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Pololu USB AVR Programmer User`s Guide

1. Device info Devie Name AlMegal2oP Saeed 0 1 4 5 5 megai WA Wee Farmibhy Supported Tools AVR Dragon AVRISP mil r AVR OME JTAGICE E JTAGICE mkii i Simulaios Y 5TK500 a STECH The Device Selection dialog of Atmel Studio 6 3 Remove the template code that was automatically placed in BlinkLED c and replace it with the code below define F CPU 20000000 include lt avr io h gt include lt util delay h gt AVR clock frequency in Hz used by util delay h int main DDRD 1 lt lt DDD1 FF set LED pin PDL to output while 1 PORTD 1 lt lt PORTD1 drive PD1 high _ delay ms 100 delay 100 ms PORTD 1 lt lt PORTD1 drive PD1 low _ delay ms 900 delay 900 ms 9 Note The value of F_CPU should be the clock frequency of your AVR in units of Hz so if your AVR is not running at 20 MHz you will need to change that line If you do not make this change the timing Of delay ms will be off but the LED will still blink 4 Click the Build Solution button on the toolbar or press F7 to compile the code 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 14 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation fe i Fd IA UT A E E Soe OD Ads io aj Hi gt so A oe T He Oe i PA gt BlinkLEDe gt CABinkEDBinkLED e A al a Sdefine F_CPU 20000099 f ANR clock frequency in Hz e Solution BhnkLED 1 project include lt avr io h gt a Bin
2. Erasing device OK Programming Flash OK Verifying Flash OK Verifying Flash OK The Memories section of the Device Programming dialog in Atmel Studio 6 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 17 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation As your USB AVR Programmer programs the AVR you should see all three LEDs flicker and you should see the following text appear at the bottom of the window Erasing device OK Programming Flash OK Verifying Flash OK If there were no problems the LED connected to PD1 of your AVR should now be flashing Note that if you are trying this on a 3p1 robot and you have not yet soldered in the optional through hole LEDs the flashing LED will be on the bottom of the robot If there was a problem please see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help identifying and fixing it 3 b 1 Adding Devices to Atmel Studio 6 While the older AVR Studio 4 supports programming a large number of Hame Share ta different AVRs with E ddia tooks STESOO mml STK500 compatible programmers such as the Pololu USB AVR Programmer sir Favorites ATmegal28_stk500xml AT mega lGBP_sticS00 amI Atmel Studio 6 only supports ATmegal62_stks00 arm ATrega68PA_stk500 rl programming a small selection of A Libraries Atego A megaitlA esa AT mega lh stim AT 324P_stkS00Leml devices by default If you would like to a post Po ty RESET rae l i Homegroup ATmega ly xm megal y am
3. sp v Appiyl not read SS Read ATmega32 ss AlTmega324A Almega324P ATmegasZ4PA o Select tool device and interface ATmega43P The ATmega328P has been successfully added to the device selection box of Atmel Studio 6 3 b 2 Using Advanced Features of Atmel Studio 6 This section provides a brief overview of the features of Atmel Studio 6 s Device Programming dialog that were not covered in Section 3 b You will not typically need to use these advanced features but it is good to know about them for the rare occasions when you will need them Please see the Atmel Studio 6 documentation for more detailed descriptions of these features ISP Clock Frequency In the Device Programming dialog under Interface settings you can set the frequency of the clock used when programming the target device The higher the ISP frequency the faster the target AVR will be programmed but this frequency must be less than a quarter of the target AVR s clock frequency Click Read to read the frequency from the programmer and click Write to write the selected frequency to the programmer It is important to note that the actual frequency values displayed in Atmel Studio are not correct when you are using the Pololu USB AVR programmer See Section 3 e for a list of the actual frequencies and more information about selecting the ISP frequency 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 19 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporat
4. Advanced HW Settings HW Info Auto l Erase device before flash programming IW Verify device after programming Hash Use Current Simulator Emulator FLASH Memory Input HEX File C BlinkLED default Blink LED hex AVR Studio s Program ISP tab As your USB AVR programmer programs the AVR you should see all three LEDs flicker and you should see the following text appear at the bottom of the window Reading FLASH input file OK Setting mode and device parameters OK Entering programming mode OK Erasing device OK Programming FLASH OK Reading FLASH OK FLASH contents is equal to file OK Leaving programming mode OK If there were no problems the LED connected to PD1 of your AVR should now be flashing Note that if you are trying this on a 3pi robot and you have not yet soldered in the optional through hole LEDs the flashing LED will 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 28 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation be on the bottom of the robot If there was a problem please see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help identifying and fixing it 3 c 1 Using Advanced Features of AVR Studio 4 This section provides a brief overview of the programming features of AVR Studio 4 that were not covered in Section 3 c You will not typically need to use these advanced features but it is good to know about them for the rare occasions when you will need them Please s
5. EE BlinkLED default 3 Source Files 3 Header Files 2 Sy External Depends void delayms uinti _t millis Y 3 Other Files while millis _delay_m 1 millis int maini void DDRD 1 lt lt DDD1 while 1 4 PORTD 1 lt lt PORTDI delaymes 900 PORTO 1 lt lt PORTD1 delayme 100 return I E CABHnkLED MinkLED e ts BS Sad ire E Build Active Configuration F7 get LED pin PDI to output LED off delay 900 LED on delay 100 we Pp ATmegal AWA Simulator 4 Auta i i Ln 24 Col l a Building a project with AVR Studio 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 24 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 9 Note You will probably want to customize this program slightly 1f the clock frequency of your AVR is not 20 MHz F_CPU should be defined as the clock frequency of your AVR in units of Hz If you do not make this change the timing of delayms will be off but the LED will still blink 4 Make sure your USB AVR programmer is connected to your computer via its USB A to mini B cable and then click the Display the Connect Dialog button on the toolbar You can also accomplish this by going to the Tools menu and selecting Program AVR gt Connect e AVR Studio CABIinkLEDABlinkLED c File Project Build Edit View Jools De
6. THE ale 1 l ARE ELE al al al VBUS 5 PGMO3A Unb Be Es za S fa 7 a En Pololu Engage Your Grain 2009 Waw pololu com ga USB AVR programmer PGMO3A Orangutan USB programmer PGMO2A B If you have the original Orangutan USB programmer you can find it s user s guide here http www pololu com docs 0J6 Important Safety Warning and Handling Procedures The USB AVR programmer is not intended for young children Younger users should use this product only under adult supervision By using this product you agree not to hold Pololu liable for any injury or damage related to the use or to the performance of this product This product is not designed for and should not be used in applications where the malfunction of the product could cause injury or damage Please take note of these additional precautions e The USB AVR programmer contains lead so follow appropriate handling procedures such as washing hands after handling e Since the PCB and its components are exposed take standard precautions to protect your programmer from ESD electrostatic discharge such as first touching the surface the programmer is resting on before picking it up When handing the programmer to another person first touch their hand with your hand to equalize any charge imbalance between you so that you don t discharge through the programmer as the exchange is made 1 Overview Page 3 of 54 Pol
7. dev ttyACMO and dev ttyACM1 exist If they do not see the section below e Your computer will only let one program at a time have a given COM port open If you are connected to your programmer s programming port using another program such as a terminal or a second instance of Atmel Studio you will not be able to connect to that same COM port with your programming software Please make sure you do not have any terminal programs connected to your programmer s programming port If you have multiple versions of Atmel Studio running make sure that you have closed the ISP programming dialogs in all of them When the ISP dialog is open that instance of AVR Studio has an open connection to your programmer s programming port e If you are using AVR Studio 4 try connecting to your programmer s specific COM port instead of selecting the Auto option which attempts to locate the port automatically Some versions of AVR Studio 4 fail to automatically detect programmers on virtual COMs port that are too high e g above COM9 If your programming COM port is too high to select from the connection dialog box and AVR Studio 4 does not automatically detect the programmer you will need to reassign the programming port to a lower virtual COM port You can do this by opening the properties dialog of the Pololu USB AVR Programming Port found in the Ports COM amp LPT section of the Device Manager and clicking the Advanced button
8. to do this once Tools and Simulators Status Simulator Connected i K STK500 COM13 Program only Connected Next open the project properties window by opening the Project menu and selecting Properties In the Tool tab select STK500 as the debugger programmer and select ISP as the interface You will only have to do this once per project You can also set the ISP Clock speed here but please note that the frequencies displayed in Atmel Studio are not correct when you are using the Pololu USB AVR programmer see Section 3 e for the correspondence It 1s a good idea to set the frequency to something between 80 and 90 kHz which will result in 200 kHz on the Pololu AVR Programmer at first and to try increasing 1t later once F5 programming is working 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 21 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation BlinkLED lt Geers Build Build Events Toolchain Device selected debugger programmer Tool STK500 ts Interface ISP P rog ramming only Advanced ISP Clock S0 00kHz The ISP Clock frequency must be lower than 1 4 of frequency the device is operating on Programming settings Erase entire chip Label _ Preserve EEPROM Finally you should be able to press F5 to build your project and program the resulting HEX file onto your AVR Alternatively you can program by selecting either Continue or Start Without Debugging from the
9. 0000 Pololu SLO scope client for Windows Controls are available for setting the SLO scope operating mode adjusting the horizontal and vertical scales and configuring lines A and B as digital outputs To start capturing data click the Run button in the upper right corner If the horizontal scale is such that it takes more than 200 ms of data to fill the lower SLO scope pane the data will continuously stream across the pane If the lower pane displays 200 ms of data or less the pane will draw all of 1ts data at once when 1t has enough new data to warrant an update or if triggering is enabled when the trigger event is satisfied In this latter time domain you can enable the persistence feature check the Persistence checkbox to cause the data on the screen to fade out over time when the next update occurs The Length parameter determines how long it takes for the data to fade The upper SLO scope pane shows a summary of all of the data currently stored in memory This is approximately 10 seconds of data when running at 10 kHz and 5 seconds of data when running at 20 kHz To review the captured data in detail click the Stop button in the same place that the Run previously occupied When the SLO scope is stopped you can scroll through the data stored in memory by clicking on the portion of the upper pane that you want to inspect or by clicking and dragging the cursor in the lower pane to pan through the data more finely You can zoom in a
