BrightEye 76 Manual 2.1
Contents
1. Noted as B Y and R Y these two signals describe how a particular pixel differs from being purely black and white These channels typically have only half the bandwidth of the luminance Decibel dB The decibel is a unit of measure used to express the ratio in the amplitude or power of two signals A difference of 20 dB corresponds to a 10 1 ratio between two signals 6 dB is approximately a 2 1 ration Decibels add while the ratios multiply so 26 dB is a 20 1 ratio and 14 dB is a 5 1 ratio There are several special cases of the dB scale where the reference is implied Thus dBm refers to power relative to 1 milliwatt and dBu refers to voltage relative to 775V RMS The original unit of measure was the Bel 10 times bigger named after Alexander Graham Bell BrightEye 76 Page 21 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output dBFS In Digital Audio systems the largest numerical value that can be represented is referred to as Full Scale No values or audio levels greater than FS can be repro duced because they would be clipped The nominal operating point roughly corre sponding to 0 VU must be set below FS in order to have headroom for audio peaks This operating point is described relative to FS so a digital reference level of 20 dBFS has 20 dB of headroom before hitting the FS clipping point EDH Error Detection and Handling is a method to verify proper reception of an SDI or HD SDI signa2. Pr gt BrightEye 76 Ref In BrightEye 76 Signal Ingest Application for HD Signals BrightEye 76 Page 4 BrightEye 76 REAR CONNECTORS All connections to the BrightEye 76 converter are made on the rear of the unit Refer to the illustration below HDD Optical Out BrightEye 76 Rear Connectors Power Connection Connect a modular power supply to the 12 volt DC power input connection on the far left Use the locking ring to secure it USB Connector The USB connector is used to provide more comprehensive control diagnostics and upgrades to the converter from a personal computer Use the BrightEye PC or Mac application included on CD ROM to make adjustments as described in the OPERATION section of this user guide Audio In This 6 pin Phoenix connector provides two channels of analog audio input Wiring is done by inserting the connector provided with the unit The pinouts are shown in the diagram below Audio Input Connector Ch 1 Ch2 Push in to release r en ood To connect audio to this connector strip the audio wire to about 3 8 8 mm Solder tinning is not required Push the wire into the opening at the bottom of the connector to seat the connection This will snap the wire into place To remove the wire push in the pin above the connection with a small pointed tool This will release the wire from the connector Balanced Analog Audio Connection to
3. The currently selected video input format illuminates green TBC Illuminates green when the TBC is enabled Vid Gain Illuminates green when gain is set to its nominal or unity setting or red when set to other than unity BrightEye 76 Page 7 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output NOTE Gain Illuminates green when gain is set to its nominal or unity setting or red when set to other than unity VU Illuminates green when gain is set to unity red when set to other than unity or yellow when gain exceeds 0 VU 20dBFS Pwr Power Illuminates green when power is applied to the converter ADJUSTING PARAMETERS FROM THE FRONT PANEL Use the Mode Right Arrow and Left Arrow buttons to select and adjust parameters from the front panel Pressing the Mode button activates the front panel for editing and tabs between each section of editable parameters Pressing the Right Arrow or Left Arrow advances the selection within a given section of parameters or increases Right Arrow or decreases Left Arrow the value of a selected parameter The LED of an edited parameter will blink for 15 seconds after which time its value is stored in memory If power is interrupted before this 15 second timeout period has elapsed the edited state will not be not saved The controls and their indicators are described below Source Select Selects the video input source format from the following choices
4. Cpst NTSC or PAL Analog Composite Video Y C S Video Composite Video RGB Component Video in RGB format SMPTE Component Video in SMPTE format Beta Component Video in Beta format Bars Internal Color Bar Generator TBC This control turns the TBC Frame Sync function on or off when an external reference is present on the Ref In BNC Use the left arrow to turn it off use the right arrow to turn it on The TBC indicator illuminates green when on Vid Gain This control adjusts the gain of the analog video signals of the converter The right arrow increases the gain the left arrow decreases it The Vid Gain indicator illuminates green when the gain is set to its nominal or unity setting BrightEye 76 Page 8 D BrightEye 76 Setting Vid Gain to unity ensures correct analog output levels from an analog input source that is at proper level itself The Vid Gain indicator illuminates red if the control is adjusted higher or lower than its nominal setting To reset gain to its nominal setting green press both arrows simultaneously Audio Output level and the status of audio channels 1 and 2 are indicated by the state the VU and Gain indicators VU This indicator illuminates red when the audio level exceeds the headroom level set with the Peak Indicator control in BrightEye PC or Mac Additionally the VU indicator illuminates yellow when the output is above 0 VU and illuminates green when the output is above
