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1. Emulator Pod e Personality Daughter Board e RS 232 Cable e CEPIC software Emulator Pod The emulator pod carries all the circuitry of the emulator It consists of two boards The main emulator board containing all the logic circuitry and the personality daughter board Personality Daughter Board Within the Emulator Pod the personality daughter board plugs on to the main emulator board This board contains the core emulator processor e g 16C01 2 and the appropriate emulation device PIC16CXX e g 16C71 ME thus providing the peripheral functions for the system to enable emulation Note the 14pin XTAL module may be replaced with an equivalent type at any specific frequency the user desires frequency range limits 32khz 20MHz This board provides connection to the header cable which connects to the target application board The daughter board contains various jumper links For a description of the function of these please refer to Appendix Daughter Board Configuration at the back of this manual Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide ICEPIC Software The ICEPIC Software runs under Microsoft Windows 3 11 or higher environment and provides a user friendly interface A Windows95 is under development at the time of this manual being written This will provide a 32bit interface operating system for use under Win95 and Win NT Internet Access The latest version of ICEPIC Windows s
2. 42 ICEPIC User s Guide Real Time Trace ALT O R Using this command the user can select the Option to capture the dummy 2nd cycle cycle s into the Trace buffer Some of the PIC16Cxx Microcontrollers are executed in 2 Cycles whenever there is an address jump like CALL GOTO etc Selecting the Option to capture the 2nd cycle captures the address bus during this 2nd cycle This option to trace the 2nd cycle is most useful for counting the total number of cycles executed Capture 2nd Cycle Cancel This command is applicable only for ICEPIC II model Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 43 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Directories ALT 1 This function allows the default path of various directories to be set It should be used when debugging a C Language program Directory Path Settings Help Path DAICEPICAAUNICEPIC HLP Library Path DAICEPICAUNICEPIC LIB The Working Path contains the path of the source files The Help Path contains the path of the online help files The Library Path contains the path of the library files Colour ALT C Colours of both text and background for all windows can be customized for the ICEPIC To set the colors of each window click the right mouse button in the desired window and select the colour option from the floating menu Font ALT Currently unimplemented All fonts are currently of fixed length and use the
3. 28 ICEPIC User s Guide Step Over ALT D O This function executes the subroutine function call If the current instruction is a CALL the processor will halt If the instruction at the current location is not a CALL then a normal single step function Step Into is executed Use this function to check the flow of the program and avoid going into an already debugged subroutine Hot Key F9 Use the toolbar button Step Out ALT D U When executed this function runs the processor until it returns from the current subroutine function call In other words the processor comes out of the innermost function call If the processor is not in any function call then this command is treated the same as a normal single step Step Into function Hot Key e F10 Use the toolbar button Run To Cursor ALT D N When executed thus function runs the processor as described below In Editor Runs the processor until the cursor position In Code Memory Window Runs the processor until the highlighted location This menu function is disabled when none of the above window s are inactive Hot Key e F11 Use the toolbar button d Animate ALT D A This function is essentially a continuous single step mode The processor executes one instruction at a time continuously until halted by the user In essence it is a slow motion execution of the processor NOTE By default after each instruction a
4. Go ALT D G 26 26 Halt ALT D H 27 Reset ALT D R 27 Step Into ALT D S 27 Step Over ALT D 28 Step Out ALT D U 28 Run To Cursor ALT D N 28 Animate ALT D A 28 Toggle Breakpoint ALT D T 29 Break Points ALT D B 29 Clear All Breaks ALT D C 30 Add Watch Variable ALT D W 30 Add Quick Watch ALT D 32 Modify Register ALT D M 33 Modify Code Memory ALT D F 33 Reset System ALT D Y 33 Qualifiers Menu ALT Toggle Break Point ALT T B 34 34 Break Range ALT Q B 34 Toggle Trace Point ALT Q A 34 Trace Range ALT QT 35 Toggle Trigger Out ALT Q G 35 Trigger Out Range ALT Q 35 Clear All Qualifiers ALT C 35 Tools Menu ALT T Assemble ALT T A 35 36 36 Compile ALT T C Programmer ALT T P 36 Editor ALT T E 36 Calculator ALT 36 Options Menu ALT Project ALT O P 37 37 Debug ALT O D 38 Code Download ALT OL 40 Real Time Trace ALT O R 42 Directories ALT O I 43 Colour ALT 43 Font ALT O F 43 Tools ALT 43 View Menu ALT V Toolbar ALT V L 45 45 Status
5. OSC Input Internal or External Source ICEPIC amp ICEPIC2 Daughter Board Link Configuration 87 ICEPIC Jnr 5X Link Configuration 88 ICEPIC Jnr 16 EmulatorBoard Link Configuration 88 Appendix Emulation Limitations Warning 89 89 Processor Specific Limitations 89 ICEPIC System Specific Limitations 89 ICEPIC Oscillator Clock Limitations 90 RF Solutions Ltd Pannetts Building Railway Lane Lewes East Sussex BN7 2AQ England Tel 44 1273 488 880 Fax 44 1273 480 661 Email icepic pavilion co uk http www rfsolutions co uk 5 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC User s Guide Chapter 1 Introduction Welcome Thank you for purchasing the ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator system The ICEPIC range of In Circuit Emulators are fully modular Real Time In Circuit Emulator ICE systems for use with Microchip Technology s PIC series of Microcontrollers The original ICEPIC was a concept from two Ex Microchip personnel Amar Palacherla formerly Development kit designer and original designer of Microchip s PIC Master In Circuit Emulator and John Fairall formerly Applications Manager and Sales Manager for ASIA Pacific Our target was to produce a fully functional In Circuit emulator system with an easy operating IDE Integrated Development Environment The aim was to market the tool at an affordable price particularly when compared to the cost of the PIC microcontroller
6. Memory Window is active This command is applicable only for ICEPIC II model Hot Key Ctrl Trigger Out Range ALT Set or clear tracepoints with an address range The End address must not be less than the Start address Symbolic address labels can be entered This command is applicable only for ICEPIC II model Clear All Qualifiers ALT Q C Clears out all qualifier points i e removes all break trace amp trigger output points Hot Key Ctrl Shift A C Tools Menu ALT T The following commands are available under this menu Options Assemble Compile Programmer External Editor This menu contains functions which launch various tools Before being able to execute these tools they must first be setup in the Options Tools menu command 35 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 35 36 ICEPIC User s Guide Assemble ALT T A Executes the assembler program By default MPASM assembler is used runs under a DOS Window To assemble a program edit the Option Tools menu and add the command line parameter to the Assembler section Compile ALT T C Executes the C Compiler program By default MPC compiler from Byte Craft is used runs under a DOS Window To compile a program edit the Option Tools menu and add the command line parameter to the Compiler section Programmer ALT T P Executes the programmer By default Microchip PROMATE is used runs under a DOS Wind
7. box displays the current active breakpoints To remove a breakpoint select the desired item and click on the Delete button or simply double click the item to be deleted Add Button A breakpoint is set and added to the breakpoint list at the address entered in the Location box Delete Button Deletes the breakpoint at the address entered in the Location box Delete All Button Clears all breakpoints Hot Key Ctrl B Clear All Breaks ALT D C Removes all break points the code memory window is updated Add Watch Variable ALT D W This menu command enables variables to be entered into the watch window When selected this menu brings up a dialog box as shown below Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Add Watch Yariable Symbols Watch Opcode piel Variable This is a text field in which the variable address or a valid symbol must be entered The variable address can be any valid Data File Register of the target processor If symbolic information is available symbols are shown in the Symbols list box To add this variable to the watch window click on the Add button Symbols This listbox displays all the currently loaded symbols except code address labels A watch point can be set on any of these symbols To set a watchpoint select the desired symbol and click on the Add button or simply double click the symbol Watch This list box displays all the
8. clipboard and can be pasted into other text editor window or into other applications Data File Register Window All the data file registers are copied to the clipboard both in text format and as OLE 2 data links This data can be pasted into any other application as normal text using the PASTE command If the application into which data is being pasted is OLE 2 aware like EXCEL 5 WORD 6 etc then PASTE LINK or PASTE SPECIAL commands can be used to hot link the data If the pasted data is linked then any change in Data Ram in ICEPIC is automatically reflected in the pasted application Hot Key e CTRL C Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Paste ALT E P Inserts the text from the Windows Clipboard into the text editor windows at the current cursor position Only text can be pasted This function is available only in the text editor window s Hot Key e CTRL V Find ALT E F Opens a dialog box to find the desired text The text can be searched forwards or backwards through a file for a certain pattern of text See Appendix A for details of search operations metacharacters and regular search expressions Options Direction x Case Sensitive e Forward X Regular Expression Backwards Find Next ALT EN Finds the next occurrence of the previously selected text using the Find menu command 21 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 21 ICEPIC User s G
9. encountered in the class then all characters starting from the character before the dash and ending with the character after the dash will be included in the class For instance a e will match a b c d or e a ex z will match a through e or x through z c1 c2 Matches any character NOT IN the class For instance a z will match any character which is not in lower case Takes the next character literally This is called an escape character If the next character after the backslash is a c a digit or a parenthesis the sequence is equivalent to one of the metacharacters discussed below 58 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Anchors the match at the beginning of the line For instance abc finds a line which begins with abc The match succeeds if at the end of the line For instance abc finds a line which ends with abc alb Matches pattern a or pattern b c Ifthe match was successful places the cursor at that position a Tags pattern lt a gt This tag can be referred to in subsequent parts of the search pattern or in the substitution pattern n Refers to the tagged pattern n N is a number from 1 to 9 Parenthesizes an expression The following shortcut patterns have been pre defined and are available for you to use Meaning Equivalent pattern alphanumeric character 2 2
10. is 2 1 This says that you want the new replacement pattern to be the first matched pattern dog followed by followed by the second matched pattern cat To show a more powerful example you can have the search pattern a z gt prev a z and the substitution pattern 2 gt next M The pattern will match a sequence of lower case letters followed by gt next followed by another sequence of lower case letters followed by a semi colon The first sequence of lower case letters that is matched is tagged as 1 and the second sequence of lower case letters is tagged as 2 This would change the line currentline gt prev newline newline gt next currentline 61 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 61 ICEPIC User s Guide HOME CTRL HOME END CTRL END PGUP CTRL PGUP PGDN CTRL PGDN LEFT CTRL LEFT RIGHT CTRL RIGHT UP CTRL UP DOWN CTRL DOWN INSERT SH INSERT CTRL INSERT DELETE SH DELETE CTRL DELETE TAB SH TAB BACKSPACE CTRL V CTRL X CTRL Z F3 Editor Keyboard Commands Move cursor to start of line Move cursor to first character in buffer Move cursor to end of line Move cursor to last character in buffer Scroll up one page Move cursor to previous paragraph Scroll down one page Move cursor to next paragraph Move left one character Move to the previous word Move right one character Move to the next word Move cursor up one line Move to first char