10. 176 636 _ Back Next gt gt Finish Cancel Help Creating a new AVR Studio 4 project step 1 2 Select AVR Simulator as the debug platform and then select the appropriate device for your target AVR For an Orangutan or 3pi Robot this will either be ATmega48 ATmegal68 ATmega328P ATmega324PA ATmega644P or ATmega1284P depending on which chip your Orangutan or 3pi Robot has Click Finish 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 23 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide Welcome to AVR Studio 4 Select debug platform and device Debug platform AVR Dragon AVA ONE AMA Simulator AWA Simulator 2 ICE 200 ICE 40 ICE50 JT AG ICE JTAGICE ml 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation AT megalb5 AT megal BoP AT megal bP AT megal baPA AT megal6d AT megal bor AT megal BA AT megal EHA AT megal M1 AT megal bl Open platform options next time debug mode is entered Ver 4 176 636 Creating a new AVR Studio 4 project step 2 3 Write your program in BlinkLED c as seen in the screen shot below and click the Build button on the toolbar or press F7 e AVR Studio C BlinkLED BlinkLED c ID fie project Build Edit Wew Tools Debug Window Help DS ia rer Tere AAA Trace Disabled OT oioi MES e F_CPU tells util delay h our of Crd Je Baby Orangutan Frequency 20MHz fdefine F_CPU 8000000UL define F_CPU 20000000UL finclude lt avrrio h gt finclude lt util delay h gt
11. Anyway Windows XP Would you like to install this device software Software metallation Hame Paki LA AR Programmer Dirrers Ea Pabbe Poly Compnenten The mirae pou ane mhairg has rol paced Windows Logo basing bo very ls coommpenibeltp wally Ardo SP Del ene try thig best ig importan O Aker trust sobre hera Pelaa Cepen ll Dona Irati Contirmang your installation of this collware may impar or destablkre th the comecl operabion of your spram either immediately of in the lube Microroll chongly recomeends that pou shop Ihis installation now and contact the solhat vendo fos sofware that haz passed Window Logo heating iF Yeu thea oriy mala deer software from publinhers you Brust Hess can decide cul you like bo metall tie device solar Plane Potodiy E to rrr Publi Pakau E at r clodu Corporation L Ar tract roban om Piste Corporate Shall Dont iriti GP Veer thowd onh naiai deever softwere from publthers pou tah How con decide nimh deke poftware y pede bo iia Windows 8 Windows 7 and Windows Vista users After the installation has finished your computer should automatically install the necessary drivers when you connect a Pololu USB AVR programmer in which case no further action from you 1s required Windows XP users After the installation has finished follow steps 3 7 for each new Pololu USB AVR programmer you connect to your computer 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 8 of 54 Pololu USB AV
12. Linux The driver for the bootloader will automatically be installed and you can proceed to the next step o Windows XP When the Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed follow steps 4 6 in Section 3 a to get the driver working 5 Once the bootloader s drivers are properly installed the green LED should be blinking in a double heart beat pattern and there should be an entry for the bootloader in the Ports COM amp LPT list of your computer s Device Manager in Windows 6 Use a terminal program such as Br y Terminal http sites google com site terminalbpp to connect to the bootloader s virtual serial port In Windows you can determine the port name of the bootloader e g COMS5 by looking in the Device Manager In Linux you can determine the port name e g dev ttyAcm0 by running dmesg You can use any baud rate 7 Type the following lower case letters into your terminal program to send them to the bootloader fwbootload After each letter 1s sent the bootloader should echo back the upper case version of that letter After you have finished typing this sequence you should see FWBOOTLOAD as the output from the bootloader in your terminal program and the programmer s yellow LED should be on c6_ 99 8 Now send lower case s The bootloader will spend a few seconds erasing the current firmware and settings and then 1t will echo back an upper case s Do not disconnect the programmer from the compute
13. Pro grana device that is not supported ATmega168_stk500aml ATmega328_stk500aml by default using Atmel Studio you will Le Computer ATmegal a_stk500 rni ATmegaz28P_stk 00 eml need to add an XML file to one of v Atmel Studio s directories S3 items Jitem selected 380 bytes 1 Navigate to the directory where you installed Atmel Studio and find the too1s1STK5001xm1 subdirectory By default on a 64 bit computer this will be c Program Files x86 Atmel Atmel Studio 6 1 tools STK500 xml 2 Right click on ATmegal68_stk500 xm1 and select Edit to open it in Notepad 3 Replace all occurrences of ATmegal68 in the file with the name of the device you want to program The device name you type should exactly match the name of one of the XML files in Atmel Studio s devices subdirectory for example ATmega328P 4 In the File menu select Save As and save it as DEVICENAME stk500 xml where DEVICENAME is the same device name that you entered into the file for example ATmega328P_stk500 xml 5 Restart Atmel Studio A new entry for your device should now be visible in the Device drop down box of the Device Programming dialog This should allow you to program HEX files onto that device from Atmel Studio using the Pololu USB AVR Programmer 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 18 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Tool Device Interface Device signature Target Voltage STK500 ATmega328P
14. Studio 6 and click New Project In the New Project dialog select GCC C Executable Project for the template Enter the project name and location In this tutorial we will name our project BlinkLED and put it in the C directory but you can choose a different name and location if you would like Uncheck the Create directory for solution box to simplify the directory structure of your project Click OK soni ots ort by Default Installed Templates GCC C Executable Project C C E Creates an AVR 8 bit or AVR ARM 32 Arduimo Boards bit C project Atrnal Bloards GCC C Static Library Project C C User Boards Assembler GCC C Executable Project C C Atmel Studio Solution Type C C GCC C Static Library Projet C C BlinkLED CA Create new solution Olmo The New Project dialog of Atmel Studio 6 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 13 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 2 Inthe Device Selection window select the device name of your specific AVR Click OK to create the project Device Family ll Mar ATmega3250P ATrega3250PA ATmega325A ATmega325P ATmega325PA ATmega328 ATmega329 ATmega3290 ATmega3Z90A ATrmega3290P ATmega3Z90PA ATmega3294 A Tmega3 290 ATrmegad IPA ATmegadlA ATmega3201 ATrmega32HVB 32 m m m i Ere aie amg apg E App Boot Memory Kbytes Data Memory bytes EEPROM br 1024 1024 1024 1024 1034 1024
15. While the SLO scope is running lines A and B do not function as serial handshaking lines as discussed in Section 6 a Rather the SLO scope can control the I O states of A and B The SLO scope application lets you configure these pins as inputs their default settings when you first enable the SLO scope or as digital outputs driven high or low 7 Measuring Voltages Using the SLO scope Page 48 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 8 Troubleshooting This section helps solve problems you might have using the Pololu USB AVR programmer If the computer fails to connect to the programmer e If you are using AVR Studio 5 or Atmel Studio make sure that your programmer has firmware version 1 07 or later Using a firmware version prior to 1 06 will result in an error message in the Output tab that says The signature of the attached tool is AVRISP 2 which is unexpected and Atmel VsIde AvrStudio Services TargetService TCF Internal Services Remote ToolProxy ToolContext and a dialog box that says either Unable to connect to tool STK500 or AVR Studio was unable to start your debug session See Section 9 for information about determining your firmware version and upgrading e If you are using AVR Studio 5 or Atmel Studio and programming with the F5 key does not work then click View gt Available Atmel Tools This will open the Available Tools window Make sure that there is one and o
16. communication need to agree ahead of time on the duration of one bit the baud rate so all devices must be independently configured to run at the same baud rate before they will be able to communicate with each other The USB AVR programmer supports all integer baud rates from 110 to 115200 bits per second The following figure is an example of an 8N1 TTL serial byte LSB MSB E 10011010 OV LL JU start bit stop bit To use the USB to TTL serial adapter you must first determine what port name the operating system has assigned it To determine the port name in Microsoft Windows open the Device Manager expand the Ports COM amp LPT list and look for the Pololu USB AVR Programmer TTL Serial Port entry The port name will be at the end of this line in parentheses e g COM4 In Windows a given device will always be associated with the same port unless you manually change its port assignment see Section 3 a 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter Page 41 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Ey Device Manager File Action View Help AA m amp H E Network adapters aba Pololu USB Devices 9 9 Ports COM amp LPT hA Communications Port COML Pololu USB AVR Programmer TTL Serial Port COM4 a Processors In Windows the Device Manager shows which port name is assigned to the Pololu USB AVR Programmer s USB to TTL serial ada
17. corresponds to 1 and 5 V corresponds to 0 e Version 1 04 released on 2011 04 29 This firmware version fixes a bug where if the sum of the minimum measured target VDD and the maximum allowed range of the target VDD exceeds 8160 mV the programmer will incorrectly think that the AVR is not properly powered and refuse to program it This version also fixes a problem with the optional RTS and DTR control signal outputs on the A and B lines e Version 1 05 released on 2011 07 07 This firmware version adds support for AVRs with 256 KB of flash memory and increases the programming timeout period from 350 ms to 1400 ms e Version 1 06 released on 2011 09 16 This firmware version adds support for AVR Studio 5 0 by changing the programmer s signature from AVRISP 2 to STK500 2 e Version 1 07 released on 2012 02 29 This firmware version adds support for AVR Studio 5 1 and later by reporting the target voltage when it is requested Programmers that shipped from Pololu after 2012 02 29 were shipped with this version Special Modified Firmware Versions These special modified versions of the firmware make the programmer appear as a single virtual COM port instead of a composite device with two virtual COM ports and a native USB interface These versions of the firmware do not support the TTL serial port the SLO scope or the configuration utility These versions are provided to support Mac OS X e Special Modified Version 1 01nc relea
18. the Serial Control Lines Firmware version 1 04 released on April 29th 2011 fixes a problem with the RTS and DTR control signal outputs If you want to use those outputs you should upgrade your firmware to version 1 04 Please see Section 9 for information about upgrading your firmware 9 Firmware version 1 03 released on December 22nd 2010 inverts the TTL serial port s control signals so that 0 V corresponds to 1 and 5 V corresponds to 0 making it consistent with other USB to TTL serial adapters Prior to version 1 03 the opposite convention was used In addition to transmitting bytes on the TX line and receiving bytes on the RX line the USB to TTL serial adapter can use programmer pins A and B as serial handshaking lines of your choosing Each pin can be configured as an 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter Page 43 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation input or an output by identifying it with a serial handshaking line The table below shows which handshaking lines are available CTS is not available because there is no provision for it in the USB CDC ACM subclass Direction Name NET System IO Ports SerialPort member Output DTR Output RTS Input CD Input DSR Input RI DtrEnable RtsEnable CDHolding DsrHolding N A By default pins A and B are high impedance inputs that are not identified with any handshaking line To use pins A and or B you must configure th
19. 0 Atr 02 Bulk MxPS 8 Ivl Oms E Ad 82 1 Atr 02 Bulk MxPS 8 Ivl1 0ms 1 If 2 Alt 0 EPs 1 Cls 02 comm Sub 02 Prot 01 Driver cdc_acm E Ad 83 1 Atr 03 Int MxPS 10 Ivl l1ms I If 3 Alt 0 EPs 2 Cls 0a data Sub 00 Prot 00 Driver cdc acm E Ad 04 0 Atr 02 Bulk MxPS 8 Ivl 0ms o E Ad 84 1 tr 02 Bulk MxPS 8 Ivl Oms T b Ey S A Alt 0 EPs 1 Cls ff vend Su Atr 03 Int MxPS 22 Ivl 1m Try comparing the outputs on your system to the outputs above to determine what went wrong Still need help If none of the above troubleshooting suggestions help please contact us http www pololu com contact for support 8 Troubleshooting Page 51 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 9 Upgrading Firmware The program that runs on the USB AVR Programmer the firmware can be upgraded with bug fixes or new features Firmware Versions e Version 1 00 released 2009 06 02 This is the original firmware for the programmer All programmers that shipped from Pololu before 2009 12 17 were shipped with this version e Version 1 01 released on 2009 12 17 This version contains two bug fixes related to the programmer s TTL serial port Programmers that shipped from Pololu between 2009 12 18 and 2012 02 29 were shipped with this version e Version 1 03 released on 2010 12 22 This firmware version inverts the TTL serial port s control signals so that 0 V
