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SoundScope Reference Manual

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1. Task Begin a little segment of gt digitized data from the ae Scan Loop Begin Scan Loop Begin instruNet Controller lt gt 4 gt t Segment Loop Begin which continuously l i 7 ll Pine Ig cd digitizes with no gaps a dE MiS l l between scans or L eee ei eo Plot Segment segments which can be pa HA ClearsUpdate analyzed displayed and l E streamed to disk while HPL l data continues to be i y acquired in the E f ime background Plot m aitfor trigger Segment plots the lt digitize scann gt lt digitize scan n 1 segment on the screen al The user easily builds on i this template by adding instructions at any a a ume position Many instructions can analyze long streams of data via seamless segments as detailed in the Seams amp Things appendix The illustration above shows two iterations through the Segment Seamless scan loop gt r digitize scan n 2 DATA ACQUISITION PARAMETERS Parameter are set by the user as described in the following table Where Parameter is Specified of channels Specified in the Link To instruNet Channel button in the Wave dialog of sets of scans to acquire Specified in the No of Scans field in the Digitize Segment dialog of points per scan Specified in the Pts per Scan field in the Digitize Segment dialog sample rate Specified in the Sample Rate field in the Digitize Segment dialo
2. Upon file error stop all running tasks The Format button in the File Save Wave dialog described in The Menubar chapter Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual provides many formatting and data size options e g store data in binary or text format Transfer Wave to Journal is used to transfer wave points in text form to a journal or a string This is typically used to get wave data into an ASCII format for easy export to spreadsheets and word processors If you are transferring waves gt 32kBytes you must transfer wave data to a string since 32kBytes is the maximum capacity of any single journal String capacity is only limited by available computer RAM so large waves can be transferred to strings You can transfer multiple waves to the same string or journal each of which will appear in a separate column A wave that is transferred to a journal or a string will be put in one column and can be indexed by point number or by time or have no index If an index is applied it will appear as the first column in the string or journal When a string or journal is opened in a spreadsheet each wave in the string will appear as a separate column of numbers For details on transferring text between application programs please see Appendix Transferring Data The Transfer Wave Options button opens the Transfer Transfer Data from AinO to Notes Wave Options dialog that one specifies if the entire ai Entire wav
3. discussion at the beginning Marker C i e of this chapter for details e on how to use this powerful facility which is accessed by pressing the Transfers button The Transfers dialog is used to enable analysis in addition to that which is setup on the main dialog 1 e one does not need to select a pulse characteristic in the main dialog in order to enable it in the Transfers dialog Doit Clear Cancel Instructions Example Pulse Detection Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual If the wave data contains several pulses each are Ae analyzed separately and the Wol tysec results are placed into a table 217 907 with a row dedicated to each f 295 592 pulse as shown above i 825 372 The Detection dialog specifies the criteria for detecting pulses with two threshold values This dialog is opened by pressing the Detection button In the Pulse Analysis dialog shown previously parameters t3 time of rising edge slope slope of rising edge and pulse number from wave W1 are sent to journal Data With this setup the wave to the right produces the following results H1 Slope Pulse Wolt sec 1 217 992 2 208 592 The Detection dialog is used to define a Pulse Detection pulse and set several pulse analysis options A section of a wave is High threshold Volt considered to be a pulse when it falls below the low E pow re 0105 22000 Holt
4. Why should I bother with Databases They are easy to implement since they only require 4 buttons and 4 tasks each with several instructions Also if you save your data to a file with a random name in a random folder SuperScope II can no longer access the data automatically Instead it should be stored in a tightly controlled RECORDNUMBER OBJECTNAME filename format in one folder that is accessed with a datapipe When should I transfer data to a spreadsheet Generally one should minimize the number of application programs in use since transferring data from one to another is often laborious and other programs are typically not designed to work with many long lists of numbers We recommend that data and results be kept in a SuperScope II database and spreadsheets be used only to make presentation quality graphs To create a database 1 Create DB datapipe Choose Datapipe P New Datapipe under File to create a datapipe set the Name to DB and then press OK 2 Create Record field Choose New Control 1 3 gt under Control change the Name to Record choose Data Range in the Main popup menu set the Minimum to 0 0 set the increment to 1 0 set the Maximum to 10000000 press OK choose Precision in the Main popup menu set the of digits to right of decimal field to 0 press OK and press OK 3 Create New DB button Choose New under Task set the task Name to New DB double click on the Datapipe instruction choose Create new
5. instruction text to journal Bench if it exists checkbox is used to send 10 characters of Task Beg Clear at Clear C Voiced instruction text as each instruction is executed to Loop end Loop 3 t Pulse an Sound St journal Taskl0 if a journal by that name exists Move NZ Move MZ Move M3 Mowe M3 The At run time send S EEMS Task 8 0 A A 22 a Task80 if it exists TASK Cale error Action checkbox is used sendan 2AA a SSS SSS CSS Se A Task Begin 1 000000 A status line as Mowe M3 to absolute time X of 1 000000 we moved the marker t e instruction 1S Move M3 to next maximum of FF 3 000000 marker is on last wave pt executed to journal Marker M3 amp wawe FFT intersec e 1 000000 value 0 000 Task80 if a journal by Insert Hax FFT value int 1 000000 If String PeakFFT gt 4 5003 t 1 000000 0 000 gt 4 500 false that name exists The status line includes the first 30 characters of the instruction s text the value of the error variable after the instruction is executed and the action taken For example in the report above the If string PeakFFT gt 4 5 then line resulted a 0 gt 4 5 test which produced False The error variable is loaded with a status value after each instruction is executed For a list of these please see Appendix D Task80 is a very powerful debugging feature and should be used when a task is not working as expected
6. threshold climbs above rThresholds the high threshold and oD and UA ee E then falls below the low 8 U1 Low threshold U2 High threshold threshold as summarized 7 in the following figure e Calculate vl of min to max Both the low and the high v2 2 of min to max threshold values are set in i the Detection dialog box O Exit instruction after finding pulse Two thresholds are used instead of one to minimize false triggers due to noise SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Seamless Scans Pulse 1 _le Pulse 2 ____w _ ___ Pulse 3 Pulse 1 Maximum Pulse 2 Maximum o AAA 4 Pulse 2 V2 Pulse Detection High Threshold Pulse Detection Low Threshold Pulse 2 V1 Z Pulse 3 Pulse 2 Minimum Minimum ES V1 is defined as V2 is defined as a percentage of Min a percentage of Min to Max e g 10 to Max e g 90 Pulse Analysis defines two parameters v1 and v2 that are instrumental in calculating many pulse characteristics Pulse Analysis concentrates chiefly on the sections of each pulse below v1 and above v2 These values can be set to the thresholds or defined as a percentage of max and min and recalculated for each pulse By default v1 is set to the low threshold and v2 is set to the high threshold You can change these settings in the Detection dialog box The diagram above shows v1 and v2 for a
7. under Journal and set Tabs to 4 characters Key is used to select a cloverleaf key such as W which creates a new waveform Automatically press encountered OK buttons is used to close dialog boxes after they are opened by this instruction it is as if someone pressed the OK button This works on most dialogs yet not all due to internal dialog mechanisms Many command keys are disabled when a dialog is open therefore Choose Menu may not respond as expected when Go or Step is pressed in the Task Editor Open instruction in task is used to show the dialog box of an instruction at run time The instruction number uses base i e Task Begin is instruction 1 the instruction after Task Begin is 2 and so forth and so on 6 11 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual CLEAR amp UPDATE Display Control Illustration Description 6 12 Clear and Update This instruction is used to control displays and journals in a digitizer based task It is here that one specifies the maximum rate that each display is cleared each display is updated i e redrawn and each journal is cleared The display clear and update fields are often used to reduce the amount of time dedicated to screen graphics For example one can acquire and analyze 100 scans much faster if clear amp update is done once every ten scans as opposed to once a scan Drawing to the screen often takes more time than analysis or acquisition
8. 3 24 The Menubar The Options button opens the Task Options dialog which determines which computer processes are executed in between each instruction execution For example you might want to choose a menu command while the task is running and subsequently delay it s execution Or perhaps you want the task to run extremely fast and lock out other processes Generally the computer can only do one thing at a time The following processes can be enabled for execution in between each task instruction Their only cost is time SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Task Options O Allow other application programs to update E Allow mouse keyboard activity every E Allow other tasks to run E EJ Allow wave lengths to change easily faster Abort Options O Stop task if mouse button is pressed O eee a mousa dan aber sheds an phere DO pon a mosso don abari hear Cancel OK Update events to other applications programs Applications periodically send update events to other executing applications This is done when the active application is idling and doesn t mind letting someone else use the microprocessor for a little while Some applications are hungrier than others when receiving update events e g Filemaker running over the network consumes 2 seconds e Mouse and keyboard activity e g choose menu command mouse down on front panel control keyboard typing The frequency at which mouse and keyboard activi
9. right corner lets you select a datapipe as the destination folder If no datapipes exist it will simply show the current folder The Format button lets you change the file format and other parameters The default format is 16 bit integer or 32 bit floating point depending on the internal data type To check or change the type switch to the Full Menubar select the Options command from the Wave menu and click on the Points button The data can be saved as Text for use in another application The Audio IFF AIFF format is an emerging industry standard for sound See Appendix A Transfer Wave Data and Appendix B File Formats for Audio IFF Resource OPHEF Delete disposes of the wave selected in the delete submenu Once a wave is deleted it s gone Unless it e File Format 3 16 bit integer O 32 Hi fooling pal Text engineering units MacSpeech Lab 16 bit int lt gt Scott s HO SoundScope Betal Y my Li defmaiie 3 Di defaults far dieninas ii Busi fhaane oval channel A Dy Dual Channel pk upe Dy LPD posks on lian In i Single Channel ci Single Channel msi i EM Desktop Save J File name Folder Save Wave Options r Data aaa 7 All points From points C KA gt Append to file name L Trace Number O Date O Time additional information The Data options let you save only a subset of the wave and the Append choices will annot
10. Description Example dl wave or channel d2 wave or channel The Maximum function returns the maximum value for each corresponding pair of points in waves dl and d2 For example if d1 1 2 3 and d2 3 0 1 Maximum would return 3 2 3 since 3 is greater then 1 2 is greater then 0 and 3 is greater then 1 Wave Maximum d1 d2 6 2n T u Wave a e Mas a Es a ma EIA A Ho mo mm mM D ps E es ee ee 4 gor Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual MaxToDate d1 Maximum Value To Date Parameters Description Example dl wave or channel The MaxToDate function computes a running maximum of the parameter d1 The nth point of the result wave is the maximum value of the first n points of d1 This function works with seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Wave MaxToDate d1 dl 6 t 2 I aen 0 t a 4 5 ee a Wave 8 2 8 8 y 0 4 Functions amp Operators 7 49 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Minimum dl d2 Minimum Value Parameters Description Example dl wave or channel d2 wave or channel The Minimum function returns the minimum value for each corresponding pair of points in waves d1 and d2 For example if d1 1 2 3 and d2 3 0 1 Minimum would return 1 0 1 since 1 is less then 3 0 is less then 2 and 1 is less then 3 Wave Minimum d1
11. It supports less than lt greater than gt less than or equal to lt greater than or equal to gt equal to and not equal to While end Instructions 6 33 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual PULSE ANALYSIS Record Pulse Characteristics Illustration Description Pulse Analysis on wi E Log pulse number tmas minz t4 t tez e slopez areal max The Pulse Analysis instruction is used to analyze pulses and send up to 24 characteristics e g min max rise time fall time etc of each pulse to journals waves controls strings variables and markers The upper most pop up menu specifies which wave is to be analyzed and the Send To Journal pop up specifies which journal is to receive results If Log Pulse Number is checked pulse numbers are sent to the journal The user selects which characteristics to record by clicking on their labels A box appears around all selected labels e g and the user merely clicks again to de select One can send any number or any combination of pulse characteristics to any journal Additionally one can transfer any combination of Pulse Analysis pulse characteristics to a Transfer wave marker or variable a l via the Transfer dialog Journal _Data optioms U shown to the right Please Wave _ test gations w see the Transfer Dialog O Variable _error Beteas 1
12. Pressing the Revert button in the Wave dialog reverts all values except data to what they were when the dialog first appeared canceling all changes The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual The Points button opens the Points dialog This box enables one to view and edit ae ae parameters related to the actual data Fields pata OWS g are provided to view and edit the amount of data storage in points assigned to the wave storage Length znd points the number of valid data points the sample Walid Data 200 points period time between points and the first point time The storage length is the amount Sample Period 0 0010000000 sec of memory allocated to the wave in terms of of points and the number of valid data points First Point 0 0000000000 sec is the of valid data currently in that storage buffer The of valid points will range from a 0 to the storage length and the storage length Fasi Oleg e kataton eee will range from 0 to that permitted by Last Valid Point 0 199000 sec available memory 16bit integers consume Sample Rate 1000 pts sec 2bytes per point and 32bit float consume 4 bytes per point therefore a 250K point float SPE wave would consume 1MB for example If LJ Save data with instrument file Save Data With Instrument File is checked T i SuperScope II will save the wave s data in the instrument file If it is not checked the wave is saved with O points of data Note that
13. SetBit d1 bitNum Set or Clear bit in result Parameters d1 wave or channel bitNum scalar integer between 0 and 31 Description SetBit sets or clears the specified bit number bitNum in the result wave If the Definition Example Functions amp Operators corresponding point in d1 is equal to 0 the bit is cleared 0 otherwise it is set high 1 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks if d1 n 0 result n result n BitwiseAnd falseMask else result n result n BitwiseOr trueMask where falseMask InvertBits 1 shiftedLeft by bitNum bits trueMask 1 shiftedLeft by bitNum bits If d1 1 0 and result 3 5 SetBit d1 2 would cause the 2nd bit base 0 of the 1st result point to be set since the first point in d1 is non zero and the 2nd bit in the 2nd result point to be set to O since the 2nd point in dl is 1 Subsequently the result would become 7 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Shift d1 Parameters Description Definition Example oints Shift d1 wave or channel pointsscalar integer Shift returns the parameter d1 shifted by points points If points is positive dl is zero padded and shifted to the right If points is negative point points are deleted and the rest are shifted to the left Result n d1 n points for n gt points Result n 0 for n lt points Given 10 n E i n 5 P w n e 2 3 4 5 6
14. The Display Clear every n scans edit field sets the rate each display is cleared If the Clear every n scans checkbox is not checked clearing is inhibited all together This pertains to each display as selected with the Display pop up menu The Update every n scans edit field sets the rate each display is redrawn If the Update every n scans checkbox is not checked clearing is inhibited all together This pertains to each display as selected with the Display pop up menu The Journal Clear every n scans edit field sets the rate each journal is cleared If the Clear every n scans checkbox is not checked clearing is inhibited all together This pertains to each journal as selected with the Journal pop up menu Instructions CURVE FITTING Illustration Description Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Least Squares Fitting Curve Fit un Method Model Polynomial of terms ln al alk a t Results l Transfers EJ Replace source wave with result This instruction fits the specified wave to a sin polynomial exponential or linear expression For example in the illustration to the right a series of 200 samples were fit to a 5th degree polynomial i e a0 alx a2x a3x3 a4x4 a5x5 To facilitate viewing both the source and result the source was copied via Calculate Wave into a another wave before replacing it with the result The Transfer dialog is used
15. amp SoundScope Reference Manual Alarm Ain0 Uthresh Lthresh Alarm Control Output Parameters Ain0 input channel or wave Uthresh scalar Lthresh scalar Description Alarm sets its output bit high 1 or low 0 according to the strength of the input signal If the signal is between the upper threshold Uthresh and the lower threshold Lthresh the output is set to off 0 if the input signal is greater than Uthresh or less than LThresh the output is set to on 1 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks There is no hysteresis in the feedback loop therefore the signal may oscillate at a threshold if the input contains noise See also OnOff and Limit Example Aout0 Alarm Ain0 8 4 Upper Threshold pz l Output on Output off Output on F Output off Ale Output an Functions amp Operators 7 5 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Append d1 d2 Append Two Waves Parameters dl wave or channel d2 wave or channel Description Append returns the concatenation of d1 and d2 The appended wave will consist of all the points of d1 followed by all of the points of d2 The sample rate of the appended wave will be set equal to the sample rate of d1 Example Wave Append dl d2 d1 5 M S N N N N N N N E 5 E N N N N N N N H E 7 6 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual ArcCos al ArcCosine Parameters al wave cha
16. described earlier and then running the task To amplify the deriv wave in real time one would add a deriv deriv 20 0 Calculate Wave instruction after the Deriv Calculate Wave instruction One can have as many calculated waves and as many Calculate Wave task instructions as desired memory permitting In fact most task instructions inside a loop that processes a continuous stream automatically operate on that stream as though it were one long wave To calculate pulse period amplitude etc data on an incoming stream Choose Edit Acquire under Task to open the Task Editor Drag the Pulse Analysis instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the line under Digitize Segment or above Clear amp Update if you want to operate on entire scans at a time choose the wave to analyze in the uppermost popup menu press the Detection button and then set the High and Low Threshold values as desired A pulse is defined as a section of a wave that passes below the low threshold above the high threshold and then again below the low threshold Generally these two numbers are close e g 2 0 and 2 1 Press OK to exit the Detection dialog Any of the 25 displayed parameters can be calculated and transferred to journals waves markers indicators etc 1 To transfer to a journal select a journal in the Send to journal popup select the Log pulse number checkbox click once on each parameter of interest to select it for calculation selected param
17. option since SuperScope II can access wave values for analysis storage and recall whereas journals are primarily for export to a spreadsheet and for the user s perusal To append one point to the end of a wave each time through a loop one must create a wave to receive the data by choosing New under Wave place it into a display possibly plot Dots instead of Lines via the Features dialog under Display and set up the transferring of a scalar value to that wave via any of the instructions that transfer scalars e g Statistics Pulse Analysis Assignment Arithmetic etc These instructions have a Wave Transfer Options button that opens a dialog that specifies which wave point receives the scalar each time the instruction is executed The default settings transfer a value to point 1 the first time through the loop point 2 the next time and so forth Step By Step Design Reference 8 13 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual MARKERS Markers mark a time in a wave or display When a Marker is placed into a Display it appears as a vertical line that can be moved with the mouse after choosing Mouse Move Marker under Display or via a task instruction Markers are sort of like variables they consist of a name and a corresponding value Their position which is usually in units of Seconds is their value This value can be read or written by most task instructions Writing to a marker moves it to a new position Any number of markers can b
18. press OK position the new pulse output parameter display directly under the timewave display via Panel Edit On Off and then run your task to test your work d To see a real time histogram of the pulse analysis parameter choose New under Wave set the name to histo press OK choose New under Display set the name to histo drag the histo wave into the Display area press the Features button choose Bars in the Plot popup press OK press OK reposition the histogram display via Panel Edit On Off choose Edit Acquire under Task drag Calculate Wave from the Instruction Dictionary to the position below the Pulse Analysis instruction set up histo Histogram parameterWave press OK press OK to exit the Task Editor run the Acquire task and then adjust the histogram display as needed To type notes at run time that later appear at the bottom of a display synchronized to their input time Choose New under Journal to create a new journal set the Name to Runtime select the Prefix notes with Seconds option or hrs min sec if you don t want to see time stamps like 14532 seconds to cause a time stamp to appear next to each note select the Show notes in the display W1 option to cause the time stamped notes to appear below the display post acquisition press OK to create the journal reposition the front panel objects via Panel Edit On Off under Display run the Acquire task to start the digitizing click once in the Runtime journal t
19. that Notes tracks the wave values for the current cursor location The Show command will also bring any window based journal to the front This is useful since the Front Panel often occupies o Cursor SAA lave Horizontal Vertical Copy Task places a textual copy of a task onto the Clipboard To save or print AimO 0 079 Sec 0 967 Volt Wi 0 079 Sec 0 981 Volt SoundScope journal or another application To copy all tasks Copy Task places a textual copy of a task onto the Clipboard To save or print simply paste the data into a The Menubar 3 5 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual to the clipboard press Option Shift O To copy a description of the entire instrument to the clipboard press Option a To copy a description of the entire instrument including menubars to the clipboard press Option Shift a Copy Display places a visual copy of a display in PICT format onto the Clipboard To create a report or presentation simply paste the data into another application Copy Wave Text places wave values in text format onto the Clipboard To save print plot or analyze the data simply paste into a SoundScope journal or another application Copy Wave Graph places a visual copy of a wave in PICT format onto the Clipboard To create a report or presentation simply paste the data into another application Choose Menubar lets you select SoundScope s Full menus or any other menubar created by an Instrum
20. 1t as public domain free software e g places it on CD s places it on bulletin boards sends to SS2 owners etc THE OSCILLOSCOPE amp STRIP CHART MODELS SuperScope II allows three modes of data acquisition Strip Chart Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued are triggered at the beginning of each scan while Strip Chart is triggered once at the beginning of all scans Strip Chart mode allows for the design of instruments that will stream large amounts e g gt 100MB to hard disk and is not affected by scan breaks i e data collection is continuous across scan breaks Modes are selected in the Scan Mode popup in the Digitize Segment Dialog For details on the Digitize Segment Dialog and the Scan Modes please refer to Chapter 5 of the instruNet User s manual How many signals do I want to simultaneously digitize amp at what sample rates A typical instruNet network typically supports multiple channels being digitized simultaneously at rates up to 166Ks sec throughput e g 83K samples per second per channel for 2 channels however this varies depending on the network length of cables and computer Generally the sample period is set small enough so that an artifact in the wave is nicely represented when its points are plotted For example if a wave contains 10ms wide pulses and 25 points would describe them nicely one would set the sample period to 10ms 25 0 4ms 2500s sec sample rate What data do I want
21. 2 If an upstroke was found If Variable error 1 000 then Move markers around upstroke Marker R Marker L Var delta Marker L Marker L Var deltaT Do analysis on the segment or what ever you want to do here Statistics on Nseg max to Jl Move Left marker to Right marker Marker L Marker R Go look for another upstroke Jump to LookForSpike If end Plot Segment Segment Loop End Clear amp Update Scan Loop End The above framework uses the two markers to scan along the W1 wave and when an upstroke W1 rising above 2V is found it calculates the average value of the section 0 1 seconds from the upstroke position It then continues along analyzing each upstroke One could modify this task to process many waves using markers segments and analysis instructions Step By Step Design Reference 8 27 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Appendix A Inter application Data Transfer The computer is a powerful environment for acquiring analyzing and presenting data And managing this data is sometimes a little tricky when one wants to transfer it from one application program to another when the applications were designed without knowledge of each other The following table recommends several methods for transferring wave data from one place to another SuperScope II Spreadsheet Choose Copy Wave Text under Wave to copy a wave to or SoundScope or Word the clipboard and then
22. 7 8 INO 11 12 13 14 J 1617 18 ES E 10 B a d1 Wave Shift d1 3 Wave 10 eee ee 5 a PNY S n A A 9 9H n 5 23 45 67 8 9 1011 1N3 1415161778 n 10 1 a Wave Shift d1 3 7 2 3 4 5 6NZ 8 9 ee ae era ee m en La Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual SignalAvg d1 Signal Average Multiple Wave Parameters d1 wave or channel Description SignalAvg returns a wave which contains the point wise average of the previous occurrences of d1 since the beginning of the task The nth point of the result wave contains the average of all the nth points of dl since the beginning of the task The result wave has the same length as the parameter wave Do not confuse this function with AvgtoDate which computes a running average within a scan or Smooth which computes an n point moving average of one occurrence of dl scan Definition Resultin sgan X Xd lscan j 1 Example Wave SignalAvg d1 51 ee di ist occurance a 51 234567089 10111241415 16 17 ZO IT aart na d2 2nd occurance n a 72 E a a Be 2345 6 7 8 9101112 ted 6 ieee 20 T aay Wave after 2nd occurance Sumer 0 I ana erred a Se 234567809 1011125141516171516 5 E 2 p n Functions amp Operators 7 67 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Silent speech Parameters Description Example Calculate Silent Regions in Speech speech wave or chann
23. A hoes ohana 6 40 Et Wave Internals e fae A ss e hha de 6 41 Sound das aida 6 42 ASC e N A O O E es 6 43 Sire Operan a A A a 6 44 Sl os are ee es seeded ton de de leaded ee Cedille AA E A eu aean de aidan aes 6 46 Scam Loop BRA A as Ay cei ay ages A A ae daw A A A AAA See 6 47 Mranscende ntal i 2200 dos co ends pte a te a A ates Ain ond EEE E ds ed wl de 6 48 User Interact A A A A ob hued Ws a 6 49 User Prompts EAT E tiara te 6 51 CHAPTER 7 FUNCTIONS amp OPERATORS Operators ips A A AAA EA 7 1 Complex NUDE e o nd Ba do cal dE 7 2 WAVES ISA A A A AE A EE 7 2 Spectrum Analyzer Example cuota oust na ia ce aa des Ad E a 7 3 FUNCION E E A ae aoe eek A A Cen an ee cease ae 7 4 ADS Mods A TE woven FN eds tf ater Ai Line PE wales BAN hd oe tt OP ec 7 4 AMA A A 4 kinds dads beanies 7 5 o A O ES 7 6 ATC OS a AS A doi id 7 7 AOS ceca dG ws es seni SAN ASA OS a AN 7 8 Arc Pan A A AAA E atte T aE 7 9 AutoCorre O dete st a a e cet Re tet dala UE do a lle rod eel 7 10 AVE ODA sd TS A ES eos coe ceive eed A AAA A 7 11 Black Mad o hoes a A o a td wa 7 12 COMPICSS A E A AA AA IA A A A 7 13 CONVOLVO Ltrs chic do end e le e e 7 14 COPY A A A ace 7 15 COS e e a E ES A a ade e 7 16 Cross COMELAM ON ui A A Ta 7 17 CTOSSPOWGER IE cadets tsi cans gaat eee tee dee ei E EA aan a eet acts Ae 7 18 DeConvolution o coc Seve hese cee have Boe a esha os Le eRe ek Ce ean oe 7 19 Delete et tes E EE oer RNa se wane Ai end os avon Nees a lr 7 20 DEV ee dete oe hohe
24. AR 7 NG 0 5 a Nu Pi XN Functions amp Operators 7 27 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Histogram d1 max min bins Histogram Parameters dl wave or channel max scalar min scalar bins scalar integer Description The Histogram function returns a wave that represents a histogram of d1 The value of the nth point of the result is the number of points in d1 whose values lie max min between min n 1 0 and min nd where 0 ping _ The result wave must contain 32 bit floating values To view and modify internal data types press the Format button in the Wave Options dialog Example Wave Histogram argl 0 50 10 Wave 7 28 Functions amp Operators Imaginary d1 Parameters Description Definition Example SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Return Imaginary Parts of Complex Wave dl wave or channel Imaginary returns a wave which is half the length of the parameter wave and contains all of the even numbered points in the parameter wave dl base 1 This function is useful for extracting the imaginary parts of waves in complex number format For a discussion on complex numbers please refer to the beginning pages of this chapter See Also MakeComplex Mag Real and Phase Result i d1 2i iis base 1 Wave Imaginary d1 al Wave Functions amp Operators 7 29 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual IndexSort d1 Parameters
25. Control attributes and behavior of controls and apr Object indicators The Control pop up menu at E the top indicates which control s options E Name are being displayed The Type and Style Tune Style pop up menus determine if the object is a ee _ ue switch button dial knob etc Value The Name field determines the object name and is used by tasks to reference the object s value For example a task could be setup to beep if switch Fred was set to the On position In the Boolean world erate peas oe a This area is still in development be careful common True value Therefore a task could read the value of Fred and beep if Fred s value was not zero Other items in the Control Options dialog specify the range for a knob or slider the label shown next to the object and the task that is executed when the control is moved Delete disposes of the control selected in the delete submenu Once a control is deleted it s gone Unless it was saved there is no recall Label contains the items Edit Label and Text Format Selecting Edit Label opens the Displayed Label dialog where you can edit the label that appears on the front of the control If a front panel control s label contains characters then Edit Label the displayed label changes depending on the value of the control indicator Text Formal For example if you created a button control i e a control that can only have two stat
26. Create new folder with default name don t prompt Cancel The Datapipes instruction is used to show a datapipe folder dialog create a new folder for data or create a new folder and prompt for a folder name Show datapipe s Folder Dialog is identical to choosing Datapipe Folder under File Create new folder and prompt for folder name is identical to choosing New Folder under File When a folder is created the datapipe will go up one level create a folder and then dip the pipe into the new folder therefore it might be best to preposition the pipe to a data set folder Create new folder with default name don t prompt is similar to New Folder under File except a default unique name is chosen i e the user does not see a dialog box When a folder is created the datapipe will go up one level create a folder and then dip the pipe into the new folder therefore it might be best to preposition the pipe to a data set folder For details on datapipes and their commands please refer to the Datapipe discussion in The Menubar chapter 6 15 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual DISK I O Illustration Description 6 16 Journal Wave amp File Transfer Data Transfer Load journal Data from disk O Delete last saved file O Delete last loaded file The Disk VO instruction is used to transfer a wave or journal to or from disk delete a file transfer wave data to a journal or transfer
27. Datapipes RS AA SAA DATA A Nee ep nates 8 18 a A EE 8 19 Workime With Tasks a A a 8 21 Features you can add to your Strip Chart Instrument 0ooooccoccccncccnnccnncconnccnnccnncccnnccnnnconnos 8 23 APPENDIX A INTER APPLICATION DATA TRANSFER OVEINIEW A TS TRES TEA A AITANA RAR E A 1 MA a E A 1 LO e a e e Nana UR A 2 E say es gate seus dus gates E E sew eee odes Au emda A 2 Audio EE Eats cache ested can yale aught oe ahnte a aye oy aa ea aaa ete aegis os SAN ae UURR O A ep sates A 3 Systemi SOIL snd RES aaa ea uta A 3 APPENDIX B FILE FORMAT OVEDVICW ci e ci n B 1 Available Formats sell ese B 1 Sampling Rates smc ita B 2 APPENDIX C SEAMS amp THINGS APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION ERROR CODES TC 4 Table Of Contents SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter Welcome Welcome to the wonderful world of SuperScope II We are extremely excited about this product and hope you can share in our enthusiasm SuperScope II is more than just 1 product it is a core technology on which a number of products are based For example SoundScope 16 is SuperScope II with additional sound analysis capabilities GW Instruments is committed to the SuperScope II platform and will continue to develop it throughout this decade and into the 21st Century The current members of the SuperScope II product family are listed below SuperScope II Basic Package GWI SS2 SoundScope 16 Base Package GWI SoS16 TO GET STARTED To get started we rec
28. E Journal Task80 power on secs apl launch secs O Control be begin task secs OMarker i trigger secs E w 1 seconds E O String fotinns s m Clear Cancel Get Time provides immediate time information for purposes of absolute time and duration measurements For example one could use this instruction to read the time since the beginning of the task twice accurate to 25us and then subtract the two values to produce a duration measurement accurate to 25us For details on how to use this dialog please see the Transfer Dialog discussion at the beginning of this chapter month is the current month 1 12 day is the current day 1 31 year is the current year 1904 2040 hour is the current hour 0 23 minutes is the current minute 0 59 and seconds is the current second 0 59 power on secs is the number of elapsed seconds since powering on the computer apl launch secs is the number of elapsed seconds since launching the application choosing New Instrument under File or choosing Open under File 3 begin task secs is the number of elapsed seconds since the task began execution 3 trigger secs is the number of elapsed seconds since the trigger condition was last achieved in a digitizer based task This is typically the time since the acquisition of the first point of the most recently digitized scan If a scan has not yet been acquired this is the number of elapsed seconds
29. Formatter dialog is opened by pressing the Formatter button in the main dialog Received text is routed as setup in the Results area The first 2 Results checkboxes are used to copy or append the incoming text to a journal or string The Transfer 1 Scalar Value option is used to read a number from the incoming text 0 0 if no numbers are received and send it to a SuperScope II object For example if voltage 1 23 was received 1 23 would be transferred to objects as specified in the Transfers dialog The forth results option is used to receive a series of values and transfer them into a wave These values can be copied into a wave or appended onto the end of a wave as specified in the first pop up menu The second pop up specifies the format in which the text is interpreted If ASCII is chosen then numbers are received in ASCII text form with one of the following characters in between each number n t r 0 Note n is line feed t is tab r is carriage return and W is end of line For example 1 2 3 4 would be interpreted as two points and 1 2 would be transferred to the first point of the specified wave and 3 4 to the 2nd point The other non ASCII formats are internal data formats 128 binary Ibyte 128 to 127 0 255 binary Ibyte 0 to 255 32K binary 2bytes 32768 to 32767 high byte Ist 0 65K binary 2bytes 0 to 65536 high byte Ist 32K intel 2bytes 32768 to 32767 low byte Ist 0 65K intel 2bytes 0 to 655
30. Freg Cutoff 100 0 Hz Phase linear Stopband 42 dB Taps 20 3 11 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Wave Statistics provides general information on the designated wave segment or selection Depending on Wave Wi Statistics the wave size you may have to wait several seconds for the RINE Number of points in memory 200 data to appear The Wave pop up menu at the top allows i you to view statistics for a different wave segment or Data sampled at 1000 000 points sec selection Minimum 5 000 Volt at 195 0 msec Maximum 5 000 Volt at 169 0 msec Mean 0 100 Volt Standard deviation 3 562 Volt Area under wave 0 020 Volt sec Root mean square 3 563 Volt Duration 0 199000 sec Sum of points 19 909302 Uolt 3 12 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Display Menu Display The Display menu controls your interaction with the SuperScope II front Neu panel and it s displays It includes commands to control marker location a and various choices for mouse behavior Additionally it contains Options commands that create and customize display markers and waveform Delete segments New Options and Delete create modify and dispose of displays Controls Features and Labels are used to specify attributes of existing displays Marker is used to create rename and dispose of markers and Grid Snap On segments Marker objects represent a time e g 1
31. II amp SoundScope Reference Manual STRING OPERATION Managing Strings Illustration General String Operations Middle Ls mr daz CUES e coffeeLatte 5 Description The String instruction is used to Append two string Compare Append two string Copy one string into another string fill a string with the Date copy a Row of text within one string into another Compare string Insert text from one string into another string take the Copy integer value of one string and copy it into another string get Date the Length of a string grab the middle of a string round off the value in a string Set one Row of text within a string or copy Get Row the Time into a string Insert Integer Length would Middle result in string S1 being filled with 1 0000abc if V1 s value Round Off was 1 0 Notice that objects that are not typically considered as strings e g waves variables etc are converted to a string representation in this instruction Time The user must specify two source objects one result object and a specific operation in the String instruction dialog For example string S1 variable V1 Append Text abc Set Row Append concatenates the contents of the Ist source in string form to the contents of the 2nd source and places the result into the destination object left most group For example string S1 text abc APPEND text DEF would result in string S1 being filled with abcDE
32. Programming supports common programming features such as If Then Goto While Loop Loop N Times Define Subroutine Jump To Subroutine Insert Comment and Insert Label Add Subroutine creates a subroutine which is an independent program Subroutine mySub begins here sequences that is executed with a Jump To Subroutine return Subroutine command described below Upon completion of a subroutine program flow returns back to where the subroutine was originally called Jump To Subroutine is used to jump to the designated subroutine or task You can jump from a digitizer based task but not to another digitizer based task Jump to subroutine mySub Add Label is used to insert a program label for purposes of documentation and to provide a target for the Jump instruction Labels are suffixed with a colon e g Jump Here Jump is used to divert program flow to a program label which is setup with Add Label el e lc mylabe Add Comment inserts a comment for documentation purposes Hi my name i spoonman Do Every X Scans is Task Begin placed into the body of a Scan Loop Begin 100 scans Scan Loop which is Segment Loop Begin included with many templates to execute a group of instructions every X passes through the scan loop Body instructions are Do every 3 scans starting at scan 1 Ainz Aini Aind Do end Digitize Segment 10000 pts scai Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Refere