11. itself Developed under contract from Microchip the ICEPIC was designed as a modular system to enable future upgrades as new PIC microcontrollers are released There are four ICEPIC systems to choose from ICEPIC Jnr 5X ICEPIC Jnr 16 ICEPIC and ICEPIC2 All ICEPIC systems have been designed to be compatible with Microchip s own software tools and will continue to be in the future New daughterboards are in design and we look forward to providing emulation for new PIC microcontrolllers as they are released The salient features of the emulator are Real Time Non Intrusive Execution 8K words of emulation Memory expandable to 16K Full speed real time emulation Single step Automated single steps Source level debugging both assembly amp C Symbolic debug capability Same user interface for all PIC16CXX processors 8K Hardware break points Custom watch points Watch and modify multi byte registers Microsoft Windows 3 1 Compatible 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 OLE Automation for custom programming In addition ICEPIC2 offers 4K words of Real Time Trace Memory Hardware Trigger Output e PIC17Cxx Emulation We trust that you will find it to be an invaluable tool and welcome any comments you may have 6 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Product Definition ICEPIC Jnr 5X The components of the system are Emulator Circuit Board e RS 232 Cable e Probe Header Cables e ICEPIC so
12. program counter value 1 indicates error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation pc ICEPIC GetPC Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 65 66 ICEPIC User s Guide GetRam Purpose To get the Data Ram value at desired RAM address Parameters 1 Address of the desired RAM Location a 2 byte value Return Value A 2 byte value Data of the requested RAM address 1 indicates error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation Data ICEPIC GetRam Addr Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide 67 SetRam Purpose To modify the data of a certain Data RAM File registers location Parameters 1 RAM address a 2 byte value 2 RAM Data a 2 byte value Return Value 1 Successful 0 Error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation bSuccess ICEPIC SetRam addr data Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 67 68 ICEPIC User s Guide IsHalted Purpose To check if the processor is halted or is still running This status check is useful when writing some custom macros For example one may program to Run the processor and then check to see if the processor is halted before a Data Ram location is read Parameters None Return Value 1 Halted 0 Not Halted Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation bHalted ICEPIC IsHalted Ver 2
13. up jumper Link 3 LK3 on the daughter board is enabled Clock may be absent Make sure the Clock Oscillator on the daughter board is connected ICEPIC system cannot read or control the target processor without this clock Attempt to halt while the processor is in sleep mode If the processor is in sleep mode by executing a SLEEP instruction the only way to make the processor halt is to bring the processor out of sleep mode reset interrupt etc Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 81 ICEPIC User s Guide Appendix E Serial Communication The ICEPIC interfaces to the host computer via RS232 connection A standard DB9 connector is used The following tables give the connection requirements PC Serial Port ICEPIC PC Serial Port ICEPIC DB25 DB9F DB9 DB9F 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 Any port supported by MS Windows The port is selectable from the software No dip settings are necessary Baud Rate 2400 bps to 57600 bps Selected from software No dip switches need to be set The emulator system detects baud rate automatically Parity None Fixed cannot be selected by the user Data Bits Fixed to 8 bits Cannot be set by the user Stop Bits 1 Stop Bit Cannot be selected by the user Software Receive Buffer Fixed to 2048 bytes Software Transmit Buffer Fixed to 2048 bytes Firmware Buffer Fixed to 64 bytes How to Achieve High Baud Rates Use an Car
14. you specify wild cards in the command line UNIX carries the class of expressions further For a good discussion of regular expressions please see the book Software Tools by Kerningham and Ritchie published by Addison Wesley UNIX is a trademark of AT amp T Metacharacters When you invoke the search command the editor will ask you for the text to search for Certain characters have a special meaning in the search pattern that you type These characters are referred to as metacharacters Metacharacters should not be an alien concept to you You have used metacharacters in DOS when you use the command DIR R DOC the asterisk is a metacharacter which means match 0 or more characters Here is a list of metacharacters which you can use when you type a pattern to search for c Matches the character c For example abc will match an a followed by a b followed by a c Matches any single character For example a c will match an a followed by any character followed by a c Matches zero or more occurrences of the previous character or metacharacter For instance ab will find an a followed by zero or more b s Matches more occurrences of the previous character or metacharacter For instance ab will find an a followed by one or more b s c1 c2 A character class Matches any character within the class You can list any characters within the class If there is adash
15. 0 91 sb whitespace character t De alphabetic character a zA Z d numeric character 0 9 h hex number 0 9a fA F 23r integer 0 9 valid identifier a zA Z_ a zA Z_0 9 4 DW word a zA Z IMPORTANT To search for a colon you must prefix it with a backslash i e 59 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 59 ICEPIC User s Guide EXAMPLES OF SEARCH PATTERNS abc abc abc A Z 0 9 A Za z0 9 be t ab c ab cc ab c abc Matches abc Matches a line with no characters the beginning of the line followed by the end of the line Matches a line which starts with abc Matches a line which contains only abc Matches a capital letter followed by a digit Matches a character which is not alphanumeric Matches be followed by any character followed by a t i e bert belt bent Matches a followed by zero or more b s followed by ac Same as above but places the cursor over the c after the match is completed The c places the cursor at the position after ab is matched Matches ab c Note that tells the pattern matcher to take the asterisk literally Searches for one or more occurrences of abc A Z A Z Matches a capitalized word iflelse ifjelse for abc 0 9 1 A Z 4 2 1 60 Matches the word if or the word else Matches if or else
16. 1 i Must be connected between 2 amp 3 ICEPIC DB62X Link 1 amp 2 Must be connected between 2 amp 3 ICEPIC DB71 1 Link 1 amp 2 Link 3 Link 7 Must be connected between 2 amp 3 For emulation of 16C61 to turn off the A D set Link between 1 amp 2 ICEPIC DB715 Link 1 amp 2 Must be connected between 2 amp 3 1 N A JA ICEPIC DB84A Link1 amp 2 Always be connected between 1 amp 2 Notes 1 When using the A D converter the system 5 supply is connected to the Analogue Vdd If the user wishes to supply a higher precision low noise voltage to the AVdd pin then the link may be removed and the external Analogue Power Supply fed in directly to pin 2 Care must be taken not to exceed the normal power ratings of the AVdd pin 2 Jumper Link J7 is currently unused 3 J8 provides a link to enable the OSC2 CLKOUT centre pin 2 signal of the target probe cable to be connected to either the OSC2 CLKOUT pin 1 of the 16C02 or the OSC module output pin 1 This provides a direct output of the OSC Module signal to the target cable 87 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 87 ICEPIC User s Guide ICEPIC Jnr 5X Link Configuration OSC Mod osc Link 6 Link A amp B de Link 1 amp 2 N A N A Emulation of PIC12C508 amp 509 The user must note that there is no special bond out chip available for the 12C50x p
17. 14 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 47 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide The view on the left side displays the source code if available and the view on the right hand side displays the disassembled code The solid bar separating the two views can be dragged either left or right to adjust the size To set or clear a breakpoint at a desired location select the desired line and press F2 or use the toggle breakpoint toolbar button The breakpoints are shown coloured Red The current program counter is displayed with gt gt at left end of the window left of the address field Various other functions specific to these views can be accessed by using the floating menu The floating pop up menu is activated by clicking the Right Mouse Button in this window These menu items are explained below Go Toggle Break Point Clear All Breaks Modify Code Memory Open Source File Background Color Text Color The Open Source File menu command opens the source code file by running the editor The source file opened depends on the currently selected location in the code memory window The Background and Text Color menus allow the colours to be set All other menus are described elsewhere in this chapter SFR ALT V R This window displays the Special Function Register s names and their HEX amp DECIMAL values The value of the register can be modified by selecting the desired SFR entering the new val
18. 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 69 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide DownLoad Purpose To download a COD File to the emulator The action is same as using the File Download command from the ICEPIC Parameters 1 Astring containing the name of the file to be downloaded The path and file name must be valid The file extension is optional defaulting to COD Return Value 1 Successful 0 Error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation bSuccess ICEPIC DownLoad c oletest fun cod Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 69 70 ICEPIC User s Guide FillCodeMem Purpose To modify the program memory location s with the desired opcode Parameters 1 A 2 byte value for the Start address of the program memory to be modified 2 A2 byte value for the End address of the program memory to be modified 3 A2 byte value of the new desired opcode to be filled with Return Value 1 Successful 0 Error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation bSuccess ICEPIC FillCodeMem 10 20 0 This instruction will fill code memory from address 10 to 20 with zeros NOPs Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 71 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide BreakPoint Purpose To set or clear a program memory address break point Parameters 1 A 2 byte value of the program memory address at which the break point is to be set cleared 2 Pass 1 to set a br
19. ASM DMCEPICAURNRTEST DEMO COD 4 DAICEPIC2 UKTEST_C MPC_DEMO LST Exit Alt F4 Load Object File ALT F L Loads Object files generated by MPASM MPC and downloads code memory to emulator The default file type is COD Optionally one may choose Intel Hex HEX files generated by either MPASM or another tool Select The File To DownLoad File Name Directories dAicetestdemo1874 demo74 cod E dA Cancel icetest e gt demo1674 List Files of Type MPASM Files cod The COD file is automatically generated by the MPASM assembler and MPC C compiler The download to emulation memory is aborted if serial errors occur or if the COD file is invalid After successful download to the emulator system the CODE Window is updated with new data Upon download certain actions to be performed like opening listing file for source level debug can be set using the Options Code Download menu Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 17 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide NOTE Symbolic amp Source Level debug functions are available only when using COD files generated by MPASM MPC Accelerators Use Toll Bar Button CTRL Save File Registers ALT F R Saves all Data File Registers data memory window in a user specified file The data is saved in a text file ASCII format and can be edited using any standard editor The data is saved as HEX values T
20. Bar ALT V B 46 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC User s Guide Code Memory ALT V C 46 SFR ALT VR 47 Data File Registers ALT V D 48 Call Stack ALT V S 48 EEPROM Data ALT V E 49 Real Time Trace ALT V T 49 Watch Window ALT V W 50 Debug Window ALT V 50 Window Menu ALT W 51 Cascade ALT WC 51 Tile Horizontally ALT W 51 Tile Vertically ALT W V 51 Arrange Icons 51 Help Menu ALT H 52 Index ALT H I 52 Using Help ALT U 52 About ICEPIC Emulator ALT A 52 Chapter 4 Diagnostics 53 Appendix A Text Editor amp Source Level Debug 56 Source Debug Features 56 Text Searching 58 Editor Keyboard Commands 62 Appendix B Programming ICEPIC 63 Introduction 63 Exposed Objects 63 64 GetPC 65 GetRam 66 SetRam 67 IsHalted 68 DownLoad 69 FillCodeMem 70 BreakPoint 71 ClearBreaks 72 GetEEprom 73 SetEEprom 74 Excel Automation Example 75 Visual Basic Code VBA 75 Automatic Data Links 77 Appendix C Additional Features of ICEPIC2 79 Appendix D Troubleshooting 81 4 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Appendix E Serial Communication Appendix F Data Types and Formats Appendix G Power Supply Warning 82 84 85 85 Appendix H User Configuration Links OSC Mod Config 86 86 MCLR 86 86
21. C In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Appendix Emulation Limitations 89 Warning Care must be taken to avoid exposing the Target probe cable to any excessive static or reverse voltage The Microchip emulation devices 16C01 2 16CXXME etc do not contain the same high voltage protection on their I O lines as the standard PIC Microcontrollers Extra care is therefore advised when handling the ICEPIC system in particular the ICEPIC Daughterboards Due to the nature of the emulator system and the emulator bond out chips there are a few situations where true emulation is not possible The following section describes them Processor Specific Limitations Watchdog timer is emulated only when running in real time It is held in reset during single steps Power On Reset POR conditions are not emulated The bond out emulator chip is always powered on by the ICEPIC system Thus PCON register of PIC16Cxx is not emulated The TO amp PD bits may not correctly show the power up conditions Power up Timer is not emulated Oscillator Startup Timer is not emulated Cannot emulate on chip EPROM programming 9 o Modifying PORTB of PIC16Cxx is not immediately reflected onto the I O pins during a HALT state if the Freeze Peripherals On Halt is selected At least one single step or run in real time is necessary Interrupts are not recognized during HALT state When the processor is in SLEEP state HALT is not recog
22. EPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Chapter 3 Menu Commands Quick Reference Each menu command is briefly described in the table below A detailed description of each command is given later in this chapter Load Object File Downloads the selected object code to emulator Save File Registers Saves all the File Registers of the processor to the selected file Save miel Hex Fi New Source Open Source Close Save Save AS Pit Print Setup gt Exit Quits the program and holds the emulator system in reset state Undo Undo the last action in the editor Cut Cut the current selection Copy Copy the selection to clipboard Past Find Find New Replace Match Brace Tab Stops Sets tab length in the editor Configure Menu Emulator System Selects the target processor and various settings of the processor Selects the desired COM port and baud rate Load Workspace Loads a previously saved workspace setting from the selected file Save Workspace Saves the current workspace setting to a file Debug Menu Run the processor in real time Hal he processor Reset he process 13 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC User s Guide Step i Step Over Step Ou Run To Curso Animate Toggle eiert Breakpoinis Clear Al Breaks Add Watch Variable Add Quick Watch Vodiy Register Vodiy Code Memory System Reset Reset the system placing the emulator system in a power up state Compie Programme
23. File Open Dialog Box appears Select the desired text file to open the file for editing or Source Level Debugging using the internal editor Any text file can be opened The default file extensions are listed in File Types However any extension can be forced open For further information see chapter on built in editor Accelerators CTRL O Close ALT F C Closes the current source code text window If the file is modified the user is prompted for a save option Press Cancel button to abort this action Press OK to continue to close down after saving If the file is a newly created file untitled then a dialog box standard file save as dialog appears asking for a new file name Save ALT F S Saves the file in the current window using the existing file name The previous contents of the file are overwritten To save the file to a new location use Save As menu command Accelerators CTRL 5 Save As ALT F A Opens a File Save As dialog box to save the contents of the currently active editor window to the desired file Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 19 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Print ALT F P Prints the contents of the currently active editor window using the active printer The whole document is directed to the printer To change the default printer or its settings use Print Setup menu command Hot Key Use the toolbar button Print Setup ALT F R Us
24. ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator VAR EERO User s Guide Microsoft Windows Version RF Solutions Ltd amp NeoSoft Inc ICEPIC User s Guide Contents Contents 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 6 Welcome 6 Product Definition 7 ICEPIC Software 9 Internet Access 9 Host Computer Requirements 9 Warranty Registration 10 CE Compliance 10 Chapter 2 Installation 11 Hardware Installation 11 Removal of Daughter Board 11 Installation of Daughter Board 11 Configuration of Daughter Board 11 Software Installation 12 Chapter 3 Menu Commands 13 Quick Reference 13 File Menu ALT F 16 Load Object File ALT F L 16 Save File Registers ALT F R 17 Save To Intel Hex File ALT F I 17 New Source ALT F N 17 Open Source ALT F O 18 Close ALT F C 18 Save ALT F S 18 Save As ALT 18 Print ALT F P 19 Print Setup ALT F R 19 Exit 19 Edit Menu ALT E 20 Undo ALT E U 20 Cut ALT E T 20 Copy ALT E C 20 Paste ALT E P 21 Find ALT E F 21 Find Next ALT E 21 Replace ALT E R 22 Match Bracket ALT E B 22 Edit Tab Stops ALT E S 22 2 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Configure Menu ALT C Emulator System 23 23 Serial Port 24 Load Workspace 25 Save Workspace 25 Debug Menu ALT D
25. Note that the first pane also displays a brief help on each command For example select a menu and watch the help string being displayed in the status bar Code Memory ALT V C Opens the Code Memory Program memory window This window displays the downloaded code memory current break points and the current program counter location The user can set or clear breakpoints directly from this window The code window has two views one showing the source code and the other showing the disassembled code Source code from the user source file is displayed if the default COD file is used If no source code information is available disassembled code is displayed A typical code window appears below DAICEPIC2 FIRMWARE CE_INICEPIC PE Err Xx0000 0 158 BSF pclath 0 3 0 158 BSF 0 0 3 00001 0x2800 0 00 02800 GOTO 0 00 00002 00000 0 0000 0x0003 0 0000 0x0000 NOP 0 0004 0 158 INT Vector BSF pclath 0x3 0 158 BSF 0 0 3 00005 0x281F GOTO 0 1 0 281 GOTO 0 1 0 0006 0 303 Std ck MOVLU TempMaxBanH 0x303 0x3 0 0007 0 00 6 MOVUF TX Data 0x0007 Ox 6 MOVVF 0x46 z 22233 ALL Put T 0x2233 CALL 0x233 0x0009 0x3002 MOVLY pcl 0x3002 0x02 0 000 0 00 6 MOVUF TX Data 0x00C6 MOVVF 0x46 Ox000B 0x2233 CALL PutChar 0x2233 CALL 0x233 0 000 0 0008 RETURN 0 0008 0x000D 0x2014 fnReset CALL Reset 0x2014 CALL 0x
26. PIC Daughter board is driven from an EXT source CMOS TTL output Oscillator Module which feeds into OSC1 so if you connect the Links to RC mode you should see the 1 4 frequency on OSC2 Caution must be observed if the target probe is connected the target board and you have additional oscillator circuitry on the target board MCLR This link connects a weak pull up resistor 27k to the emulator MCLR input This link must be connected to enable the emulator to operate unless a target application circuit is connected with a working pull up resistor or reset circuit It may be removed when running in real time thus truly emulating a reset condition Generally the MCLR link may be left connected for normal operation with or without a target application board connected OSC Input Internal or External Source This link enables the user to select the clock from either the on board User changeable OSC Module INT position or from the clock on OSC1 pin 1 of the users target board EXT position Due to the inherent nature of emulators and cables use of an XTAL on a users target board cannot be guaranteed For reliable operation we recommend using the INT option Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide ICEPIC amp ICEPIC2 Daughter Board Link Configuration Daughter SOSC1 amp MCLR OSC I P Link 6 See Board SOSC2 ICEPIC DB5X Link 1 amp 2 ICEPIC DB55X Link 1 amp 2 J1 J
27. Right Mouse Button to access a floating menu to set colors Call Stack ALT V S The Call Stack window displays the stack of the processor A typical view of the stack window is shown below Call Stack ia ame Display Function N Checking the Display Function Name displays the function call corresponding to each stack value Clicking on the GOTO button will bring the function into view if the Code Memory Window is opened PIC16C5x Always displays 2 levels of stack irrespective of whether the stack is used or not PIC16Cxx The number of stack levels displayed match the number of CALLs made If stack overflow or underflow stack errors occurs and if extended stack is selected stack Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide levels up to 12 levels are displayed For further information on stack errors see Break On Stack Errors amp Enable Extended Stack To view the corresponding stack location in the code memory window simply select the desired stack location and press the Goto button EEPROM Data ALT V E This window is enabled only if the target processor has on chip EEPROM data memory like the PIC16C84 The data is shown in the window in the form of a tabular grid much like a spreadsheet EEPROM Data Registers Eg The data can be watched and modified either in HEX or DECIMAL formats To modify a certain location select the desired cell click the left mouse but
28. Series etc depending on your system Displays the hardware board revision number Target ID An ID number HEX is displayed This information is for factory testing only ID String An ID string of your system This information is for factory testing only Test Logic Tests various functions of the system logic If the test fails please note down any errors reported and call the factory Test Emulation Memory Tests the emulation RAMs in your ICEPIC system and reports if any errors found Every location of the memory is tested and if an error is encountered on any location it s address expected data and the actual data are reported Test Break Points The break point logic is tested Both the system logic related functions and the emulator bond out chips are tested Test Trace Logic This button is enabled only if your system has hardware trace support Test Target Processor 54 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide The target processor is tested for various functions The user must make sure the system is not connected to his her target application since various I O pins amp Special Function Registers are modified Command Line Parameters The installation program sets the command line parameters for the diagnostics program during installation However if at a later time if the ICEPIC is connected to a different Comm Port the following parameters must set wh
29. Use the toolbar button Add Quick Watch ALT D Q The current word under the cursor in the text editor window is added to Watch Window as a variable If a COD file is loaded then the added variable s data type is automatically selected and represented in the Watch Window For example if the current word in the editor is Motor Speed and it is declared as unsigned long in the C program then the Motor Speed variable is added to Watch Window and is represented as a 2 Byte value Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 33 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Modify Register ALT D M This menu command allows modification of a data file register including Special Function Registers and when selected brings up a dialog box as shown Modify File Register In the Address edit box type in the address of the desired data file registers The address may be entered symbolically In the data window enter the new data and click on the Modify button to modify the register The data can be a multibyte value depending on the selection of Type and Endian For more information on the multibyte values and data types see Appendix E Modify Code Memory ALT D F This menu command allows the modification of a program memory location or to fill the code memory with the desired opcode Modify Code Memory To modify a location enter the desired code memory address in the Start Addr The address can
30. acter in window Move cursor down one line Move to the bottom left corner Toggle insert overstrike mode Paste contents of clipboard Copy marked text Delete the current character Delete the selection or current line Deletes the current word Indent if lines marked Unindent if lines marked Backspace over previous character Paste contents of clipboard Cut into the clipboard Undo last editing operation Repeat last search Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Appendix B Programming ICEPIC Introduction The ICEPIC software can be an automation server program An automation server is an application that exposes programmable objects to other applications which are called automation clients e g Excel amp MS Word Exposing programmable objects enables clients to automate certain functions by directly accessing those objects and using the services they make available The ICEPIC exposes certain functions like Run Step Halt etc as ICEPIC objects For users who want to program ICEPIC to perform certain customized jobs these exposed objects may be very useful For example one may wish to continuously single step the ICEPIC system until a certain RAM location is equal to the desired value with additional condition that the Program Counter PC is equal to a certain value Using these exposed objects one can program to perform complex sequences of tasks This application note d
31. and include1 asm are opened for source level debugging Open Main Source Only When a COD file is downloaded successfully then open main source file only for source level debugging For example if a COD file of Proj COD is downloaded then open only the main source file Proj asm for source level debug even if proj asm has other include files This option is especially useful if there is only one source file and many other include header files Open Listing File Opens the listing file upon a successful download of a COD File This is the recommended way Source debugging using the list file in a C Program using MPC essentially gives a mixed code debug Note that the listing opened as a part of the project cannot be edited and is Read Only Clear All Previous Memory Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide If this option is checked the code memory is cleared to OxFFFF erased EPROM state before downloading new code If unchecked the new code replaces the old code but does not clear other memory locations Clear All Breaks If this option is checked all break points are cleared when ever a file is downloaded to the emulator If unchecked the current break points remain active Reset Vector main If checked upon download of a code from COD file generated by mpc the reset vector is set to main This option does not apply to MPASM assembler generated code The ma
