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Vol 6 No 9

1. MF MF C8P DF Introductory Manuals 5 95 each please specify 5 95 Basic Reference Manual ROM 65D and 65U 5 95 C8P Users Manuals 7 95 each please specify 7 95 How to program Microcomputers The C 3 Series 7 95 Professional Computers Set Up amp Operations Manual C2 OEM C2 D C3 OEM C3 D C3 A C3 B 8 95 C3 C C3 C TOTAL Cash enclosed Master Charge VISA Account No Expiration Date EE MD Residents add 5 Tax 5 Signature C O D orders add 1 90 2 Postage amp Handling s 370 Street S TOTAL DUE City State Zip POSTAGE MAY VARY FOR OVERSEAS September 1985 21 PEEK 65 pave covwt cron Pu coap Lo 140 isn t used in the OSI set up It connects pin 14 which is actually the drive select for the third drive marked DS2 on the printing near the shunt just to be confusing USE line now becomes HEAD LOAD The modification around the 5G integrated circuit puts the two halves of the USE LING Now HRAD LOAD 76478 7 til chip in 9 50 acnvity 5Ga re ewag iene move De ck WAS The 75478 OR gates but here the logic is used in the parallel actually two chip is negative sense both inputs are outputs go low will operate the solenoid and pin 6 will be used to drive the ACTIVITY LIGHT which formerly was on whenever t
2. The Unofficial OSI Users Journal P O Box 347 Owings Mills Md 21117 301 363 3268 Column One Lest I forget I ll begin by announcing PEEK s upcoming software listing New sub Scribers have been calling and writing regularly wondering where they can find software for their machines For the past several years PEEK has given authors a chance to list their software absolutely free of charge Well we are going to do it again The demand is there and it all sounds just great but it won t be unless you support us by filling in the form on page 23 ASAP Just because you sent in a listing last year don t think that it will automatically re appear Send in a form Here s a second piece of good news PEEK s half price specials have been extended a little In our efforts to make sure that there would always a supply of back issues and other manuals we Must have gone overboard Now we are paying for it in the lack of storage room It doesn t take computer to figure out how much room 5 5 years will take up Besides this is a golden opportunity to fill out your library Another piece of good news Thanks to the efforts of Leo Jankowski there is at last a single disk copier for 050 That should be music to the ears of all the newer OSI machine users you know the ones with only one floppy disk drive In the past you have either had to forego copying disks or devise tricks with the
3. 2350 1210 PRINT amp 1 GAIN RSi OUTPUT RES hms U 2280 JsL 1 1220 V 1 V 2290 J J 1 I 0 1230 GOSUB1780 2300 I I 1 1240 VsRSxU 2310 AK JD SA GUD ACO T DERACI s OD E CK T XBCI J 1250 GOSUB1900 2320 B iG J SBOG D BOGTO XA I SJ ACX I XBCI s 1260 GOTO130 2330 lt gt 2300 771270 REM xANALYSISx 2340 IF U lt gt NTHEN2290 1280 INFUT INFUT NODE E INPUT OUTPUT NODE SEtNzN 1 2350 1290 INPUT START FREQ Hz jG iINPUT STOF FREQ Hz 3H 2360 KeK 1 I K 1 1300 INPUT DATA FOINTS M 2370 1 1 0 1310 INPUT FREQ SWEEF LOG 0 LIN 1 sR6 2380 1 1 1320 PRINT 13PRINT 1 ANALYSIS 2390 BOIS JDXBOISK 1330 1 NODE E OUTPUT NODE F 2400 BCI K SBCIHEO BUO S J XACJSIO ACI JOXBCUSK 1340 1 5 FREQ Hz Gi STOP FREQ Hz H 2410 IFJX CTHEN2380 1350 PRINT 1 M DATA FOINTS IFR6 0THENPRINT 1 LOG FREQ SWEEF 2420 IFI lt gt NTHEN2370 1340 IFR amp z1THENPRINT amp 1 LIN FREG SMEEP 2430 IFK NTHEN2050 1370 PRINT 1 2440 1380 Dz H G M 1 2450 C INT N 2 1390 R4z10f CCLOGCH G L0G C100 CH 120 2440 2 2490 1400 0 6 9 0 2470 L 0 1410 RS 9 1 3 2480 2 1920 W 6 28318x RO0 2490 I 0 1430 0 2 2500 I I 1 1440 GOSUEZ910 2510 J N I L 1450 LP 0 FP 0 2520 S ACT T AC UeJ BC Ie TD eB led 1460 GOSUB2590 2530
4. check or money order in U S funds drawn on a U S bank payable to PEEK 65 P O Box 347 Owings Mills MD 21117 Or der NOW supply limited PEEK SOFTWARE LISTINGS Listings will be sorted by Basic Type and Machine to make it easy for you to zero in on the programs that may be of interest to you Each listing will have an en coded head line that should tell you everything you need to determine if it is interes ting and will run on your chine Next will be the pro gram name and the author s name and address Lastly will be the author s descrip tion and any special comments See example below B 1 43 2 82 MR M D 12 1000 WONDER ACCOUNTING SYSTEM I M Crazy 123 Pecan St Funny Farms NZ 12345 123 456 7890 This system will handle up to three A R and four R P ac counts at one time Complete record locking provided that no more than one user at a time is active Average stor age space required is 8MB Mammoth overhaul required to run on SSII cassette system And that makes 10 lines For example the first line B it s a business package under BASIC vers No 1 43 a 2 C3A B 200 series with a minimum of 82 two 8 FD s It s MR Multi user with Record locking supported by M modem and sold by D dealers There are 12 12 x 10 at least 120 copies use at 1000 bucks retail Just X the appropriate boxes and fill in the remaining blanks on
5. DISK ERROR lt HEAD LOAD MODS FOR 5 1 4 DUAL DISK DRIVES By Ed Richardson 146 York St Nundah 4012 Queensland Australia In the C4 MF head load modifi cation published in PEEK 65 a few months ago I mentioned that a more complex mod would be needed for a DF system While the MF mods can be done 1 GOSUBS370 GOTOS060 4 4 vta 564697 28 PEEK 65 September 1985 and plated through holes meaning board that it is easy to damage the There are only two acceptable techniques for removal of I C 5G The best one is to use a Pace desoldering station an item which costs hundreds of dollars This will remove the I C without damage The other method is to first buy a couple of spare 75478 chips Cut the pins off where they enter the chip on the board and remove each pin separately with needle nosed pliers and fine soldering iron Follow ing this latter procedure the holes in the printed circuit can be emptied of excess sol der with a solder sucker or solder taul prefluxed copper braid Both sides of the board are then cleaned with a cotton bud dipped in methyla ted spirits to remove any re maining flux On the top of the board two tracks must be cut Under the board two very short jumpers are added shown in the These changes are drawings below Be careful to solder the I C in the right way around The Same
6. 2020 s 3060 Q M X REN X 2000 1 1 22 8 1 19 3070 GOSUE3320 F 2010 RETURN 3080 GOTO3000 2020 0 1 3090 Riz 1 0ZO0XTANC 25XW L O00 2030 7 0 3100 R I X 3Q M X 2040 1 E 3110 GOSUB3320 2050 L K 5 3120 Q N X 0 1G08UB3320 2060 SsABSCACK KO hABSCBOGOIO 3130 R1 1 Z OO XSINC 25XW L OO 0 2070 IzK 1 3140 F2IOO gt 2080 1 1 ES 3150 R N X 2090 THABSCACT eK ABS B T K i 5 8160 S ReP S R P R1 N C E 3170 S PsR S PyRI R1 Continued A i TS B 8 7 PEEK 65 September 1985 gt THERE S A SPECIAL REASON TO LOOK AT US ISOTRON S new special dealer prices are good for your business We are offering these specials because we want Ohio Scientific dealers to enjoy in creased margins and at the same time be able to of fer highly competitive end user prices For example in the 200 series the dealer price for the 235G 2 26MB is now 3 445 and the 250 with 80 MB is 5 200 Other computers have been similarly reduced Call for details about all our pr ces RS It s a very good time to be an Ohio Scientific dealer Whether you re a current dealer a former dealer or new to the business let us tell you how our pricing will make your profits grow ISOTRON 140 Sherman St Fairfield Ct 06430 203 255 7443 PEEK 65 September 1985 9 3180 R 0CX 3190 S RIP SS OR PO
7. KES 1 4 9 6070680 INPUT NODE A I INPUT NODE B J INPUT RES Ohes U PRINT amp 1 RES NODE A iI NODE B J jU Ohms 1 608981780 65070130 INDUCTOR IFDT 1THENREADI J U1GOTO750 INFUT NGDE A jI INFUT NODE E J INPUT IND PRINT 1 IND NODE A iI i NODE B J 33 Hus Vz1 U GOSUE1700 6070130 REM CAPACITOR IFDTziTHENREADI J V GOTO820 INFUT NODE A I INPUT NODE B J INPUT CAP Farads iU 1 NODE A iIi NODE B Ji 0 Farads GOSUB1B40 6070130 IFDT21THENREADK J I V GOTOBB0 INPUT GATE IK INPUT SOURCE Jt INFUT DRAIN I INPUT GAIN A V SV 1 GATE Ki SOURCE Ji DRAIN I GAIN U GOSUB1900 6070130 IFDT2iTHENREADK J I RS U1GOTO940 INPUT BASE jKTINPUT EMITTER i JUEINPUT COLLECTOR 3 INPUT BETA 5 RS INFUT Rbe Ohms 0 1 EMITTER tJU3 COLLECTOR I PRINT 1 BETA RS Rbe Ohms 1 0 1000 1010 GOSUB1780 1020 I L Listing continued page OSI BEATS IBM PC By Joseph Ennis 212 28 Street Niceville FL 32578 I enjoy the brief period when my program out benchmarks everyone elses especially if I do it on the OSI and beat an IBM PC or compatible Besides it has been awhile since 65 has published a DOS article BACKGROUND Not long ago
8. To begin we need to discuss three routines built into BASIC that we can use within our machine code routine The first is called FRMEVL and this routine is in my opin ion the very heart of BASIC because its task is to 1 uate expressions within BASIC programs and determine the result If you consider the rules of presidence and the complexities of floating point math and string functions I think you ll join me in admir ing this powerful routine The second routine takes the information FRMEVL found out about a string and gives it to us in a convenient form This routine is called FREFAC and it tells us the length of the string evaluated and the mem address where the string is stored in memory by BASIC Fabulous stuff Last there is a routine called GIVAYF which passes the value of the Accumulator and the Y register and gives it to BASIC in a form the language understands The page zero jump vector at 50008 we used in the first program points to GIVAYF Let s begin to write the as sembly language program to perform our desired task The routine is small and should only require one track to store the program s source code and one additional track to store the object code Remember after the machine code has been generated it must be stored on disk and transferred to 05 650 with LOAD48 or LOAD32 Enter and assemble the following pro gram 02 10 STRING SERRCH ROUTINE 20 oe we 30 INDE
9. 01 PEEK 65 2 DATA POINTS LIN FREQ SWEEP FREQ 1 AMPL 39 8475 20L0G 32 008 PHASE 180 FREQ 2 AMPL 39 8475 20L0G 32 008 PHASE 180 September 1985 20106 40 001 PHASE 171 8722 FREQ 1000 AMPL 7072 20L0G 3 0093 PHASE 90 007 FREQ 10000 AMPL 1 0001 201 06 5 04 PHASE 8 1296 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 7430 440 450 2460 470 480 490 500 510 Je 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 800 410 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 4750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 7 5850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 940 970 980 990 NETAL by Michael A Bryson REMXXXNETAL Bw Mike Brusonxmx TFPEEK 13026 lt gt 171THENSO IFPEEK 2073 2173THENRUN ATNENE 2073 173 DIMACI05 10 BC10 100 IC20 LC200 MC200 20 0020 DIMP 10 10 0sQC10510 RC10s 102 5 10 10 20 72020 1 Xs11TO OQD 20 N 0 DT 20 INPUT IS DATA TO BE READ FROM DATA STATEMENTS A IFLEFT A 1 z Y THENOT 1 R620 3 IFDT 1 THENREADRS i PRINTS GOTO220 PRINT 1 RESISTOR PRINT 2 CAFACITOR PRINT 3 INDUCTOR PRINT 4 TRANS LINE 5 SHORTED STUE FRINT 6 OFEN STUG PRINT 7 OF AMP SPRINT S TRANSISTOR
10. 140 IF S THEN L L S U U S 5 5 1 100 150 RETURN 160 198 REM INDIRECT SHELL DPM SORT without SWAP 140 seconds 199 200 G 2 INT G 7 41 PRINT G CR FOR 2 1 TO N G T P J4G K A T 210 FOR I J TO 1 STEP G IF THEN P I G P I NEXT 220 P I G T NEXT J IF gt 1 200 SORTER KREEKEKEKEREREREREREREERERER 230 RETURN 248 298 DIRECT QUICKSORT 110 seconds 299 300 PRINT L CR 1 0 2 NULL 0 0 J L l K A U 310 FOR I L U IF A I lt K THEN J JHl NULL 1 P J PS I 320 NEXT IF J 1 lt U THEN S Stl L S J 1 U S U 330 U J 1 IF L lt U GOTO 300 340 IF S THEN L L S U U S S S 1 300 350 RETURN 360 52 REM DIRECT SHELL DPM SORT using SWAP 130 seconds 99 400 G 2 INT G 22 1 PRINT G CR FOR 2 1 TO N G FOR I J 1 STEP G 410 IF A I gt A I G THEN NULL A I A I4G P I P I4G NEXT 420 NEXT J IF 621 GOTO 400 430 RETURN 440 450 800 REM ENABLE SWAP COMMAND 810 820 FOR 1 0 TO 3 RS I PEEK 9825 I NEXT REM Save reserved word 830 RS 4 PEEK 8738 RS 5 PEEK 8739 REM Save dispatch address 840 POKE 9025 83 POKE 9026 87 POKE 9027 65 POKE 9028 208 REM SWAP 850 POKE 8738 255 POKE 8739 95 REIURN REM SWAP code at 24576 860 900 REM DISABLE SWAP COMMAND 910 920 FOR I TO 3 POKE 90254I RS I NEXT 930 POKE 8738 RS 4 POKE 8739 RS 5 RETURN 940 950 A Shell DPM sort is a mu
