HYPACT v1.2 User`s Guide
Contents
1. A Lagrangian model on the other hand is capable of representing a source of any size and of maintaining a concentrated narrow tracer plume downwind of the source until atmospheric dispersion dictates that the plume should broaden A unique feature of HYPACT is that once a plume of Lagrangian tracer particles becomes sufficiently broad downstream from a source region it can be converted to a well resolved concentration field and advected using an Eulerian formulation This hybrid approach allows high particle emission rates to be specified for a source to achieve good plume resolution without retaining all particles so far into the future that excessively large numbers of them accumulate Tracer sources that are well resolved on a grid may alternatively be specified as gridded sources in HYPACT and transported entirely by a Eulerian formulation HYPACT carries out Eulerian tracer prediction much faster than RAMS because it does not predict its own wind pressure temperature moisture or turbulence fields In order to run HYPACT from RAMS the latter must be run first to generate a series of output analysis files These contain wind potential temperature and turbulent kinetic energy fields at the output times of the atmospheric simulation HYPACT reads these data from the analysis files and interpolates them in time between file times for each HYPACT timestep for determining transport and diffusion For Eulerian concentration prediction HYPACT2. Thus the latter should be sufficient y high that no part of the source is underground i e at least half the value of stez A multi valued variable indicating a rotation angle in degrees in a clockwise manner about a vertical axis of a source This allows basic shapes such as rectangle or ellipse to be first indicated with principal axes parallel to the x and y axes of the HYPACT grid and then for those shapes to be re oriented in any direction desired A positive angle causes a clockwise rotation as viewed from above t Each array must contain entries for each source noting the flexibility demonstrated in the example below Page 19 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Source Namelist Examples The following gives an example for each type of source Note that different parameters apply in different ways to the sources and some placeholders may be required although they will not get used There are two recommended ways to specify sources either by using placeholders drcname liii 1 Power 1l Power 2 Ponds Mill 2 Shape rec tri 5 poly ell poi um g E ep39 7 40 40 2 grox 7104 2 0 82 7 105 105 2 0 0 8000 0 0 0 8000 0 0 100 10 0 2 40 075 40 076 40 071 2 104 721 104 723 104 722 3 40 075 40 075 40 071 40 071 3 104 721 104 723 104 724 104 720 otation 15 0 0 40 0 Note the placeholders e The second values of s nd pose not used fo
3. the total scaling option is a good way to get a sensible emission with a known total amount of particles In this way you can ensure that you release enough particles per timestep so that you get good concentration definition in the region of most interest from a Lagrangian particle source Relevant Namelist Settings dtpart 50 s size 10 m Fee 10m asize Om ug duration 21600 s 6 hours as specified by tot al 4320 particles total released fro this emission 0 ug m2 s UNKNOWN calculated by HYPACT 1 000 000 ug particle particle rate total particles timestep release duration 50 s 1 parts particle rate 4320 parts 10 timestep 21600 s timestep emission rate particle rate mass ratio size timestep parts ratio 10 parts 1 000 000 ug 1 timestep rat Size timestep timestep particle 100 m2 50 s 2 000 ug m2 s 200 000 ug s 0 2 kg s Source Summary Output Model Emission Source 2 Source 2 MTP Species 1 N CO B 2 N Type definition both EOE Source shape square Location lat long i 41 07310 71 92330 Centre x y z 173972 5 65746 22 25 00000 m Height Dimension 0 000000 m Horizontal Dimensions 10 00000 x 10 00000 m2 Size 100 0000 m2 Emission times start 0 000000 S end 21600 00 S duration 21600 00 S Timestep 50 00000 S Timesteps 432 0000 Particles to release 10 00000 per timestep 4320 000 total for this source
4. 000 total for this source Mass per particle 1000000 ug particle Emission 200000 0 ug s 2000 000 ug m2 s 1 0000000E 07 ug timestep 4 3200000E 09 ug total for this source Page 30 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Example 5 Specific Typical Usage Used when the particle mass ratio is unknown and particularly useful when you know the release rate per m or in whatever spatial units the source is described in You also have control on the number of particles being released per timestep Relevant Namelist Settings dtpart 50 s size p eil Size 10m 10m Om uration 21600 s 6 hours as specified by gcaling spe cific umparts 10 particles s 2 000 ug m2 s dese 0 ug particle UNKNOWN calculated by HYPACT mass ratio emission rate size timestep particle rate 2 000 ug 50 s S mass ratio 100 m2 amp m2 s timestep 10 particles 1 000 000 ug particle 1 kg particle Source Summary Output Model Emission Source 5 Source 5 BLM Species 2 N S0 B 2 N Type definition both spe Source shape square Location lat long 40 18330 74 13330 Centre x y z m 11317 39 35184 75 25 00000 m Height Dimension 0 000000 m Horizontal Dimensions 10 00000 x 10 00000 m2 Size 100 0000 m2 Emission times start 0 000000 S end 21600 00 duration 21600 00 S Timestep 50 00000 S Timesteps 432 0000 Particles to release 10 0
5. 4 3200000E 09 particles 1 kg particle 2 N 74 58670 114885 1 25 00000 m m x 10 00000 m2 m2 S S S S per timestep total for this source ug particle ug s ug m2 s ug timestep ug total for this source Page 32 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide HYPACT Output Files Filename convention notes 1 following filenames represents the date string yyyy mm dd hhmm 2 if represents the grid number 3 In the following examples the SPETEBF names yarlable hyppref 5 aa HYPACT Specification File FORTRAN free format ASCI file a spec Main header line File VersiOn sate oe oe eee ewer re eS i Number cf Sources a san npsources Number of Species 2 Rn nspecies Average Source Location lat lon xavg yavg Average Source Height ASL zavg HYPACT Run Start sus 2281280005 iy imn id ih im Then for each source Source ID zensiert psource nsrc Source Type uralten type nsrc Source Name wee xo bx EI ILE S TE srcname nsrc l indxl Source Location lat lon srcy nsrc srcx nsrc Source Height AGL ASL srcez nsrc zasl nsrc Species ID sses sea aka nn Bene pspecies species nsrc Species Name russian Specname species nsrc Mass UNITS e wee Bae aoe ae enone units species nsrc Hybrid Grid File FORTRAN free format ASCI file a hgrid Main header line File Version scene i Grid Dim
6. Version 1 2 0 User s Guide SPECIES Namelist specfile The U d filename containing the species database up to 80 characters character An ex the file format follows this table Note that the path is optional and can be either relative or absolute no path is equivalent to If specfile is set to none the species database is read from the followi elist parameters If specfile points to a database file with the exception of eit remaining SPECIES namelist parameters are overwritten specname A multi valued parameter specifying the name of each species up to 30 characters charaeigr long specname can include standard NCAR Graphics sub and superscripting code array This information is stored in the output SPEC file and so it is useful for later plotting with NCAR Graphics N denotes the beginning of normal text B subscripted text and S superscripted text all delimited It is safest to start and end with an N for example N CO B 2 N results in CO A multi valued parameter specifying the molecular weight of each species in grams HET wgtmol is used to calculate Eulerian d age in parts per trillion if u in nanograms un per million ppm if u in micrograms ug and parts per thousand if units 1s in milligrams mg A multi valued parameter specifying the mass units applied to the emission rate and ratio up to 30 characters long units can be set to ng nanograms ug micrograms Ud units set here should be
7. ass per particle 1000000 ug particle Emission rate 2000 000 ug m2 s 200000 0 ug s 1 0000000E 07 ug timestep 4 3200000E 09 ug total for this source Page 28 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Example 3 Specific Typical Usage Used when you have a maximum specification for the particle mass ratio see the e e above and particularly useful when you know the release rate per m or in whatev source is described in However you do not have or require control on the number of particles being released Relevant Namelist Settings 50 s 10m 10m 0m ug 21600 s 6 hours as specified by ikeldur idurdays spe cific 0 particles s UNKNOWN calculated by HYPACT 2 000 ug m2 s 1 000 000 ug particle particle rate emission rate size timestep mass ratio 2 000 ug 50 s particle particle rate 100 m2 2 m2 s timestep 1 000 000 ug 10 parts timestep Source Summary Output Model Emission Source 3 Source 3 LGA Species 1 N CO B 2 N Type definition both spe Source shape square Location lat long 40 77920 73 88000 Centre x y z 10097 79 31032 92 25 00000 m Height Dimension 0 000000 m Horizontal Dimensions 10 00000 x 10 00000 m2 Size 100 0000 m2 Emission times start z 0 000000 S end u 21600 00 S duration 21600 00 S Timestep 50 00000 S Timesteps 432 0000 Particles to release 10 00000 per timestep 4320 000 t