5. Difference Y Pr Pb and RGB It was far too unwieldy in the early days of color television to even consider component transmission Composite Composite television dates back to the early days of color transmission This scheme encodes the color difference information onto a color subcarrier The instantaneous phase of the subcarrier is the color s hue and the amplitude is the color s saturation or intensity This subcarrier is then added onto the existing luminance video signal This trick works because the subcarrier is set at a high enough frequency to leave spectrum for the luminance information But it is not a seamless matter to pull the signal apart again at the destination in order to display it or process it The resultant artifacts of dot crawl also referred to as chroma crawl are only the most obvious result Composite television is the most commonly used format throughout the world either as PAL or NTSC It is also referred to as Encoded video Color Difference Color Difference systems take advantage of the details of human vision We have more acuity in our black and white vision than we do in color This means that we need only the luminance information to be carried at full bandwidth we can scrimp on the color channels In order to do this RGB information is converted to carry all of the luminance Y is the black and white of the scene in a single channel The other two channels are used to carry the color difference
6. Page 12 BrightEye 76 Timing Menu Use the Timing Menu to set the parameters of the TBC and Frame Sync functions The timing function operates in one of three modes 1 When the Frame Sync control is turned On and a proper reference signal is connected to the Ref In BNC the video output of the unit is synchronous and locked to the external reference The output may be timed with respect to the Ref In using the timing controls In this case the unit will accept asynchronous video and time base errors will be corrected When the Frame Sync control is turned On and no reference signal is connected the unit acts as a time base corrector only The output is not syn chronous to any reference including the input This mode allows a noisy input signal to be time base corrected for a clean stable output When the Frame Sync control is turned Off any reference signal to the Ref In BNC is ignored The video input is synchronous to the video output when a nearly perfect clean video input signal is present no time base cor rection required The following timing control is available when the Frame Sync function is On Timing adjust the vertical and horizontal timing of the signal with respect to the reference input Click the Default button to return to the default value Use the following control to enable the Frame Sync function Frame Sync set the Frame Sync function to On to genlock to the reference input to the module
7. Phase measures the relative phase between the leading edge of sync on line 1 of field 1 and a continuous subcarrier sinewave Due to the arithmetic details of both PAL and NTSC this relationship is not the same at the beginning of each frame In PAL the pattern repeats ever 4 frames 8 fields which is also known as the Bruch Blanking sequence In NTSC the repeat is every 2 frames 4 fields This creates enormous headaches in editing systems and the system timing of analog composite facilities SDI Serial Digital Interface This term refers to inputs and outputs of devices that support serial digital component video This generally means standard definition at 270 Mb s The use of HD SDI is beginning to appear to indicate High Definition Serial Digital video at 1 485 Gb s SMPTE The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a professional organi zation which has done tremendous work in setting standards for both the film and television industries The term SMPTE is also shorthand for one particular component video format luminance and color difference Singlemode A Singlemode or monomode optical fiber carries an optical signal on a very small diameter 9 micron core surrounded with cladding The small diameter means that no internally reflected lightwaves will be propagated Thus only the original mode of the signal passes down the fiber A singlemode fiber used in an optical SDI system can carry a sig
