Circuit Fabrication Tutorial using Eagle
Contents
1. P __ pa _ m General Busses Route Optimize Optimize2 Optimizes Optimizes Preferred Directions Routing Grid 50 1 Top 9 Routed N A ViaShape Round 2 Route2 N A 10 Routet0 N A wae 3 Route3 N A y 11 Routell N A w 4 Routed N A v 12 Routel2 N A 5 Routed 13 Routel3 N A 6 Route6 N A 14 Routel4 N A w 7 Route N A 15 Routel5 N A 8 RouteS N A v 16 Bottom f x ah q 7 N A O m amp o Pas Q The General tab displays routing directions for applicable board layers The star in 16 Bottom box indicates that the tracks will autoroute with all possible bends or angles Autorouter routed all board traces in the layout shown below 7z 1 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 5551555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional H4r 2 FP QQQagr n i ngle 0 v Abe 0 E a a 2 5l fa CBA 7 x he O is 6 Ox Page 8 of 21 Pictured below is a board layout that did not route completely using Autorouter A manually routed jumper wire shown as a curved trace makes the circuit connection were Autorouter failed 1 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 1 5 projects 5551 555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional Eile Edit Draw View Tools Libra sol pi ons Window Help On fH E i To Suv eo S Miter 0 l P 7 widh ome m Laye 116 v Diameter aut2. File Layers Clearance Distance Sizes Restring Shapes Supply Masks Misc Copper Dimension 60mil Diill Hole 75mil Minimum Distance between objects in signal layers pads smds and any copper connected to them and the board dimensions and between drill holes Setting the value for the Copper Dimension check to 0 disables that check Page 4 of 21 4 Select the Sizes tab a set the minimum width for traces to 20mil b set the minimum drill hole width to 32mil DRC default File Layers Clearance Distance Sizes Restring Shapes Supply Masks Misc Minimum Width 20mil Minimum Drill 32mil Min Micro Via 3 33mm Min Blind Yia Ratio 0 5 Minimum Sizes of objects in signal layers and of drill holes Minimum Width and Minimum Drill may be overwritten by larger values in the Aef classes for specific signals Min Micro Via applies to Siina vias that are exactly one layer deep Typical values are in the range 50 100 micron A value larger than Minimum Drill e g the default value of 9 99mm means there are no micro vias Min Blind Via Ratio defines the minimum drill diameter g a blind via must have if it goes through a layer of thickness Board manufacturers usually give this aspect ratio in the form 1 0 5 where 0 5 would be the value that has to be entered here 5 To change the shape of component pads a select the Shapes tab By default component libraries determine pad shapes Page 5
3. of 21 a 1 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 555 555__ practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Edit Draw wiew Tools Library Options Window Help Supply Masks Elongation 100 Shapes of pads and smds TE e Routing the Board Placing the Tracks Manually 1 select Edit gt Route or click on the Route command icon 2 click on component pads or airwires and make track connections To change track direction or orientation 1 click at the desired point 2 select the appropriate Wire bend icon from the toolbar The screen shot below shows routing connections from the positive lead of C1 to R2 and pins 2 and 6 of IC1 The negative lead of C1 is routed to LSP2 and to pin 1 of IC1 Page 6 of 21 2 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Edit Draw Yiew Tools Library a ns Wi ndow ow Help EOR 3 SL Y Diameter auto v Dril 0 023622 v Autorouter The Eagle Autorouter can route a board completely if the user has set the necessary parameters for the routing strategy and has placed components in a logical manner To run Autorouter e select Tools gt Auto or click on the Auto toolbar icon command The screen shot below displays the Autorouter Setup box that pops up after clicking on the Auto command Page 7 of 21 1 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 5551555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional
4. PCB Design and Fabrication Quick Start Guide This tutorial describes the processes involved in producing a single layer PCB Note Any Eagle CAD instructions listed within the tutorial are executable using tool bar script box by entering the name of the command icon and pressing enter Creating a Board From a Schematic 1 Create a schematic using Eagle Schematic ET 1 Schematic C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 555_practice sch EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Edit Draw Yiew Tools Library Options Window Help sHs mMm vy WHY QQQQARa GE 2 Click on the Board icon when the schematic is complete This opens up Layout Editor and creates a board file with the same name as that of the schematic Page 1 of 21 Creating a Board Layout In the screen shot below the circuit components and ratsnest are on the left side of the window Eagle uses the term airwires to describe the rubber band like connections between components The black frame represents the board outlines 7 2 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Edit Draw Yiew Tools Library Options Window Help H4G2r2i wFer Q QQQggrnun Dk Anale 270 1 w lata E gy 005 inch 2100 45 a Create the circuit design within the board area using the Move and Rotate commands To display component names 1 select View gt Display hide layers or click on the Display command icon 2 cl