11. 9 10 STOP 11 ANALYSIS PRINT 12 PNP TRANS PRINT 13 NEW CIRCUIT PRINT INFUT SELECT FROM LIST ROS PRINT IFR6 1THENPRINT 1 RES GOTO650 IFR6 2THENPRINT 2 6070790 3 IND GOTO720 TFR6 4THENPRINT 4 1 16070360 IFR sSTHENFRINT S S STUB 60TOS70 IFR amp z6THENPRINT 6 0 STUB GOTO 10 IFR6 7THENPRINT 7 OF AMF GOTO1160 IFR6z8THENFRINT 8 NPN GOTO920 IFR6 9THENPRINT 9 FET 6OTOB8S0 IFR6 10THENPRINT 10 PGM FINISH STOP IFR z11THENPRINT 11 ANALYSIS G0T01270 IFR6zi12THENPRINT 12 60 01070 IFR6 13THENCLEAR GOTO7 0 G0TO130 REM T LINE TFDT 1THENREADM X I X OCX s GOTOA410 TOO Z1 INPUT SHIELD IN MOO INPUT CENTER IN IOO INFUT CENTER DUT 0 X INFUT SHIELD OUT N XD PRINT41 T LINE SHIELD IN iM X CENTER IN iIOO PRINTI CENTER QUT 0 00 SHIELD QOUT NOO GO0TO470 1 XD GOTO460 INFUT NODE INFUT NODE B N X 1 NODE MOO NODE B NCX IFDT z1THENREADZ OO CX GOTOS00 INFUT Zo ZOO INPUT QUARTER WAVE FREQ 1 PRINT 1 Zo Z X QUARTER WAVE FREQ LOO IFI X gt NTHENN I X IFM X gt NTHENN M X IFNOOZNTHENNZN CX TFO X gt NTHENN 0 X X X 1iT xX 0 5070130 5 STUB TO 23 1 5 5 5070430 0 STUB PRINT 1 Q STUB i T X 2 6070430
12. both are Tandon 1005 the IBM uses the 2 and I use the l The IBM s disk holds about four times the data per disk and shifts the bits at twice the speed but I can format a disk faster In ad dition at the time of this article I had a total system memory of only 24K as compared Continued on page 10 PEEK 65 September 1985 7 1030 L J 2100 gt 2120 1040 5 2110 L f 1050 605081900 2120 1 NTHEN2080 1060 6070130 2130 IFL KTHEN2190 1070 REM PNP 2140 4 0 1080 IFDT 1THENREADK rds IsRS UtGOTO1110 2150 JeJ41 1090 INFUT BASE INPUT EMITTER JI INPUT COLLECTOR i Et INFUT EETA i RS 2160 S ACK sd SACK rd SACL od ACL JEB 1100 INFUT Rbe Ohms 2170 A B OG J J SB L 3 tBOL s 24 T1110 Uz 1 U L I I K1GOSUE1780 2180 IFJ NTHEN2150 1120 I LiLsJtU RSxU GOSUE1900 2190 LsK itIsL 1 1130 1 BASE K EMITTER J COLLECTOR I 2200 1140 PRINT41 BETA RS5 Roe Ohms 1 00 65 2210 ABACKr KRACK eK BECK K XE CK eK 1150 GOTO130 2220 Ss ACI K KACK HO BODSHROXBUGOND SA 160 REM 2230 K XBCOI SK ACISKOXBCG KR 1170 IFDT 1THENREADK Le IrJ RE amp UEGOTO1200 2240 8 1180 INPUT IN KiINPUT IN L INPUT OUT I 2250 IFI lt gt NTHEN2200 1190 INPUT OUT J INPUT GAIN U U RSIINFUT OUTFUT RES Ohms 0 2260 C K 1 74200 FRINT41 O P AMP IN Kij IN OUT 421 QUT Gu 2270 0
13. when computing the node vol tages as well as a tran sistor simulation The origi nal program by Edward Niemeyer appeared in EDN magazine a trade publication dedicated to the electronics industry Since many times you wish to change only one component at a time in a large circuit I have added the option to use data statements to read in the circuit elements You ll need at least 24K of RAM to run this program on a disk based system To illustrate the program syntax and software functions we ll study some example problems Because of the execution time and memory requirements the program has been limited to 10 nodes If you can tolerate the time and memory the size can be creased by changing the dimen Sion statements any case the number of individual com ponents ina circuit is un limited a first step you must num ber each node in the circuit to be simulated starting at 1 and consecutively number each node with the highest node number as the network common You may assign any numbers you want to the input and output nodes Note the network exci tation an ideal voltage source of unit magnitude is always between input and mon and the output readings are presented in relation to the common terminal The order of element entry is not important as analysis doesn t begin until you select item 11 on the command list Let s try a simple example of a resistor induc
14. 61 3200 5 61 3210 3220 5 3230 5 1 3240 R N X 3250 S ReP S ReP 1 3260 5 6 1 3270 GOTO3000 280 R2 1 7 0Z OO XTANC 25XW LOO0 3290 R3s1 ZOO XXSINC 25XW LOX 0 3300 R1sR3XR3 R2 R2 3310 60703040 3320 S 05 00728 Q0 Q0 R1 3330 5 5 1 3340 5 0 5 0 1 3350 S R 0028CR 00 R1 3360 RETURN 3370 END Continued from page 7 to a typical IBM of 256K Good thing that HEXDOS only takes 2K bytes PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT I had been working in FORTH just prior to this exercise and I feel this enhanced my style My first trial solu tion was a brute force ap proach that is try every pos sible combination and select the best results It worked well with a small dictionary but when I tried it with the full dictionary it just took too long hours for a runll Also the first program was getting slow to test as its length increased so I dropped this approach Then it occur red to me to split the appli cation into tasks small con cise ones like in FORTH defi nitions Each task is to do Single thing Each task is Stored as a separate program file on disk and the data that is to be passed between pro grams is in data files on the disk One task does not need to know how the data got into a data file it only needs to know the format and to be assured that the data is
15. AMPL 3718 RES NODE A 3 NODE B 5 25 Ohms 20106 8 594 RES NODE 2 NODE B 5 25 Ohms PHASE 68 1738 TeLINE SHIBLD IN 5 CENTER IN 4 E _ CENTER OUT 2 SHIELD OUT 3 PREQ 6985 3536 20 50 QUARTER WAVE PREQ 25 AMPL 7423 201 06 2 5889 NALYSIS PHASE 42 0757 NPUT NODB 1 OUTPUT NODE 2 START PREQ Hz 10 01 STOP FREQ Hz 25 FREQ 16331 5 e 2 DATA POINTS AMPL 9362 ER LIN PREQ SWEEP 20106 5729 gt PHASE 20 5823 iPREde 10 01 AMPL 25 FIGURE 2 uad LeURE 201 de 12 0412 36 036 PREQ 25 25 201 06 12 0412 5 89 9999 Vec 3 426 Tg Beta l r eta l b Beta 120 Ip 3 25 x 10000 1 T t gt 10230 6 51 A e FIGURE 5 ES uer 5 2 7 CAP NODE 1 NODE B 2 2 2E 08 Farads Sa CAP NODE A 2 NODE B 3 2 2 08 Parads RES NODE A 2 NODE B 4 5115 Ohms FIGURE 3 po RES NODE A 3 NODE B 5 10230 Ohms m RES NODE A 4 NODE B 5 10000 Ohms OP AMP IN 3 IN 4 OUT 4 OUT 5 GAIN 10000 0UTPUT RES Ohms 50 RES NODE A 4 NODE B 2 1000 Ohms RES NODE A l NODE B 5 51 Ohms ANALYSIS RES NODE A 37 NODE B 5 2700 Ohme INPUT NODE 1 OUTPUT NODE 4 NPN BASE 2 EMITTER 1 COLLECTOR 3 START PREQ Hz 100 STOP FREQ Hz 10000 BETA 120 Rbe Ohms 960 3 POINTS LOG PREQ SWEEP ANALYSIS INPUT NODE 4 OUTPUT NODE 3 FREQ 100 START FREQ Hz STOP PREQ Hz 2 AMPL
16. April 1978 bound and reproduced by PEEK 65 Full set only 9150058 Terminal Extensions Package lets you program like the mini users do with direct cursor positioning mnemonics and a number formatting function much more powerful than a mere print using Requires 65U 50 00 RESEQ BASIC program resequencer plus much more Global changes tables of bad references GOSUBs amp GOTOs variables by line number resequences parts of programs or entire programs handles line 50000 trap Best debug tool l ve seen MACHINE LANGUAGE VERY FAST Requires 65U Manual amp samples only 5 00 Everything for 50 00 Sanders Machine Language Sort Merge for 05 651 Complete disk sort and merge documentation shows you how to call from any BASIC program on any disk and return itorany other BASIC program on any disk floppy or hard Most versatile disk sort yet Will run under LEVEL Il or III It should cost more but Sanders says sell it for just 89 00 KYUTIL The ultimate OS DMS keyfile utility package This implementation of Sander s SORT MERGE creates loads and sorts multiple field conditionally loaded keyfiles KYUTIL will load and sort a keyfile of over 15000 ZIP codes in under three hours Never sort another Master File 100 00 Sees Assembler Editor amp Extended Monitor Reference Manual amp C8P 695 le 65V Primer Introduces machine language programming 4 95
17. For all of you OS 65D users you should be glad to know that the machine code routines in this article will work for you too All that needs to be done is to choose a location for the machine code to reside in memory and use that as the origin address for the machine code and in the BASIC prog rams instead of POKEing loca tions 8778 and 8779 to set the USR vector you must POKE 30 X USR BS AS locations 574 and 575 40 PRINT X 2452 pasc Note the closing parenthesis following B line 38 This is a necessary non stand ard syntax to allow BASIC to properly interpret BS be cause BASIC is expecting a balancing to compliment the encountered following USR I opted for this syntax because it is as close to nor mal as possible The unlabel ed routine at 15FC in the machine code program is a routine that executes FREFAC and eliminates the conflict of executing a function on a string whose result will be NETAL AN A C CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PROGRAM By Michael A Bryson 203 Meadow View Dr Buchanan MI 49197 Here s a program that really puts your computer to work It allows you to perform an A C circuit analysis on a large number of network ele ment types can t take ali PEEK 65 September 1985 3 the credit for it as it was converted from a program writ ten for a Hewlett Packard com puter in HPL I have added some checks to keep the float ing point numbers in range
18. cor rect for its task Kind of like the use of the stack in FORTH This may not sound like much of a discovery or technique but I recommend that you try it as it is quite powerful in producing clear testable code fast I divided the problem up into three tasks It took lot less time to write these three pro grams and lot less time to verify them The three sepa rate programs are presented in Listing 1 The first has the single function of accepting the keyboard entry of the letter value data for each new contest and packing it into a file called Values Data then it calls the second pro 18 PEEK 65 September 1985 LISTING 1A by Joseph Ennis 1 REM VALUES CREATES THE VALUE OF EACH LETTER TO USED IN A SQUARE 5 DINAS C39 10 LOADN4 Values Data 20 INPUT MHAT GCAME A5 30 PRINTM4 05 35 PRINTIPRINT ENTER VALUES 40 FORI 1TO26 58 PRINT FOR CHR CI G4 t INPUTAS 60 PRINTS4 65 PRINT amp 2 CHRSCI 640 0 70 NEXTI 80 PRINT INPUT ARE VALUES 98 IFLEFTECAS 122 N THEN3S 180 SAVER4 118 PRINT INPUT DO YOU WANT TO RUN IT a 129 IlFLEFTScAS 122 T THENRUN HORDS 138 END LISTING 1B 1 REM WORDS WORD FILE CREATOR WORDS 11AUG84 2 L 7 N 1 W 1949 10 LOAD 5 Wordsl Data LOAD 6 HiWords Data LOAD 7 Words2 Data 20 DIMWRD W 55 5 5 S 5 5 V 26 26 30 FORL lTOW 40 IFL lt 1168THENINPUT 5 WRDS L 45 IFL gt 1167THENINPUT 7 WRDS L 50 A 0 IFLE
19. high bit value to blank character channel setup This is easily 5542 25 Xu us done by changing the values dUPCOUMSNnONEN VH given This illustrates the 2 Zero row and variable counters value of using software It RS is possible to plot multiple 40020 REF chart READ ch lim 40240 FOR TO ch lim 1 428242 READ I B BUF I 40044 READ I BS BUFS 1 42046 READ I I NEXT 42248 Mark channel edges data within the same channel as is done for channels four and five It is also possible to dynamically modify the channel setup to magnify se lected channels if the data nos BET for that channel must be accu 4258 i rately displayed 40060 STRING BUF 128 490070 B Edge marker LINE COMPOSITION 4 296 TM 40198 FOL each CURVE whichis plot 4QzeQ SUBR PLOT tab lim X value ted it is necessary that three data points be collected 40810 REF tab Lim READ T1 T8 V1 V2 to complete the matrix Also i 4ueile varua MAX VI MIN V value several curves each occupying 20510 EIME IT GUR OT ranges a separate channel must be E composed A buffer string 40220 value V1 T2 T1 V2 V1 Ti tab 40222 value Vi T2 T1 8 V2 V1 MOD 8 Nrow bit B UF is used to compose the 40226 Compute tab setting and low bit value line to be sent to the print t 4228 j eT 55 pa 40230 TEST BUF tab VS B IFNE 40240 Note that unfortunately the 40232 CHRS 128 BUFS tab Blank over edge marker 40238