8. composite Y input SD only RGB G input Ref In This BNC accepts an analog composite video signal which is used as the genlock and timing reference for the internal TBC Frame Synchronizer Typically the reference signal is Color Black or Color Bars fed from a master sync generator such as the BrightEye 55 BrightEye 76 Page 6 BrightEye 76 OPERATION Control and operation of the BrightEye 76 unit is performed from the front panel or remotely from a networked PC with the BrightEye PC or Mac Control application NOTE Some control settings are only available with BrightEye PC or Mac These parameters cannot be monitored or controlled from the front panel Front Panel Controls and Indicators The front panel of the converter shown below provides status and control indica tors for the module alog to Optical SDI Converter with TBC FS ENSEMBLE DESIGNS A BrightEye 76 Front Panel STATUS INDICATORS The following status indicators are provided on the front panel In Illuminates green when a valid analog video signal in the currently selected format is detected on the corresponding BNC connector Ref Reference Illuminates green when a valid NTSC or PAL reference is detected on the rear panel Ref In BNC connector Laser Illuminates green when an optical signal is detected on the HD SD Optical Out connector Illuminates red if a failure is detected on the optical output Source Select
9. digital transition Although the signal may be at the correct frequency on average in the interim it varies Some bits come slightly early other come slightly late The measurement of this jitter is given either as the amount of time uncertainty or as the fraction of a bit width For 270 Mb s video the allowable jitter is 740 picoseconds or 0 2 UI Unit Interval one bit width Luminance The black amp white content of the image Human vision had more acuity in luminance so television systems generally devote more bandwidth to the luminance content In component systems the luminance is referred to as Y BrightEye 76 Page 23 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output Multimode Multimode fibers have a larger diameter core either 50 or 62 5 microns and a correspondingly larger aperture It is much easier to couple light energy into a multimode fiber but internal reflections will cause multiple modes of the signal to propagate down the fiber This will degrade the ability of the fiber to be used over long distances See also Singlemode NTSC The color television encoding system used in North America was originally defined by the National Television Standards Committee This American standard has also been adopted by Canada Mexico Japan Korea and Taiwan This standard is referred to disparagingly as Never Twice Same Color Optical An optical interface between two devices car
10. of adjustment to match your BE75 to a particular source if needed Use the Trim menu to fine tune the color parameters of the output signal up or down positive or negative The values shown below are typical though each BE76 may vary e When input is Cpst adjust Composite Trim and Saturation Trim from 100 to 100 e When input is Y C adjust Composite Trim and Saturation Trim from 100 to 100 e When input is RGB adjust CAV Y C Trim CAV Cr R Trim and CAV Cb B Trim from 100 to 100 e When input is SMPTE adjust CAV Y C Trim CAV Cr R Trim and CAV Cb B Trim from 100 to 100 e When input is BETA adjust CAV Y C Trim CAV Cr R Trim and CAV Cb B Trim from 100 to 100 Input Proc Mixer Timing Config Trim Composite Trim Saturation Trim CAV Y G Trim CAV Cr R Trim CAV Cb B Trim a a 45 45 39 BrightEye 76 Page 15 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE Warranty Ensemble Designs Inc warrants this product to be free from defect in material and workmanship for a period of 5 years from the date of delivery During this 5 year warranty period Ensemble Designs Inc will repair any defective units at Ensemble s expense if the unit should be determined to be defective after con sultation with a factory technician This warranty is not transferable Any implied warranties expire at the expiration date of this warranty This warranty
11. or to Off for no Frame Sync Input Proc Mixer Timing Config Trim Timing _ Default ter 1 lines Frame Sync On H BrightEye 76 Page 13 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output Config Menu Use the Config menu to set the following output conditions for the output signal Signal Mute select the condition for muting the output signal to No Muting Mute On Noise or Freeze on Noise e Analog Setup set to On if setup is present on the analog input or Off if no setup is present e V Blanking set the vertical blanking to Narrow NTSC lines 1 9 PAL lines 1 6 or Wide NTSC lines 1 20 PAL lines 1 22 e Comb Mode set the comb filtering to Comb On or Comb Off e Peak Indicator selects the amount of headroom used in determining peak indication Chose Clipping 2 dB Headroom 4 dB Headroom 6 dB Headroom 8 dB Headroom or 10 dB Headroom e Dig Ref Level selects the digital reference output level Choose 20 dBFS or 18 dBFS Anlg Ref Level selects the analog audio input level for embedding Choose 10 dBu or 4 dBu Input Proc Mixer j Timing Eonfig Trim Signal Mute Analog Setup Mute on Noise H off B V Blanking Comb Mode Narrow B Comb Off HH Peak Indicator Dig Ref Level Anlg Ref Level 6dB Headroom 20dBFS Wed 4 dBu 34 BrightEye 76 Page 14 BrightEye 76 Trim Menu The Trim menu provides an advanced level