32. anges you have made The Debug File Type has two options COD and Intel Hex It is used to select the default extension of the object files Use of the COD option is recommended The Source File Type sets the default type of the source code Currently only the Assembly Language is used 37 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 37 38 ICEPIC User s Guide Debug ALT O D The debug options menu contains various emulator debug functions These functions affect the hardware functions and are described in detail below Debug Options Halt E Stop Peripherals On Halt C Halt On WDT Overflow Stack Errors x Break On Stack Errors Ki General L Break On Unlnitialized Code Access X Clear Code Memory On File DownLoad x Clear All Breaks On File DownLoad L1 Read All Registers In Animation Mode Stop Peripherals On Halt Check this box if the peripherals like timers PWMs etc are to be frozen when the processor is halted This option can also be set from the Configure Emulator menu This option gives a snapshot of the processor s registers when it is halted However in some rare situations the user may wish to continue to run the peripherals even when the processor is halted For example if the user is running a motor using PWM of PIC16C74 the PWMs will be stuck at either a 1 or 0 when the processor is halted This may put the motor in an undesirable mode To avoid this uncheck this option and the PWM
33. aste Special menu under Edit and select the Link option Single step the ICEPIC and note that any change in the Data File Registers in ICEPIC is automatically reflected in EXCEL both in the Worksheet as well as the Graph 78 Ver 2 2 01997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Appendix C Additional Features of ICEPIC2 In addition to all the features found in ICEPIC the ICEPIC II system has a Real Time Trace and b Trigger Output The real time trace buffer is 4K deep circular and logs on the program flow in Real Time This document describes the features of ICEPIC II and is an add on document to the existing ICEPIC User s manual Only the features not found in ICEPIC are described here 79 Real Time Trace The ICEPIC II has a trace buffer of 4K The buffer is circular meaning that at any time the buffer is overflowed the past data is overwritten If the buffer is overwritten the user can view the latest 4K of data Any number of Hardware trace points can be set within the program memory space The user can select the desired section of program memory to be traced A sample view of the trace buffer window opened by View Real Time Trace menu is shown below The 1st column displays the buffer address the 2nd column displays d if the cycle is a dummy fetch on a 2 cycle instruction like GOTO or CALL The data displayed will be either Source code If
34. ate Windows executable program icediags exe is installed by the installation program onto your hard disk The installation program sets the command line parameters for this program according to your choice of the Comm port during the installation procedure To run this diagnostics program simply double click the icediags icon in the PIC16CXX Tools program group When executed a dialog box as shown below appears Sl ICEPIC Test Menu Test Read System Info Test Emulation Memory Test Break Points Yast Trace Logic Test Target Processor As shown in the above dialog click on the Test All button to test all functions Each block may be tested individually by clicking the desired test button If a function block does not pass the test failure is displayed by Failed instead of Pass Please note down all messages upon a failure so that the factory or an application engineer can assist you in debugging the system Each test button is explained in more detail below Test All Tests all the blocks sequentially 53 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 53 ICEPIC User s Guide Read System Info A detailed configuration information of your ICEPIC system is displayed as shown below System Info Name ICEPIC Series A Hardware Version 001 Firmware Version 001 Trace Support NO Target Board PIC16C5X Series Target ID 8300 ID String 0x4943455049432E412E302E3030312E3030312EFF8300 Name ICEPIC is displayed
35. be entered as a number HEX or DECIMAL or as a label if symbolic information is loaded In the Opcode editbox enter the desired opcode value of a valid assembly language pnemonic and click on the Modify button ICEPIC user interface has an onboard single line assembler and a disassembler If only one location is to be modified the user need not enter any data in the End Addr If a range of locations is to be filled with an opcode enter the end address in the End Addr Tip To modify a code memory location double click the desired location in the code memory window Reset System ALT D Y This menu command performs a system wide reset This function must be used only on error conditions and should not be used to reset the target processor This command puts the complete emulator system in a power up state Use this function if serial errors occur or if the emulator system hardware goes through a power up sequence Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 33 ICEPIC User s Guide Qualifiers Menu ALT Q 34 The following commands are available under this menu Qualifiers Tools Options View Win Toggle Break Point F2 Break Range Toggle Trace Point Ctrl T Trace Range Toggle Trigger Qut Ctrl G Trigger Out Range Clear All Qualifiers Ctrl Shft C This menu contains functions which set clear various qualifiers namely break points trace points amp trigger output points Not all the above men
36. currently active watchpoints To delete a particular watch item select the item to be deleted and click on the Delete button or simply double click the item to be deleted Type The ICEPIC user interface supports data type of BYTE CHAR INT UINT LONG and ULONG These data types are described in detail in Appendix E Select the desired type of data before adding a watchpoint Both PIC16C5x and PIC16Cxx are 8 bit processors All data file registers are 8 bit wide However if multibyte is used higher precision arithmetic can be implemented in software In this situation it may be desirable for the user to watch data of multiple bytes as a single variable For example in PIC16C74 the peripheral Timer 1 is a 16 Bit Timer with low byte implemented at address tmr1l and high byte at address tmr1h tmr1l 1 Instead of watching and modifying them as separate variables the user can add tmr1l as a 16 Bit unsigned value UINT Endian ICEPIC user interface supports watching and modifying data file registers of multibyte length Since this is essentially a software implementation the user interface needs to know if the high byte is at a lower or higher address from the low byte In Big Endian mode high byte is at a higher address than the low byte whereas in the Little Endian mode high byte is at a lower address than the low byte Hot Key Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 31 32 ICEPIC User s Guide e Ctrl W DG
37. d with 16550 processor Older IBM PC compatibles were equipped standard with 8250 UART Newer computers come with 16550 processors esp notebook computers Unlike 8250 the 16550 UARTs have on board 16 byte FIFO which improves the speed of communications MS Windows will have enough time before servicing an interrupt Upgrade your Windows 3 1 to Windows For Workgroups Even if your computer is not networked Windows For Workgroups serial port driver is significantly better Upgrade you computer to at least 8 Mb RAM Remove any screen savers which slows down your Windows operation There are various third party COMM Drivers on the market which are replacements for the standard driver that comes with MS Windows These drivers are supposedly faster but ICEPIC software has not been tested with these drivers 82 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 83 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide What s Your UART e At your DOS prompt e g C enter MSD EXE e Choose Comm Ports e f your serial I O card is equipped with old technology the screen will show 8250 or 16C450 e If you have a high speed UART the screen will show 16C550 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 83 ICEPIC User s Guide Appendix F Data Types and Formats ICEPIC supports the following data types that can be used on data file registers to watch and modify BYTE 8 Bit unsigned value Represents 1 byte Range 0 to 255 CHAR 8 Bit value represented as a c
38. ddr EEdata Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Excel Automation Example A complete example to program ICEPIC from Excel 5 0 is shown below This example shows Buttons attached to various excel macros Using this example you can create more complex operations as your needs require This example file is located under excel sub directory in ICEPIC directory OpenicEPIC f Complex Breakpoint 1 Single Step Until Data At RAM Location RamAddr Match Data Fig 1 1 An Example Excel Spreadsheet Visual Basic Code VBA Dim ICEPIC As Object Sub Form Load Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation End Sub Sub Close Click Set ICEPIC Nothing End Sub Sub Run Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 0 End Sub Sub Halt Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 1 End Sub Sub Reset Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 2 75 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 76 ICEPIC User s Guide End Sub Sub Steplnto Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 3 End Sub Sub StepOver Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 4 End Sub Sub StepOut Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 5 End Sub Sub Animate Click ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 6 End Sub Sub ClearBreaks Click ICEPIC ClearBreaks End Sub Sub DownLoad Click ICEPIC DownLoad CodFileName Text End Sub Sub GetPC Click ActiveCell Value ICEPIC GetPC End Sub Sub GetRamData_Click Do Until ActiveCell Value RamData ICEPIC GetRam Activ
39. dling and operating the equipment Static handling procedures must be observed at all times Emissions may vary depending on the configuration of the equipment Emissions are less when the emulator is configured without the probe header cable connected An increase in emissions is likely when the emulator probe header cable is connected It is the user s responsibility to be aware of the inherent danger of the effect of emissions on other equipment within range of these EMC emissions It is the user s responsibility to take corrective action when operating apparatus likely to be sensitive to electromagnetic emissions e g radio equipment within the vicinity of the emulator 10 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Chapter 2 Installation 11 Hardware Installation Listed below is the procedure for the correct power up sequence 1 Ensure the target cables are properly connected and the Oscillator Module is connected Note the OSC Module is inserted with the correct orientation 2 Connect the ribbon cable header into the target application Note Pin 1 of the ribbon cable is coloured red Pin 1 of the DIP Header connector is adjacent to the red side of the cable 3 Connect the ICEPIC In circuit emulator Power supply Connect the RS 232 cable between host computer and the rear panel of the ICEPIC In circuit emulator pod Turn on the power to the host computer Turn on the p
40. e this command to modify the default settings of the currently selected printer or to select a new printer Exit Ends the emulation session The current settings of the workspace window positions colours etc are saved to the default INI file and are restored automatically later when a new session is begun One may also exit by either of the following Press ALT Spacebar and choose close menu Double click on the program s Control menu Use the Hot Key ALT F4 NOTE When the program is quit the emulator system if connected is held under reset condition Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 19 ICEPIC User s Guide Edit Menu ALT E 20 This menu has the following commands which are fully described below Undo ALT E U Undo the last action in the text editor window This function is used to return to the previous state when an undesired action has been performed This function is available only in the text editor window s Hot Key CTRL Z Cut ALT E T Cuts the selected text in the text editor window and places it on the Windows Clipboard This text is placed on the clipboard and can be pasted into other text editor window or into other applications This function is available only in the text editor window s Hot Key CTRL X Copy ALT E C Text Editor Window Copies the selected text in the text editor window and places it on the Windows Clipboard This text is placed on the
41. eCell Value Selection Offset 0 1 Value RamData Selection Offset 1 0 Range A1 Select Loop End Sub Sub SetRam_Click Do Until ActiveCell Value Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide RamError ICEPIC SetRam ActiveCell Value Selection Offset 0 1 Value Selection Offset 1 0 Range A1 Select If RamError 0 Then Beep End If Loop End Sub Sub ComplexBreak 1 Click ActualData ICEPIC GetRam ActiveCell Value MatchData Selection Offset 0 1 Value Do Until ActualData MatchData ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 3 ActualData ICEPIC GetRam ActiveCell Value Selection Offset 0 2 Value ActualData Loop End Sub Fig 1 2 The Visual Basic Code VBA macros For Spreadsheet If you want to create the above example by yourself follow the steps shown below 1 Start Excel 5 0 or greater with a new workbook choose Macro from the Insert menu and choose Module Type in the macro code shown in Fig 1 2 Click the Sheet1 tab choose Toolbars from the View menu Check the Forms Check Box to display the Forms toolbar Click OK 4 Click the Create Button control and drag in the upper left corner or anywhere you please of the worksheet to create a push button Assign the button to the Form Load macro Size the push button and type the caption Open ICEPIC as shown in Fig 1 1 Similarly add pushbuttons and assign them to the appropriate macros as shown in Fig1 1 7 Type some numbe