33. Reference Manual IntegAV dl area Integrate amp Reset on Reaching Area Parameters dl wave or channel area scalar Description IntegA V calculates the indefinite integral of the parameter wave until the area Definition Example reaches the parameter area value at which time it resets and immediately restarts accumulating new area The values returned by IntegA V are in units of vertical engineering units horizontal engineering units For example the area under dl 1 2 3V with a 50us sample period would be 1 2 3 50e 6 0 0003 Volts e Seconds Beware that this might cause overflow or underflow if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 This function works with seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks See also Integ IntegPT O IntegTL O and IntegTV n Result n Yd1 Result j d1 j when Result j gt area j l Wave IntegAV dl 10 dl s sample period is Isec Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual IntegPT d1 time Integrate amp Reset at Preset Time Parameters d1 wave or channel time scalar Description IntegPT calculates the indefinite integral of the parameter wave until the parameter Definition Example time it then resets and immediately restarts acc
34. Schmidt is used to reduce false triggers due to noise and should be 3x to 5x larger than the typical noise level The nth value in the constructed wave is equal to the number of peaks above threshold that occurred during the nth division The length of the d1 is divided into bins divisions and the pulses are counted in each of those divisions This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks The result wave must contain 32 bit floating values To view and modify internal data types press the Format button in the Wave Options dialog See also PulseStartTimes PulseEndTimes and PulseMaxTimes Example Wave TimeHisto dl 5 2 10 Functions amp Operators 7 75 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual TimeValues Parameters Description Example di timeList Read Values at Specified Times dl wave or channel timeList wave TimeValues returns a list of points in waveform dl at the specified times in timeList The value of each point in timeList represents an amount of time in seconds which could originate from the PulseMaxTimes Instruction for example At each time in timeList TimeValues reads the wave d1 and appends it s value to the result wave For example if d1 0 1 2 3 and it s sample period is 0 001 samples sec times 001 003 then TimeValues d1 times would return 1 3 Wave TimeValues d1 timeList dl s sample period is 1 sample sec TimeValues
35. Template Instructions appear in the Task area These form a skeleton functionality that the user builds on The user can at any time add instructions in between the template instructions simply by dragging them from the instruction dictionary Two base templates exist one for Digitizing tasks and one for non Digitizing tasks If one chooses New under task a one instruction template appears as Task Begin shown to the right The one instruction Task Begin is used to initialize Ain Aini Aree several objects when the task is run and is ignored by the user in most cases In this example the Ain0 Ain1 Ain2 instruction is not bolded and is therefore not part of the template i e it was added by the end user by dragging the Calculate Wave instruction from the Dictionary to the task area If one chooses New Digitizer under Task a Template appears Task Begin that includes the minimal set of instructions required for a data Scan Loop Begin 2 scans acquisition task The Scan Loop Begin Scan Loop End Segment Loop Begin instruction pair executes the enclosed instructions i e the Digitize Segment 1000 Segment Loop and Clear amp Update for the number of scans as set in the Scan Loop Begin instruction The Segment Loop actually acquires data To process incoming data in real time as it pegeent AOpen is being acquired put your analysis instructions inside of the Clear E Update Segment Loop Refer to Appendix C fo
36. To transfer a value from one object to another Choose Edit desiredTask to open the Task Editor and drag the Assignment instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to open its dialog Choose your source object type in the upper right popup specific source in the lower right popup destination object type in the upper left popup and specific destination in the lower left popup The Options dialogs are used to set various transfer options For example the Wave Transfer Options dialog enables one to specify which wave point is used in the transfer The default settings transfer to point 1 on the first transfer 2 on the 2nd and so forth For your convenience the current value of each object is shown at the base of the dialog To etc individual values One does scalar arithmetic via the Arithmetic task instruction in a manner very similar to that done with Assignment described above however the user specifies two source objects one destination object and a mathematical operation The conditional operations e g lt gt lt less then or equal to gt greater then or equal to equal to not equal to return 1 0 if the expression is True and 0 0 if False AND amp OR are bitwise operators To copy append insert delete compare or round off text One does text operations via the General string task instruction in a manner very similar to that done with Arithmetic described above In the case of Ge
37. Transfer min l O Wave Epia eee variable _error _ sp tieas H at min H at max i E Journal Options area O String Dolina std dev rms _ Control duration O Markers sum of points Statistics is used to calculate the following statistics on a wave avg min max time of min time of max std dev rms and area For details on how to use this dialog to transfer data to Journals Waves Variables Strings Controls and Markers please see the Transfer Dialog discussion at the beginning of this chapter avg average value min lowest value max highest value x at min time where minimum value occurs x at max time where maximum value occurs area integration of wave data sum of points sample period std dev standard deviation sum of points squared of points average rms root mean square square root sum of points squared of pts duration length of wave sum of pts sum of all points This instruction typically supports seamless scans and is not effected by scan breaks subsequently it can be used to process very long e g 1 billion points continuous streams of data For example if the user processes ten seamless 1K point scans in Strip Chart mode the result is identical to that done with one 10K point scan For details on the which functions support seamless scans please see the Seams amp Things Appendix Calculate Wave functions AvgToDate MinToDate MaxToDate SuperScope
38. al If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned The parameters should be expressed in radians This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks e g a calculation on 10 seamless scans in a loop Definition Result n cos a1 n for a wave or channel Result cos al for a scalar Example Wave Cos argl arg 4 a 4 ge ad Pe ii 2 4 Wave 7 16 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual CrossCorrelation d1 d2 Cross Correlation Parameters Description Definition Example d1 wave or channel d2 wave or channel CrossCorrelation returns a wave containing the cross correlation function between d1 and d2 The number of points in the resulting wave is one less then the sum of the lengths of d1 and d2 M Result n Y d1 m n d2 m m 1 Wave CrossCorrelation argl arg2 Functions amp Operators 7 17 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual CrossPower dl d2 Cross Power Spectral Densit Parameters dl wave or channel d2 wave or channel Description CrossPower returns a wave containing the cross power spectral density between dl and d2 The number of points in the resulting wave equals the number of points contained in d1 rounded up to the nearest power of 2 Definition Result n Spectrum CrossCorrelation d1 d2 Example Wave Cross
39. an example of which is shown below The Calculate Wave Instruction illustrated to the right is one of the more popular and provides an environment where one can define one waveform as a function of others via pop up menus and edit fields For example one could define one wave as the fast Fourier transform of another or the sum of two waves Upon pressing OK the Calculate Wave dialog disappears and a summary phrase e g W1 fft W2 or W1 W2 W3 of the instruction s functionality is placed in the task s text area To edit an existing instruction one simply double clicks on it and it s dialog appears Instructions are also cut copied pasted and deleted in the same way DTAC Task Begin Task require Eo ten 9 E Scan Loop Begin 2 scans Segment Loop Begin Digitize Segment 10000 pts scan eth pts sec gt Plot Segment Segment Loop End Clear amp Update Scan Loop End Analysis Calculate Have Curve Fitting Filter Name Acquire rule tools Cheo resist Cae Sound Statistics Statisti Sunthesize K Dptions Debug Cancel Calculate Wave Source Lui Bins Man 0 000 0 000 O Use Variables Help en veta io 1 Cinca CL that text is manipulated in a word processor Programming SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual TEMPLATES When a task is first created one or more permanent cannot be moved or deleted instructions known as
40. and the Datapipes discussion under File in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To create a Datapipe Choose Datapipe New Datapipe under File edit the Name as desired and then press OK To re point a datapipe Choose Datapipe Folder Y desiredPipe under File to open the standard File dialog which shows you where the pipe is pointing navigate as desired to redirect the pipe amp press OK To create a new folder for data First switch to the Finder create a Master Data folder open it create a folder inside this Master folder and name it Experiment 1 Create a datapipe drag the Datapipe instruction to the beginning of your Task set up the instruction to Create new folder and prompt for folder name and attach pipe to new folder choose Datapipe Folder d desiredPipe to open the Standard File dialog direct the datapipe to the inside of the Experiment 1 folder press OK and then run the task The Create new folder task instruction will disconnect from Experiment 1 and then create a new folder inside Master Data at the same level as Experiment 1 Step By Step Design Reference 8 19 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual SUPERSCOPE II DATABASES For an overview of SuperScope II databases please see the Database discussion in Six Phases To Instrument Design on pg4 For examples of databases please see instruments Oscilloscope with Database EEG Analyzer amp Strip Chart w Database supplied with SS2
41. bar also indicates the name if SoundScope 16 any of the current instrument If the instrument has not yet been named the title bar simply shows the product name The status bar indicates the current status of SuperScope II The status bar is Invalid Panel typically empty i e everything is OK and only shows a message occasionally For example if two displays overlap in Panel Edit mode Invalid Panel is shown The resize box at the lower right of the front panel can be used to resize the entire front panel by clicking and dragging until the desired size is achieved The objects on the front panel are resized proportionally to the front panel window or remain fixed in size as specified by radio buttons in the Panel Options dialog Resizing can only be done when Panel Edit is On Also SuperScope II prohibits shrinking displays below a practical minimum size to ensure readable content The optional horizontal scale control located at the lower right of each 4 SO msec Div E display controls the horizontal scale used for plotting waves in terms of horizontal units div The scale can be changed by clicking on the scale arrows The optional horizontal scrollbar located at the lower left of each display controls the horizontal position used for plotting waves The position can be changed by clicking on the arrows clicking in the gray page left right region or by dragging the thumb The optional display label indicates the con
42. be moved If Use Variable is selected the edit fields will turn into popups listing SuperScope II variables which can then be selected to specify the move marker parameters This instruction typically supports seamless scans and is not effected by scan breaks subsequently it can be used to process very long e g 1 billion points continuous streams of data For example if the user processes ten seamless 1K point scans in Strip Chart mode the result is identical to that done with one 10K point scan For details on the which functions support seamless scans please see the Seams amp Things Appendix Log Marker and Pulse Analysis instructions To set the Move Marker threshold amp hysteresis parameters with variables create variables with the following names Variable Name Parameter set _MmtThres threshold _MmHyste hysteresis Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual If their values are not set to 12345 0 and the USE VARIABLES check box is unchecked their values will replace the settings in the Move Marker dlog when the Move Marker instruction is executed Instructions 6 31 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual PROGRAMMING Illustration Description Control Program Flow Select instruction Add Subroutine Add Subroutine Jump to Subroutine Add Label Jump Enter Subroutine Name Add Comment mySubroutine Do Every H Traces Do Every Points Loop lf Then While Loop
43. d2 Wave MAH HE Ho Lo ku got r E i a z a E 4 ig ee a weg Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual MinToDate dl Minimum Value To Date Parameters dl wave or channel Description Example Functions amp Operators The MinToDate function computes a running minimum of the parameter wave d1 The nth point of the result wave is the minimum value of the first n points of d1 This function works with seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Wave MaxToDate d1 dl 6 ane 4 fa m E E 2 2 Y Wave 6 4 2 O sr 4 44H HE Fl 2 4 T 1 0 3 16 19 E 4 N it ToT 6 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Modulo dl Modulo Parameters dl wave or channel or scalar Description Definition Example d2 wave or channel or scalar Modulo returns a wave each of whose values is the remainder when the corresponding value of d1 is divided by the corresponding value of d2 Units are set to the units of d1 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n d1 n d2 n IntError where Int x is the integer m such that m lt x lt m 1 Wave Modulo d1 d2 6 a A Wave 2H AU 0 PENN EZ al 2 2 4 Functions amp Operators MvFFT dl Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual oints Fast Fourier Tr
44. disk as a TEXT file Journal windows are resized and positioned on the front panel in any pattern and in any number space permitting Many task instructions transfer text to journals For more details refer to the Journal discussion in Chapter 4 of the User s Guide and the Journal Menu discussion in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To create a journal Choose New under Journal to create a new journal and open the Journal Options dialog Rename the journal as desired If you want the journal s text to be saved with the instrument file select Save contents with instrument file If you want to automatically wrap text when the right edge is encountered select Word Processing in the Mode popup otherwise select Spreadsheet In general Word Processing is used when typing notes and Spreadsheet is used when building tables If you want the journal to have its own window choose Window in the Position popup otherwise the journal will be glued to the Front Panel like a Display If your Position popup is set to Window press OK to exit and you are done otherwise proceed with the directions below If you are starting out and can tolerate the repositioning of all front panel objects in the Assist Format use option A otherwise B A Press the Assist button and then press OK to exit the Assist dialog and automatically reposition all front panel objects B Press OK choose Panel Edit On under Display resize and reposition objects as desired a
45. display will shift to a position 2 divisions from the left edge of the variable 1 If disk based seamless scrolling is enabled this will cause disk based data to be brought in from disk as needed Instructions FILTER Illustration Overview Description Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual FIR Filters Filter Type Low pass FIR FreqCutoff of sample rate Boundries Freg Cutoff 125 0 Hz Phase linear Stopband 98 dB The Filter instruction is used to run a low pass filter high pass filter hamming window filter or rectangular window filter on a waveform Alternatively you can provide your own filter coefficients to implement a custom FIR filter This instruction can also change the sample rate of waveform while maintaining the integrity of it s data i e it low pass filters to avoid aliasing The Filter instruction contains several resident filters yet in many cases they will not suit your specific needs In these cases you would need to design a custom filter with another application program and store it in a SuperScope II instrument For details on how to do this press the Custom button For a wonderful little 99 filter design application program with a 1 page manual please contact Zola Technologies Inc ORDER 2 WLFDAP TEL 404 843 2972 FAH 404 845 0116 The Type pop up menu is used to set the filter type to Low Pass FIR High Pass Smoothing Low Pass HA
46. double click on the Scan Loop Begin instruction to open it s dialog adjust the scan loop fields to specify how many scans are acquired when the task is run e g 1 to 1000 would mean 1000 scans and 1000 times through the Scan Loop press OK to return to the Task Editor press the Assist button to open the Assist dialog and press OK to exit the Assist dialog Assist will automatically do the following create a front panel button name the new button after the task set up the button to run the task and reposition all front panel objects Special Considerations 1 Recall that a scan is defined in the Digitize Segment dialog as a specific number of points at a specific sample rate In Oscilloscope mode or in Oscillo Queued mode each scan corresponds to one digitization and one update on the screen however in the Strip Chart mode one scan immediately follows another with no gaps in between Subsequently the plotting and analysis is done automatically on the entire stream i e set of consecutive scans and is not affected by scan breaks For example to process a 10M point stream one could set the Pts per Scan field in the Digitize Segment dialog to 100 000 points and set the No of Scans field to 100 In most Strip Chart cases the No of Scans is set to 1 and the entire stream is held in RAM to make post acquisition viewing and analysis easier For details on the Digitize Segment dialog please refer to Chapter 5 instruNet World Application Pro
47. enables the user to place mathematical expressions into a task e g W1 W2 W3 would cause the difference between two waves to be placed into a third Tasks are little programming sequences that are easily created deleted and viewed with commands in the Task Menu Commands under Task allow one to Run a task Stop a running task Continue a stopped task save a task to disk and load a task from disk For details on these commands please see the Task Menu discussion in the Reference chapter Menu Command Description New create a new task New Digitizer create a new digitizer based task Edit modify or view an existing task Delete delete an existing task Open load a task from disk Save As save a task to disk Run run a task Stop stop a running task Continue continue a stopped task Programming 4 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual THE TASK EDITOR A simple example of the task environment is described below For a more complete example please the Tutorial To create a task one must choose New or New Digitizer from the Task menu Upon doing this the Task Editor appears as shown to the right The upper window contains a list of instructions in the task and the lower the Instruction Dictionary contains a list of User Instructions to choose from One simply adds an instruction by dragging from the Dictionary into the Task Area above Upon doing this the instruction s dialog box appears
48. eta teat ed bc bs ane cee oh Alek bh tarantino tate 7 21 DS A cae td chet te tea ne ts oan ce ends ht Pee LN ci 7 22 A A 7 23 EX ANG meriiri nine a EEEE E E TEA N csled Rs Atos b NAG A ERER Se ae pe aoa gt 7 24 FEP RR Ral aa RO Sane ate ae OEA 7 25 Ana teeter O O A A We as REN id tat 2 7 26 ans A A A Enea BALM hia A A ad 7 27 ISO STAIN Je eee ant od Se ee cA gh a ees tak Oh REE geen fae a at sl 7 28 Imag AAA A eke AAA ep sade tee lea tee eed 7 29 Idea cardo TEER E E do Dl ee a ee ed ET 7 30 A O AN 7 31 A A E DER IT SPECTRE e e 7 32 CO sae helo en Sy Se ee ekg ee See ey Bs ee aay See Sele dane AA AAA A ewe 7 33 TC 2 Table Of Contents SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual IME SAY aida pansies A nando ease AA o as 7 34 MTC O ER 7 35 Inter TE oasis 7 36 A er ation E S gue wenn ates aude eGuide poem nih oa aye w aOR aes eee Sa Rate aes 7 37 ntes TH e aeetos ai EE ods dde 7 38 SA A A A sible 7 39 Last a adas 7 40 A TN 7 41 Mi A tect IIA ca igs AA cna RI a ca ote 7 42 O dud sung boa dgeuelel 7 43 Mas ui ii 7 44 Mak eComplex ind RU ERA A ee te eee 7 45 Makeld ex ai a chit oe thie Nee 7 46 Maxi Curia rs illa 7 47 MaxToDate 2d a droit 7 48 MIDI ta ib ad 7 49 MinT Date Laviana a a ida Reine 7 50 Mod l tt rl 7 51 MVE Tui o 7 52 DOE e a een oa do o 7 53 Pad o o a A a A de 7 54 PASC sxe ta dr la tarda 7 55 ON 7 56 Pulse End TIMES ata ti anak a waa asa dd 7 57 Pulse Max TIMES ta ts veld ake oe oe aca eel a ae vais eat e
49. high spike See also Spectrum InvFFTO MvFFTO Mag0 Imag Phase and Real y j2mki Result 2i 1 2 points Re d1 k x points lt points gt y j2mki Result 2i 2 points m d1 k x e points J lt points gt Wave FFT arg 8 arg Wave 100 100 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Hamm points Create Hamming Window Parameters Description Definition Example pointsscalar integer The Hamm function generates a Hamming window of length points and is generally used in conjunction with the FFT function Weighting a signal with a Hamming window prior to calculating its Fourier Transform yields a more accurate spectral analysis because it eliminates some of the inaccuracies that result from performing a Fourier Transform on a signal of finite length To perform the weighting the signal to be weighted should be multiplied by the wave returned by Hamm Points is rounded down to the nearest power of 2 e g Hamm 1000 will return a hamming window of size 512 When Hamm is used in conjunction with FFT both functions should use the same value of points Since Hamm returns a wave with an arbitrary sample period and the function processor uses the sample period of the first wave argument the hamming window should always be the second argument in an equation For example freq Ain0 Hamm 1024 will work well but freq Hamm 1024 Ain0 will not have the co
50. in number of points allocated to the wave for pre points post size is the amount of memory in number of points allocated to the wave for post points Post points are similar to pre points except they start at the end of the wave instead of the beginning min IU code max IU code min EU value and max EU value correspond to the wave mapping values in the Wave Format dialog accessed by pressing Format in the Wave Options dialog For example if your 16bit integer mapping is 32 768 to 10V then the min IU code is 32768 the max IU code is 32767 the min EU value is 10V and the max EU value is 9 9997V wave lock is if the wave data has been locked in memory 0 otherwise last point is the last valid data point in the wave Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual RS 232 Illustration Description Transmit Text Receive Text Communicate via the Serial Port R8 232 Command Sequence r Result i Aedes Mo obi ahead aL I TRIAS LA El _Copy into journal o string gt Read 1 scalar value and The RS 232 Instruction is used to communicate with RS 232 hardware devices via the computer s MODEM and PRINTER ports These ports support serial communication at rates up to 57 6K BAUD via the Macintosh Serial Port Driver Text typed in the upper edit region is sent when the instruction is executed and if a checkbox is enabled in the Results area text is received and transferred as setup by the
51. including wave data in an instrument file increases the size of that file by the space required to hold that data The Format button opens the Format dialog which is used to specify the internal storage format for a wave s data Waves can be stored as a series of 32bit Floating Point e or as a series of 16bit Integer values The Q 32 bit Floating Point Volt default format for all waves is 32 bit and 16 bit Integer waves linked to instruNet input or output l channels must be of type 32 bit float 32bit floating point waves are stored directly as engineering units i e you view and analyze Data Format Segment Internal Man 32767 gt 9 99969482 the same value that is stored internally this is pas not the case with 16bit integer waves 16 Min 52768 gt 10 000000 bit integer waves are stored as 16bit integers e g 2048 16384 and are mapped to engineering units e g 5V 3V as Help Cancel specified in this dialog The minimum and METAN MATTER METE maximum specified internal values are mapped to the minimum and maximum specified engineering unit values respectively e g 32768 internal 1s mapped to 10Volts engineering units Internal values can range from 32768 to 32767 Also beware that 16bit integer values can overflow if the computer tries to load them with a number larger than their max min engineering unit value e g 10V When this occurs the data is often set to the
52. indicator s label A submenu will appear with a list of attributes To edit the text choose Edit Label in the submenu To change the font type or size choose Text Format in the submenu To change the position of the label choose Label Position To modify a control s or indicator s ruler Hold down both the db and Option keys and then press the mouse on the control or indicator s ruler A submenu will appear with a list of attributes To edit the displayed precision of digits to right of decimal point choose Precision in the submenu To change the font style or size choose Text Format in the submenu To change the of minor or major ticks choose Tick Marks To run a task when a control is moved Hold down both the J and Option keys and then press the mouse on the control or indicator main body to show its submenu choose Options in the submenu set up the On Mouse Up run desiredTask area and then press OK To read amp write values to and from controls amp indicators Many instructions read and write values to and from controls amp indicators e g Statistics Analog amp Digital I O Arithmetic Assignment Curve Fitting Get Time RS 232 In general one must drag one of these instructions from the Instruction Dictionary into the task and set up its instruction dialog to transfer a value 8 16 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual to or from a specified control and or i
53. is modeled as zt y Fel the falling edge is modeled as xt DEA Move Marker Log Marker and Statistics instructions SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual READ WAVE INTERNALS Get Wave Parameters Illustration Description Read Wave Internals Wi Transfer start time to start time k i sample time Olave w ualid data pts pre size O Journal Task80 Lia data size O String fie tines post size min IU code O Control e mon code moreno Ju min EU value Clear Cancel Read Wave Internals is used to extract wave characteristics such as sample rate and of points and transfer them to journals waves controls strings variables and markers For details on how to use this dialog please see the Transfer Dialog discussion at the beginning of this chapter sample tm is the time between points e g a wave sampled at 10Ksamples sec will have a 0 0001 sec sample time start tm is the time of the first point this is usually 0 end time is the time of the last point and duration is the duration of the wave data pts is the number of valid data points in memory data size is the amount of memory in of points allocated to the wave pre pts is the number of valid points before point 1 These are referred to as pre points and are used to make the transition across seams a little easier they are used for internal purposes only pre size is the amount of memory
54. it Ain0 and link it to channel Ch Vin1 of instruNet Create a wave name it Spectra Create a digitizer based task chose New Digitizer under Task and then add the following Calculate Wave instructions under the Digitize Trace instruction Spectra ain0 Hamm 1024 Spectra FFT Spectra Spectra Mag Spectra Spectra will be loaded with a 512 points spectra analysis of Ain0 Create 2 displays Load one with Spectra and the other with Ain0 Run the task to see both an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer emulation To see decibels add the following Calculate Wave instructions under the Spectra Mag Spectra instruction Spectra Log10 Spectra Spectra Spectra 20 0 Or replace your Hamm FFT and Mag instructions with Spectra Spectrum Ain0 1024 Functions amp Operators 7 3 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Abs Al1 Absolute Value Parameters al wave channel or scalar Description Definition Example Abs calculates the absolute value of the parameter al If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n al n for a wave or channel Result al for a scalar Wave Abs argl arg 8 a Vy o A j 2 ae Wave Pe a a A are gt Functions amp Operators SuperScope II
55. its text to the clipboard and then paste it into a word processor or Journal for printing Keep in mind that this text is not the actual task instructions but only a textual representation To Cut Copy amp Paste task instructions To copy an instruction from one place to another select it in the Task Editor and then press dbx to Cut dBc to Copy and db v to Paste Step By Step Design Reference 8 23 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Features You Can Add To Your Strip Chart Instrument The following instructions apply to the Strip Chart model In summary a Strip Chart processes i e analyzes plots saves to disk supports mouse amp keyboard etc signals while they are digitized and can support long continuous streams that are larger than RAM memory In order for an instrument to qualify as a Strip Chart the Mode popup at the base of the Digitizer Setup dialog under Hardware must be set to Point by Point Seamless or Segment Seamless To spool to disk Spooling to disk involves saving a long continuous stream to disk one file per scan The stream is broken into a set of consecutive scans since each scan must be able to fit in RAM e g 100 scans at 100K points each would result in a 10M point stream The files are stored in the SCANNUMBER WAVENAME file name format i e 001 W1 002 W1 in one folder referenced by a datapipe Any number of waves and channels can be spooled to disk in parallel After the a
56. next to the wave name will cause that wave to snap back to it s non vertically adjusted position Grid Snap On Off is used by the Draw mouse mode described above to lock the cursor at specific grid intervals while Horizontal drawing na E Position Scrollable Log Coords To is used by the Log Coords E n Adjustable mouse mode described above to specify o O Add H auto adjust button which journal receives coordinate data G Auto scroll seamless data Controls is used to specify a display s Vertical horizontal and vertical scale and position Position controls The Horizontal and Vertical Position pop up menus select the method for scale determining the left edge and middle Add V auto adjust button horizontal respectively of a display and therefore what portion of the wave is viewed The Horizontal and Vertical Scale pop up menus select the method for determining the scale along the horizontal and vertical axis respectively of a display The Fix Sample Period checkbox is used to override the sample period of each wave with the one specified in the edit field The various position and scale control options are described below Adjustable is used to specify a scale with arrow buttons E 50 msec Diw En Scrollable is used to specify a position with a standard Macintosh scrollbar Fixed sets the scale or position to a value specified in the Controls dialog Fixed Base sets the bottom edge of a display to
57. of columns can be placed across a line This mode is useful for journals that will be used to transfer data to a spreadsheet The default creation mode for a journal is Spreadsheet The value in the Width field determines the maximum line length of a journal in Word Processor mode When Spreadsheet mode is selected the Width option is disabled and the width is assumed to be infinite The value in the Tab Width field determines the width of a tab in the journal Tabs are spaced uniformly across the page separated by the specified width The tab width applies to both Spreadsheet and Word Processor modes Four View check boxes enable the user to elect whether a front panel journal s name a vertical scroll bar a horizontal scroll bar or a rectangular border are displayed Checking Save contents with Instrument file specifies that the contents of the journal will be saved in the configuration file on disk Journal data saved in an instrument file cannot be accessed by other applications and they increase the size of the instrument file Enabling the Runtime option Prefix Notes with designates a journal as a 3 20 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Runtime Journal where any notes entered into the journal are time annotated from the beginning of the execution of a task Ifa Digitizing Task is run all notes are time annotated with respect to the beginning of the first trigger condition while if a Task i e non
58. parameters as desired For more information on setting instruNet channel parameters please refer to Chapter 7 Channel Reference and Chapter 8 Settings Reference of the instruNet User s manual To add another Input Channel Choose New under Wave to create another wave and open its dialog Click the Link to instruNet checkbox Select a channel in the Channel popup Click OK to exit the dialog If you want to automatically create another display link its horizontal scale to that of the previous display and place the new channel into this display use option A otherwise B A Press Assist and then press OK B Press OK to exit the Channel dialog The channel will not be visible until you place it into a Display discussed later To delete a Wave Choose Delete targetWave under Wave To change the name of a Wave Choose Options P desiredWave under Wave to open the wave dialog change the name and then press OK To Add a front panel Stop Acquisition button Choose New F under Controls to create a new button and open its Options dialog change its Name to Stop and choose Mechanical Action Standard in the Main popup to specify that the button toggle in or out for each mouse click as opposed to automatically popping out after one mouse click If you are starting out and can tolerate the automatic repositioning of all front panel objects in the Assist Format press the Assist button and then press OK otherwise Press OK to clo
59. pointed to by a datapipe is used to delete any file that has been created SuperScope prompts for confirmation before it deletes a file Deleting a file deletes its definition as well as its contents Page Setup presents the LaserWriter Page Setup TO standard dialog for the current printer specified from the Chooser in the Apple menu For example the LaserWriter dialog is shown to the right Refer to your printer documentation for detailed explanations of the available settings Paper US Letter A4 Letter US Legal Reduce or Enlarge Orientation Co Tabloid F Printer Effects E Font Substitution EJ Text Smoothing E Graphics Smoothing EJ Faster Bitmap Printing B5 Letter ool Print Setup lets you select the objects ti print You may print the entire Front panel or one or more Displays using horizontal and vertical scales according to the Front panel setting or Fit to page Printout shows you the Current length and lets you set a maximum number of pages to print The Menubar E O Front panel Displays Print Display Control Horizontal Scale meee 3 Front panel setting time O Fita E Analysis licel Slice2 Vertical Scale 8 Front panel setting Fit to page i Printout pages max Current length 3 pages SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual paver P cen the LaserWriter LaserWriter 11 NT 70 standar ac
60. respectively e g 32768 internal is mapped to 10Volts engineering units Internal values can range from 32768 to 32767 Data received from an A D or sent to a D A is almost always 16bit integers since that is the native language for digitizing hardware In many cases 32bit floating point waves are analyzed faster since the mapping from internal units to engineering units and back is not a burden to the processor every time it reads or writes a stinking value Beware that 16bit integer values can overflow if the computer tries to load them with a number larger than their max min engineering unit value e g 10V When this occurs the data is often set to the closest bound For example if we do W1 W2 W3 and all three waves have a 32768 to 10V mapping and are loaded with 8V the result will be set to 10V Beware that 16bit integer waves have limited resolution For example the values in a 32768 to 10V mapped wave are accurate to 0 000305V 10V 32768 This means that you could set the wave to 0 0 or to 0 000305V yet to nothing in between An attempt to do so would result in a rounding to the nearest value To convert a 16bit integer wave to 32bit float press Format in the Wave Dialog and then chose Floating Point Edit fields in the Wave Points dialog are provided to view and edit the amount of data storage in points assigned to a wave the number of valid data points the sample period time between points and the first point ti
61. seconds and are viewed as a vertical line in a display after being placed into that display via the Marker dialog They are often used to identify and mark interesting points or regions within a waveform Segments are waves themselves that Controls are defined as the section of another wave between two markers For example wave W1 is a0 to 1V ramp between Osec and 1sec Segment Features Segl is defined as the section of W1 between M1 and M2 If M1 is at 1 Markers sec and M2 is at 2sec then Seg1 would be a 1V to 2V ramp from 1sec to Labels 2sec and would share W1 s data i e if you draw on one you will draw on both Log Coords To Panel Edit On E New D creates a new display and then opens the Display Options Panel Options dialog described below Options opens the Display Options acme dialog which is used to specify the type the Pisni stig i poner Contents contents and the visual characteristics of a A ps display The Display pop up menu at the ae om Waes Display top of every Display dialog box indicates wane elat JA Segment which display s parameters are being viewed Controls Selected or changed siel i o Features sliced Selecting New Display from this pop up gt Istices creates a new display with default values for Markers time all the parameters Should a new display MIO ieee exceed the front panel capacity a warning
62. separate each value this appears as a column of numbers in a word processor and a column of values in a spreadsheet One can cut copy paste text to from the clipboard in the following places e Waves and Journals both support TEXT files on disk These files can be load saved to from spreadsheets word processors and analysis programs e Journals support cut copy paste of text e Displays support TEXT cut copy and paste of waveforms via the Edit Mouse tool choose Mouse Edit under Display and then select a wave as it appears in a display Due to an internal clipboard format one cannot copy a wave as text and then paste that text into another application program however this can be done by choosing Copy Wave Text under Edit e The Wave Table Editor choose Edit Values under Wave allows one to view edit cut copy and paste Inter Application Data Transfer A 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual individual waveform values or segments e One can copy a task s text to the clipboard by choosing Copy Task under Edit To copy all tasks one can choose Option Shift O e One can copy the current menubar to the clipboard as text by pressing Option p To copy all menubars one can choose Option Shift P Toc e To copy a summary of the entire instrument i e a list of waves tasks variables menubars etc one can choose Option a 16BIT INTEGER WAVEFORM FILE FORMAT GW Instruments 16bit Integer file format is used
63. since the task began execution 3 hrs since 1 1 04 is the number of elapsed hours since powering on the computer Based on the computer s time clock which is set by the General Controls Control Panel and is accurate to 1 second This is not effected by disabled interrupts 2 Based on the computer s 60 15Hz clock which is accurate to 16 seconds 3 Accurate to 25us if an instruNet controller is installed Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual JOURNALS amp STRINGS Journal Control Illustration Description Instructions Journal or String e gt Clear i gt Insert wave definitions Clear at beginning of task CO Insert today s date E O Copy to clipboard CO Insert today s time O Copy into O Insert trace number O Append onto Taskso CO Update all journals i O Remove row number a RCE Remove column number pr From teft column From left column left column O Use Variables Omange w_ A The Journals amp Strings instruction is used to modify a journal or string The upper most pop up menu indicates which journal is to be operated on and the radios buttons beneath select which operations is performed Clear clears the journal or string of all text when the instruction is executed Clear at beginning of task clears the journal or string of all text at the beginning of the task independent of where the instruction is positioned within the task Copy to clipboa
64. the Task Editor and the task is disabled from running When this happens the user must either fix each Invalid instruction by double clicking on it in the Task Editor and doing what is necessary to repair it or give up and delete the task The Menubar 3 25 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Run executes the task that you select from the submenu Stop halts the task that you select from the submenu To stop all running tasks press period Continue executes the task that you select from the submenu beginning where it was previously stopped 3 26 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual instruNet Network instruNet Menu The instruNet menu is used to set instruNet channel parameters and maps directly to instruNet World pages and buttons To build SuperScope II data acquisition instruments it is recommended that you first set up your View Page channels and debug using instruNet World instruNet Restore World allows you to view incoming data in real time and Store therefore provides instant feedback on your channel Open settings e g digital filters channel gain Refer to Chapters 2 instruNet Tutorial and 3 Connecting to Save Sensors of the instruNet User s manual for information on Clear setting up the instruNet data acquisition network When Reset you are satisfied with your configuration click the Save button on the Network Page to save the instruNet World
65. the Value Editor s upper most pop up menu Please see the Functions amp Operators chapter for a discussion of waveform SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Information types complex numbers programming operators and functions 6 10 Instructions CHOOSE MENU Illustration Description Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Menu and Keyboard Access Choose Menu O Command _Load Data time O Key press e 73 Key k O Open instruction noone LI in task Tl a Oa Automatically press encountered OK buttons Choose Menu is used to select a menubar command press a key e g choose Print under File press Option e etc or open an instruction dialog For example in the above illustration Load Data Time is chosen under Wave automatically when this instruction is executed This is very powerful since is brings all menubar and keyboard commands within the scope of task instructions Menu Command is used to specify the selection of a menubar command with full support for submenus Key Press is used to specify any key press such as option m which opens the memory report dialog For a list of hidden features many of which are accessed via the option key please open file choose Open under Journal Hidden features note in the Programmer s Notes folder inside the Goodies folder This file expects tabs every 4 characters 1 e choose Options
