FlowTracker User`s Manual (English)
Contents
1. Figure 9 Discharge Measurement Japanese Equation 2 1 4 Determining Mean Station Velocity Discharge Measurement Method The Method specifies how the FlowTracker determines mean velocity at each station involving variations in the number and location of velocity measurements e Table 2 1 describes all Methods supported by the FlowTracker e Select the method using the Method and Method keys e Methods with more than one measurement can be done in either direction from surface to the bottom or from the bottom towards the surface e If some Methods will never be used you can specify which methods to display o Press 9 from the Discharge Settings menu 1 6 2 e All depth values are referenced from the water surface down e Effective depth 1s water depth minus ice depth water surface to bottom of ice or slush SonTek YSl Table 2 1 FlowTracker Mean Velocity Methods Method Measurement Locations Mean Velocity Equation 06 0 6 depth 0 2 0 8 0 2 0 8 depth Vin Vo2 Vog 2 are 0 2 0 6 0 8 depth Vis Voz 2 Vos Vos 4 LOC NENI T c C o PE sae A E 0 0 near surface 0 2 0 6 0 8 depth b Voo T 3 Vo 3 Vo6 2 Vogt Vio 10 1 0 near bottom Any number of points at user l Muli pt specified depths Integrated velocity average Figure 10 No velocity measurement Vm CP V dae V mean V input You can enter an estimated velocity when velocity InputV User input veloci2. 1s halfway between the transmit and receive beam axes e The FlowTracker uses one transmitter and two or three receivers for 2D or 3D probes e Bistatic velocities are converted to Cartesian XYZ velocities using the probe geometry the relative angles of transmit and receive beams e Probe geometry is precisely determined by a calibration procedure e The calibration only needs to be performed once no periodic re calibration 1s required A 3 FlowTracker Data The FlowTracker provides several important performance advantages It can measure 2D or 3D water velocities from 0 0001 to 4 5 m s 0 0003 to 15 ft s Velocity data is accurate to 1 of the measured velocity in a one second sample Velocity data can be used immediately without any post processing corrections The FlowTracker calibration will not change unless the probe is physically damaged The following describes the basic FlowTracker sampling strategy e One velocity sample is recorded each second e Velocity data are collected at each measurement location over the user specified time Raw one second velocity mean velocity and quality control data are recorded e Forriver discharge measurements the FlowTracker combines velocity data with station location water depth and other data to determine total discharge in real time A 4 Quality Control Data SmanQC In addition to velocity the FlowTracker records a variety of quality control data with each meas urement sta
3. from the sample shown here refer to the FlowTracker Technical Manual for more details about interpreting this data FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 29 SonTek YSl 26 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Section 5 Quality Control Data SmartQC and Troubleshooting 5 1 Quality Control Data SmatQC The FlowTracker records quality control QC data with every measurement Table 5 1 QC pa rameters are automatically reviewed with each measurement and at the completion of a discharge cross section If any value exceeds expected criteria a warning is given Table 5 2 displays dif ferent QC warning messages and gives guidelines for interpreting these messages All QC re view criteria can be adjusted or disabled 5 1 1 Adjusting Quality Control Criteria sma Qc All quality control criteria can be modified or disabled To access quality control settings e From the Main Menu press 1 for Setup Parameters e From Setup Parameters select 4 for QC Settings 1 6 1 o SNR Threshold cV Threshold Spike Threshold e From Setup Parameters select 5 for Discharge Settings 31 6 2 o Max Section Discharge Max Depth Change Max Location Change Max Velocity Angle To disable any QC criteria set that parameter to a value of 0 Table 5 1 Quality Control QC Parameters SNR is the most important QC parameter e t measures the strength of the acoustic reflection from particles in the water e Without sufficient SNR the Flow
4. housing Remove the old batteries from the battery holder Install the new batteries matching the orientation shown on the battery holder o Do not mix old and new batteries o Do not mix different types of batteries e Secure the battery compartment lid using the six screws e Turn the system on and check the battery voltage level to ensure proper installation To Avoid Draining Batteries When System is Not in Use e Always turn the system off before storing the system e If the system will not be used for more than one month remove the batteries Figure 2 FlowTracker Battery Compartment 2 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl 1 3 Mounting and Installation SonTek offers top setting wading rods and mounting brackets for the FlowTracker Figure 3 The probe is mounted from a special adaptor bracket that offsets the probe to one side of the wading rod placing the sampling volume closer to the wading rod The cable from the probe to the handheld controller is highly susceptible to electronics noise and should be treated with care In any mounting the cable should be secured to prevent excessive motion or damage Figure 3 SonTek Wading Rod 1 3 1 Probe Orientation During Data Collection Figure 4 shows the proper orientation of the probe for discharge measurements The tag line 1s installed perpendicular to the primary flow direction The FlowTracker X axis is perpendicular to the tag line not in line with the fl
5. how why the FlowTracker uses scattering material for velocity measurements If SNR is too low lt 4 dB the FlowTracker cannot accurately measure velocity In most field applications there 1s sufficient scattering material naturally present Large laboratory tanks may have low SNR To check requirements use the Raw Velocity Data from the handheld interface 1 7 o Ideally SNR gt 10 dB o Ata minimum SNR gt 4 dB In the field seeding can be introduced by stirring the bottom e g walking across the river up stream In some situations seeding material will need to be introduced A practical seeding ma terial is lime or pulverized limestone Large bags are inexpensive and readily available from most hardware stores the material is mixed with water prior to adding A note of caution re peated addition of lime may gradually increase the pH in a tank 5 3 Velocity Data Appears Noisy or Unreasonable If the velocity data from the FlowTracker does not appear reasonable the following list may help establish the source of the problem e Low SNR is the most common problem See 5 2 and the FlowTracker Principles of Opera tion for details about seeding requirements e Inspect the FlowTracker to be sure debris has not caught on the probe e Verify the FlowTracker mounting is stable e Consider any possible environmental influences particularly flow interference from under water structures or obstacles e Consider the measure