42. eakpoint or a 0 to clear Return Value 1 Successful 0 Error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation bSuccess ICEPIC BreakPoint 100 1 bSuccess ICEPIC BreakPoint 101 0 This instruction sets a breakpoint at address 100 and clears a breakpoint at address 101 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 71 72 ICEPIC User s Guide ClearBreaks Purpose Removes all breakpoints Parameters None Return Value None Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation ICEPIC ClearBreaks Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 73 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide GetEEprom Purpose To get the Data Ram value of a certain address Parameters 1 EEPROM address a 2 byte value Return Value A 2 byte value EEPROM Data at the requested address 1 indicates error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation EEdata ICEPIC GetEEprom EEaddr Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 73 ICEPIC User s Guide 74 SetEEprom Purpose To modify the data of a certain EEPROM Data Memory Location Note that all PIC16CXX processors do not have a EEPROM Data memory Currently only PIC16C84 has this memory Parameters 1 EEPROM address a 2 byte value 2 EEPROM Data 2 byte value Return Value 1 Successful 0 Error Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation bSuccess ICEPIC SetEEprom EEa
43. ect code is downloaded If unchecked the current code is modified only if the new object code uses those locations This option is set by default Clear All Break On File Download Checking this option will remove all breakpoints whenever a new file is downloaded This option is set by default Read All Registers In Animation Mode When the emulator system is in animation mode see Debug Animate function for more details all registers of the processor are read after executing each instruction This slows down the process If unchecked only the minimal status of the processor PC STATUS etc is read while the processor is in animation mode This is the most efficient mode Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 39 40 ICEPIC User s Guide Code Download ALT OL This menu command brings up a dialog box as shown below Use this dialog box to perform appropriate actions to take place upon a new code download Code DownLoad Source Listing Open All Source Files im Open Main Source Only x Open Listing File General x Clear All Previous Memory X Clear All Breaks L Reset Vector main Auto Download x If no errors on Assemble Compile x Latest working file on initialization Open All Source Files Opens all source files in the current project when the COD File is downloaded successfully For example if the project main asm has other include files include1 asm then both main asm
44. en extremely hard to find the location of the problem When checked the processor halts and informs the user of the errors These errors can be either a stack overflow or underflow Stack overflow is a situation in which the user tries to access more than the 8 levels of PIC16Cxx stack Stack underflow takes place when a pop occurs return retlw retfie but the stack is empty PIC16C5x This feature is not available See Enable Extended Stack function for more information on debugging stack errors Enable Extended Stack This function applies to PIC16Cxx series only The PIC16Cxx series has 8 stack Levels In some situations when developing firmware etc the stack is overflowed This function Enable Extended Stack along with the Break On Stack Errors helps to debug these situations The emulator system for all processors of PIC16Cxx series has the ability to extend the stack from 8 levels to 12 levels when this option is selected When stack errors occur the flow of the program can still be viewed allowing the cause of the overflow to be located See Break On Stack Errors function for more information on debugging stack errors Break On Uninitialised Code Access This function is currently unavailable When implemented a break point occurs when your code falls into a location that has not been initialised Clear Code Memory On File Download Check this box to clear all memory to erased EPROM state whenever a new obj
45. ere is the Comm Port number 1 2 3 etc B where is the desired baud rate 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 or 57600 Example f your ICEPIC system is connected to COM2 and you wish to test it at 9600 baud then the correct command line is icediags exe c2 b9600 55 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 55 ICEPIC User s Guide Appendix A Text Editor amp Source Level Debug Your ICEPIC system has a full featured built in text editor The editor is similar to the standard Windows Notepad program in terms of usage but is a lot more sophisticated Unlike the notepad program which has a limit of about 32K file size this editor is limited only by the total available memory Windows memory including the virtual memory Also unlike the notepad this editor can load multiple documents The editor is used not only as a program editor but also as the source level debugger Once a COD file is loaded all the editor files that belong to the project have capabilities of both editing and source level debugging In addition to normal editing the source level debugging has the following features Source Debug Features Color coding BLUE of source line indicating the Current Program Counter Color coding RED of source line indicating if a break point is set Highlight the entire line when the Message Window is used to locate Errors Warnings Messages Listing file showing both Assembly amp source macros C Code Ability to
46. escribes all the exposed objects and their syntax Example s are provided to control ICEPIC using Excel 5 0 macros using Excels built in Basic language Exposed Objects Listed below are the exposed objects ProcessorCmd GetPC GetRam SetRam IsHalted DownLoad FillCodeMem BreakPoint ClearBreaks GetEEprom SetEEprom 9 9 99 9 9 9 EXCEL 5 Example Automatic Data Links References EXCEL 5 VBA Users Guide EXCEL 5 VBA On Line Help Inside OLE 2 Kraig Brockschmidt Microsoft Press 63 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 63 64 ICEPIC User s Guide ProcessorCmd Purpose To control the ICEPIC s execution Run single step reset etc as shown below Parameters A 2 byte command with the following meaning Run the processor in real time Halt the processor Reset the processor Single Step the processor 2 3 4 Single Step Over current line 5 5 Single Step Out Of current routine 06 Run ICEPIC animation mode Return Value A 2 byte value 1 Successful 0 Fail Excel Example Dim ICEPIC As Object Set ICEPIC CreateObject ICEPIC Automation ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 0 Runs the processor in real time ICEPIC ProcessorCmd 1 Halt the processor Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 65 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide GetPC Purpose To get the current value of the program counter Parameters None Return Value A 2 byte value current
47. ftware Emulator Circuit Board The emulator pod carries all the circuitry of the emulator It consists a single board Various optional accessories are available such as an enclosure for the system and power supply The circuit board contains various jumper links For a description of the function of these please refer to Appendix ICEPIC Jnr 5X Board Configuration at the back of this manual ICEPIC Jnr 16 The components of the system are Emulator Circuit Board Low Cost Personality Board e RS 232 Cable e ICEPIC software Emulator Circuit Board The emulator circuit board carries all the circuitry of the core emulator It contains the core emulation chip 16C02 and the logic circuitry The combination of the core and peripheral emulation chipset provide the complete emulation of the target processor and its peripherals Personality Board The personality board plugs on to the main emulator board This board contains the peripheral emulator chip thus providing the peripheral functions for the system to enable emulation This board provides connection to the header cable which connects to the target application board The personality board contains various jumper links For a description of the function of these please refer to Appendix ICEPIC Jnr 16 Board Configuration at the back of this manual 7 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC User s Guide ICEPIC and ICEPIC2 The components of the system are
48. har INT 16 Bit signed value Represents 2 bytes Range 32768 to 32767 UINT 16 Bit unsigned value Represents 2 bytes Range 0 to 65535 LONG 32 Bit signed value Represents 4 bytes Range 2147483648 to 2147483647 ULONG 32 Bit unsigned value Represents 4 bytes Range 0 to 4294967295 The multibyte data can be represented in either Big Endian or Little Endian formats These formats are explained below Big Endian High bytes are located at higher address space low bytes are at lower address For example if X 16Bit symbol is represented as UINT and if X 16Bit equals 0x55AA and if it s address is 0x10 then X 16Bit is organized as follows LOBYTE X 16Bit OxAA located at address 0x10 HIBYTE X 16Bit 0x55 located at address Ox11 Little Endian High bytes are located at lower address Taking the same example as in described above the data is organized as follows LOBYTE X 16Bit OxAA located at address 0x10 HIBYTE X_16Bit 0x55 located at address OxOF 84 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Appendix G Power Supply The ICEPIC system is shipped with its own power supply If the user wishes to connect his her own power make sure the following specifications are met Input Voltage 9 12 Volts AC or DC Current 500 mA Minimum NOTE The ICEPIC system s logic does not support 3V emulation The system strictly requires 5V 5 The target probe cable which connects betwee
49. herwise is intended to be relied upon in any manner by persons or bodies using this product and all such information is subject to being altered or updated at any time No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by the supplier with regard to the accuracy or use of such information or with regard to the infringement of patents copyright or other intellectual property rights arising out of the use of such information This product is warranted against defects and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of shipment During the warranty period the supplier will at his discretion repair or replace the product if it proves defective either on receipt or on normal usage during the said period This product must be returned to the supplier for warranty service within the stated period Warranty is only valid after receipt by the manufacturer of a completed registration card The buyer shall pay all shipping costs and other charges or assessments for the product by the supplier Please fill out and return the warranty card By doing so you will validate the product warranty receive any new product updates and notification of interim releases that may become available CE Compliance EPROM Emulators and similar test equipment e g ATE are often connected to exposed or unscreened circuit boards which themselves can cause EMC emissions likely to affect other sensitive apparatus Extreme care must be observed when han
50. his feature is useful for documentation and debug The default extension of the file is RAM A typical output file is shown below Data File Registers in Hex Of PIC16C57 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0 OB OC OD OE OF 30 5D D4 CB FC 96 F5 45 13 00 89 OA 1 DB AE 32 40 29 23 BE 84 El 6C D6 AE 52 90 49 r1 F1 BB E9 EB 50 AD 4F 14 F2 44 40 66 DO 6B C4 30 B7 32 3B Al 22 70 2C 80 VE C5 99 DI E9 80 B EA C9 53 BF 67 D Save To Intel Hex File ALT F I Saves code memory to a file in Intel Hex File Format This feature is useful to download code to programmers Although Intel Hex File is generated by the assembler sometimes while debugging one may make a few quick changes in the emulator system and save these changes to an Intel Hex File for testing and experimental purposes The default extension of the file is HEX New Source ALT F Opens a new source text file to edit using the built in Internal Editor The file can be edited and saved just like a normal text file This is primarily intended to edit source code files save them compile or assemble and then download for debug This feature is part of the ICEPIC s Integrated Development Environment IDE After a successful compile assemble of this file this same editor window is used as a source level debug window Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 17 ICEPIC User s Guide Accelerators CTRL Open Source ALT F A standard