66. the value specified in the Controls dialog This is similar to Vertical Position Fixed yet pegs the bottom of a display instead of the middle 10 000000 al at 0 000000 Previous sets the scale or position to that used in the previous display as viewed in the Display submenu The Menubar 3 15 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Next sets the scale or position to that used in the next display as viewed in the Display submenu Continue sets the horizontal position such that the wave plotted in the previous display as viewed in the Display submenu continues where it left off in this display e g Osec to 1sec is plotted in D1 and D2 continues with 1sec to 2sec Features is used to specify the graphic characteristics of the plot region Features D1 and label areas ae The Plot pop up menu allows you to E specify how points are to be plotted Plat Width Cmi E E labels Lines connects points with straight lines Back st E gt Dots plots dots at each ve Oo hrsin min sec point Tagged Lines ori a connects points with straight lines and overlays symbols 38 0 bB every 32pixels or so Symbols plots symbols and Bars draws a vertical bar at each L Add label 01 point zeune Add wave labels The Background pop up menu allows you to specify the display background color in Blue White or Black The Grid pop up menu allows you to select the backgrou
67. to keep in memory and what do I want to keep on hard disk How much RAM and disk space does this require System 7 0 consumes 2 5MB of RAM SuperScope II code consumes 3MB and the rest is typically left for data e g 2 5MB for data on an 8MB RAM computer Since each wave point consumes 4bytes one can typically hold a few hundred thousand points in RAM memory In an Oscilloscope the digitized data is pulled into RAM memory therefore its maximum size is limited by the 4byte per point rule In a Strip Chart you need to decide how many points are in your continuous stream and if this is larger than available RAM memory you need to break the stream into scans and hold only one scan in RAM at a time In this case the stream gets plotted and analyzed as it passes through the computer yet does not accumulate in RAM memory Notice that the raw data is lost unless it is saved to disk this is easy to do or saved on analog tape running a tape recorder in parallel with a digitizer is a common practice You probably don t want to spool ten s of megabytes to disk since large files are difficult to maintain on a computer It is often desirable to do data reduction in real time while the data is being digitized This involves determining what values you really need and calculating that information in real time In many cases the analysis results consume 1 1000th as Ss 2 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Man
68. to save load 16bit integer waves press Format in the Wave dialog to select format to from disk in a 16bit binary format This is the computer s native language and is therefore much faster than text The following programs support this file format e SoundScope 16 or SuperScope II 32BIT FLOATING POINT WAVEFORM FILE FORMAT GW Instruments 32bit Floating Point file format is used to save load 32bit float waves press Format in the Wave dialog to select format to from disk in a 32bit binary format This is the computer s native language and is therefore much faster than text The following programs support this waveform file format e SoundScope 16 or SuperScope II AUDIO IFF This is Apple s standard sound file format and is widely accepted by many programs that work with sound such as SoundScope SuperScope Il SoundEdit SoundEdit Pro and AudioMedia It supports different sample rates and data types and is therefore quite versatile SYSTEM 7 0 8BIT SND RESOURCE This is a popular format for saving sounds as resources within a file SoundScope SuperScope II supports snd format 1 8bit resources stored in a file of type sfil One can double click on one of these files from System 7 to hear the sound play SoundEdit Pro refers to this format as System 7 Sound Audiomedia does not support snd format it only supports format 2 A 2 Inter Application Data Transfer SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Appendix B Fil
69. to setup the transfer of any combination of coefficients to any combination of SuperScope II objects For example one could send the a0 al a2 a3 a4 and a5 values in the above example to a journal Additionally the RMS Error Avg Error amp Max Error values can be transferred to objects via the Transfer dialog The table below summarizes the various models with which to do a least squares curve fit Linear a0 al x Polynomial a0 al x a2 x2 a3 x3 Exponential a0 al exp a2 x Sine a0 al sin a2 x a3 Polynomial offers a flexible number of terms The of terms field determines the number of terms after the a0 parameter The maximum number of terms is 10 with Polynomial The SIN function returns Radians and the x axis values correspond to the sample period and start time of the wave In some cases it is impossible to converge on a good fit This is usually due to 6 13 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual excess random behavior and is often fixed with a low pass filter or a smoothing function i e Filter instruction or Smooth function in Calculate Wave When the curve fitter fails due to lack of convergence an alert appears and the task is stopped 6 14 Instructions DATAPIPES Illustration Description Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual File Pathname Control Datapipe Show datapipe s Folder Dialog O Create new folder and prompt for folder name O
70. user A Macintosh to RS 232 mini DIN8 to DB25 male cable is available from GW Instruments Part GWI RS232 cbl To output SuperScope II objects just type the object name bracketed with apostrophe characters For example Output 14 S1 would be viewed as Output 14 1000 if S1 contained 1000 To convert the object text to a 32bit integer prefix the object name with 1 For example if string S1 equals abc12 3 i S1 would be substituted with 13 To convert to a floating point number e g 12 2 prefix with f to convert to a Hexadecimal number e g Ox2BF prefix with h and to convert to an octal number e g 0312 prefix with o In many cases output text is very simple and is merely used to tell the device to send data If at least one Result checkbox is enabled text is Formatter received by the computer TA Result text is first processed O Remove leading non printable characters by the formatter which E O Remove leading non numerics removes leading non E O Remove trailing non numerics printable characters removes leading non numerics removes trailing non numerics or removes a range of characters as specified in the Formatter dialog For example removing character positions 2 through 4 would cause abcdefg to become aefg i O Remove character positions 1 through Instructions SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Options The
71. value Y y Y value 0 0382 9022173 925 H2 0 0484 14 7732 Mi 0 088 4 6753 Marker M Marker M1 The Delta Values area allows you to display any of three different statistics Checking Show delta X will display the difference between the horizontal value of the first marker and that of the second Checking Show delta Y displays the difference between the vertical values of the two markers Checking Show delta Y delta X displays the slope between the two points defined by the markers and the wave selected in the Show Y Value of Wave pop up menus The delta Y and delta Y delta X options are only available if both Show Y Value of Wave menus select the same wave and both Show X value checkboxes are enabled Additionally Show delta X is only available if both Show X value checkboxes are enabled Panel Edit On Off E is used to enter and exit Front Panel Design mode In Panel Edit Mode all Slice displays journals controls indicators and pictures can be moved resized and deleted When Panel Edit is turned on a rectangular outline of each front panel object appears with the object name in the upper left corner If an object is selected its name appears bold To resize one simply drags the resize box i e little black square at lower right To reposition one drags the actual object To reposition an object one pixel at a time one selects with the mouse and then taps on the 4 T keys To resize one pixel at a time one selec
72. wave Fo where Point ees ewes 2 00546 first downstroke is defined as the position Fe 2 000d6 where Fo first traverses from 2 005 to 1 995 DownStroke 1 gt 1 995 dB dB i e threshold 5 hysteresis The e i marker is moved to the place where the wave passes the threshold value interpolating if necessary as shown in the above figure After executing Move Marker the error variable is set to 1 if the marker was moved 2 if the marker was not moved and 3 if the marker is on the last wave point or to the right of the last wave point The upper most pop up menu in the Move Marker dialog specifies which marker is to be moved and the remaining items specify where to move as summarized below Maximum and Minimum are used to move the marker to the largest or smallest value in a wave respectively First Upstroke and Next Upstroke are used to find where the wave crosses the threshold value in the positive direction That is when the wave travels from threshold 5 hysteresis to threshold 5 hysteresis Hysteresis decreases the chance of noise triggering a false reading First Upstroke finds the first threshold crossing whereas Next Upstroke finds the next crossing starting with the current marker position and scanning forward i e to the right Instructions SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Seamless Scans See Also First Downstroke and Next Downstroke are similar to First and Next Upstroke exc
73. waves controls strings variables or markers sample tm is the time between points e g a wave sampled at 10Ksamples sec will have a 0 0001 sec sample time start tm is the time of the first point and is usually 0 valid data pts is the number of valid data points in memory data size is the amount of memory in of points allocated to the wave Set the Selected Wave valid data points parameter to O to deselect the wave Setting valid data points to 1 tells the scanners of this wave that they should begin from point 0 This is helpful in the case where the Calculate Wave instruction has already read the source wave and the instruction is called again yet no one has written to the source in between and the scanner thinks that it should begin from the last point pre pts is the number of valid points before point 1 These are referred to as pre points and are used to make the transition across seams a little easier they are used for internal purposes only pre size is the amount of memory in number of points allocated to the wave for pre points post size is the amount of memory in number of points allocated to the wave for post points Post points are similar to pre points except they start at the end of the wave instead of the beginning min IU code max IU code min EU value and max EU value correspond to the wave mapping values in the Wave Format dialog accessed by pressing Format in the Wave Options dialog F
74. well but freq Blackman 1024 AinO will not have the correct sample period The Blackman window is defined as follows for 1 lt n lt points 2mn 4Tn WH n 0 358 0 488 x cost5oints 0 141 x cos 5oints 6Tn 0 011 x cos points Wave Blackman 16 Functions amp Operators Compress dl Parameters Description Example SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual scale Thin wave data dl wave or channel scale scalar floating point value Compress returns a wave which is similar to the parameter d1 but appears to have a sampling rate a factor of scale slower than the sampling rate of d1 Scale must be less than or equal to the length of d1 greater than 1 and less than 32768 1 056 is OK If Scale is a non integer an interpolation method is used otherwise we toss Scale 1 out of every Scale points Interpolation is much slower and consumes more memory than the toss X out of Y points technique If you want each resultant point to be an average of Scale points call Smooth before Compress The resulting wave always has 1 Scale times as many points as the original wave This function is the inverse of the function Expand Compress does not low pass filter the data and will therefore induce aliasing If this is unacceptable please use the Filter Instruction s Change Sample Rate feature instead When Scale is a non integer the actual scale used is M N where of source points the
75. 305 high spike 32bit floating point data is evaluated w r t 1 0 e g the spectrum of a 10V sine yields approximately a 20dB 20log 10V 1 0 high spike If the points parameter is set to 0 a default of the length of d1 is used Note that points is always rounded down to the nearest power of two e g Spectrum 1000 is equivalent to Spectrum 512 For an example use of Spectrum or for a discussion on imaginary numbers please see the beginning of this chapter See also MvFFT InvFFTO Mag Imag Phase amp Real Spectrum is equivalent to ham Hamm points Calculate hamming window time Wave timeWave ham Apply hamming window spectra MvFFT timeWave points Calculate spectra magnitudes spectra log 10 spectra Convert to dB spectra spectra 20 0 spectra Spectrum timeWave 1024 Functions amp Operators Sqrt al Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Square Root al wave channel or scalar Sqrt returns the square root of the parameter If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned The square root of a negative number is defined as NAN not a number with 32bit floating point results and 16385 internally with 16bit integer results This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Res
76. 36 low byte Ist These are typically used when transferring large e g 512 blocks of data The Options dialog is used to set the baud rate handshaking I O port and the stop criteria This dialog is opened by pressing Options in the main RS 232 dialog All settings must be correct in order for RS 232 communication to commence RS 232 Setup Hardware Options Data bits 050626708 O Stop at ETH Stop bits 0101592 E Stop at character CTS flow control dE i O K Receive bytes maximum CO DIR input flow control e O Hon Hoff handshaking 2 bd Timeout at 1 000 seconds Hon Char a Buffer bytes Hoff Char b E Baud Rate _1200 Port Modem Printer Port selects which hardware connector at the back of your computer is used Modem or Printer Data bits and Stop bits sets the number of data bits per character and the number of stop bits per character respectively Xon Xoff determines if handshaking is controlled with software via two message characters or by hardware via one handshaking wire Baud Rate sets the number of bits transmitted and received each Instructions Cabling RS 232 Cable Example Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual second and Parity sets the parity bit check to Even or Odd The four checkboxes in the Receive Options area determines how long the RS 232 instruction waits for the receive string Limitations can be specified in terms of time maximum num
77. A A O ee appears In this event you can create room Comments Help Cancel DK on the front panel by resizing existing front panel items while in Panel Edit mode The Name edit field allows you to change the display name caution two displays cannot have the same name The Type pop up menu selects the type of graphs to be displayed such as XY Plot or Wave Plot In Wave Plot displays SuperScope II plots the wave points in order from first to last across the screen In XY Plot displays SuperScope II plots one wave against another point for point For example if W1 is plotted against W2 SuperScope II plots the point W1 1 W2 1 then the point W1 2 W2 2 and so on The Waves list shows the names of all waves and channels in memory and the Contents list shows which waves are shown in the display To place a wave into a display drag it s wave name from the Wave list to the Contents list A Wave Plot display needs one wave for each plot whereas the XY Plot needs two To remove a wave from the display drag its name out of the Contents list To replace one wave with another drag the name of the new wave onto that of the old wave as it appears in the Contents list To change the color of the plotted wave make sure your monitor is in Color mode and then double click on the wave name as it appears in the Contents list A color picker will appear Click once on the desired color and then press OK Pressing the Comments button caus
78. And the Left and Right pop ups are used to specify which markers define the end points of the segment The New button creates a new segment with a default name The Delete button erases the displayed Marker The Display section is used to specify which markers are shown in each display as Labels a vertical line This is done by clicking Show Markers area it will highlight while ae ae Shows dette E the desired display is selected in the above Tira eg OO O shew deia y pop up Clicking again will de select the mwane o a SENET marker and hence take it out of the O Show marker name A iaeaaeiaiiy One can vien any AE A Se ate number of markers in each display and each p Marker DER marker can appear in any number of O Show H value displays O Show Y value of Labels is used to setup the labeling of Shou markername Helms Cancel markers and marker related information Although any number of markers may appear in one display only two markers may be represented in the marker label line as illustrated below The Display pop up menu selects which display is represented in the dialog Each Marker pop up menu selects one marker to be labeled The Show X value Show Y value and Show marker name checkboxes are used to activate their corresponding labels The Menubar 3 17 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual delta X marker name marker name delta Y X value X value vA Hh delta Y X WA Ji Y
79. Description Definition Example index Sort Wave According to Index di wave or channel with lt 32768 points index wave or channel IndexSort sorts d1 according to the indices stored in index For example if d1 1 4 8 and index 3 1 2 then the result would be 8 1 4 See also Makelndex and Sort index MakeIndex wave sorted IndexSort wave index is the same as sorted Sort wave Result i d1 2i Wave IndexSort d1 index 2 1 4 3 5 IndexSort 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 4 3 5 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Insert d1 d2 time Insert One Wave into Another Parameters d1 wave or channel d2 wave or channel point scalar integer Description Insert returns a wave equal to d1 with d2 inserted into it after time points For example if dl 1 4 8 d2 3 1 and point 2 then the result would be 1 4 3 1 8 The sample rate of the wave returned by Insert will be set equal to the sample rate of d1 Example Wave Insert d1 d2 5 al 5 E N N N N N N N N E 5 E E E E E an de OO 16 9 22 Pa 28 B E q 0 M 0 0 M 0 U M E M M Functions amp Operators 7 31 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Int d1 Round Off to Nearest Integer Parameters di scalar wave or channel Description Int takes the closest integer to d1 or each value of dl if it is a wave or channel and returns the result in a similar
80. ER 2 THE FRONT PANEL TITO UCA ti Option And Cloverleaf Keys oooococcoccccccccoo Instrument Documentation 0 ee eee eee eens CHAPTER 3 THE MENUBAR Introductions sensorn da ic A A A A Edit M t ua clero Wave MEU A ee Display Menu corro diri tenias die Journal MenUciscnta srl Task Gnu isso dad instruNet MenU ooccccccccccnccnccnncncnnnnnnononnnnnnos Controls Menu ccc cece cece EA E ES CHAPTER 4 PROGRAMMING A itu bwalsedaeh a o hata The Task Editor Wisin Templates Nes Program PlOW 22 2600 142 fia ronca ati CHAPTER 5 DATA ACQUISITION OVERVIEW eer Ser ary e A ae Uses of SuperScope II aro asi eonced saves ne The Digitizing Task cid cias CHAPTER 6 INSTRUCTIONS A A esd ec eee alee it hse The Transfer Dialog a id tas The String Dialog escoltas ticas ertecesews The Variable Dialog cuina Alert Beep OLD ds ATHEUC sis as ASS ENMETI et id ta Calculate Wave ur ia Choose Men dni ia e a a a a Clear amp Updat i anecs eiaa ds A E T E EEE Datapip dina DIKTO a ERES EREN E E Displays secin aa o E E T T E A Get Pine A sad Table Of Contents SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual IR A tack tA AE a EAEE 6 23 Log Marker Valtis A ad 6 25 Move Marker a e E e A cin A a E AEN 6 27 PLOSTARMINO e A A da 6 29 PULSO a eee de Laas 6 31 Read Wave InterndlS it A A A A ahs 6 35 VS Se elon he ae athe bel ie EEE AEEA EE a Den sand OEE 6 36 RUNtIMe Notes ii Oh aes eh ite Ade oe
81. ES WAVES WAVES WAVES WAVES WAVES Wave Name Wave Type V Units H Units Length ValidPts time Integer Volt sec 44509 44509 snap Float dB Hz 256 256 analysis Float Volt sec 0 0 w1 Integer Volt sec 0 0 Wave Mapping For 16bit Integer Waves gt Wave Name Quanta Min Code Max Code Min Value Max Value time 0 000305 32768 32767 10 000000 9 999695 w1 0 000305 32768 32767 10 000000 9 999695 eee First 5 Points Wave Name Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 time 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 snap 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 analysis W1 2 4 The Front Panel SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual File Edit Wave Display Journal Task Control ioNet Chapter 3 The Menubar This chapter describes all commands in the SuperScope II menubar in menubar order This chapter is a comprehensive source of detailed information in encyclopedic form To develop the level of understanding assumed by this chapter it is recommended that you first do the Tutorial in the instruNet User s Manual and also the Tutorial in the SS II User s Manual The Menubar 3 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual File Menu In many Macintosh applications the File menu contains all commands New Instrument that interact with the disk e g Open Save and that deal with the entire file or document e g Page Setup Print But typical Open
82. Editor is open A 1angular instruction pointer F at the left edge follows the execution and indicates to the user which instruction is being executed While the task is running the user can either press Step to freeze execution or Stop to halt execution and move the instruction pointer to the top When execution is frozen via Step the instruction pointer stays where it is and the user is free to either view and alter data e g with the C J M S V W buttons press Go to continue running press Step to execute another instruction and then freeze or press Stop to halt execution and move the pointer to the top Stepping is an extremely powerful debugging tool since it helps you verify that each instruction does as expected and if there is a discrepancy you are placed at the heart of it The Menubar 3 23 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual The Debug button opens the Debugging Options dialog which is used to enable Debugging Options debugging features The settings in this dialog are global and therefore pertain to all E Show Wave Variable Journal Marker buttons tasks as opposed to independent settings for E Show Debugger buttons each task E Limit 60 execution to 5sec per instruction The Show Wave Variable Journal Journal E At run time send instruction execution times Marker buttons checkbox is used to 16ms to journal Bench if it exists show hide the object buttons at the upper left O At run
83. F Compare loads the destination object with 1 0 if the 1st and 2nd sources in string form are identical and 0 0 if they are not identical For example string S1 text abc COMPARE text abc would result in string S1 being filled with 1 0 Copy copies the source object in string form into the destination object Date copies the date into the destination object e g 12 25 96 Get Row copies the N th row of the Ist source object into the destination object in string form N is specified in the 2nd source object i e right most For example string S1 text alr br c GET ROW text 2 would result in string S1 being filled with b Insert inserts the 2nd source text into the 1st source text after the after char character For example string S1 text abc INSERT Z after char 2 would result in string S1 being filled with abZc 6 48 Instructions Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual 6 49 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Integer takes the integer value of source 1 and copies it into the destination object For example string S1 text 2 34 INTEGER would result in string S1 being filled with 2 Length fills the destination string with the number of characters in the source string For example string S1 text abcd LENGTH would result in string S1 being filled with 4 Middle copies a little chunk of text within the Ist source string and pl
84. II amp SoundScope Reference Manual ArcTan al ArcTangent Parameters al wave channel or scalar Description ArcTan returns the inverse tangent of the parameter al in radians If al isa wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned ArcTan returns values between 7 2 and 7 2 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Definition Result n tan al n for a wave or channel Result tan L a1 for a scalar Example Wave ArcTan argl argi 1 E js a pe 0 s ____ 0 5 Functions amp Operators 7 9 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual AutoCorrelation dl AutoCorrelation Curve Parameters dl wave or channel Description AutoCorrelation returns a wave indicating the degree of correlation between d1 and shifted copies of dl M Definition Result n Y d1 m n d1 m m 1 Example Wave AutoCorrelation d1 al Wave 7 10 Functions amp Operators AvgeToDate dl Parameters Description Definition Example SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual dl wave or channel Running Average AvgToDate returns a wave whose points are equal to the average of all preceding values in the parameter d1 For example the tenth value of the result wave is the average of the first ten values in d1 AvgToDate on seamless scans returns the average since the first p
85. INVALID lt lt lt e g your instruction moves marker M1 and someone later deletes M1 In this case the user must either fix the instruction by doing what is necessary to repair it or give up and delete the task To force immediate execution of the instruction one can press the Do It button Do It is not always allowed since the instruction might require the front panel to be visible In these cases Do It is disabled i e it becomes gray Instructions 6 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual THE TRANSFER DIALOG The transfer dialog is used by many instructions e g Statistics on Statistics Pulse Analysis to transfer values to and from Transfer waves variables journals strings controls instruNet min fields and markers This can max be thought of as a hub where K at min i data is transferred to and from H at max ba journal objects area String fotiens std dev The list at the left is used to EOS a L Control ATA select parameters for transfer Auration O Maerker sum of points and the options at the right specify where each parameter is tera to or Rom For example in the above illustration Statistics are calculated on wave Fo and the transfer dialog is setup to transfer the average value to both journal Data and wave slicel Pressing on another parameter e g min max would cause the transfer options for that parameter to appear to the right Subsequently the Trans
86. K This last step causes a new record to be loaded each time the Record field is adjusted by the user Since we set the Record control s increment to 1 0 pressing the arrows change its value by 1 0 and then the Load Rec task runs to load in the new record 8 Create Open DB button Choose New under Task and set the Name to Open DB Use Datapipe Assignment Assignment and Programming Jump to Subroutine to set up the following task Show Datapipe DB Folder Dialog Control Record 0 Variable Record Control Record Jump to Subroutine Load Rec Create a button called Open DB that runs the Open DB task as described earlier 9 Reposition objects Reposition the front panel objects as desired via Panel Edit On Off under Display 10 Testing Press New DB to create a new database press Acquire or something that changes your data press Stop or something that halts the Acquire task press Add Rec to save this new data to the database in record 1 press Acquire to get more data stop Acquire press Add Rec press Acquire stop Acquire press Add Rec press the Record button to move from record 3 to record 2 you should see record 2 s data appear press the button to move to record 1 then press 4 twice to move back to record 3 press Acquire press Add Rec to add a 4th record press New DB to create a new database press Open DB and navigate to the inside of the database folder with the 4 records press OK to hook up to t
87. M or Change Sample Rate The cutoff frequency i e the frequency where the transfer function is 3dB down from the pass band is set with the Freq Cutoff pop up menu as a percentage of the sample rate The actual cutoff frequency in Hz is displayed at the bottom of the dialog The Hz cutoff value is based on the sample rate of the source wave i e the one chosen in the top most pop up menu Since this sample rate can change the filter is always specified as a percentage of the sample rate The Stopband value in the rectangular box shows the difference in dB between the pass band and the stop band This value is often proportional to the number of FIR coefficients shown as the Taps value and is 6 21 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Low amp High Pass Change Sample Rate Low Pass HAM Smoothing therefore proportional to the time required to run the filter The Boundaries pop up menu specifies the technique for handling end points Zero Pad or Truncate Zero Pad entails zero padding before and after the original source wave to produce a resultant wave that contains the same number of points as the original without a phase shift Truncate is a little faster and produces a result that is a convolution between the source wave and the coefficients The number of result points is less than the number of source points by the number of coefficients 1 e result points source points coefficients Also a phase s
88. Manual D 2 SoundScope amp SuperScope II Reference Manual
89. Menubar editor and Option Shift S will open the Save As dialog These are useful if the menu commands are hidden 3 6 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Wave Menu The Wave menu contains commands that you perform on waves Each item is a hierarchical menu with which you choose an entire wave by name a named segment which is defined in the Marker dialog as the portion between two markers or the currently selected portion if something has been selected Note that both the raw data and the results of most calculations are stored as waves and that wave data is either stored as 16bit integers or 32bit floating point values defined in the Format dialog which is opened from the Wave dialog New W creates a new wave and then opens it s options dialog described below Options opens the Wave Options dialog which is used to edit a wave s name data storage format 1 e 16 bit integer or 32 bit float number of points and actual data All wave names can be up to eight characters long and must be unique SuperScope II is case sensitive e g bubble and Bubble are two different labels The Units box specifies the vertical engineering units which are used for labeling purposes The Place Wave Into Display pop up is used to pop the wave into the specified display when OK is pressed The If Wave Changes Run Task checkbox and pop up is used to setup the running Wave MeL Options Delete S
90. Peak to Peak Amplitude fields The Ramp is define with two fields that specify the value at the two end points Gaussian noise has a gaussian distribution i e a histogram of the wave data is a gaussian curve centered about 0 with the specified RMS Root Mean Square RMS is the same as standard deviation is this case For example 10Vrms gaussian noise will have 60 6 of it s values between 10 and 10V Uniform noise is evenly distributed about the specified bound A histogram of uniform noise shows values evenly distributed between Bound and Bound For example each point of 10V uniform noise has an equal probability of appearing anywhere between 10V and 10V The Length field is used to specify the of points in the synthesized wave the maximum being that permitted by available memory The wave is loaded with synthesized data when the user presses Do It or when the instruction is executed SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual SCAN LOOP BEGIN Scan Loop Control Illustration Scan Loop Description The Scan Loop Begin instruction is used Task Begin to set the number of scans in all digitizer Scan Loop Begin 2 scans based tasks This loop includes the Segment Loop Begin Segment Loop and Clear amp Update Digitize Segment 1000 instructions Plot Seqment The trace loop executes with the specified Segment Loop End range of trace numbers For example if 1 Clear Update to 100 is chosen the trace loop executes S
91. Power argl arg2 7 18 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual DeConvolve input output Deconvolve Two Waves Parameters input wave or channel output wave or channel Description DeConvolve returns the deconvolution of a system s input and output waves which may be regarded as the system impulse response function sometimes referred to as h n Definition Result n Convolve output AutoCorrelation input Example Wave DeConvolve input output Functions amp Operators 7 19 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Delete al leftTime rightTime Delete Part of a Wave Parameters al wave or channel leftPoint scalar integer rightPoint scalar integer Description Delete returns a wave equal to d1 but with the segment between and including leftTime and rightTime deleted Example Wave Delete d1 3 5 7 20 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Deriv dl Derivative Parameters Description Definition Example dl wave or channel Deriv computes an approximation to the derivative of the parameter wave at each point in the wave by subtracting two adjacent points i e derivative AY AX where X is in units of points This induces a half sample period time shift to the left see DerivFivePt if you don t like this Beware that overflow or underflow could occur if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit i
92. REFERENCE MANUAL SUPERSCOPE Il amp SOUNDSCOPE Speech Dream Machine Segment 0 Time 0 00 Record Play Analyze Help Test 0 S Date 1 1 95 New DB Open DB owe 2 Add Test to DB __New pe ust Patient 0 Name Smith New Patient Open Patient Patient Test Respiratory Analysis 150200 250 450 500 L 50 msec Div AE at zero Cursors SEE EEES EEE IEA I Integrate Flow Move Cursors Oh 45 50 sec Ss semis ra Record Cursor Values lotes Results Transue VAS trials 1 8 coz Paw Flow WT Ti Te 4 3011503 0 7735560 11 9856973 2 3332787 0 5154545 1 050000 00 00 08 Start 1 000 01 38 end trial 1 000 01 49 start 2 oops not yet GW Instruments Inc SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual October 1 1999 Manual Version 3 0 GW Instruments 35 Medford Street Somerville MA 02143 Tel 617 625 4096 Fax 617 625 1322 WEB www gwinst com EMAIL support gwinst com Manual by Glenn Weinreb a P AET e Copyri ee GW Instruments SuperScope II Sou ndSco ope and instruNet are registered trademarks of GW Instruments SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 WELCOME CHAPT
93. a After the wave decreases below the threshold IntegTH immediately resets and starts accumulating new area again The values returned by IntegTH are in units of vertical engineering units horizontal engineering units For example the area under d1 1 2 3V with a SOus sample period would be 14 2 3 50e 6 0 0003 Volts e Seconds Beware that this might cause overflow or underflow if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 This function works with seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks See also Integ IntegA V IntegPT and IntegTL Let ng be the greatest integer m lt n such that 1 d1 m gt Threshold and 2 d1 m 1 lt Threshold Then n Result n Yd1 j J No Wave IntegTH Argl Threshold SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual InvFFT d1 Parameters Description Definition Example oints Inverse FFT dl wave or channel pointsscalar integer InvFFT computes the inverse fast Fourier transform of the first points 2 complex pairs of d1 If the points parameter is left out or set to 0 a default of the length of d1 is used The parameter wave contains points 2 complex pair each pair contains a real and an imaginary component and the result wave contains points magnitudes Note that poin
94. a custom FIR filter choose Custom FIR in the Type pop up Subsequently a Coefficients popup appears and it is from here that one chooses a wave that contains the FIR coefficients When the filter is run the points in the coefficient wave are convolved with the source wave which is selected in the top most pop up menu For example if the source contains 1 2 3 2 1 and the coefficient wave contains 25 5 25 the result will be 2 2 5 2 For an example custom filter wave please see file Low Pass 25 in the Custom Filters folder within the Goodies folder This contains 99 coefficients in a sin f f format as shown in the illustration to the right To load this wave choose Open under Wave This coefficient stream implements the low pass filter shown in the Filter dialog above If you are not setup to calculate your own filter coefficients and want help press the Custom button Coefficients values range from 1 0 to 1 0 and their sum is the gain of the filter e g 25 5 25 will yield a gain of 1 The sum of coefficients is typically set to 98 or so If working with 16bit integer source data it is possible for the result to overflow at the 32K bound The convolver overflows well and sets an out of bounds value to the bound The number of coefficients can range from 1 to 1K If you run the filter with zero padded boundaries it helps to have an odd of coefficients things will round off a little better at th
95. a with the host wave and is viewed as an ordinary waveform by the analysis and presentation tools Only the user can change the length of the Selected wave 1 e with the mouse Draw 2 changes the cursor to a pencil and allows you to edit the wave data graphically When the mouse button is held down the pencil leaves a mark everywhere it is dragged When the mouse button is released the wave is updated with the drawing If the Grid Snap On option is selected the mouse drawing will be restricted to straight lines 3 14 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Move Marker 3 changes the cursor to a which is used to move markers If Move Marker mode is not selected you can still move markers by holding down the Option key while dragging the mouse Log Coords 4 changes the cursor to a cross hair which is used to log wave coordinates to a Journal Each time the mouse is clicked on a wave it s position usually time and Hz Y dB value are sent to a journal The coordinates are preceded with a header on the first 2278 64 18 060 click as shown in the above illustration e g X Hz Y dB The Log Coords To 2339 68 15 060 submenu specifies which journal receives the text Vertical Adjust 5 changes the cursor to a hand which is used to move the selected wave up and down in its display Moving a wave is purely a graphical operation and does not affect the wave data Clicking once on the symbol
96. aces it into the destination string The number of characters of the chunk are specified in the 2nd source object and the little chunk begins after the after char character number For example string S1 text abcDEf MIDDLE text 2 after char 3 would result in string S1 being filled with DE Round Off rounds off the value in source 1 to N digits past the decimal and copies it into the destination object N is specified by the 2nd source object For example string S1 text 2 3456 ROUND OFF 2 would result in string S1 being filled with 2 34 Set Row copies the Ist source object into the N th row of the destination object where N is specified in the 2nd source object For example string S1 text Z SET ROW text 2 would result in string S1 being changed from a r b r c r to a r Z r cv Time copies the time into the destination object e g 6 30 00 Instructions SYNTHESIZE Illustration Description Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Create Wave Data synthesize Lui O Ramp O Constant 0 000 O Gaussian 5 000 Holt rms noise O Uniform 10 000 Volt random noise Use Variables This instruction loads waves with internally generated i e synthesized data Waves can be loaded with a sine wave square wave triangle wave ramp constant value gaussian noise or uniform noise Sine Triangle and Square waves are defined with the Points per cycle and
97. an instruction is added can have vastly different affects For instance in a Strip Chart instrument if a Calculate Wave instruction e g calculating a derivative was added between the Digitize Segment 1000 instruction and the Plot Segment instruction in the figure above the Calculate Wave instruction would be run in real time as data was being acquired The derivative would be calculated continuously across scans An example application would be if someone wanted to acquire data in strip chart mode calculate a derivative on the incoming data and display both the acquired data and the derivative in real time If the Calculate Wave instruction was instead added after the Scan Loop End instruction i e the last instruction in the task the derivative would be calculated on the last scan only at the end of data acquisition Please refer to the SuperScope II User s manual for information on the instruction dictionary and adding instructions to a Digitizing Task Also please refer to the Seams amp Things appendix of this manual for information on what analysis instructions can be put inside of the Segment Loop In Strip Chart mode the last point of one scan and the first point of the next scan are continuous across individual scans so no data is lost between the scans In Oscilloscope mode and in Oscillo Queued mode there are breaks in data acquisition between the scans In both Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued mode individual scans are queued in a
98. and this wave start time is reset to 0 at the Ist Transfer If this is undesirable one can change the start time after the Transfer via the Set Wave Internals instruction The instruNet Field Options dialog is used to select a specific field in the instruNet network as illustrated to the right e g which is set up to read the voltage from Channel Ch1 Vin This is used by the Scalar Math and String instructions when reading or foNet Field Network Device 1 Sloti4 slot14 1 1 100 1 1 100 ChiBin llin Settings Field General Module Channel Current Value Value Input 1 86057 writing to specific instruNet fields Notice that any cell shown on the instruNet Network page can be accessed with this dialog Instructions e General Ualue Input Hardware Units Label Constants User Name Display Samp Rate Lowpass Filter Highpass Filter Bandpass Filter Bandstop Filter File Driver Ram Buffer User Ram Buffer Channel SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual THE STRING DIALOG Strings are used to hold a series of characters of any length memory permitting e g hi 1 2 They are easily created renamed and deleted and their text is easily Now is the time forall good men and women to come to the aid of their country viewed and edited Many task instructions transfer text to and from strings Transferring a value to a string result