20. Corporation test the connection by going to the Main tab and clicking the Read Signature button This sends a command to the target AVR asking for its device signature If everything works correctly you should see Signature matches selected device If the signature does not match the selected device you probably have the wrong device selected or possibly your target device is turned off If reading the signature fails entirely please see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help getting your connection working STK500 in ISP mode with Almegalb8 ckBits Advanced HW Settings HW Info Auto ATmega168 0c1E Ok4 O06 Read Signature E Drama Mada sn Tare EsHirnne Reading the device signature in AVR Studio s Main ISP tab 8 Now 1t 1s time to program your target device Select the Program tab Your Input HEX File in the Flash section needs to be the hex file that was generated when you built your program You can browse for this using the button to the right of the input file text box If you navigate to your project s folder you should find it as default lt project name gt hex Click the Program button make sure you click the one in the Flash section not one in the EEPROM or ELF Production File Format sections 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 27 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation STK500 in ISP mode with ATmega168 a k Bits
21. Debug menu 3 c Programming AVRs Using AVR Studio 4 9 This tutorial covers the older AVR Studio 4 which is no longer supported by Atmel For a tutorial on the newer Atmel Studio 6 see Section 3 b For a tutorial on AVR Studio 4 for Orangutan and 3pi robot users see the Programming Orangutans and the 3pi Robot from AVR Studio 4 http www pololu com docs 0J52 guide The following tutorial covers the steps needed to program AVRs in Windows using AVR Studio 4 and a Pololu USB AVR programmer Specifically we will write a simple program to blink an LED connected to pin PD1 of an AVR If you want to program an AVR that does not have an LED connected to pin PD1 the code in this tutorial may need to be modified You will need to download and install several pieces of software 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 22 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 1 The Pololu USB AVR Programmer s drivers see Section 3 a 2 WinAVR http winavr sourceforge net WinAVR is a free open source suite of development tools for the AVR family of microcontrollers including the GNU C C compiler for AVRs avr gcc 3 AVR Studio 4 http www atmel com tools STUDIOARCHIVE aspx AVR Studio 4 is a free integrated development environment IDE for programming AVRs offered by Atmel AVR Studio 4 works with the WinAVR avr gcc compiler and contains built in support for AVR ISP programming If you have an Orangutan o
22. OS X as the development environment 5 a Firmware Support for Mac OS X 9 Mac OS X compatibility we have confirmed that the programmer works on Mac OS X and we can assist with advanced technical issues but most of our tech support staff does not use Macs so basic support for Mac OS X is limited Changing the firmware if necessary The standard USB AVR Programmer firmware works with Mac OS X 10 7 Lion and later There is a special modified version of the firmware that should work on all versions of Mac OS X To install the modified firmware you will need to use a Windows or Linux computer but after that all further work can be done on the Mac 1 Follow the steps in Section 3 a to install the Windows drivers and configuration utility for the Pololu USB AVR Programmer 2 Download the following file to the Windows computer Firmware version 1 07nc for the Pololu USB AVR Programmer http www pololu com file download pgm03a_v1 07nc pgm file_id 0J536 29k pgm 3 Using the downloaded file install the firmware modification by following the procedure explained in Section 9 starting with step 3 under the heading Upgrading Firmware Note If you have OS X 10 7 Lion or later you don t need to change your programmer s firmware The modified firmware only allows programming of AVRs it does not support the bonus features of the programmer the TTL level serial port and the SLO scope Checking the installation To che
23. P SUTULIOT CABIUPET 7 This will bring up the Device Programming dialog For the Tool select the STK500 that you added earlier Select the same device you selected earlier If your device is not in the list you will need to add it to the list by following the instructions in Section 3 b 1 For the Interface select ISP Click Apply Tool Device Interface STK500 ATmega328P ISP y Apply Selecting a programmer device and interface in the Device Programming dialog of Atmel Studio 6 If you got an error that says Unable to connect to tool STK500 and you see an error message in the Output pane in the main window that says The signature of the attached tool is AVRISP 2 which is unexpected then you need to upgrade your programmer s firmware to version 1 07 or later see Section 9 If you get a different error see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help identifying and fixing the problem 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 16 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 8 If you have not done so already connect the programmer to the target device using the 6 pin ISP cable Make sure the cable is oriented so that pin 1 on the connector lines up with pin 1 on your target device and that the target device is powered on You can test the connection by clicking the Read button next to the Device Signature box This sends a command to the target AVR asking for its signature If everyth
24. Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide http www pololu com docs 0J36 all Page 1 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation LAMINAS AA A ae 3 l a Module Pinout and Components 2 aooaa a a 4 lp Supported Microcontrollers s 2 42 4 dia e eS EES EGS ARG SERS 5 Le Supporied Operating Systems 44 a 4 4 46 40 wee ore ae A SE ee or darted 6 2 Sontacuno Doll ya oe ere A A a GL A Bh a A a 7 3 Getting Started m WIndows lt 2 4 die a die A A eaa AE Wed ok ew eo de eS 8 3 a Installing Windows Drivers and Software 8 3 b Programming AVRs Using Atmel Studi06 000 ee ee 13 3 b 1 Adding Devices to Atmel Studio 6 ee 18 3 b 2 Using Advanced Features of Atmel Studio 6 ee eee 19 3 b 3 Faster programming with FS in Atmel Studio 6 ee 20 3 c Programming AVRs Using AVR Studio 4 2 2 22 3 c 1 Using Advanced Features of AVR Studio4 2 e 29 3 d Programming AVRs Using AVRDUDE 2 aaa a 31 23 6 Confic rine the Programmer ssion ao G Oe hE A SEARS Eee OS GES S As 31 A Gettin State LIS as A AA OO Si ad eRe SER Ow Se Os 35 Aa MAINES DANS ax of Ag wie AS ohn GN AR ae hh Ue ote hs dc OR A Pe a rd Nee 35 4 b Programming AV RS in Linux amp Ae ed A oe en Ae dem Sak Ee id 35 Gets Stated in Mac OS X0 2 3 4 da ERE OER EE ee EDS EGE Biba S 38 Sa Firmware Suppor
25. R The programmer is the master so this line is an output during programming 5 RST The target AVR s reset line This line is used as an output driven low during programming to hold the AVR in reset 6 GND Ground This line should be connected to the target device s ground 1 b Supported Microcontrollers The programmer should work with all AVRs that can be programmed with the AVR ISP interface but it has not been tested on all devices It has been tested with all Orangutan robot controllers http www pololu com category 8 1 Overview Page 5 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation robot controllers and the 3pi Robot http www pololu com product 975 The programmer features upgradable firmware allowing updates for future devices It does not currently work with Atmel s XMega line of microcontrollers The programmer is powered by the 5V USB power bus and it is intended for programming AVRs that are running at close to 5 V note that the programmer does not deliver power to the target device 1 c Supported Operating Systems The Pololu USB AVR programmer has been tested under Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 3 Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8 and Linux See Section 5 for limited Mac OS X support The programmer s configuration utility works only in Windows but this should not be a big problem for Linux users because all the options that can be set in the configuration ut
26. R Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 3 Connect the USB AVR programmer to your computer s USB port The programmer is actually three devices in one so your XP computer will detect all three of those new devices and display the Found New Hardware Wizard three times Each time the Found New Hardware Wizard pops up follow steps 4 7 4 When the Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed select No not this time and click Next Found New Hardware Wizard Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard Windows will search for current and updated software by looking on pour computer on the hardware installation CD or on the Windows Update Web site with your permission Read our privacy policy Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software Yes this time only O Yes now and every time connect a device No not this time Click Next to continue 5 On the second screen of the Found New Hardware Wizard select Install the software automatically and click Next 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 9 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps pon install software for Pololu USB AVA Programmer If your hardware came with an installation CD or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do Install the software automatically Rec
27. SB AVR Programmer to make an LED connected to PD1 of an AVR blink On any of the Orangutan robot controllers http www pololu com category 8 robot controllers and the 3pi Robot 4 Getting Started in Linux Page 35 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation http www pololu com product 975 this program will blink the red user LED If you want to program an AVR that does not have an LED connected to pin PD1 the LED blinker code in this tutorial will have no visible effect If your device is an ATmega48 ATmegal 68 or ATmega328P download the corresponding archive below e mega48 BlinkLED_ m48 zip http www pololu com file download BlinkLED_m48 zip file_id 0J188 9k zip e megal68 BlinkLED_m168 zip http www pololu com file download BlinkLED_m168 zip file_id 0J189 9k zip e mega328 BlinkLED_m328 zip http www pololu com file download BlinkLED_m328 zip file_id 0J190 9k zip If your device is not one of the above you will need to download one of the above archives and modify the makefile to use your particular device Unpack the archive on your Linux computer Copy the file B1inkLED 1inux Makefile into the BlinkLED directory You will need to edit this file Change all instances of dev ttyUSBO to the name of the programming port device usually dev ttyACMO Additionally it may be necessary to change the settings at the beginning to reflect the locations where the AVR utilities were in
28. TTT Tea ae 100 0 72s avrdude verifying avrdude 3392 bytes of flash verified avrdude safemode Fuses OK avrdude done Thank you 5 Getting Started in Mac OS X Page 40 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter One bonus feature of the Pololu USB AVR programmer is the USB to TTL serial adapter which can be used for connecting microcontroller projects to a personal computer The programmer s drivers make the USB to TTL serial adapter look like a standard serial port to the operating system allowing you to use existing terminal programs and software that are designed to use serial ports This feature is similar to the Pololu USB to serial adapter http www pololu com product 391 product except the programmer has fewer control lines available and transmits at 5 V The TX and RX lines of the programmer are used to send asynchronous serial communication When the programmer receives a byte from the computer via USB it will transmit that byte on the TX line When the programmer receives a byte on the RX input line it will send that byte back to the computer via USB The bytes are sent and received eight bits at a time with no parity and one stop bit This coding is sometimes abbreviated 8N1 The bits must be non inverted meaning that a zero is sent as low voltage and a one is sent as high voltage All devices involved in asynchronous serial