51. ify the desired registers symbolically A typical view of the watch window is shown below S van varans Watch variables can be set using data types of BYTE CHAR INT UINT LONG and ULONG The multibyte data values can be set in either Endian mode For example notice the tmr1l register shown as an UINT value To modify a certain watch register select the watch point enter a new value either HEX or DECIMAL and click on the Modify button Debug Window ALT V This window is currently disabled It is intended for future use as an advanced debug feature Ver 2 2 01997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Window Menu ALT W 51 This menu command allows the user to access functions that arrange the child windows Help Cascade Tile Horizontally Tile Vertically d 1 DAICEPIC2 FIRMWAREMCE_IMCEPIC 2 Special Function Registers 3 Data File Registers 4 Call Stack 5 Watch Variables Cascade ALT W C Arranges all opened windows by cascading them It is a Windows operating system related function and is not specific to the emulator Tile Horizontally ALT W Arranges all windows by tiling them horizontally Tile Vertically ALT W V Arranges all windows by tiling them vertically Arrange Icons Arranges all the icons if available Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 51 ICEPIC User s Guide Help Menu ALT H This menu allows acces
52. in entry to any C program is main This is the beginning of the program to a user However this is NOT the Reset Vector of the processor The C compiler generates some initialization code starting from the processor s reset vector before it jumps to the user main The ICEPIC software upon download of a C code runs until main so that the user sees it as the beginning of his her program Turn off this option if you desire the ICEPIC to start from the Processor s Reset Vector You may also need to turn off this option if target system pulls down the MCLR pin thus not enabling ICEPIC to run until main CAUTION If this Option is enabled make sure the MCLR is NOT held low before you download your code If No errors on Assemble Compile Automatically downloads code loads the COD File to the emulator upon successful Assembly or Compilation if no errors are found in the Error File ERR file generated by either Assembler MPASM MPASMWIN or by the C Compiler MPC Make sure the Error File Generation is turned on in the assembler options This function is operable with either MPASMWIN or MPASM for DOS Latest Working File on initialization Check this option if you want the ICEPIC to download the working file that was previously in use when ever you start your ICEPIC software This is equivalent to starting ICEPIC amp then downloading the most recently used MRU file from the File Menu Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 41
53. ll registers are read and updated To improve the speed uncheck the Read Register in Animation checkbox in the Options Debug menu Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 29 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Use the HALT tool bar button to stop the animation mode Advanced By default each single step is executed approx every 500 mSecs using an internal timer This should be adequate time for most of the computers at all the baud rates supported You may fine tune this speed to your requirements for faster response by modifying the ICEPIC INI file stored in your Windows directory Edit the Animate section and change the Timer to the desired value in mSecs Toggle Breakpoint ALT D T This function sets or clears the breakpoint at the currently selected location in the code memory window A location with break point set is shown in RED These break points are also available from the Break Points menu command The Right Mouse button may be used in the code memory window to obtain a floating pop up menu to set break points This function is only available if the Code Memory Window is active Hot Key F2 Use the toolbar button Break Points ALT D When this function is selected a dialog box as shown below is opened It is used to manipulate various breakpoint settings Breakpoints Break Type Break On Address Match Close Location IsAlpha Expression Not Applicable Delete Pas
54. n the personality daughterboard and the target board does contains the connections of the PIC I O lines and the OVolt GND to the target PIC Please note that the Vcc connection is not brought out to the target probe header Warning Care must be taken to avoid exposing the Target probe cable to any excessive static or reverse voltage The Microchip emulation devices 16C01 2 16CXXME etc do not contain the same high voltage protection on their I O lines as the standard PIC Microcontrollers Extra care is therefore advised when handling the ICEPIC system in particular the 85 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 85 ICEPIC User s Guide Appendix H User Configuration Links 86 For Daughter boards not covered in this manual please read Links txt under your cNcepic directory for the latest information OSC Mod Config These links configure the system emulator chip and for normal operation with the OSC Module supplied they should be left open For all PIC s pins OSC1 amp OSC2 are used to connect to the oscillator source OSC1 is always an input but OSC2 can be input or output The only mode where OSC2 is an output is RC Mode Then the output from OSC2 is 1 4 of the frequency at OSC1 The function of the 16C01 or 16 02 is the same as for any PIC with the mode of operation being set by the two Links SOSC1 amp SOSC2 on the personality daughter board just above the OSC Module ow Hs The ICE
55. nized by the emulator system and the user must reset the processor to halt or come out of sleep mode As such single step on a SLEEP instruction is not possible ICEPIC System Specific Limitations The Step Over amp Step Out functions may not freeze the peripherals if selected for 1 cycle Cannot emulate in real time below 32 kHz The ICEPIC is able to emulate up to a maximum of 20MHz Please note that at the time of writing this manual the maximum speed of operation of the emulation chip 16 2 is 10MHz This means that when emulating PIC microcontrollers which utilize the 16 02 as the core emulation device the maximum emulation speed is 10MHz Cannot emulate low voltage operation Clock modes XT RC HS amp LP cannot be selected Clock is always fed from the user changeable Clock Oscillator located on the daughter board Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 89 90 ICEPIC User s Guide ICEPIC Oscillator Clock Limitations The probe header cable has a high capacitance therefore is not always possible to transmit a clock signal from the target board to drive the bond out chip Please note this feature is not available on the 5X Personality daughter board If the user requires a specific clock signal the following is recommended Using an Oscillator module on the daughter board with the appropriate frequency Connect a separate cable from the clock source directly into the OSC Module outp
56. oftware is available for download from the internet WEB page http www rfsolutions co uk Host Computer Requirements We recommend the following minimum requirements e 386 or greater PC Compatible VGA or higher resolution recommend 1024 x 764 SVGA 4Mbytes of RAM recommended 8Mb Microsoft Windows 3 1 or higher recommend Windows For WorkGroups DOS 3 3 or greater recommend DOS 6 22 e Atleast 4Mbytes of Free Hard Disk Space e 1 Free Serial Port See Appendix Serial Communication A pointing device e g Mouse 9 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC User s Guide Warranty Registration The supplier does not warrant or guarantee that the operation of this product will be uninterrupted or totally error free To the extent permitted by law 1 The supplier hereby excludes all liability for any loss or damage whether direct or indirect sustained as a result of operating this product save to the extent that liability shall not be excluded for any personal injury or death arising as a result of the negligence of the supplier or the authorized representative thereof 2 Excludes all liability for any loss or damage other than personal or death arising out of contract or tort or in any other manner and whether or not arising out of negligence of the supplier or the authorized representative thereof No information provided by the supplier and or contained within this product regarding device applications or ot
57. ome this situation Hot Key 4 F5 GA Use the toolbar button 26 2 2 01997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Halt ALT D H Halts the processor if running in real time This menu is enabled only if the processor in running in real time After halting the processor it s status is read and windows are updated with the new status of the processor NOTE If the processor is in SLEEP state HALT is not recognized by the emulator system and the user must reset the processor to halt or come out of sleep mode Hot Key e F7 Use the Toolbar button i Reset ALT D R Resets the processor by toggling the MCLR pin to the emulator chip The MCLR pin from the user s target is not disturbed The emulator system interprets the Reset command in two different ways If the processor is already in HALT state the processor is reset and put in halt state at the reset vector Ifthe processor is running and the user presses the Reset button MCLR pin is activated for a few microseconds and then deactivated Hot Key F4 Use the Toolbar button Step Into ALT D S Single step the processor essentially executing the instruction at the current program counter halted location After executing the instruction the processor s new status is read and updated information is shown in all windows Hot Key F8 m Use the toolbar button Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 27
58. or for Matches abc any digit then abc Note that 1 refers to tagged pattern 1 which is abc Matches a line which contains two or more occurrences of the same upper case word Note that 1 refers to whatever A Z matched Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide In order to search for a character which also doubles as a metacharacter you must prefix that character with a backslash For instance if you wanted to search for a question mark the search pattern would be To search for a backslash the pattern is Metacharacters in the Substitution Text In the replacement pattern you may use the metacharacter amp Whenever an amp is encountered in the replacement pattern the entire matched pattern will be substituted at that point For example let s say that you specified abc as the pattern to search for A replacement pattern of amp xxx would change abc to abcxxx Likewise a replacement pattern of 12 amp amp 34 would change abc to 12 abcabc 34 To use a amp literally in the replacement pattern precede the amp by a backslash You may also include a tagged pattern in the replacement pattern For example let s say that the pattern that you searched for was dog cat If you want to replace every occurrence of dog cat with cat dog then the replacement pattern that you specify
59. ow To specify another programmer edit the Option Tools menu and add the command line parameter to the programmer section Editor ALT T E Executes the editor program By default Notepad program supplied standard with MS Windows is used as the editor To use your favorite editor modify the Editor field in Options Tools menu Calculator ALT T L Runs the standard Windows calculator This calculator has a scientific mode and may prove to be useful for HEX conversions Left shifts etc Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Options Menu ALT O This menu contains the following commands It enables various options of the emulator functions and the user interface functions to be set View Wir Project Debug Real Time Trace Directories Color Font Project ALT O P When selected this menu command brings up a dialog box as shown below Use of this box allows various options of the current project to be saved These options do not affect the emulator system hardware functions Project Specification COD MPASM Type Engineer O intel Hox Source File Type e Assembly Lang Lang In the Name field enter the name of your project In the Engineer field you may enter your name The Notes field can be used to enter brief notes of your project For example you may want to enter the Version Number and any ch
60. ower to the ICEPIC In circuit emulator pod Turn on the power to the target application It is recommended that the MCLR pin on the target board is not held low gt A o AO 01 Removal of Daughter Board 1 Ensure all power is disconnected 2 Disconnect the RS 232 cable to the host computer and header cable to the target application 3 Place the ICEPIC In circuit emulator pod upside down Unscrew the two screws to release the bottom half of the plastic case assembly and front panel 4 Turn the pod upright Carefully ease off the daughter board the top PCB from the two DIN41612 type connectors Installation of Daughter Board 1 Complete the removal of the existing daughter board 2 Installation of a daughter board is a simple push fit onto the main board connecting only by the two DIN41612 type connectors Ensure the correct polarity of the daughter board 3 Ensure the Emulator XTAL and Target header cable are securely inserted Tip Before replacing the plastic box you may wish to configure Jumper Link3 MCLR 1 Slide in the front panel into the case slots 2 Replace the bottom half of the plastic case assembly ensure the target cable s pass through the slot in the front panel Insert the two case screws Configuration of Daughter Board There are several Jumper Links which are used to configure your daughter board These are all preset during manufacture Please refer to Appendix User Configu