20. re sults obtained with the test program shown in Listing 2 The method is directly appli cable if your printer is an OKIDATA 82A or compatible ma trix printer Almost every dot matrix printer has block graphics capability however and the method described below can be adapted by changing a few values if your printer is different BLOCK GRAPHICS With block graphics the prin ter organizes the print head into a 3x2 matrix as shown in Figure 2 Each of the 6 cells are mapped from bits 6 5 of the byte transmitted to the printer Bits 6 and 7 are set to 0 and 1 respectively Hence the ASCII character 128 containing all low bit zeroes will print a blank The character 191 containing low bit ones will print a solid matrix All combina tions of blank and solid for the 6 cells are obtained by transmitting a number between 128 and 191 Up to 120 characters per line are permitted As each graph ics character is divided hori zontally into two cells a solution of 240 cells is ob tained Hence a plotting ac curacy of better than 1 2 per cent is possible When sever al channels are plotted the full scale accuracy for each channel is degraded For ex ample with four channels the accuracy is approximately two per cent of the range for each channel CHANNEL SETUP The channel setup is given by the data contained in lines 300 to 350 line 300 the value 5 indicates that five channels are to be p
21. several of my friends and I were approached and asked if we could help write a computer program to solve some puzzles that are offered in various contest Magazines The puzzle is where letters are assigned specific numerical values and a collec tion of 5 five letter words are required to be arranged so that the diagonal or one column spells the word BINGO and the sum of the values of the letters produce the high est score is the winner I recognized the problem as be longing to the class of prob lems called Magic Squares So I accepted tlie challenge and after 10 days I had the best solution My friends ali wrote their solutions on PCs and used BASICA while I used 1978 vintage Super board HEXDOS and 051 RCM BASIC Looking at all the Solutions side by side the OSI running under REXDOS is definitely faster and leaner compared to the IBM PC I have doubled my system clock to 1 9 MHz which is still a lot slower than the IBM s sys tem clock am using 65026 in a very straight forward architecture with a very lean and efficient DOS compared to the IBM 8088 that has a 20 bit address bus which has to be multiplexed essentially halv ing its effective clock speed a fairly efficient DOS and a really poor tecture it is like halving its effective clock speed once more due to all the bus buffers and latches it has to use The disk drives on both systems are almost identical
22. the value here is one less e g 39 and not 3A The increment to 3A takes place in line 200 The utility is POKEd up into the directory buffer and then called with Y USR Y line 1670 Notice that the disk USR addresses 8955 and 8956 are used The BASIC USR ad dresses 574 and 575 cannot be used Why the RESTORE command in line 1680 This command sets the pointer in a pro gram s DATA list to the first item The same DATA items can be read over again To be able to do this is necessary because the data is POKEd into the directory buffer This buffer will be subsequently overwritten by the directory when it is copied from disk After the device 6 buffer has been filled with zeroes the file name is padded out with blanks if its length is less than 6 Next the first half of the directory is copied from disk A search is made for the file name lines 1810 1830 Once the file name has been found a final choice is of fered on whether or not to zero the appropriate tracks If the choice made is yes then the contents of the de vice 6 buffer are written to disk as many times as there are tracks to be zeroed The whole thing is short in code and quick in action To force the use of the zero subroutine this line should be added 535 F2 F1 GOSUB 1630 Next month a fast sequen tial file selective sort MISCELLANEOUS SORT ALGORITHMS By Roger Clegg Data Products Maintenance C
23. 90 POKE13026 1281 IFYsOORY 7THEN2 20 5100 PRINT 28 amp 16 8 To leave press RETURN2 amp 16 10 5110 ONYGOSUBS240 5130 5170 5210 5270 5300 53301G0T05000 120 3 S130 INPUT INIT Which Track jY 1FYX4 10RY276THENRETURN 5140 Y 100 Y YSeRIGHT STR Y 2 51520 GOSUBSS7O DISK INIT Y GOSUBS370 RETURN 160 1 2170 INPUT MAKE File name jY PRINT 12 19 11 IFYSE THENRKETURN 180 FRINT amp 16 10 INPUT MAKE of Tracks jYrIFYsOOURY 268THENRETURN 190 GOSUBSS7O0 MAKEYS Y GOTOS250 S200 3 5210 INPUT KILL Which file jY 11FY THENRETURN 5220 GOSUBSS70 KILLY 1 GOTOS250 S230 5240 GOSUBS370 5250 PRINTIDS1860SUBS3701PRINT Ready j1808UB54001RETURN 260 1 5270 INPUT SAVE File name jY 1FY 2 THENRETURN 5280 GOSUBS3701 SAVEY GOTOS250 290 1 300 PRINT RESET lt Sure 41GOSUBS4001 IFY 2 y THENRUN 5510 RETURN 3320 1 5550 PRINT amp 14 10 1INPUT SELECT Drive 4Y 11FY THENRETURN 5340 6050895370 S 61 GOSUBS370s RETURN S350 5560 STOP START DISK 5570 22 2208294 sPOKE49154 224 11 FORW921 01 2001 NEXTW91PRINT 5580 RETURN 5590 4 5400 DISK GO 2555 PEEK 9059 OR32 1 YSVAL Y RETURN 410 1 5420 PRINT 28 amp 16 12 To RESTART type GOTO line number 5450 POKEL3026 1261 PRINT amp 16 14 Bye sPOKE20735 1731 GOSUBSS701 END 440 1 6000 PRINTIPRINT amp 16 0 15 1Ye21 6010 FPRINT amp Y 10
24. A ACTe I eB Jed A Jed XBCI I 1470 UsRS UsZ F 2540 0 5 2 1480 IF EWF 22INT CE F 2 THEN1500 2550 2 2 5 0 1490 U U 180 2560 O T 21500 sEIZ E s 2570 IFI lt gt CTHEN2500 1510 GOSUB2590 ES 2580 RETURN 22 1520 U U Z 2590 REM DET 1530 IFUZ THENR72 9999 GOT01560 4 2600 RSzN 1540 IFRS THENRZ7z9999 G0TO1560 BS 2610 NzN 1 4 1550 UsU RSIR7220xLDG U LOG C10 2620 I 0 1560 IFU gt 180THENU U 360 5 2630 0 Wr 1570 IFUC 180THENU U 340 2640 1580 FRINT FREQ RO RINT AMFL Ut FRINT 20LDG R7 2650 IFK lt gt 0THEN2Z470 3 ere 15907 PRINT amp 1 FREQ NT ROX10000 52 10000 ut x 2660 Isi o 1600 NTL 7 9 10000 52 10000 EL gov vm T 2670 Jc0iL 0 ev 1610 1 201 06 2 7 10000 52 10000 lt 2680 1620 1 0 10000 52 10000 HS 4 2690 IFL lt gt ZTHENZ710 1630 5 E 2700 Jet ok y 1 1640 IFR6s0THENR ZK xRA 5 N 72710 AG OLO SPOCGI 1650 lt gt 0 0 2720 e HxO CT S Le ROC T Le W4S COT Le D 1660 lt gt 1410 xo 4 2730 IFL 2NTHEN2680 1670 NeN 1 24 0 Bion 2740 IFKZNTHEN2640 1680 DT 0 m X BU 7 A 2750 GOSUB1980 1690 GOTO130 j uS E 2760 N R5 71700 REM INDUCTOR n IN 2770 2 poe 1710 RGSTO SR
25. AY 5 JUN 6 10 NOV 11 DEC 12 JUL 7 AUG 8 SEP 9 OCT Vol 4 1983 JAN 1 FEB 2 3 APR 4 MAY 5 JUN 6 JUL 7 AUG 8 SEP 9 10 NOV 11 DEC 12 Vol 5 1984 JAN 1 FEB 2 MAR 3 APR 4 MAY 5 JUN 6 JUL 7 AUG 8 SEP 9 10 NOV 11 DEC 12 24 PEEK 65 September 1985
26. DEFFNA Y S10 INT Y 156 Y 16X INT Y 16 1640 FORC 11897T01 1930 READN POKEC NEXTC 1650 DATA 72 138 72 152 72 169 126 133 208 169 57 133 209 162 12 1660 DATA 140 0 152 230 209 145 208 200 208 251 202 208 246 104 148 1570 DATA 104 170 104 941 POKEG9SS 1211POKEB956 46 Y USR Y 1680 RESTORE IFYS lt gt THENF26 Y 1690 IFLEN F2 lt 6THENF2 F2 1G0TO1690 1700 PRINTC amp 16 10 Reading directory X amp 0 0 G0SUBZ370 F 0 1710 Yz11897 E21214 5 DISK CA 2E79508 1 GOSUB 1810 IFFTHEN1740 1720 DISK CA 2E79 08 2 G0S8UB 1810 1730 IFFSOTHENPRINT amp 16 10 18 NF 1ER No such name GOTO1780 1740 PRINT amp S 10 F2 Zero tracks N through to T Continue L4 1750 GOSUBSA4O01 IFY 4 y THEN1780 1760 PRINTC amp 16 10 Zeroing file on disk X amp O 0 1YS z 1 3A7E C 1770 FORCENTOT1TS SRIGHT STR C 100 2 1DISK 79 1780 GOSUBS370 1790 RETURN 1800 1810 FORC YTOESTEP 1FORKeCTOC S 1 PEEK K sNEXTK 1820 2 1 1850 NEXTC N FNA PEEK 1 PEEK H 7 RETURN 4980 An edited line could well shorter than the original try and the excess is best deleted This is done in line 1060 with the clear to end of line command RAPID SEARCH It is possible to move forward through the fields in mul tiples of 100 Press the key followe
27. EARCH START INDEX 420 LOR 52180 WHERE WE ARE 430 CMP S2LEN AT END OF STAING 440 BNE P1 NO RETRY YES SHOH NO MATCH gt 460 FOUND LDV 821ND GET HATCH STRRT INDEX 470 INY BUMP IT ONE ORDINRL OFFSET 480 BNE P5 SKIP A 490 NOTF LDY 00 YES SET RESULT LSB 0 LOA 00 CLEAR RESULT MSB 510 JMP GIURVF GiUE RESULT TO BASIC amp QUITI 20 530 8RDSTR JMP FCERR ERROR EXIT THROUGH BRSIC 540 550 SILEN 00 STRING LENGTH BYTE 00 OBJECT STRING LENGTH 70 S2iND 00 OBJECT STRING SEARCH INDEX 580 590 END Save the resulting machine code on disk with the command ISA 76 1 6000 1 Note that I used track 76 in this example You will prob ably use a different track number just remember which one you do use for reference when you run LOAD48 or LOAD32 Now boot OS 65U and create a BASIC program file of about 7000 bytes This will give you enough space to enter the sample program below and to experiment with it your own Next run the program LOAD48 or LOAD32 as ate for your system Insert the OS 65D diskette that holds the machine code into the A drive At the A prompt enter the following command C6000 76 1 Note that you will not have to enter the and as LOAD48 and LOAD32 insert them automatically Finally enter 12 if you re using LOAD48 or G7E12 if you re using LOAD32 That will get you to BASIC s OK prompt At th
28. END OF TEST PROGRAM Figure amp Bit Mapping to Print Head se T Tees Te e m From Gander Software Ltd CONCLUSIONS If you have spent several hun dred dollars for a matrix printer it is only necessary to write less than a page of code to use it to plot curves The software solution present ed here allows you to receive full value from your printer for a small investment of pro gramming time Fig 1 on page 18 GREAT LANGUAGE DEBATE By Roy Agee The current great debates over what computer language should be taught would be comical if the situations it creates were not so serious Hundreds of thousands of high school and college students are entering the work force totally unprepared with Infor mation Industry job skills Hundreds of millions of dol lars are being spent to equip schools and colleges to teach computer languages with little or no value ex cept to their developers out side of the classroom The Ultimate Personal Planner TIME amp TASK PLANNER 90 DAY FREE TRIAL IF NOT SATISFIED FULL REFUND UPON RETURN Daily Appointment Schedule e Future Planning List sorted To Do List by rank or date e Work Sheets for all Aspects Year amp Month Printed Calendar Transfers to Daily Schedule A SIMPLE BUT POWERFUL TOOL FOR SUCCESS Put the two most effective success techniques to work for you every day of every y
29. F PRINT amp 0 0 24 T2 910 FORC OTOF 1 PRINTBSK CTAB T D K C 1 IFC K LTHENC F 1 920 0 PRINT amp 2 0 33 1 INPUTYS 950 IFY8S gt THENKSK F sFeF 11G0T01080 940 Y20 FORCz1TODi POKEG 2 PRINT amp O C 332 s INPUTYS 950 IFYS4 BSTHENGOSUE11530 GOTQ1070 950 PRINT amp T C 33 t INPUTTSI1PRINT amp T C L L 1POKEG CU INPUTYS 970 IFT THENT a 980 EsE 11 IFYS 2 THEN1070 990 IFY THENC D KeK 24F s GOTO1070 1000 IFY 3 THENC Ds 60701070 1010 IFY 5 x THENC D Kel NEXTC Kt GOTO1090 1020 IFY 2 THENPRINT amp T GOSUB1 110 GOTO1070 1050 IFLEN Y 2ANDLEFTS Y 1 58 THENGOSUB12101 GOTO1070 1040 IFYS 2N1 0RY 2SN2 THENY s 1050 D K E 1 5YS IFLEN Y gt KeK FtGOTO1070 1060 Yes 1 iPRINT amp LEN YS T C 15 71070 NEXTC IFKSOORKSLTHENK L 1080 NEXTK N 1 GOTO900 1090 POKE2797 63 PRINT 21 RETURN 1100 1110 C C 2 IFC lt OTHENC 0 1120 E E 2 IFECOTHENE 0 1150 T Y RETURN 1140 1150 IFY lt gt THENI170 1160 PRINT 33 1 INPUTYS1 IFY THENC D 1170 IFT z THENCZC 2 IFCCOTHENC 0 1180 IFYTHENPRINT 12 15 YzQ 1190 RETURN 1200 1 1210 1 RIGHTS Y 1 tK K H F 1 IFKOLTHENKSK H F 1220 RETURN 1250 1610 ZERD OUT FILE 1620 PRINT ZERO Which file F25L2 j 1NPUTYS IFYSs X THEN1790 1630