12. than 30 images per second This is accom plished in television systems by dividing the lines that make up each video frame which run at 25 or 30 frames per second into two fields All of the odd numbered lines are transmitted in the first field the even numbered lines are in the second field In this way the repetition rate is 50 or 60 Hz without using more bandwidth This trick has worked well for years bit it introduces other temporal artifacts Motion pictures use a slightly different technique to raise the repetition rate from the original 24 frames that make up each second of film they just project each one twice IRE Video level is measured on the IRE scale where 0 IRE is black and 100 IRE is full white The actual voltages that these levels correspond to can vary between formats ITU R 601 This is the principal standard for standard definition component digital video It defines the luminance and color difference coding system that is also referred to as 4 2 2 The standard applies to both PAL and NTSC derived signals They both will result in an image that contains 720 pixels horizontally with 486 vertical pixels in NTSC and 576 vertically in PAL Both systems use a sample clock rate of 27 Mhz and are serialized at 270 Mb s Jitter Serial digital signals either video or audio are subject to the effects of jitter This refers to the instantaneous error that can occur from one bit to the next in the exact position each
13. 20 VU When the output level is below 20 VU the indicator does not illuminate Gain This indicator Illuminates green when output gain is set to its nominal or unity value It illuminates red when gain is set to other than unity BrightEye 76 Page 9 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output USING THE BRIGHTEYE CONTROL APPLICATION The BrightEye PC and BrightEye Mac applications included on CD ROM are designed to allow you to configure and control the BrightEye 76 from a personal computer Installation and instructions for using this software application are given in the PDF manual on disk If the BrightEye 76 is connected to a computer running this software the following menus are available for controlling and monitoring the unit Input Menu Input Pres indicates the status of the video input No Input SD 525 SD 625 HD 525 or HD 625 Input Sel select the type of input signal to the unit from the pulldown as Composite Y C RGB SMPTE Beta or Bars e Analog Setup set to On if setup is present on the analog input or Off if no setup is present Ref Status indicates the status of a reference video presence No Reference or Ref Present e Laser Status indicates the presence of a valid optical signal on the HD SD Optical Out connector Laser OK Laser Fail or Reset Input Proc Mixer Timing Config Trim Input Pres Input Sel Analog Setup SD 525 RGB
14. D or SD As shown in the functional block diagram below analog video is converted at 14 bits of resolution and digitally decoded to YCrCb components The signal is then time base corrected and frame synchronized to the reference input Proc amp adjustments are provided for the converted video The audio is converted to digital then passed through the built in 2 channel mixer with shuffle and level control The video and audio signals are joined in the embedder This embedded signal passes through a serializer to an optical SDI output on the rear of the unit BrightEye 76 is powered by a 12 volt DC universal power supply This power supply can accept an input voltage between 90 and 230 volts at 50 or 60 Hertz It uses a standard IEC line cord and can be used anywhere in the world It is normal for the converter to be quite warm to the touch when operating Pr RIn 14 bit HD or SD SDI Optical Out l Follows Input AtoD C Pb B In Korg a Embedder Serializer Decoder Cpst Y G In Reference In Ap 2 Channel AtoD Mixer Shuffler 2 Channel Analog Audio In Analog SD In Yields SD SDI Out Analog HD In Yields HD SDI Out BrightEye 76 Functional Block Diagram Potrait View BrightEye 76 Page 2 BrightEye 76 a N gt 4 lt N IA ededspue7 weibeig y5olg Ieuonjsund 97 31uBuig INO IGS GH spI A ul qH Boje
15. F RP211 14 15 16 23 98 24 25 Hz Reference Input Number One Type 1 V P P Composite Video PAL or NTSC or Tri Level Sync Impedance 75 Q Return Loss gt 40 dB General Specifications Size 5 625 W x 0 8 H x 5 5 D 143 mm x 20 mm x 140 mm including connectors Power 12 volts 6 watts 100 230 VAC modular power supply not included Temperature Range 0 to 40 C ambient Relative Humidity 0 to 95 non condensing Due to ongoing product development all specifications subject to change BrightEye 76 Page 18 BrightEye 76 BRIGHTEYE POWER SUPPLY INFORMATION Below is a list of power supplies and optional items that may have come with your BrightEye BEPS BEPS RP BEPS6 BERKMT BEBP BEBPD 5082 1 BEAC PHX15 BrightEye Individual Power Supply Redundant Power Supply for Individual and Spider Power Supply Spider Power Supply powers 6 single high BrightEyes or 3 double high BrightEyes BrightEye Rack Mount holds 3 to 6 BrightEyes 1RU high 6 152 4 mm deep 3 lbs 1 4 kg BrightEye Blank Panel single high for empty slots in Rack Mount BrightEye Blank Panel double high for empty slots in Rack Mount 1 Port AES 110 Ohm Adapter Analog Audio Breakout Cable with Pigtail End Breakout Adapter with Phoenix Terminals BrightEye 76 Page 19 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output GLOSSARY This is a brief glossary of commonly used terms associa