61. pace menu command Note that these settings are automatically saved to the default ICEPIC INI file under the WINDOWS directory when one exits from the program Use this menu if there is a need to save multiple configurations The ICEPIC INI is automatically read when a new session is begun Hot Key ALT CS Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 25 ICEPIC User s Guide Debug Menu ALT D The debug menu has the following commands which are described below Qualifiers Tools Options Go F5 Hak F Reset F4 Step Into F8 Step Over Step Out F10 Run To Cursor F11 Animate Ctrl A Toggle Break Point F2 Break Points Ctrl B Clear All Breaks Cul F2 Add Watch Variable Ctrlw Add Quick Watch Cul Q Modify Register Modify Code Memory Reset System Go ALT D G This menu command starts the processor running in real time The processor continues to run in real time until either a break point is encountered or is interrupted by a user halt command Processor running in real time is indicated both in the Status Bar Running test is displayed and in the Tool Bar a rotating wheel is displayed NOTE The WDT is activated if enabled This command is disabled if the processor is already running in real time NOTE The processor will remain in reset state if the MCLR pin is held low or left floating Use the MCLR jumper link J3 on the daughter board to pull up MCLR to a high state to overc
62. r Extemal Edior Calculator Options Menu Project Set various project options Debug Set various debug options of the target processor and emulator functions Code Download Real Time Trace Directores Calor Font Tods Todi Bar Status Ba Code Memory S Data Fle Registers Call Stack EEPROM Data Real Time Trace 14 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Watch Window Display the watch window Message Window Displays errors warnings generated from other tools MPASM mpc etc Debug Window Enable and display the debug window Cascade Tile Horizontally Tile Vertically Arrange Icons ndex Context Help Using Help Internet amp World Wide Web Programming ICEPIC About ICEPIC 15 Opens the on line help with index in view Places the ICEPIC under context help mode Shows how to use Windows help system Opens ICEPIC help system showing Internet Information Opens ICEPIC help system and shows how to program ICEPIC Displays information about your emulator system Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 15 ICEPIC User s Guide File Menu ALT F 16 The File Menu has the following commands which are explained below Edit Configure Debug Tools Options Load Object File Save File Registers Save To Intel Hex File New Source Ctrl4 N Close Save 5 Save As Print Ctr P Print Setup lTEST LST 2 TEST
63. ration Links for details on these jumper links Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 11 ICEPIC User s Guide Software Installation ech Insert the setup disk disk 1 into a floppy drive Select the Windows Program Manager File Manager or other shell such as the ones in Norton Desktop for Windows or PC Tools for Windows Choose Run from the File menu AMSETUP or B SETUP in the box entitled Command Line then choose OK Follow the on screen prompts to install the software into a specified directory of your hard disk When prompted to enter the destination directory type in the desired directory of your hard disk e g C ICEPIC If the directory does not exist it is created automatically by the program After copying all the desired files the program checks the number of serial ports available on your computer and prompts you to select the desired COM port to which the ICEPIC In circuit emulator is connected When prompted to insert Disk 2 remove Disk 1 insert Disk 2 and press OK A new program group PIC16CXX Tools is created as shown below PIC Tools File Edit Folder View Options Help ICEPIC ICEPIC ICEPIC MPASM Help Diagnostics Assembler items 10 The software installation is completed 11 Double Click on the ICEPIC Icon to start ICEPIC Make sure the ICEPIC hardware 12 is connected to the selected COM Port and check the power Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd IC
64. rocessors Because of this it is impossible to emulate certain functions A list of these functions NOT emulatable by ICEPIC is given below Four of the GPIO pins general purpose I O pins are multiplexed with other functions The functions of these four pins is selected by FUSE options in the 12C50x processors However it is not possible to emulate these fuses in an emulator To emulate the muxing of these pins jumper links are provided to select the option desired by the user Link Settings Link PIC12C Function when link Function when link Set Set between 1 amp 2 between 2 amp 3 Pin No Connects Pull up resistor on pin 4 se e Connects Pull up resistor on pin 6 Connects Pull up resistor on pin 7 Non emulatable functions 1 2 3 88 Software selection through OPTION register of weak pull ups of GPO amp GP1 The wake up on change feature on GPO amp GP1 GP3 on 12C50x is input only In the emulator it is an I O pin Care must be taken by the user not to configure this pin as OUTPUT The internal RS Oscillator is not emulatable As such the calibration etc related to this internal clock are not emulatable The user must use the 4 Mhz canned clock supplied by the 5x daughter board MCLR Filtering improvements found in 12C50x are not emulatable ICEPIC Jnr 16 EmulatorBoard Link Configuration SOSC1 amp MCLR OSC I P SOSC2 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPI
65. rs under Ram Addr in Column 1 and press the Get Data Ram button The value of data ram will be now be updated 8 Similarly try pressing the single step button and note that ICEPIC executes a single step 9 Try the Complex Breakpoint 1 and modify it to perform various complex tasks which can be modified to suit your specific needs Automatic Data Links In addition to above mentioned OLE Automation features ICEPIC also supports OLE Automatic Links to all the Data File Registers Links are supported through standard 77 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 77 ICEPIC User s Guide Windows Clipboard To copy the data file registers to clipboard select the Data File Registers window and perform Copy or CTRL C from the Edit menu The data can now be pasted into any other Windows application For those applications supporting Links like EXCEL 5 or Word 6 or Lotus for Windows use Paste Special or Paste Link command to establish hot or active links to ICEPIC s Data File Registers By establishing links any change in Data Ram in ICEPIC will automatically be updated in the pasted application An example of this link using EXCEL5 is shown below in Fig 2 1 Linked Data From ICEPIC Data Collected From PIC16C71 A D 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fig 2 1 An Example Showing Hot Linked Data In EXCEL Spreadsheet NOTE Selecting Paste pastes only the data without any links To link the data to ICEPIC from EXCEL select the P
66. s Count Delete All Labels BreakPoints Interrogate_16C01 checklstByte icepic ASM 1140 Interrogate_16C02 _GetNextStk_16C02 16 02 271 MayBePagel picl6c01 asm 150 JumpToCmdT able MayBePagel MayBePage2 0 5 OutOfReset OutOfReset_16C02 PutStack_16C01 PutStack_16C02 Break Type Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 29 ICEPIC User s Guide In the ICEPIC emulator system only break On Address Match is implemented Real time breakpoints can be set only on program memory address match condition Location Break point address entered in this location is used to set break points when the Add button is pressed The break point location can be entered as a valid Label or as a HEX value or as a DECIMAL value See Appendix Data Types and Formats for the syntax of HEX amp DECIMAL values Expression Not implemented in the ICEPIC emulator system Pass Count In the ICEPIC emulator system Pass Count is always set to 1 This means the processor is halted the first time a breakpoint is encountered Labels This list box displays all the current address Labels used in the source code These symbols are read from the COD file If a HEX file is used these symbols are unavailable To add a break point at one of these locations select the desired address label and click on the ADD button or simply double click on the desired address label BreakPoints This list
67. s to the help commands and the information box Index Context Help Internet amp World Wide Web Programming ICEPIC About PIC Emulator Index ALT Opens the ICEPIC On Line help file and brings the index into view Using Help ALT H U Opens the standard Windows Help system and explains how to use the Windows On Line Help system About ICEPIC Emulator ALT H A This menu command will pop up a dialog box as shown below This dialog box displays the copyright information hardware revision number firmware version number software version number and other system information ICEPIC PIC In Circuit Emulator NeoSoft Inc R F Solutions Ltd Copyright e 1995 Software Ver 1 5 3 Hardware Ver HH Firmware Ver Available Memory 22410 KB Free System Resources 32 Free Math Co processor Present Disk Space 99740 KB Free WEB Address gt http www stph net icepic Anonymous FTP ftp stph net under pub neosoft Use the version numbers shown in this dialog box to see if you have the latest software and firmware 52 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Chapter 4 Diagnostics NOTE Before running the diagnostics program the user must follow these rules Do not connect the ICEPIC system to the target application board The MCLR pull up jumper Link3 LK3 must be connected Clock and power must be present A separ
68. s will continue to run PIC16C5x This option is always turned on and cannot be disabled PIC16Cxx User selectable Warning PIC16Cxx Processors If the Freeze mode is enabled and if PORTB data is modified the data of PORTB is not updated on the screen until a Single Step is executed The data actually gets modified in the processor but does not show up until the processor is out of halt mode for at least one cycle This is not a bug in the ICEPIC system Halt On WDT Overflow Checking this option will halt the processor when the Watch Dog Timer WDT overflows In a typical situation where WDT is used the user resets the WDT by using the CLRWDT instruction Often during program development cycle the user may forget to place the CLRWDT instruction at the appropriate place thereby overflowing the WDT and resetting the processor Selecting this option will halt the processor informing him that WDT has overflowed Uncheck this option if WDT overflow is desired for your application Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 39 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide PIC16C5x This feature is not available PIC16Cxx All processor s of this series have this feature Break On Stack Errors This option is one of the most useful debug features of this emulator system The PIC16Cxx series have a lot of interrupts more than 10 in PIC16C 74 but has only 8 stack levels Often stack overflow occurs during code development stages it is th
69. set clear break points both in the source files as well as the listing file Assemble Compile the current source file Single step and Run from the source and listing files Add watch points directly from the source code with a single key stroke 9 9 9 Complex Text Searching and replacing while debugging A typical source file debug of an Assembly Language MPASM MPASMWIN Program along with the listing file debug is shown below TEST ASM A typical source file debug of C Program Program along with the listing file debug is shown below 56 Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 57 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide WAKEUP C Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 57 ICEPIC User s Guide Text Searching The internal editor has complex text searching capabilities both while editing and debugging The editor allows you to search forwards or backwards through a file for a certain pattern of text In addition to searching for a series of characters you can search for text which has a certain property For instance you can ask the editor to locate all words which begin with the letter Q or for all occurrences of three digits in a row The search command uses a very powerful mechanism called regular expressions to accomplish this The use of regular expressions has become very popular since the use of the UNIX operating system has become widespread Although most operating systems such as DOS let
70. side The trigger output provides a digital output which can be connected a scope or any other device to timing measurements etc The trigger out may be configured to trigger on any address or address ranges in the same way as a break point is set The Trigger points can be set using 1 Ctrl O from the Code Memory Window b by selecting the Qualifiers Trigger Out Range menu Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Appendix D Troubleshooting Whenever an error situation occurs please check power connections the selected Comm Port and perform a System Wide Reset in Debug System Reset menu The most commonly encountered errors are described below Serial Communication Time out This error message is reported on various circumstances To circumvent this Make sure the correct Comm port is selected A free Comm port may have been selected but ICEPIC is connected to another serial port The baud rate may be too high for your system See Appendix B on how to achieve high baud rates Processor Not Responding This error message is reported whenever the target processor does not respond to various commands This may occur on the following situations 81 The MCLR pin is held low If the ICEPIC system is plugged into the target application make sure the MCLR pin is not held low If the ICEPIC system is not connected to the target application make sure the MCLR pull