8. consistent with those used for the EM ONS namelist parameters rate and ratio Ihfall A flag specifying whether particles in HYPACT are to be caused by gravity to settle integer array relative to the local flow in which they are embedded A value of 0 zl ll an a value of 1 activates the settling The parameters sz nd szpwr below control the settling velocity for particles from each source Szmin 7 A multi valued parameter specifying a minimum particle diameter in meters emitted real array from each source region Its only useisin determining gravitational settling speed and is ignored if namelist variable ihf et to 0 Szmax A multi valued parameter corresponding to namelist variable s applying to real array the maximum particle diameter from each source region Currently only a Stoke s drag formula is implemented in HYPACT which is relevant for diameters up to about than 80x10 m Szpwr a A multi valued parameter relating closely to szinin ahd sdmax ad is used in real array computing gravitational settling speed It specifies a particle size distribution effectively weighting the particles toward the larger or smaller sizes szpwr specifies the power of the diameter which is linearly uniformly distributed between the specified size limits For example if szpwr is set to 1 all diameters between the limits are emitted with equal probability If szpwr is set to 3 all cubes third power of particle diameters or equivalentl
9. e the particle release rates are determined from absolute emission rate rate the timestep and the mass ratio particle rate emission rate timestep mass ratio The calculate particle rate has units of particles s If set to spe specific and the mass ratio a set t he mass ratios are determined as a function of the specific emissi r te the size of the source the timestep and the particle release rates n timestep mass ratio emission rate size particle rate If the mass units in the emission rate are defined as ug the derived mass ratio has units of ug particle If set to abs absolute and the mass ratio set to 0 the mass ratios are determined from absolute emission rate ra he timestep and the particle release rates nu mass ratio emission rate particle rate timestep If the mass units in the emission rate are defined as ug the derived mass ratio has units of ug particle Note that as whole numbers of particles only can be emitted particle emission rates from AN adjusted to maintain correct average emission rates A set of emissions examples Is included below Page 24 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide A multi valued parameter that specifies the emission rates if scaling is bqual to spe or abs e f scaling id equal to spe rate is the specific emissions rate In this case if the mass units in the emission rate are defined as ug and the source is vo
10. maxfiles must be greater than or equal to the largest number of RAMS analysis fi sed in a HYPACT simulation that have the path and filename prefix given by LT just those within the defined HYPACT simulation time maxspec integer Used to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file and the code maxspec must be greater than or equal to the largest number of species to be used in a HYPACT simulation maxsrc integer Used to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file and the code maxsrc must be greater than or equal to the largest number of sources to be used in a HYPACT simulation maxem integer Used to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file and the code maxem must be greater than or equal to the largest number of emissions to be used in a H __ _ nn used is the tally of emissions turned on by ariable 5 Page 9 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide polypts integer Used to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file polypts must be greater than or equal to the largest number of vertices used to define any polygon emission source in a HYPAC umber of 1 us ch polygon is specified by the ariables sene maxent integer Used to dimension one array in the hcommons h common block file and specifies the size of a table of normally distributed numbers used in HYPACT A value of approximately 1000 provides ade
11. source to act as in instantaneous or puff release integer arra Page 22 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Parameters that specify the ending time of the HYPACT simulation e isimend is in hours minutes and seconds as described for namelist parameter i and directly indicates the UTC time i e hhmmss UTC isimend ienddays is the integer number of days beyond the beginning of the RAMS ienddays simulation when the HYPACT simulation will ipn east T Following the example given in the description of i d is ove if the HYPACT run were to end at 1304 UTC on 22 June 1993 isimend would be set to 130400 indicating the UTC hours minutes and seconds while ienddays would be set to 2 indicating that the HYPACT run would finish at least 2 but less than 3 days after the beginning of the RAMS simulation A multi valued parameter that specifies the source type If set to lag Lagrangian only Lagrangian particles will be released from the source If set to eul Eulerian only Eulerian concentrations will be released from the Type source character If set to hyb hybe t H be ed into PEE ATERA AG arrayL hybrid criteria i dh tin the e met If set to both both both Eulerian concentrations and Lagrangian particles will be released from the source Fields will be calculated as 1f there were two sources i e concentrations will be effectively doubled Page 23 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 Use
12. the character simulation up to 80 characters Note that the path is optional and can be either relative or absolute no path is equivalent to The time interval between the writing of successive files in the set is specified by the namelist variable hypfrep hypfreq The time interval in seconds between successive writing of HYPACT output files The real settings of ibartout dutout and ilhgout sbecify what variables are output and i specifies the RAMS grids that are included in the output Output file names and formats are described separately following the namelist documentation Particle file output flag ipartout set to 1 produces particle files every hhpfreg seconds integer provided at least one element of equal to lag hyb or both ieulout Output concentrations are controlled with the following noting that there is one ilagout concentration field for each species integer e ieulout gives the Eulerian concentrations These fields will also contain the concentrations produced by the conversion of particle clusters in hybrid mode parameter et to hyb ilagout gives the concentration fields computed by converting all particles to Eulerian concentrations the particles still remain in the Lagrangian field For each 0 gives no output 1 gives the concentrations at the end the current timestep 2 gives the pacis M over hvgtime Jeconds prior to the file output time determined by hypfreg 3 gives both the curren
13. the time when the emissions for each source region commences e The first second and third pair of digits in irelstrt indicate the UTC hour minute and second of the beginning of the emission i e hhmmss UTC istrtdays is a time offset indicating an integer number of days of delay following the time of a RAMS simulation before emission from a given source begins It irelstrt allows source emissions to begin more than 24 hours after the beginning of the RAMS simulation For example if a RAMS simulation begins at 1100 UTC on 20 June 1993 and an emission is to begin at 0800 UTC on 22 June 1993 e irelstrt would be set to 080000 indicating the actual UTC time istrtdays integer array e istrtdays would be set to 1 indicating that the emission begins more than 1 but less than 2 days after the start of the RAMS simulation The re specified by irelstrt and istrtdays for an emission that is activated by ie ines the start time of the HYPACT simulation Multi valued parameters that specify the duration of particle and or concentration emission from each source They relate closely to i irfelstrt ahd istrtdays ii itetdaye fjeldur uses ireldur the same syntax for the number of hours minutes rta seconds a h idurdays idurdays indicates a number of days of duration Together inelst A and idurdays determine the ending time for the emission of ae source A duration time of zero or anything less than the timestep length d dtphrt cduses a
