9 serial cable Amazon link 2 DB 9 to USB cable Amazon link Note this cable is not necessary if the laptop has a DB 9 port on it in which case cable 1 can be plugged into the DB 9 port on the laptop directly Page 2 of 10 Serial Cable 3 5 mm to DB 9 Serial cable DB 9 to USB Page 3 of 10 Connecting cable 1 to the Galileo Complete Serial cable connection to the Galileo Page 4 of 10 2 3 Terminal emulator software configuration Various terminal emulation programs are available and any of them will suffice We will use PuTTY in our examples because it runs on Linux and Windows and has been tested with the Intel Galileo board The software can be downloaded from http www putty org When the Galileo board is connected to a laptop using the two cables described above a device is created e g dev ttyUSBO in Linux or COM3 in Windows but the actual devices may differ on your laptop PuTTY uses the device port in case of Windows to communicate with the Galileo PuTTY configuration Launch PuTTY In the main Session pane select Serial I
9. tel Galileo boards So the Xinu Galileo team designed a Xinu based boot loader called Xboot Xboot downloads a Xinu image over the network and starts running Xinu 5 2 Micro SD card setup for network bootstrap 1 Format the micro SD card to a FAT 32 filesystem 2 Download the tarball http www xinu cs purdue edu files xinu galileo sdcard nb tar gz and untar it in the micro SD card 3 Insert the micro SD card in the Galileo board and reboot the board 5 3 DHCP and TFTP server setup You will need to run a DHCP server and a TFTP server on a computer that is connected to the same network as a Galileo board The DHCP server must be configured to assign a client IP address to the Galileo board and must also return the address of a TFTP server and the name of the file that will contain a Xinu image Page 9 of 10 The DHCP server configuration might look like this subnet x x x x netmask m m m m option routers lt Router IP address optional gt option subnet mask lt Subnet mask gt next server lt TFTP Server address gt filename lt XINU Image name gt range lt IP address range low gt lt IP address range high gt where x x x x is the dotted decimal for the IP address and m m m m is the dotted decimal for the address mask used on your local network The TFTP server the XINU image must be placed in the tftpboot directory or the corresponding root directory for your TFTP server The Xinu Network boot image is named
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