6. or other seeding material and stir the bucket well for good test conditions Regular tap water usually does not have enough scatterers seeding for a valid test Connect the FlowTracker to the PC and turn the system on Run the FlowTracker software click Start Programs SonTek Software FlowTracker Click Connect Select BeamCheck on the left side of the screen now o Click Start o Click Record to save all data to a file Typically a minimum of 20 pings 1s required for proper data analysis o Click Averaging to average multiple pings together Figure 11 shows a sample output screen Beam Check Ci Work Working Manuals Flow Tracker 30sFigures new sampleFTbmc Fle Edit Yew Beams Playback Options y J Rouse B Close Ping 33 33 Moise courts Fesk Pos cm Peak Level counts E 1254 ions pham 2 47 12 24 121 Fimy hack speed Pings Averaged 5 Hz FHowTracker amp P1108 B T12006 27 12 44 PM Averaged 33 pings Start Record Averaging Button Button Button m Ringing Sampling Boundary Volume Reflection E 1 Figure 11 BeamCheck Sample Output Screen 24 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSI In BeamCheck the FlowTracker sends a pulse of sound and outputs the return signal strength for each receiver as a function of time Features in the signal strength profile verify different aspects of system performance Figure 11 The horizontal axis i
7. station data using the Next Station and Prev Station keys 18 Press 0 to return to the main menu IMPORTANT Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to save all data tecalO 44 254 ers RatedQ 45 000 cfs IDEE decem eem ds TS O Exit or Enter More Wisbxobe lap 2 5 5 QI ete Mace 4 5950 1p 2 Qemseddc Que limeeceMiorwes Su cte dB revenge 4 4 S010 leo intel 2 000 Change Or FOO Es Owen eroe ORO ee caine 40 9 Sr Ike cM eas Num Stations O Exit or Enter More Depth Mean 2 77 ft Dejocla Meise 31S ite Q S Lie Ore imc a M re Pale SSS 3102 5 dob Mode Discharge AQOUL OG 2 Lele oasis O Exit or Enter More Num Stations 27 w Meem 1 43 ies V Max 2 21 ft s O Exit or Enter More SNR Mean 16 5 dB oy Mlexeugy 0 20 S ise A Ss Temper it Urco e 8 OSE TERO EEN eCe r No See Poudre River FC Operator Billy Bob O Exit or Enter More Table 2 3 Data Review Screen Details Stations Total number of stations including edges __ Mean velocity equals discharge area Maximum station velocity Width Totlwidh O Area Totlara Maximum station depth MeanSNR Meansignaltonoiseratio 5 1 First and last gauge height values and the Height Change difference between the two 1 8 Site Sitename S FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 nglish Units Metric Units ft s m s ft s m s ft s ft s ft ft ft t ft s
8. 07 SonTek YSl 1 7 System Functions Menu Main Menu lt 2 gt The System Functions screens are shown below Press Enter to switch between screens To change settings press the number shown l View Data File 4 Temperature Data 7 Auto QC Test 2 ReCOROCT VoObanus I BALCO ets 9 d oO Comic a gt Pormat Recorder 6 Raw Velocity Data 9 5et System Clock JSS Of ane a e E So ES OSE Qr ENE er Noe G e xu ane eE eE MOS The following settings are available in the System Functions menu e View Data File display data from an already completed file e Recorder Status display number of recorded files and remaining space e Format Recorder erase all files on recorder e Temperature Data display data from FlowTracker temperature sensor e Battery Data display battery voltage and remaining battery life o Battery capacity estimates are based on voltage and are only approximate o Cold weather reduces battery capacity check batteries after the system has acclimated to outside temperatures e Raw Velocity Data display raw velocity and SNR data to verify basic system operation o Press ENTER to stop data display e Auto QC Test an automatic test to verify system operation 1 7 1 e Show Config display system serial number probe type and firmware version e Set System Clock set and change internal FlowTracker clock 1 7 1 Automatic QC Test SmanQC The Auto QC Test is an automated version of the BeamChe
9. F ft 17 SonTek YSl 18 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Section 3 General Mode Operation The General Mode of data collection is for applications that need a series of current measure ments at different locations but do not require a discharge calculation The following parameters are recorded with each measurement none are required e Station number automatically generated e Two location variables L1 and L2 e Water depth Dep e Measurement depth MDep This section outlines a typical procedure when collecting data in the General Mode the sequence Of steps you use may vary based on your application Table 3 1 lists the items shown on the dis play screens during data collection Table 3 1 Data Collection Display Screen Details General Mode Sttionnumber S 0 L1 JLoctiovale l O ft m 12 Location value tm Dep Water depth tm MDep Mesurementdeph ft om Vx X velocity component ts Vy Y velocity component fs SNR Signal io noise ratio mean of all receivers 34 dB dB Time _ Time remaining in average ov Standard error tof velocity 5 1 tis ms Spikes Number of spikes edited from mean Bnd Boundary QC value 5 1 Number of points collected may differ from averaging time if Abort key used The following steps describe the data collection sequence when in General Mode Run pre deployment diagnostics before taking the instrum
10. Integration Japanese Equation Integration None V N ees Vi Vag Vi Va 42 V iisi V Na 42 V boton 0 7 V 1 6 power law Vau 1 2 V linear velocity change Figure 10 Multiple Point Mean Velocity Integration Correction Factor CF e CFisauser supplied parameter used to scale the station velocity e CF is most commonly used at edges internal islands and other Method None stations o The default CF value is 1 00 o Any value from 1 00 to 1 00 except 0 0 is allowed e The CF can be input for any station and mean velocity will be multiplied by the CF o One possible use is near the edges in very narrow streams the orientation of the Flow Tracker probe can be reversed 180 to allow measurement closer to the edge o A CF of 1 00 should be input to correct the FlowTracker X velocity e ncorrect use of this parameter will affect the final discharge measurement 2 1 5 Discharge Uncertainty Calculation smart The FlowTracker estimates the uncertainty of every discharge measurement This calculation can be done using two different ways Statistical or ISO e The Statistical abbreviated Stats uncertainty calculation uses a method developed by re searchers at the U S Geological Survery this 1s the default calculation as it provides the most reliable indicator of measurement qualtiy e The ISO method is based on the international standard It provides users with the results of a published standard technique however