14. 0000 per timestep 4320 000 total for this source Mass per particle ES 1000000 ug particle Emission rate 2000 000 ug m2 s x 200000 0 ug s 1 0000000E 07 ug timestep 4 3200000E 09 ug total for this source Page 31 MRC ASTER Example 6 Absolute Typical Usage HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Used when the particle mass ratio is unknown and particularly useful with complex source shapes where you know the total release rate You also have control on the number of particles being released per timestep Relevant Namelist Settings dtpart 50 s size 10 m Size 10 m i 0m uration 21600 s jcalinq abs olute kmparts 10 particles s 200 000 ug s 0 ug particle emission rate timestep 200 000 ug 50 s 6 hours as specified by UNKNOWN calculated by HYPACT particle rate timestep mass ratio S timestep 10 1 000 000 ug particle Source Summary Output Model Emission Source 6 Source 6 ACY Species 2 N 50 B Type definition both abs Source shape square Location lat long 39 46470 Centre x y z m 50337 31 Height Dimension 0 000000 Horizontal Dimensions 10 00000 Size 100 0000 Emission times start 0 000000 end 21600 00 duration 21600 00 Timestep 50 00000 Timesteps 432 0000 Particles to release 10 00000 4320 000 Mass per particle ES 1000000 Emission 200000 0 ES 2000 000 1 0000000E 07
15. 076 40 071 104 721 104 723 104 722 40 075 40 075 40 071 40 071 104 721 104 723 104 723 104 721 Polygonal sources were conceived to facilitate simpler specification of irregularly shaped sources such as urban emission boundaries Polygonal sources are broken up into an array of triangular sources in the HYPACT code Each defined polygon must be sufficiently simple so that none of the triangles overlap and no part of a triangle lies outside the polygon Tests for these limitations are made in the code In breaking up a polygon the vertices of each triangle are initially taken as the two points of one LI d lygon and a point somewhere in the center of the polygon as defined by If any triangle fails a test the central point is moved in the code and the triangles redefined If the code generated triangles continue to fail a test the program is stopped and the user is required to reassess the configuration of their sources Multi valued parameters specifying the x and y direction dimensions in meters of rectangular and elliptical sources specified by s e If rectangular xsize and ysize are the dimensions respectively e If elliptical xsize and ysize represent the lengths of the major and minor axes respectively Similar to xbize ahd ylize but specifying the vertical dimension of the source in meters If zsize is greater than zero half of the source will be below the specified source center height s fez
16. 6 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Visualizing HYPACT Results 1 Download the latest HYPACT compatible version of REVU from 2 Install and run noting the new field names in the REVU documentation HYPACT Test Runs Coming Soon Reporting Bugs in HYPACT Before you seek help 1 Ensure that you have the latest version of the software Check for patches at HYPACT RAMS REVU UTILS Notification of new patches will be sent to the rams users mailing list and are available for viewing on the Announce archive http www aster com lists announce You can apply to join the rams users mailing list at Inttp www aster com lists index shtml Page 7 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide If you are still having problems e Note your machine type operating system and version and compiler and version if possible e Copy the screen output to a file Try using the script command Script a file to start the script shell and direct the output hypact 1 2 0 run programs exit exit script shell Or redirect both standard output and error to a file For example running rams hypact 1 2 0 1 gt amp 2 file Korn and Bash shells hypact 1 2 0 gt gt amp lt file gt C shell e Note what configuration or make files were used e Send to all of this plus any other supporting information to rams support aster com Future Developments in HYPACT Fu
17. ACT is available from Dttp 7www aster com hypact snt Patches will be made available at as they are made Notification of new patches will be sent to the rams users mailing list and are available for viewing on the Announce archive Inttp www aster com lists announce You can apply to join the rams users mailing list at Inttp www aster com lists index shtml As always we appreciate any bug reports and compilation options that are different or not offered in the distributed make files Please see the notes on feporting bugs before seeking help Installing HYPACT This section describes the compilation of HYPACT version 1 2 0 This version is compatible with RAMS version 4 3 0 REVU version 2 3 1 and UTILS version 1 0 0 The reader should also check the release notes in the README_HYPACT 1 2 0 file Note that all MRC ASTER software should be installed under a common rams directory usually this directory is named rams but it can be anything you wish This directory is referred to as the RAMSROOT in this user manual Downloading the Latest Version of HYPACT 1 Obtain the latest version of the software by downloading the UNIX gzipped tar file hypact 1 2 0 tar gz from the web address 2 Move the tar file into RAMSROOT mv hypact 1 2 0 tar gz RAMSROOT 3 Unpack the contents of the tar file by either gunzip c hypact 1 2 0 tar gz tar xf or if you are on a Linux machine tar zxf hypact 1 2 0
18. H YPACT HYbrid Particle And Concentration Transport Model Version 1 2 0 User s Guide August 20 2001 by Robert L Walko Craig J Tremback Martin J Bell ASTER Division Mission Research Corporation P O Box 466 Fort Collins CO 80525 0466 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Copyright C 2001 All Rights Reserved ASTER Division Mission Research Corporation MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Abstract HYPACT the HYbrid PArticle and Concentration Transport Model represents a state of the art methodology for predicting the dispersion of air pollutants in 3 D mesoscale time dependent wind and turbulence fields HYPACT allows assessment of the impact of one or multiple sources emitted into highly complex local weather regimes including mountain valley and complex terrain flows land sea breezes urban areas and other situations in which the traditional Gaussian plume based models are known to fail HYPACT developed by the ASTER Division of Mission Research Corporation represents the next generation of dispersion modeling systems It combines the best features of grid based Eulerian dispersion methodologies with Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling The HYPACT Lagrangian dispersion scheme is very flexible Species can include gases and a spectrum of aerosol sizes The 2 D or 3 D wind and turbulence fields are provided by MRC ASTER s RAMS Regional Atmospheric Modeling System for forecast
19. applications or an observational network for diagnostic applications A Lagrangian model is ideal for regimes in which the assumptions underlying Gaussian plume based models are violated such as highly sheared flows recirculating coastal and mountain valley wind systems urban heat islands plume fumigation and bifurcation Although the RAMS code can directly compute the dispersion of any number of tracers in a Eulerian framework HYPACT has certain advantages because it combines in one code the best features of both the Lagrangian and Eulerian dispersion estimating methodologies The advantage is greatest near a source region for tracers when the source is small and irresolvable on the Eulerian grid A comparable Eulerian treatment would necessarily represent the source by a volume no smaller than one grid cell and would immediately begin diffusing the tracer in adjacent cells A Lagrangian approach on the other hand is fully capable of representing a source of any size and of maintaining a concentrated narrow plume downwind of the source until atmospheric dispersion dictates that it should broaden In contrast at large distances from the source where the tracer plume is typically broad and well mixed representation of the plume by Lagrangian particles can become inefficient due to the large number of particles required to achieve a smooth characterization of the plume The hybrid Lagrangian and Eulerian approach used in HYPACT represents a trac