30. LAY RESULT amp QUIT All this program does is to take the number you enter and add 1 to it displaying the result Let s again examine the way this program is pro cessed by BASIC When BASIC sees X in line 30 of the BASIC program it automatical ly evaluates the expression on the right side of the Upon encountering the USR BASIC knows USR is func tion and so it continues by evaluating the argument con tained in the parenthesis i e Y and jumps to the appropriate code pointed to by locations 8778 and 8779 That s where our machine code takes over The first thing we have to do is to convert the value held in BASIC s Floating Point Accumulator from floating point format in to integer again in two s Compliment form The conver sion routine is pointed to by a vector held in BASIC s page zero contents at location 0006 The 6582 s instruction set provides JMP command that uses such a page zero vector but unfortunately not a JSR This forces us to set up a subroutine whose only instruction is the zero page JMP i e JMP 50006 Next we pick up the result in the F P Accumulator and add one to it storing the least significant byte in the Y reg ister and the most significant byte in the Accumulator Fin ally we return to BASIC by doing another zero page JMP through a vector that points to a routine in BASIC which gives the contents of the Ac cumulator and the Y register to BASIC
31. N WRDS L gt S RWRDS L BINGO ORWRDS L PEKOE THENNEXTL 55 IFLEN WRDS L lt STHENNEXTL 60 PRINTL WRDS L 70 NEXTL 80 PRINT DONE FIRST PART 140 FORL lTOW 145 PRINTTAB 12 L PWRDS L 150 FORJ 1T05 160 IFMIDS WRDS L J 1 B THENLS B GOSUB2000 178 IFMIDS WRDS L J 1 I THENLS I GOSUB2000 180 IFMIDS WRDS L J 1 N THENLS N GOSUB2000 190 IFMIDS WRDS L 2 1 G THENL G GOSUB2000 200 IFMIDS WRDS L J 1 O THENL z O GOSUB2000 210 NEXIJ L 220 PRINT PRINT DONE SECOND PART 230 FORI 1TO5 FORJ 1TO5 240 PRINT46 SS I J PRINTE6 S I J 245 PRINT42 S 1 2 S 1 2 250 NEXIJ I 260 SAVE 6 270 PRINT DONE THIRD PART 4280 END 1 999 REM SUBROUTINE FOR HIGH VALUE WORDS 2000 SUM FORK lTOS 2018 SUM SUM V ASC MIDS WRD L K 1 64 22020 NEXTK 2030 IFLS B THENS 1 2040 IFLS I THENS 2 2050 IFLS N THENS 3 2060 IFLS G THENS 4 2070 IFL O THENS 5 2080 FORK 1TO5 2090 IFMIDS WRDS L K 1 LSTHENGOSUB4000 3000 NEXTK RETURN 3010 END 4000 IFSUM gt S S K THENS S K SUM S S K WRDS L 4010 PRINTS K WRDS L 4020 RETURN Listings continued on page ll er gram The second program per LISTING 1C forms three tasks Since these tasks are not separable they 10 REM SOLUTION RANKING PROGRAM must be in a single program 28 DIMNRDSCS 50 S0L 62 V6 5 55 466 The tasks are marked with REM 30 LOADaS HiMords Data L ADa4 Solutions LOADu7
32. O 65721 k k k k FOR SALE 650 Telecommunica tions Software Basic Assemb ler package configurable to different protocols Control characters allow toggle be tween Terminal Computer Modes Send Receive files I m on line with Western Union EZ Link Call Henry St Clair 703 992 1800 Home 992 5666 kkk k k Send for free catalog Aurora Software 37 South Mitchell Arlington Heights IL 60005 Phone 312 259 4971 GIVE AWAY Multi Strike Printer Ribbons What do you currently pay for a multi strike ribbon cart ridge About 54 00 each lots of 6 We have found a solution that May Cause you never to use a fabric ribbon again 1 Did you know that most all multi Strike ribbon cartridges use the same ribbon bobbin It is just pressed on a different Size hub and put in your cart ridge type 2 We have found a source of recently outdated yes many are dated Diablo Hi Type I cartridges We took the oldest one we could find put it in our NEC cartridge and printed this Now honestly do you see any difference We can t either So we are offering those of you who use Hi Type I or are willing to pry open whatever Cartridge you are using and replace the bobbin a deal you can t refuse Buy one box of 6 cartridges for 8 00 and we will give you a second box FREE That s 66 66 cents a piece or 83 off At that rate how can you lose Add 53 00 for post age and handling
33. OD IDs F t 2780 160 02800 1720 RCJ U Rage Me S 2790 IF ciE 1STHENFPsi 1730 RIO DERI J V 2800 IFFPs1THENOSOXiE15 Z ZW1E15 1740 RJ T SRGP T U gt 2810 5 50 0 0 2 2 29750 IFIZ NTHENN I 7 2820 LP 1 X 1760 IFJ2NTHENNsJ E 2830 IFO 0THEN2890 i 1770 RETURN 2840 2557 29578xATN Z 0 e s 41780 REM RESISTOR Mei 5 P 2850 IFO gt OTHENRETURN gt S 24 1790 13 15104 ere x geet ioc series og OY Tu Ei sp DU ques d l i soon RETURNS in 220015 ag x 18207PCJTI P J5I U 2 2890 Z 90 SGN Y ga t 1830 G0T01750 102 2900 RETURN D 1840 REM CAPACITOR mor 5 v x 22910 REM T LOAD sa gt Po 1850 Oa head 2920 IFT 1 0THENRETURN f VE ET 1840 dod z ae 2930 0 r o 1870 A T DAIJ V EL 3 2940 R1z0 E 1880 0 1 0 09 1 t 2950 R2x0iRisRieil AO 1890 60701750 2960 R2 R2 1 1900 REM TRANS jo E 2970 S R1 R2 50 PERS ae 1910 U Ua 2980 IFR2 CN 1THEN2960 219207 M Lies f i 2990 IFR1 lt gt N 1THEN2950 1930 POI 8000 1 QE 19407 PIIL P I L V 3010 IFX gt 20THENRETURN Y 1950 IFK2NTHENNSK 3020 IFT X 0THENRETURN 1960 TEUZNTHENNSL CENE 3030 IFT X s1THEN3090 1970 GOTOI7S 3040 IFT X s2THEN3280 1980 REM COMP wat X 3050 R1 1 Z X XTAN 25 W L X 1990 gt 1
34. OR ZD DEALER ZM MAIL ORDER 0 OTHER 10 1 lt 11 11 100 110 Z 4 NO CENTS COPIES IN CIRCULATION PRICE RETAIL PLUS TAX amp HANDLING OR SASE NAME AND ADDRESSES AUTHOR SELLER or SAME NAME STREET 22222222 STREET MUNERE CMW T CITY STATE _s STATE mE PHONE 4 PHONE katen DESCRIPTION MAXIMUM 10 LINES OF 30 CHARACTERS 1 2 3 4 5 DE XC uh uk E nr ea Lo eeu Rr Ae I D e PEEK 65 September 1985 23 E l BULK RATE TE U S POSTAGE PAID The Unofficial OSI Users Journal Owings Mills MD e PERMIT NO 18 P O Box 347 Owings Mills Md 21117 DELIVER TO INVENTORY SALE OUR SHELVES ARE BULGING e HERE S YOUR CHANCE TO COMPLETE YOUR LIBRARY AT LESS THAN 1 2 PRICE Get a one year volume set 12 back issues for 515 00 and we will pay UPS Get one back issue of the OSIO newsletter free with order Foreign orders by VISA MASTER CHOICE only plus postage Orders can not be sent to P O Boxes NAME sia SII cw eee alae nie Gh be esoteene ope e seis s STATE 4 BTS CODE isis Feed eae Please send me the following volume s I enclose Vol 2 1981 JAN 1 FEB 2 MAR 3 APR 4 MAY 5 JUN 6 JUL 7 AUG 8 SEP 9 10 NOV 11 DEC 12 Vol 3 1982 JAN 1 FEB 2 3 4 M
35. STEPS PRINTs the results to the 298 PRINT42 3 EPRINTA2 IDSCSOLSCD J 2 output buffer as the file 308 NEXTJ I BiWords Data and when done 310 PRINT amp 2 PRINT amp 2 JOB IS COMPLETE SOLUTION STORED UNDER Solutions calis the third program called 328 PRINT DONE Solutions 330 END The third program takes the output of the second program read a HEXDOS disk send by OPENing an input buffer enough to cover the cost of a then forms the highest value disk a disk mailer and post Magic Squares with the word age BINGO appearing in each of the vertical columns then it forms the highest value Magic Square with the word BINGO on the upper left to lower right diagonal that is the only diagonal asked for Since there are only 6 things to be ranked at this level in the solution a simple bubble sort BEGINNER S CORNER Any field which CORBIEGA ot ee pl just the letter d is not ete hue E By L 2 Jankowski saved to disk Simple Choose to which solution is the high Otaio Rd 1 Timaru your own marker if d is un est value The final 6 5o New Zealand acceptable even the word lutions are then PRINTed to deleted could be used as a the screen the printer and to EDIT amp ZERO FOR BPE marker ee nn BUE caltea Gee whizz what an omission Add N z to the end of line E Last month the first part of 140 the Sequential File Editor was CHALLENGE TO 65D and 65U discussed The program as it The program will allo
36. Values Data Statements They are 48 FORTSLTOS FORJ 1TO5 50 INPUTSS HRDSCJ DD VA CJ DD l OPEN an input buffer and 60 NEXTJ I LOADs the output of the first 70 REM 1 IS ALL B s J 2 IS ALL 175 ECT 151 IS FIRST COLUMN ETC program into this buffer OPEN 86 REM SOLUTION OF ARRAY an input buffer and link it to 98 FORIsITOS V IOs0 S0LS CIOs F RJz1TOS the disk file called Words 108 SOLS CIPSSOLSCID MROSCI JO Data the buffer is only 2K 119 bytes but the file is approxi 188 NEXTJ I mately 53K bytes long how 139 REM PRINCIAPL DIAG SOLUTION ever as the data is needed 158 6 0 501 6 tFORISITOS HEXDOS is smart enough to see 168 SOLSC 22850LSCGD2 HRDSCI 1 that the proper disk track is 170 V 602VC6D NRCI ID read off the disk and into the 180 NEXTI buffer OPEN an output buffer 199 REM SORT TO RANK SOLUTIONS USING SIMPLE BUBBLE to hold the results that 200 FLAG BIFORIs2TOG passed on to the next program 810 amp VCI BeVCI 12 a 7S0LS Do B s30L CI 22 t 220 VCI 1 50 S0LSCID B S0LSCI 1 A FLAG 1 2 The second part is my 230 NEXTI algorithm for finding a solu 240 IFFLAGTHEN2O00 tion 245 INPUT47 AS PRINTS 250 FORI 1T06 3 The third part PRINTs the 269 PRINT amp 4 PRINTE4 SOLSCIO output to the screen so prog 870 PRINT 2 PRINTH2 This solution is equal to V I ress can be monitored and 888 FORJ 1TOLEN SOLS L
37. X 006F O PAGE POINTER USED BY FREFRC 40 CHKSTR 0CBE CHECK FOR STRING EXPRESSION 750 FRMEUL 0CCD FORMULA EURLURTOR 7 60 CHKCLS 0 00 CHECK FOR gt IN PROGRAM 70 CHKCOM 0E13 CHECK FOR IN PROGRRM 80 FCERR 1000 FUNCTION CALL ERROR 90 GIURVF 1218 GIVE A V PRIA TO ACCUM 100 FREFRC 1520 FIND STRING LENGTH RND RODRESS 110 6000 120 130 START JSR 15FC GET MATCH STRING INFO 140 BEQ BADSTA LENGTH 0 gt BRDSTR 150 STA SILEN OK SAVE AS IST STRING LENGTH 160 LDR INDEX GET MATCH STRING LOC LSB 170 STR P3 1 SAVE IT BELOW 180 LDA INDEX t LOCATION MSB 190 STA P3 2 SAVE IT TOO 200 JSA CHKCOM FIND SEPARATING COMMA 210 JSA FRMEUL EVALUATE 2ND EXPRESSION 220 JSA CHKSTR SURE IT S A STRING 230 JSA FREFRC FIND IT 240 CHP SILEN SMALLER THAN SEARCH STRING 250 NOTF VES OEFRULT TO MOT FOUND 260 LDV 00 2 OBJECT POINTER 270 STY S21ND SAVE AS SEARCH START INDEX 280 STR S2LEN SRUE LENGTH OF 2ND STRING 290 JSR CHKCLS SURE OF 5 iN TEXT 300 P1 6210 FETCH STRING 2 INDEX 310 LOX 00 INIZ MATCH POINTER COUNT 320 P2 LOA CINDEX2 V LOOK AT A CHARACTER 330 FFFF X SRME RS MATCH STRING 340 BNE P4 350 INX NO RESET amp RETRY VES BUMP MATCH COUNTER 360 CPX SILEN MATCHED ALL CHRRRCTERS 370 BEQ FOUND VES gt 380 INY NO BUMP SEARCH POINTER 390 CPV S2LEN LOOKED AT WHOLE STRING 400 BNE P2 NOI LOOP 410 P4 INC S21ND YES INC S
38. and makes it a proper floating point value At this point BASIC again has control and passes the result we have obtained to the variable X So far so good but we need a practical job to perform Since BASIC is replete with abilities to deal with numeri cal values a common use machine code is to deal with Strings As I noted in an earlier article the USR func tion is designed to allow only numerical values to be passed back to BASIC However this is not to say that USR is lim ited to numerical values for its argument i e the Y We can validly use the expres sion X USR Y Further with some added effort USR need not be limited to a sin gle argument We could con struct a function that works with two arguments such as BASIC s MID function that has a syntax similar to A 5 5 common problem BASIC pro grammers have to overcome is to find the occurrence if any of one string within an other and to locate the posi tion of the substring within the string being searched It can take an awful lot of gram space and execution time for this task yet it is a relatively trivial task in ma chine code as I hope to dem onstrate Simply stated our job is to see if a one string can be found within another string and if so at what Sition is the substring locat ed giving that position value to a variable in BASIC Well the idea is simple way