11. SonTek YSI Inc 9940 Summers Ridge Road San Diego CA 92121 3091 USA Telephone 858 546 8327 e Fax 858 546 8150 E mail inquiry sontek com e Internet http www sontek com YSI incorporated FlowTracker Handheld ADV User s Manual Firmware Version 3 3 featuring Smart Copyright 2007 by SonTek YSI Inc All rights reserved This document may not in whole or in part be copied photocopied reproduced translated or reduced to any electronic medium or Machine readable form without prior consent in writing from SonTek Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual However SonTek makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose SonTek shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this manual or the examples herein The information in this document is subject to change without notice P N 6054 60051 C SonTek YSl WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS Thank you for purchasing a SonTek YSI FlowTracker The instrument was thoroughly tested at the factory and found to be in excellent working condition If the shipping crate appears dam aged or if the system is not operating properly please contact SonTek YSI immediately The system you have purchased is covered under a one year limited warranty that extends to all pa
12. Tracker cannot measure velocity oV standard error of velocity is a direct measure of the Typically lt accuracy of velocity data 0 01 m s 0 03 ft s e t includes the effects of turbulence in the river and in Higher in turbulent strument uncertainty environment Spikes in FlowTracker velocity data are removed using a spike filter Typically 5 of e Some spikes are common and no cause for concern total samples e Too many spikes indicate a problem in the measure Should be 10 of ment environment e g interference from underwater total samples obstacles or highly aerated water Angle is the direction of the measured velocity relative to the FlowTracker X axis e Used for discharge measurements only Ideally 20 e A good site should have small velocity angles e Large angles may be unavoidable at some sites Q is the percentage of the total discharge in a single Typical criteria measurement station Ideally lt 5 e Most agencies have criteria for the maximum Q Maximum lt 10 Boundary QC evaluates the measurement environment for interference from underwater obstacles pounce Wn M BEST or GOOD QC e FAIR or POOR results may indicate significant inter ference from an underwater obstacle 2 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 Ideally 10 dB Minimum gt 4 dB SonTek YSl Table 5 2 QC Warning Messages QC Criteria Suggested Action LowSNR None SNR 4dB e Improve SNR 5 2 Threshold b
13. Use the Prev Next Station keys to scroll through completed stations Three screens below are available for each completed station press Enter to scroll through the screens Sit ee Lore 3 dle 4100 DE 50 Dep 2 25 MDep 1 50 Press Enter For More Caro VR DAE S Wize OS MDep 1 50 War Cl d Noes 40 PRESS Enter For More En MDep 1 50 NEES Sue IES oV 0 02 Spikes O0 buc cds FOr More 12 When all stations are done press End Section to close the file and view summary data a Press Enter to move between the file summary screens below and Table 3 2 b Press Prev Station from any file summary screen to view station data scroll through all station data using the Next Station and Prev Station keys When done press 0 to exit and return to the main menu O d Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to ensure all data has been saved fale SSas e aO Mode General BOOL O6 25 q4 224 515 O Exit or Enter More Wee Mean 1 05 ac s Vy Mean 0 08 ft s Qe sw oue muse puce 20 Sie Poudre River FC OP r Eor Bal JN elo O Exit or Enter More woe Malia 0 68 ae Wy Min O I0 ices e sedg Son ane ea NOn SNR Mean 16 5 daB av Meena 0 0 9 IE TE S Temperature 63 2 F CSL Or Euge eue Iz see S Sos 0 20 5090 Num SiveicLeims ds OE Ore MIME A OS Woe Mes dic 69 d Wy Wex 0 54b IET S QE Oe Igue eee FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Table 3 2 Summary Displ
14. ailable from SonTek YSI e Language operating language for FlowTracker firmware 1 6 1 QC Settings Setup Parameters lt 4 gt SmatQC The QC Settings menu sets quality control criteria Discharge or General mode 5 1 Press 1 to set the SNR Threshold Press 2 to set the oV Threshold Press 3 to set the Spike Threshold Press 4 to set Max Velocity Angle 1 6 2 Discharge Settings Setup Parameters lt 5 gt The Discharge Settings menu specifies settings for discharge calculation e Press 1to set the discharge Equation 2 1 Mid Section Mean Section or J apanese e Press 2 to toggle Repeat Depth 2 1 between YES NO o Normally used only with the J apanese discharge equation e Press 3 to toggle Repeat Velocity 2 1 between YES NO o Normally used only with the J apanese discharge equation Press 4 to set Max Section Discharge 5 1 Press 5 to set Max Depth Change 5 1 Press 6 to set Max Location Change 5 1 Press 7 to set the discharge Reference value o Section discharge Q is calculated from either the Rated or Measured discharge e Press 8to select the Methods Displayed o The FlowTracker supports several methods to determine mean velocity 2 1 4 o This selects methods for display when using the Method and Method keys e Press 9 to select set the discharge Uncertainty calculation 2 1 5 o Two method of uncertainty calculation are supported ISO and Statistical 6 FlowTracker User s Manual July 20
15. ations Station Width W Loc Loc Station Area Area W Dep Dep 2 Mean Station Velocity MeanV Vel Vel 2 Station Discharge Q Area MeanV Total Discharge Sum Q Figure 8 Discharge Measurement Mean Section Equation FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl 2 1 3 Japanese Discharge Equation The J apanese discharge equation Figure 9 includes several modifications to the data collection procedures described earlier 2 1 1 2 1 2 Velocity is only measured at every second station Depth for each station is recorded twice the mean value is used for discharge calculations Each velocity measurement is repeated twice the mean is used for discharge calculations Discharge Measurement Japanese Equation Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel W W W WW W W Wo Wi vV P4 gt lt b gt e 4 pa x TELLER NACION LLL NENNT ERR LLL LE Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Area JD Y Area m n Area Area 3 Are a 7 Are do Width area and discharge are calculated only for stations that include a velocity measurement Station Width W Loc Loc Station Area Area Loc Loc Dep Dep 2 Loc Loc Dep Dep 2 Station Discharge Q Area Vel Total Discharge sum Q