20. assigns the time interpolated data to a series of nested grids identical with those of the RAMS simulation that generated the analysis files Concentrations are predicted on these grids given user specified initial values and source characteristics For Lagrangian particle prediction the time interpolated wind and turbulence data are also interpolated in space to the location of each Lagrangian tracer particle If nested grids are used in the RAMS simulation the finest grid data defined at the location of each particle is used for the interpolation The particles are moved through space and time based on the interpolated wind velocity plus a random motion scaled to the local turbulent intensity A gravitational settling velocity may also be superimposed on the particle motion HYPACT sources species and emission can either be defined in the HYPACT namelists or in database files This is designed to allow both quick and dirty runs and a range of sophisticated scenarios from common data In addition to Eulerian concentration field outputs on the RAMS grids concentration can be periodically diagnosed from the particle distribution on the RAMS grids assuming a specified mass represented by each particle and the combined Eulerian and Lagrangian concentration fields computed and output The concentration is useful for contouring plume morphologies determining instantaneous or time integrated dosages at specified locations computing chemical reaction ra
21. d background concentrations various file input output formats and history restarts Other enhancements may include code parrallelization an execution control GUI and enhancement of visualization tools REVU and RINGI Collaborative development on any of these enhancements is welcome Page i MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide HYPACT User s Guide Contents Page ii MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide About HYPACT The HYPACT HYbrid Particle And Concentration Transport model code has been developed to simulate the motion of atmospheric tracers under the influence of atmospheric flow including turbulence In its current form it is set up to be driven by meteorological output from the RAMS Regional Atmospheric Modeling System but the basic design allows the flexibility with minor code changes to provide a variety of other inputs as well including observational data Although RAMS can itself perform a similar function by simulating the motions of any number of Eulerian tracer fields HYPACT has certain advantages because of the ability to run the dispersion as a post processing step and because of its Lagrangian formulation The advantage is greatest near a source region for the tracer when the source is of small scale and unresolved on the Eulerian grid RAMS would necessarily represent the source by a volume no smaller than one grid cell and would immediately begin diffusing the tracer to the adjacent cells
22. ds The choices are 2 for second order and 6 for sixth order When an emission type t ipe is specified as hyb the Lagrangian particles emitted for the source are converted to Eulerian concentrations at some point downwind when the computed dispersal of particles is sufficient This conversion is handled by releasing the particles in clusters The spread of each cluster is then checked every hybfreq seconds and if the following criteria is satisfied the particles verted to Eulerian conce s hybfreq should be set to within a few times d If hybfreq is less than Ai will be checked every HYPACT timestep The criterion is a measure of spread between the particles compared to the specified horizontal and vertical distances The spread is taken as six times the standard deviation of a done fi of x y and z directions This is then checked against x and y and h co ion made only if the spread in all three dimensions is greater than the h dh riteria The number of particles emitted per cluster Different clusters will be allocated to each source so that no cluster will contain a variety of species ihybpart should be set that so that a cluster of particles does not extend over more than several HYPACT timesteps Page 12 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide ihybmin The minimum particles per cluster If there are less than ihybmin particles in a cluster integer the cluster will be converted to Eulerian concentrations regardless of
23. e input meteorological fields are defined i e the coarsest grid of the RAMS domain Any location outside this range places the source outside the model domain and emissions there will remain stationary in HYPACT Multi valued parameters specifying the horizontal coordinates of the center of each source region srcx and srcy are used only for point rectangular polygonal and elliptical sources specified by shape dnd indicate the geographic longitude and latitude respectively in degrees A multi valued parameter specifying the height above the ground in meters and applies for all source types Page 18 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Polylat polylon 77 real array Xsize ysize g real array Zsize r1 real array Rotation real array Multi valued two dimensional parameters specifying the geographic vertex latitude and longitude coordinates for triangular and irregular polygon shaped sources specified by he indices on the 2 D array are vertex and source The vertex index must always be equal to 1 first array element while the source index refers to the source number For irregular polygon sources the vertices must be defined in an anti clockwise order the first and last coordinates are joined to enclose the polygon For example the following describes a triangular source for source 2 and a four sided polygon for source 3 polylat 1 2 polylon 1 2 polylat 1 3 polylon 1 3 40 075 40
24. ed to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file They must be greater than or equal to the largest number of grid points spanning the x direction east to west y direction south to north and z direction vertical respectively of any grid used in a RAMS simulation used to drive HYPACT maxhi maxhj maxhk integer Used to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file They specify upper bounds on the number of grid points spanning the i j and k directions respectively of the grid defined in HYPACT h grid The h grid is a composite of all nested grids used in a RAMS simulation used to drive HYPACT It has variable spatial resolution according to the mesh sizes overall dimensions and locations of all grids in RAMS The h grid s mesh size is always at least as fine as and often finer than the finest RAMS grid mesh size at any given location The required number of points spanning each direction of the h grid is computed by a complicated algorithm but is usually less than the sum over all RAMS grids of the numbers of points spanning each corresponding direction of the RAMS grids Thus if for example RAMS uses 3 grids each of i j k dimensions 30 40 50 the h grid would likely have dimensions smaller than 90 120 150 These parameters need not match the exact size of the h grid they only have to be large enough to contain it maxfiles integer Used to dimension several arrays in the code
25. ensions points in x y z nih njh nkh Grid Location lat lon pslat pslon Followed by four blocks x Grid Coordinates m xh i i 1 to nih y Grid Coordinates m yh j 5 1 to njh Grid Heights ASL m zh j k 1 to nkh Topography Heights m topth i j 1 1 to nhl j 1 to nh2 Land Percentages pctlh i j 1 1 to nhl j 1 to nh2 Page 33 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide HYPACT Particle Files FORTRAN formatted ASCI Files a p Main header line format 13 e16 8 818 File VersrOn en tn i HYPACT Time S ios es hytime Year zes er EUR IER Sues iy ONCA dF habe ele Se hee Nor REUS imn Das ee Ne Had dud EIE oie sxe RS NINE id HOME ih tes GR sites ME BAL E IESUS ih ATO sio a at ees his open Lr im RAMS Grid Searched ng Number of sources nsources Total Particles ises sme eaaa ntotparts Followed by the source header lines format 418 note that there can be only one species per source within the code Database Soufce l we bse oles nsrc HYPACT internal Species ID pspecies nsrc Database Species ID pspecies species nsrc Source Particles nsrcparts nsrc Followed by one line for each particle format 7e16 8 i5 x hocadtrxonu m senken atpll y Location mM 2er ais ttem atpl2 Ze OT CCM ne atpl3 htopo Z AGE I eine ae atp13 Mass oef Particle Junie p wera