29. are sets DTR to 1 the programmer will drive the line A low which puts the AVR in reset mode You can read input lines and or set output lines by either using a terminal program that supports control signals such as Br y Terminal http sites google com site terminalbpp or by writing a computer program The Microsoft NET framework is free to use and it contains a SerialPort class that makes it easy to read and write bytes from a serial port as well as set and read the control signals Here is some example C NET code that uses a serial port in this way Choose the port name and the baud rate System IO Ports SerialPort port new System 1I0O Ports SerialPort COM4 115200 Connect to the port port Open Assuming that line A is identified with RTS and your firmware version is 1 04 or greater this drives line A low 0 V port RtsEnable true Assuming that line B is identified with DSR and your firmware version is 1 03 or greater this takes an inverted digital reading of line B if port DsrHolding MessageBox Show Line B is low else MessageBox Show Line B is high Disconnect from the port so that other programs can use it port Close Y When the SLO scope feature is enabled 1t assumes control of pins A and B and uses them as analog inputs or digital outputs controlled by the SLO scope application Pins A and B temporarily lose their serial handshaking line assoc
30. as long as itis connected in a debugging session In that case select Stop Debugging first Disconnected Mode AVR Studio 4 s programmer selection dialog If the ISP window does not appear when you click Connect your computer cannot detect the programmer Please see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help identifying and fixing the problem If AVR Studio brings up a dialog asking if you want to upgrade or downgrade your programmer s firmware click Cancel to ignore the message and use your programmer To prevent this dialog from appearing in the future use the Configuration Utility Section 3 e to change the programmer s hardware and software version numbers 6 Select the Main tab In the dropdown box that lists AVR models select the same device that you selected when you created the project For an Orangutan or 3p1 Robot this will either be ATmega48 ATmegal68 or ATmega328P STK5300 in ISP mode with ATmegalb ATmega 168 ATmega165P ATmega168 ATmegal168P ATmega ATmega163P ATmega3 23 Read Signature Selecting the device for ISP programming in AVR Studio T If you have not done so already connect the programmer to the target device using the 6 pin ISP cable Make sure the cable is oriented so that pin 1 on the connector lines up with pin 1 on your target device You can 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 26 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu
31. bug Window Help O GA y 22339 Edd 4544 GES 0 Trace Disabled o Bl oe Sir n ade i 3 AUTO had Eb ps p E F CPU t frec y an i angl tdefine F CPU Con tdefine E CPU 2bo5 finclude lt avrr1o0 h gt finclude util delay h gt E BlinkLED default e Source Files A Header Files Connecting to the programmer with AVR Studio gt This will bring up a programmer selection dialog Select AVRISP as the platform The USB AVR programmer uses AVR ISP version 2 which is written as AVRISPv2 Please note that this is not the same as AVR ISP mkII Select the port name of your programmer if you know what it is or select Auto and AVR Studio will try all the ports until it detects the programmer You can determine your programmer s port name by looking in the Ports COM amp LPT list of your Device Manager for Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port Click Connect to bring up the ISP window 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 25 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide Select AVR Programmer Flathorm AMVAISP mill JTAG ICE JTAGICE mkl AvA Dragon STEBOU I Im L Mi 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Cancel Baud rate 115200 Baud rate changes are Tip To auto connect to the programmer used last time press the Programmer active immediately button an the toolbar Note that a tool cannot be used for programming
32. ck the installation plug the Pololu USB AVR Programmer into a USB port on your Mac Click Cancel if you see the following dialog A new network interface has been detected The Pololu USB AVR Programmer network interface has not been set up To set up this interface use Network Preferences Cancel In a Terminal window type 1s dev tty usb and press enter You should see one or two new entries of the form tty ushmodem lt number gt e g dev tty usbmodem00022331 These entries represent virtual serial ports created by the programmer 5 Getting Started in Mac OS X Page 38 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 600 pololu bash 59x5 a ls dev tty usb fdev tty usbmodembee7s2331 fdev tty usbmodem ee2s 2333 1 If you are using Mac OS X 10 7 or later and have not changed the programmer s firmware there should be two new dev tty usb entries The entry with the lower number is your programmer s Programming Port and later you will need to pass its name as a parameter to AVRDUDE The entry with the higher number which should be two plus the lower number is the TTL Serial Port and you can use a terminal program such as screen to send and receive bytes from it If you are using an older version of Mac OS X you will need to install the modified firmware as described above and you should only see one new dev tty usb entry Thi
33. ction View Help AAN om FR amp gt Network adapters a fq Pololu USB Devices E a Y Ports COM amp LPT Ey Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port C0M15 1 Pololu USB AVR Programmer TTL Serial Port COM17 gt pa Print queues n FE Dearerrare Windows 8 device manager showing the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Some software will not allow connection to higher COM port numbers In particular AVR Studio and early versions of Atmel Studio cannot connect to ports higher than COMO If you need to change the COM port number assigned to your programmer you can do so using the Device Manager Double click the COM port to open the properties dialog and click the Advanced button in the Port Settings tab From this dialog you can change the COM port assigned to the programmer Once your have successfully installed the device drivers and software you can run the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Configuration Utility which is available in the Start menu in the Pololu folder This application allows you to change many of the settings of your programmer and can help troubleshoot problems Please see Section 3 e for more information This software package also contains the installation files for the Pololu SLO scope application for Windows Please see Section 7 for installation and usage instructions 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 12 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 3 b P
34. e Lock bits allow you to secure your AVR by preventing further flash writing or reading The lock bits can be reset to a fully unlocked state by performing a chip erase 1 e by clicking the Erase Device button in the Memories section Lock bits are usually only important if you wish to release a product to other people without giving them access to the program it is running or if you wish to make it more difficult to accidentally overwrite a programmed chip 3 b 3 Faster programming with F5 in Atmel Studio 6 The Device Programming dialog in Atmel Studio 6 is modal which means you must close it after you are done programming in order to go back to editing your source code It takes 4 clicks to open up the dialog and initiate 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 20 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation the programming process again This section describes a different method for programming that will allow you to compile and program simply by pressing F5 First in the View menu select Available Atmel Tools This will bring up the Available Tools window Make sure that there is one and only one STK500 in the list and make sure that the COM port number matches the COM port number of the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port which is displayed in the Device Manager If there are multiple STK500 entries right click on them and select Remove to remove the extra entries You will only have
35. ecommended o Firmware version 1 01 for the USB AVR Programmer http www pololu com file download pgm03a_v1 01 pgm file_id 0J316 34k pgm released December 17th 2009 3 Get your programmer into bootloader mode If you are using Windows and your programmer has the standard firmware this can be done by clicking the Start Bootloader button in the lower left corner of the configuration utility If you cannot use the Start Bootloader button for any reason e g you are using a different operating system you have installed a special modified firmware or your firmware has been corrupted during an upgrade attempt then you will need to use the programmer s bootloader pads to get it into bootloader mode To do this first unplug everything from your programmer Short out the two bootloader pads highlighted below by touching them both to a wire screwdriver or other conductive tool While the pads are shorted out plug the programmer in to USB This may take a few tries You can stop shorting out the pads after the programmer is plugged in to USB ities E a io ds de i a e i de g ia oh is i The Pololu USB AVR Programmer s bootloader pads 9 Upgrading Firmware Page 53 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 4 Once the programmer is in bootloader mode it will appear to your computer as a new device called Pololu pgm03a Bootloader o Windows 8 Windows 7 Vista and
36. ee the Atmel s AVR Studio 4 documentation for more detailed descriptions of these features ISP Frequency In the ISP window under the Main tab the Programming Mode and Target Settings section lets you set the frequency of the clock used when programming the target device The higher the ISP frequency the faster the target AVR will be programmed but this frequency must be less than a quarter of the target AVR s clock frequency Click Read to read the frequency from the programmer and click Write to write the selected frequency to the programmer It is important to note that the frequencies in the ISP Freq list are not correct when you are using the Pololu USB AVR programmer See Section 3 e for a list of the actual frequencies and more information about selecting the ISP frequency 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 29 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation STK500 in ISP mode with Almegal68 be less than 1 4 of the target AVR Studio s interface for setting the ISP frequency Fuses proceed with caution Clicking on the Fuses tab automatically causes the programmer to read the fuse settings of the target AVR If the programmer is not connected to the target AVR when you select this tab AVR Studio displays an error message Fuses allow you to configure certain persistent fundamental aspects of your AVR such as boot flash size brown out detection level and the clock off of which it should
37. em to be serial handshaking lines using the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Configuration Utility see Section 3 e The programmer stores the configuration in persistent memory Disconnect Connected Se al number 00022331 Fimmware version 1 07 Programming ISP Frequency 200 kHz AVR ISP Emulation Hardware Version Software Version TTL Serial Port Line A identity Line B Identity Start Bootloader Target VDD Monitor Minimum Allowed 4384 Maximum Range Allowed 512 Measurements From Last Programming Minimum NA Range N A Error From Last Programming None Pins A and B can be identified with serial handshaking lines using the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Configuration Utility After your have associated pins A and or B with serial handshaking lines you can take advantage of the I O capabilities of A and B For input lines this means you can get a digital reading of the voltage on the line over USB For output lines this means you can set the voltage on the line over USB A voltage of 0 V corresponds to a logical 1 while a voltage of 1 V corresponds to a logical 0 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter Page 44 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation For example if you wanted to connect your Pololu USB AVR Programmer to an AVR running the Arduino bootloader you could configure pin A to be DTR and then connect pin A to the AVR s reset line When the Arduino softw