16. Q Off Ref Status Ref 525 Lock Laser Status Laser OK BrightEye 76 Page 10 BrightEye 76 Proc Menu Use the Proc Menu to adjust the parameters of the analog video input signal The Proc menu provides the following video adjustments e Gain adjust the overall gain of the signal from 0 to 150 e Chroma adjust the chroma gain of the signal from 0 to 150 e Pedestal adjust the pedestal level of the signal 5 IRE e Hue adjust the hue of the signal 180 degrees To set a value for any of these parameters adjust the slider click the right or left Arrow button or type a value into the appropriate field To set a parameter to its nominal setting click the Default button Input Proe Mixer Timing Config Trim Gain _ Default om 100 x gt Chroma _ Default 100 a gt R Pedestal Default lt s adkasamas th O IRE Hue re A Rael I a Default e 0 degrees I BrightEye 76 Page 11 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output Mixer Menu Use the Mixer Menu to adjust the parameters of the embedded audio input signal Output 1 provides peak VU status for output channel 1 The Peak VU indicator illuminates red when the audio level exceeds the headroom level set with the Peak Indicator control in the Config menu Additionally the indicator illuminates yellow when the output level exceeds 0 VU or il
17. T BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Video Converter with Optical Output User Guide ENSEMBLE D E S G N S Revision 2 1 SW v1 0 7 This user guide provides detailed information for using the BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Video Converter and Analog Audio Embedder with Optical Output The information is organized into the following sections Product Overview Functional Description Applications Rear Connectors Operation Front Panel Controls and Indicators e Using the BrightEye Control Application e Warranty and Factory Service e Specifications Glossary BrightEye 76 Page 1 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output PRODUCT OVERVIEW BrightEye 76 converts standard definition analog component or composite video or high definition analog component video to SDI on an optical output with simul taneous conversion of two channels of audio and embedding A TBC Frame Sync is a standard feature and allows the BrightEye to work with any type of video input BrightEye 76 is versatile enough to handle applications from broadcasting to desktop video with sources such as VTRs and incoming satellite feeds Basic controls are accessed on the front panel The BrightEye PC and Mac Control applications provide access to video proc functions input and output and built in audio mixer controls that are not available from the front panel FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Analog H
18. connect the audio input to an audio XLR connector connect the pins as follows Attach Ground from Pin 1 of the Audio In to Pin 1 of the XLR Attach the plus signal from Pin 3 of the Audio In to Pin 2 of the XLR Attach the minus signal from Pin 2 of the Audio In to Pin 3 of the XLR BrightEye 76 Page 5 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output Unbalanced Audio to a RCA Phono Connection to connect the BrightEye 76 audio input to a consumer audio connector such as an RCA phono jack connect the pins as follows e Attach Ground from Pin 1 of the Audio In to the shell Shield or Ground of the RCA Phono jack e Attach the plus signal from Pin 3 of the Audio In to the center pin of the RCA Phono jack e Attach the minus signal from Pin 2 of the Audio In to the shell Shield or Ground of the RCA Phono jack Input Output BNCs There are five rear BNC connectors used as inputs and outputs as follows HD SD Optical Out This SC connector outputs an SDI video signal with embedded audio Pr R In This BNC accepts the following signal formats Beta or SMPTE Pr Y R input RGB R input C Pb B In This BNC accepts the following signal formats e S Video composite C input SD only Beta or SMPTE Pb input RGB B input Cpst Y G In This BNC accepts the following signal formats Composite Cpst analog composite input SD only e S Video
19. d out to be very useful for the transmission of additional content such as teletext and embedded audio CAV Component Analog Video This is a convenient shorthand form but it is subject to confusion It is sometimes used to mean ONLY color difference component formats SMPTE or Beta and other times to include RGB format In any case a CAV signal will always require 3 connectors either Y R Y B Y or R G B Checkfield A Checkfield signal is a special test signal that stresses particular aspects of serial digital transmission The performance of the Phase Locked Loops PLLs in an SDI receiver must be able to tolerate long runs of 0 s and 1 s Under normal conditions only very short runs of these are produced due to a scrambling algorithm that is used The Checkfield also referred to as the Pathological test signal will undo the scrambling and cause extremely long runs to occur This test signal is very useful for testing transmission paths BrightEye 76 Page 20 BrightEye 76 Chroma The color or chroma content of a signal consisting of the hue and saturation of the image See also Color Difference Component In a component video system the totality of the image is carried by three separate but related components This method provides the best image fidelity with the fewest artifacts but it requires three independent transmission paths cables The commonly used component formats are Luminance and Color