71. sor but does not show up until the processor is out of halt mode for at least one cycle This is not a bug in the ICEPIC system Advanced Feature In PIC16Cxx series the user can set break points on WDT overflow See Options Debug menu Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 23 ICEPIC User s Guide Serial Port This menu command allows the user to configure the serial port The ICEPIC emulator system which connects to your computer via RS232 port can be connected to any serial port of your system provided MS Windows supports it and the baud rate is software selectable When this menu is selected a dialog box as shown below is opened R 232 Port Configuration Port Selection Comm Buffer Comm Port In Size Baud Rate Out Size Static Flow Control Data Bits Q Hardware RTS CTS Stop Bits Software Xon Xoff Pasty This software under MS Windows allows the user only the first two options namely Comm Port selection and Baud Rate selection All other controls are for information only The Comm Port drop down selection box lists all the serial ports available under Windows The user will be notified if the selected Comm port is already occupied by another application e g serial mouse or a modem From the Baud Rate dropdown box select the desired baud rate Baud rate from 2400 bps to 57600 bps are supported The ICEPIC system has an autobaud detect feature and no dip switches are necessary Note that baud ra
72. ssor For example in the PIC16C5x system PIC16C54 through PIC16C58 can be selected Note that some of the emulator systems support only one processor The Emulator Chip box is for information only and cannot be modified by the user This box displays the type of the emulator chip used The Enable Watch Dog Timer selection check box enables or disables the Watch Dog Timer WDT Both PIC16C5x and PIC16Cxx have on chip WDT and is enabled as a Fuse Option in the actual processor In the emulator system it is implemented as a software selection option Note that the WDT is reset when the processor is halted It is also held in reset state in single step mode The Stop Peripherals When Halted option freezes all the peripherals like timers PWM etc when the processor is halted This option gives a snapshot of the processor s registers when it is halted However in some rare situations the user may wish to continue to run the peripherals even when the processor is halted For example if the user is running a motor using PWM of PIC16C74 the PWMs will be stuck at either a 1 or 0 when the processor is halted This may put the motor in an undesirable mode To avoid this uncheck this option and the PWMs will continue to run Warning PIC16Cxx Processors If the Freeze mode is enabled and if PORTB data is modified the data of PORTB is not updated on the screen until a Single Step is executed The data actually gets modified in the proces
73. system font Tools ALT OT This menu command allows modification to the default tool settings Tools Options Editor X Use Internal Editor All the new settings are automatically saved and restored every time a new emulation session is started Assembler Enter the desired assembler name The default assembler is mpasm exe In addition to the executable file name command line parameters may be added A typical example is MPASM myproj asm L Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 43 44 ICEPIC User s Guide Compiler Enter the compiler name By default mpc is used MPC EXE is the compiler from Byte Craft Any other compiler may be used but note that only the object code of COD format is supported Programmer The default programmer is PROMATE the universal programmer from Microchip Technology You may modify this setting for any other programmer Editor By default the built in editor is used and is the recommended way However an external editor can be used by unchecking the Use Internal Editor Note that using an external editor does not give you source level debugging right from the editor Source level debugging can be performed using the Listing File loaded into the ICEPIC even if the source is being edited by an external editor Calculator Enter the desired calculator name For most situations the default calculator calc exe that comes with MS Windows is quite good Make sure to selec
74. t the scientific mode from the calculator program to get the most useful functions while debugging or writing assembly code Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide View Menu ALT V This menu contains various view commands to open or show all child windows These menu commands are explained below Window Toolbar Status Bar Code Memory SFR Data File Registers Call Stack EEPROM Data Real Time Trace Watch Window Debug Window Toolbar ALT V L Shows or hides the main toolbar button The main toolbar button contains the most commonly used menu commands Execute the File Download command Save the current file Assemble the current file Reset the target processor Execute the GO command Execute HALT command Execute Step Into command Execute Step Over command Execute Step Out of command We Execute Toggle Breakpoint command 45 Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 45 ICEPIC User s Guide Execute Add Watch Variable command Print the current file Execute the About Box command Put the system in a context sensitive help mode Enables or disables all break points Status Bar ALT V B Shows or hides the status bar The status bar is shown at the bottom of the main window The status bar displays various information including menu descriptions current processor current program counter etc
75. tes greater than 9600 bps may not be feasible on all computers The highest baud rate achievable depends on many factors like the speed of your computer video driver and most importantly whether or not you have a 16550 UART See the Appendix D for more information Recommendation Connect the emulator system to either COM1 or COM2 Use serial I O cards with 16550 UART and use Windows For Workgroups 3 11 to achieve high baud rates All other controls are not user selectable and are shown for information only Hot Key ALT C P Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 25 ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide What s Your UART e At your DOS prompt e g CH enter MSD EXE e Choose Comm Ports e f your serial I O card is equipped with old technology the screen will show 8250 or 16C450 e If you have a high speed UART the screen will show 16C550 Load Workspace This menu command allows the user to select a previously saved configuration file from a standard file open dialog box The default extension is WSP and this file must be generated by the ICEPIC software When selected the previously saved settings are restored HotKey ALT CL Save Workspace This menu allows the user to save the current workspace settings to a file with a default extension of WSP Various settings like the window positions colors baud rate comm port debug options etc are saved These saved settings can be recalled later by the Load Works
76. the LIST file is open or Dissassembled object code if the LIST file is not opened It recommended to load the LIST file see Options Code Download Open List File menu NOTE The dummy cycle or 2nd cycle as shown above can be eliminated from the hardware trace buffer by unchecking the Capture 2nd Cycle in the Options Trace menu Capturing the 2nd cycle is useful if timing cycles are to be measured Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 79 ICEPIC User s Guide Setting Clearing Trace Points 80 1 To set a Trace point at the desired address goto the Code Window and hi light the desired address Press Ctrl T or goto Qualifiers menu and select Toggle Trace Point 1 To set clear trace points over an address range goto Qualifiers menu amp select Trace Range A dialog box as shown below appears Start Add End Addi Set Clear Clear Close 2 Type in the desired address range and select Set to set trace points in the selected address range Clear button clears the tracepoints in the desired address range Clear All button clears all trace points irrespective of the entered address range In most applications the 4K buffer is adequate However the trace buffer may be increased to 8K by a factory upgrade Please contact RF Solutions if this is required Trigger Output The ICEPIC II has a Trigger Output located on the motherboard between U8 amp U9 at the rear left hand
77. tioned qualifier settings are available in all systems For example ICEPIC II systems has all the above features but ICEPIC system does not support Trace amp Trigger points Toggle Break Point ALT T B Same function as mentioned under Debug Menu Break Range ALT Set or clear breakpoints with an address range The End address must not be less than the Start address Symbolic address labels can be entered This command is applicable only for ICEPIC II model Break Points x Set Clear Clear All Close Toggle Trace Point ALT This function sets or clears the trace point at the currently selected location in the code memory window A location with trace point set is shown with a special icon This function is only available if the Code Memory Window is active This command is applicable only for ICEPIC II model Hot Key Ctrl T Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Trace Range ALT Q T Set or clear tracepoints with an address range The End address must not be less than the Start address Symbolic address labels can be entered This command is applicable only for ICEPIC II model Toggle Trigger Out ALT This function sets or clears the trigger out point at the currently selected location in the code memory window A location with a trigger out point set is shown with a special icon This function is only available if the Code
78. ton enter the desired new value and click the Modify button Real Time Trace ALT V T This window is enabled only if your system supports the Real Time Trace Option Currently ICEPIC II has this feature This window displays the data in trace buffer as shown below In the hardware only the address bus is captured The Opcodes are shown as corresponding to the data at the captured address The data at the corresponding address is displayed using the Listing File if the list file is loaded Otherwise the data is disassembled If the 2nd Cycle capture option is used the data is displayed without any disassembly and is indicated by d in the 2nd column NOTE Due to certain limitations the trace buffer displays only 4095 locations instead of 4096 when the trace buffer is overflowed A sample display of the trace window is shown below Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 49 50 ICEPIC User s Guide Trace Memory iof x 1 0000 2900 GOTO Start 2 0001 0000 3 0100 1683 Start BSF status 5 4 0108 0064 Loop CLRWDT 5 0109 2110 CALL delay 6 d 010a 8 0111 00 0 MOVWF dlyCount 9 0112 2116 wait CALL InnerDelay 10 d 0113 ObcO 11 0116 307F InnerDelay MOVLW 0 7 12 0117 00 1 MOVWF dlyCounti 13 0118 2919 waitl GOTO 0x119 14 d 0119 Obecl 15 0119 OBC1 DECFSZ dlyCounti Watch Window ALT V W This window is used for watching data registers of user s choice user can watch and mod
79. ue in the edit box and then pressing the Modify button A typical view of the SFR is shown below E Special Function Registers DD ee WREG OxFA 250 11111010 INDO Ox29 41 00101001 Ox23 35 00100011 132 10000100 225 11100001 108 01101100 4 1 As can be seen both HEX amp DECIMAL values are displayed for each Special Function Register The SFR names used are the same as those described in the data sheet of the processor being emulated Some registers like W Register WREG are also shown in the SFR window even though these are unmapped into the data file register array TIP Use the Right Mouse Button to access a floating menu to set colors Ver2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd 47 48 ICEPIC User s Guide Data File Registers ALT V D This window displays all the data file registers including SFRs mapped into Data File Register array The number of registers displayed depends on the processor being emulated A typical view of this window is shown below for PIC 16C74 Data File Registers D All data is represented in the form of a tabular grid similar to a spreadsheet From the drop down list box the user may choose to display the data in either HEX or DECIMAL format To modify a register value simply select the desired cell enter a new value in the edit box and click on the Modify button NOTE If a particular address is unimplemented in the processor the data is shown as X TIP Use the
80. uide Replace ALT E R Opens a dialog box to find the desired text and replace it with the new text See Appendix A for details of search operations metacharacters and regular search expressions Search and Replace Options Direction x Case Sensitive e Forward x Regular Expression Q Backwards Prompt on Replace oa SS Match Bracket ALT Matches brackets in the text editor window If the character at the current position is one of the following an attempt is made to find the matching brace or quote If the matching pair is found the current position is moved to the matched character This feature is extremely useful while editing and debugging program Edit Tab Stops ALT E S Sets the length of the TAB in the editor The default tab length is 8 spaces Tab Stops Cancel 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd ICEPIC In Circuit Emulator User s Guide Configure Menu ALT C 23 This menu has the following commands which are fully described below Debug Emulator System Serial Port Load WorkSpace Emulator System This menu command allows configuration of the emulator system When selected a dialog box as shown below is activated Processor Configuration Emulator Chip PIC16C02 Cancel x Enable Watch Dog Timer 54 Stop Peripherals When Halted From the Processor drop down selection box select the desired target proce
81. ut pin 8 on the daughter board with low impedance to ensure enough drive power to the input of the emulation chip A kit of Oscillator modules is available from your supplier please contact sales for further information Ver 2 2 1997 RF Solutions Ltd

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