38. ess you have other devices plugged in that use the CDC ACM driver the names of these two serial port devices should be dev ttyACMO for the programming port and dev ttyACM1 for the USB to TTL serial adapter If the programmer is plugged in but you do not see these devices please see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help identifying and fixing the problem 4 b Programming AVRs in Linux 9 If you have an Orangutan or 3pi Robot or wish to use the Pololu AVR C C Library for some other reason we recommend following the Pololu AVR Programming Quick Start Guide http www pololu com docs 0J51 instead of this tutorial To program AVRs in Linux using the Pololu USB AVR Programmer you will need to install four software packages which can be downloaded from their respective websites In Ubuntu Linux these packages are provided in the Universe repository 1 gec avr the GNU C compiler ported to the AVR architecture 2 avr libe a library giving access to special functions of the AVR 3 binutils avr tools for converting object code into hex files 4 avrdude the software to drive the programmer Once these packages are installed you will be able to compile C programs for the AVR with gcc to produce hex files These hex files can be loaded on to your AVR using avrdude and a programmer We will not go into the details of writing C programs for the AVR here but as an example we will show you how to use your Linux computer and the U
39. ft com downloads details aspx FamilyId 68C48DAD BC34 40BE 8D85 6BB4F56F5110 or Hotfix KB918365 installed before installing the drivers for the Pololu USB AVR programmer Some users who installed the hotfix have reported problems using the programmer which were solved by upgrading to Service Pack 3 so we recommend Service Pack 3 over the hotfix Please note that these drivers will only work for the USB AVR programmer if you have Pololu s original Orangutan USB programmer http www pololu com product 740 you will need to install the drivers specific to that device Before you connect your Pololu USB AVR programmer to a computer running Microsoft Windows you must install its drivers 1 Download and install the Pololu AVR Development Bundle http www pololu com file redirect avr development bundle 11 MB exe This includes the drivers and software for the Pololu USB AVR Programmer along with the Pololu AVR C C Library and the Orangutan SVP Drivers If you are not sure which of these components you need it is OK to install all of them If you only need to install the drivers and software for the programmer you can download those separately USB AVR Programmer Windows Drivers and Software http www pololu com file download pololu usb avr programmer win 121114 exe file_id 0J486 1 1MB exe 2 During the installation Windows will ask you if you want to install the drivers Click Install Windows 8 7 and Vista or Continue
40. g 1s too slow to actually program the flash or EEPROM on your target device using Atmel Studio 1t will timeout while attempting to program the flash EEPROM pages but it will still let you set the fuses Be aware that if you attempt to program flash or EEPROM at 4 0 kHz it might take five minutes or longer to program a 16KB of flash so we only recommend this ISP frequency for putting small programs on very low frequency AVRs 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 33 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Serial Number This is a unique identifier assigned to this programmer by Pololu This number can not be changed TTL Serial Port This section is used to identify pins A and B with serial handshaking lines so that they can be used as general purpose user I O lines See Section 6 a AVR ISP Emulation This section is used to change the hardware and software version numbers of the programmer These numbers are read by Atmel Studio when it connects to the programmer and are expressed in hex If these numbers do not match the numbers that Atmel Studio expects then it might bring up a dialog asking if you want to upgrade or downgrade your programmer s firmware the Pololu AVR USB programmer does not support this method of firmware upgrading so this dialog is nothing more than a nuisance to those not using an Atmel programmer You should click Cancel to ignore the message and proceed to the AVRISP programm
41. iations while the SLO scope is active but these associations are restored once the SLO scope is disabled You can disable the SLO scope via the SLO scope application or by unplugging the programmer and plugging it back in 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter Page 45 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 7 Measuring Voltages Using the SLO scope A second bonus feature of the Pololu USB AVR programmer is the severely limited oscilloscope SLO scope which uses lines A and B as inputs to measure TTL level voltages at a sample rate of up to 20 kHz The SLO scope has two operating modes e Two 8 bit analog channels sampling at 10 kHz e One 7 bit analog channel A and one digital channel B sampling at 20 kHz The SLO scope can measure voltages between ground and approximately 5 V depending on your computer s USB bus voltage you can measure higher voltages by passing them through an external voltage divider before connecting them to the programmer The following schematic shows a general voltage divider circuit that can be used to scale down an input signal to the SLO scope s required 0 5 V range Vin _ Vin x R2 PARO The total resistance of R1 R2 should be as large as possible to minimize the divider s effect on your signal but it should not exceed 100 kQ or so Installing and Runing the Pololu SLO scope Application The SLO scope application for Windows comes wi
42. ility are stored in persistent memory so you would only have to use Windows when you want to change those parameters which should be rarely if ever The programmer does not require the configuration to program AVRs or to use the TX and RX USB to TTL serial adapter pins The SLO scope application works only in Windows The programmer is compatible with a variety of AVR programming utilities for Windows Linux and Mac OS including AVRDUDE AVR Studio 4 AVR Studio 5 and Atmel Studio 6 1 Overview Page 6 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2 Contacting Pololu You can check the Pololu USB AVR _ programmer page http www pololu com product 1300 for additional information We would be delighted to hear from you about any of your projects and about your experience with the Pololu USB AVR Programmer You can contact us http www pololu com contact directly or post on our forum http forum pololu com Tell us what we did well what we could improve what you would like to see in the future or anything else you would like to say 2 Contacting Pololu 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Page 7 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 3 Getting Started in Windows The Pololu USB AVR programmer works in Windows XP Windows Vista and Windows 7 3 a Installing Windows Drivers and Software 9 If you use Windows XP you will need to have either Service Pack 3 http www microso
43. ing dialog To prevent this firmware upgrade dialog from appearing in the future set the numbers here to the numbers that AVR Studio says it expects 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 34 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 4 Getting Started in Linux The Pololu USB AVR programmer can be used in Linux to program AVRs and to send and receive bytes on the USB to TTL serial adapter The configuration utility is written for Windows there is no Linux version All of the parameters that can be set in the configuration utility are stored in persistent memory so Linux users only have to use Windows when they want to change those parameters which should not be too often The SLO scope client 1s written for Windows and there is no Linux version Linux users are unable to use the SLO scope at this time If you would like to write a configuration utility or SLO scope application for Linux you can contact us http www pololu com contact for information 4 a Linux Driver No driver installation is necessary to use the Pololu USB AVR Programmer in Linux The Linux Kernel comes with a USB to serial driver the cdc_acm module that automatically works with the programmer The source code for this driver is in the kernel source under drivers usb class cdc acm c When you plug your programmer into a Linux computer the CDC ACM driver should automatically detect it and create two serial port devices Unl
44. ing works correctly you should see a number in hex notation appear in the Device Signature box If you get an error about the signature being wrong you might have selected the wrong device If you get a warning that says Read voltage 1S outside selected device s operating range then double check to make sure that your device is powered and that you have upgraded the programmer to firmware version 1 07 or later For more help getting your connection working see Troubleshooting Section 8 Device signature 0x1 E950F _ Target Voltage ABV Read 2 Reading the device signature of an AVR in Atmel Studio 6 9 Now itis time to program your target device Select the Memories section on the left The Flash box should contain the path to the ELF file that was generated when you built your program If 1t does not you can browse for this using the button to the right of the text box If you navigate to your project s folder you should find it as Debugl lt project name gt elf Click the Program button in the Flash box Tool Device Target Voltage STK500 ATmega328P e Appl Read 48V Read Interface settings Device Tool information Erase Chip Erase now Board settings Flash 32KB Device information CABlinkLEDDebugiBlinkLED elf 2 Erase device before programming 2 Verify Flash after programming Lock bits EEPROM IKE Production file P a g fa m lw Verify EEPROM after programming
45. ion Tool Device Interface Device signature Target Voltage STK500 ATmega328P ISP Apply Interface settings ISP Clock Tool information 97 6 kHz Board settim i The ISP Clock frequency must be lower than 1 4 of frequency the device is Device information operating on amen Fuses Lock bits Production file Getting clock value OK Atmel Studio 6 s interface for setting the ISP frequency Fuses proceed with caution Selecting Fuses in the Device Programming dialog automatically causes the programmer to read the fuse settings of the target AVR If the programmer is not connected to the target AVR when you select this tab Atmel Studio displays an error message Fuses allow you to configure certain persistent fundamental aspects of your AVR such as boot flash size brown out detection level and the clock off of which it should run e g external crystal or internal oscillator To learn more about the fuses and what they do see the datasheet for your specific AVR 9 Warning You can permanently disable your AVR by setting the fuses incorrectly Only advanced users who know precisely what they are doing should change the fuse settings Lock Bits Selecting Lock bits in the Device Programming dialog automatically causes the programmer to read the lock bits of the target AVR If the programmer is not connected to the target AVR when you select this tab Atmel Studio displays an error messag
46. ion is determined by inserting a period in the middle of the revision code For example a revision code of 0107 corresponds to firmware version 1 07 while a revision code of 0101 corresponds to a firmware version 1 01 To determine the programmer s revision code in Linux If you only see only one device with a name matching dev ttyACM appear when you connect the programmer to your computer then you have a special modified firmware version If you see two such devices appear then you have one of the standard firmware versions and you can determine the exact version number by following these steps 1 Connect the programmer to your computer via USB 2 Run the following command lsusb v d 1f fb 0081 grep bcdDevice 3 This should output a line that has a number on it That number is the revision code If the revision code is 0 01 then you have firmware version 1 00 Otherwise your firmware version is the same as the revision code Upgrading Firmware To upgrade your programmer s firmware follow these steps 1 Ifyou have changed any of the programmer s settings in the configuration utility or with PgmCma record your current settings because the firmware upgrade process will reset the settings 2 Download the desired version of the firmware here o Firmware version 1 07 for the USB AVR Programmer http www pololu com file download pgm03a_v1 07 pgm file_id 0J535 29k pgm released February 29th 2012 R