16. ay Screen Details General Mode Stations Total number of stations including edges LR Site Siename Operator Opertorname Jo SNR Mean Mean signal to noise ratio 51 dB dB gV Mean _ Mean standard error of velocity 5 1 fts m s Mean water temperature FE FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 21 SonTek YSl 22 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Section 4 FlowTracker Windows Software The FlowTracker software 1s intended to be self explanatory The software can be found on the CD included with the system or downloaded from the SonTek YSI website at www sontek com Additional documentation is available in the software and the FlowTracker Technical Manual To install the FlowTracker software on your computer e Insert the distribution CD in your computer e An installation menu should automatically appear after the CD has been inserted e Click the FlowTracker Software Installation button and follow the instructions e FlowTracker software is compatible with Windows 2000 and XP The FlowTracker software serves several functions e Download data files using Recorder o Connect the FlowTracker to a COM port on your computer and click Connect e Export data files and generate reports using Open a FlowTracker File o Select data export options using Program Settings o Several outputs are available HTML Report A formatted report for easy viewing a
17. ck software 4 1 e Place the probe in moving water away from underwater obstacles e Data collection and analysis takes 30 seconds e f any warnings are issued you are given an option to repeat the test o We recommend repeating the test once after first checking that the probe and sampling volume are well away from any underwater obstacles o If multiple warnings are received run BeamCheck from a PC 4 1 to evaluate Flow Tracker performance in more detail 1 8 QC Menu SmantQC The QC Menu is available during data collection for the following functions e Input supplemental data o Each record includes gauge height rated flow a time stamp and user comments Modify QC Settings 1 6 1 Modify Discharge Settings 1 6 2 Discharge mode only Change the averaging time Avg Time used for each measurement Display Raw Velocity Data Run and record an additional Auto QC Test 1 7 1 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 7 SonTek YSl 1 9 Pre Deployment Diagnostics Simple diagnostic procedures are provided to verify system operation BeamCheck requires an external computer Other procedures require only a few minutes and can be performed in the field from the keypad interface These should be performed before each data run BeamCheck e BeamCheck lets you evaluate all aspects of system performance and should be run before an extended field trip about once per week e Using BeamCheck for the first time will require ab
18. dary QC 28 e Look for underwater obstacles repeat measurement e Check probe operation 4 1 e Look for underwater obstacles repeat measurement e Look for environmental sources e g aerated water e Look for underwater obstacles or other changes in river condition e Repeat measurement e Look for underwater obstacles or a change in conditions e Consider real turbulence levels in river e Repeat measurement e Look for underwater obstacles or unusual conditions e g aerated water e Repeat measurement e Consider if measured angle 1s realistic e Repeat measurement if needed e Consider adding more stations e Verify station depth value e Re enter if needed e Verify station location value e Re enter if needed e Verify station location value e Re enter if needed e Consider re locating probe and repeating test e Measurement can proceed if re sults are consistent FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl 5 2 Seeding If velocity data appears noisy the most common cause is low SNR a lack of scattering mate rial in the water Visual inspection 1s not an acceptable method for determining the amount of particles in the water and no simple relationship exists with turbidity If you are unsure as to whether a stream is too clear for a FlowTracker simply place it in the water to check the SNR values See the FlowTracker Principles of Operation for details about
19. e Main Menu From the Main Menu press the appropriate key to access the desired function e Press 1 for the Setup Parameters Menu see 1 6 Main Menu e Press 2 for the System Functions Menu see 1 7 1 Setup Parameters e Press 3 to start a data run Zi d eee Jouer Lois o erecti Det Jute IMPORTANT Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to ensure all data is properly saved FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 9 SonTek YSl 1 6 Setup Parameters Menu Main Menu 1 Setup parameters determine how the FlowTracker collects data menu screens shown below Press Enter to switch between screens To change settings press the number shown Le Dhohe S ting destin 4 0C Settings 7 Language English 2 Avg Time 40 5 Discharge Settings 3 Mode Discharge OS Sell miaabie v7 10 Qa OSs Or ines eE MO EE Qld Or Hieer Aue eJImxedi Of dEueec U oce The following settings are available in the Setup Parameters menu e Units English or Metric units for display of all data Avg Time the length of data collection for each measurement 10 to 1000 seconds Mode data collection mode as Discharge Section 2 or General Section 3 QC Settings settings for automatic review of quality control data 1 6 1 Discharge Settings settings for discharge calculation 1 6 2 Salinity water salinity in ppt used for sound speed calculations o In salt water install a zinc anode for corrosion protection av
20. eams is gt SNR Threshold One second SNR data varies more than expected during a SNR Variation measurement May indicate underwater interference or a highly aerated environment SNR more than SNR Threshold SNR Change SNR different previous measure reshold ments major change in meas urement conditions oV gt oV Threshold adjusted based on previous data and High oV oV Threshold measured velocity May indi cate interference or a highly turbulent environment High Angle High Q Suspect Depth Value SNR Difference in SNR for any 2 Spikes gt Spike Threshold per cent of samples May indicate poor measurement conditions Spike Thresh old Angle gt Max Velocity Angle May only indicate non ideal measurement environment Q gt Max Section Discharge Station contains a large portion of the total discharge Station depth differs from adja cent stations by more than Max Depth Change o This may in dicate a data entry problem Spacing between stations has changed by more than Max Lo cation Change This may in dicate a data entry problem Station location out of se quence or outside river edge This may indicate a data entry problem Max Velocity Angle Max Section Discharge Max Depth Change Max Location Change Suspect Loca tion Value Location Out of Order Location Out side Edge Boundary QC is FAIR or POOR Indicates possible interference from underwater obstacles Bad Boun