99. ansform dl channel or wave pointsscalar integer 2 to 32767 MvFFT computes the magnitudes of the Fourier transform of the first points points of the parameter wave using a very fast algorithm If the points parameter is left out or set to 0 a default of the length of d1 is used Note that points is always rounded down to the nearest power of two e g MvFFT 1000 is equivalent to MvFFT 512 The resulting wave contains points 2 magnitude values The MvFFT d1 points returns the same result as Mag FFT d1 points For an example use of FFT or for a discussion on imaginary numbers please see the beginning of this chapter The spectrum is scaled such that a X Volt sine produces a spike of amplitude X See also Spectrum nvFFT MvFFTO Mag Imag Phase and Real Result i f a 2i 1 2 d1 2i 2 where ki d1 2i 1 2 points Re d1 k x enr points j lt points gt J27ki d1 2i Q points Tm Yang xe points l j lt points gt Wave MvFFT d1 8 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual OnOff d1 Uthresh Lthresh On Off Control Parameters di input channel or wave Uthresh scalar Lthresh scalar Description OnOff sets the output to 1 true or O false in response to changes in the input signal strength The output bit is turned off 0 when the input signal rises above the upper limit Uthresh and is turned on 1 again when the signal falls below the lower
100. aphically selected by the user in a display This requires putting the mouse in Edit mode by choosing Mouse P Edit under Display clicking once on a wave label at the Display left edge to select it and then dragging over the wave region of interested There is only one selected wave and its name is always Selected Channels are waves that typically receive digitized data e g W1 They are created by choosing New under Hardware and are in a sense waves attached to hardware ports Normal waves are a list of numbers that are not attached to hardware ports and are not based on other waves They are created by choosing New under Wave For more details refer to the Wave discussion in Chapter 4 of the User s Guide and the Wave Menu discussion in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To create wave Choose New under Wave set the wave name via the Name field choose a display in the Place Wave Into Display popup if you want to place the wave into a Display for viewing and then press OK to create the wave Placing a wave into a display does not effect the wave s data since displays are for the user s eyes only At any time one can adjust which waves are in each display via the Display Options dialog For more details refer to the Wave Menu discussion in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To load a wave with a sine square etc Choose Synthesize desiredWave under Wave specify the number of points in the Length field set the synthesize options
101. applications only deal with one kind of document or object In save contrast SuperScope Il includes many different objects such as save As displays waves journals and tasks Each of these objects has its own menu for loading saving and printing if applicable Together they comprise a software instrument The SuperScope II File menu Datapipe deals with the entire instrument Delele Dalapipe iatlapipo Falda Delete File New Instrument clears all displays markers waves journals tasks and datapipes from memory and lets you create your own instrument from scratch SuperScope II can only have one instrument active at a time Page Setup ide Print Setup Open O lets you select a pre defined instrument file from disk to replace the current instrument Unless you press Cancel all displays waves journals tasks datapipes etc will be cleared from memory and replaced by new ones All changes that have not been saved will be lost careful Save S writes the instrument configuration to disk using the current instrument name shown in the title bar effectively deleting the previous version An Instrument Designer has some control over which information is saved with the instrument The name and attributes of all objects are always saved To make sure their contents data are saved verify that the appropriate Save Contents With Instrument File checkboxes are selected In Full Menus select the Opt
102. apter 4 of the User s Manual and the Display Menu discussion in Chapter 4 of the Reference Manual To create a new display Choose New under Display and drag the waves that you want to show from the Waves area to the Display area You can show between 1 and 8 waves in each display The waves could be digitized data calculation results or a static list of numbers the displays don t care where the data comes from they just plot the waves If you are starting out and can tolerate the repositioning of all front panel objects in the Assist Format use option A otherwise B A Press the Assist button and then press OK to exit the Assist dialog Assist will automatically link the new display s horizontal scale to that of the previous display and reposition all front panel objects in the Assist Format B Press OK choose Panel Edit On under Display resize and reposition front panel objects as desired and then choose Panel Edit Off under Display To plot one wave against another i e XY Do as instructed under To create a new display described above except choose XY Plot in the Display Type popup and drag 2 waves instead of 1 one for X and one for Y The 2 waves can be any 2 waves digitized calculated etc and should be adjacent in the X Y dialog area To plot bars in a display Choose Features desiredDisplay under Display choose Bars in the Plot popup and then press OK To plot dots in a display Choose Feature
103. are being displayed Typing in the Name field changes the journal name Journal names must be from one to eight characters long and every journal name must be unique Default journal names are J1 for the first journal J2 for the second journal and so on A Font pop up menu allows you to specify the type font as either Monaco 9 or Monaco 12 fixed character width fonts Each journal can reside on the front panel or in it s own window as determined by the Position pop up menu A journal operates in either Word Processor or Journal MeL Options Delete Save As Load Tent Page Setup Print Journal _Notes Mode Spread Sheet O Show horiz scroll bar Name Position Front Panel E Show name E Show vert scroll bar View EJ Show rectangular border O Save contents with instrument file Options Runtime J Prefix notes with Seconds hrs min sec E Show notes in display _01 BERGE GPa on odas Tab characters assist Conca ox Spreadsheet mode as specified in the Mode pop up menu In Word Processor mode lines that exceed the width of the page are automatically wrapped to the next line Typing max into the Width field will cause text to always wrap to the width of the journal window size even if the journal is resized This mode is useful for journals that are going to be printed In Spreadsheet mode lines can have arbitrary length so that any number
104. ary string round off the string via the General string instruction and then append the string onto the end of J1 via General string 2 Text instructions e g Insert Append often conflict with table building instructions that transfer numbers to journals This is because the table builders expect the journal to be in a particular state at each step of the table building process and the text instructions upset this state If your tables are Step By Step Design Reference 8 9 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual getting torn to shreds consider setting up two journals one for tables and another for text or consider building your own tables with Append in the General string instruction To calculate the average value of each scan and send the result to a journal If you have built an Oscilloscope as described earlier and want to transfer the average value of each scan to a journal make sure a Journal has been created as described earlier choose Edit Acquire under Task to open the digitizer task drag the Statistics instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the line below Digitize Scan to open the Statistics dialog select W1 in the uppermost popup to specify that we are doing calculations on this wave select avg in the list area select the Journal targetJournal checkbox to specify that the average value of W1 is to be sent to this journal when the task is run select max in the list area select the Journal targ
105. as desired and then press OK to load the wave with synthesized data One could also execute this in a task via the Synthesize task instruction For more details please refer to the Synthesize discussion under Wave in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To view amp edit a wave s numerical values Choose Edit Values desiredWave under Wave to open the Value Editor The leftmost column is an index which corresponds to the point in the adjacent column while the five right most columns hold the wave data proceeding left to right then top to bottom To select a range of values simply drag the mouse over any series of cells Press 46x to Cut dbc to Copy and JB v to Paste Data is placed onto the clipboard as a column of numbers To edit a value in a field click once in the cell to select 1t and then type For more details please refer to the Edit Values discussion under Wave in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To filter a wave Choose Edit Values desiredWave under Wave to open the Filter dialog set the Type popup low pass high pass etc set the Frequency Cutoff popup as a percent of sample rate and then press OK to run the filter One can also do this in a task via the Filter instruction For more details please refer to the Filter discussion in Chapter 6 of the Reference Manual To learn how to create your own filters with a user specified cutoff frequency and stop band attenuation please read the WLFDAP Documentation file i
106. ate the filename with useful information As noted earlier wave data can also be saved with the instrument Load data will overwrite the old data careful Data lets you select a wave file on disk and then loads its data into an existing wave The new Append lets you select a wave file on disk and then appends its data to an existing wave The Menubar SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Edit Values organizes wave values in a table for simple viewing Edit Values A and editing as illustrated to the right The leftmost column in the table is an index which corresponds to the point in the adjacent column e g in the dialog to the right the value at 00048sec is 044Volts This index 1s shown in units of time e g seconds or point number 1 e an incrementing integer starting with 1 depending on the setting of the Index radio buttons The five right Options most columns hold the wave data Index Format Units proceeding left to right then top to Time Dec Uolt Overwrite bottom DO Point Hex CQ internal Insert There is no way to cancel or undo changes made in this dialog To change the value at any point just click on its cell and type a new number Use the arrow keys to move the cursor up down right and left between cells Depending on the Typing option both the Tab and Return keys will either move the cursor to the right Overwrite mode or insert a new cell Inser
107. ave As Load Data Append Data Edit Values synthesize Calculate Filter Wave Statistics of a task when the wave s data changes For example if task T1 does W1 Deriv W2 one could setup T1 to run when W2 changes insuring that W1 will always be seen as the i Name W1 Formate E e derivative of W2 no matter what e iite To digitize from instruNet hardware an input channel must be linked to a SuperScope II wave Pressing the Channel button opens the instruNet Channel Selection dialog where a specific channel is chosen with it s network device module and channel E 0O Link to ioNet Points Synthesize The Link to instruNet option links a SuperScope _ Place wave into display _ II wave to an instruNet input or output channel O If wave changes run E Seamless scrolling via Channel Comments Heip cancer Pressing the Comments button causes the Comments box to appear which provides a place to keep notes with each wave Pressing the Edit button invokes the table editor which is described under the Edit Values command in the Wave menu Pressing the Synthesize button invokes the wave synthesizer s dialog box which is described under the Synthesize command in the Wave menu This box is useful for loading a wave with a constant value ramp sine wave triangle wave square wave gaussian noise gaussian distribution or uniform noise flat histogram
108. ave point the point number of the closest point the first point is point number 1 the time of the marker and the daytime Daytime is the time of the marker in hours minutes seconds This applies only to digitizer based tasks For example if you record EKG for 5 hours starting at noon and the marker is at position 10 seconds the marker s daytime value would be 12 00 10 The value point time and daytime parameters can be sent in any combination to journals waves variables and markers as described in the Data Central appendix If the option set value is selected you must select an object in the dialog will change as shown to the right You must select a SuperScope II object in the Read popup to set the value of the wave where the marker intersects it For example if you select variable in the Read popup and select V1 in the variable popup next to it then the Control Journal Marker String Variable Wave Value Set set value With ioNet Field point i time E set value Current value 0 00000 Holioas wave W1 will have it s value at the intersection of the marker M1 set by the value of the variable V1 For details on how to use this dialog please see the Transfer Dialog discussion at the beginning of this chapter Instructions 6 27 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Special Note Markers are like variables since they hold or correspo
109. ber of characters received receipt of an ETX character and or receipt of an arbitrary character If more then one condition is selected then text is received until one is met Buffer determines the amount of memory allocated for the receive string The instruction will attempt to process all incoming data with the specified Buffer and an alert will appear if an overflow occurs The GWI RS232 cbl cable available from GW Instruments provides a DB25 male connector for connection to your RS 232 device If your device does not mate this connector it is recommended that you employ RS 232 accessories available from Radio Shack e g DB9 to DB25 interface DB25 gender changer etc Also you might need a Null modem available from Radio Shack in line to insure that the computer is transmitting on the same wire that your RS 232 device is listening as opposed to both transmitting on the same wire and both listening on the same wire The Macintosh Modem Printer port to RS 232 cable available from GW Instruments Part GWI RS232 cbl is diagrammed below MODEM PRINTER port RS 232 Connector Mini DIN8 DB 25 D Sub Male View When Looking Sfeet Into DIN8 Connector DTE DTR 2 TxD CTS 3 RxD TxD 4 RTS GND 5 CTS RxD 6 DSR TxD 7 GND GPi 8 DCD 20 DTR 22 RI 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connecting a Radio Shack Digital Voltmeter Micronta Part 22 182 to the Macintosh involves the following Cabling Macintosh DIN8 Mal
110. bjects i e displays journals PICTs stay the same size when the front panel is resized which occurs when you Save an instrument with one monitor size and then Open with another Object Size Proportional causes the front panel objects to resize proportionally to the front panel during resizing The Menubar 3 19 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Journal Menu A journal is a text editor for entering notes logging values and recording any information pertinent to your analysis Text may be transferred between journals and the Clipboard using Cut Copy and Paste from the Edit menu Journal files that have been saved to disk can be read directly from most spreadsheets and word processors they are of type TEXT Each journal can be placed on the front panel or in it s own window Journals on the front panel can be of any size and in any number memory permitting Their attributes such as title bar scroll bar and rectangular border are all optional Journals in their own window are similar to a standard word processor window They can be hidden by pressing the Close box in their upper left corner and shown by choosing Show under Edit New J creates a new journal and then opens the Journal Options dialog described below Options opens the Journal Options dialog which is used to specify the type and attributes of each journal The Journal pop up menu at the top indicates which journal s options
111. ble n a n a no n a yes n a no n a n a yes yes yes n a yes n a n a n a no n a n a n a n a SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Supports Function Description Seamless Traces IVEIAEV Convolve CopyTiming Cos CrossCorrelation CrossPower DeConvolution Delete Demux Deriv DerivFivePt IndexSort Insert Int Integ IntegAV IntegPT add subtract multiply divide bitwise AND 1 if greater then 0 otherwise 1 if lt or equal O otherwise 1 if gt or equal O otherwise 1 if equal O otherwise 1 if not equal 0 otherwise absolute value beep if value is out of bounds append one wave to another inverse cosine Inverse sine inverse tangent autocorrelation average value to date generate a Blackman window decrease sample rate convolution copy sample period amp start time cosine cross correlation cross power de convolution delete a waveform segment demultiplexes a waveform derivative Spt Lagrange derivative exponential increase sample rate fast Fourier transform return real generate a hamming window generate a Hanning window histogram return imaginary given complex sort given indices insert a segment into a wave convert to closest integer integrate integrate reset when area A integrate reset when time T Seams amp Things SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Supports Function Description Seamless Traces PulseMax Times Pu
112. bles button is clicked the edit field next to the Remove column number instruction will turn into a popup listing all SuperScope II variables and the row number to be removed will be specified by the value of the variable selected in the popup Change to replaces all occurrences of the former text with that of the latter ir t Mn Mb and 0 entries are interpreted as their control character equivalents i e return tab line feed delete null character respectively For example Change t to will replace all tab characters with commas This is useful when preparing a string to be sent to a database Insert inserts the text in the adjacent field into the journal or string Insert wave definitions enters descriptions of all waves into a journal or string as illustrated below Haue Hor i z Sample Type i Uni ts Length Period TIt3z Hz o z 00e 3 Inti6 sec 10736 4 49e 5 Selected fl tse sec o 1 00e 3 Insert today s date inserts the current date e g 7 22 92 into the journal or string Insert today s time inserts the current time e g 09 05 31 into the journal or string Insert scan number inserts the current scan number into the journal or string This only applies to digitizer based tasks The first scan is 1 Update all journals causes all non current journals to update This is relevant with tabular data generated by some task instructions e g transfer to journal in the Statistics instruction The
113. bs to 4 characters The Front Panel 2 3 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual INSTRUMENT DOCUMENTATION To copy a complete textural description of your instrument to the clipboard press Shift Option A To view or print the description paste the text into a word processor or into a journal If a journal by the name of ReadMe exists it s text is included in the description A journal by this name is the standard repository for user documentation of an instrument If the user presses Option a i e lower case a a more brief textural description of the instrument is sent to the clipboard The brief version does not include the ReadMe or the Menubar text These documents look best when printed with a small fixed character width font such as Courier 9 A fragment of the Option a text is shown below cooooonn nn neorooneonnnnerrrrononon n nrrrroronn nen nnnroorororoononnnnnnrrrnonon n n nn r o INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT Name sos5 Date 8 12 92 Application SoundScope 16 Version 1 089 84 co oooonn nn neooroooonnnrnrrrrononon nnrrrrrrnrronn n nnrrroororononnnnnnrrrr noonon n n o DISPLAYS DISPLAYS DISPLAYS DISPLAYS DISPLAYS DISPLAYS DISPLAYS Display Name time analysis snap D4 coo ooonn nn neoooronnnnnrrrrnnnen n nrrrrrornononen nnrroororooonennnnererroronoon n rr o WAVES WAVES WAVES WAVES WAV
114. buffer as they are acquired In Oscilloscope mode the most recent scan in the queue is always retrieved when the Scan Loop begin instruction is executed while in Oscillo Queued mode the first scan is always retrieved The total amount of data that SuperScope II will collect in a Digitizing task is the product of the number of scans collected the amount of data collected per scan The number of scans to be run and the number of points to be collected per scan are set in the Digitize Segment dialog The Digitize Segment dialog can be accessed by double clicking on the Digitize Segment instruction in a Digitizing task Please refer to Chapter 2 of the instruNet User s manual for information on the Digitize Segment dialog Each scan is acquired by repeatedly processing little segments a segment at a time until the entire scan has been acquired Instructions that are added inside of the Segment loop are processed in real time as data is being collected At the end of a scan instructions that are outside of the Segment loop but inside of the Scan loop are executed Then the next Scan is started This process continues until all of the scans are done This mode is ideal for recording analyzing viewing and storing a very long e g 1000 MByte continuous streams of data in Strip Chart mode and in Oscillo Queued mode 5 4 Data Acquisition SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Digitize Segment pulls in
115. can Loop End 100 times with trace numbers 1 2 3 100 6 52 Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual TRANSCENDENTAL Scalar Transcendental Illustration Description Debugging See Also Instructions Scalar Transcendental Par EHEHEHE o 0 00000 Volts 0 01000 AAA Cancel This instruction calculates a transcendental function e g sin cos Abs abs In on one object and then transfers the scalar result into another object For a detailed description of transcendental Arclos functions please see Chapter 7 Recall that a marker s value is Arcsin derived from it s position a control s value is derived from it s ArcTan position a string or journal s value is derived from it s text zero is assumed if the text does not contain a number and a wave s scalar Cos value is derived from one point as specified by the Wave Transfers Exp Options dialog discussed at the beginning of this chapter For Int your convenience the current value of each object is shown at the base of the dialog It s as easy as forming a sentence Ln Log10 To view the run time results of this instruction e g v2 sin abs V1 2 000 abs 2 000 please enable the Task80 option in the Task Debugging Options dialog create a journal by sqrt the name of Task80 Position Window is usually best and run Tan the task Assignment scalar Arithmetic scalar SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Refer
116. cilloscope as an XY recorder as a strip chart recorder or as a post acquisition analysis tool A SuperScope II oscilloscope instrument works similarly to a digitizing storage oscilloscope DSO where data is acquired and processed in blocks In SuperScope II oscilloscope instruments the number of blocks of data to be acquired is defined by the number of scans An example of an oscilloscope instrument is where a researcher uses SuperScope II to repeatedly e g 1000 times flash light into a subject s eyes and digitize the resulting EEG brain waves accumulating a set of independent trials and saving each trial to disk A SuperScope II strip chart recorder instrument will acquire continuous streams of data the same way a conventional chart recorder does One advantage of using SuperScope II and instruNet hardware for strip chart applications is that higher frequency signals can be acquired with the SuperScope II system than can Data Acquisition 5 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual be acquired with a conventional chart recorder While a conventional strip chart recorder can acquire signals in the hundreds of Hertz range at best a SuperScope II strip chart instrument can acquire data in the kHz range Also SuperScope II instruments can be designed that analyze data as it is being acquired and both acquired data and the results of analysis can be streamed to disk An application for a SuperScope II strip chart instrument is the engin
117. cilloscope Queued Then create a SuperScope II wave for each input channel and tie it into an instruNet channel following the directions in Chapter 2 of the SuperScope II User s manual After this any Digitizing Tasks created will automatically run as an Oscilloscope For details on the Oscilloscope and Strip Chart modes of data acquisition refer to Chapter 5 of the instruNet User s manual For details on building SuperScope II oscilloscope instruments please refer to Chapters 2 and 3 in the SuperScope II User s manual 5 2 Data Acquisition SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Strip Chart Instruments Digitizing Tasks that are designed to turn SuperScope II into an strip chart recorder i e instruments built with Strip Chart selected in the Mode popup in the instruNet Digitize Segment dialog acquire data continuously across scans as shown in the figure below time 0 Sead Time l I lt Controller Digitizes Scan 1 t Controller Digitizes Scan 2 gt l waveform l l l l l l l waveform i i l l l l JOSS JOJ PEM suononysug 9SN Joyjng peojun suornpn ysu Jos arepdy 2 WAD Jajjng peoyuy arepdy 29 WAD l I I l I I I l l I I l l I I l l ka Scan Loop 1 gt Scan Loop 2 gt Strip chart instruments are triggered once at the beginning of all scans This is in contrast to Oscilloscope instruments that are triggered separately at the beginning of each scan In many strip chart ins
118. closest bound For example if we do WI W2 WS3 and all three waves have a 32768 to 10V mapping and are loaded with 8V the result will be set to 10V not 16V Beware that 16bit integer waves have limited resolution For example the values in a 32768 to 10V mapped wave are accurate to 0 000305V 10V 32768 This means that you could set the wave to 0 000305V 0 0 0 000305V 0 000610V yet to nothing in between An attempt to do so would result in a rounding to the nearest value To convert a 16bit integer wave to 32bit float press Format in the Wave Dialog and then choose Floating Point 3 8 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Calculations with 32bit floating point waves are faster than with 16bit integer waves since the computer does not need to map from internal units to engineering do the calculation and then map back to internal units was saved there is no recall Open lets you select a wave file on disk and then loads that wave and it s data into SuperScope II The new wave is added to the list of waves This 1s similar to Load Wave except Open causes a new wave to appear and Load loads data into an existing wave Save As writes to disk the data in the wave that you select prompting you for a filename and location folder Like all standard File dialogs the pop up menu at the top lets you move up in the folder hierarchy As an alternative the Folder pop up menu in the bottom
119. complished using waves in complex number format When a wave is in complex number format its values represent alternately the real and the imaginary parts of complex numbers Odd numbered points represent the real part while even numbered points represent the imaginary part If W1 were a wave in complex number format its first six values would represent the following W1 1 Real first value W1 2 Imaginary first value W1 3 Real second value W1 4 Imaginary second value W1 5 Real third value W1 6 Imaginary third value The following functions help manage complex numbers Function Operation Mag convert a wave of complex s to a wave of it s magnitudes Phase convert a wave of complex s to a wave of it s phases MakeCompex convert a wave of real s to a wave of complex s Real convert a wave of complex s to a wave of real s WAVES Waves can be stored as a series of 32bit Floating Point or 16bit Integer values 32bit floating point waves are stored directly as engineering units i e you view and analyze the same value that is stored internally this is not the case with 16bit integer waves Most waves should be stored in this format 16 bit integer waves are stored as 16bit integers e g 2048 16384 and are mapped to engineering units e g 5V 3V as specified in the Wave Format dialog The minimum and maximum specified internal values are mapped to the minimum and maximum specified engineering unit values
120. configuration Then when you are in SuperScope II choose Network View Page under instruNet and then press the Open button to load the Network setting from disk The network settings are automatically saved with the SuperScope II instrument file every time you choose Save or Save As in the SuperScope II file menu The figure below shows the mapping between the instruNet menu and individual items in instruNet World View Page Opens instruNet World Network Page Restore Presses Restore button in Network Page Store Presses Store button in Network Page Open Presses Open button in Network Page save Presses Save button in Network Page Clear Presses Clear button in Network Page Reset Presses Reset button in Network Page View Page Opens instruNet World Record Page Presses Start button in Network Page Stop Presses Stop button in Network Page Open Presses Open button in Network Page Save Presses Save button in Network Page Options Presses Options button in Network Page Timing Presses Timing button in Network Page instruNet Trigger Presses Trigger button in Network Page Network P a Probe Presses Probe button in Network Page Record Test Opens instruNet World Test Page Trigger Opens instruNet World Trigger Dialog instruNet devices support multiple analog and digital I O channels For details on each device please refer to the instruNet User s manual For information on setting up an acquisition sequence please refer to the Program
121. cquisition the user can move the horizontal scrollbar to cause separate scans to automatically load in from disk making the set of scans appear as one continuous stream For examples of instruments that spool to disk while acquiring please see Strip Chart To Disk iNet and Strip Chart w Database iNet supplied with SuperScope II To add spooling capability to your Strip Chart please do the following steps 1 Create DB datapipe Choose Datapipe New Datapipe under File to create a datapipe set the Name to DB and then press OK 2 Choose Edit Acquire under Task to open the Task Editor Drag the Datapipe instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the position under Task Begin choose Create new folder and prompt for name press OK Drag a Disk I O instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the position above Clear amp Update choose Save wave spooledWave press the Options button select the Prefix file name with incrementing integer checkbox to tell it to prefix the filename with the scan number press OK press the File button choose the datapipe in the lower right corner to tell it to save to the pipe location press Save and then press OK to exit the Disk I O dialog Repeat the Disk I O step for each wave that you want to spool to disk e g W1 W2 and W3 Press OK to exit the Task Editor when done 3 To tell SuperScope to automatically load in scans from disk when the horizontal scroll bar is moved do the following for
122. ction Obviously some might be needed such as support for Mouse and Keyboard activity Run your task with different During Run time options to get a feel for the trade offs 2 Decrease the amount of graphic update by reducing the size of displays placing fewer waves in displays placing fewer markers in displays writing less information to journals not showing journals that are receiving text putting your monitor into Black amp White mode via the Monitor control panel or using the Display task instruction to Hide a display while in a tight loop and then Show it when done 3 Increase the amount of memory given to SuperScope II by selecting the application icon from the Finder when the application is not in use choosing Get Info under File amp then setting the Memory Requirements Preferred Size field to a larger value This decreases the amount of time the computer spends moving things around in available memory 4 Minimize the number of tasks waves amp indicators Also minimize their sizes 8 22 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual 5 Ina few cases it is helpful to increase the amount of memory allocated for a wave at the beginning of the task so that this does not need to be done later in the task via the data size parameter in the Set Wave Internals task instruction 6 Move to a faster computer To print a task s text Choose Copy Task desiredTask under Edit to copy
123. culation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned log10 0 is defined as INF negative infinity with 32bit floating point results and 32768 internally for 16bit integer results log10 lt 0 is defined as NAN not a number with 32bit floating point results and 16420 internally with 16bit integer results This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n Result log10 a1 n for a wave or channel log10 al for a scalar Wave log10 argl ard 10 LE Wave 1 0 8 4 A a _ a Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Mag d1 Return Magnitudes of Complex Wave Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators dl wave or channel The Mag function returns a wave which contains the magnitudes of the complex numbers in the parameter d1 The wave d1 should be in complex number notation The result wave is half the length of the input wave For a discussion on complex numbers please refer to the beginning pages of this chapter See Also MakeComplex Phase Real and Imaginary Result i V d1 2i 1 2 d1 2i 2 Wave Mag d1 dl Wave SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual MakeComplex d1 Return Complex Wave Given Reals Parameters Description Definition Example dl wave or channel MakeComplex is given a
124. d liability of GW Instruments under this warranty shall be to repair or replace at its option without cost to the Customer the product or part which is so defective and about which such notice is given Upon request by GW Instruments the product or part claimed to be defective shall be returned immediately to GW Instruments at the Customer s expense Replaced or repaired products or parts will be shipped to the Customer at the expense of GW Instruments There shall be no warranty or liability for any products or parts which have been subject to misuse accident negligence failure of electric power or modification by the Customer without GW Instruments approval Final determination of warranty eligibility shall be made by GW Instruments If a warranty claim is considered invalid for any reason the Customer will be charged for services performed and for expenses incurred by GW Instruments in handling and shipping the returned item The warranty period of replaced or of repaired products will terminate with the termination of the warranty period of the original product or part THE FOREGOING WARRANTY CONSTITUTES GW INSTRUMENTS SOLE LIABILITY AND THE CUSTOMER S SOLE REMEDY WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES LIABILITIES AND REMEDIES EXCEPT AS THUS PROVIDED GW INSTRUMENTS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Apple Macin
125. digitizing is run all notes are time annotated with respect to the Begin Task instruction Notes can either be prefixed with time in seconds or time in hours minutes seconds by enabling the appropriate radio button B28 96 01 09 11 Turn relay on o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 500 To show the time annotated notes in a display as well as in the journal select a journal in the Show notes in display popup This option that allows users to add notes to their experiments during experiments and have the notes time annotated in a designated display as shown in the above right figure In the figure above the first time annotated note is Turn relay on which was entered into the journal Notes at 2 2 sec after the start of data acquisition The note also appears in the display D1 immediately above at 2 2 seconds For an example of creating and using Runtime Journals refer to Chapter 3 Advanced Tutorial of the SuperScope I User s Manual 0 0 3 28 9068 01 09 11 2 2 Turn relay on 8 3 0 6 Turn heater aff z Turn coffee machine on Delete disposes of the journal selected in the delete submenu Once a journal is deleted it s gone Unless it was saved there is no recall Clear erases the contents of the specified journal All changes that have not been saved will be lost careful Save As writes the specified journal to disk prompting for a file name and location folder with the standard File Save d
126. e wave or only a segment is transferred to the journal O From point int to Tm Also one can specify if each ae point is labeled with an index a time or nothing The illustration below shows Index a Time O Dn four wave points labeled i wd with an index If this text was transferred to a a a O spreadsheet one column would contain the offsets and the neighboring column WH would contain the wave values Transferring data to a Uolt spreadsheet is very powerful when combined with a offset base 1 spreadsheet macro that automatically analyzes graphs 0 0 000 stores and prints The macro capability in Microsoft Excel 1 0 503 is especially wonderful since it allows you to create macro 1 197 sheets by recording key and mouse activity i e you do not 1 7 need to type macros into a macrosheet and program Transfer Journal to Wave is used to transfer a column of numbers in a journal to a wave Instructions 6 17 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual The Transfer Journal Options button opens the Transfer Journal Options dialog shown to the right It is here that one specifies the maximum number of points to transfer the journal Transfer Data from Data to Fo Number of points to transfer TT column number to transfer from Transfer from journal column column 0 is the left most column and whether the data is appended to O Replace wave every transfer the end of the wave o
127. e Formats This appendix describes the wave file formats supported by SoundScope A variety of formats are provided to facilitate the transfer of data between SoundScope and other applications such as word processors spreadsheets MacSpeech Lab I and II Digidesign s Audiomedia software and Farallon s SoundEdit program Please refer to The Load and Save Commands section in Chapter 4 for information on how to load and save files in various file formats Available Formats The Format button in the Save As Wave dialog box allows you to choose among six file formats for saving waves The default format 16 bit integer suffices for most applications but other formats have been provided to facilitate the exchange of data between SoundScope and other application software Those of you using the 8 bit digitizer should take note of the Audio IFF format which can save disk space due to its support of 8 bit data points all other formats save waves as 16 bit integer or 32 bit floating point values depending on their internal representation in computer memory 16 bit integer This is the default format in SoundScope for waves stored internally as 16 bit integers and is suitable for use with the vast majority of waves Each point sample in the wave is represented as a 16 bit integer which takes up two bytes of disk memory 32 bit floating This format is similar to 16 bit Integer yet stores data as 32 bit point floating point values This is us
128. e IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Resource Data is saved as a resource inside a file No files are created when saving a wave as a resource instead wave data is embedded inside an existing file More than one resource can be saved in the same file This format is a standard Apple sound format and is used to encode the alert sounds in the Macintosh system software e g Boing Clink Klank Monkey and Simple Beep Each system alert sound is stored as a resource in the System file in the System Folder If you store a resource sound in your system file you can designate it as your alert sound by selecting it in the sound section of your computer s Control Panel i e choose Control Panel under the Apple menu SAMPLING RATES A SoundScope time wave is a sequence i e an ordered list of values called samples These samples are acquired by an analog to digital A D converter which measures the voltage of a signal typically produced by a microphone and then amplified at a specified sampling rate or number of samples acquired each second The digital samples acquired with the A D converter are then played back using a digital to analog D A converter Each digitizer supports various sample rates for record and playback each of which is suited to different applications High sample rates are useful in applications that demand high fidelity and high frequency response but require large amounts of memory to store time waves Low sam
129. e and contains all of the odd numbered points in the parameter wave dl base 1 This function is useful for extracting the real parts of waves in complex number format For a discussion on complex numbers please refer to the beginning pages of this chapter See Also MakeComplex Mag Imag and Phase Result i d1 2i 1 iis base 1 Wave Real d1 dl Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Reciprocal d1 Point wise reciprocal of a Wave Parameters Description Definition Example dl wave or channel Reciprocal returns the reciprocal of the parameter Each point of the result wave becomes one divided by each corresponding point in the source wave This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result 1 1 0 d1 i Wave Reciprocal d1 xy d1 Functions amp Operators 7 63 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Reverse d1 Reverse of a Wave Parameters dl wave or channel Description Reverse reverses the order of the elements in d1 e g the first point of Reverse d1 s result corresponds to the last point of d1 Definition Result i d1 1 Length d1 1 Example Wave Reverse d1 al Wave 6 6 na CN 4 r o 4 KAN n E a a 2 y 2 E 0 AAA APT 0 EA aia 4 TAURI TE TA _2 d T7 Mo 13 16719 n a n E 4 ao 44 Egu Egu BAR 6 7 64 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual
130. e end points To import a stream of coefficients copy them to the clipboard as a column of numbers i e each number is separated by a carriage return enter SuperScope II create a new wave with a 32bit floating point format which is the default open the Value Editor select all the points in the wave and choose Paste To save this wave choose Save As under Wave To store the coefficient wave s data in an Instrument file press the Points button in the Coefficient wave s Options dialog choose Options under Wave and then enable the Save data with instrument file checkbox Only 3 digits after the decimal are shown in the Wave Value Editor yet more are stored internally If you type into the editor you may only get 3 digits of accuracy Paste to the table editor is more accurate since the internal data is moved and not the viewed 3 digits after decimal If you select a cell and move to another cell it will read the text if it differs by more that 001 from the values stored internally and update the internal value to that truncated viewed value If you Copy data from the clipboard you will only get 3 digits of accuracy Copy Wave Text under Wave is better SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual GET TIME Illustration Description Parameters Footnotes 25us Timebase Get Time Transfer month to day E O Wave i Getiars W year Olvariable _ error plas hour i minutes