5. d 020 should be sufficient for hand soldered boards 4 click Isolate The screen shot below displays the circuit tacks with 10 and 20 mil isolations FPA ele Ede view Tools BA weken Hels Cet tS 2 58 ePeo te fF Board Placement lt is very important for proper board placement before beginning the routing process The small circle midway between the top and bottom board edges and close 3 X s over to the left edge represents the actual dowel pin holding the copper plate in place on the Quick Circuit routing machine Note the Quick Circuit router has built in limit switches that prevent routing within 5 inches from the edge of the copper plate To position the board for routing 1 Find an open location on the copper board plate Page 17 of 21 2 Measure from the closest edges of the copper plate the X and Y position of the circuit border see Note above 3 Change all layers to edit 4 Select the circuit board and move it close to the area that corresponds to the copper plate measurements taken in step 2 5 Select Tool gt Measure 6 Use the measuring tool to determine the actual X and Y distances of the board s placement in relation to the borders The screen shot below displays the measuring tool s X dimension from the circuit border to that of the border representing the copper plate Ei gb gk view Toots Mi pike Hein Debs 8 RB aaa Nl Seo te TE Routing the board Graphical descripti
6. d circuit board Any excess dust is removed by disconnecting the vacuum hose from the Quick Circuit routing machine Page 21 of 21
7. ick on layer 25 tNames Page 2 of 21 The screen shot below displays the desired circuit layout within the board area 7 2 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Edit Draw View Tools Library Options Window Help an ISCR GULP i lt p 0 05 inch 270215 m Ta i To calculate the shortest possible component airwire connections e select Tools gt Ratsnest or click on the Ratsnest command icon Design Rules Design Rules specify all parameters relative to board fabrication To access Design Rules 1 Select Tools gt Drc Design rule check or click on the Dre command icon 2 Select the Clearance tab a Set Wire and Pad clearance to 20mil This value refers to the minimum distance between copper traces solder pads or any vias holes in the board Page 3 of 21 DRC default Ve File Layers Clearance Distance Sizes Restring Shapes Supply Masks Different Signals Wire 20mil Pad Pad 20mil 20mil Via 20mil 20mil Same Signals Pad Smd 8mil Bmil Minimum Clearance between objects in signal layers The Same Signals check between Sand Ia does not apply to Afero Vias Setting the values for the Same Signals checks to 0 disables the respective check n a 3 Select the Distance tab a 60mil is an adequate distance for setting the Copper Demension entry b Set the entry for Drill Hole to 75mil DRC default
8. n View as shown in the next screen shot Page 14 of 21 1 click on Tools gt Create Rectangles 2 Draw a rectangle around the circuit as shown below EES Eke Eide Wow Tools Ei Winder Help a Oe EB LOO FEO SPO te e re iue Page 15 of 21 Text may be added to the design if desired To add text 1 2 3 el S View gt Layer Table click on new layer Click each layer icon in the upper left corner of the screen and set all but the new layer on View select Tools gt Create Text enter the desired text in the text box set the text size to 05 inches with vector font selected place the text in an appropriate location on the board Track Isolations lsolations create an outline around the pads and tracks of the design so that the T Tech routing machine can route the board This process typically uses two isolations IsoPro will produce a single isolation for tracks too close for two passes in 1 Click Tools gt lsolate and observe the dialog box as shown below FPA Ee Ede Yew Tooth BM Wire Hel Ogee tte HR S484 SPPO tk ato Peas Toot Sane nehet ju m D soquared coke ct AUR of pane Phil Tal Sane finches ie B epid pads rasiii i fiiria Page 7 Tool Dae finches fo D copes utile ol pat ea Hose Lance i i l i l Page 16 of 21 2 Select the layer that needs to be isolated 3 Choosing the appropriate isolation widths and passes The default settings of 010 an
9. nfiguration box check inches for output file units 4 click OK 5 click OK for the drill bit sizes 6 Save the configuration file under the project Page 10 of 21 Cam Processor From the board window 1 select File gt Open Job 2 select WCU cam The CAM Processor will open up displaying the tracks layer with GERBER_RS274X selected as the Output Device 2 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 5551555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional File a Se ae Window Help RAIA 1 CAM Processor C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 cam WCU cam EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Layer Window Help TE capa paea aopa a Tracks Layer cea From the CAM Processor window select File gt Open gt Board select the brd board file to be processed Select Process Job When prompted Have you saved your board click OK When prompted Do NOT save changes to this job click OK oe eI save the two board files holes and tracks to some type of media storage device so that they can be imported into the IsoPro program Page 11 of 21 Importing Gerber Files into lsoPro 1 Open IsoPro 2 3 Open the holes file from the directory where your board files are click File gt Import gt Auto Detect Files located press enter a dialog box appears Highlight the drill setting with leading suppression and units in inches whose dimensions most closely match the board outline Click OK Iero IsePrul Fi gk pk view Tools pal