20. does not cover a defect that has resulted from improper or unreasonable use or maintenance as determined by us This warranty is void if there is any attempt to dissemble or adjust factory set presets without factory authorization Factory Service If you require service under warranty or not please contact Ensemble Designs and ask for Customer Service before you return the unit This will allow the service technician to provide any other suggestions for identifying the problem and recommend possible solutions You may also refer to the technical support section of the Ensemble web site for the latest information on your equipment at the URL below http www ensembledesigns com support If you return equipment for repair please get a Return Material Authorization Number RMA from the factory first Ship the product and a written description of the problem to Ensemble Designs Inc Attention Customer Service RMA 870 Gold Flat Rd Nevada City CA 95959 USA 530 478 1830 Fax 530 478 1832 service ensembledesigns com http www ensembledesigns com Be sure to put your RMA number on the outside of the box BrightEye 76 Page 16 SPECIFICATIONS Analog Video Input Number Signal Type Impedance Return Loss Input DC Input Hum Analog Audio Inputs Number Type Impedance Maximum Input Level CMRR Quantization Sample Rate Reference Level Frequency Response Crosstalk Dynamic Range Optical Output Nu
21. ference As a result the timing or alignment of the video frame can be adjusted so that the scan of the upper left corner of the image is happening simultaneously on all sources This is a requirement for both analog and digital systems in order to perform video effects or switch glitch free in a router Frame synchronization can only be performed within a single television line standard A synchronizer will not convert an NTSC signal to a PAL signal it takes a standards converter to do that Frequency Response A measurement of the accuracy of a system to carry or reproduce a range of signal frequencies Similar to Bandwidth BrightEye 76 Page 22 BrightEye 76 IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission provides a wide range of worldwide standards They have provided standardization of the AC power con nection to products by means of an IEC line cord The connection point uses three flat contact blades in a triangular arrangement set in a rectangular connector The IEC specification does not dictate line voltage or frequency Therefore the user must take care to verify that a device either has a universal input capable of 90 to 230 volts either 50 or 60 Hz or that a line voltage switch if present is set correctly Interlace Human vision can be fooled to see motion by presenting a series of images each with a small change relative to the previous image In order to eliminate the flicker our eyes need to see more
22. g sync reference signal that is used in High Definition systems Tri Level Sync is constructed with three signal levels the sync pulses extend above and below a mid level average voltage the blanking level Unlike conventional analog sync which is bi level the proper 50 pickoff point is already identified in Tri Level Sync This contributes to lower jitter in digital systems Strictly speaking YUV does not apply to component video The letters refer to the Luminance Y and the U and V encoding axes using in the PAL composite system Since the U axis is very close to the B Y axis and the V axis is very close to the R Y axis YUV is often used as a sort of shorthand for the more long winded Y R Y B Y Y Cr Cb In digital component video the luminance component is Y and the two color dif ference signals are Cr R Y and Ob B Y Y Pr Pb In analog component video the image is carried in three components The luminance is Y the R Y color difference signal is Pr and the B Y color difference signal is Pb BrightEye 76 Page 26
23. ineers at the BBC claim that it stands for Perfection At Last Progressive An image scanning technique which progresses through all of the lines in a frame in a single pass Computer monitors all use progressive displays This contrasts to the interlace technique common to television systems BrightEye 76 Page 24 BrightEye 76 Return Loss An idealized input or output circuit will exactly match its desired impedance generally 75 ohms as a purely resistive element with no reactive capacitive or inductive elements In the real world we can only approach the ideal So our real inputs and outputs will have some capacitance and inductance This will create impedance matching errors especially at higher frequencies The Return Loss of an input or output measures how much energy is returned reflected back due to the impedance mismatch For digital circuits a return loss of 15 dB is typical This means that the energy returned is 15 dB less than the original signal In analog circuits a 40 dB figure is expected RGB RGB systems carry the totality of the picture information as independent Red Green and Blue signals Television is an additive color system where all three components add to produce white Because the luminance or detail information is carried partially in each of the RGB channels all three must be carried at full bandwidth in order to faithfully reproduce an image ScH Phase Used in composite systems ScH