131. e placed into each display and each marker can be placed into any number of displays If a marker s position is not in the displayed region it appears as a dotted line at the left or right edge Markers are used to scan along a waveform to find specific attributes and are used to mark the bounds of segments For more details refer to the Markers discussion in Chapter 4 of the User s Guide amp the Markers discussion under Display in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To create a marker Choose Markers anyDisplay under Display press New in the lower left Marker region set the Name field in the Marker area as desired and then press OK to create the marker At this point it exists in memory as a value and name yet is not visible in a display To see it in a display do as described below To view a marker in a display Choose Markers desiredDisplay under Display select i e click once to highlight the desiredMarker name in the upper left Display area and then press OK To take a marker out of a display Deselect instead of Select by clicking once on a highlighted marker name which causes the highlight to disappear To add a marker label to a display Choose Labels desiredDisplay under Display choose the desiredMarker in the Marker popup and then set up the marker label as desired Marker labels appear above a marker s position and show the marker name position and or wave value at marker position Up to 2 markers can be
132. e to DB25 Male Cable GWI Part GWI RS232 cbl DB25 Female to DB9 Male Null Modem Radio Shack Part 26 287 Digital Voltmeter DB9 Female to DVM 5pin connector included with Voltmeter In order to tell the DVM to transmit it s RS Request to send line must be pulled low DB 9 pin 7 DB 25 pin 4 Therefore the end user must open the GWI cable and attach DB 25 pin 4 RTS to DB 25 pin 7 GND How would the end user have know to do this Good question RS 232 is occasionally maddening 6 41 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Debugging RS 232 Setup e 1200 baud 7bit data 2bit stop no handshake stop at r character amp stop at 1sec timeout Modem Port Instruction e Send D r character Copy results into journal J1 Please refer to the RS 232 instrument in the More Instruments folder for more RS 232 examples If things are not working as expected create a Task80 and or an _rs232 journal as soon as possible rs must be lower case When you create these journals choose Window in the Position pop up inside the Journal Options dialog This will cause the journal to be given it s own window If journals exist by these special names helpful information is printed to them as each instruction is executed If an _rs232 journal exists both the transmitted and received RS 232 text is printed to this journal This is a good way to check the command text when you send SuperScope II objects via the bracket fea
133. each channel that is spooled to disk choose Channel spooledChannel under Hardware press Options and then select Support continuous scrolling via the DB folder In the case of waves one selects Support scrolling via datapipe in the Wave Options dialog under Wave 4 Testing Press the Acquire button to create a new folder attach the DB pipe to that folder and begin acquiring Stop the Acquire task after several scans have been digitized and spooled to disk Then move the horizontal scrollbar to scan the entire disk based stream Recall that the stream length is the of scans multiplied by the of points per scan the of scans is set in the Scan Loop task instruction and the of points per scan is set in the Timebase dialog under Hardware To view the spooled files choose Datapipe Folder DB under File To analyze a spooled disk based stream post acquisition This involves loading from disk and analyzing consecutive scans The task instructions automatically operate on the entire stream as though it was one long wave Choose New under Task and set the Name as desired Use the Programming Loop and Disk I O instructions to set up the following task Task Begin Loop 100 times Load wave W1 from disk Place analysis instructions e g Statistics Calculate Wave Move Maker her Loop end 8 24 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual After each time you open the Disk I O instructio
134. eer who monitors the pressures and temperatures of vessels and pipes in a manufacturing plant calculates statistics on the recorded data displays the incoming waveforms and the analysis results in real time and saves all data to disk In summary if the Scan Mode popup in the instruNet Digitize Segment dialog is set to Strip Chart any Digitizing Task created will run in Strip Chart mode While SuperScope II instruments can be designed that process incoming data online sometimes it is more optimal to acquire data and then analyze it at a later date SuperScope II allows users to design non digitizing i e instruments that don t collect data instruments that load already acquired data view the data analyze the data and then print and send the results back to disk Oscilloscope Instruments Tasks that are designed to turn SuperScope II into an oscilloscope i e instruments built with Oscilloscope or Oscillo Queued selected in the Mode popup in the instruNet Digitize Segment dialog acquire data in blocks as shown in the figure below In both Oscilloscope mode and Oscillo Queued mode each scan is acquired on a user specified trigger condition whereas in Strip Chart mode one trigger initiates a data acquisition sequence and all acquired scans are continuous with each other A typical oscilloscope instrument would be an instrument where data is acquired on a user defined trigger condition displayed analyzed and then saved to disk This is typically d
135. eful for waves which are stored internally in the 32 bit floating point format To view or alter how a wave is stored internally please open the wave type dialog by clicking the Type button which is accessible after choosing the Wave or New Wave command under the Wave menu Please consult the Save As Wave section of the SuperScope II Reference Manual for more information Text Data is saved as a list of numbers in text format each number corresponding to one point in the wave Files in this format can be transferred to and from spreadsheet or word processor applications Note that this format takes up much more disk space than the other formats since each point in the wave is represented as a string of several characters digits Additionally it takes more time to save or load Audio IFF Data is saved in the standard AIFF format Audio Interchange File Format used by many Macintosh applications that work with sound This format is efficient for waves that have been recorded with the 8 bit digitizer since each 8 bit sample is represented by 8 bits one byte on disk rather than the 16 bits two bytes used in the default 16 bit integer format This memory savings is not conferred to waves recorded with the 16 bit digitizer or the MacSpeech Lab I II hardware Note that SoundScope 16 software supports 8 12 and 16 bit Audio IFF files whereas SoundScope 8 supports 8 and 12 bit Audio IFF files only File Formats B 1 SuperScop
136. el Silent returns a wave that indicates where speech a speech waveform is silent The points in the result wave occur at a 100 sample sec rate and are set to 1 when silent and 0 otherwise For details see the SoundScope Manual s appendix on speech analysis techniques See also UnVoiced and Voiced silent Silent speech Functions amp Operators Sin al Parameters Description Definition Example SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Sine al wave channel or scalar Sin returns the sine of the parameter If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned Angle values are expected to be in radians This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n sin al n for a wave or a channel Result sin al fora scalar Wave Sine d1 di 4 0 e 2 O i E 2 4 Wave 1 he A 0 5 Fa s 0 ig K 0 5 e Functions 4 Operators 7 69 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Smooth dl Parameters Description Definition Example oints Smooth Wave dl wave or channel pointsscalar integer Smooth returns a smoothed copy of the parameter as d1 Smoothing is performed by averaging each point in the parameter with its points 1 neighbors For example smoothing with points equal to 3 produces a 3 point moving average of the parameter wave Note that points sh
137. ence 8 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Edit field shows the record number that is currently viewed 1 total of Records The user presses the adjacent Record arrows to increment or decrement to the next record A year s worth of data could be stored in one database and the user could easily create tasks that search for trends and compile reports Database support typically requires the following buttons New DB creates a new database folder and attaches the datapipe to that folder Open DB opens an existing database folder Add Record adds a record to the database folder i e saves a collection of waves and journals to the database in the RECORDNUMBER OBJECT filename format and the Record Field shows the current record number and provides a control to move to any record 5 Documentation The user expands the Help journal to describe who built the instrument what the instrument does how each button is used the science behind the experiment and the hardware setup For an example of a nicely documented instrument please see the Eye Movement Analyzer instrument Also please see the SS2 Sos Documentation Standard file for more details on how to do this Please please please document your instruments for yourself and others especially if you are a temporary employee 6 Publish In this optional phase the user publishes their heavily documented instrument This involves sending it to GW Instruments who distributes
138. ence Manual USER INTERFACE Monitor Keyboard amp Mouse Illustration Description Parameters User Interface Transfer mouse H to mouse H i mouse neue aoe Variable 2 O key press i Ostring Bptipns This instruction is used to monitor the X Y position of the mouse the status of the mouse button up or down and the status of the keyboard i e the last keypress Results are sent to journals waves variables strings markers and controls For details on how to use this dialog please see the Transfer Dialog discussion at the beginning of this chapter mouse X is the current horizontal position of the mouse in pixel coordinates The left edge of the screen is pixel 0 mouse Y is the current vertical position of the mouse in pixel coordinates The top edge of the screen is pixel 0 mouse status is the status of the mouse button 0 000 for mouse up and 1 000 for mouse down key press is the ASCII value of the last keypress If a key has not yet been pressed 0 000 is returned In order for this instruction to be routed key press information Allow mouse and keyboard activity must be disabled in the Task Options dialog press the Options button in the Task Editor If this is not done key presses are routed to the front panel Please refer to the following table for a list of ASCII character codes Instructions ASCII Codes Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual The
139. ens a Help Window Choose New under Journal change the Name to Help set the Position popup to Window set the Font popup to Monaco 12 set the Mode popup to Word Processing select the Save contents with instrument file checkbox press OK to exit the Journal Options dialog reposition the Journal window over the front panel type your documentation into this window click the Help journal s close box to hide it choose New under Task to create a task and open the Task Editor rename the task Help drag the Choose Menu instruction from the Instruction Dictionary into the Task region to open the Choose Menu dialog set the Menu popup to Edit and the Command popup to Show Help to choose Show Help under Edit when executed press OK to exit the Choose Menu instruction press OK to exit the Task Editor and then create a button that runs this task as described earlier Step By Step Design Reference 8 7 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual DISPLAYS Displays reside on the front panel and are used to view waveforms and show calculation results They are extremely versatile with many customizable attributes such as horizontal vertical scroll position controls labels waves markers and much more Displays can be positioned on the front panel in any pattern and in any number space permitting Each can contain up to 8 waves and supports mouse driven cut copy paste of wave snippets For more details refer to the Displays discussion in Ch
140. ent Designer To copy a description of the current menubar to the clipboard press Option p To copy all menubars press Option Shift P Edit Menubar is used to create define and modify entire menubars Edit Menubar opens the Custom Menubar _ Full Menubar Editor which is a powerful environment wets gt Name Full Delete for defining your own menubar and hence designing your own menu driven application Menu program Show default text Task One can create a menubar bar by choosing New OU ene eae lresk gt Menubar in the Custom Menubar pop up Menus O Hide menu are easily deleted by pressing the Delete button while they are selected in the pop up at the top of the p Item User Item 1 dialog E O Show default text User Item 1 Show custom text Say Hello One can have an unlimited number of menubars one Hide item of which is always in use as specified by Choose Ba Run Task Menubar under Edit In the Menubar Editor selecting Use Default Text causes the default menu or menu item text to appear Selecting Use Custom text allows you to rename a menu or menu item Selecting Hide allows you to hide a menu or menu item Selecting New User Item in the Item pop up causes a new menu item to appear at the end of the menu This new item can then be renamed hidden or setup to run a task when selected Tasks provide the functionality for user defined menu items Option Shift M will open the
141. ent based on W1 between the two markers as described earlier setting one marker to 0 01 via the Assignment task instruction positioned at the beginning of the task i e Marker M1 0 01 setting the other marker to 0 02 via another Assignment instruction and adding a Statistics instruction after Digitize Scan that calculates the RMS value in the segment and transfers the result to another object i e a wave or journal one result value per scan 8 14 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual VARIABLES AND STRINGS Variables are used to hold one 32 bit floating point value e g 16 2 3 1 34e6 and Strings are used to hold a series of characters of any length memory permitting e g hi 1 2 These objects are easily created renamed and deleted and their data is easily viewed and edited Many task instructions transfer data to and from variables and strings To create delete edit or view a string Choose Edit anyTask under Task to open the Task Editor and then press the S button in the upper left to open the String dialog To create a new string press the New button or choose New String in the uppermost popup menu To rename a string edit the Name field To delete select in the uppermost popup and then press the Delete button An Edit area is provided to view edit cut copy or paste a string s text To create delete edit or view a variable Variables are handled in the
142. ept they look for wave crossing the threshold in a negative direction That is when the wave travels from threshold 5 hysteresis to threshold 5 hysteresis First Valley and Next Valley are used to find local minimums in a wave A valley is defined as Marker the minimum point between a downstroke and upstroke about the threshold value as illustrated in the adjacent figure For example the task below uses First Valley Wave Points to move to the first Loop 5 times local minimum and Move M1 to next valley of Fo then uses Next Harker Hi amp wave Fo intersection value to J1 Valley to move to Loop end the next five minimums The Log Marker instruction logs the six local minima values to J1 First Peak and Next Peak are similar to First and Next Valley except they look for local maximums instead of local minimums Next Value is used to move to the next upstroke or next downstroke whichever occurs first Absolute Time X moves the marker to the time specified in the X Time edit field Relative Time X moves the marker forward i e to the right by the amount specified in the X Offset edit field If the target position is to the right of the last waveform point the marker is set to the last point To avoid this last point limitation use the scalar arithmetic instruction to move the marker e g marker M1 marker M1 5 Use Variable allows the user to select a variable to specify the amount a marker is to
143. er Control and then select the desired object in the submenu When the Control Options dialog appears set the Name the initial value 1 on 0 off for switches and buttons and attributes accessed via submenus at the base of the dialog To run a task when a button is clicked or a control is moved click the On MouseUp run desiredTask checkbox If you are creating button and can tolerate the repositioning of all front panel objects in the Assist Format use option A otherwise B A Press the Assist button and then press OK to exit the Assist dialog B Press OK choose Panel Edit On under Display resize and reposition the front panel objects as desired and then choose Panel Edit Off under Display To adjust control s or indicator s attributes Hold down both the db and Option keys and then click on the control or indicator s main body A submenu will appear with a list of attributes To show or hide a Label choose Show Hide Label in the submenu To show or hide a Digital Readout choose Show Hide Digital Readout in the submenu To adjust the range of a meter or slider choose Data Range To show or hide a scale for a meter or slider choose Show Hide Ruler To show or hide a buttons choose Show Hide Arrow To show or hide a border choose Show Hide Border To open the Options dialog choose Options To modify a control s or indicator s label Hold down both the de and Option keys and then press the mouse on the control or
144. es true or false and entered Off On into the Displayed Label dialog then whenever the button was pressed in the label would read On and whenever the button was out it would read Off 3 30 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter 4 Programming SuperScope II provides an easy to use environment called Tasking by which one explicitly defines acquisition analysis archival and presentation functionality From this Tasking environment each of which can be created edited viewed and run These Tasks consist of a list of instructions which are executed in a top to bottom sequence Each instruction is not typed however as done in traditional textual programming environment instead each instruction has an associated dialog box from which the user specifies in detail the instruction s functionality with easy to use pop up menus check boxes radio buttons and edit fields These dialogs appear when one initially adds an instruction to a task and when one edits an instruction by double clicking on it in the Task area Instructions are added to a task by dragging one from the Instruction Dictionary Instructions are deleted from a task by selecting them and pressing the Delete key Instructions are moved from one position in a task to another via the standard cut copy amp paste clipboard features and modified by double clicking with the mouse An example instruction is the Calculate Wave instruction which
145. es the Comments box to appear which provides a The Menubar 3 13 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual place to keep notes with each display The Controls Features and Labels buttons lead to dialog boxes that are used to adjust visual attributes and controls in each display The Marker button leads to a dialog that is used to create rename and dispose of markers and segments For more information on Controls Features Labels and Markers please see their respective sections in the next few pages Please refer to the Front Panel chapter for a labeled illustration of displays markers and segments Delete disposes of the display selected in the delete submenu Once a wave is deleted it s gone Unless it was saved there is no recall Move shifts a display moves a marker or i both For displays the first Position option shifts love Display the contents by the specified amount To move left enter a positive number to move right enter a negative number Note that moving the display contents left is equivalent to pushing an imaginary piece of graph paper to the left An unfortunate Position but arguably unavoidable subtlety of the o D secs left Macintosh user interface is that moving left is To the 0 000 iti equivalent to scrolling right The second option E Ene A sets the left edge of the display to the specified O To marker value and the third sets the left edge to the marker pos
146. espectively Other values are left unchanged This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks d1 n if Lthresh lt d1 n lt Uthresh Definition Result n Lthresh if d1 n lt Lthresh Uthresh if d1 n gt Uthresh Example Wave Limit argl 5 4 argi Wave 7 42 Functions amp Operators Ln a1 Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Natural Logarithm al wave channel or scalar The Ln function returns a wave equal to the natural logarithm base e of the parameter If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned In 0 is defined as INF negative infinity with 32bit floating point results and 32768 internally for 16bit integer results In lt 0 is defined as NAN not a number with 32bit floating point results and 16420 internally for 16bit integer results This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks In a1 n for a wave or channel In al for a scalar Result n Result Wave Ln argl ard 10 a SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Log10 al Parameters Description Definition Example Base 10 Logarithm al wave channel or scalar The Log100 function returns the common base 10 logarithm of the parameter If al is a wave or channel the cal
147. etJournal checkbox to specify that the maximum value of W1 is to be sent to the journal when the task is run press OK press OK to exit the Task Editor and then press the Acquire button to run the task and build a two column table Notice that you can obtain 10 different parameters in the Statistics dialog e g avg min max Also notice that each parameter could be transferred to any of the following objects wave journal variable string marker control or indicator This means that one Statistics instruction could cause up to 60 transfers To Save Load Clear or Print a journal Choose Save As Load Text Clear or Print Y desiredJournal under Journal 8 10 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual WAVES CHANNELS SEGMENTS amp SELECTED A wave is a list of numbers which when plotted show a waveform Waves can be digitized synthesized analyzed edited viewed used to hold the results of analysis saved to disk and sent to the clipboard as a text column of numbers Typical instruments have 3 to 10 waves There are four kinds of waves Normal Channels Segments and Selected Almost all task instructions treat these the same they are all a list of numbers A Segment is a section of another wave between two markers and is defined in the Marker dialog under Display with a Name two bounding markers and a source wave The Selected wave is the section of another wave that has been gr
148. eters are shown with a box around them press OK to exit the Pulse Analysis dialog press OK to exit the Task Editor and then run the task to test your work 2 To transfer to a wave Press the Transfer button in the Pulse Analysis dialog select a calculation parameter in the list area select a wave in the Transfer To area to receive the calculated parameter if you don t have a free wave available create one by exiting the task choosing New under Wave and then reentering press the adjacent Wave Options button adjust the options as desired however the default settings are OK 99 of the time with wave point N reflecting pulse N set the Wave Size field to the maximum of expected pulses press OK press OK to exit the Transfers dialog press OK press OK to exit the Task Editor and then run the task to test your work Note that you can calculate any or all of the 25 pulse parameters on any of the incoming waves If the Pulse Analysis instruction undesirably sends pulse numbers to a journal deselect the Log pulse number checkbox in the Pulse Analysis dialog a To place the pulse analysis output wave e g a list of amplitudes one point per pulse into a new display choose New under Display drag the pulse parameter wave into the Display area press OK and then reposition via Panel Edit On Off under Display To plot dots in the new parameter display to see a dot appear when the pulse is received choose Features newDisplay under Disp
149. existing datapipes and a New Datapipe command Selecting New Datapipe causes a datapipe to be created and selecting an existing datapipe causes 1t s options box to appear shown below 3 2 The Menubar The upper most pop up menu determines which datapipe is being viewed The Name field allows you to change the name of the datapipe If the Turn On and Off box is enabled the datapipe can be switched on and off during task execution by hitting the keys Command U U Files saved and loaded via datapipe proceed normally if the datapipe is On otherwise the file transfers do not occur This is useful if you are recording and want to save or not save a particular interesting range of data The datapipe s pathname is shown in the Folder area For example in the above dialog the datapipe points to folder SS II tutorial Inst s inside folder SS2 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual O Turn on and off with 3 U gswHD 552 src 55 11 tutorial Inst s Cancel if OK src which resided in the gswHD hard disk To modify the pathname press the Folder button Delete Datapipe causes a submenu to appear with a list of all currently defined datapipes Selecting a datapipe from the submenu causes SuperScope II to first issue a warning and then upon receiving your confirmation delete the datapipe from memory Datapipe Folder Delete File lets you change the folder
150. ext Copy Task Undo Z is used by desk accessories to undo the last command Copy Display Cut X removes the selected wave data or text placing it on the Copy Wave Tent Clipboard Copy Wave Graph Copy C places the selected data on the Clipboard without altering Choose Menubar original Edit Menubar Paste V is used in a number of ways In a wave if the cursor is a cross hair i e Mouse Edit is selected under Display Paste inserts the wave data stored in the Clipboard at the cursor position It inserts nothing if the Clipboard contains non numerical text If part of the wave is selected the Clipboard data overwrites the selection If the Clipboard contains non numerical text Paste has the same effect as Clear Le it deletes the selection without inserting any data in its place In a journal Paste inserts the text stored in the Clipboard at the cursor position It inserts a the wave values if the Clipboard contains wave data If some text is already selected the Clipboard data overwrites the selection Clear removes the selected wave data or text without altering the contents of the Clipboard Select Al1 A selects all data in the active display or journal Show will bring a different window to the front creating it if Front Panel necessary As with most Macintosh applications Show gt Clipboard Clipboard opens a window onto the Clipboard data Cursor Show gt Cursor presents a window shown to the right
151. fer dialog can be used to send any combination and number of parameters to any combination of journals waves variables strings controls and markers Recall that markers are like variables since they contain one value which is often a time The Wave Variable Journal String Control and Marker checkboxes enable the transfer of values to or from the object Journal Transfer Options selected in the adjacent pop up menu Pressing the W V J S C and M buttons opens the Wave Variable Journal String Precision High Control and Marker Options boxes respectively The box opens Medium for the first object in each list e g given W1 W2 and W3 Low pressing the W button opens the W1 Options box and if there are zero items in the list a new object is created and it s Options box is opened Pop up menus at the top of each Options box enable the user to easily move from one object to another e g from Cancel wave W1 to W2 The Options buttons open dialogs that specify exactly how the value is transferred Increasing journal tab spacing Can increase precision The Journal Transfer Options dialog sets the numerical precision used to High 0 5993839 transfer values to journals High prints with 7 digits after the decimal Medium Med ium 0 598 with 3 digits and Low with 1 An example is illustrated to the right Low fe 1 The Variable Transfer Options dialog determines if the variable s units label e g Volt m
152. finds 10V O time 3 and 9V O time 8 di timeLis Wave oO M E mW mM wo Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual UnVoiced speech Calculate Unvoiced Regions in Speech Parameters Description Example speech wave or channel UnVoiced returns a wave that indicates where speech a speech waveform is unvoiced e g fricatives The points in the result wave occur at a 100 sample sec rate and are set to 1 when unvoiced and O otherwise For details see the SoundScope Manual s appendix on speech analysis techniques See also Silent and Voiced unvoiced UnVoiced speech 5S ivi Functions amp Operators 7 77 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Voiced speech Calculate Voiced Regions in Speech Parameters speech wave or channel Description Voiced returns a wave that indicates where speech a speech waveform is voiced The points in the result wave occur at a 100 sample sec rate and are set to 1 when voiced and 0 otherwise For details see the SoundScope Manual s appendix on speech analysis techniques See also UnVoiced and Silent Example voiced Voiced speech 7 78 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter 8 Step By Step Design Reference These step by step instructions provide a roadmap for building SuperScope II instruments They assume the reader is proficient with the Macintosh and has gained a basic under
153. folder and prompt for name press OK double click on the Assignment instruction set up the Control Record Value 0 transfer press OK press OK to close the Task Editor create a button called New DB that runs the New DB task as described previously 4 Create Record variable Choose Edit anyTask under Task press the V button press the New button set the Name to Record press OK and then press OK to exit the Task Editor 5 Create Add Rec button Choose New under Task and set the Name to Add Rec Use the Programming Comment Arithmetic Assignment Programming Comment and Disk I O instructions to set up the following task Task Begin Increment to next record Control Record 1 000 Control Record Variable Record Control Record Save waves journals to disk Save wave W1 to disk Save journal Notes to disk The Disk I O instructions are used to save waves and journals to disk In the example above each database record contains one wave W1 file and one journal Notes file although what you keep in your database record is completely up to you After each time you open the Disk I O instruction dialog choose Save wave journal objectName press the Options button select the Prefix file name with value Record checkbox to tell it to prefix the filename with the record number press OK press the File button choose the datapipe in the lower right corner to tell it to save to the pipe location press Save amp then
154. following table shows each keyboard character and it s associated ASCII code Fi o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 a t1 NS Se Soe an o2237 30 stor od SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual USER PROMPT Illustration Description Custom Alert User Prompt Message Do you cook with gas E Response No cook electric gt Baton E Left Button Nope button therwise String retUalue is loaded with response tent This instruction shows a custom alert with an optional response Do you cook with gas field and an optional Cancel button For example the above instruction results in the alert pictured below it The alert message default response text Left button text and Right button text are all specified with fields in the instruction dialog If the Response checkbox is enabled a response field is shown in the alert If the Left Button checkbox is enabled a Cancel button is shown in the alert Upon exiting the custom alert string retValue is loaded with the response text if applicable Also variable error is loaded with 1 if the Right button was pressed and 2 if the Left button was pressed Since all instructions set the error variable you must copy it to another variable e g variable temp variable error via the Assignment instruction immediately after the User Prompt instruction since it gets trampled on each instruction Instructions Instructions SuperScope II amp So
155. form scalar wave or channel with the same sample rate etc This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Definition Result n d1 n if dl is a wave or channel Result n d1 if d1 is a scalar X is defined as the integer that is closest to X Example Wave Int d1 O mete HHAH 1 neonate E 7 32 Functions amp Operators Integ d1 Parameters Description Definition Example SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Integrate i e return sum to date dl wave or channel The Integ function computes the indefinite integral of the parameter wave The values returned by Integ are in units of vertical engineering units horizontal engineering units For example the area under d1 1 2 3V with a 50us sample period would be 1 2 3 50e 6 0 0003 Volts e Seconds Beware that overflow or underflow could occur if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks See also IntegA V IntegPT IntegTLO and IntegTV n Result n Yd1 j j 1 Wave Integ d1 d s sample period is Isec AS 0 AAA E 4 7 10 E 16 19 che B m E g E Functions amp Operators 7 33 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope
156. g Trigger source amp method Specified in the Trigger Settings dialog which is opened by choosing Trigger under the instruNet menu Refer to Chapter 2 of the instruNet User s manual for details on the Trigger Settings dialog Data Acquisition 5 5 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual 5 6 Data Acquisition SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter 6 Instructions SuperScope II provides over 30 programming instructions These are accessed in the Task Editor and are used to construct tasks For details on how to create and edit tasks please see the Programming chapter and the Task discussion in The Menubar chapter This chapter describes each instruction in detail Many instructions use pop up menus to Move Marker customize a sentence For example Move Marker moves the specified marker to the first Move to of wave peak first maximum first value etc of a specified wave as illustrated to the right When the user presses OK in the instruction dialog the instruction is inserted into the task and represented with one line of text e g Move MZ to first peak of Voiced Instructions are very smart and will not let you press OK if they are not setup properly OK becomes gray One can press Cancel at any time to abort the creating of a new instruction or to reverse changes to an existing instruction If an instruction becomes non executable after it is created it s text is suffixed with gt gt gt SETUP
157. ge polynomial of fourth degree about each point argl n to compute the derivative at that point 1 Result n 77 arg1 n 2 8 argl1 n 1 8 arg1 n 1 arg1 n 2 Wave DerivFivePt argl Argl 10 DONADO m m a Functions amp Operators Exp al Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Exponential al wave channel or scalar Exp calculates powers of e 2 71828 the base of natural logarithms If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n eal n for a wave or channel Result eal for a scalar Wave Exp argl arg 4 4 a 2 pt ar 2 Wave 45 ES 30 a E 15 Pe SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Expand d1 scale Make Wave More Dense Parameters d1 wave or channel scale scalar integer Description The Expand function returns a wave which is similar to the parameter d1 but Example appears to have a sampling rate a factor of scale faster than the sampling rate of d1 Scale can be a non integer e g 1 055 is OK and must be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 32 768 New points are calculated by interpolating between existing points The result will always be scale times as long as d1 Each poi
158. gn Reference 8 17 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual POLYMORPHISM IS KEY Most task instructions transfer individual values one number to and from waves journals variables markers strings controls and indicators SuperScope II is polymorphic in that it allows one to transfer values between objects of different types A marker s value is its position a control s value is its setting and a wave s scalar value is one point in that wave as specified in the Wave Transfers Options dialog When the numeric value of a journal or string is sought its text is scanned until a number is found and that s its value If a number is not found 0 0 is used When a numerical value is transferred to a string it is transferred in text form e g 1 23 becomes 1 23 When numerical values are transferred to a Journal a table is built where columns are formed for each parameter and a new row is formed each time another transfer occurs Polymorphism also works with strings The General String instruction appends copies inserts or compares text between two source objects and places the text result in a destination object In the case of Journal and String objects text is read or written directly however when the numeric based objects are read their values are converted to text e g 12 33 becomes 12 33 Also when a numeric based object is set with text the text is scanned for a number and if one is not found 0 0 is used
159. gram of the instruNet Users s manual 2 Notice we chose New Digitizer under Task instead of New under Task New Digitizer creates a task with bolded template instructions that digitize as set up under the Hardware menu whereas New creates a task without these and therefore does not contain the framework to do the oscilloscope or strip chart instrument Instruments typically have one Digitizer task and several non Digitizer tasks To save an instrument to disk Choose Save under File to save an instrument description to disk The instrument is loaded by choosing Open under File or by double clicking its file from the Finder It is a good idea to repeatedly Save As instruments with a new filename while doing instrument design e g file names osc 1 osc 2 etc To digitize Press the Acquire button 8 4 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual To stop the Acquire Task Choose Stop Acquire under Task To adjust the Digitize Scan Trigger Choose Trigger under Hardware adjust the trigger parameters as desired and then press OK Note that NORM waits until an analog input channel crosses a threshold in a specific direction Pos or Neg AUTO is similar to NORM yet falls through after several seconds if no trigger is received To set individual channel parameters i e filters gain Choose Network View Page under instruNet to open the instruNet Network Page Set individual channel
160. h These pieces are called waveforms and generally range in size from 500 to 10 000 points yet are limited by the amount of available memory in the computer All incoming data points are stored in waveforms of type 32 bit floating point and all analysis are done with waves of type 32 bit floating point 32 bit floating point waves consume 4 bytes of RAM per data point A computer with 16 MByte of RAM might use 4 MB of RAM for the operating system System 7 or newer and 3 5 MB of RAM for SuperScope II which would leave 8 5 MB remaining for waveform storage In this situation enough memory would be available for one 32 bit wave of 2 125 000 points 2 125 M 8 5M 4 or twenty 32 bit waves can be a combination waves containing acquired data and analysis waves each of length 106 250 points 106 M 8 5M 20 4 The computer s microprocessor typically takes 1 to 100 usec to plot a point or perform a mathematical operation e g subsequently plotting a wave of length 10K might take 001 to 1 seconds and saving a wave of length 10K to hard disk might take 1 to 10 seconds Sample rates i e time between adjacent digitized samples are limited by instruNet hardware and are specified in the instruNet User s manual SuperScope II will not allow the user to select an invalid sample rate and will set it to the closest valid setting if one is requested USES OF SUPERSCOPE II SuperScope II is generally used in one of four different ways as an os
161. he Length edit field is used to specify the of points in the synthesized wave the maximum being that permitted by available memory The wave is loaded with synthesized data when the user presses the OK or Do It button Calculate is used to perform waveform calculations Over 80 functions and operators e g fft cos are supported The calculation takes place only when the Do It button is pressed For details on this dialog box please consult the Calculate Wave instruction which is identical to the Calculate command under the Wave menu in SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual synthesize uw Periodic 10 000 Volt amplitude 8 Sine Square Triangle Ramp Constant o Guassian Uolt rms noise O Uniform 10 000 Uolt random noise J e ooo Man 0 000 Source a Bins 0 000 Min 0 000 Use Variables Help View Data Do It Cancel Chapter 6 Instructions For details on each function please refer to Chapter 7 Functions amp Operators Filter is used to run a low pass high pass band stop band pass or user defined FIR filter on a wave segment or selection For details on this dialog box please consult the Filter instruction which is identical to the Filter command under the Wave menu in Chapter 6 The Menubar Type Filter Selected Smoother ham Freq Cutoff of sample rate Boundaries zero pad
162. he original data e g expand wave horizontally by x4 and place zeros 3 out of every 4 points and then low pass filtering The Compress and Expand functions described in the Functions amp Operators chapter can be used to change a sample rate slightly less than 15 Changing rates drastically via these two functions will result in aliasing Sample rate conversion can be done several times on the same wave to achieve a non standard conversion rate For example one could do 400 twice to achieve 1600 Or one could take a 44 1 Ks sec wave do 25 to get to 11 025Ks sec and then do Compress wave 1 1025 in a task to get 10Ks sec data The Low Pass HAM option convolves the wave in the top most pop up menu with a hamming window and therefore implements a rough low pass filter It s transfer function follows a sin f f shape with a stopband 43dB down from it s pass band Smoothing convolves the wave in the top most pop up menu with a rectangular window and therefore calculates a moving average of it s points For example 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 convolved with 5 5 produces 3 2 5 2 7 2 7 2 5 2 3 2 Smoothing is much faster than the other filters and is often used to smooth a noisy waveform It s transfer function follows a sin f f shape and with a stopband 12dB down from it s pass band i e it is a very rough low pass filter Instructions Custom Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual To run
163. hift equal to half the number of coefficients is induced i e phase shift source wave sample period of coefficients 1 For example in the above illustration a low pass FIR filter with 99 taps is setup to run on wave Fo If Fo is a 10 000 point 16bit integer wave roughly 99 10K 99M multiply and accumulate calculations are made On a Macintosh IIfx this takes approximately 1 second lus per multiply and accumulate not bad In this example the pass band is 98 dB down from the stop band and the 3dB down point is 25 times the sample rate Therefore if Fo is a 10 Vpp i e amplitude peak to peak sine at 1 sample rate plus a 10Vpp sine at 5 sample rate the first sine will remain untouched and the second sine will be attenuated 98dB to 00012Vpp 98dB 20 log10 10 00012 Low Pass passes low frequencies and attenuates high whereas High Pass passes high frequencies and attenuates low The Freq Cutoff pop up shows several choices each of which correspond to a filter installed in the application Expect the number of installed filters to grow The Change Sample Rate feature is used to change the sample rate of a wave without adversely effect it s data Several conversion rates are offered in the New Rate pop up menu e g 25 50 200 400 Down sampling is implemented by first low pass filtering and then tossing unwanted points e g toss 3 out of every 4 Up sampling is implemented by zero inserting t