39. at prompt enter NEW256 That will preserve a 256 byte buf fer at the start of the work space that will protect our machine code Now enter the following program 10 8778 0 POKE 8779 96 20 AS ABCDEFGHIJ B 472 DEF given to a numeric variable Save this program in the 650 file you created above so that it will save a copy of the ma chine code as well as forming a seed program for ycur future use Now just enter RUN If all has gone well BASIC should return 4 as the re sult since B DEF occurs in A beginning at the 4th character This routine has many uses Consider the task of parsing a string entry to separate words within a String The following code could be used as a subroutine to pick out the next word within a string 1000 POKE 8778 0 POKE 8779 96 L LEN AS 1010 IF L 0 THEN BS RETURN 1020 X USR AS 1030 IF X THEN BS AS AS RETURN 1040 BS LEFTS AS X 1 AS RIGHTS AS L X RETURN As you can see the routine puts the next word in AS and puts it in B and removes BS from A before quit ting If A is null then BS is returned as a null as well And all this is accomplished with a minimum of space over head in your program and with out having to deal with prop erly exiting a FOR NEXT loop Note that this routine will fall flat on its face if two consecutive spaces are embed ded in the string being parsed I hope you enjoy this program
40. ch safer choice if there may be a number of identical elements Zeroes and null strings are The advantages of Quicksort particularly disastrous if are its speed though with smaller arrays there is less difference and its a more satisfying way of showing pro there is a block of the middle of the array for example the above version of Quicksort will make almost no gress progress for several minutes You may also need to consider whether the array is sometimes zeroed out For example if you are sorting a customer DPM are its reliability the Quicksort will be fine in doesn t use SWAP another December but hopelessly slow bytes in January You may be able to avoid the problem by sort ing on two fields at once or by saying IF A I z0 THEN A I sRN 100000 where RN record number This may be Algorithms 14 PEEK 65 September 1985 desirable anyway to keep the duplicates in a fixed order The advantages of the Shell smaller memory requirement by about 300 bytes and the fact file by sales year to date that the indirect version Next month more Sorting DATA RECORDER By D G Johansen P O Box 252 La Honda CA 94020 Listing 1 contains routines which allow you to use your printer to plot curves for real time data observation in a laboratory or industrial en vironment The same technique can be used to plot template curves for engineering design studies Figure 1 shows
41. d by a single digit For example 3 will move the EDIT screen forward by 380 fields line 1030 A BETTER EDITOR The EDIT block employs fancy footwork but is still unsatis factory To edit a line it is necessary to retype the whole line even if only char acter change is required Se lecting a line for editing is clumsy A cleaner edit method is presented in WAZZAT ZERO The ZERO utility presented here is self contained and gives the same result as the OSI utility The Assembler listing is a short program that fills the device 6 buf fer RAM with zeroes Users of 5 disks change line 60 to 08 DOS 3 2 users will TERE e 10 y 3j New ZERO utility 20 j c L Z Jankowski 30 3 1985 40 2E79 2 79 50 DO 60 0C 70 BO 2 79 48 PHA 90 2 7 TXA 100 2E7B 48 PHA 110 2E7C 98 TYA 120 2E7D 48 PHA 130 2 7 97 LDA 7E 140 2 80 BIDO STA ZP 150 2 82 8929 LDA 39 160 2684 85D1 STA 2 1 170 2E86 A20C LDX PC 180 2 88 Adon LDY 00 190 2E8A 98 TYA 200 2EBB 60 TWO INC ZP 1 210 2 8 9 1DO ONE STA ZP Y 220 ZEBF C8 INY 250 2 90 DOFB 240 2 92 DEX 250 2E93 DOFS BNE TWO 260 2695 468 PLA 270 2E96 AB TAY 280 2E97 68 PLA 290 2 98 AA TAX 300 2 99 68 PLA 510 2E9A 60 RTS need to change the second byte in line 150 of the Assembler listing to 31 for 5 and to 30 for 8 disks Notice that
42. e already have many subscrib ers in New Zealand who use Pacnet to access data bases all over the world and find it very useful and cheap Obvi ously this is business rela ted Whether it is cheap for hackers like me is another story I suspect that it will be for OSI SIG because there is no other source of software in this god forsaken country OSI is dead Ray Osborn Rotorua New Zealand HUMOR Real Programmers don t write specs users should consider themselves lucky to get any programs at all and take what they get Real Programmers don t comment their code If it was hard to write it should be hard to understand AD OS 65D V3 2 DISASSEMBLY MANUAL Published by Software Consult ants now available through PEEK 65 for 25 95 including postage Overseas add extra postage weight 1602 Make check or money order in U S funds drawn on a 0 5 bank payable to PEEK 65 P O Box 347 Owings Mills MD 21117 kk k k OSI TECHNICIAN PROGRAMMER WAN TED Must have experience in general hardware and program ming DMS Multi user business applications Needs general knowledge of accounting and related issues Send resume references and a letter ex plaining the details of your experience State your desir ed starting pay and expected pay goals for three years from now No smokers or drinkers Will pay reasonable moving ex pense Fessenden Computers 116 North 3rd St Ozark M
43. e pass ed namely 16 bit signed inte gers in two s compliment held in two 8 bit bytes Books that teach 6582 Assembly Language programming will discuss two s compliment math For this discussion we need only deal with positive values for now In a program that will want to pass values our BASIC program will contain a line of code much like X USR Y where X is to be given the result of the operation of the function USR on the value Y The following program is a trivial application yet it demonstrates the essentials required to pass parameters between BASIC and machine code routines Consider the follow ing 10 BUMP IT ONE 20 30 GETINT 0006 F P ACCUM CONTENTS AN INTEGER 40 0008 GIVE CONTENTS OF ACCUM amp Y moe I 50 FRCHLO 0081 FLORTING POINT ACCUMULATOR NLSB 60 FRCLO 0082 FLOATING POINT ACCUMULATOR LSB 70 80 5000 90 100 START JSA GETURL MAKE ARGUMENT AN INTEGER 110 LDA FACLO GET LSB 120 ec c 130 01 RDO 1 TO IT 140 TAY SAVE RESULT LSB INY REG 150 LDA FRCHLO GET MSB 160 ROC 00 ADD IN RNY CRRRY 170 UMP GIUJMPO JUMP TO GIURVF 180 190 GETURL JMP GETINT JUMP TO INTEGER CONVERT 200 210 END The BASIC program to support this code would be 10 8778 0 POKE 8779 96 REM SET USR VECTOR 6000 20 INPUT YOUR NUMBER Y 30 X USR Y REM PERFORM FUNCTION ON y 40 PRINT X REM DISP
44. e similarity stops The DMA 360 gives you hard disk reliability Floppies don t The DMA 360 protects your data in a totally sealed cartridge Floppies don t The DMA 360 packs 13 megabytes 10 formatted on a single ANSI standard DMA Systems half cartridge It takes up 30 floppy removable 51 disks to achieve an equal Winchester diii capacity The 360 even has lower cost per megabyte than a floppy But it gives you so much more Like an average access time of 98 milliseconds A transfer rate of 625 kilobytes per second And an error rate on par with the most reliable conventional Winchester disk drives FOR PRICING AND DELIVERY CONTACT YOUR NEAREST D B I DEALER WANGTEK 5000E is a registered trademark of WANGTEK CORPORATION DMA 360 is a registered trademark of DMA SYSTEMS PEEK 65 September 1985 5 Aye CAP NODE A 3 NODE B 1 3 3E 06 Parads IND NODE A 1 NODE B 4 4 7E 03 RES NODE A 2 NODE B 3 180 Ohms ANALYSIS INPUT NODE 2 OUTPUT NODE 3 START FREQ Hz 100 STOP PREQ Hz 16331 5 7 DATA POINTS LOG FREQ SWEEP FREQ 100 9362 20106 5729 Volt 20 5822 uisa FREQ 233 7963 AMPL 7423 20LOG 2 5888 PHASE 42 0755 FREQ 546 6072 AMPL 3718 20L0G 8 5939 i EREQ PHASE 68 1736 e 203 2 REQ PREQe 1277 9476 AMPL 0 20L0G 116 4313 PIGURE 4 5 89 9999 FREQ 2987 7945 RES NODE 1 NODE B 4 50 Ohms
45. ear Just five to ten minutes a day allows your mind and dreams to take charge of your life Set Your Goals To reach a goal you have to know where you are going Just enter your goals or future appointments and let your computer remind you Set Your Priorities Success depends upon doing first things first Assign priorities 1 99 to your To Do list let the computer keep them ranked by date or priority and then get to work When the time comes the computer will help you transfer itemsto your choice of time on ihe daily Appointment Scheduler Technicalities Appointment Scheduler 18 time slots per day you define for 60 days To Do List 60 items ranked by date priority Future Planning 60 long range items date sorted days to event or days overdue Transfer to Scheduler just tell it the date and time Printed Calendars Year on a page and one month box planning any month any year System uses both Julian and Gregorian calendars to handle dates from 1910 2399 and produce day of the week Screen and menu driven DMS Keybase com patible files Detailed 38 page manual Simple installation FD to Multi HD Files for 5 users 5 400 appointments Unlimited Warranty HARDWARE 48K OSI 8 floppy or hard disk serial terminal system OS 65U v 1 3 or later FEATURES package allows configuration to ANSI standard and almost all non ANSI terminals AND use specification ot printer port PRICE 300 00 User Manual 25 00 cred
46. ed to make you read carefully the latter giving some good tical insight into BETA 65 Programmer s heaven can be found in Rick Trethewey s lat est effort to help laymen get better use of the USR function with OSU and Roger Clegg s contribution on sort programs round out the U world For the D programmer Leo Jankowski is at it again with more on the sequential file and a new trick with Rick Trethewey s HOOKS What a job these two have done and what a shame they are half a world apart Then there is one to make everyone feel good and at the same time offer a challenging contest It s Joseph Ennis s OSI Beats IBM PC Ed Richardson puts the cap head loading by addressing twin drives of the 5 variety That leaves us with what read ers are requesting and hence our request for your articles BUSINESS RELATED ARTICLES What we have printed in the past has been great but we need more Whether it be a narrative on how you got to where you are some useful routines that you have 1 oped or need or a description of your unique application just jot it down and send it to us Here are two other areas readers want covered BSR control continues to be an area that is little under stood and thus is rarely used If only users knew more about the power that lurks under the hood Although cov ered in this issue USR func tions continue to be an area of interest particularly those who d
47. ements OS65D 3 3 has for me a great failing Disk utilities can not be used from within BASIC programs True there is one excellent improvement over DOS 3 2 the TRAP command Disk errors can be trapped no dropping out into Immediate Mode upon disk error Thanks to HOOKS disk utili ties can be used from within BASIC programs see the Source code 65 Vol 4 12 amp 5 1 5 6 by R Trethewey Amazing things can now be done For example MAKE new files from within a BASIC program or view the disk directory All this and more has been gathered toget her into one program as listed here The program also illustrates how disk errors can be proper ly recorded on the screen For example if from the menu choice 2 was made and the drive was not ready then the program would report INIT gt DISK ERROR lt and DOS would print ERR 6 ERROR All of this is made visible on the screen and tidily present ed thanks to the BASIC 3 3 PRINT amp print at command The utility can be appended to any BASIC program Use GOTO to go to the utility as shown in line 50 Making choice 8 from the menu will return to the line number found at the end of line 5110 Purists may be fretting here at the lack of GOSUB After extensive disk use GOSUB crashes Notice that TRAP 6000 is set in line 5010 If you have another TRAP remember to re Set it after coming back from the uti