47. is no modem 26 380858 cdc acm 2 1 1 0 TEYACMO lt USB ACM device 26 413512 build buildd linux 2 6 24 drivers usb class cdc acm c This device cannot do calls on its own It is no modem 26 413542 cdc acm 2 1 1 2 ttyACM1 USB ACM device 26 421314 usbcore registered new interface driver cdc acm 26 421333 build buildd linux 2 6 24 drivers usb class cdc acm c v0 25 USB Abstract Control Model driver for USB modems and ISDN adapters e If the CDC ACM driver is associated with both serial ports of the programmer then the dev bus usb devices file or proc bus usb devices should have a group of lines like this the important thing is that Driver cdc_acm should appear in four places Bus 02 Lev 01 Prnt 01 Port 00 Cnt 01 Dev 2 Spd 12 MxCh 0 Ver 2 00 Cls ef unk Sub 02 Prot 01 MxPS 8 Cfgs 1 Vendor 1ffb ProdID 0081 Rev 0 01 Manufacturer Pololu Corporation Product Pololu USB AVR Programmer SerialNumber 00000005 Fflfs 5 Cfg 1 Atr 80 MxPwr 100mA FirstIf 0 IfCount 2 Cls 02 comm Sub 02 Prot 01 FirstIf 2 IfCount 2 Cls 02 comm Sub 02 Prot 01 If 0 Alt 0 EPs 1 Cls 02 comm Sub 02 Prot 01 Driver cde acm Ad 81 I Atr 03 Int MxPS 10 Ivl lms Tf 1 Alt 0 EPs 2 Cls 0a data Sub 00 Prot 00 Driver cde acm PE oP 00701 Ute Oa x Page 50 of 54 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 01 Prot 01 Driver none E Ad 02
48. klED include lt util delay h gt 34 Dependencies 16 entat 1 4 edad ees gt ga Libranes DOAD 1 lt lt D001 set LED pin PD1 to output BlinkLED c while 1 PORTO 1 lt lt PORTDI drive POL high delay m 199 delay 109 mz PORTD e 1 PORTD1 drive POl low _delay ms 900 delay 900 ms Building a project with Atmel Studio 6 5 Make sure your USB AVR programmer is connected to your computer via its USB A to mini B cable and then select Add target from the Tools menu Select STK500 as the tool Select the COM port that has been assigned to the programmer s programming port and click Apply If you are not sure which COM port to select look in the Device Manager under the Ports COM amp LPT list This step can be skipped if you have done it before Build Debug Tools Window Help B Command Prompt A Device Programming Ctrl Shift P E Code Snippets Manager Ctrl K Ctrl B aiian Toar ia Add in Manager 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 15 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation This wizard allows you to add tools that are not detectable e g serial connected tools Select tool STKS00 Select Serial The Add target dialog box in Atmel Studio 6 1 6 Click the Device Programming button on the toolbar You can also select Device Programming from the Tools menu Device Programming Ctrl Shift
49. millivolts When the programmer recieves an ISP programming request it starts keeping track of the maximum and minimum measurements of the AVR s VDD If the difference between the maximum and minimum exceeds the allowed maximum range the programmer immediately aborts programming and turns on the red programming LED Increasing this value will allow programming of AVRs under less stable power conditions but will make it more likely that the programmer will send ISP commands to the AVR while the AVR is running at an unsafe voltage The default value is 512 mV Measurements From Last Programming This section displays the minimum and range of the target VDD measurements from the last time the programmer was in programming mode or tried to enter programming mode This can help determine whether programming problems are due to the target s power supply 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 32 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Error From Last Programming When an error or unexpected condition causes the programmer to leave programming mode or fail to enter programming mode then the programmer turns on the red LED and records the error code A description of the error can be found here See Troubleshooting Section 8 for details on specific error messages ISP Frequency The higher the ISP frequency the faster you can program the target AVR but the ISP frequency must be less than a quarter of the ta
50. nd out by changing the horizontal scale and you can inspect the data in the lower pane 7 Measuring Voltages Using the SLO scope Page 47 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation by hovering over it with your cursor A purple rectangle highlights the portion of the upper pane is visible in the lower pane You can adjust the vertical scaling of a channel s data by changing its volts per division parameter and you can adjust the amount of data that is shown in the lower pane by changing the SLO scope s milliseconds per division horizontal scale parameter Triggering can be used when horizontal scaling is 20 ms div or less You can trigger on rising or falling edges of either channel A or channel B and you can adjust the trigger level by directly setting the value in millivolts or by dragging the trigger level scrollbar on the right side of the lower pane to the desired position When triggering is enabled the data in the lower pane will update whenever a trigger event occurs Triggering can help you to better identify and analyze periodic signals such as motor noise PWMs etc while the SLO scope is running To change the color used to draw a channel s data double click on the colored square in either the Channel A or Channel B box To change the vertical position of the OV level of a channel click and drag that channel s corresponding 0V indicator triangle on the left side of the lower pane
51. ng Started in Windows Page 31 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Disconnect Connected Seral number 00022331 Firmware version 1 07 Programming Target VOD Monitor ISP Frequency Minimum Allowed 4304 Maximum Range Allowed 512 AVR ISP Emulation Hardware Version F Measurements From Last Programming Software Version 2 Minimum N A Range N A TTL Serial Port Error From Last Programming Line A Identity None Pololu USB AVR programmer configuration utility for Windows Target VDD Monitor The USB AVR programmer monitors the voltage of the target AVR while 1t 1s being programmed to ensure that ISP commands are only sent when the AVR s VDD 1s at a safe level since attempting to program an underpowered AVR can permanently disable 1t There are two parameters that control this feature e Minimum Allowed This parameter determines the lowest level in millivolts that the target AVR s VDD is allowed to go If the target AVR s VDD drops below this level the programmer immediately aborts programming and turns on the red programming LED Lowering this value will allow programming of AVRs at lower voltages but will make it more likely that the programmer will send ISP commands to the AVR while the AVR is running at an unsafe voltage The default value is 4384 mV e Maximum Range Allowed This parameter determines how much the target AVR s VDD measurements are allowed to vary in
52. ng in the Details tab of the Properties window for C Windows System32 drivers usbser sys To get the fixed version of the driver you will need to either install Service Pack 3 http www microsoft com downloads details aspx FamilyId 68C48DAD BC34 40BE 8D85 6BB4F56F5110 or Hotfix KB918365 Some users who installed the hotfix have reported problems using the programmer which were solved by upgrading to Service Pack 3 so we recommend Service Pack 3 over the hotfix After installing the drivers if you go to your computer s Device Manager and expand the Ports COM amp LPT list you should see two COM ports Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port and Pololu USB AVR Programmer TTL Serial Port In parentheses after these names you will see the name of the port e g COM3 or COM4 If you expand the Pololu USB Devices list you should see an entry for the Pololu USB AVR programmer 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 11 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Device Manager Action View Help Hee y Hetwork Bus Enumerator ip A Pololu USB Devices a eS Pololu USB AR Programmer YF Ports COM amp LPT E Pololu USB OVP Programmer Programming Pork COM a 24 Pololu USB AYR Programmer TTL Serial Port COMB SR Processors q E Seanske Mevirez Windows XP device manager showing the Pololu USB AVR Programmer File A
53. nly one STK500 in the list and make sure that the COM port number matches the COM port number of the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port which is displayed in the Device Manager If there are multiple STK500 entries right click on them and select Remove to remove the extra entries e Make sure your programmer is connected to your computer via a USB A to mini B cable If the programmer was previously working and has since stopped try closing all programs using the programmer the configuration utility the SLO scope client and the Atmel Studio Device Programming dialog and cycle the power by unplugging it from your computer and then reconnecting it e If you are in Windows make sure you have installed the drivers the programmer needs to operate Section 3 a describes how to install the drivers in Windows e Is the programmer s green USB status LED on This is the LED next to the USB mini B connector If this LED is blinking slowly then your drivers are not properly installed e If you are in Windows can you see your programmer listed in the Device Manager The Device Manager should show three devices under Pololu USB Devices should be Pololu USB AVR Programmer and under Ports COM amp LPT should be Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port and Pololu USB AVR Programmer TTL Serial Port and there should be no error symbols on the icons representing these devices e Ifyou are in Linux check that
54. olu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 1 a Module Pinout and Components Pin 1 ISP connector E Yellow LED 110 AT an TTL TX ol Ruin Red LED GND O arribado 5V VBUS BRA a vee i Mini B USB green Connector Pololu USB AVR programmer labeled top view The Pololu USB AVR programmer connects to a computer s USB port via an included USB A to mini B cable http www pololu com product 1129 and it connects to the target device via an included 6 pin ISP programming cable http www pololu com product 972 the older 10 pin ISP connections are not directly supported but it is easy to create or purchase a 6 pin to 10 pin ISP adapter The USB AVR programmer has three indicator LEDs e The green LED indicates the USB status of the device When you connect the programmer to the computer via the USB cable the green LED will start blinking slowly The blinking continues until it receives a particular message from the computer indicating that the drivers are installed correctly After the programmer gets this message the green LED will be on but it will flicker briefly when there is USB activity e The yellow LED indicates that the programmer is doing something When it is blinking it means that the programmer has detected the target device the voltage on the target VDD line is high When it is on solid it means that the SLO scope is enabled and lines A and B are used fo
55. ommended Install from a list or specific location Advanced Click Next to continue 6 Windows XP will warn you again that the driver has not been tested by Microsoft and recommend that you stop the installation Click Continue Anyway Meeps sl bles the mad melay ihe polite rd Tr eare Area Phe rolas p are haag bow they dre F Pololu LGA AF Progne Programar Port Pokey US EO Prager Pigaan Por has nal pected ardor Lo Petra ho viny ti rat si rado AP Ll a tb ria moda Contrasng pout mailallaan ol ther liene may mpa LS Es 7 When you have finished the Found New Hardware Wizard click Finish After that another wizard will pop up You will see a total of three wizards when plugging in the programmer Follow steps 4 7 for each wizard 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 10 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Found Mew Hardware Wizard Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard The wizard has finished installing the software for Pololu USB AMA Programmer Click Finish to close the wizard If you use Windows XP and experience problems installing the serial port drivers the cause of your problems might be a bug in older versions of Microsoft s usb to serial driver usbser sys Versions of this driver prior to version 5 1 2600 2930 will not work with the USB AVR programmer You can check what version of this driver you have by looki