164. his database and then type 4 in the Record field to see the 4th record You re done Step By Step Design Reference 8 21 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual WORKING WITH TASKS To debug a task 1 Create Task80 Journal Choose New under Journal set the Name to Task80 choose Window in the Position popup to specify a journal with its own window press OK to exit the Journal Options dialog resize the new window to be approximately 7 wide without overlapping the front panel if possible and then run a task One line will be printed to the Task80 journal each time an instruction is executed showing the instruction text and what it did Study this printout to get an idea of what your task is doing Choose Clear Task80 under Journal to clear the journal To turn this feature off change the name of the Task80 journal e g to Task80ff by choosing Options Task80 under Journal 2 Step through task Choose Edit desiredTask to open the Task Editor and then press the Step button in the upper right corner to execute each task instruction one line per button press An arrow at the Editor left edge will show you where you are in the execution of the task Debugging involves viewing waves journals variables strings markers and displays via the W J V S M and D buttons before and after instruction executions The W button for example opens the Wave Options dialog and from here one can press the Edit button to open the Va
165. ialog Load Text reads from disk the contents of a text file that you select with the standard File dialog and places the text into the specified journal Page Setup presents the standard page setup dialog for the current printer Print presents the standard print dialog and then prints the journal contents The Menubar 3 21 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Task Menu SuperScope II tasks let you set up sequences of events such as data New T acquisition analysis presentation printing and file I O Tasks are composed A aai of instructions and each instruction has it s own dialog box for complete N eu Digitizer point and click access to every option For additional details on tasks please Edit see the Programming and Data Acquisition Chapters Delete To copy a task s text to the clipboard choose Copy Task under Edit to copy the texts of all tasks to the clipboard choose Shift Option O Task text is not a functional description of a task since many settings are not included it Save As is to be used only as a reference New T creates a new task and then opens the Task Editor dialog described below Tasks opened with New do not involve the digitizer specified under the Hardware menu Continue New Digitizer creates anew Task that is based on the settings in the instruNet menu The instruNet menu is used to create input and output channels set channel parameters filter
166. intosh print dialog similar to the one Copies I Pages All From To shown to the right You may Cover Page No O First Page Last Page simply click OK or hit the Return key to print Refer to your printer documentation for Print Black E White Color Grayscale detailed explanations of the Destination Printer O PostScript File available settings Paper Source E Paper Cassette O Manual Feed _Print_ Quit Q leaves SoundScope returning you to the Finder the desktop All changes that have not been saved will be lost Be careful there is no warning prompt The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Edit Menu As with most Macintosh applications the Edit menu contains ndo commands to edit information and place data on the Clipboard for exchange with other software It also lets you show or hide the Clipboard and other objects Since waves are represented as a column of numbers separated by carriage returns one can easily move wave data between SuperScope Il spreadsheets word processors and graphics programs To select part of a wave with the mouse make sure that the Mouse mode under the Display menu has been set to Edit Then click once to select the display that contains the wave of interest Finally drag over any part of the wave highlighting your selection To select text in a journal click once on the journal then double click on a word or drag over any amount of t
167. ions under Wave menu and click the Points button Also choose Options under Journal For more information see the wave and journal discussion later in this Manual Saving wave and journal contents with the instrument is a convenient way of letting you start up exactly where you left off Note that this additional information can increase the instrument size greatly Save As prompts for a file name and location with the standard File dialog and then saves the instrument to disk Option Shift S will bring up the Save As dialog What is a Datapipe A datapipe is a reference to a folder on a hard disk or floppy disk Technically a datapipe is a pathname to a folder Think of it as a pipe through which you send data between SuperScope II and a folder on disk Datapipes are often used to access folders from within tasks where the name of the folder may change with each experiment The Datapipe instruction can be used to create a new data folder and to attach a datapipe to that folder The Disk I O instruction could then be used to push data into the datapipe and ultimately into the new folder Datapipes like other SuperScope II objects are created deleted and named To view or modify a datapipe s folder choose Datapipe Folder under File Datapipe is used to adjust and view the datapipe pathname edit the datapipe name and enable disable the datapipe on off U feature Choosing Datapipe causes a submenu to appear with a lists of
168. is case the user must either fix the instruction by doing what is necessary to repair it or give up and delete the task To force immediate execution of the instruction one can press the Do It button Do It is not always allowed since the instruction might require the front panel to be visible In these cases Do It is disabled i e it becomes gray Bold faced template instructions e g Task Begin are permanent they cannot be moved or deleted Certain instructions cannot be used in an area where data is collected point by point consequently when dragging the instruction insertion point will not appear within the point loop The task name is changed by typing a unique one to eight character name in the Name edit field Pressing the C J M S V W buttons at the upper left of the Task Editor opens the Control Journal Marker String Variable and Wave Options boxes respectively The box opens for the first object in each s 1 w list e g given W1 W2 and W3 pressing the W button opens the W1 Options box and if there are zero items in the list a new object is TOSE Pedin i created and it s Options box is opened Pop up menus at the top of Move HS to absolute time each Options box enable the user to easily move from one object to Mowe M3 to next maximum another e g from wave W1 to W2 The Go Step and Stop buttons at the Task Editor upper right are used to e and debug tasks Go executes a task while the Task
169. it the object s value the Name field is used to view and edit the object s name and the Units field is used to view and edit the objects engineering units label In the above dialog variable X is shown as containing 1 2 6 4 Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual ALERT BEEP OR DELAY Prompt User Illustration Description Instructions Alert Beep Delay O Beep O Stop task O Break out of Scan Loop O Increment Scan Number O Wait for mouse down 3 Wait for mouse up O Wait for key press O Delay for 2 000000 seconds O 5ynchonize to 1 000000 second intervals O Use Variables Alert Beep Or Delay is used to sound a beep show a message in an alert stop the task wait until the mouse button is pressed wait until the mouse button is released wait for a specific key press freeze for a specified duration or synchronize to a specified duration Beep causes the computer to beep for 3 seconds The task freezes during this time Stop task causes the task to come to a halt This is similar to choosing Stop under Task Continue is allowed Break out of Scan Loop causes the task to break out of a Point or Scan loop and continue with instructions after these loops Increment Scan Number causes the task to increment the scan loop count by 1 For instance if a task is running throughout the third scan of a total of 10 scans and this instruction is executed the next scan done will be scan 5 instead of
170. ition For markers the first Position option moves the marker by the specified amount To move left enter a positive number to move right enter a negative number The second option moves the marker to the specified value and the third to the position of another marker a Edit modes Edit Draw Move Marker Log 1 Coords or Vertical Adjust In each mode the Draw 82 operation of the mouse relates to a single wave Move Marker 3 in a display that has been selected Ifa Log Coords oF display includes more than one wave and you need to operate on a wave other than the first Vertical Adjust 35 as viewed in the Contents list of the Display Options dialog wave labels must be visible To enable wave labels select Features from the Display menu which is available in the Full Menubar and click on the Add Wave Labels checkbox The first four letters of each wave name are shown in the wave label area and clicking on a wave label selects that wave for mouse work Mouse is used to select one of five mouse Edit 1 is the most commonly used mode and is automatically selected when you first launch SoundScope In this mode you can Cut Copy and Paste sections of a wave much like one would edit text in a word processor i e by dragging the mouse over the area of interest The selected portion is highlighted and magically becomes a waveform of its own called Selected The Selected wave appears in wave submenus shares dat
171. journal data to a wave Save Wave or Journal to Disk and Load Wave or Journal from Disk are identical to choosing Save As or Load As under Wave or Journal respectively For details please see the discussion of these commands in The Menubar chapter The File button in the Disk I O instruction is used to access the standard File Open or Save dialog It is from here that one chooses a file name and location as done in any file VO operation The Save Load Wave Journal Options File Options button is used to open the e ee O Prefix file name with incrementing integer one can specify that an E Prefix file name with value v1 incrementing integer be E Prefix file name with value _v2 prefixed to the file name E Prefix file name with value 13 e g file myFile is stored a under file name 000001 E Upon file error show an alert myFile on the first save 000002 myFile on the second save etc This is helpful if you want to hold many scans in a database like format in one folder for analysis post acquisition You can also specify that 1 2 or 3 variable values be prefixed to a file name e g 0000055 0000020 0000230 W1 This provides the ability to create a 1 2 or 3 dimensional database of wave and or journal files The Upon file error show an alert checkbox is used to enable error reporting And if Upon file error shop all running tasks is checked all tasks are stopped upon incurring a file I O error Database
172. l and will cause a string to terminate immediately For example transferring Oabc to a string will cause it to receive Beware If you are having trouble with RS 232 your problem may be caused by the external device not having time to respond to your queries To combat this you can add a delay before ALL RS 232 input and output operations with the _ioDelay variable If a variable exists by the name _ioDelay and it s value is non zero then SuperScope II will introduce a delay before ALL RS 232 input and output operations that is the duration of the _ioDelay variable in units of seconds If you are having trouble and want to learn more about RS 232 we recommend Instructions Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual The RS 232 Solution How To Use Your Serial Port Second Edition By Joe Cambell Published by Sybex Computer Books ISBN 0 89588 488 7 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual RUNTIME NOTES Journals Runtime Notes amp Markers Illustration Description 6 44 Runtime Notes e Scroll to the es O Move a to the next note O Move marker Mi to the next note E that contains tent 3 Runtime Notes is used to move a marker to a note to move a marker to a note that contains a string to insert at note in a journal at a time defined by the position of a marker or to select a note in a journal at a time defined by the position of a maker Scroll to the marker p
173. l to that done with one 10K point scan For details on the which functions support seamless scans please see the Seams amp Things Appendix Instructions Pulse Characteristics See Also Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Pulse characteristics are summarized below For an illustration of these please see the figure in the pulse analysis dialog box min max vl amp v2 max2 min2 areal area2 avg avg2 tl 12 t3 t4 t5 tmax otl or2 or3 otmax slopel slope2 tcl tc2 minimum value between tl and t3 maximum value between t3 and t5 set relative to min and max via parameters in the Detection dialog box maximum value between tl and t2 minimum value between t3 and t4 area bounded above by v1 below by the pulse and on either side by tl and t2 area bounded on the left by t2 on the right by t5 from below by v1 and above by the pulse average value of the pulse between times t1 and t2 average value of the pulse between times t3 and t4 time of the first downward crossing of v1 time of second upward crossing of v1 time of the first upward crossing of v2 time of the first downward crossing of v2 time of the first downward crossing of v1 after t4 this usually occurs during the next pulse time of maximum between t3 and t4 2 tl t5 t2 t5 tl time between tmax of two adjacent pulses slopes of pulse between t2 and t3 slopes of pulse between t4 and t5 the rising edge
174. labeled in each display Additionally the difference between two markers i e delta X can also be displayed For more details refer to the Labels discussion under Display in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To create a Segment A Segment is a section of a wave between two markers Segments are created and defined in the Markers dialog under Display and are given a unique name that appears in the wave list therefore they can be referenced just like a normal wave To create a segment choose Markers anyDisplay under Display press the New button in the Segment region in center of dialog to create a segment choose a source wave in the Wave popup and two bounding markers in the two Bound popups if you have not yet created 2 markers do so now by pressing New twice in the lower left Marker area rename the segment via the Name field and then press OK to exit the Markers dialog To view the values in a segment choose Edit Values desiredSegment under Wave To view the segment in a display choose Options desiredDisplay under Display and drag the segment into the Display Contents area If the source wave is already in the display it might be useful to Vertically Adjust the segment To calculate the energy in a segment Suppose you have an oscilloscope and want to calculate the RMS energy in the oscilloscope scan between t 10ms and t 20ms This would involve the creation of two markers as described earlier the creation of a segm
175. lay choose Dots in the Plot popup edit the Width field dot width in pixels and then press OK Step By Step Design Reference 8 25 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual b To make the output wave s horizontal scale correspond to the pulse number choose Options d parameterWave under Wave press the Points button set the sample period to 1 0 press OK amp then press OK c To see the pulse analysis output points in the new pulse parameter display time registered against the time wave e g amplitude of pulse N is displayed under pulse N s time wave choose New under Wave set the wave name to t3 press OK choose Edit Pulse Analysis under Task press the Transfer button select t3 in the list area select the Wave t3 Transfer To option press the adjacent Wave Options button set the Wave Size to the expected maximum of pulses press OK press OK to exit the Transfers dialog press OK press OK to exit the Task Editor choose Options newDisplay under Display select XY Plot in the Type popup to establish the plotting of one wave against another drag t3 which contains a list of times for each pulse into the X position drag the pulse output parameter wave into the adjacent Y position press OK choose Controls d newDisplay under Display select Previous in the Horizontal Scale popup select Previous in the Horizontal Position popup to link the horizontal axis of the new display to that of the previous timewave display
176. lease refer to the Programming section of the Instructions chapter Do Every Traces Do Every Y Points Loop If Then While Loop H Add Comment Bod Programming SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter 5 Data Acquisition This chapter describes the timing relationships between the acquisition of data and the analysis display and saving to disk of the acquired data As described in the previous chapter data acquisition analysis presentation amp archival can be done either manually with the menubar one step at a time or with a task which is a list of instructions that are executed one at a time Tasks are created edited run stopped saved to disk loaded from disk and deleted The Task Editor contains an easy to use environment for adding and editing a task s list of instructions SuperScope II allows the user to create two types of tasks Digitizing Tasks that are used for data acquisition and non digitizing Tasks that are typically used for post acquisition analysis Instruments can be designed that analyze data as it is being acquired by adding analysis instructions e g Calculate Wave Pulse Analysis to a Digitizing task Instruments can be designed that stream data to disk as it is being acquired by adding disk I O instructions to a Digitizing task Since the quantity of memory and the power of the computer s processor is limited SuperScope II breaks up wave datum in manageable pieces of finite lengt
177. limit Lthresh If the run starts with the signal above the lower limit the output will start in the off 0 state This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks See also Limit and Alarm Example Output OnOff Ain0 8 4 ino 10 A Upper Threshold a z le Output is on 1 Output is off 0 Output is on 1 7 54 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Peak dl threshold Locate Peaks Parameters Description Definition Example dl wave or channel threshold scalar float The Peak function returns a wave and marks peaks local maxima in the parameter d1 Peaks in the parameter wave whose values exceed thresh are preserved All other points in the result wave are 0 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks ice if d1 n is a peak gt thresh Result n 19 otherwise Wave Peak argl 6 al PANA 0 aos mnt do e JA A Wave oe ee 4 Functions amp Operators 7 55 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Phase d1 Return Phases of Complex Wave Parameters d1 wave or channel Description Phase returns a wave that contains the phase angle in radians of each complex number in the parameter d1 d1 should be in complex number format The result wave contains exactly half as many points as the parameter wave This function is useful for interpreting the results of the FFT f
178. lseStartTimes Reciprocal Reverse SignalAvg Silent Smooth Sort Spectrum UnVoiced Voiced Seams amp Things integrate reset at list of times integrate reset when wave gt V inverse fast Fourier transform returns data from last trace apply high amp low bounds natural logarithm logarithm with base 10 return magnitude given complex return complex given real minimum value to date modulo return magnitude FFT on off feedback control loop find peaks return phase given complex return list of pulse times return list of pulse times return list of pulse times return real given complex return reciprocal value reverse the order of elements shift wave horizontally determine waveform average determine where sound is silent sine smooth waveform by n points sort wave elements calculate frequency spectrum square root tangent time histogram returns values given times determine where sound is unvoiced determine where sound is voiced SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual C 4 Seams amp Things SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Appendix D Instruction Error Codes The information in the following table is returned after each task instruction is executed Variable error and string retValue are system objects and are reserved for this purpose The Task80 Action field is used for debugging purposes and is enabled by creating a journal with the name Task80 Task Instructi
179. lue Editor to view a wave s internal values A popup menu at the top of the Value Editor enables one to view any wave Also one can press the Points button in the Wave Options dialog to open the Data Points dialog which shows the number of valid data points in a wave and the sample time Stepping is an extremely powerful debugging tool since it helps you verify that each instruction does as expected and if there is a discrepancy it places you at the heart of the problem 3 For more ideas on debugging refer to the Debugging discussion near the end of Chapter 3 in the Tutorial amp User s Guide To benchmark a task s performance Choose New under Journal set the Name to Bench choose Window in the Position popup to specify a journal with its own window press OK to exit the Journal Options dialog resize the new window to be approximately 4 wide without overlapping the front panel if possible and then run a task The time to execute each instruction is printed to the Bench journal in units of seconds Neither the time required to print to the Bench journal nor the time between instructions is included To turn this feature off change the name of the Bench journal e g to Benchoff To make a task run faster 1 Press Options in the Task Editor to open the Task Options dialog and then deselect some of the options in the During Run time area These options specify which chores are done in between the execution of each task instru
180. lustration Description Debugging See Also Scalar Transfer Scalar Assignment Uariable error Options Gra fis 1 00000 Volts 0 00000 This instruction copies the scalar value of one object into another Recall that a marker s value is derived from it s position a control s value is derived from it s position a string or journal s value is derived from it s text zero is assumed if the text does not contain a number and a wave s scalar value is derived from one point as specified by the Wave Transfers Options dialog discussed at the beginning of this chapter For your convenience the current value of each object is shown at the base of the dialog It s as easy as forming a sentence To view the run time results of this instruction e g v2 v1 2 000 2 000 please enable the Task80 option in the Task Debugging Options dialog create a journal by the name of Task80 Position Window is usually best and run the task Arithmetic scalar Transcendental scalar Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual CALCULATE WAVE Waveform Mathematics Illustration Description Seamless Scans Debugging For More Instructions Calculate Wave 0 gt gt al ao0000 AutoCorrelation O Use Variables Calculate Wave is used to perform waveform calculations such as fft cos or Over 80 functions and operators are supported as detailed in the Functions am
181. mHg is updated with the Variable Transfer Options transferred value s units label E Transfer units label 6 2 Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual The Wave Transfer Options dialog specifies which point receives the transferred value The first value transferred in a task is either sent to a specific point number where point 1 is the first point or to the end of the wave Each subsequent transfer in a running task is either done with the Next Point Location or to the Same Location If the wave s last storage location is exceeded the value is transferred to point 1 the transfer does not occur the task is stopped or the wave is enlarged and the value is transferred normally When a new scan is acquired in a digitizer based task transfers can occur normally or they can reset to point 1 At the beginning 1st Transfer Nent Transfer If hit wave end Wave Transfer Options e Point O Append to last point of wave Next location Same location Transfer to point 1 O Stop transfers yet don t stop task O Stop task and show alert O Try to enlarge wave Upon new trace Continue Transfer to point 1 Wave size 200 points minimum of a task all waves are resized as requested by the Wave Size field Wave enlarging occasionally fails due to memory limitations in which case an alert is shown Each wave begins at a certain place in time Osec in most cases
182. matical function of another wave Create a wave by choosing New under Wave and place it into a display as described previously Choose Edit Y desiredTask under Task to open the Task Editor drag the Calculate Wave instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the place in the task that you want the calculation to occur set up the popup menus and fields as desired for details on each function please refer to Chapter 7 of the Reference Manual press OK to exit the Calculate Wave dialog press OK to exit the Task Editor and choose Run desiredTask under Task to see it run To build a Spectrum Analyzer To add a spectrum analysis display i e plot dB amplitude Vs frequency to an existing Oscilloscope instrument create a new display as described earlier create a new wave by choosing New under Wave name it FFT place the wave into the new display add a FFT Spectrum W1 0 0 Calculate Wave instruction after the Digitize Scan instruction in the Acquire task run the task stop the task and then adjust the FFT display s horizontal and vertical scale as needed The FFT wave will update each time through the Scan Loop and will therefore always reflect the most recent W1 scan To append one point to the end of a wave each time through a loop In many cases one value is produced each time through a loop e g the scan loop The user can accumulate these values in a journal as described earlier or in a wave The wave is the recommended
183. me The storage length is the amount of memory allocated to the wave in terms of of points and the number of valid data points is the of valid data currently in that storage buffer The of valid points will range from 0 to the storage length and the storage length will range from 0 to that permitted by available memory 16bit integers consume 2bytes per point and 32bit float consume 4 bytes per point therefore a 250K point float wave would consume 1 MB for example If Save Data With Instrument File is checked SuperScope II will save the wave s data in the instrument file If it is not checked the wave is saved with O points of data Note that including wave data in an instrument file increases the size of that file by the space required to hold that data 7 2 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual SPECTRUM ANALYZER EXAMPLE The following tutorial sets up a Spectrum Analyzer using the popular FFT Mag Log100 Hamm and Spectrum functions 1 2 Ub Choose New Instrument under File to reset SuperScope II Choose Network View Page under the instruNet menu and create an input channel Select Digitize Segment in the Mode popup and set the Mode to Oscilloscope Set the number of points to 1024 and the sample period to be half the maximum frequency of the spectral plot For example a 630 us sample period will produce a 0 to 793 Hz spectral plot 793 Hz 1 630 us 2 Create a wave name
184. ming chapter and the Task Menu discussion in this chapter The Menubar 3 27 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual The instruNet menu is used to setup all Task Begin parameters for input and output channels Scan Loop Begin 2 scans Data acquisition is then accomplished with Segment Loop Begin Digitize Segment 10000 ptsfscan 1eth pts secs a digitizer based task After the channel Saree e as and Digitize Segment parameters are Plot Segment defined with items in the instruNet Segment Loop End menu the user then chooses New Clear Update Digitizer under Task to create a Scan Loop End digitizer based task These tasks are very similar to regular tasks except they include several bolded i e template instructions that implement the acquisition defined under instruNet The user can easily add to these tasks For example the above illustration shows a task that repeatedly acquires a trace calculates a derivative and then updates the screen The bolded instructions were present when the digitizer task was created the derivative instruction was added by the user 3 28 The Menubar Control Menu Front panel Controls and Indicators show and allow adjustment of Boolean True False values scalars lists and text These objects appear in a variety of styles sizes fonts and colors and their states are easily read and updated with tasks Several controls and indicators are illustrated below fois Do
185. n dialog choose Load wave spooledWave press the Options button select the Prefix file name with value Record checkbox press OK press the File button choose the datapipe in the lower right corner to tell it to load from the pipe location select the 0000001 spooledWave file press the Open button and then press OK to exit the Disk I O dialog You need one Disk I O instruction for each disk based object that you want to scan through The analysis instructions placed under the Disk I O instructions automatically operate on the entire disk based stream or the number of scans specified in the loop Also note that you can do analysis on a stream while it is digitized by placing the same analysis instructions in the Acquire task under the Digitize Segment or Digitize Point task instruction or if you want to analyze entire scan blocks at a time above the Clear amp Update instruction To create a wave that is a mathematical function of other digitized and calculated waves Long continuous streams can be digitized data e g W1 or a mathematical function of other continuous streams For example one could plot both W1 and its derivative or integral or absolute value etc in real time by simply creating a new wave e g named deriv via New under Wave placing the new wave into a display probably with W1 adding a deriv Deriv W1 Calculate Wave instruction after the Digitize Segment or Digitize Point instruction in the Acquire task
186. n sometimes place the user very close to their ultimate objective If you are doing Oscilloscope work with instruNet we recommend Oscilloscope with Database iNet and Strip Chart w Database iNet both in the SuperScope II instruNet Instruments BEST INSTRUMENTS folder SIX PHASES TO INSTRUMENT DESIGN Instrument design is typically a six step process as described below 1 Real time The user sets up the recording of raw data using the Oscilloscope or Strip Chart model as a base An Acquire button typically runs a task that does the digitizing 2 Analysis The user adds instructions and tasks to analyze the raw data In many cases the analysis instructions are added to the Acquire task after the Scan Loop Begin or Digitize Segment instructions 3 User Interface The user adds buttons and tasks to provide a nice user interface similar to that of a typical application program The Print button causes the front panel to be printed the Help button opens a journal with extensive instrument documentation the Save button causes the current data to be save and the Open button causes previously recorded data to be loaded 4 Database The user sets up the saving of data in a format that SuperScope II can later understand Data is stored in the RECORDNUMBER OBJECT filename format e g file 000005 W1 contains the W1 data in the 5th record of the database in one folder referenced by a datapipe discussed later An Step By Step Design Refer
187. n the Goodies folder shipped with SuperScope II To view statistics of a wave Choose Statistics desiredWave under Wave to open the Statistics dialog view the statistics and then press OK One can also do this in a task via the Statistics task instruction To manually save a wave to disk Step By Step Design Reference 8 11 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Choose Save As desiredWave under Wave to open the standard Save File dialog and then set the file name and folder as desired The default file format is BINARY yet can be changed to TEXT via the Format button BINARY is fast and compact TEXT is slow yet compatible with other programs Press Save to save the wave It is highly recommended that waves be saved in a SuperScope II database discussed later so they can be automatically accessed later To manually load a wave from disk To load a wave file into an existing wave choose Load Data d targetWave under Wave Otherwise to load a wave and have it appear as a new wave choose Open under Wave To view a wave in an existing display Choose Options desiredDisplay under Display drag the desired wave from the Waves area to the Display area and then press OK To remove a wave or channel from a display Choose Options P desiredDisplay under Display drag the desired wave out of the Display area and then press OK To vertically adjust a wave in a display Choose Mouse Vertical Adjust under Di
188. nary at the lower left to the desired position in the task When the mouse is released the instruction s dialog opens and the user can then specify the instruction s functionality in a standard Macintosh dialog box To add an instruction to the end of a task one can double click on the instruction in the dictionary instead of dragging it as a short cut To view or edit an existing instruction the user simply double clicks on it s text To move or duplicate an instruction one can Cut Copy and Paste instructions within a task or between tasks 3 22 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Many instructions use pop up menus to Move Marker customize a sentence For example Move Marker moves the specified marker to the first Move to of wave peak first maximum first value etc of a specified wave as illustrated above When the user presses OK in the instruction dialog the instruction is inserted into the task and represented with one line of text e g Move M2 to first peak of Voiced Instructions are very smart and will not let you press OK if they are not setup properly OK becomes gray One can press Cancel at any time to abort the creating of a new instruction or to reverse changes to an existing instruction If an instruction becomes non executable after it is created it s text is suffixed with gt gt gt SETUP INVALID lt lt lt e g your instruction moves marker M1 and someone later deletes M1 In th
189. nce Manual indented 4 characters from the Do Every line Loop is used to implement an unconditional loop The Loop 5 times body i e one or more instructions between Loop N Ain Aint Ain times and Loop end that are added by the user is execute several times as specified in the Programming Instruction dialog Body instructions are indented 4 characters from the Loop line Loop end If Then conditionally executes several instructions If CHItH2 then The body i e one or more instructions between Jf Aind Aint Ain then and If end that are added by the user is executed If and if the conditional is TRUE Body instructions are indented 4 characters from the If Then line To edit the conditional expression press the Edit Conditional button The Conditional dialog is similar to the Arithmetic Instruction discussed earlier It supports less than lt greater than gt less than or equal to lt greater than or equal to gt equal to and not equal to While is used to implement a conditional loop The While Chi 2 do body i e one or more instructions between Sind Aini Ain While do and While end that are added by the user is executed repeatedly while the conditional is TRUE Body instructions are indented 4 characters from the While line To edit the conditional expression press the Edit Conditional button The Conditional dialog is similar to the Arithmetic Instruction discussed earlier
190. nd grid pattern of the display Some grids take an appreciable amount of time to draw On the Macintosh Plus and l O Hide entire display E Add axis labels Macintosh SE the fastest grids are the 8x8 and 8H 16 16 ee Box MN Lines Lines The Hide entire display box is used to hide a display ER b a This option can be set in a SuperScope II task using the Displays instruction 167 Lines 16H Lines 32H Limes 2 Lines Add Label is used to indicate the contents of each display with user defined text in the display s upper left corner Add wave labels is used to enable the wave label region which shows the name of each Seq1 t wave in the display The five Mouse modes Edit Draw Move Marker Vertical Adjust Log Coords operate on the selected wave and a wave is selected by clicking on one of these labels The Horizontal and Vertical Units boxes are used to override a wave s units label e g mmHg and the Horizontal and Vertical Axis Label checkboxes are used to enable disable the axis labels themselves The default horizontal scale is time in seconds To change the p 30 msec horizontal scaling to hours minutes and seconds click the hrs min sec box 3 16 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Markers is used to create dispose and Markers amp Segments rename markers to define create dispose and rename segments and to specify which p Display Ltime markers are to be
191. nd then choose Panel Edit Off To insert user specified text into a journal Drag the Journals amp Strings instruction from the Task Editor Instruction Dictionary select the destination journal in the uppermost popup menu select the Insert radio option and then type the text to be inserted at the insertion point location at run time In the Insert field a carriage return is typed as r and a tab is typed as t For example 1 t2 r3 t4 r would be printed as E 3 4 To send analysis results to a journal The following task instructions send numbers to a journal Statistics Analog amp Digital I O Arithmetic Assignment Curve Fitting Get Time RS 232 Log Marker Values Read Wave Internals Transcendental and User Interface In general one must drag one of these instructions from the Instruction Dictionary into the task area and set up its instruction dialog to transfer a value to a specified journal When values are repeatedly sent to a journal a table is formed with one column for each parameter e g max avg and one row per transfer Important Table Building Considerations 1 If you don t like the displayed precision you can use the Round Off or Integer options in the General String instruction to clean up your text For example to append variable V1 s integer value to the end of J1 without showing V1 with 6 digits to the right of the decimal you want 1 instead of 1 00000 you would transfer V1 s value to a tempor
192. nd to numerical values e g 0 01 10e3 These values often denote time in units of seconds yet not always In fact SuperScope II views Markers as numerical values without units Therefore they can be used in displays where the horizontal axis is not time For example one could place a marker in a display showing frequency spectra where the horizontal axis corresponds to Hertz In this case the marker s numerical value would be in units of Hz and the intersection of the marker and spectra wave would produce a time as read in the Log Marker dialog in units of Hz In other words time in the Log Marker instruction corresponds to the horizontal units of the wave In this example daytime is meaningless 6 28 Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual MOVE MARKER Illustration Description Attributes Find Wave Attribute Move Marker Mi Move to first downstroke of wave Options aa E aE r a a aa A Hysteresis 0 010000 Uolt Threshold 2 000000 Volt O Use Variables This instruction is used to move markers to waveform minimums maximums local minimums valleys local maximums peaks upstrokes downstrokes specified points and specified wave values This instruction supports seamless scans subsequently scan breaks have no effect e g ten seamless scans would be viewed as one long scan In the above illustration Marker M1 is moved Fo PM to the first downstroke of
193. ndicator All controls and indicators have a state that corresponds to a numerical value In the case of knobs meters and sliders it is their numerical position In the case of Boolean objects e g buttons lights toggle switches 1 0 is ON or DOWN and 0 0 if OFF or UP To create a control that offers one of several text choices Choose New Control 1 3 under Control to create an Edit Field or g to create a slider and open the Control Options dialog edit the object s Name as desired choose Data Range in the Main popup menu to open the Data Range dialog set the Minimum to 0 0 set the increment to 1 0 set the Maximum to 1 less than the number of items in your list e g set to 2 if you have 3 items in your list press OK choose Edit Label in the Label popup to open the Label dialog type the items in the list separated by an E symbol e g a b c for a list that shows a b or c press OK If you are working with a Slider instead of an Edit field choose Tick Marks in the Ruler menu set the 2 fields to 0 and then press OK press OK to exit the Control Options dialog click on the new Edit field s 7 4 arrows to see the value and label move up and down in the list e g O a 1 b 2 c Choose Panel Edit On under Display resize the Edit field until its width is as small as possible i e just the label and 7 4 arrows are shown choose Panel Edit Off under Display and then play with the arrows to see your list Step By Step Desi
194. neral string the user specifies two source objects one destination object and a text operation Copy copies text from the source object into the destination Append appends the text in Source 2 at the end of Source 1 and transfers the result to the destination object Compare compares two objects and fills the destination with 1 0 if they are the same text 0 0 otherwise Insert inserts the text of source 2 into the text of source 1 at the specified character position Integer converts the source text to an integer textural value e g 1 000 becomes 1 Round Off rounds off the source text to a specified number of digits to the right of the decimal Length returns the number of characters in the source text Time returns the time e g 18 38 58 and Date returns the date e g 1 30 64 For your convenience the first 30 characters of each object is shown at the base of the dialog 8 18 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual DATAPIPES Datapipes reference a folder on disk i e a pathname Think of it as a pipe through which you push data between SuperScope II and a folder on disk The Datapipe task instruction is used to redirect a datapipe or to attach a datapipe to a new folder The Disk I O task instruction is used to load and save waves and journals to and from folders referenced by datapipes For more details please refer to the Datapipes discussion in Chapter 4 of the User s Guide