24. l at the destination The originating device inserts a data packet in the vertical interval of the SDI signal and every line of the HD signal which contains a checksum of the entire video frame This checksum is formed by adding up the numerical values of all of the samples in the frame using a complex formula At the destination this same formula is applied to the incoming video and the resulting value is compared to the one included in the transmis sion If they match then the content has all arrived with no errors If they don t then an error has occurred Embedded Audio Digital Audio can be carried along in the same bitstream as an SDI or HD SDI signal by taking advantage of the gaps in the transmission which correspond to the horizontal and vertical intervals of the television waveform This technique an be very cost effective in transmission and routing but can also add complexity to signal handling issues because the audio content can no longer be treated inde pendently of the video Frame Sync A Frame Synchronizer is used to synchronize the timing of a video signal to coincide with a timing reference usually a color black signal that is distributed throughout a facility The synchronizer accomplishes this by writing the incoming video into a frame buffer memory under the timing direction of the sync information contained in that video Simultaneously the memory is being read back by a timing system that is genlocked to a house re
25. lumi nates green when the output is above 20 VU When the output level is below 20 VU the indicator does not illuminate Output 2 provides peak VU status output channel 2 The Peak VU indicator illuminates red when the audio level exceeds the headroom level set with the Peak Indicator control in the Config menu Additionally the indicator illuminates yellow when the output level exceeds 0 VU or illumi nates green when the output is above 20 VU When the output level is below 20 VU the indicator does not illuminate Input Ch 1 assign Input Channel 1 to the desired output bus or tie it to Channel 2 Set the input level using the slider or by entering a number in the dB field and pressing the Enter key on your PC Input Ch 2 assign Input Channel 2 to the desired output bus or tie it to Channel 1 Set the input level using the slider or by entering a number in the dB field and pressing the Enter key on your PC Clicking Tie on either channel ties the two slider controls together so that their output levels can be adjusted in tandem Click the Default button to return to the default value Click the Invert button to invert the phase of the audio content Input Proc Mixer Timing Config Trim Output 1 Output 2 Peak VU Q Peak VU Q Input Ch 1 Input Ch 2 a a 6 1 08 6 1 h Output Bus Output Bus Ch Assign Ch Assign Chl Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 2 Ch 4 Ch 4 Tie Tie Default Invert Default Invert BrightEye 76
26. mber Type Wavelength Power Max Cable Length Fiber Type Connector BrightEye 76 One HD or SD Y Pr Pb SMPTE or Beta levels HD or SD Analog Component RGB sync on green Analog Composite PAL or NTSC Analog S Video PAL or NTSC 75 Q gt 40 dB 1 volt DC lt 100 mV Two Balanced gt 15K Q 24 dBu gt 60 dB 20 Hz to 10 kHz 24 bits 128x oversampled 48 kHz 10 dBu or 4 dBu 0 1 dB 20 Hz to 20 kHz lt 106 dB gt 106 dB One SD and ASI SMPTE 297M optical equivalent of 259M HD SMPTE 274M 292M or 296M 1310 nm non CWDM 1550 non CWDM by special order 7 dBm 20 km For greater distances or higher power and larger loss budgets please contact the factory Single Mode Multi mode compatible with 8 dB attenuation at transmit end SC Analog Video to SDI Performance Bit Resolution Decoding K Factors Signal to Noise Freq Response 14 bit input quantization 4x oversampling Fully adaptive comb filter gt 1 gt 64 dB weighted 0 1 dB 0 to 5 5 MHz in SD 0 1 dB 0 to 12 MHz 0 5 dB 12 to 30 MHz in HD BrightEye 76 Page 17 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output Embedded Output In Optical Output Group Assign One of four groups Channels Two Bit Depth 24 Bit HD Standards Support 1080 SMPTE 274M 4 5 6 50 59 94 or 60 Hz 720p SMPTE 296M 1 2 3 50 59 94 or 60 Hz 1080p SMPTE 274M 9 10 11 23 98 24 25 Hz 1080s