10. o Dril 0 023622 v ch 0 40 1 65 go To make jumper connections on the component side of the board as rae above Top layer is displayed red in Layout Editor select Draw gt Via or click the Via command icon 5 place the vias for the unconnected components in the desired locations on the board 3 select Edti gt Change gt Layer or the Change icon command gt Layer 4 select Top 5 route the trace between vias To add mounting holes for a board 1 select Draw gt Hole or click on the Hole command icon 2 place the holes in desired locations To change the size of a drill bit needed for a mounting hole 1 Edit gt Change gt Drill 2 Choose the size of drill bit needed Page 9 of 21 The circuit board below has 1 8 125 drill bit holes placed near the corners for mounting 1 Board C Program Files EAGLE 4 15 projects 5551555_practice brd EAGLE 4 15 Professional File Edit Draw Yiew Tools Library Options Window Help Preparing Board Layout Files for IlsoPro Transalation This section of the tutorial describes the process of preparing definition files for board drill and track specifications These files import into the IsoPro software which controls the T Tech routing machine Before beginning save the board under the project name Creating Drill files From the board window 1 Select File gt Run 2 Select the file drillcfg ulp Script command run drillcfg 3 In the Eagle Drill Co
11. ons of the tools used in routing the board are displayed on page 26 of the Quick Circuit User s Manual 1 Click on Mill gt lnitialize to prepare the machine for routing the board 2 Click Mill gt Run Layer 3 select the drill layer Page 18 of 21 Drilling the holes first is important since drilling them after the small pads have been cut may remove the copper from the board material The Run Layer dialog box is shown below TsoPra l i a FPA Ee Ede Yew Tooth BM Wire Hel Oe tS HR 584 SPO te Xue 4 Select Run and insert the proper drill bit A 032 drill is fine for most through hole components and connectors 5 Check for appropriate depth and execute the drilling cycle If the circuit board has mounting holes you will be prompted for a larger diameter drill bit 6 Once the holes are complete select the 010 layer When prompted for tool change replace the drill bit with the pointed tool for the 10 mil isolation Tool depth determines the width of the cut To check tool depth a select Mill gt Jog b move the milling tool to the area next to the Y axis border with room enough to make a practice cut c adjust the jog speed to the slowest position d click spindle on e click head down Page 19 of 21 f clicking the Y axis arrow move the milling tool while adjusting the depth adjustment or on the solenoid of the Quick Circuit router makes the cut deeper makes it shallower It may be ea
12. sier to use the keyboard arrows for this function g After milling a cut of at least an inch i click spindle off ii click head up h select Mill gt Move i when prompted type 10 in the box This moves the mill 010 j Repeat steps d and e k click the Y axis arrow or keyboard arrow and move the mill in the opposite direction do not adjust the depth I using the magnifying glass check to see if there is a thin copper line between the two cuts just made If not repeat the process with a shallower cut The screen shot below displays the Machine Jog tool Eige Ede Yew Tooth BM Wike Heb Cee Rte Let ARES a tle Xue 7 The 20 mil isolation layer routes using the end mil tool Depth adjustment is not necessary with the milling of this layer Page 20 of 21 select Mill gt Run Layer click on the 020 isolation select Run When prompted make the end mil tool change OO Oo WM 8 If a text layer was included use the same milling tool as that used for the 20 mil isolation layer a Select Mill gt Run Layer b Click on the text layer c select Run d use the same tool as in Step 6 9 The border will be the last layer routed a select Mill gt Run Layer b click on the border layer c Insert the contour router when the Tool Change prompt appears d Carefully adjust the contour routing tool with the or depth adjustment so that the tool cuts through the board material Remove the route
13. tka Heb Omata anl 7eaan sPpRoO tw eam Esa Repeat the import process for the tracks file Choose the file with leading suppression that most closely matches the dimensions of the holes file that was imported Moving the Pattern Onto the lsoPro Board Area Pe click View gt Zoom Out to view the entire drill and track pattern click Edit gt Select drag a box around the pattern the pattern is now grayed out change to the crosshair cursor Page 12 of 21 5 click and drag to move the selected pattern onto the outlined board area The screen shot below displays the grayed out drill hole and track pattern FEA ele Gat Wew Tools BA irde Help See EZEAN Mirroring the Board Next mirror the pattern so that the bottom or copper side will be facing upward for the routing of the circuit To mirror the pattern 1 select Edit gt Select 2 draw a box around pattern 3 click Edit gt Mirror Page 13 of 21 For comparison the screen shot below shows the mirrored image near the top of the screen with the original pattern below CEES ELTID Border and Text Layers Create an outline of the board is on a new layer so that the circuit is separated from the rest of the copper plated board material when the routing is complete To create a new layer 1 Select View gt Layer Table 2 click on new layer 3 Click each layer icon in the upper left corner of the screen to set all but the new layer o
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