195. nnel or scalar Description ArcCos returns the inverse cosine of the parameter al in radians If al isa wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned Ifa parameter value does not fall between 1 and 1 SuperScope reports a function error ArcCos returns values between O and 7 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Definition Result n cos l a1 n for a wave or channel Result cos l a1 for a scalar Example Wave ArcCos argl argi Wave D 8 7 j e e 4 s 5 5 5 5 A 5 5 Functions amp Operators 7 7 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual ArcSin al ArcSine Parameters al wave channel or scalar Description ArcSin returns the inverse sine of the parameter al in radians If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned If a parameter value does not fall between 1 and 1 SuperScope reports a function error ArcSin returns values between 7 2 and 7 2 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Definition Result n sin 1 a1 n for a wave or channel Result sin 1 al fora scalar Example Wave ArcSin argl argi 1 0 5 pee oi SES a 0 5 E Wave 1 ene g 8 t_ mmt e 1 oo 2 7 8 Functions amp Operators SuperScope
196. nt on the original wave or channel is expanded to scale points on the result Since the algorithm must interpolate between two points the resulting wave may include the last scale number of points at the end of the wave since we don t have a point after the last point to interpolate with This function is the inverse of the Compress function Expand does not low pass filter the data and will therefore induce aliasing If this 1s unacceptable please use the Filter Instruction s Change Sample Rate feature instead Wave Expand d1 3 dl Wave Functions amp Operators FFT d1 oints Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Fast Fourier Transform dl wave or channel points scalar integer 2 through 32767 FFT performs a fast Fourier transform on the first points points of d1 If the points parameter is left out or set to zero a default of the length of d1 is used Data is returned in a wave in complex number notation Note that points is always rounded down to the nearest power of two e g FFT 1000 is equivalent to FFT 512 The resulting wave contains points values that correspond to points 2 complex pairs i e real imaginary real imaginary etc For an example use of FFT or for a discussion on imaginary numbers please see the beginning of this chapter The spectrum is scaled such that a X Volt sine produces an X Volt
197. nt waves offer 7 significant digits of scientific notation accuracy i e EX XXXXXX e YY Copy Wave Text in the Wave menu is a more accurate way to copy wave data to the clipboard Pasting into the Wave Editor is very accurate and does not involve unnecessary truncating If you select a cell and move to another cell it will read the text if it differs by more that 001 from the value stored internally and update the internal value to that truncated viewed value careful 3 10 The Menubar Synthesize allows you to load waves with internally generated 1 e synthesized data Waves can be loaded with a sine wave square wave triangle wave ramp constant value gaussian noise or uniform noise Sine Triangle and Square waves are defined with the Points per cycle and Peak to Peak Amplitude fields The Ramp is define with two fields that specify the value at the two end points Gaussian noise has a gaussian distribution i e a histogram of the wave data 1s a gaussian curve centered about 0 with the specified RMS Root Mean Square RMS is the same as standard deviation is this case For example 10 Vrms gaussian noise will have 60 6 of it s values between 10 and 10V Uniform noise is evenly distributed about the specified bound A histogram of uniform noise shows values evenly distributed between Bound and Bound For example each point of 10V uniform noise has an equal probability of appearing anywhere between 10V and 10V T
198. nteger wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a max value of 10V and a min value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n d1 n d1 n 1 Wave Deriv arg1 Arg 100 g r a0 Pa 60 7 E 40 a 20 ae B7 a E AA 12 Wave 10 a 8 we 5 a 4 a E aur i 0 A Functions amp Operators 7 21 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual DerivFivePt d1 Parameters Description Definition Example 100 50 60 40 O D 2 nnn Five Point Derivative Approximation argi wave or channel DerivFivePt computes an approximation to the derivative of the parameter wave at each point in the wave DerivFivePt approximates the curve around each sequence of five points by a quartic polynomial and takes the derivative of the polynomial at the center point i e derivative AY AX where x is in units of points returning the result as the corresponding point of the output wave This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Beware that overflow or underflow could occur if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 DerivFivePt does not induce a phase shift DerivFivePt uses the Lagran
199. number of result points INTEGER M Scale Wave Compress d1 3 al Wave Functions amp Operators 7 13 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Convolve d1 d2 Convolution Parameters Description Definition Example 7 14 d1 wave or channel d2 wave or channel Convolve returns the result of the convolution d1 d2 Convolutions are useful for smoothing or applying filter functions to waveforms The d1 input is zero padded before the first point and after the last point such that the output is the same length as the input with only a 1 2 sample period time shift to the left The number of points in d1 must be greater than or equal to the number of points in d2 otherwise d1 is simply copied into the result n Result n Y a1 j x d2 n j j l Wave Convolve argl arg2 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual CopyTiming dl Copy sample period amp start time Parameters di wave or channel Description CopyTiming copies the start time and the sample period from the source wave into the destination wave This is helpful before doing point wise arithmetic since points must align in time in order do things such as add subtract multiply and divide two waves Functions amp Operators 7 15 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Cos al Cosine Parameters al wave channel or scalar Description The Cos function returns the cosine of the parameter
200. oint of the first scan Do not confuse this function with SignalAvg which computes a running average across scans 1 Result n 7 X j Il ts d1 5 1 Wave AvgToDate argl ard a E la A li a 4 5 Leet Wave 5 slp oer os e AAA 4 i Functions amp Operators 7 11 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Blackman points Create Blackman Window Parameters pointsscalar integer Description The Blackman function generates a Blackman window of length points and is Definition Example 7 12 generally used in conjunction with the FFT function Weighting a signal with a Blackman window prior to calculating its Fourier Transform yields a more accurate spectral analysis because it eliminates some of the inaccuracies that result from performing a Fourier Transform on a signal of finite length To perform the weighting the signal to be weighted should be multiplied by the wave returned by Blackman Points is rounded down to the nearest power of 2 e g Blackman 1000 will return a Blackman window of size 512 When Blackman is used in conjunction with FFT both functions should use the same value of points Since Blackman returns a wave with an arbitrary sample period and the function processor uses the sample period of the first wave argument the Blackman window should always be the second argument in an equation For example freq Ain0 Blackman 1024 will work
201. ommend that you begin with Chapter 1 of the User s Manual This Reference manual is to be used as a reference whereas the User s Manual is intended to teach the basics Introduction 1 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual ABOUT THIS MANUAL This Reference manual is divided into eight chapters summarized below Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 The Front Panel Describes the objects and controls on the front panel Chapter 3 The Menubar Describes in detail each menu command and it s associated dialog box Chapter 4 Programming Describes how to program using the powerful Task environment Chapter 5 Data Acquisition Describes the Digitize Segment programming and hardware issues associated with data acquisition analysis and presentation Chapter 6 Instructions Describes the basic building blocks used to create tasks Chapter 7 Functions Describes SuperScope II s built in functions and operators Chapter 8 Step By Step Design Reference Step by step instructions that provides a road map for building SuperScope II instruments 1 2 Introduction SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual WARRANTY GW Instruments Inc warrants that the Products furnished under this Agreement will be free from material defects for a period of one year from the date of shipment The Customer shall provide notice to GW Instruments of any defect within one week after the Customer s discovery of such defect The sole obligation an
202. on Debugging See Also Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Scalar Math Scalar Arithmetic This instruction arithmetically combines two objects e g and transfers the result to a third The AND and OR are bitwise operators for example 5 AND 12 produce 4 01012 AND 11002 01002 The gt lt gt greater then or equal to lt less then or equal to equal to and not equal to return 1 0 if true and 0 0 if false For a detailed discussion of operators please see the Operators section at the beginning of Chapter 7 Recall that a marker s value is derived from it s position a control s value is derived from it s position a string or journal s value is derived from it s text zero is assumed if the text does not contain a number and a wave s scalar value is derived from one point as specified by the Wave Transfers Options dialog discussed at the beginning of this chapter For your convenience the current value of each object is shown at the base of the dialog It s as easy as forming a sentence To view the run time results of this instruction e g v2 V1 v2 3 000 2 000 1 000 please enable the Task80 option in the Task Debugging Options dialog create a journal by the name of Task80 Position Window is usually best and run the task Assignment scalar Transcendental scalar SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual ASSIGNMENT Il
203. on Alert Beep Delay Analog amp Digital I O Arithmetic scalar Assignment scalar Calculate Wave Choose Menu Clear amp Update Curve Fitting Datapipe Disk I O Display Filter Get Time Journals amp Strings Log Marker Values Move Marker Programming Loop Programming If Then While Loop Pulse Analysis Read Wave Internals RS 232 Set Wave Internals Sound Statistics Statistics Synthesize Trace Loop Transcendental scalar User Interface User Prompt Introduction error Variable 1 ok O error 1 0k O error ok O error 1 ok O error ok O error ok O error O error 1 moved the marker 2 did not move marker 3 marker gt last pt 1 found pulse 2 did not find pulse 1 0k O error 1 0k O error ok O error O error 1 Pressed Right button 2 Pressed Left button retValue String n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a response Task80 Action Field n a TO values numerical values numerical values calculated pts pts sec n a n a numerical values n a n a n a result points pts sec num n a numerical values Error moved marker did not move marker marker to right of last pt found pulse did not find pulse numerical values receive text numerical values numerical values numerical values numerical values user s response SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference
204. one multiple times much like with a benchtop oscilloscope While a scan is being processed instruNet waits for the next trigger condition in the background and will continue to acquire and buffer scans in the background The difference between Oscilloscope Mode and Oscillo Queued mode is that in Oscilloscope mode the most recently acquired scan is always retrieved from the buffer for processing and previously stored scans are discarded whereas in Oscillo Queued mode the first scan is always retrieved from the buffer In Oscillo Queued mode all scans continue to be stacked in the buffer and no scans are discarded while in Oscilloscope mode each time a scan is retrieved it is the most recent scan and all older scans are discarded For a complete description of the difference between Oscilloscope mode and Oscillo Queued mode please refer to Chapter 5 of the instruNet User s manual The figure below shows the general operation of Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued modes Scan l time 0 Scan 2 time 0 Controller Digitizes Scan 2 i ITALIAN l Controller Digitizes Scan 1 Re ae a E JOSS JOJ VEM suonon ysu Jos arepdy 2 WAD 193311 JOJ VEM suoT oOnsUy J9S orepdy 9 AD lt Scan Loop 1 lt Scan Loop 2 In summary to build an oscilloscope instrument set the Scan Mode popup in the instruNet Digitize Segment dialog to either Oscilloscope or Oscillo Queued i e Os
205. opup position uses the time of a marker to select and highlight an entry in a runtime journal For instance in the above dialog if a marker M1 is in a display at the 2 0 sec mark the entry in the journal J1 at 2 0 sec or the first entry after 2 0 sec would be selected and highlighted Insert note string popup at time marker popup inserts an entry into a runtime journal at the time defined by the position of the marker in the marker popup and the contents of the string in the string popup Move marker marker popup to the next note selects the next runtime note in a runtime journal and moves the marker selected in the marker popup to that point in the display Move marker marker popup to the next note that contains string popup text selects the next runtime note in a runtime journal that contains the contents of the string selected in the string popup and moves the marker selected in the marker popup to that point in the display Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual SET WAVE INTERNALS Set Wave Parameters Illustration Description Instructions Set Wave Internals Wi Set sample time start time JE sample time valid pre pts pre size data size Current value 0 00000 Polis post size min IU code max IU code min El value w o al Set Wave Internals is used to set wave characteristics such as sample rate and of points This is done with values from journals
206. or example if your 16bit integer mapping is 32 768 to 10V then the min IU code is 32768 the max IU code is 32767 the min EU value is 10V and the max EU value is 9 9997V Setting wave lock to causes the wave data to be HLock ed in memory 0 unlocks This is a seldom used feature SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual SOUND STATISTICS Analyze Speech Illustration Sound Statistics on Transfer silence to voiced ce unvoiced i La silence E Variable error shimmer APO HNR O Journal HERE H teed bene BOBE J breathiness O String fetes jitter RAP 50 avg Control f0 kurtosis i f0 skewness 5 la Description Sound Statistics is used to calculate the following statistics on a speech wave voiced unvoiced silent shimmer jitter HNR breathiness Fo average Fo kurtosis fo skewness Fo range and Fo std dev For details on how to use this dialog to transfer data to Journals Waves Variables Strings Controls and Markers please see the Transfer Dialog discussion at the beginning of this chapter For More For details on these parameters please see the Sound Analysis Computations Information Appendix in the SoundScope manual 6 46 Instructions STATISTICS Illustration Description Parameters Seamless Scans See Also Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Calculate Waveform Statistics Statistics on time
207. ose Show Clipboard under Edit To copy a display to the clipboard Choose Copy Display P display under Edit To copy a picture of a wave to the clipboard Choose Copy Wave Graph P wave under Edit To copy wave values to the clipboard Choose Copy Wave Text P desiredWave under Edit One can then paste this column of numbers into a spreadsheet or graphics program To specify that a wave s data be saved in the instrument file 8 12 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual As a default wave data which consumes 2 bytes for each wave point is not saved inside an instrument file however to specify that this be done choose Options targetWave under Wave press the Points button select Save data with instrument file press OK and then press OK to exit the Options dialog In the case of channels one chooses Options P channel under Hardware and then presses the Options button to access the Save data checkbox To view a wave s internal parameters To view or modify Sample Period time between points First Point time time of first point which is usually 0 0 Storage Length buffer space in memory or of valid points of points in wave choose Options desiredWave under Wave press the Points button view and modify as desired press OK and then press OK to exit the Options dialog To delete a wave Choose Options Y waveToDelete under Wave To Add a wave that is a mathe
208. ould be an odd positive integer If points is even averaging will be performed over points 1 points This does not induce a phase shift For example 1 2 2 33 2 1 Smooth 1 2 3 2 1 3 This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks 1 5 n points 2 Result n points x y d1 j j 5 n points 2 Wave Smooth d1 3 dl 10 a a 5 ma a Nk da Ngo 0 2 TIN EE 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121 O AS 0 Wave 10 5 mu a N n a E Nia f 0 1 _ _ _ _ _ N E 2 3 45 6 7 8 91011125 1f 8 120 ae A Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Sort in Ascending Order Sort dl Parameters d1 wave or channel Description Sort returns a wave which contains all the points in the parameter d1 sorted in ascending order Example Wave Sort d1 d Wave Functions amp Operators SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Spectrum dl Parameters Description Definition Example oints Power Spectrum dl channel or wave pointsscalar integer 2 through 32767 Spectrum computes the frequency spectrum of the input time wave d1 A points number of time points are analyzed and points 2 dB magnitudes are returned 16bit integer data is evaluated w r t 1 LSB e g the spectrum of a 10V sine in a wave where 10V is mapped to 32K yields approximately due to hamming weighting a 70dB 20log 10V 000
209. p Operators chapter Calculations are easily setup by adjusting popup menus and radio buttons For example in the illustration above an autocorrelation of waveform time is placed into waveform ac upon calculation Calculation occurs when the user presses the Do It button or when the instruction is executed in a task the OK button does not trigger a calculate The Calculate Wave instruction can be accessed from the Wave menu via the Calculate command or from the Instruction Dictionary in the Task Editor The former is used to do calculations manually while the later is used to do calculations automatically i e in a task This instruction typically supports seamless scans and is not effected by scan breaks subsequently it can be used to process very long e g 1 billion points continuous streams of data For example if the user processes ten seamless 1K point scans in Strip Chart mode the result is identical to that done with one 10K point trace For details on the which functions support seamless scans please see the Seams amp Things Appendix To debug use the Task Editor button to view the source and result waves before and after the Calculate Wave instruction Viewing waves can be done graphically with a front panel display or via the Wave Value Editor Notice that one can access the Value Editor by pressing the Task Editor 14 button and then pressing the Wave Options button To switch from one wave to the next click on
210. paste into spreadsheet or word Processor processor Spreadsheet SuperScope II Select a vertical column of numbers in the spreadsheet or or Word or SoundScope word processor window carriage returns will separate Processor each value and choose COPY make sure the Edit tool is selected via Mouse under Display select a wave click once on the wave or it s wave label select a point in the wave click once with the Edit tool and then choose Paste One can also cut copy paste in the wave table editor yet it sometimes truncates each value to 3 places after the decimal SuperScope II SoundEdit Pro Save wave as type AIFF and then load into SoundEdit Pro ps te ie ee ee SoundEdit Pro SuperScope II Save wave as type AIFF and choose Load or Open under or SoundScope Wave in SoundScope SuperScope II SuperScope II Audiomedia Save wave as type AIFF and then load into Audiomedia ne oo Audiomedia SuperScope II Save wave as type AIFF and choose Load or Open under or SoundScope Wave in SoundScope SuperScope II SuperScope II supports the following data formats TEXT Text data is represented as a series of characters and is by far the most common data type Text can be moved from one place to another via the clipboard and a TEXT file on disk Waves Journals word processors spreadsheets and graphics programs all support text files and clipboard data Wave text is a special case and must appear in a format where carriage returns
211. pe or Oscillo Queued in the Scan Mode popup Please refer to Chapter 5 instruNet World Application Program of the instruNet User s manual for a full description of these modes To adjust the sample rate or the number of data points to be acquired To adjust the of points digitized each second or the number of data points to be acquired double click on the Digitize Segment instruction in a Digitizing Task to open the Digitize Segment dialog Enter the sample rate in samples per second into the Sample Rate field and the number of points to be acquired in the Pts per Scan field and then press OK THE ASSIST FORMAT When creating a new Journal Display Button or Task the user can exit their respective Options dialogs with the Assist button D1 instead of the OK button Assist causes the front panel objects in the case of tasks a button that runs the task to be repositioned in the standard Assist format with buttons across the Oo DB O D3 top of the front panel journals across the bottom 30 and displays stacked in the middle Sometimes this repositioning is helpful especially at the beginning of the instrument design process in other cases it can position objects undesirably While doing instrument design it is important to save your instruments every 15 minutes with unique names e g file names osc 1 osc 2 etc Step By Step Design Reference 8 3 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual TASKS Task
212. ple rates are appropriate when frequency response and or fidelity may be compromised in order to accommodate small amounts of RAM and disk space for time waves The abundance of different sampling rates creates some incompatibilities between different pieces of hardware In general a time wave recorded by one digitizer e g the 8 bit digitizer may not be played by another digitizer e g MacSpeech Lab ID unless the playback digitizer supports the exact sampling rate at which the time wave was recorded There is one exception to this rule however the internal Mac Speaker accessible by either SoundScope 8 or SoundScope 16 regardless of hardware configuration supports all SoundScope sampling rates B 2 File Formats SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Appendix C Seams amp Things This following table describes which instructions and functions can be placed within a Segment Loop Instructions that work within a Segment Loop are not effected by scan breaks and subsequently can be used to process very long e g 1 billion points continuous streams of data This only applies to SuperScope II instruments built in Strip Chart mode Oscilloscope mode does not acquire data continuously across scans Please refer to the instruNet User s manual for details on the Strip Chart Oscilloscope and Oscilloscope Queued modes of data acquisition The power of the Segment Loop is that it allows users to design instruments that will acquire da
213. press OK to exit the Disk I O dialog When finished setting up the Add Rec task create a button called Add Rec that runs the Add Rec task 8 20 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual 6 Testing Press the New DB button to create a new folder and attach the DB pipe and then press the Add Rec button to save the current data into a new database record The Record Edit Field should increment from 0 to 1 and one should see the files saved to disk e g 0000001 W1 0000001 Notes after choosing Datapipe Folder DB under File 7 Create Load Rec task Choose New under Task and set the Name to Load Rec Use the Assignment and Disk I O instructions to set up the following task Task Begin Variable record Control Record Load journal Notes from disk Load wave energy from disk After each time you open the Disk I O instruction dialog choose Load wave journal objectName press the Options button select the Prefix file name with value Record checkbox press OK press the File button choose the datapipe i in the lower right corner to tell it to load from the pipe location select the 0000001 objectName file press the Open button and then press OK to exit the Disk I O dialog You need one Disk I O instruction for each object that you saved in your database When finished setting up the Load Rec task choose Options P Record under Control set up the On MouseUp run Load Rec area and then press O
214. r replaces existing data Delete Last Saved or Loaded File deletes the last saved or loaded wave or journal file respectively This pertains to any wave or any journal saved from a task or via the menubar Careful this feature will make you sad if not used properly e Append to end of wave For More Please see the Save As under Wave discussion in The Menubar chapter for more Information information 6 18 Instructions DISPLAYS Illustration Description Instructions SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Clear Calculate or Redraw Displays Display Clear display O Plot additional points O Show display Hide display O Clear Calculate and Redraw display O Calculate and Redraw display don t Clear O Clear Calculate and Redraw all displays which are not current with the latest data jie disniae data 3 Scroll display as needed O Shift the display left by gt Shift the display to the 0 000 position O Shift the display to the position O Use Variables Cancel Displays is used to clear calculate or redraw a display This is important since updating a display takes processor time and therefore should not be done redundantly or too seldom For related information please see the Clear amp Update Instruction Clear display causes a display to be cleared and for the redrawing to be inhibited Subsequently the display appears empty independent of resident waves Plot addi
215. r the list of Scan Loop End instructions that will execute in real time inside of the Segment Loop Clear amp Update causes the front panel to update displays as determined by settings in this instruction s dialog box Plot Segment Instructions which define the skeleton of the task Template Instructions appear in bold and cannot be moved They like instructions from the dictionary can however be edited by double clicking and entering their dialog box Examples of Template Instructions are Clear amp Update which determines what is updated on the front panel and when Task Begin which initializes objects and Trace Loop Begin which determines the number of traces which are digitized Programming 4 3 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual PROGRAM FLOW For the most part instructions are executed in sequence from the top of the task to the bottom however some instructions effect program flow i e cause instructions to execute out of order The Programming Instruction shown to the right provides the Add Subroutine fundamental programming constructs e g loop if jump jump to E subroutine etc For example the Jump command causes program Jump to Subroutine flow to divert to another location in the task Locations to jump to Add Label are identified with program labels These appear in a task as a Jump phrase with a colon suffix and are created with the Programming Instruction s Add Label command For details p
216. rd copies the contents of the journal or string to the clipboard The copied text can then be pasted into a spreadsheet word processor or database Copy into copies the contents of the primary journal or string i e upper most pop up into the specified journal or string Append onto appends the contents of the primary journal or string i e upper most pop up onto the end of the specified journal or string For example cd appended onto ab produces abcd Remove Row deletes the specified row Rows are separated by carriage returns r and the top most row is 1 The popup to the right of the Remove row number option allows the user to specify whether the row number that is to be removed is counted from either the bottom or from the top of the journal or string If the Use Variables button is clicked the edit field next to the Remove row number instruction will turn into a popup listing all SuperScope II variables and the row number to be removed will be specified by the value of the variable selected in the popup Remove Column deletes the specified column Columns are separated by tabs t in each line and the left most column is 1 The popup to the right of the 6 25 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Debugging Remove column number option allows the user to specify whether the column number that is to be removed is counted from either the left or from the right of the journal or string If the Use Varia
217. re task stop the Acquire task after several scans and then visit the printer to see one page printed per scan 8 26 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual To print one scan post acquisition Choose Print Setup under File select the Displays radio option under Print to tell it to print displays as opposed to the entire front panel select 1 e highlight the displays that show the digitized waves press OK to exit the Print Setup dialog and then choose Print under File To analyze attributes in a continuous stream with markers amp segments Create two markers named L and R via the Markers dialog discussed earlier create a segment that is defined as the section of W1 or any continuous stream that you want to analyze between the two markers choose Edit Acquire under Task to open the Task Editor press the V button to create a variable set its name to deltaT press OK and then set up the following task structure Initialize objects via Assignment instruction Marker L 0 00000 Variable deltaT 0 1000 Scan Loop Begin 1200 scans Segment Loop Begin Pull digitized segment out of controller Digitize Segment 200 points LookForSpike label is created with Label feature in the Programming instruction LookForSpike Move Marker instruction moves marker L to upstroke and sets system error variable to 1 if the upstroke was found 2 otherwise Move L to next W1 upstroke thr
218. ress the Format button in the Wave Options dialog See also PulseStartTimes PulseMaxTimes and TimeHisto Example 0 0867 0 02867 PulseEndTimes d1 2 0 5 PulseEndTimes finds two pulses one at time 0 00867 and another at time 0 02867 dl s sample period is 0 001 sample sec Functions amp Operators 7 59 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual PulseMaxTimes Parameters Description Example dl threshold schmidt Time Stamp Pulses dl wave or channel threshold scalar schmidt scalar PulseMaxTimes returns a list of times which correspond to pulse positions in d1 A pulse is registered when d1 rises above threshold schmidt and another pulse will not be registered until d1 falls below threshold The time is registered at the pulse s maximum value Schmidt is used to reduce false triggers due to noise and should be 3x to 5x larger than the typical noise level The length of the result wave depends on how many pulses are detected This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks The result wave must contain 32 bit floating values To view and modify internal wave data types press the Format button in the Wave Options dialog See also PulseStartTimes PulseEndTimes and TimeHisto 0 005 0 025 PulseMaxTimes d1 2 0 5 PulseMaxTimes finds two pulses one at time 0 005 and another at time 0 025 dl s sample period is 0 001 sample sec Functions amp Opera
219. ression W2 W2 7 would set add 7 to every point in W2 In an expression such as W2 5 3 Ain0 every point in W2 would be set to 5 3 times the value of the corresponding point in Ain0 If an operation is performed on two waveforms of unequal length SuperScope II assumes the missing points in the shorter waveform to be the identity element for the operation Note that sampling rate is ignored during all formula calculations For example if you instruct SuperScope II to add together two waveforms that were sampled at different rates the result will be their point wise sum not their time wise sum The resulting wave will always adopt the sample rate of the first argument For example if the wave Ain0 has a sample rate of twice that of the wave W2 in the formula W1 Ain0 W2 wave W1 will adopt Ain0 s sample rate However in the formula W1 W2 Ain0 W1 will adopt W2 s sample rate The AND and OR operators are used to perform binary bitwise AND and OR operations For example 5 AND 12 produce 4 01012 AND 11002 01002 and 5 OR 12 produce 13 01012 OR 11002 11019 Comparative operators make a test and then return 1 if TRUE and 0 if FALSE For example 1 lt 3 produces a 1 since 1 is less than 3 and 1 gt 3 produces a 0 since the statement is FALSE Functions amp Operators 7 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual COMPLEX NUMBERS Some functions require the use of complex numbers In SuperScope II this is ac
220. rrect sample period The Hamming window is defined as follows 27n WH n 10 54 0 46 x cos 5oints Isnspoints 0 otherwise Wave Hamm 16 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Hann points Create Hanning Window Parameters pointsscalar integer Description The Hann function generates a Hanning window of length points and is generally used in conjunction with the FFT function Weighting a signal with a Hanning window prior to calculating its Fourier Transform yields a more accurate spectral analysis because it eliminates some of the inaccuracies that result from performing a Fourier Transform on a signal of finite length To perform the weighting the signal to be weighted should be multiplied by the wave returned by Hann Points is rounded down to the nearest power of 2 e g Hann 1000 will return a Hanning window of size 512 When Hamn is used in conjunction with FFTO both functions should use the same value of points Since Hann returns a wave with an arbitrary sample period and the function processor uses the sample period of the first wave argument the Hanning window should always be the second argument in an equation For example freq Ain0 Hann 1024 will work well but freq Hann 1024 Ain0 will not have the correct sample period Definition The Hanning window is defined as follows 27n Wy n 0 0 5 x cos oints Lsnspoints 0 otherwise Example Wave Hann 16
221. rting out and can tolerate the repositioning of all front panel objects in the Assist Format use option A otherwise B A Choose Open P desiredTask under Task press the Assist button and then press OK to exit the Assist dialog Assist will automatically create a front panel button reposition all front panel objects give the new button the same name as the task and set up the task to run when the button is pressed B Choose New under Controls to create a new button and open its Options dialog change its Name to that of the target task to make the instrument easier to understand select On Mouse Up Run desiredTask press OK to close the dialog and create the button Choose Panel Edit On under Display resize and reposition as desired choose Panel Edit Off and then press the new button to run the task To create a Button that Prints the screen Choose Print Setup under File set the Print choice to Front Panel as opposed to selecting specific displays for printing press OK to exit Print Setup choose New under Task to create a task and open the Task Editor rename the task Print drag the Choose Menu instruction from the Instruction Dictionary into the Task region set the Menu popup to File and the Command popup to Print to choose Print under File when executed press OK to exit the Choose Menu instruction press OK to exit the Task Editor and then create a button that runs this task as described earlier To add a button that op
222. s desiredDisplay under Display choose Dots in the Plot popup edit the Width field dot width in pixels and then press OK To set the width of a display s plot line Choose Features desiredDisplay under Display choose Lines in the Plot popup edit the Width field line width in pixels and then press OK To change the grid pattern in a display Choose Features desiredDisplay under Display select the desired pattern in the Grid popup and then press OK To change the horizontal or vertical scale or position controls on a display Choose Controls desiredDisplay under Display select the desired controls in the popups and then press OK For more details refer to the Controls discussion under Display in Chapter 3 of the Reference Manual To place a PICT picture on the front panel Copy a PICT picture to the clipboard via something like MacPaint choose Panel Edit On under Display click at the target position on the front panel choose Paste under Edit position the PICT as desired by dragging and then choose Panel Edit Off under Display 8 8 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual JOURNALS Journals are text regions that are used to enter view and edit text in a manner similar to that done with a word processor With commands in the menubar the user can Clear Save View Copy to Clipboard Print Delete and Create Journals Also the contents of Journals are easily saved to
223. s gain and to set sample rate and number of data points to be acquired Please refer to the instruNet Menu section of this manual for details on setting up instruNet channel parameters Digitizing tasks support all of the input and output channels of instruNet Digitizers are represented as templates in a task as outlined in the Hardware discussion that follows and in the Programming chapter Edit opens the Task Editor which is used to OOOO Tesk e create edit and debug tasks Task Begin Each task is composed ofa Mowe M3 to absolute time X of FFT list of instructions which can Mawe Ma to neet Win imon ai FPT ere Marker M3 amp wave FFT intersection value to PeakFFT 2 exist 1n any number and in Insert Max FFT value into journal Results any order When a task is If String PeakFFT gt 4 500 then A d text to th dof A It ith data f tri Feak FFT run instructions are executed P PA a E UA gree ae in order from top to bottom If end There are over 19 different Insert Low into journal Results instructions types and each is packed with features For example the Calculate Wave Analysis ane instruction supports over 80 Ea o Mte hane a eee waveform functions and Pulse Analysis operators e g deriv fft Statistics cos etc Fora Soteria description of each please consult the Instructions Chapter The user adds an instruction to a task by dragging it s name from the Instruction Dictio
224. s are sequences of instructions that perform a series of operations For example one could write a task to record data analyze the acquired data update the screen and then print the results Tasks are created viewed edited and debugged and can be set up to run when a button is pressed One programs tasks using a simple mouse dialog user interface The neat thing about programming SuperScope II is the user does not need to know a syntax the mouse driven dialog boxes take care of you For more details please refer to Chapter 4 Instrument Design of the User s Manual and the Task Menu discussion in Chapter 3 The Menu Bar of the Reference Manual INSTRUCTIONS Instructions are the building blocks of tasks There are different kinds of Instructions each dedicated to a specific function e g save a wave to disk move a marker choose a menu command etc A task contains a list of instructions that are executed in the order that they appear in the task and each instruction is viewed in its own dialog edited cut copied amp pasted For more details on each Instruction please refer to the latter part of Chapter 4 Instrument Design in the User s Guide and Chapter 6 Instructions in the Reference Manual where each instruction appears in alphabetical order To create a task that digitizes Choose New Digitizer under Task to create a task that digitizes change the name of the task to Acquire via the Name field in lower right corner
225. s given For example if it is given 3 traces of length 100 100 and 100 the resultant waves will be of length 98 100 and 100 Another example of seamless compatible analysis is the Pulse Analysis instruction A seam which occurs in the middle of a pulse is nicely taken care of by automatically storing the first part of the pulse to be analyzed with the following trace For details on which instructions are support seamless and point by point analysis please refer to the Seams and Things appendix Data Acquisition SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual THE DIGITIZING TASK If you create a Digitizing Task in SuperScope II a minimal set of Task Begin instructions will automatically be put into that task by Scan Loop Begin 2 scans SuperScope II to facilitate data acquisition This minimal Segment Loop Begin instruction set that appears in a Digitizing Task is shown to the Digitize Segment 1000 right The added instructions will always appear in bold letters as opposed to the non bolded letters of user added instructions and none of these instructions can be deleted or moved with segeent Poop End respect to each other This same instruction will appear for all 3 Clear e Update modes Strip Chart Oscilloscope amp Oscillo Queued Scan Loop End Plot Segment The user is free to add instructions from the instruction dictionary to the end of or in between the bolded instructions in a Digitizing task Keep in mind that where
226. s in the textural representation of that number being placed into the string e g 1 23412 Transferring a value from a string results in the string being scanned for a number If a Parametern number is not is found e g hi 0 000 a aa osom Ce oe Delete Revert The String Options dialog illustrated above manages string objects The New button creates a new string the Delete button deletes the string shown in the upper most pop up menu the Name field is used to view and edit the object s name and the Units field is used to view and edit the objects engineering units label which is used in some calculations The text area is very powerful since it supports the standard Cut Copy Paste and user typing just like a journal or text editor window In the above dialog string S1 is shown as containing Now is the time for all good women and men to come to the aid of their country THE VARIABLE DIALOG Variables are used to hold one 32 bit floating point value e g 16 2 3 1 34e6 They are easily created Uariable eid renamed and deleted and their values are easily viewed and edited Many task instructions transfer values to and from variables Name The Variable Options dialog illustrated above manages alie variable objects The New button creates a new Units variable the Delete button deletes the variable shown in the upper most pop up menu the Value field is used to view and ed
227. s of vertical engineering units horizontal engineering units For example the area under dl 1 2 3V with a 50us sample period would be 1 2 3 50e 6 0 0003 Volts e Seconds Beware that this might cause overflow or underflow if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 See also Integ IntegA V IntegPT and IntegTV Let s be the sample period of d1 and let TimeList contain times in order t1 t2 The index numbers nj corresponding to the times in TimeList is nj t s with ng 0 Then for nj lt n lt nj n Result n Ydl j j n 1 Wave IntegTL d1 timeList e dl s sample period is Isec e timeList 3 9 14 17 di Wave 20 Reset 1 Reset 3 Reset 3 Reset 2 oe Reset td Reset 2 Reset 4 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual IntegTV d1 threshold Integrate amp Reset at threshold Parameter Description Definition Functions amp Operators dl wave or channel threshold scalar IntegTV computes the indefinite integral of the parameter wave below upward crossings of a horizontal line at the parameter threshold After the wave increases beyond the threshold IntegTV resets and immediately stops accumulating new area After the wave decreases below the thre