48. hard disk to get a copy Leo s disk is now added to the PEEK stable and is available for only 525 50 which in cludes domestic postage and handling We will have more details next month but do feel free to call or write us SEPTEMBER 1985 VOL 6 NO 9 INSIDE MACHINE CODE PROG GUIDE OS 65U 2 A C CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PROG 3 OSI BEATS IBM PC 7 BEGINNER S CORNER 11 MISC SORT ALGORITHMS 13 DATA RECORDER 14 GREAT LANGUAGE DEBATE f 17 WAZZAT CORNER 19 HEAD LOAD MODS 5 1 4 D DRIVES 26 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 22 SOFTWARE LISTING FORM 23 Even more good news We are told that the latest update version of The Data System TDS the U based DBMS pro duced by Gander Software Ltd and sold by them and ISOTRON is in final testing and ex pected to be released very Soon Improvements include editing of Defined File edi tors that may now be 3 pages deep stored label formats Stored calculations and post ings including math and logic rules plus vastly spedup 1 bels and reports The Program Generator has also been up graded to literally write BASIC code to execute programs Stored in TDS jobs and it is even faster More next month when it is officially out Now to the issue at hand For the last several months Roy Agee has been trying to tweak your conscience Let us hear your thoughts and counter thoughts a more specific plain Bryson s NETAL circuit analyzer and Johansen s Data Recorder are guarante
49. he drive was se lected Only when low do the Output pin 3 head load LETTERS ED I ve written to CompuServe for details for their services and yes there is a cheaper way than owning the phone company I m sure you must be aware that sending 300 b p s data over a telephone link that can carry the information contain ed in speech is inefficient to say the least Telephone com panies know this and are well able to provide multiplexed low speed data channels at cheaper rate than toll speech circuits It s probably just a matter of knowing how To give you an example In this country it would cost me 59 to send 168K to Leo Jankowski in Timaru via the telephone network But if we were both registered as Pacnet users a packet switched data network which costs 75 join ing plus 4 50 a month I could send the same data for about 51 Pacnet users New Zealand have access to the USA for 12 per hour plus 12 per 64K as against normal telephone char ges of 168 per hour that similar available for I am quite sure services are Australian and British sub scribers apart from your Selves within the USA In New Zealand the Post Office pro vides and controls all commun ications I work for them In the UK I imagine British Telecom would be the people to approach and in Australia Overseas Telecoms In the USA I wouldn t know perhaps Bell ITT WUI 22 PEEK 65 September 1985 W
50. in lines 100 and 309 which chooses the middle element as the pivot in case the array is partially sorted DISK DRIVE RECONDITIONING WINCHESTER DRIVES FLAT RATE CLEAN ROOM SERVICE parts amp labor included 23meg 550 00 Shugart 5 4008 10meg 390 00 Shugart SA1004 Seagate 57412 lOmeg 295 00 FLOPPY DRIVE FLAT RATES 8 Single Sided Shugart 190 00 8 Double Sided Shugart 250 00 8 Single Sided Siemens D amp E Series 150 00 8 Double Sided Siemens P Series 170 00 Write or call for detailed brochure 90 Day warranty on Floppy amp Large Winch 1 Yr Warranty on 5 amp 8 Winchesters Phone 417 485 2501 EJ FESSENDEN COMPUTERS 116 N 3RD STREET OZARK MO 65721 PEEK 65 September 1985 13 1 REM kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk 2 10 1 0 J 0 G 0 T 0 L 0 U 0 S 0 CRS CHRS 13 20 1000 REM Number to sort 30 DIM P N A N L 28 U 22 RS 5 40 FOR I 1 TO N P I I A I N RND 1 NEXT 50 INPUT QUICKSCRT OR SHELL DPM SORT R 60 IF R Q THEN L 1 U N S GOSUB 800 GOSUB 100 GOSUB 900 70 IF R z S THEN G N GOSUB 200 80 PRINT CHR 7 FOR 1 N PRINT A P I NEXT REM Indirect sort 90 END 97 98 REM INDIRECT QUICKSORT 1000 elements in 108 seconds at 2 Mhz 99 100 PRINT L CR NULL P U P L U 2 J L l 0 110 FOR I L TO U IF A P I lt K THEN J J l NULL P J P I 120 NEXT IF 2414 THEN 5 5 1 1 5 1 0 6 0 130 U J 1 IF L lt 100
51. ion Why learn BASIC Be cause BASIC was chosen over twenty years ago and is USED by a major portion of the bus iness industrial community Also computer manufacturers provide BASIC with nearly OSI ISOTRON MICRO COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICE 02 AND C3 SERIES 200 AND 300 SERIES FLOPPY DISK DRIVES HARD DISK DRIVES CD 7 23 36 74 TERMINALS PRINTERS MODEMS BOARD SWAPS CUSTOM CONFIGURATIONS CUSTOM CABLES SERVICE CONTRACTS PHONE 616 451 3778 COMPUTERLAB INC 307 MICHIGAN ST N E GRAND RAPIDS MI 49503 every microcomputer A major reason to learn BASIC is that BASIC is USED 3 LOGO PROLOG PASCAL Of these languages LOGO has the greatest application in elementary and some areas of secondary education LOGO is excellent for graphics art etc PROLOG presents another problem Question to software stores computer specialists etc elicits a blank stare when asked about PROLOG So far no one seems to b aware of PROLOG PASCAL is required by the College Board N Y as part of the AP test This was advanc ed and heavily promoted by the ivory tower types who de veloped and profit from it While PASCAL does some Limited application outside of the classroom this is tanta mount to i LATIN for all students There is noth ing terribly wrong with requiring Latin But of what real world value is PASCAL It is this observers opinion that Latin is of far m
52. ish to activate the printer form feed function under version 3 3 of OS65D add line 25 PRINT 1 1 65 66 This print command will work if it is activated before the ATNENB program disables the print extensions There is a lot of mathematics involved in calculating the circuit transfer function The more nodes you add the longer each frequency calcu lation takes 10 node cir cuit takes about 45 seconds for a single frequency calcu lation patient The program computes the total real and imaginary impedances between nodes If you want to modify the circuit without reentering all the components after an analysis you can merely add a component to the Same set of nodes For exam ple if you enter a resistor of 1000 ohms between nodes 1 and 2 two times it is the same as entering one resistor of 500 ohms You can just as easily add components between any set of existing nodes the circuit and generate a new analysis Once an analysis is performed you can t add nodes to the circuit however a new circuit will have to be entered if more nodes are necessary I don t expect there are too many analog designers out there but if you feel this program is useful to you and don t want to run the risk of making a mistake I 11 provide a copy of the program on a 0565 formatted disk for 5 00 Just send me a check and your address and I ll take care of the disk and postage I have a plotting routine written for anothe
53. ited toward TTP pur chase Michigan residents add 4 sales tax DEALERS Your inquiries are invited This program should be on every 65U machine including your own At dealer prices you couid bundle this superior package as a sales incentive GANDER SOFTWARE Ltd 3223 Bross Road ThePonds Hastings MI 49058 616 945 2821 it Flies PEEK 65 September 1985 17 FIGURE 1 CH CHA S Ki Ph if L E 4 gf LI PL S r D Pe an The debate primarily around which of 2 or Seems to center 3 languages should be taught to whom and when Some of the best most articulate and humorous of the debating team seem to have one thing in common they are against BASIC and for some the teaching of PROGRAMMING in general On that point the traditional teaching of PRO GRAMMING we agree However learning to write a set of instructions to solve routine problems is a must pro vide a course for computer studies without learning how 18 PEEK 65 September 1985 to program is like a course in Drivers Ed without a steering wheel The arguments against BASIC include BASIC is sloppy BASIC is not efficient other languages are more efficient and students cannot transfer Skills to other languages These individuals generally promote teaching such compu
54. l side by side configura tion and looks like IBM PC box It incor porates a larger power supply and can support 2 Winchester drives or 1 drive and tape or 2 5 floppies in place of one of the above Drives can be accessed from any single or multi user OS system by running an overlay program on that partition or can be booted directly by replacing current ROM PROM with our SCI 500 PROM available for 49 00 extra Single 20 M B drive 15 7 formatted single case Single 26 M B drive 21 formatted single case Dual 20 M B drives 31 4 formatted dual case Dual 26 M B drives 42 formatted dual case Super Fast 85 M B drive 70 formatted single case Dual 85 M B drives 140 formatted dual case SPACE COM 14661A Myford Road Tustin CA 92680 714 731 6502 PEEK 65 September 1985 15 In BETA 65 notation the colon LISTING 1 Character is used to denote a label Lines 388 to 350 con M E n 35000 3e 3 3 3E JE E 3 3E 9 E 3E JE 3E 3E 3 3E JE 3E 9E E JE IE 3E 3 puce 35002 x DATA RECORDER SUBROUTINES Gate 35004 USED TO PLOT SEQUENTIAL DATA t may be referenced by name 35206 xxx ON OKIDATA 8288 PRINTER 399x399 1 35008 CODED BETA 65 NOTATION 33 535220 2 35228 Ed sargo rnr aS shown in 40000 SUBR INIZ chart 40212 FOR I FROM 1 TO 128 NCHR 1298 BUF I NEXT I You may wish to modify the 40012 Set
55. lity If stop start of disk is not required then just write RETURN on line 5378 The command POKE 2073 173 in line 5430 restores CTRL C control If you require the standard cursor then in line 5430 change 128 to 171 In line 5420 insert the cor rect line number for a return back to the main program All spacing and REM lines removed without affecting the program Board level service on OSI isotron e TeleVideo IBM pc xt Floppy drive alignment e Siemens e Shugart e Teac Terminal repair e TeleVideo eMicro Term 1week turnaround Soko Electronics Inc 474 N Potomac St Hagerstown Md 21740 301 791 2562 PEEK 65 September 1985 19 Appending the utility to BASIC programs is simple Load the utility and send it to the in direct file with LIST 5000 press shift key and fol lowed by a shift M when the listing is finished Load the BASIC program and now CTRL X brings the utility into BASIC and merges it with the BASIC program MORE RAM One possible probiem with HOOKS and other extras writ ten to run with DOS and BASIC is that they could use up to 10 REM DISK UTILITIES far HOOKS 20 REM Program assumes 2250 for STOP START disk subroutine 50 REM Used here array U variables C Y Y 22 W9 4K of RAM Where to put it on both drives of a DF system all both heads will be loaded even though only one drive is se I use the remains of a Su
56. lotted The succeeding lines contain scaling information for each channel For example in line 320 the values 38 and 50 indi cate that the first channel occupies tab settings 30 to 58 values 100 and 100 indicate the data range for this channel r SUPER HARD DISK Subsystem TURNS ANY FLOPPY BASED COMPUTER INTO HARD DISK BASED INSTANTLY PLUGS INTO ANY OSI TYPE BUS ONE RIBBON CABLE CONNECTS TO DRIVE COMPLETELY SELF CONTAINED 32 BIT ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION HAS REAL TIME CLOCK CALENDAR W BATTERY ON SCSI ADAPTER BOARD CAN BOOT DIRECTLY FROM OSI 505 510 CPUs OR DENVER BOARDS W SCSI PROM IDEAL BACK UP FOR ALL 051 HARD DISK COMPUTERS l FROM 1 999 00 The SPACE COM SUPER SUBSYSTEM Uses 574 Industry Standard Hard Disk drives interfaced to the OSI bus by the DS 1 SCSI Host Adapter Board at the computer end and the state of the art OMT 5000 series Intelligent Disk Tape Controllers at the disk end The Denver DS 1 Board not only pro vides the Bus Translation but gives Real Time of Day Day Week AM PM and Day Mo With on board battery Date and Time are maintained w o power The chassis is beautifully engineered with lighted on off switch standard a c cord and insulated spade terminals for easy service A Corcom Emi Filter is incorporated in the a c jack and power is provided by an extremely efficient switching power supply The case is also available in dua