21. ent to the field 1 9 Check Setup Parameters From the Main Menu press 3 to Start Data Run Specify file name and extension or press Abort or End Section to return to the Main Menu Input site and operator name these are optional values used only to document the data set At any point press QC Menu to access a variety of special functions 1 8 You are prompted to conduct an automatic QC test 1 7 1 SmartQC a Press 1 to run the automatic QC test and follow on screen instructions b Press 2 to skip the test and begin data collection 8 Station information will be displayed right a Press Set Location to set location 1 L1 and location 2 L2 values b Press Set Depth to set water depth Dep m c Press Set Meas Depth to set measurement depth MDep d When the probe is located at the desired station press Doe ue SUE bZ OU MDep 0 00 Measure to start data collection ee een ee SYN NB WN FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 19 SonTek YSl 9 When the station 1s complete a summary of velocity and quality control data 1s shown right a Press 1 to accept the measurement and move on to the next station b Press 2 to repeat the measurement using the same station number DUE D Way 0h az Spikes 0 1 Accept oV 0 02 SINE IS Boel E 1 2 Repeat 10 When a measurement is accepted the FlowTracker displays the next station Repeat Steps 6 through 9 to add additional stations 11
22. ertainty calculations can be found in the FlowTracker Technical Manual FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl 2 2 Discharge Data Collection Procedure This section outlines a typical procedure when collecting data in the Discharge Mode The actual sequence of steps may vary based on your application Table 2 2 lists the items shown on the display screen during data collection Table 2 2 Data Collection Display Items nglish M RatedQ Rated discharge as input by the user ft s Totalo Computed discharge based on FlowTracker measurements ft s ft t 3 m s Water depth f Measurement depth e Fractional depth is first e g 0 6 indicates 0 6 depth down from the surface ft e Actual depth in parenthesis is second This is referenced from the bottom up and includes the effect of ice if present mss EN m ft s dB fus ms NEN NEN ENN irect E t ft s Station discharge as percent of either rated or measured dis charge based on the discharge Reference value The following steps describe the data collection sequence when in Discharge Mode Number of spikes removed from mean 5 1 Boundary QC value 5 1 2 09 un Run pre deployment diagnostics before taking the instrument to the field 1 9 Check Setup Parameters From the Main Menu press 3 to Start Data Run Specify file name and extension or press Abort or End Section to return t
23. in many cases this calculation may not provide a reliable indicator of data quality see FlowTracker Technical Manual for details The uncertainty calculations are based on several different parameters In addition to overall un certainty the FlowTracker also looks at the contribution of each parameter e Accuracy the accuracy of FlowTracker velocity this 1s generally negligible e Depth o In the Statistical calculation this term includes both uncertainty in the depth measure ment and the effect of changes in depth between stations o In the ISO calculation this term includes only the uncertainty in depth measurements FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 13 SonTek YSl e Velocity o In the Statistical calculation this term includes both uncertainty in the velocity meas urement and the effect of changes in velocity between stations o In the ISO calculation this term includes only the uncertainty in velocity measurements e Width o Estimated uncertainty in width measurements e Method Discharge measurement method 82 1 4 o Use for the ISO method only e Number of stations o Use for the ISO method only In the FlowTracker real time display uncertainty is shown with the calculated discharge the largest individual source of uncertainty is also shown The FlowTracker software program shows both uncertainty calculations and the contribution of each parameter to the overall uncertainty A complete description of the discharge unc
24. mation e Handheld controller The controller is designed to withstand temporary submersion but is not intended for underwater operation The battery compartment is on the back Smart The FlowTracker has several QA QC features designed to increase data integrity Some of these features have bounds that can be set by the user while others automatically adapt to the given situation SmartQC refers to the collective ability of all these features towards helping you make a better measurement Specific QA QC features are identified in this manual with the SmartQC symbol FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 1 SonTek YSl 1 2 Battery Power The FlowTracker uses eight AA batteries alkaline NiMH or NiCad Table 1 1 lists approxi mate new battery operating parameters Table 1 1 FlowTracker Battery Types Alkaline NiMH NiCad p New battery voltage 12 0 V 102V 2V 100V 0V Approximate operating life To check FlowTracker battery level and estimated battery capacity e Press 5 from the System Functions Menu e Battery life estimates are at 20 C 70 F cold weather greatly reduces battery capacity Check battery capacity with the system acclimated to the outside temperature The batteries are accessed from the back of the FlowTracker handheld controller Figure 2 To change the batteries use the following steps Turn the system off Remove the six screws holding the battery compartment lid to the main
25. ment environment Highly turbulent or highly aerated water will greatly affect FlowTracker operation e Consider the orientation of the probe with respect to the flow direction to be sure the probe is not causing flow interference in the sampling volume 1 3 e Run BeamCheck 4 1 this can address all aspects of FlowTracker operation FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 29 SonTek YSl 30 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Appendix A FlowTracker Principles of Operation A 1 Introduction The FlowTracker uses the proven technology of the SonTek YSI Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter ADV from a simple handheld interface ADV technology provides several advantages e Accurate velocity measurements in a remote sampling volume e 2D or 3D velocity measurements depending on probe configuration e nvariant factory calibration no periodic recalibration required e Excellent performance for low and high flows accuracy 1 of measured velocity This appendix presents a general overview of the operating principles the FlowTracker To learn more see the FlowTracker Technical Manual or contact SonTek YSI A 2 The Doppler Shift The Doppler principle says that if a source of sound is moving relative to the receiver the fre quency of the sound at the receiver is shifted from the transmit frequency The most common ex ample of this is a train whistle the pitch sounds higher when the train is approaching and lower a