26. er by Lagrangian particles near the source but converts particles to Eulerian concentrations where appropriate at large distances downwind It can be run in Lagrangian particle Eulerian concentration transport or a hybrid mode In the hybrid mode Lagrangian particles are used in the near source region As the particles disperse to scales of the HYPACT grid they are converted to concentrations for continued transportation in a Eulerian sense they in effect become background concentrations to the remaining particles Sources in HYPACT can be single or multiple instantaneous explosive continuous or time varying for any of the specified species Source geometry can include point line area and volume sources of various orientations The model domain can extend from an area as small as an industrial plant site to hundreds of kilometers up to the size of the RAMS domain The number of particles released is limited only by available memory and can exceed hundreds of thousands Sources species and emission scenarios can either be managed through the namelist or through database files HYPACT is a modular FORTRAN 90 compliant code with new features being regularly added Currently planned future modules include dry deposition rain out re evaporation plume rise evaporative sources and chemical transformations Further planned house keeping enhancements include the removal of inactive particles and memory reallocations gridded source input an
27. for them New in HYPACT Version 1 2 0 New features since HYPACT version 1 1 0 include e Modified code structure and memory allocation As a result this version of HYPACT is far more robust than previous version We strongly recommend users of previous versions upgrading to this version as we will no longer support the older versions Specifically many of the routines now use implicit none statements and all c iralloc memory allocations are now done with FORTRAN 90 allocations This has allowed us to do bounds checking on arrays has which in turn has resulted in the cleaning up of a number of known and unknown bugs e Several long time bug fixes and RAMS HYPACT code consistency checks e A fix to the hybrid conversion routine ensuring stable plumes of Lagrangian particles advecting about 45 degrees from an north south east or west directions do not prematurely get converted to Eulerian concentrations e Accepts 1 argument f for pointing to non standard cd INE names i e hypact 1 2 0 f lt namelist file gt Page 2 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Installing and Running HYPACT The HYPACT version 1 2 0 code is FORTRAN 90 compliant HYPACT has been compiled and run on SGI HP IBM and PC Linux workstations If you are compiling on other platforms we would like to know what compiler options you use To convey this information please contact Keeping Up To Date with HYPACT The latest version of HYP
28. ftware make make html All readme make and dependency files are distributed with a version number appended You can optionally remove this from the make file names do not remove them from the dependency file names Compiling HYPACT To compile the software use either Make f Make hypact 1 2 0 or to use the global make file Makefile enter make hypact This should produce the HYPACT archive library hypact 1 2 0 a the HYPACT executable hypact 1 2 0 and a link from hypact to hypact 1 2 0 or to use the global make file Makefile to update all the executables in your bin directory make Page 5 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide This will ensure that all the executables are up to date noting that there are a number of source code cross dependencies in the software system To recompile HYPACT when any of the REVU RAMS or UTILS library modules are updated repeat the make command If you do not cl our build this will update the executable recompiling only those codes that have been updated or that depend on codes that have been updated Installing HYPACT Make hypact 1 2 0 has an install target that will install as a symbolic link the executable to the run and test directories make f Make hypact 1 2 0 install You can modify Make hypact 1 2 0 if you wish to install to alternative locations You can also manually link to the executables does the same as above In s bin hypact On some machi
29. ins all the dependencies within the HYPACT distribution This means that if a file such as hcommons h were updated all those modules that use this file would be recompiled noting that hcommons h is not itself compiled but included in whatever modules require it when they are compiled All include h and module mod files are treated in the same way If you have multiple versions of RAMS HYPACT REVU or the UTILS library the version built by default make command will be that indicated near the top of the include mk file The set of version numbers in the include mk file should match a set of version numbers in the versions file All make commands will run the shell script check which outputs some advice if it finds a version mismatch it does not stop the make command from completing although you may then get compilation errors check compares the versions indicated in the include mk file with the list of compatible versions in the versions file and the versions installed under RAMSROOT on your machine If the check script fails on your machine you can remove the check dependency from the all target in each of the make files If the include command does not appear to work on your machine try replacing the include command line in each of the make files with the contents of the include file Alternatively you can download GNU make and use that instead of your platform version GNU make is available from the URL http www gnu org so
30. is will give a statistically even distribution of particles through the source region and no false peaks 2 They are converted immediately to concentrations upon emission and do not accumulate in the model memory This is not as an important factor is determining a Eulerian source as the particles are only used as a convenient method for statistically distributing the emissions throughout the source volume or area noting that a source can be complex in shape and cross the boundaries of any number of grid cells When computing the various quantities for each emission it is a good idea to run HYPACT in its source analysis mode ihyprun 4 1 as the full emission summary is computed and printed to screen Case Study Scenario Six 10 by 10 m cooling tower plumes elevated 25 m from the ground emitting at a rate of 0 2 kg s In the examples that follow each emission specifies the cooling tower with different parameters known and unknown In all cases the computed emission parameters compute to the save values for input into HYPACT as illustrated by the source summaries Page 26 MRC ASTER Example 1 Rate Typical Usage If you do not know the emission rate as is often t HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide he case with arbitrary sources the rate scaling option is a good way to get a sensible emission with a known amount of particles In this way you can ensure that you release enough particles per timestep so that you get go
31. lumetric Rate the units of rate are ug s m real array If sdaling ig equal to abs rate is the absolute emissions rate In this case if the mass units in the emission rate are defined as ug the units of rale ale ug s If scdling is qual to rat the emission rate 1s calculated The same mass units must be used for jn indi rat hich should also be consistent with the SPECIES namelist variable u A multi valu hat specifies the numbe ticles emitted per HYPACT timestep dt equal to rat or if sies lh ual to spe or abs and Napar r tio id equal to 0 If scaling i a to spe or abs and a positive value the integer array number of particles is caleuls hat the tot s emitted for all sources cannot exceed the GER 2 A multi valued parameter which specifies the mass to particle ratio used to calculate Rati the number of particles released per timestep if Se ls to sca or the emission ae rate if scaling if equal to tot If ratio is the mass ratio is calculated The same L1 real array ren for rati d rate which should also be consistent with the iable u Each array must contain entries for each emission Emissions Database File The following illustrates some emissions in the database file format 1 4 4 2 120000 0 060000 0 both rat 20 20 1 e9 1 2 120000 0 060000 0 1ag abs 1 05 120 1 2 130000 0 020000 0 1ag rat 5 1 0 4 1 130000 0 020000 0 1ag rat 3 20 1 e9 Where the header li
32. ne contains file format version and the number of emissions in the file with each subsequent line containing all the information for each emission in comma delimited format order is important database file and should always be cluded i The 1 to emit all emissions and run the HYPACT NER to the end ofthe RAMS run Page 25 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Emissions Examples Preliminary Note If memory and computational speed are issues you will want to pay close attention to the numbers of particle released in a simulation When converting Lagrangian particles to concentrations you want to ensure that the mass ratio of a particle results in a sufficiently defined concentration field For example if the sensors you are comparing the simulation results with are good to 4 ug m and your grid size at the ground surface is 100 m square and 25 m deep 250 000 m then you do not want your particle mass ratio to exceed 4 ug 1 250 000 m3 m3 1 particle mass ratio 1 000 000 ug particle 1 kg particle This is not as an important factor is determining a Eulerian source as the particles are only used as a convenient method for statistically distributing the emissions throughout the source volume or area noting that a source can be complex in shape and cross the boundaries of any number of grid cells This implies that you should have a large number of particles configured for a Eulerian source as 1 Th