57. mary ob jective of a Computer Studies Course must be to teach the use of the microcomputer as tool for solving problems to improve and enhance those skills not to learn lan guage Learning or develop ing new languages is best re Served for the talented 10 and those pursuing advanced studies in computer science The rest of us need to learn to use the tool for more routine activities such as survivall All of us in education need to ask this question Am I teaching my students what I want them to learn or what they NEED TO KNOW This question has relevance to all aspects of education In computer education it is of paramount importance to the economy to our country and most of all to our youth who will need to cope with and conquer the challenge of the 21st Century Those movers and shakers in the education al establishment had better wake up and smell the cof fee before several hundred thousand more high school and college students graduate without the necessary skills and abilities required of them in this The Information Age Roy Agee is a Computer Edu cation Consultant for Career Publishing Inc Orange CA Mr Agee is author lec turer educator who has been involved with the development of computer education since 1959 WAZZAT CORNERI By L Z Jankowski Otaio Rd 1 Timaru New Zealand DISK UTILITIES FOR HOOKS Despite major improv
58. model an FET you merely provide the transcon Guctance which can be found on the data sheet for the tran Sistor operating with the D C conditions of your circuit The program also accommodates transmission line analysis The model is more complicated and will require longer time for solution I have provided the example in Figure 4 from the orginal article on this program I personally haven t had a need to use transmission line analysis but it s there if you want it The final Fig ure 5 shows an example of an Op Amp circuit You define the inverting input output nodes noninverting input and output nodes differential voltage gain and output imped ance The circuit shown is a high pass filter set for a 1000 Hertz break point The program will allow you to easily compute the effects of component tolerances and thus get the most cost effective components to meet your re quirements A few items you should note If you are operating with version 3 3 of OS65D you ll have to run the ARCTAN enabl ing program before this pro gram is run What I have done is added a RUN NETAL to the end of the ATNENB program copy on the disk which contains the NETAL program The NETAL program will call ATNENB if it is working under version 3 3 This is the only program I have that needs the ARCTAN function and I always forgot to run the enabling program thus I highly recommend you make the modification Also if you w
59. od character Should the data point inter sect the channel edge the marker is replaced by the data 4 Pe TEST PROGRAM USING 5 DATA RECORDER TRACK 30 6 sxx CODED IN BETA 65 TIE IER REN RE point See line 40232 In 9 the present program the curve DN is prevented from overflowing 18 CALL INIZ charti Initialize buffer 20 PRINT CHR 29 Set printer to 120 columns Ineo t hesadjacent Channel iby 30 step nr O sn 1000000 cs Initialize variables limiting to the edge value ae 78 See line 40212 of Listing l 82 PRINT TAB 13 CH1 TAB 38 Continued 92 5 CH3 TAB CH4 5 Listing 2 continued 16 PEEK 65 September 1985 98 Label first line 94 PRINT Skip second line 98 100 sloop Plot test profile 110 126 130 140 150 198 eon 218 een 232 240 250 268 278 296 298 00 310 320 330 340 390 390 398 400 40e 404 CALL PLOT chi step nr CALL PLOT ch2 sn 18080 CALL PLOT ch3 X cs 10900 CALL PLOT ch4 10000 CALL PLOT chS 10000 4 srestep step nr l step nr sn i000 dcs cs 1000 dsn dcstcs cs dsrieshnzsn TEST step nr MOD 190 IFNE restep GOTO loop Plot 18 th step 1 1 charti 5 Denotes five channels chi S 25 a 10000 tche 30 50 100 100 ch3 50 70 100 100 ch4 70 110 100 100 schS 70 110 100 100 lawtab hightab lowvalue highvalue 1 YE EE
60. on t understand them very well but yearn for the speed and power they hold Once again don t forget to get your software listings in to us fast Not many things are free in this world fu THE LAYMAN S GUIDE TO MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING UNDER OS 65U PART II By Rick Trethewey 8 Duran Court Pacifica CA 94044 As you begin to program in machine code for 05 650 you quickly become aware of how completely BASIC has been mer ged into the operating system It is not at all like 08 65 in this respect Therefore you must respect BASIC s uses of memory when you write your machine code programs The Primary concerns that arise are in the use of page zero i e memory addresses 00 through SFF While the top 32 to 48 bytes of page zero are untouched by BASIC this is often not enough for major applications The easiest so lution to this problem is to copy the contents of page zero into a buffer as soon as your machine code program is exe cuted and then restore page zero when your program has finished This technique costs only a small overhead in mem ory and will insure that all will be well when control is returned to BASIC By the same token there are times when leaving BASIC alone has advantages The nice thing about having BASIC remain in memory is that it allows you to use several of its functions for your own routines For example if you use BASIC s text output rou tine at S AEE you rou
61. ore value than PASCAL Addition ally it has been recently reported that many colleges and universities are now re jecting PASCAL This coun try s Schools have spent wasted hundreds of millions of dollars in special equip ment and software to place PASCAL in the curriculum Will the 1 2 Billion gamble be a pay off or a busted hand These ivory towered promot ers developers of PASCAL are generally very articulate in telligent etc However are they sacrificing the practical NEEDS of the student in their pursuit of a perfect language The individuals who expend much talent time and effort in promoting and participating in such debates are causing far more confusion than clari fication Those most adverse ly affected are the young people enrolled in the tion s schools and colleges Too often school officials use these great debates as the reason for doing nothing Or continuing with their dec ades old computer science cou rses While this rather fool ish debate continues thou sands of high school and col lege students are graduating Or just leaving school igno rant of how to use micro computer as anything more than a typewriter with a screen if that Until such time as the manu facturers of computers and the business industrial com plex adopt another language students need to learn BASIC for the real world of the 1988 s and probably into the 21st Century The pri
62. orp 9460 Telstar El Monte CA 91731 I have had a lot of experience in sorting files and the pro gram SORTER summarizes my ex perience Although I have 3 Machine language sorts avail able I nearly always sort in BASIC as it is lot more flexible and the sorting time is insignificant compared to the printing time A is the array to be sorted N the number of ele ments All sorts will run faster if the variables used are listed in the first line of the pro gram For an alphabetic ASCII sort just substitute 5 for A and K for K To sort on two fields at once say DEPTS and NAMES set AS I DEPTS 4NAMES for each I To sort on two numeric fields at once say CUST and INV set A I M CUST INV for each I where M is bigger than any invoice number The maximum A I must less than 4 294 967 296 if the last dig it is critical To sort on an alphabetic field and a numeric field say 5 and INV set A 1I NAME RIGHTS STRS INV 6 or a similar formula CHOOSING AN ALGORITHM 1 INDIRECT VS DIRECT Usually one needs to keep track of the original order so an index or pointer array P or P is needed as well as the main array Before sorting set P 1 1 P 2 2 etc You can carry the pointer array along pas sively the direct sorting method or use it to do the work and leave the main array unsorted the indirect meth od After an indirect sort yo
63. per lected doubling the noise board and have 54K of RAM created using the Tasker Bus extra 6K of RAM is SCFFF 2K and at 4K The extra at 800 The The DF mod requires much more SE800 SF7FF expert track cutting and a made difficult I C removal This 4K is possible by removing the chip from the The ACIA is ACIA modification Superboard attempted addressed F000 11 HOOKS into and run from the should not be unless you are at experienced at this kind of is loaded work The tracks around the 4K IC to be removed are very block The 2K block holds the fine and the board uses modified Extended Monitor so it can be used at any time even from BASIC by L2J May 83 40 POKE2888 722 0 1REM Null INPUT enable 50 GOTOSOOO 80 220 END 4980 1 000 Ys21 PRINT 200 6 Y amp O 9 1 UTILITIES i 5010 PRINTS Y 10 1TRAP6000 5020 TRAP 6000 1 y 3 5050 Us i1 s Directory 1U 2 Init track 1U 5 a file 5040 U 4 2 Kill a 1 0 9 the program U 65 s Reset 5050 US 7 Select drive 1US 8 MAIN 109 9 gt EXIT program 5060 FORCe1TOB r PRINT amp Y 114 C RIGHTS STRS C 1 gt 1NEXTC 070 PRINT amp Y 12 C US 9 1POKE13026 63 IREM New cursor 080 PRINT 11 TAB Y 7 Choice 1 G08UBZ400 IFYSa X THENS420 0
64. r program which could be added to this one but haven t gotten around to converting it If there s any interest in expanding the features of this program let PEEK 65 know If there s enough need they will make Some space ina future issue and I ll either send in the additions to the letter to the editor or write another art icle FIGURE 1 2 1800 2 3 3 4 F 1 volt 4 7 mH 2 5 moe EE inc p o box 21146 e denver co 80221 phone 303 428 0222 Wangtek sets the industry s standard for excellence in 1 4 inch streamer technology because its tape drives are all created with an uncompromising dedication to the highest possible quality in design engineering and manufacturing These factors combine to give the Wangtek 5000E tape drive a level of performance and reliability that is unexcelled in today s marketplace The Wangtek 5000E is uniquely suited to meet the backup demands of today s smaller size higher capacity Winchester based computer systems it packs up to 60 MBytes of data storage in a compact half high form factor only 1 625 inches tall For added user convenience the drive accepts and automatically adjusts gains for either standard 45 MByte tape cartridges 450 foot cartridge or high capacity 60 MByte cartridges 600 foot cartridge WHAT S NEW AT D B I What s the answer The DMA 360 removable 514 Winchester It s exactly the same size as a 514 half height floppy drive but that s where th
65. te the output to either the con Sole or to a printer by set ting the output flag at 11686 This further allows you to check the position of the cur sor because BASIC counts the number of characters printed on the current line and saves the count in location 16 al lowing you to set up columns in your output Another very useful tool built into BASIC Copyright 1285 PEEK 65 Int Ait Fights Reserved published monthly Editor Eddie Gieske Technical Editor Brian Harston Circulation amp Advertising Mgr Karin Q Gieske Production Dept Fusselbaugh Ginny Mays Supse syhon Rules An Surtace US 19 Canada amp lexico sist cass 26 Sco Amersca 38 30 38 30 Other Foreign 43 30 All subscriptions are for 1 year and are payable in advance in US Dollars For back issues subscriptions change of address or other information write 10 PEEK 55 0 Box 347 Owings Milis MD 21117 301 363 3268 Mention of products by trade name in editorial material or advertisements contained herein in no way constitutes en Gorsements of the product or products by this magazine or publisher 2 PEEK 65 September 1985 is the ability to pass data between BASIC and your machine code programs Without modi fications the range of values that can be passed between BASIC and your machine code Programs is 32768 and 32767 This is because of the format in which the values ar