56. pter To determine the port name in Linux type 1s dev ttyacm The port name will be one of the devices listed there If there are only two ports then the USB to TTL serial adapter will be dev ttyACM1 and the programming port will be dev ttyACMO If you see more than two ports then you should look at the output from dmesg when you plug in the USB AVR programmer to see which two ports are created the second port is the USB to TTL serial adapter In Linux the port name depends on how many other devices are using the USB CDC ACM driver to create virtual serial ports at the time the USB AVR Programmer is plugged in The USB AVR Programmer s two serial ports in Linux After determining the port name you can use any serial port software to communicate on that port There are many free terminal programs available including PuTTY http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty Windows or Linux Tera Term http ttssh2 sourceforge jp Windows and Br y Terminal http sites google com site terminalbpp Windows Advanced users developing scripted applications may prefer the free terminal program kermit http www columbia edu kermit To use any of these terminal programs with the USB to TTL serial adapter you must specify the port name determined above and your desired baud rate The characters you type will be transmitted on the programmer s TX line Bytes received by the programmer on the RX line will be displayed on the sc
57. r 3p1 and want to jump straight in to using your USB AVR programmer you can skip steps 1 3 by downloading the AVR Studio project these steps would create Determine the microcontroller on your device download the corresponding file below extract all the files to a directory open the AVR Studio project file BlinkLED aps and proceed to step 4 e mega48 BlinkLED m48 zip http www pololu com file download BlinkLED_m48 zip file_id 0J188 9k zip e megal68 BlinkLED_m168 zip http www pololu com file download BlinkLED_m168 zip file_id 0J189 9k zip e mega328 BlinkLED_ m328 zip http www pololu com file download BlinkLED_m328 zip file_id 0J190 9k zip ll Open AVR Studio and click New Project Select AVR GCC for the project type Enter the project name and initial file name In the screenshot below we named our project BlinkLED and elected to have a folder called CABlinkLED created containing the blank file BlinkLED c Click Next gt gt DO NOT click Finish yet If you do accidentally click Finish you will not be able to perform step 2 and will instead have to set the device by going to the Project menu and selecting Configuration Options Welcome to AVR Studio 4 Create new project Project type Project name Atmel AVA Assembler BlinkLED W Create initial file I Create folder Initial File BlinkLED e Location Es Yer 4
58. r after this point until the upgrade is complete 9 Now send the contents of the downloaded firmware upgrade file to the bootloader The firmware upgrade file is a plain text ASCII file so you can open it in a text editor such as notepad copy the whole thing and then paste it into your terminal program Br y terminal has a Send File button you can use 10 While the file is being sent the bootloader will send back period characters This process will take about 5 seconds When the firmware upgrade is complete the bootloader should send back a pipe character and turn the red LED on 11 You can now unplug your programmer plug 1t back into the computer and use the new firmware If you run into problems during or after the firmware upgrade then it is possible that you accidentally corrupted the firmware on your programmer The solution to this problem is to retry the firmware upgrade procedure Even if your programmer is not recognized at all by your computer and you see no sign of life from it you can get 1t back into bootloader mode by following the instructions in step 3 9 Upgrading Firmware Page 54 of 54
59. r the SLO scope instead of the USB to TTL serial adapter e The red LED indicates an error or warning When it is blinking it means that the target device is not detected the voltage on the target VDD line is low When it is on solid it means that the last attempt at programming resulted in an error You can determine the source of the error by running the configuration utility see Section 3 e The VBUS line provides direct access to the 5V VBUS line on the USB cable and can be used to power additional devices The line can provide up to 100 mA so the current draw of your programmer plus any additional devices should not exceed this amount If you attempt to draw more than this limit your computer might disconnect the USB port temporarily or take other actions to limit the use of USB power 1 Overview Page 4 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation The GND line provides direct access to the grounded line on the USB cable and ground on the programmer The TX and RX lines are the TTL serial port for the USB to TTL serial adapter They are labeled from the computer s perspective TX is an output that connects to your target s serial receive pin and RX is an input that connects to your target s serial transmit pin Section 6 describes how to use these lines to communicate with your devices from the computer The A and B lines can be used as serial control handshaking lines for the USB to TTL se
60. rasing chip avrdude reading input file BlinkLED hex avrdude input file BlinkLED hex auto detected as Intel Hex avrdude writing flash 224 bytes Writing PEREPERE AAA aaa mama 100 0 39s avrdude 224 bytes of flash written avrdude verifying flash memory against BlinkLED hex avrdude load data flash data from input file BlinkLED hex avrdude input file BlinkLED hex auto detected as Intel Hex avrdude input file BlinkLED hex contains 224 bytes 4 Getting Started in Linux Page 36 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation avrdude reading on chip flash data Reading FHHHFHEEEEEE HE EEE EE EEE EE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 100 0 05s avrdude verifying avrdude 224 bytes of flash verified avrdude safemode Fuses OK avrdude done Thank you rm BlinkLED o BlinkLED obj This output indicates the AVR was successfully programmed The LED connected to PD1 of your AVR should now be flashing Note that 1f you are trying this on a 3p1 robot and you have not yet soldered in the optional through hole LEDs the flashing LED will be on the bottom of the robot If there was a problem please see Troubleshooting Section 8 for help identifying and fixing it 4 Getting Started in Linux Page 37 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 5 Getting Started in Mac OS X The Pololu USB AVR Programmer can be used to program AVR microcontrollers using Mac
61. reen by the terminal program 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter Page 42 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation ieee PuTTY Configuration Session Basic options for your PUTTY session ra Te Specify the destination you want to connect to E Window ae H Connection A COMA 115200 Connection type Raw Telnet Rlogin SSH Serial m J ee ee ee ee PuTTY is a free Windows terminal program that can send and receive bytes on a serial port If you need to send and receive non ASCII bytes you can use the Pololu Serial Transmitter Utility for Windows http www pololu com docs 0J23 You can also write a computer program to use the serial port The freely available Microsoft NET framework contains a SerialPort class that makes it easy to read and write bytes from a serial port Here is some example C NET code that uses a serial port Choose the port name and the baud rate System IO Ports SerialPort port new System 1I0O Ports SerialPort CoM4 115200 Connect to the port port Open Transmit two bytes on the TX line 1 2 port Write new byte l 2 0 2 Wait for a byte to be received on the RX line int response port ReadByte Show the user what byte was received MessageBox Show Received byte response Disconnect from the port so that other programs can use it port Close 6 a Communicating via
62. rget AVR s clock frequency The ISP frequency can be set in Atmel Studio see Section 3 b 2 as well as in the Configuration Utility but the frequencies listed in the Atmel Studio user interface do not match the actual frequencies used by the Pololu USB AVR programmer The correspondence is shown below rene Het Aenal pregueney Steve Te 1 843 MHz 2000 kHz gt 8 MHz 460 8 kHz 1500 kHz gt 6 MHz 115 2 kHz 750 kHz gt 3 MHz 57 6 kHz 200 kHz gt 800 kHz 28 36 kHz 4 0 kHz gt 16 kHz 14 07 kHz 7 009 kHz 4 00 kHz 3 498 kHz 1 5 kHz gt 6 kHz 1 748 kHz 1 21 kHz This ISP frequency is so low that Atmel Studio times out while attempting to program flash or EEPROM pages but it can be used to program fuses and lock bits on AVRs running at frequencies as low as 6 kHz An AVR running at 20 MHz or higher e g the Orangutan SV xx8 Orangutan LV 168 Baby Orangutan and 3p1 robot can be programmed at 2000 kHz 1 845 MHz in Atmel Studio which is the fastest setting An AVR running at 8 MHz or higher e g the original Orangutan can be programmed at 1500 kHz 460 8 kHz in AVR Studio An AVR running at 1 MHz such as one clocked off of the internal RC oscillator with the divide by 8 fuse bit programmed can be programmed at an ISP frequency as high as 200 kHz 57 6 kHz in Atmel Studio This is the USB AVR programmer s default ISP frequency The two lowest frequencies support AVRs with a clock frequency under 1 MHz The 1 5 kHz settin
63. rial adapter see Section 6 a or as analog voltage inputs for the SLO scope see Section 7 A TX RX GNOD PGMO3A 0 1345 Pololu Engage Your Brain 2009 www pololu com ial FA ETT 154 oo OND Sow Pad Pololu USB AVR programmer bottom view with dimensions The USB AVR programmer has a standard 6 pin AVR ISP connector for programming AVRs and the pins are labeled on the silkscreen on the bottom side of the board The pins on the connector are 1 MISO The Master Input Slave Output line for SPI communication with the target AVR The programmer is the master so this line is an input 2 VDD An input line that the programmer uses to measure the voltage of the target AVR While programming the target device the programmer uses this line to constantly monitor the target VDD If the voltage goes too low or varies too much then the programmer aborts programming in order to avoid damage to the target AVR Section 3 e has more information about target VDD monitoring The VDD line is not used to power the programmer the programmer is powered from the USB This line cannot be used to power the target device the target device must be independently powered for programming to work 3 SCK The clock line for SPI communication with the target AVR The programmer is the master so this line is an output during programming 4 MOSI The Master Output Slave Input line for SPI communication with the target AV
64. rogramming AVRs Using Atmel Studio 6 9 If you have an Orangutan or 3pi Robot or wish to use the Pololu AVR C C Library for some other reason we recommend following the Pololu AVR Programming Quick Start Guide http www pololu com docs 0J51 instead of this tutorial The following tutorial covers the steps needed to program AVRs in Windows using Atmel Studio 6 http www atmel com microsite atmel_studio6 and a Pololu USB AVR Programmer Atmel Studio 6 is a free integrated development environment IDE provided by Atmel In this tutorial we will write a simple program to blink an LED connected to pin PD1 of an AVR If you want to program an AVR that does not have an LED connected to pin PD1 the code in this tutorial can be modified You will need to e Download and install Atmel Studio 6 http www atmel com microsite atmel_studio6 by following the instructions on Atmel s website e Install the Pololu USB AVR Programmer s drivers on your computer See Section 3 a for instructions e Upgrade your programmer s firmware to version 1 07 or later See Section 9 for instructions If your programmer was shipped from Pololu after 2012 02 29 then you already have the right firmware e Add the appropriate XML file to Atmel Studio 6 to get it to support the AVR you wish to program if necessary See Section 3 b 1 for instructions After you have completed these prerequisites you can create a new Atmel Studio 6 project 1 Open Atmel
65. run e g external crystal or internal oscillator To learn more about the fuses and what they do see the datasheet for your specific AVR Y Warning You can permanently disable your AVR by setting the fuses incorrectly Only advanced users who know precisely what they are doing should change the fuse settings 3 Getting Started in Windows Page 30 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation Lock Bits Clicking on the Lock Bits tab automatically causes the programmer to read the lock bits of the target AVR If the programmer is not connected to the target AVR when you select this tab AVR Studio displays an error message Lock bits allow you to secure your AVR by preventing further flash writing or reading The lock bits can be reset to a fully unlocked state by performing a chip erase 1 e by clicking the Erase Device button in the Main tab Lock bits are usually only important if you wish to release a product to other people without giving them access to the program it is running or if you wish to make it more difficult to accidentally overwrite a programmed chip 3 d Programming AVRs Using AVRDUDE It is possible to program AVRs in Windows using AVRDUDE http www nongnu org avrdude AVRDUDE is free and included in the WinAVR http winavr sourceforge net package To program a hex file onto your AVR you would type something similar to the following into a command prompt cd C BlinkLED Debug avrd