26. n Velocity Discharge Measurement Method 1 213 Inehuee er A ca essere s d vba dad DKL R MERE ACUERDA RUP EOD HAIR RUE 13 2 Dineh Daat oleecan Procedu pi espetdi n HAE bUE RU noraa DPRI PIER PSU REP Ern Hn dS 15 Section 3 Gener Mode DDEPIDDE usen uon gati kel Gotb lenia nhan ana delia UR 19 Section 4 FlowTracker Windows Software eee e eee eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eeoo 23 4L Diagnostic Sottware Beam DOG oneesise cdi dx ren E EPREERK KH MDU bDR LIE REDEEM EREEA MI dX RIDE GS 24 Section 5 Quality Control Data SmartQC and Troubleshooting 27 She Consi sco Hbc ETE Zi TLl Aoo uay Mora RT IT TT PA Bit vl mre 29 25 Velocity Data Appears Noisy or L BteasopnabBe iae ride inar eo Hia o arelEHd a i 29 Appendix A FlowTracker Principles of Operation ccccccccccccccssccsssccccccccccccccessceees 31 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 ii SonTek YSl WO FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Section 1 Getting Started Operational Overview 1 1 System Components Handheld LCD Screen Controller Keypad Flow Tracker Probe External Power Communications Connector Figure 1 FlowTracker with 2D Probe Figure 1 shows the FlowTracker with all major components labeled e Probe The probe contains the acoustic elements used to measure velocity See the FlowTracker Principles of Operation for more infor
27. nd printing ASCII Discharge File DIS Final results in a form that is easy to integrate with data base utilities ASCII Summary File SUM Summary velocity and quality control data from all measurements ASCII Raw Data File DAT Raw one second velocity and SNR data ASCII Control File CTL System configuration data o Output formats should be self explanatory and include optional column headers e Export data files and generate reports for multiple files using Open Many FlowTracker Files Folders e Detailed system diagnostic procedures using BeamCheck o BeamCheck is a module used to evaluate all aspects of system operation 4 1 o Connect the FlowTracker to a COM port on your computer and click Connect FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 23 SonTek YSl 4 1 Diagnostic Software BeamCheck BeamCheck Figure 11 1s a diagnostic program that 1s used to verify FlowTracker performance This 1s the same diagnostic program used at SonTek it provides you with a powerful tool for un derstanding and verifying system performance We recommend you become familiar with this software and use it on a regular basis To run BeamCheck e Hold the FlowTracker in a bucket of water or a natural environment such that the probe is submerged and there is a boundary surface side or bottom within view o Ideally the boundary should be placed 20 30 cm 8 12 1n from the probe o You may need to add a small amount of fine dirt
28. nd when the train is moving away The FlowTracker uses the Doppler shift by measuring the change in frequency of sound that is reflected off particles 1n the water A 2 I Bistatic Doppler Current Meters Figure 12 shows the FlowTracker probe a bistatic Doppler current meter e Bistatic means separate acoustic transducers are used for transmitter and receiver e The receivers are mounted to focus at a fixed distance 10 cm 4 in from the probe e The beam intersection determines the location of the sampling volume Internally Mounted Temperature Sensor Acoustic Acoustic Receiver Transmitter A Em E Acoustic Receiver Cylindrical Sampling Volume Fixed Distance to 6 mm Diameter Remote Sampling Volume 9 mm Height 10 cm nominal Figure 12 FlowTracker 2D Side Looking Probe and Sampling Volume FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 31 SonTek YSl The FlowTracker measures velocity as follows e The transmitter generates a short pulse of sound at a known frequency e As the pulse passes through the sampling volume sound is reflected in all directions by particulate matter sediment small organisms bubbles e The acoustic receivers sample the reflected signal e The FlowTracker measures the change in frequency Doppler shift for each receiver A 2 2 Beam Geometry and 3D Velocity Measurements A single transmit receive pair measures the projection of the water velocity onto the bistatic axis The bistatic axis
29. ndicates the range from the FlowTracker probe in cm The vertical axis is in internal signal strength units called counts 1 count 0 43 dB Ringing from the transmit pulse appears on the left side of the graph The location of the sampling volume is indicated by increased signal strength in a bell shaped curve o The sampling volume curve corresponds to the transmit pulse passing through the focal point of the receivers o The peak of this curve corresponds to the center of the sampling volume o The location of the sampling volume varies but is typically 10 12 cm o All receivers 2 or 3 should see the peak in the same location although there will be variation in the height and shape of the curve e A sharp spike indicates a boundary reflection if a boundary is within range o If the probe is close to a boundary a sharp reflection should be seen o The size and shape of this reflection will vary depending on the nature of the boundary and its distance from the FlowTracker e Signal strength decreases to the electronic noise level past the boundary When using BeamCheck it is important to understand that the output plot will vary considerably because of the nature of acoustic scattering e Each of the above items should be visible Figure 11 e f nosampling volume peak can be seen try adding some fine dirt or other seeding material and stirring the water to increase the signal strength e If the BeamCheck output differs significantly