66. ter languages as LOGO PASCAL or as one particularly humorous individual advocated PROLOG Let s evaluate each of positions lt premise these 1 BASIC is a sloppy language students can t transfer skills to other languages BASIC is not sloppy However it is often taught in a sloppy man ner This is due to the frac tured and fragmented approach methods and materials used in the classroom When BASIC is learned properly a struc tured manner the concepts and fundamentals of computer lang uages are easily transferred to the other computer langu ages such as COBOL APL FOR TRAN etc 2 BASIC is not an efficient language other languages are more efficient and effective This of course is true There are several other com puter languages that are more efficient than BASIC There is however a flaw in the This analogy will best illustrate the point There are several languages which are more efficient than English why teach English Why not French or Latin And in fact a very good argument can be made for teaching other languages French Spanish Latin for example However these lan guages are from other cultures and are taught after the stu dent has gained an effective use of the language he she will NEED to cope with the culture in which they live Why then do we teach English Because English was chosen 200 years ago and is USED by a major portion of our popula t
67. the given print at position Text deleted from these lines is the text printed by lines 840 and 860 These deletions become necessary when the loop back to line 800 is made after the error NOL WINDOWS The window command line 890 has its curiosities In 22 62 19 the 22 be thought of as the window com mand code The 62 is the window width and the 19 is the window height Maximum values are 62 and 22 re spectively One reason for this is probably because both counts begin with zero An other is because both a width of 63 and a height of 23 would force line feed and the window would scroll up a line Another point to re member is that the first Screen address in the window is 0 0 Line 900 provides an example of this The com mand PRINT 24 clears the Screen window from the current cursor position The program presents a Screen of 9 fields for editing Nine because if each field consist ed of more than 55 characters then 18 lines would be printed on the screen It is possible to force the printing of up to 18 single line fields If the number of lines is too great to fit the window then that number is automatically adjus ted in line 938 until the right number of lines are on the screen How it works is cunning l SCREEN CHARACTER INPUT The first line line of the EDIT screen should be all blanks In line 920 the char acter at position 2 0 is input off
68. the form If you have more than one program to submit we certainly hope that you do please feel free to make photo copies of the form one for each program The hard part will be writing a description that will not exceed PEEK s physical limits 10 lines each not to exceed 30 characters We would like to give you more room but 18 lines of carefully chosen words should be adequate to whet the appetite If your software is not di rectly supported by you the author please fill in the DEALER ADDRESS as well as your own address block If both blocks are filled in only the dealer address will appear in PEEK The dealer address may be either the selling dealer Or an address where those in quiring may get a list of ven dors FREE PEEK 65 SOFTWARE LISTING FORM PROGRAM NAME BASIC VERSION LD OS65 D U 0565 0 C CP M CATEGORY LG GAME B BUSINESS LU UTILITY 4Q OTHER MINIMUM COMPUTER 217 SB SBII 247 287 207 C2 30EM C1P C2 4P ZD 2 3 227 200 C3A B 37 C300 MINIMUM STORAGE REQUIREMENTS 17 CASSETTE 5 5 1 4 8 7 8 FD 71777 cp 1 22727 23 28 36 74 USE 2ND BOX FOR UNITS REQUIRED TERMINAL SYS S SERIAL 2 VIDEO BOTH SYSTEMS SUPPORTED MAX 2 CODES RECORD LOCK ASSUMES MULTI USER LS ONE USER M MULTI USER HE BARD DISK Z R RECORD LOCK SOFTWARE SUPPORTED BY ZN NONE ZD DEALER P PHONE LM MODEM Z0 OTHER l a SOLD BY 5 ZA AUTH
69. the screen into Y with the 1 33 command If the number of lines printed in the window is correct then the window has not scrolled and Y will contain a blank A check for this is made in line 930 But wait the check is for a null Not another bug Yup The blank has been converted to a null and the manual says nothing about this If Y contains a character then the number of lines is reduced by one a new EDIT screen is printed and the same check made again The 1 33 can be used to remember a character on the Screen if it is about to be overwritten by a character in put from the keyboard line 966 12 PEEK 65 September 1985 SEQUENTIAL DATA FILE EDITOR 10 REM Sequential Data File Editor c LZ Jankowski 1985 20 REM All Rights Reserved 1985 Version 12 5 50 REM part two 40 790 REM EDIT 800 PRINT amp 4 10 D 250 810 FRINT EDIT How many entries on screen max 18 lines 9 L1 B20 INPUTY F VAL 1 IFYSa x ORF XTHEN1090 850 PRINT amp 16 8 15 amp 10 10 15 3 IFF amp 10RF 18THENF 2 840 PRINT amp 10 10 From entry 850 N VAL Y IFNFOTHENN 1 1 L1 INPUTYS IFYG x THEN1090 60 IFNOLTHENPRINT amp 16 8 large amp 16 10 51GOTOBOO 870 880 0 2 entry gt RETURN XFD page gt entry gt 890 PRINT page gt PRINT amp 0 3 22 62 19 1POKE2797 T21T58 900 FORK NTOLSTEP
70. tor and cap acitor resonant circuit Fig ure 1 shows the circuit with the nodes numbered Figure 2 has a sample run of the cir cuit showing the input and Output steps After you have selected an item from the command list the program then requests the necessary data for that item and prints out the results on your printer The matrix solution used has a drawback that only one output node is solved in each run thus to analyze all the nodes you must repeat the analysis option of the command list What I like most about this program is the easy simu lation of operational ampli fiers which are now universal ly used for filters and gain stages 4 PEEK 65 September 1985 To simulate NPN and tran sistors you ll need to perform a little direct current analy sis of your own first The effective base emitter resist ance must be calculated based on the quiescent conditions so that the program can determine the transconductance The for mulas required are shown in Figure 3 as well as an example of an NPN transistor circuit For those of you a little rus ty with circuit theory remem ber that a direct current vol tage source has a zero imped ance relative to an alternat ing current signal What did I just say in plain terms In other words the power supply looks like a short circuit to A C signals and hence the power supply is connected to the signal common for A C analysis as shown in the figure To
71. u read the main array as line 80 You must choose an indirect sort if you are sorting strings and the SWAP verb is not available This program contains code for the SWAP verb enabled by the routine at 800 If SWAP is not avail able you can substitute T A I A I sA J But ina direct string sort this causes garbage collection delays An indirect sort is also pref erable if you have two or more related arrays say accounts AC and amounts AM A direct sort would rearrange one array but not the other A direct sort is preferable when you are sorting certain records from a file as you can use the pointer array P for the record numbers so that 1 6 2 8 say If the indirect method is nec essary then a third array R is needed for the record numbers and after sorting they can be read in order as R P 1 R P 2 etc The indirect Shell DPM runs 6 slower and the indirect Quick sort 2 slower if an integer array P is used for the pointers But an integer ar ray will save 3 N bytes of memory and in string opera tions such as reading file before a string sort it will Save time by making garbage collection less frequent 2 QUICKSORT VS SHELL DPM The ideal situation for Quick sort is when the array is ran domly arranged and has few or no duplicates If you are sure the array is random you can speed up the sort 7 to 10 by eliminating the SWAP
72. video characters above 128 do not match the printer set This results a random Screen pattern Those com ponent of BUF corresponding to the channel edge are marked by a period Initialization of BUF is done by the sub routine INIZ starting at line 40242 CHR G bit OR ASC BUF tab BUFS tab 40246 Re compute buffer ASCII value 40248 40250 Nvar 1 Nvar 40252 TEST Nvar MOD ch lim IFNE 49290 40256 Exit if not last variable 40258 40260 Nrow 2 Nrow 40000 49262 TEST Nrow 6 IFMI 40290 40266 Exit if not last row 4Q268 The subroutine PLOT receives plot values along with chan nel scaling information Each data point is mapped into the 40272 FOR I FROM 1 TO 120 402972 PRINT TAB T BUFS I 43274 NEXT I Send to printer 40278 PEPPER OR fonction S 40280 CALL INIZ chart Re initialize buffer of logic will recognize that 20524 DELAY 100 Increase if printer slow the OR function leaves the bit 40290 RET cell unchanged when a zero is LARJE sent and places a one in the ZAT i 42298 ie ICI hee is ps 40300 HEHEHE ERE EEE EEE EERE EERE EA 9 1 L plotting curves on a point by 40302 4 END DATA RECORDER SUBROUTINES point basis Intersecting cur 40304 3E IE E 3E 3E 3E 4C 3E 3E MEC 3E JEDE EE IEEE IC ves will also print with this logic LISTING 2 The channel edges are marked by the peri
73. w files A Stands cannot used to to be merged merely load Revie are 65D or 650 is delete records from a file them one after the other The E Kreck s 426 20 out But having written a program limit on the number of fields with some structure the fix is set by X 2000 line is a hab amp eine of less is simple During EDIT mode 120 A check for this limit Prog mark the field of the record is required add this line then 4 minutes on a dictionary of 1945 five letter words and finds solutions no matter what letter values are given in the 500 plus range out benchmark me your system and code must produce the same Solution faster Also if you find a higher solution than my to be deleted and then omit to save those fields when the 455 IF L X THEN 490 file is written back to disk EDIT Make these changes The EDIT block see this 550 GOSUB 5370 DISK OPEN 6 FI month s listing makes exten FOR 1 L IF D C z d sive use of the cursor addres A i sing commands of DOS 3 3 The algorithm missed then you win THEN 260 print at command in line 880 at any speed 555 PRINT 6 D C moves the cursor to the posi Anyone wishing a co of the tion at which the message in dictionary disk file and can 560 NEXT C DISK CLOSE 6 line 810 will be printed GOSUB5378 line 838 the 15 command PEEK 65 September 1985 11 will blank the line from
74. wiring changes are needed around the IG shunt as done in the MF mod but the actual shunt arrangement is different as shown below Also the activity light wir ing is changed as in the MF mod on both drives SEE SCHEMATIC ON PAGE 22 OK what have we done The modification around the 1G shunt area disconnects pin 4 from the IN USE line which After removing 1 5G perform two track cuts Solder in 1C again Top of board Under Board Below 1 5G Suy 4 INVENTORY SALE OUR STOCK ROOM 15 OVERFLOWING FILL YOUR LIBRARY WITH MISSING MANUALS FOR LESS THAN 1 2 PRICE All starred items are at 1 2 the marked price Foreign orders by VISA MASTER CHOICE only plus postage Orders can not be sent ito P O Box addresses GOODIES for OSI Users PEEK 65 The Unofficial OSI Users Journal 347 Owings Mills Md 21117 301 363 3268 Sams Photo Facts Manual Complete schematics scope waveforms and board photos All you need to be a C1P or SII Wizard just 7958 1 1 C4P Sams Photo Facts Manual includes pinouts photos schematics for the 502 505 527 540 and 542 boards A bargain at 15 00 C C2 C3 Sams Photo Facts Manual The facts you need to repair the larger OSI computers Fat with 30 00 ____ 1 useful information but just OSI sSmall Systems Journals The complete set July 1977 through

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