228. same manner as Strings described above except one presses the V button instead of the S button in the Task Editor To read amp write values to and from strings and variables Many task instructions read and write values to and from strings and variables e g Statistics Analog amp Digital I O Arithmetic Assignment Curve Fitting Get Time RS 232 In general one must drag one of these instructions from the Instruction Dictionary into the task area and set up its instruction dialog to transfer a value to or from a specified string and or variable Numerical values sent to strings are sent as text e g 1 243 Step By Step Design Reference 8 15 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Controls and Indicators allow the adjustment of Boolean true false Border gt Label values scalars lists and text These objects appear in a variety of A styles sizes fonts and colors and their states are easily read and Ruler row updated with task instructions In general these objects are viewed Major as variables by the instructions they contain a name and a value Data Tick except a graphical thing is tied to the value For example a button s Range value is 1 if pressed O otherwise A knob s value is its position Tasks can read and modify the state of Controls and Indicators Minor Tick Increment Digital To create a Control or Indicator Readout Choose New Control or New Indicator und
229. scan 4 Wait for mouse down causes the task to freeze until the mouse button is pressed Wait for mouse up causes the task to freeze until the mouse button is depressed Wait for key press causes the task to freeze until the specified key is pressed Specify r for the Return key t for the Tab key and b for the Delete Delay causes the task to pause for the designated number of seconds before executing the next instruction The delay is accurate to 25us if an instruNet SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual controller is installed otherwise the durations are accurate to 16ms The maximum delay time is 23 hours Synchronize paces a programmed loop such that a set of instructions are executed at a constant rate In the example to the right the synchronize feature is used to sound 5 beeps at 2 second intervals The sync interval is accurate to 25us if an instruNet Loop end controller is installed Task Begin Loop 3 times Delay for 2 00000 seconds Beep Display message causes an alert box to appear with the specified message The task freezes until the user presses the OK button Use Variables allows the user to specify any SuperScope II variable to define the Delay for or Synchronize to options If the Use Variables box is checked the edit fields next to Delay for and Synchronize to will turn into popups where the user can select a variable 6 6 Instructions ARITHMETIC Illustration Descripti
230. se the dialog and then reposition the front panel objects manually i e choose Panel Edit On under Display reposition manually and then choose Panel Edit Off Choose Edit acquireTask under Task drag the Programming instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the position after the Digitize Scan instruction or Digitize Segment if you don t mind stopping in the middle of a scan select f Then in the list area press the Edit Conditional button set up Control Stop Value 1 0 i e if the stop button is down in the popups press OK and press OK to return to the Task Editor Then drag the Assignment instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the line below If Control Stop 1 0 then set up Control Stop Value 0 0 i e push the button back out in the popups and press OK Drag the Alert Beep or Delay instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the line below Control Stop 0 0 select the Stop Task or Break out of Scan Loop radio press OK to return to the Task Editor press OK to return to the front panel To test press the front panel Acquire button to run and then press the Stop button to stop Note that the value of a button is 1 0 if down and 0 0 if up Step By Step Design Reference 8 5 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual 8 6 Step By Step Design Reference SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual USER INTERFACE To create a Button that runs a task If you are sta
231. shold IntegT VO starts accumulating new area again The values returned by IntegT V are in units of vertical engineering units horizontal engineering units For example the area under d1 1 2 3V with a 50us sample period would be 1 2 3 50e 6 0 0003 Volts e Seconds Beware that this might cause overflow or underflow if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 This function works with seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks See also Integ IntegA V IntegPTO and IntegTL Let ng be the greatest integer m lt n such that 1 d1 m gt Threshold and 2 d1 m 1 lt Threshold Then n Result n d1f j J No SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Example Wave IntegTV Argl Threshold Threshold 7 38 Functions 4 Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual IntegTH d1 threshold Integrate amp Reset at threshold Parameter Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators dl wave or channel threshold scalar IntegTH computes the indefinite integral of the parameter wave both above and below upward crossings of a horizontal line at the parameter threshold After the wave increases beyond the threshold IntegTH resets and immediately starts accumulating new are
232. splay to put the mouse in vertical adjust mode select the desired wave by clicking on its wave label at the display left edge and then drag the wave up and down as desired When a wave has been vertically adjusted 1ts values will no longer correspond to the vertical scale and a symbol will accompany its wave label To snap a wave back into registration click once on its symbol To view wave values at the mouse position Choose Show Cursor under Edit to open the Cursor window and then position the mouse in the display Another way to do this is to create a marker as described later and then add a label at the top of the marker to show the wave value at the marker position To graphically edit a wave in a display To Cut Copy and Paste wave snippets within a display choose Mouse P Edit under Display to put the mouse in Edit mode select the desired wave by clicking on its wave label at the display left edge and then drag across a wave region to select it From here you can choose Cut Copy or Paste under Edit Waves are saved to the clipboard as a column of numbers and can be pasted into other programs such as a spreadsheet To Draw on a wave choose Mouse P Draw under Display to put the mouse in Draw mode select the desired wave by clicking on 1ts wave label at the display left edge and then draw as desired Drawing can be done with Grid Snap On or Off as specified under Display To view the contents of the clipboard Cho
233. standing of SuperScope II by doing Chapters 2 3 and 4 Tutorial of the User s Manual It is recommended that you following these instructions in the order they are presented WHAT IS SUPERSCOPE IT SuperScope II is software for the Apple Macintosh computer that can digitize with the help of instruNet hardware analyze calculate graph and database waveforms in real time It includes standard ready to go instruments such as a Strip Chart Recorder Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer SuperScope II can digitize long e g 100M Bytes continuous waveforms spool them to disk plot and analyze every point allow on line annotation and then allow post acquisition viewing it s the ultimate strip chart recorder SuperScope II can monitor and control RS 232 devices read analog inputs A D control analog outputs D A and do digital I O It can export data to a spreadsheet word processor database graphing or math program SuperScope II is a Laboratory Instrumentation Design Environment that can be used to build Virtually any software instrument Building these instruments is as easy as setting up an Excel spreadsheet or a Filemaker database SuperScope II is a full featured application program like Excel or Filemaker and NOT a programming language like C BASIC or LabVIEW BUILD ON AN EXISTING INSTRUMENT In some cases the user begins with an instrument supplied with SuperScope II These contain Help journals with extensive documentation and ca
234. strumentation News Oct 87 page 59 entitled 3 term PID algorithm optimizes control strategies For an example use of PIDO please see the PID example in the More Instruments folder output i P ferror 1 sampleTime I sum error k D sampleTime deltaErr i where error i setPoint 1 currentValue i deltaErr i error i 3 error i 1 3 error i 2 error i 3 6 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Example output PID setPoint output input currentValue fe setPoint P I D 7 58 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual PulseEndTimes d1 threshold schmidt Time Stamp Pulses Parameters d1 wave or channel threshold scalar schmidt scalar Description PulseEndTimes returns a list of times which correspond to pulse positions in dl A pulse is registered when dl rises above threshold schmidt and another pulse will not be registered until d1 falls below threshold The time is registered when the pulse falls below the threshold level If two points straddle threshold the function interpolates Schmidt is used to reduce false triggers due to noise and should be 3x to 5x larger than the typical noise level The length of the result wave depends on how many pulses are detected This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks The result wave must contain 32 bit floating values To view and modify internal wave data types p
235. t mode To select a range of values simply drag the mouse over any series of cells Although the File menu is disabled the keyboard equivalents for Cut X Copy C and Paste V work as expected The Delete key has the same effect as Cut and the Enter key will accept changes and exit the dialog Several display options are available The two Format radios determines whether points are displayed in Decimal or Hexadecimal form e g decimal 25 in hexadecimal form is 0x019 Hexadecimal can only be selected when displaying 16bit integer Internal data The Units option specifies whether values are displayed in engineering units e g 10 to 10Volts values or Internal units e g 32768 to 32767 values from a 16bit A D converter Internal units only apply to 16 bit integer waveforms Independent of the display options data is always Cut Copied or Pasted in engineering units The Typing option controls the behavior of the Tab and Return keys In Overwrite mode pressing Tab or Return moves the cursor one cell to the right In Insert mode Tab or Return inserts a new cell increasing the total length of the wave by one point Finally the upper most Wave pop up menu allows you to select another wave segment or selection Caution Only 3 digits after the decimal are shown in the Wave Editor yet more precision is stored internally 16bit integer waves often have a least significant bit value of 0 000305 i e 20 65536 and 32bit floating poi
236. t s wave labels becomes highlighted to indicate that this wave 1s selected within the display Wave labels located in each wave label region correspond to the names of each wave in that Segit display These labels will not appear if the Add Wave Labels option is turned off in the Display Features dialog A waveform can be selected by clicking it s wave label this causes it s label to become highlighted A selected wave can be modified using the mouse modes Edit Draw Move Marker Log Coords Vertical Adjust which are described under the Mouse command in the Display menu Double clicking a wave label causes it s Wave dialog box to appear This action is 2 2 The Front Panel SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual equivalent to choosing the Wave command for that wave To de select a waveform without selecting another one click anywhere in the wave label region not occupied by a wave label If there is only one wave in a display selecting that display causes the one resident wave to become selected independent of whether or not the wave label region is shown OPTION AND CLOVERLEAF KEYS All tasks can be stopped by choosing cloverleaf period To learn about undocumented Option and keys please open file choose Open under Journal Hidden Features note in the Programmer s Notes folder inside the Goodies folder This file expects tabs every 4 characters 1 e choose Options under Journal and then set the Ta
237. ta on multiple channels analyze the data as it is being acquired view the incoming data and the results of the analysis in real time and save both the acquired data and analysis to disk Please refer to the SuperScope User s manual tutorial chapters for information on building instruments that use the Segment Loop Alert Beep amp Delay Arithmetic Assignment Calculate Wave Choose Menu Clear amp Update Curve Fitting Datapipes Disk I O Displays Filter Get time Journals amp Strings Log Marker Move Marker Plot Points Programming Pulse Analysis Read Wave Internals RS 232 Set Wave Internals Sound Statistics Statistics Synthesize Trace Loop Begin Transcendental User Interface User Prompt Seams amp Things show alert beep or delay scalar arithmetic transfer scalar value waveform mathematics menu amp keyboard access display control do a least squares curve fit file pathname control tsfr wave journal to from disk clear calculate or redraw display FIR filter 20us timebase journal amp string utilities record marker position move a marker plot waveform points control program flow analyze pulses get wave parameters communicate via RS 232 set wave parameters analyze speech calculate waveform statistics synthesize waveform data trace loop control scalar transcendental functions monitor keyboard amp mouse show custom alert Supports Seamless n a n a n a Traces see next ta
238. tents of each display with user define text This Spectrum text is shown in the upper left corner of each display and is both enabled and defined in the Display Features dialog The display region is used to graphically display waveforms as dots line j e segments or bars ll gio The optional wave label region located along the left edge of a display labels the waves Seq1it in the display This feature is enabled disabled for each display in the Display Features dialog via lt Add wave labels The Finder uses a noun verb metaphor with it s icons The user first selects an icon noun and then operates on it verb with a menu command or keypress The SuperScope II front panel uses the same noun verb metaphor The user selects a front panel journal display or wave within a display with a simple mouse press and then operates on that object e g enter notes into a journal edit a wave segment etc It is necessary to do this with multiple targets since the computer needs to know where to direct mouse and keyboard activity When a front panel journal is selected it s scrollbars become active Once active all keyboard activity are directed to the journal To select a display click the mouse anywhere within the display or label regions Double clicking the wave label region of a selected display opens its Display dialog and is equivalent to choosing the Display command for that display When a display is selected one of i
239. time send first 10 characters of Task of the Task Editor instruction text to journal Task10 if it exists E At run time send Task instruction text to journal The Show Debugger buttons checkbox is Task80 if it exists used to show hide the Go Step Stop buttons at the upper right of the Task Editor The Limit Go execution to 5sec per instruction checkbox is used to slow Go execution to at least 5seconds per instruction to help the user watch the task run If this checkbox is non checked the task executes as fast as it can f 7 x i z A The At run time send execution times 16ms to journal Bench 1f it Task Analyze Date 74 0 exists checkbox is used to enable the benchmark feature which causes the execute time seconds and instruction text for each executed instruction to be written to journal Bench if a journal by that name o exists For example in the printout to the right the Loop 3 times 2 646090 Clear Calcula instruction took 320us to execute Benchmark times are accurate to O 125480 Wojced Woi cer 25us if an instruNet controller is installed If an instruNet controller 0 017720 Move M1 to ab a a a Task Begin 008300 Clear at begint is not installed and you are running under System 27 0 otherwise the 017580 Move MZ to abse durations are accurate to 16ms 000320 Loop 3 times 037560 Fulse analysis The At run time send first 10 characters of Task Analyze Date 774 92 Time 15 41 50
240. tional points causes points that have not yet been plotted to be plotted Show display Hide display causes a display to be visible or hidden Clear Calculate and Redraw display causes the display to be redrawn Calculate and Redraw display don t Clear causes the display to be redrawn without clearing old data before drawing Subsequently old and new data is shown simultaneously This is useful for viewing a set of scans in one display Log display data has the same affect as clicking the Log button in an Analysis or Snapshot display in SoundScope This option is only applicable to SoundScope Clear Calculate and Redraw all displays which are not current with the latest data causes all displays with new data to be redrawn Scroll display as needed causes the display to be scrolled such that the last point 6 19 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual of the wave is shown in the display Shift the display left by causes the display to be scrolled by the specified quantity If the Use Variables option is enabled the edit field will turn into a popup where the amount of the shift is specified by the value of the variable Shift the display to the position causes the display to be scrolled to the specified left edge position plus 2 divisions Shift the display to the variable popups position causes the display to be scrolled to the left edge position specified by the value of the variable in the popup The
241. tl 7 58 Pulse Start Mesta 7 59 ReAl a a ian sates o E aeursakaa ta sienrtmenaee even G 7 60 REP E hens uae eae R een te sees 7 61 R verse LIA ee seat eA ene eho dat Me duh th oA ttn io i oe 7 62 SA A A TNA 7 63 Ms e e el Cta da 7 64 A E 7 65 MEE A de ee ieee AA A ea eh A ah tne el AS 7 66 A aa e ll eta 7 67 SMOG Sonare o o sien A tee A N EAT aS 7 68 DOL eea eee e a e EA o 7 69 SPCCHUM A A ies 7 70 A sue ba tales a o a vets E E E E A E EE S ETOS 7 71 Tan a ai rs 1 72 Time SO ta at a a oda 7 73 Time Vall s vue a cal ae a bose vee aetna toes see i abe oats ats abe ae oe ake eee 7 74 IN A A date Slate Quer etal a e ae aoaaa 7 75 Noldor E E ESA 7 76 CHAPTER 8 STEP BY STEP DESIGN REFERENCE OVERVIEW A Se os oa es Reed ence oa A A A SoM eel Sdn ve tees 8 1 Whats Super scope DS 8 1 Build on an Existing Instrument 0 0 dd adan 8 1 Six Phases of Instrument Desin taaan ode pd iaa 8 1 The Oscilloscope amp Strip Chart Models rin rod rod oie dap iii dd 8 2 ThE ASIS EFECOM A A A AS a e Dada 8 3 MASKS EAS A AAA A A E a IO 8 4 INSHUICHONS ieee oe cette o a ee NN de y ed 8 4 User Interface A ened A ecg Peden eh a eae Dacha vee cae ee 8 6 Table Of Contents TC 3 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Displays T a seit ooh og ig 8 7 RR 8 8 Waves Channels Segments amp Selected IS AAA 8 10 Markers circa Sui nE A A AA TR 8 13 Malla ples anc A UTN 8 14 Controls and Indicatif Saurer e n a ao tty tan E E AEE A AER NS 8 15 AE 8 17
242. tors PulseStartTimes Parameters Description Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual dl threshold schmidt Time Stamp Pulses d1 wave or channel threshold scalar schmidt scalar PulseStartTimes returns a list of times which correspond to pulse positions in d1 A pulse is registered when dl rises above threshold schmidt and another pulse will not be registered until d1 falls below threshold The time is registered when the pulse rises above threshold schmidt If two points straddle this value the function interpolates Schmidt is used to reduce false triggers due to noise and should be 3x to 5x larger than the typical noise level The length of the result wave depends on how many pulses are detected This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks The result wave must contain 32 bit floating values To view and modify internal wave data types press the Format button in the Wave Options dialog See also PulseEndTimes PulseMaxTimes and TimeHisto 0 002 0 022 PulseStartTimes d1 2 0 5 PulseStartTimes finds two pulses one at time 0 002 and another at time 0 022 dl s sample period is 0 001 sample sec SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Parameters Description Definition Example Real d1 Return Real Parts of Complex Wave d1 wave or channel Real returns a wave which is half the length of the parameter wav
243. tosh and LaserWriter are registered trademarks of Apple Computer Inc MacRecorder is a registered trademark and SoundEdit is a trademark of Farallon Computing Inc Audiomedia is a registered trademark of Digidesign Inc Apple VideoRoommates is a registered trademark of Bose Corporation instruNet SuperScope SoundScope SoundScope SuperScope II MacADIOS and MacSpeech Lab are registered trademarks of GW Instruments Inc Introduction 1 3 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual 1 4 Introduction SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter 2 The Front Panel The SuperScope II front panel is composed of objects that are easily created resized and positioned by the user A typical front panel is illustrated below title bar marker name q auto vertical scale adj horiz marker value auto horizontal scale adj vert value status bar titlebar a ZZ 1 m A journal f eg 54 88503 240 zor EZ vertical E scroll 47 851559 4 142 l grid 45 500434 4 794 horiz 29 062496 7 282 scroll plot region PICT marker wave vertical axis label vertical position scrollbar wave label adjust icon scale adjust selected aa wave wave label region horizontal horizontal axis horizontal scale segment position scroll label adjustable The Front Panel 2 1 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual The title bar can be used to move the front panel around the screen by clicking and dragging The title
244. transfer to journal process often transfers text into a holding buffer before writing it out to a journal This buffer is typically flushed by the Clear amp Update instruction however it is sometimes necessary to do it manually with the Update all journals feature To debug use the Task Editor button to view the source and result journals before and after the Journal amp Strings instruction Viewing journals can be done visually from the front panel or via Show under Edit in the case of a window based journal Strings can be viewed from the String dialog which is accessed by pressing the Task Editor button To switch from one string to the next click on the String dialog s upper most pop up menu Instructions LOG MARKER VALUES SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Access Marker Related Data Illustration Transfer value point time daytime set value Marker and Wave un Intersection value to O Wave w PJvariable error m i O Journal oi O String retUalue 8proas Bi Ocontro o Lui Gotha Description This instruction is used to analyze the intersection of a marker and wave or to set the value of a wave where a marker intersects it Two pop up menus at the top of the dialog are used to specify a wave marker intersection Given the intersection one can extract the value of the wave at the marker position i e the value of the closest w
245. truments more data is acquired than can fit into computer RAM To manage this situation SuperScope II breaks up the recorded data into manageable chunks i e typically 1K to 10K points called scans which are collected each time the Digitizing Task goes through the Scan Loop i e Digitize Clear amp Update Consecutive scans are seamless with respect to their digitized data yet are analyzed presented and stored to disk in blocks of finite length SuperScope II takes care of making sure that the last point of one scan and the first point of the next scan are continuous i e no data is lost across scans as described in 1 below SuperScope II also runs analysis correctly across the scans as described in 2 below 1 The first point of the first trace is viewed as occurring at time 0 and the first point of subsequent traces are viewed at occurring at times which correspond to the last point of the preceding trace plus one sample period Therefore time 0 only occurs once when the task is run 2 Instructions which do analysis automatically insure that resultant data is not adversely effected by the fact that the consecutive blocks are analyzed at different times For example the derivative function deriv keeps track of the last few points of the previous trace so that it can make an accurate slope calculation at the beginning of the trace A by product of this is that deriv will not necessarily return the same number of points that it i
246. ts is rounded down to the nearest power of two e g InvFFT 1000 is equivalent to InvFFT 512 The result is scaled such that InvFFT FFT wave points wave For an example use of FFTQ or for a discussion on imaginary numbers please see the beginning of this chapter See also Spectrum FETO MvFFTQ Mag Imag Phase and Real points 1 j27akn Result n 7 d1 k xe points k 1 Wave InvFFT dl 8 NO Threshold 100 so y a Y so a00 Functions amp Operators Last al Parameters Description Definition Example Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Data From Last Scan al wave channel or scalar The Last function returns data which was contained in al during the previous scan In scan 1 Last returns a wave of length zero if the argument is a wave or the value zero for a scalar argument If al is a wave or channel a wave or channel is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned Last can only be called during an digitizer based task Result n alt 1 n for a wave or channel Result alt for a scalar Wave Last Ain0 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Limit d1 Uthresh Lthresh Clip Above and Below Parameters dl wave or channel Uthresh scalar Lthresh scalar Description The Limit function clips the parameter wave d1 Values that do not fall between Lthresh and Uthresh are replaced by Lthresh and Uthresh r
247. ts with the mouse holds down the Option key and then taps on the LT keys This is very similar to working with rectangles in MacDraw SuperScope II prohibits shrinking displays below a practical minimum size to ensure readable content Individual items within a objects cannot be resized independent of the object Should displays or journals overlap a warning is issued i e Invalid Panel in status bar and the user is prohibited from leaving design mode until the overlapping is eliminated A PICT file 72 dpi picture file can be placed onto the front panel by first transferring it to the clipboard with Cut or Copy and then moving it to the display with the Paste command Also PICTs can be Cut or Copied from the ofl i a SuperScope II front panel to the clipboard Since front panel __ aura s Acquisition Analysts displays journals and so forth are not PICTs they cannot be moved to or from the clipboard 3 18 The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Panel Options is used to specify several front pane A characteristics such as background color and resizing Front Panel Options de ai Background color The Background Color pop up menu is used to specify a Blue Black or White front panel background color This setting does not affect the coloring of individual Sizing options O Object size fined displays If Object Size Fixed is selected all front Object size proportional panel o
248. ture Notice that the INPUT line shows text before it has been run through the formatter and that 0 We At An control characters are shown as 0 r t and n Viewing control characters in this visible format is very helpful since unseen control characters are infamous for causing unexpected results To check your computer cables and software connect the RS 232 transmit signal to the RS 232 receive signal i e connect DB25 connector pin 2 to pin 3 output text via the RS 232 instruction and see if it comes back i e append results to a journal The Macintosh provides a simple implementation of RS 232 If your device requires a more complex implementation e g one that uses several additional control signals you are in trouble Figuring out if you are in trouble or not is best determined empirically try it and if it works you know you are not in trouble Unfortunately you cannot do better then this The book referred to below can be helpful in complicated cases If things are not working try placing a Null Modem connector available from Radio Shack in line Make sure you apply 1 4V to the Macintosh Mini DIN8 connector pin 8 This is done automatically by the GWI RS232 cbl cable via power from the Apple Desktop Bus If the ADB connector portion of this cable is not connected to the Macintosh ADB port you will probably incur trouble The null character ASCII 0 0x00 M0 will not appear in a journa
249. ty is processed is selected in the popup e Other tasks If this is enabled and more than one task is running at a time then the instruction execution for each task is interwoven What do they call that Multitasking e Flexible wave lengths Tasks run faster if the wave lengths are set that the beginning of the task and remain unchanged during task execution This is done at the expense of flexible wave lengths If the Stop task if mouse button is pressed checkbox is enabled the task will stop execution at the end of the current instruction if the mouse button is pressed And if the Upon a mouse down abort show an alert checkbox is enabled when the abort occurs an alert will appear to tell you what you did Optionally one can enable a beep to occur Delete disposes of the task selected in the delete submenu Once a task is deleted it s gone Unless it was saved there is no recall Open reads in a task from disk Please see Save As below for a discussion on tasks that reference objects that just do no exist Save As writes the specified task to disk prompting a file name and location folder with the standard File Save dialog One gets into trouble very quickly when a task is loaded into an instrument that does not contain all referenced objects e g the task calculates W1 W2 W3 and wave W1 does not exist If an instruction cannot find a referenced object it is marked Invalid Instruction in
250. typical wave as calculated with default settings of 10 and 90 In general v1 and v2 should be outside the interval between falling threshold and rising threshold but not so far apart that normal variation in the input stream causes the wave to cross either line several times in a single pulse Exit instruction after finding pulse is used to exit the Pulse Analysis instruction after finding each pulse If this checkbox is not checked all pulses are analyzed in one execution of the Pulse Analysis instruction Exiting after finding each pulse is useful if you want move markers to each pulse and then do further analysis on the segment between those two markers For example if your signal requires a sloped threshold i e you have a drifting baseline you might want to define seg as segment from marker M1 to M2 of wave W1 and then analyze each pulse via this segment deriv DerivFivePt W1 loop 5 times Pulse Analysis on deriv t1 to M1 t5 to M2 Pulse Analysis on seg loop end In the above task we find pulses by analyzing the derivative of the source wave i e W1 move two markers to each segment and then do pulse analysis on that segment This instruction typically supports seamless scans and is not effected by scan breaks subsequently it can be used to process very long e g 1 billion points continuous streams of data For example if the user processes ten seamless 1K point scans in Strip Chart mode the result is identica
251. ual much RAM as the raw data SuperScope II does not compete with the tape recorder paper strip chart recorder graphing program or math package each are complementary and offer a specialty SuperScope II s specialty is doing analysis database and presentation in real time The tape recorder is good at storing long waveforms the paper strip chart is good at producing a real time paper tracing the graphics package is good at non real time presentation quality graphics and the math package is good at non real time symbolic math To Build An Oscilloscope Or Strip Chart Choose New Instrument under File to delete all existing objects choose New under Wave and click the Link to instruNet checkbox This will open the instruNet Channel dialog which is used to specify which instruNet channel is linked to this particular SuperScope II wave Select channel Ch1 Vin in the Channel popup Click OK to exit the dialog and click Assist in the Wave dialog Assist will automatically do the following create a display give the new display the same name as the Wave place the Wave into the new display and reposition all front panel objects in the Assist format as described in the Assist inset Select New Digitizer under Task and double click on the Digitize Segment instruction to open the Digitize Segment dialog To build a Strip Chart instrument select Strip Chart in the Scan Mode popup To build a Oscilloscope instrument select either Oscillosco
252. ult n Val n for a wave or channel Result val fora scalar Wave Sqrt d1 4 dl thts E f e si FE ell 2 4 Wave 4 40 01 1044 PP E i qa 2 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Tan al Parameters Description Definition Example Tangent al wave channel or scalar The Tan function returns the tangent of the parameter If al is a wave or channel the calculation is made on each point of al and a wave is returned If al is a scalar a scalar is returned The angles are expected to be in radians This function supports seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks Result n tan al n for a wave or channel Result tan al fora scalar Wave Tan d1 dl Wave a 1 _ 1 m paa 7 a _a a 2 3 4 516 8 9 10111213141516 19181920 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual TimeHisto d1 threshold bins Time Histogram Parameters dl wave or channel threshold scalar integer schmidt scalar integer bins scalar integer Description TimeHisto creates a time histogram of d1 and returns the result in a wave of length bins The histogram shows the number of pulses above threshold that occur in each time range A pulse is registered when dl rises above threshold schmidt and another pulse will not be registered until d1 falls below threshold The time is registered at the pulse s maximum value
253. umulating new area The values returned by IntegPT are in units of vertical engineering units horizontal engineering units For example the area under d1 1 2 3V with a 50us sample period would be 1 2 3 50e 6 0 0003 Volts Seconds Beware that this might cause overflow or underflow if the result wave is of type 16bit integer e g a 16bit integer wave with a 32K to 10V mapping supports a maximum value of 10V and a minimum value of 000305V 10V 32768 therefore a value of 0 0001 would be rounded down to 0 0 This function works with seamless scans and is not affected by scan breaks See also Integ IntegA V IntegTL and IntegTV n Result n Yd1 Result j d1 j when Time j gt time j l Wave IntegPT d1 5 d s sample period is Isec YA A 0 BEE 4 7 10 E 16 19 ae a m E g E Functions amp Operators 7 35 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual IntegTL d1 timeList Integrate amp Reset at Listed Times Parameter d1 wave or channel timeList wave or channel Description IntegTL computes the indefinite integral of the first parameter wave between the Definition Example times listed in the second parameter wave At each time listed in timeList IntegTL resets and immediately begins accumulating a new area IntegTL expects that timeList will contain a list of times in chronological order and discards any times out of order The values returned by IntegTL are in unit
254. unction For a discussion on complex numbers please refer to the beginning pages of this chapter See Also MakeComplex Mag Real and Imaginary Phase returns values that range from 7 to 7 d1 2n imagina Definition Result n tan aT tan eum Example Wave Phase d1 d1 Via aS Wave LT m n vee Pk 0 s 1 2 3 7 56 Functions amp Operators PID d1 Parameters Description Definition Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual PID Feedback Loo currentValue wave or channel setPoint wave or channel P proportional term I integration term D derivative term PIDO is the most common algorithm that controls quantities such as temperatures pressures and velocities The currentValue parameter is the current value of the quantity being controlled the setPoint is the target quantity P is the proportional term I is the integration term and D is the derivative term The derivative term uses a 3 point filter described below to reduce susceptibility to noise PIDO must be placed within a segment loop in order to operate correctly To limit the output term s maximum value create a variable named _PIDmaxV and set it s value to the output maximum e g 9 995V not 10 000 To limit the output term s minimum value create a variable named _PIDminV and set it s value to the output minimum e g 10 000 PIDO is based on an article in Personal Engineering amp In
255. undScope Reference Manual 6 57 SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Chapter 7 Functions amp Operators In SuperScope II waves can be defined as functions of other waves and themselves using the Calculate Wave instruction This chapter explains the functions operators and data used in that instruction OPERATORS SuperScope II supports the standard arithmetic operators listed below Symbol Name Operation add add two operands subtract subtract two operands E multiply multiply two operands divide divide two operands AND bitwise and binary AND operation on internal bits OR bitwise or binary OR operation on internal bits lt less than return 1 if less than 0 otherwise gt greater than return if greater than 0 otherwise lt less than or equal to return 1 if less than O otherwise gt greater than or equal to return if greater than 0 otherwise equal to return 1 if equal to O otherwise l not equal to return if not equal to 0 otherwise All operators are binary they operate on two arguments A waveform is an array of numbers that represent successive values of a signal When an operation is performed between two waveforms it is performed on a point by point basis When an operation is performed between a scalar and a waveform the scalar is applied to every point in the wave For example the expression W2 W1 would set every point in W2 to the value of the corresponding point in W1 while the exp
256. ut0 Lights indicate the state of a Boolean true false value control a scalar quantity Channel 0 Numeric Fields control a scalar quantity or a text string The Menubar SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual FILE Lo often initiate the execution of a task Offset 1 Dials control a continuos or quantitized scalar quantity Duration 12 52 Static Text shows a scalar quantity or a text string Mew Control New Indicator New Graphic Options Delete Switches specify a true false Boolean condition Current E Meters indicate a scalar quantity SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Controls are positioned and resized in Panel Edit Mode T just like displays and journals Attributes of elements emp Hide Label within objects are adjusted by Option clicking on the element hold down both the and Option keys and a then mouse down This causes a floating menu to Precision appear illustrated to the right that lists the various Text Format adjustable attributes such as Data Range Precision and Show Border Text Format For example one could set a label s font by Option clicking on that label and then choosing Text Format from the floating menu Data Range Options New creates a new control and then opens the Control Options dialog described below Options opens the Control Options dialog which is used to specify the style
257. visible in each display Show markers a The Marker pop up lists all currently YM Wave time defined markers Selecting a marker from this submenu displays that marker s name sice A Bound mt and its window width in milliseconds The Bound Name field allows you to assign or change Marker Mee the marker name Since each marker name f must be unique SuperScope II rejects a i E repeated name and prompts for a new one O Window ms Checking the Window box causes a i 3 diamond frame of the specified width to be lun Task affixed to the vertical marker indicator in the New Delete E E Help Cancel displays This is used to indicate the window width when doing analysis on the section of wave about a marker e g marker is at 1sec and you do an FFT on the section between 075sec and 125sec Clicking the New button creates a new marker with a default name Clicking Delete causes the displayed marker to be deleted A neat trick is to use two markers and one wave to describe another wave called a segment which is defined as the section of the original wave from one marker to the next Since segments and their parent wave share the same data changing the data in one will change the data in the other The Segment pop up lists all currently defined segments The Name field allows you to assign or change the segment name The Wave pop up allows you to select the wave on which the segment is based
258. wave of real numbers and returns a wave of complex numbers where the imaginary part is O and the real part is based on the parameter wave The result is twice the length of the parameter wave This function is useful for converting a timewave to the complex number format For a discussion on complex numbers please refer to the beginning pages of this chapter See Also Mag Phase Real and Imaginary Result 1 Result i d1 1 2 0 5 for all odd numbered i 0 for all even numbered i Wave MakeComplex d1 Functions amp Operators SuperScope II amp SoundScope Reference Manual Makelndex d1 Return Index Sort List for Wave Parameters d1 wave or channel with lt 32768 points Description MakelIndex creates an index list that describes how to sort d1 such that the wave Definition Example Functions amp Operators elements are sorted in ascending order The output wave is composed of non scaled integers 1 e no units and is of the same length as wave Its companion function IndexSort will sort a wave according to the output wave For example if d1 1 4 8 then the result would be 2 1 3 See also IndexSort and Sort index MakeIndex wave sorted IndexSort wave index is the same as sorted Sort wave Result i d1 21 Wave Makelndex d1 2 3 4 5 1 MakelIndex 1 2 3 4 5 SuperScope IT amp SoundScope Reference Manual Maximum dl d2 Maximum Value Parameters
259. ype a note press RETURN to end the note type another note press RETURN stop the Acquire task and scroll the W1 display to see the run time notes in the display The notes are stored in the Runtime journal yet appear in both the journal and the display The stamped time is the time of the first character of each note the RETURN key has no time significance and is only used to end the note In many cases the Runtime journal is stored in a database in its own file in the RECORDNUMBER Runtime file name format For examples of instruments that support run time notes please see instruNet Strip Chart and 2Ch instruNet Strip Chart supplied with SuperScope II To print while digitizing like a paper strip chart recorder Choose Print Setup under File select the Displays radio option under Print to tell it to print displays as opposed to the entire front panel select i e highlight the displays that show the digitized waves press OK choose Edit Acquire under Task drag the Choose Menu instruction from the Instruction Dictionary to the line below Clear amp Update set the Menu popup to File and the Command popup to Print to run the Print command when the instruction is executed select the Automatically press encountered OK buttons option press OK press OK to exit the Task Editor choose Timebase under Hardware set the scan size to be slightly larger than the display width e g 60 second scan with 58 second wide display run the Acqui

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