33. nes you may need to make a physical copy of the executable in your test directory cp bin hypact 1 2 0 hypact Don t forget to update copied executables when you remake in the bin directory otherwise your changes will not appear in your runs Cleaning the REVU Installation Make hypact 1 2 0 also has a clean target that will remove built components To clean out the compiled libraries and executable make f Make hypact 1 2 0 clean This should remove the HYPACT archive library hypact 1 2 0 a the HYPACT executable hypact 1 2 0 and the link from hypact to hypact 1 2 0 Makefile also contains a clean all target Entering the following will result in all libraries and executables being removed not just the HYPACT components make clean all Running HYPACT 1 Check the settings of the variables in the parameter statements in hcommons h and change if necessary If you change any of these setting you will need to recompile HYPACT Run RAMS with the following namelist settings e KWRITE 1 to write the eddy diffusion coefficient parameters to the RAMS analysis files for Eulerian diffusion e IDIFFK 2 or 3 since these do not produce TKE s for Lagrangian particle dispersion Copy and configure pea the simulation to your working directory Run the HYPACT executable in your working directory using either hypact 1 2 0 or if using a ukeacr ix te with a non standard name hypact 1 2 0 f HYPACT IN non standard Page
34. ng it with the patch version For example chmod u w RAMSROOT src hypact 1 2 0 model hsource f90 mv src hypact 1 2 0 model hsource f90 RAMSROOT src hypact 1 2 0 model You may then wish to remove read permissions from the new module chmod u w RAMSROOT src hypact 1 2 0 model hsource f90 Preparing to Compile HYPACT Before you compile the software 1 Go to the bin directory cd RAMSROOT bin 2 If you have not done so already move the Makefile hypact to Makefile mv Makefile hypact Makefile Page 4 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Either if this is your first time using include mk move the include mk std to include mk and modify it with vi for example to suit your system mv include mk std include mk vi include mk include mk contains all the make environment variables that a user might need to change in order to compile the code on their machine It is included in all of the make files using the include command FIRST TIME USERS MUST CUSTOMIZE THIS FILE BEFORE THEY ATTEMPING TO MAKE By default include mk std does not have the compiler flags for any machine type switched on Or if you already have a copy of include mk that you have modified to suit your system check your include mk with the new include mk std for software system changes in include mk std and make those changes to your include mk with vi for example diff include mk include mk std vi include mk dep hypact 1 2 0 mk conta
35. od concentration definition in the region of most interest from a Lagrangian particle source Relevant Namelist Settings dtpart 50 s 10m Be 10 m asize 0m duration 21600 s 6 hours as spec rat e 10 particles timestep 0 ug m2 s 1 000 000 ug particle emission rate particle rate mas ified by ikeldur idurdays UNKNOWN calculated by HYPACT S ratio size timestep parts ratio 10 parts 1 000 000 ug 1 timestep rat Size timestep timestep particle 100 m2 50 s ug 2 000 m2 s 200 000 ug s 0 2 kg s Source Summary Output Model Emission Source 1 Source 1 ISP Species TL N COSBIZSIN amp Type definition both rat Source shape square Location lat long 40 79390 73 10170 Centre x y z 75573 16 33045 85 100 0000 m Height Dimension 0 000000 m Horizontal Dimensions 10 00000 x 10 00000 m2 Size 100 0000 m2 Emission times start 0 000000 S end 21600 00 S duration 21600 00 S Timestep 50 00000 S Timesteps 432 0000 Particles to release 10 00000 per timestep 4320 000 total for this source Mass per particle 1000000 ug particle Emission rate 2000 000 ug m2 s 200000 0 ug s 1 0000000E 07 ug timestep 4 3200000E 09 ug total for this source Page 27 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Example 2 Total Typical Usage If you do not know the emission rate as is often the case with arbitrary sources
36. otal for this source ass per particle 1000000 ug particle Emission rate 2000 000 ug m2 s 200000 0 ug s 1 0000000E 07 ug timestep 4 3200000E 09 ug total for this source Page 29 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Example Z4 Absolute Typical Usage Used when you have a maximum specification for the particle mass ratio see the above and particularly useful with complex source shapes where you know the tota However you do not have or require control on the number of particles being released Relevant Namelist Settings dtpart 50 s Size 10m size 10 m i Om urat on 21600 s 6 hours as specified by dcaling abs olute imparts 0 particles s UNKNOWN calculated by HYPACT 200 000 ug s 1 000 000 ug particle particle rate emission rate timestep mass ratio 200 000 ug 50 s particle particle rat g S timestep 1 000 000 ug 10 parts timestep Source Summary Output Model Emission Source 4 Source 4 POU Species 2 N S0 B 2 N Type definition both abs Source shape square Location lat long 41 62560 73 88190 Centre x y z u 9810 993 125092 3 25 00000 m Height Dimension 0 000000 m Horizontal Dimensions 10 00000 x 10 00000 m2 Size 100 0000 m2 Emission times start 0 000000 S end 21600 00 duration 21600 00 S Timestep 50 00000 S Timesteps u 432 0000 Particles to release 10 00000 per timestep 4320
37. quate density in the table Page 10 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide HYPACT Namelist and Database Files The user has the flexibility of emitting particles and concentrations from different locations at different times at different rates and with different source region characteristics Each particle carries with it a label indicating the source from which it was emitted so the particles can be identified accordingly throughout their journey A database approach is used in the specification of species and sources in the HYPACT IN namelist file ee of species and sources may be individually defined in the SPECIESJand a melists within the limits of the HYPACT parameter settings Any combinations of species and sources can then be specified in conjunction with emission data rate duration etc in the BEMISSIONS damelist Thus the HYPACT_IN namelist file can contain a comprehensive species and sources datasets with the EMISSTONS rjamelist using only that data required for the current run In addition to this flexibility any number of emissions within the limits of the HYPACT parameter settings can be specified in the SEMISSIONS damelist Alternatively the species source and emissions specifications included in the namelists can be carried in separate database files If using species source and emissions database files only minimal number of parameters are required in the QURCESland EMISSIONS hamelist
38. r allowable from computer memory considerations The time interval in seconds between successive updates of the time average applied to input meteorological data to define it at times close to the current simulation time of the particles in HYPACT The meteorological data for example the output analysis files from RAMS is defined for discrete points in time spaced usually at regular intervals such as an hour Interpolation between consecutive times of the data is performed so that particles use winds and turbulence parameters close to the correct time Since frequent averaging takes time and is unnecpssary freqavg is usually set to a value many times longer than the HYPACT timestep dtpart but several times shorter than the interval between input data files Must b than or equal to the RAMS analysis file frequency and greater than of equal to pasa A flag specifying whether a turbulent component is to be added to the mean resolved atmospheric motion for advecting particles e If set the 0 no turbulence will be included and the HYPACT Lagrangian particle model operates purely as a trajectory model If set to 1 atmospheric turbulent intensity is evaluated and used to derive a turbulent component of motion for each particle This allows the effects of unresolved atmospheric motions on particle transport and dispersion to be statistically accounted for The order of the advection operator to be used in transporting Eulerian concentration fiel