66. s is your programmer s Programming Port and later you will need to pass its name as a parameter to AVRDUDE 5 b Programming AVRs in Mac OS X y If you have an Orangutan or 3pi Robot or wish to use the Pololu AVR C C Library for some other reason we recommend following the Pololu AVR Programming Quick Start Guide http www pololu com docs 0J51 instead of this tutorial Installing CrossPack To program AVRs in Mac OS X you will need the free avr gcc compiler avr libc AVRDUDE and other associated tools 1 Download the CrossPack for AVR Development http www obdev at products crosspack which is packaged as a dmg file 2 Open the dmg file and double click on CrossPack AVR pkg This package will create a sub directory called CrossPack AVR lt version date gt on your hard drive probably under usr local along with a version neutral symbolic link CrossPack AVR referencing the same sub directory It will also add an entry to the PATH environment variable referencing CrossPack AVR bin 3 Programs for the AVR can now be compiled at the command line using the avr gcc C compilers and the avr as assembler For detailed instructions see the CrossPack development manual which is installed in the CrossPack AVR directory along with the tools Using AVRDUDE Once an AVR program has been compiled to a hex file it is ready to be flashed to the AVR The AVRDUDE program which was installed as part of the CrossPack package may be
67. sed 2010 12 9 This version is based on the standard firmware version 1 01 e Special Modified Version 1 02nc released 2010 12 21 This version is very similar to 1 01nc but it has improved support for older versions of Mac OS X e Special Modified Version 1 06nc released 2011 09 16 This version is based on the standard firmware version 1 06 e Special Modified Version 1 07nc released 2012 02 29 This version is based on the standard firmware version 1 07 Determining your firmware version You can determine the firmware version by following the steps below To determine the programmer s revision code in Windows If you only see one entry for the programmer in your Device Manager then you have a special modified firmware version If you see multiple entries for the programmer then you have one of the standard firmware versions and you can determine the exact version number by following these steps 1 Double click on the Pololu USB AVR Programmer entry in the Pololu USB Devices list 9 Upgrading Firmware Page 52 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 2 Inthe Details tab select the Hardware Ids property in the dropdown box 3 The first value displayed should be something like USB VID_1FFB amp PID 0081 amp REV 0101 amp MI_ 04 The number after the REV_ is your revision code If the revision code is 0001 then you have firmware version 1 00 Otherwise your firmware vers
68. stalled 9 Note You will probably want to edit BlinkLED c slightly if the clock frequency of your AVR is not 20 MHz F_CPU should be defined as the clock frequency of your AVR in units of Hz If you do not make this change the timing of delayms will be off but the LED will still blink At this point you should be ready to compile the example program and load it on to the AVR Plug in the programmer and type make You should see output like this usr bin avr gee g Os Wall mcall prologues mmcu atmegal68 c 0o BlinkLED o BlinkLED c usr bin avr gcc g Os Wall mcall prologues mmcu atmegal68 BlinkLED o o BlinkLED obj usr bin avr objcopy R eeprom O ihex BlinkLED obj BlinkLED hex usr bin avrdude c avrispv2 p m168 P dev ttyACMO e avrdude AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions Reading FFT EEE EH TH HEHE EEE EEE EE HE EEE EE EE EEEEEEEEEEE EEE 100 0 08s avrdude Device signature 0x1le9406 avrdude erasing chip avrdude safemode Fuses OK avrdude done Thank you usr bin avrdude c avrispv2 p m168 P dev ttyACMO U flash w BlinkLED hex avrdude stk500 2 ReceiveMessage timeout avrdude AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions Reading tetra ar ar ae GRAO EEE EE HEE EE EEE EEEEEEEEEEE 100 0 03s avrdude Device signature 0xle9406 avrdude NOTE FLASH memory has been specified an erase cycle will be performed To disable this feature specify the D option avrdude e
69. t lor MacOS La aida eee are Se a bw eo A ee ee ore tad 38 5 b Programming AVRs in Mac OSX 2 bd eee ek ee AR AA A A ia a a 39 6 Communicating via the USB to TTL Serial Adapter 2 ee 41 6 a Communicating via the Serial Control Lines a a a a ee 43 7 Measuring Voltages Using the SLO scope 2 2 2 a 46 S Aro DIES ROODE ALDEAS A a AE A AA AA AAA A oS 49 Do Uperadins Fim W ALC to a ad a a a SO Bees 52 Page 2 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation 1 Overview The Pololu USB AVR programmer http www pololu com product 1300 is a programmer for Atmel s AVR microcontrollers and controller boards based on these MCUs such as Pololu Orangutan robot controllers http www pololu com category 8 robot controllers and the 3pi robot http www pololu com product 975 The programmer emulates an STK500 on a virtual serial port making 1t compatible with standard AVR programming software Two additional features help with building and debugging projects a TTL level serial port for general purpose communication and a SLO scope for monitoring signals and voltage levels Please note that this guide applies to Pololu s second generation AVR programmer pictured to the left below not the original similar looking Orangutan USB programmer http www pololu com product 740 pictured to the right bb rae TEL o ry h Ld ge af Sa Ger D a r ky nipt l 19 coh OL nat iy B
70. th the Windows drivers Section 3 a and can be installed by running the installation batch file sloscope_installer bat 9 Windows Vista right click on s oscope_installer bat and select Run as administrator Windows XP simply double click on sloscope_installer bat At this time the SLO scope can only be used under the Windows operating system Once installation is complete the application should begin running automatically Note that the application will give you an error message and close if a programmer is not connected to your computer To start the SLO scope application yourself open the Start menu and navigate to All Programs gt Pololu gt SLO scope 7 Measuring Voltages Using the SLO scope Page 46 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation The SLO scope application was written as a Visual C 2008 project SLO scope client C source code http www pololu com file download sloscope_client_100330 zip file_id 0J335 56k zip Using the Pololu SLO scope Application This application connects to the programmer streams data from the SLO scope and provides the basic functionality of a 10 or 20 kHz oscilloscope Pololu SLO scope Mode Charmel gt Chane ES Triggering 5 28 b Analog Channels 10kHz LO Vide 10 2 Vide Rising Edge e C 17 64 Analog Channel 1 Digital Channel AlkHz Oa Ce Honzonial scale 27 2 mad Lewet 3916 5 mv Ma A 4 89 Mna 0000 Y Max E 4801 Y Min B
71. ude p m328p P COM2 c avrispv2 U flash w BlinkLED hex e The argument following the p is the part number of the AVR For an Orangutan or 3p1 Robot the part number should be m328p m1284p m324p m644p m168 or m48 e The argument following the P is the port name You can determine your programmer s port name by looking in the Ports COM amp LPT list of your Device Manager for Pololu USB AVR Programmer Programming Port Using USBSEROOO will also usually work e The argument following the c is the programmer protocol and should be avrispv2 e The U option is used for writing reading or verifying flash EEPROM fuses or lock bits In this example we are using U to write BlinkLED hex to flash Please see the AVRDUDE documentation http www nongnu org avrdude user manual avrdude html for more detailed information Y AVRDUDE s terminal mode the t option is not compatible with the programmer because the programmer will exit programming mode and release the target AVR from reset if it receives no programming commands for 1400 ms 3 e Configuring the Programmer The Pololu USB AVR programmer can be configured using the Pololu USB AVR Programmer Configuration Utility for Windows The utility comes with the Windows drivers Section 3 a You can run it from your Start Menu or by just double clicking on the executable pgm03a_config exe This section describes all the available settings and what they do 3 Getti
72. under the Port Settings tab If the programmer has problems connecting to the target AVR e The most common cause for this problem is an incorrect connection between your programmer and your target device If the ISP pins are misaligned between the programmer and the target AVR the two will not be 8 Troubleshooting Page 49 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 8 Troubleshooting able to communicate Please make sure that the ISP pins as numbered in Section 1 a are correctly connected between your AVR and your programmer 1 e 1 goes to 1 2 goes to 2 etc e The target AVR must be powered for programming to work Please make sure that your target device has power and is turned on If you are using AVR Studio 5 or Atmel Studio you can get a reading of your AVR s VCC voltage by clicking the Read button next to the Target Voltage box in the upper right corner of the Device Programming dialog e Ifthe target AVR is running at a voltage lower than 5 V you may need to decrease the minimum allowed target VDD setting using the configuration utility Section 3 e Please note that you might need to take additional special steps to safely program an AVR that is running off of a voltage below VUSB 0 5 V e Your programmer s ISP frequency must be less than a quarter of your target AVR s clock frequency but frequencies that are too low can result in timeouts The default frequency of 200 kHz should work for most AVRs Tr
73. used for this purpose To see the full command line syntax for AVRDUDE type avrdude help at the command line or consult the AVRDUDE documentation http www nongnu org avrdude user manual avrdude html Typical usage would be as follows avrdude p lt partno gt c avrisp2 P lt port gt U flash w lt filename gt hex For example 5 Getting Started in Mac OS X Page 39 of 54 Pololu USB AVR Programmer User s Guide 2001 2014 Pololu Corporation avrdude p m328p c avrisp2 P dev cu usbmodem00022331 U flash w test hex If all goes well the output should look something like this avrdude AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions Reading FHT EE EHH THEE HE EEE EEE HE HE HEE EE EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 100 0 01s avrdude Device signature 0xle950f avrdude NOTE FLASH memory has been specified an erase cycle will be performed To disable this feature specify the D option avrdude erasing chip avrdude reading input file test hex avrdude input file test hex auto detected as Intel Hex avrdude writing flash 3392 bytes Writing FHFFHEEEEEEEEEE EEE EE EEE arar rara 100 0 88s avrdude 3392 bytes of flash written avrdude verifying flash memory against test hex avrdude load data flash data from input file test hex avrdude input file test hex auto detected as Intel Hex avrdude input file test hex contains 3392 bytes avrdude reading on chip flash data Reading FHHFTHTTTTTTTT TTT TTT
74. y setting the ISP frequency to 200 kHz using the configuration utility Section 3 e or by supplying the B 3 option to AVRDUDE e Ifthe red error LED is on solid then run the configuration utility Section 3 e to determine the cause of the error e There may be a problem with the target device It is possible to kill a device with a static shock by incorrectly connecting power or by programming the fuses incorrectly There could also be a short or cut trace somewhere on your target device The ideal way to test for this is to try programming a different device with your USB AVR programmer or try using a different programmer to program your target device If this is not an option try verifying that the target device is still functional and perform some continuity tests to check for shorts or disconnections on the ISP programming lines Don t forget to check the 6 pin ISP cable for shorts as well If dev ttyACMO or dev ttyACM1 do not exist in Linux e Try closing all programs using the programmer unplugging the programmer and plugging it back in e Ifthe programmer is connected the 1susb command should output a line like this the important thing is the 1ffb 0081 Bus 002 Device 002 ID 1ffb 0081 e Ifthe CDC ACM driver detected the programmer when it was plugged in then the dmesg command should have some output like this 26 378771 build buildd linux 2 6 24 drivers usb class cdc acm c This device cannot do calls on its own It

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