30. o the Main Menu Enter site and operator name these are optional values used only to document the data set At any point press QC Menu to access a variety of special functions 1 8 You are prompted to conduct an automatic QC test 1 7 1 5martQt a Press 1to run the automatic QC test and follow on screen instructions b Press 2 to skip the test and begin data collection 8 Starting edge information will be displayed right a Press Set Location to set starting edge location Loc Starting Idee b Press Set Depth to set starting edge water depth Dep Boe 1 09 Dep 0 50 c Press Corr Factor to set any required correction factor LEW CE 1 or CF see 2 1 4 Paese Nep Station YN NN BWN FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 15 SonTek YSl 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 d Press LEW REW to toggle the starting edge of water left or right e When complete press Next Station to continue Station information will be displayed right Loc 2 00 a Press Set Location to set station location Loc Q 69 4 b Press Set Depth to set water depth Dep Dep 1 35 c Use Method and Method to select the method used for Enter More velocity at that station 2 1 4 When all values are specified and the probe is in position press Measure When the station 1s complete a summary of velocity and quality control data is shown right Vel 2 25 oV 0 04 a Data are automatically reviewed using several
31. or CF Edge Velocity Vel CF Vel Edge Discharge Q Area Vel Total Discharge Sum Q Figure 7 Discharge Measurement Mid Section Equation FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 9 SonTek YSl 2 1 2 Mean Section Discharge Equation The Mean Section discharge equation Figure 8 uses the same data collection procedure as the Mid Section equation 2 1 1 but differs in the details of how discharge is calculated It is de scribed in ISO standards 748 1997 and 9196 1992 Discharge Measurement Mean Section Equation Loc Vel Loc Vel Loc Loc Vel Loc Vel Loc Vel W W W 2 gt lt Loc Vel Loc Vel Loc Vel Loc Vel Loc Loc Vel Vel Loc W W TA gt lt a A Dep k Dep k Dep Dep Areas Area Area Area Edge Calculations Starting edge second edge of internal island Q W Area 0 0 Ending edge first edge of internal island i edge station Loc Dep Edge Width W Loc Loc Edge Area Area W Dep Dep 2 Edge Correction Factor CF Edge Velocity Vel CF Vel Dep M Mean Edge Velocity MeanV Vel Vel 2 Edge Discharge Q Area Vel Dep Dep A A Dep Dep Dep Dep Area Area c Stas 7 Area Area Area Area Area Open Water Calcul
32. or information concerning new products and software firmware upgrades Flow racker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl TABLE OF CONTENTS WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS Gaeasxibnikhuia e bab actua nha vi anhdun ned t ii LUONTACE INPORMA TE I MoR p Va iU Ein a ii Section 1 Getting Started Operational Overview ecce eee e eee ee e eere ee eee eee 1 UNPMEE 00 o Eon CREER RTT i La Daey PONOT aiseanna EA EE AEEA E i Lo Mounino SN IRE AERE e Pe MERMEPOLEU REND EAEE EN 3 1 3 1 Probe Orientation During Data Collection 2uiassaues bursa re oaa inp b Rer bred daa aa e baci 3 Ld E ene tig geet eet mei gta ccMM PIU MMe Mie QM ecM E i bdMMM ie 5 Loe i omoi RP 5 L6 etepPanineterm Mons Man Mom D asina a ERO eH EUER EA DEPR EHE aV KLAR UU 6 LEIL OC PRDUIUSIBPRE AO occa DAC ONE UHR enemas 6 Lo Iuscharpeselnps Setup Parameters 96 aeaicaciestcxscausorasnsdaccsaeednmnsasasencantaunsaioseeians 6 lf System Funchons Menu Main Menu 2o coaseepk t UHR REGUM Erri n YOU UM HERR 7 PASE UGGS bac o TeS ROREM 7 1 8 EL BILL ee ME Teer e ee MPT Rn EMEN NM DM MEM EM er heen PM A M rd 7 LA I ou Dnr nOs OT errn rnana eA NEER EKEN REE EEEn 8 Section 2 IC 20 Mensur IONS niceties 9 dds TG inr eI TT 9 Zl Ma secion RG BOO Ob osebeb Ha pde E 9 2 1 2 Mean Section Discharge BOauidlioa uos eiecti abad YR EPA REF EEU ERA ERE EDDA EPA EE EPIM MIS 10 CNN Eni pea e E T a 11 2 1 4 Determining Mean Statio
33. out 30 minutes experienced users should need about 5 minutes e The system must be connected to an external PC BeamCheck details are described in 4 1 Field diagnostics e Recorder Status 2 in System Functions Menu o Check available space download data and format the recorder as needed e Temperature Data 4 in System Functions Menu o Check temperature data to be sure it 1s reasonable for the environment Battery Data 5 in System Functions Menu o Expected life from new batteries 20 C 70 F cold weather reduces capacity Alkaline 25 hours NiMH 15 hours NiCad 7 hours e Raw Velocity Data 6 in System Functions Menu o Place the probe in the area to be measured o SNR data should ideally be above 10 dB but at least 4 dB o Velocity data should appear reasonable for the environment System Clock 9 in System Functions Menu o Verify the clock is correctly set 8 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSI Section 2 Discharge Measurements Discharge Mode is for applications where the primary goal is to measure river stream discharge Section 2 1 describes the measurement methodology and discharge calculations Section 2 2 de scribes how to make discharge measurements with the FlowTracker 2 1 Discharge Calculation Equation The basic procedure for making a discharge measurement follows e A graduated tag line is strung across the river e At each station the operator records the station location and wate
34. ow the red band which marks receiver arm 1 should face downstream Figure 5 shows the FlowTracker XYZ coordinate system Graduated Tag Line Primary Flow Y Ss Direction r a uu p ampling Pane Volume Coordinate System Figure 4 FlowTracker Probe Orientation Relative to Stream Flow FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 3 SonTek YSl Figure 5 FlowTracker XYZ Coordinate Systems 4 FlowTracker Users Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl 1 4 Keypad 2 ABC 4 Cjl 5 JKL 7 pars 8 TUV Figure 6 FlowTracker Keypad Figure 6 shows the FlowTracker keypad Many keys serve multiple functions the use of a few special keys 1s described below Special keypad overlays are available in each language sup ported by the FlowTracker to translated key functions On Off 9 e To turn the system on hold the On Off switch for 1 second until the LCD screen turns on e To turn the system off hold the On Off switch for 4 seconds until the LCD screen resets IMPORTANT Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to ensure all data is properly saved Back Light ES e This key turns the LCD backlight on off the backlight turns off after minute Letters A Z e These keys are used to enter text for the filename and for comments in the file e Text entry 1s done in the same manner as for mobile phones 1 5 Main Menu When turned on the FlowTracker displays a wake up screen Pressing Enter displays th