39. r s Guide scaling real array A multi valued parameter that specifies how the emission an are determined Any two of the three namelist variables d ha ratio be used to calculate the third as follows 1 ette rat rate the emission rates are determined from the particle Si esi the source Cuc area c ength determined from xs ize ad 1 B a s is set to 1 for a point source the timestep d irs and the mass per particle ratio rdtio mass ratio emission rate particle rate 7 size timestep The particle rate umm as units of particles timestep If the mass units are ug uhits from the PECIES namelist the mass ratio r has units of ug particle Thus if the source is volumetric size has units of m the emission rate has units of ug s m i e it is a specific rate that is calculated If set to tot total Spence the total number of particles released and the particle release rate 1 in e total particles the release duration determined from impen ua the timestep timestep particle rate total particles release duration The emission rates are then determined as for scaling set to rat If set to spe specific the icle release rates are determined as a function of the specific emission rate rate the source size the timestep and the mass ratio timestep particle rate emission rate size mass ratio The particle rate has units of particles s If set to abs ab
40. r the triangular source e The second third and fifth values of Asize hhizeland rdtation hre not used for the triangular polygonal and point sources Note also that only the second and third series of s march Gee for the triangular and polygonal sources are required In this case the t sio elist variables must contain the relevant indices the second index refers to the source number Or alternatively to remove the need for placeholders each source can be specified with the relevant indices on the namelist variables jrcname 1 Mill 1 irexi 104 2 ircz 50 Etizei1 100 size I 100 detzetH 15 1 45 jrcname 2 Power_1 2p tri 2 40 075 40 076 40 071 golylon I 2 104 721 104 723 104 722 istze 7p 10 Page 20 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide name Power 2 40 075 40 075 40 071 40 071 104 721 104 723 104 724 104 720 d rcname 5 wiii 2 2 poi 40 2 jrcx 3 105 2 je za gez 5 Source Database File The following illustrates the above sources in the database file format Ld Mill 1 rec 40 83 50 plogyd 0x Power 1 tri 40 83 a 40 075 104 721 40 075 104 723 40 071 104 722 0 Power 2 001y 40 83 100 4 40 075 104 721 40 075 104 723 N 40 071 104 724 40 071 104 720 0 Ponds ell 40 83 500 300000 300000 100 0 Mill 2 poi 40 83 5 Where the header line contains file format version and
41. s The format for these files is discussed in the following sections Two other namelists SGENERAL and OLTEUT fontrol the other aspects of running the model GENERAL Namelist ihyprun The HYPACT run type integer e If set to 1 a source analysis only will be performed the HYPACT run is stopped before the first timestep proceeds with advection and diffusion The initial output files will contain the initial emission field providing a useful way for the user to check their work Note that a summary of each source is also printed to standard output prior to the first timestep If set to 2 the dispersion run is made similar to the RAMS INITIAL start metpref The UNIX path name and prefix of the names of RAMS analysis files to be read and character used to drive the HYPACT simulation up to 80 characters Note that the path name is optional and can be either relative or absolute no path is equivalent to The analysis files to be used must all exist in this same directory and must span a range of simulation time that brackets the range of time over which a HYPACT simulation is to be run The length of the discrete timestep in seconds used to update particle velocities and positions Its value should be carefully chosen based on required speed and accuracy of the HYPACT run It would be desirable for each particle to move no more than the dimension of a grid cell on which the atmospheric data are represented and considerably le
42. se is read from the following namelist parameters If srcfile points to a database file the remaining SSOURCES namelist parameters are overwritten A multi valued parameter specifying the name of each source up to 30 characters long A multi valued parameter specifying the horizontal cross sectional shape of each source shape can be set to point rectangle triangle polygon or ellipse these can be abbreviated to the first three characters e Ifa point source is specified namelist var S cxlanalsrcy dre used to determine the horizontal location of the source and the height of the source this is converted to a rectangular source with no dimensions in HYPACT If a pu of irregular polygon shape is specified the namelist variabfes palptat and polylon are used to specify the horizont ina e vertices srcx the center iat p see the notes on cad a for the relevance of this and s nd Zsize the height and thickness of the source jen agular or elliptical shape is specified namelist variables dx dal Lise d e used to determine the horizontal M MEET of the source and ethe height and thickness of the source an also be specified to rotate rectangular or elliptical sources in the horizontal plane If a gridded shape is specified the emissions are obtained from the file named in gridfile not implemented Note that the center location of each source and the entire source region should lie within the volume over which th
43. ss if practical in a single timestep so that the maximum amount of detail contained in the atmospheric data is utilized This may at times require a very small value of dtpart such that a large number of individual timesteps must be performed to run HYPACT for a given span of simulation time If this runs too slowly and or if a lower level of accuracy is acceptable dtpart may be longer An estimate for an appropriate value of dtpart can be obtained by dividing grid cell dimensions by atmospheric wind velocity components Page 11 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide maxpart integer freqavg real ihturb integer iadvord integer hybfreq real ihybpart integer The total number of particles that can be used in a HYPACT run An appropriate number can vary widely from one application to another If one only wants a general idea of which direction particles are traveling from a source fewer than 1000 particles may be totally adequate If concentrations are to be computed from the particle distribution it is desirable to have as many particles as practical to improve the accuracy of the computation Tens of thousands of particles might be used in this case or even more if concentrations far from a dense particle plume are sought Of course HYPACT runs slower when many particles are activated Note art does not specify the i ally emitted this is done by dimer described in the meiste init E is the maximum numbe
44. t and average concentration output The hybrid concentrations when an emission type s specified as hyb are the sum of the Lagrangian particles yet to be converted and Eulerian concentrations from converted clusters for each species This summation is handled in the post processing with REVU imetout Meteorology output control flag imetout set to 1 outputs the interpolated RAMS integer meteorology as used by HYPACT at the output time The meteorology is included in the concentration file output avgtime Averaging time in seconds over which concentration field averaging is done before each real output time Averaging can be done for any species on the RAMS grid It cannot be done for individual emission sources unless each emission source emits a different e for the i iles avgtime must be less than or equal to st parameter Page 14 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide ioutfmt Output file format integer e Ifsetto 1 VFILE binary files are output irgrid HYPACT output is limited to the grids specified by irgrid integer If set to 0 concentrations and particles are output on all grids If set to greater than 0 concentrations are output for that grid only If set to less than 0 concentrations are output for all grids less than the absolute value of irgrid In the latter two cases particles in the output file include all those that reside within the bounds of the specified irgrid Page 15 MRC ASTER HYPACT