27. nal for up to 20 kilometers Singlemode fibers require particular care in their installation due to the extremely small optical aperture that they present at splice and connection points See also Multimode BrightEye 76 Page 25 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output TBC A Time Base Corrector is a system to reduce the Time Base Error in a signal to acceptable levels It accomplishes this by using a FIFO First In First Out memory The incoming video is written into the memory using its own jittery timing This operation is closely associated with the actual digitization of the analog signal because the varying position of the sync timing must be mimicked by the sampling function of the analog to digital converter A second timing system genlocked to a stable reference is used to read the video back out of the memory The memory acts as a dynamically adjusting delay to smooth out the imperfections in the original signal s timing Very often a TBC will also function as a Frame Synchronizer See also Frame Sync Time Base Error Time base error is present when there is excessive jitter or uncertainty in the line to line output timing of a video signal This is commonly associated with playback from video tape recorders and is particularly severe with consumer type hetero dyne systems like VHS Time base error will render a signal unusable for broadcast or editing purposes Tri Level Sync An analo
28. ries data by modulating a light source This light source is typically a laser or laser diode similar to an LED which is turned on and off at the bitrate of the datastream The light is carried from one device to another through a glass fiber The fiber s core acts as a waveguide or lightpipe to carry the light energy from one end to another Optical transmission has two very significant advantages over metallic copper cables Firstly it does not require that the two endpoint devices have any electrical con nection to each other This can be very advantageous in large facilities where problems with ground loops appear And secondly and most importantly an optical interface can carry a signal for many kilometers or miles without any degradation or loss in the recovered signal Copper is barely useful at distances of just 1000 feet Oversampling A technique to perform digital sampling at a multiple of the required sample rate This has the advantage of raising the Nyquist Rate the maximum frequency which can be reproduced by a given sample rate much higher than the desired passband this allows more easily realized anti aliasing filters PAL During the early days of color television in North America European broadcast ers developed a competing system called Phase Alternation by Line This slightly more complex system is better able to withstand the differential gain and phase errors that appear in amplifiers and transmission systems Eng
29. ted with this product AES EBU The digital audio standard defined as a joint effort of the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcast Union AES EBU or AES8 describes a serial bitstream that carries two audio channels thus an AES stream is a stereo pair The AES EBU standard covers a wide range of sample rates and quantizations bit depths In television systems these will generally be 48 kHz and either 20 or 24 bits Bandwidth Strictly speaking this refers to the range of frequencies i e the width of the band of frequency used by a signal or carried by a transmission channel Generally wider bandwidth will carry and reproduce a signal with greater fidelity and accuracy Beta Sony Beta SP video tape machines use an analog component format that is similar to SMPTE but differs in the amplitude of the color difference signals It may also carry setup on the luminance channel Blanking The Horizontal and Vertical blanking intervals of a television signal refer to the time periods between lines and between fields No picture information is trans mitted during these times which are required in CRT displays to allow the electron beam to be repositioned for the start of the next line or field They are also used to carry synchronizing pulses which are used in transmission and recovery of the image Although some of these needs are disappearing the intervals themselves are retained for compatibility purposes They have turne
30. uy INO ICS GS sp A ul GS Hojeuy uj olpny Bo euv jauueYD Z 6 u 3u J J u CHD soars Japodaq du auks awel ue PEN sezyeues H ppaqwg H duy Ta ele RR uaan qoy uqyl A 1nO I 9ndO IAS AS 40 qH uyu as 10 qH Bojeuy indul smo o4 BrightEye 76 Page 3 BrightEye 76 HD SD Analog to Digital Converter With Optical Output APPLICATIONS The BrightEye 76 is well suited to applications using HD Cameras or other devices with analog I O The built in TBC Frame Synchronizer allows you to feed asynchronous or noisy signals to the BrightEye 76 These are then digitized and time base corrected by noise tolerant tracking circuitry The example below shows a three camera live remote setup Full bandwidth analog video from an HD camera is fed to a BrightEye 76 and converted to HD SDI digital video The signal is time base corrected and frame synchronized to the reference input The signal is then sent to a Remote Truck OB Van and output on fiber The analog audio from the cameras enters the BrightEye 76 two channel A to D converter Adjustments for audio mixing audio levels and channel shuffling can then be applied to the audio before it is embedded into the SDI output signal and fed to air Analog HD Video Ref In HD SDI i ee Remote Truck Optical HD SDI 25 Pr y BrightEye 76 HD SDI OB Van rt Pb gt HD SDI Ref In gt F
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