35. quality Bag Sus c ES dl control criteria 5 1 If any data are outside expected Spikes 0 Bnd BEST values a warning is issued l Accept 2 Repeat b The values represent the mean over the entire averaging period after removing any spikes c Press 1 to accept the measurement and move on to the next measurement d Press 2 to repeat the measurement using the same station number If there is more than one measurement at a station e g method 0 2 0 8 the system proceeds to the next measurement in the series e g 0 5 a With Multi Pt the FlowTracker allows any number of measurements for each station b When the last measurement is complete press End Section or Abort to end that station When a station is completed the FlowTracker displays the next station Repeat Steps 9 through 12 to add additional stations Between stations you can use Next Prev Station to scroll through completed stations a Stations are sorted based on location and displayed in that order b Four screens are available for completed stations press Enter to scroll through screens LOG 2s U0 SVE loos dE JOE 27500 OF 6 9L ot Npts 40 0 6 0 54 Dep 1 35 Wed 25S i Que ecu e enG 57 Enter More cu mue dt loe Stele KOC 2 000 SNE IRA 5 C2610 S24 um OM AIT TEES oV 0 04 Bnd BEST SEV 2625 E e Soles moter Nore 30 2 5 Enter More c Use Calculate Disch to view the total discharge TotalQ TotalQ 44 234 cfs for all completed stations righ
36. r depth and takes velocity measurements at one or more depths to determine the mean velocity e The probe s X axis is maintained perpendicular to the tag line Figure 4 o Only the X component of velocity Vx is used for discharge calculation The FlowTracker supports the following equations for calculating discharge Mid Section equa tion 2 1 1 Mean Section equation 2 1 2 and the J apanese equation 2 1 3 2 1 1 Mid Section Discharge Equation The Mid Section discharge equation Figure 7 is the default and the most commonly used This method is used by the U S Geological Survey USGS and is described in ISO standards 748 1997 and 9196 1992 Discharge Measurement Mid Section Equation Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel W W W W Ws RAS gt lt gt e gt be gt be gt be gt e gt be gt a EN NDep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep AN we Area N ANS Area Area At a Area Area Edge Calculations Starting Ending Internal Island Open Water Calculations i edge station Loc Dep Station Width W Loc Loc 2 j adjacent station with velocity Loc Dep Vel Station Area Area W Dep Edge Width W Loc Loc 2 Station Velocity Vel Edge Area Area W Dep Station Discharge Q Area Vel Edge Correction Fact
37. rts and labor for any malfunction due to workmanship or errors in the manufacturing process The warranty does not cover shortcomings that are due to the design nor does it cover any form of incidental damage as a result of errors in the measurements If your system is not functioning properly first try to identify the source of the problem If addi tional support is required we encourage you to contact us immediately and we will work to re solve the problem as quickly as possible If the system needs to be returned to the factory please contact SonTek YSI to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA number We reserve the right to refuse receipt of shipments without RMAs We require the system to be shipped back in the original shipping container us ing the original packing material with all delivery costs covered by the customer including all taxes and duties If the system is returned without appropriate packing the customer will be re quired to cover the cost of a new packaging crate and material CONTACT INFORMATION Any questions concerns or suggestions can be directed to SonTek by telephone fax or email Business hours are 8 00 a m to 5 00 p m Pacific Standard Time Monday through Friday Phone 858 546 8327 Fax 858 546 8150 Email inquiry sontek com General information sales sontek com Sales information support sontek com Support information Web http www sontek com See our web site f
38. t p p y measurements are not possible e g due to weed growth along a river bank 5 Point 5 Point There are a few special cases to consider Method None e Method None is used in two different situations o No measurement is possible and velocity is estimated from adjacent station s o To specify the banks of an internal island for a multiple channel river e Ifa single Method None station is recorded it is assumed that no measurement was possible o Velocity for this station is based on adjacent station s multiplied by the user specified correction factor CF for this station The default CF 1s 1 00 e If two Method None stations are recorded together they are assumed to represent an internal island and discharge 1s calculated accordingly Method Multi Pt e This allows you to make any number of velocity measurements o Manually enter the measurement depth using the Set Meas Depth key Measurement depth should indicate the distance above the bottom o When all measurements are done press End Section or Abort to complete the station e The mean velocity is calculated by integrating all velocity measurements Figure 10 o If multiple measurements are made at the same measurement depth these measurements are averaged prior to the velocity integration 42 7 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl Multiple Point Mean Velocity Integration Surface Surface Bottom Bottom Mid and Mean Section
39. t This is a temporary Rated 45 000 cts calculation and does not affect ongoing data collection Difference 1 Pross Ent r It is possible to delete or repeat a station 1f desired a To delete an existing completed station Use the Next Station and Previous Station keys to scroll to the desired station Press the Delete key when prompted enter 123 to confirm the deletion b To repeat a station First Delete the desired station Enter the location depth and measurement method of the station to be repeated The new station data automatically sorts to the correct position based on location value When all stations are completed press the End Section key a The FlowTracker reviews all data using several quality control criteria 5 1 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007 SonTek YSl b When the review is complete the ending edge screen is shown c Next Station and Previous Station can be used to view edit other stations To add new measurements press the Measure key and confirm when prompted that you wish to re open the file and add measurements d When ready press Calculate Disch to complete discharge calculations and close the file 17 After final discharge calculations are complete nine screens of data are available a Press Enter to move between the different display screens below and Table 2 3 b Press Prev Station from any file summary screen to view the station data scroll through all
40. tion to quickly evaluate the quality of velocity data 5 1 Standard Error of Velocity Signal to Noise Ratio SNR Spike Filtering Flow Angle Boundary Adjustment 32 FlowTracker User s Manual July 2007
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