45. tar gz Upon completion of this step you should find the latest versions of the README file source code make files and configuration files in the src bin and run directories in RAMSROOT Page 3 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide RAMSROOT bin README HYPACT 1 2 0 build and install files Make hypact 1 2 0 dep hypact 1 2 0 mk Makefile hypact include mk std check versions Copyright RAMSROOT run HlPacr zx configuration files JEEP speciss spurces Ve RAMSROOT src hypact 1 2 0 model source source code model modules modules include includes Downloading the Latest Patch for HYPACT 1 Obtain the latest version of the software by either downloading the UNIX gzipped tar file hypact 1 2 0 patch tar gz from the web address e Make a temporary directory and move the tar file in to that directory mkdir tmp mv hypact 1 2 0 patch tar gz tmp e Unpack the contents of the patch tar file by ether gunzip c hypact 1 2 0 patch tar gz tar xf or if you are on a Linux machine tar zxf hypact 1 2 0 patch tar gz or download patched modules individually from http www aster com hypact 1 2 0 patch shtml Replace the modules in your distribution with those new versions contained in the patch noting that since the source comes with read only permissions you will need to modify the permissions of the module in your RAMSROOT src directory before replaci
46. tes atp 1 8 ppm Mass of Particle atp 1 9 Particle Age S el hytime catp 1 1 Hybrad CLl ster sei ar latp 1 2 Page 34 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide HYPACT Concentration and Header Files iles a a o a head Files output are limited to the grids selected by the arameter i Meteorological variables saved if requested by E ftant Topography nase Land Percentage U Wind Component D V Wind Component 2 W Wind Component 3 Turbulent Kinetic Energy 14 Theta 2 nhs nese case eels eee aa ere 19 Vertical Diffusivity 68 Horizontal Diffusivity 69 Concentration variables saved for each species if requested by DUTPUT namelist parameters ieulout and ilagout and the SSPECTES namelist parameter igutspec Lagrangian s c 995 9 o ww 100 nsp Average Lagrangian 200 nsp PULLS AAT coe tee eine retk rira eaux s 300 nsp Average Lagrangian 400 nsp Page 35
47. tes between different tracer fields etc The raw particle files can also be output allowing the user to diagnose the particle concentrations on a finer concentration grid Concentration grid diagnosis and NCAR Graphics plotting features were included in the 0 2 beta version of HYPACT however there are now included in REVU RAMS HYPACT Page 1 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Evaluation and Visualization Utilities For details on the use of this tool please refer to the REVU User s Guide Similar to RAMS HYPACT is in a state of continual evolution This document is the fourth edition of the HYPACT User s Guide describing the model as of August 2001 HYPACT version 1 2 0 is FORTRAN 90 compliant and includes several RAMS modules and the RAMS and Utilities libraries UNIX Linux make commands and a system of make files and ile i es are used for compiling the code The make files are detailed in the section i BEER HYPACT model 1 is controlled by a set of namelist variables usually contained in a file named rer rori to operate HYPACT the user should be acquainted with the two primary means of setting parameters that control its functions These are 1 The various cprfi i ntained in hcommons h which define several array dimensions controlling th 7 2 The variables in the The following sections of this document describes the function and use of each of the parameters and namelist variables and how to set appropriate values
48. the number of sources in the file and one line for each source containing all the information for each source in comma delimited format The relevant information for each source shape is order is important din a E Mer x e Triangular Mi cien ego ET o Elliptical ESE EMS Mer gue i fps e Point FFOITAIDE irre yer s EET EX Note the extra variable nvert in the polygonal source that is not in the namelist This is the number of vertices in the polygon Page 21 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide EMISSIONS Namelist The UNIX path and filename containing the emission database up to 80 characters An il the file format follows this table Note that the path is optional emfile and can be either relative or absolute no path is equivalent to Ma If emfile is set character none the emission database is read from the ems Pj ec de If s d ie points to a database file with the exception of i en remaining EMISSIONS namelist parameters are overwritten iemit A multi valued parameter that determines what emissions specified by this namelist Du are to be used for the current HYPACT simulation A value of 1 activates the integer array H emission isource A multi valued parameter that specifies the nth source from the S PURCES namelist or integer a ispecies m A multi valued parameter that specifies the nth species from the SIPECIES namelist o integer array Multi valued parameters which specify
49. the spread This value must be less than ihybpart dise all particles will be converted when their respective clusters are full Conversion of a cluster that a source is in the process of filling will not take place until that cluster is fi source s emission is complete A recommended setting for ihybmin is 10 of hiemem hybhoriz The horizontal length scale defined as fractional horizontal grid spacing With a spread real of six standard deviations and hybhoriz and Hybvert s equal to 1 cluster conversions are made approximately when the particles have dispers at least the entire grid volume in each dimension Settings of hybhoriz and due era therefore be in the range 1 to 3 hybvert The vertical length scale defined as fractional vertical grid spacing or the distance real meters if hybvert is less than 0 With a spread of six standard deviations and Lasse and hybvert is equal to 1 cluster conversions are made approximately when the pete dispersed over at least the entire grid volume in each dimension Settings of nd hybvert should therefore be in the range 1 to 3 Page 13 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide OUTPUT Namelist Almost all output is controlled by the SOUTPUT namelist with the sole exception that the ioutspec pec EPECIES ametis variable in the BPECIES namelist fontrols whether individual species are included in the output hyppref The UNIX path name and prefix for the HYPACT output files generated during
50. ture upgrades may include Dry Deposition Rain Out Re evaporation Plume Rise Evaporative Sources Ground dust emissions Gridded Source Input and background concentrations Chemical Transformations Removal of Inactive Particles GRIB file output History Restarts Execution Control GUI Code Parrallelization in line with RAMS version 5 0 Future visualization tools may include Concentration grid post process tool and viewer in REVU and REVU GUI RINGI Further development ideas and collaboration questions and bugs reports please save relevant RAMS analysis and les are welcome and can be directed to ae Page 8 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide HYPACT Configuration Parameters All HYPACT parameters are set in hcommons h nvar3d nvar2d nvarsd integer Specifies the number of 3 D atmospheric 2 D and 3 D soil arrays respectively that are read from RAMS analysis files They are multiplied by the respective sizes of each array type and summed to determine the amount of memory to allocate in HYPACT for containing RAMS output fields Values for these parameters should only be changed if one is modifying the HYPACT code to read in more RAMS fields maxg integer Used to dimension several arrays in the hcommons h common block file maxg must be greater than or equal to the number of grids used in a RAMS simulation used to drive HYPACT maxi maxj maxk integer Us
51. y all volumes or masses are emitted with equal probability between the size limits szpwr may be any non negative number ioutspec A multi valued parameter specifying what species are to be included in the output To integer array output the species set ioutspec to 1 t Each array must contain entries for each species Page 16 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide Species Database File The following illustrates some species in the database file format 1 3 TRS 60 ug 0 1 1 1 N CO B 2 N 44 ug 0 1 1 1 XXT 98 ug 0 1 1 1 Where the header line contains file format version and the number of species in the file with each subsequent line containing all the information for each species in comma delimited format order is important specname d Note that the SPECIES Tamelist ariable ipu speci ip not included in the species database file and should be included in the YSPECIES namelist If ea default is to output for all species Page 17 MRC ASTER HYPACT Version 1 2 0 User s Guide SOURCES Namelist srcfile character srcname charapt r array shape charaptpr array Srez real array The UNIX path and filename containing the source database up to 80 characters An xample file hnd the file format follows this table Note that the path is optional and can be either relative or absolute no path is equivalent to If srefile is set to none the source databa
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