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HUM-xxx-RC Data Guide

1. 15 00 25 00 35 00 45 00 55 00 65 00 75 00 85 00 95 00 RSSI Reading dBm 100 00 90 00 80 00 70 00 60 00 50 00 40 00 30 00 20 00 10 00 0 00 Input Power dBm Figure 22 HumRC Series Transceiver RSSI Voltage vs Input Power HUM 2 4 RC 15 00 25 00 35 00 45 00 55 00 65 00 75 00 85 00 95 00 105 00 1 100 00 90 00 80 00 70 00 60 00 50 00 40 00 30 00 20 00 10 00 0 00 Input Power dBm RSSI Reading dBm Standby Current o o gt o c o o A 8 Figure 23 HumRC Series Transceiver RSSI Voltage vs Input Power HUM 900 RC 14 1 80 1 60 a amp 1 40 AAA t vm t 1 20 Mery coke 5 loa 5 1 00 Oo gt 0 80 5 0 60 Sun P 0 40 AC 0 20 LLL 2 5 3 8 3 6 Supply Voltage V Figure 24 HumRC Series Transceiver Standby Current Consumption vs Supply Voltage HUM 2 4 RC eseevesoete 0 00 kc 2 5 3 8 3 6 Supply Voltage V Figure 25 HumRC Series Transceiver Standby Current Consumption vs Supply Voltage HUM 900 RC 15 PHLASOIINUHERES Pin Number Name I O Description A OUT Power Down Pulling this line low places the DAWES ONIN module into a low power state The module us FOWERZDOWN is not functional in this state Pull high for normal operation Do not leave floating K EN DATA IN EN K AC CMD A EN C LNA N C RE
2. TECHNOLOGIES HumRC Series Remote Control and Sensor Transceiver Data Guide Wireless made simple A Warning Some customers may want Linx radio frequency RF products to control machinery or devices remotely including machinery or devices that can cause death bodily injuries and or property damage if improperly or inadvertently triggered particularly in industrial settings or other applications implicating life safety concerns Life and Property Safety Situations NO OEM LINX REMOTE CONTROL OR FUNCTION MODULE SHOULD EVER BE USED IN LIFE AND PROPERTY SAFETY SITUATIONS No OEM Linx Remote Control or Function Module should be modified for Life and Property Safety Situations Such modification cannot provide sufficient safety and will void the product s regulatory certification and warranty Customers may use our non Function Modules Antenna and Connectors as part of other systems in Life Safety Situations but only with necessary and industry appropriate redundancies and in compliance with applicable safety standards including without limitation ANSI and NFPA standards It is solely the responsibility of any Linx customer who uses one or more of these products to incorporate appropriate redundancies and safety standards for the Life and Property Safety Situation application Do not use this or any Linx product to trigger an action directly from the data line or RSSI lines without a protocol or encoder decode
3. Transmit an Acknowledge With Data AWD response with two bytes of custom data Transmit a general IU packet Write all NV changes to NV memory Initiate Cancel RF Pairing with another module Command Data Interface Parameters Parameter Device Name Firmware Version Serial Number Local Address Status Line I O Mask Latch Mask TX Power Level Control Source Message Select Analog Input Select Custom Data Source Paired Module Descriptor Trigger Operation Receiver Duty Cycle O Lines RSSI LADJ odule Status Captured Receive Packet nterrupt Mask Event Flags Analog Input Reading Trigger Input Status Pairing Status Description NULL terminated string of up to 16 characters that identifies the module Read only 2 byte firmware version Read only 4 byte factory set serial number Read only The module s 32 bit local address Status lines direction 1 Inputs O Outputs LSB SO used when enabled by Control Source Latching enable for output lines LSB SO used when enabled by Control Source TX output power signed nominal dBm used when enabled by Control Source Configures the control options Select message types to capture for serial readout Define analog sources averaging reference and offset for analog readings Source of transmitted custom data Sets the address and permissions mask of paired modules Input Trigger operation Receiver Duty Cycle control Re
4. 29 0 27 0 Supply Current mA m m m ce _ wo o o o o o EN o A ge o 35 0 30 0 25 0 20 0 15 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 TX Output Power dBm Figure 10 HumRC Series Transceiver Average Current vs Transmitter Output Power at 2 5V HUM 2 4 RC 40 0 35 0 30 0 25 0 Supply Current mA 20 0 15 0 30 0 250 200 15 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 TX Output Power dBm Figure 11 HumRC Series Transceiver Average Current vs Transmitter Output Power at 2 5V HUM 900 RC 31 0 29 0 427 0 E t 25 0 o 19 0 17 0 15 0 T T T T T T T T 1 35 0 30 0 25 0 0 200 15 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 TX Output Power dBm Figure 13 HumRC Series Transceiver Average TX Current vs Transmitter Output Power at 3 3V HUM 2 4 RC 40 0 35 0 30 0 25 0 Supply Current mA 20 0 15 0 30 0 250 20 0 15 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 TX Output Power dBm Figure 12 HumRC Series Transceiver Average TX Current vs Transmitter Output Power at 3 3V HUM 900 RC 29 0 A AAA 28 5 28 0 27 5 27 0 Supply Current mA 26 5 26 0 T T 1 2 0 2 5 3 3 3 6 Supply Voltage V Figure 14 HumRC Series Transceiver TX Current vs Supply Voltage at Max Power HUM 2 4 RC 39 5 39 0 T 38 5 38 0 rrent m 3375L a 37 0 pply C 2 36 5 36 0 35 5 Sup
5. A loop or trace style antenna is normally printed directly on a product s PCB Figure 64 This makes it the most cost effective of antenna Styles The element can be made self resonant or externally resonated with discrete components but its actual layout is usually product specific Despite the cost advantages loop style antennas are generally inefficient and useful only for short range applications They are also very sensitive to changes in layout and PCB dielectric which can cause consistency issues during production In addition printed styles are difficult to engineer requiring the use of expensive equipment including a network analyzer An improperly designed loop will have a high VSWR at the desired frequency which can cause instability in the RF stage Figure 64 Loop or Trace Antenna Linx offers low cost planar Figure 65 and chip antennas that mount directly to a product s PCB These tiny antennas do not require testing and provide excellent performance despite their small size They offer a preferable alternative to the often problematic printed antenna Figure 65 SP Series Splatch and uSP MicroSplatch Antennas ps 222 18 Meroe ANTI LA REDE Regulatory Considerations Note Linx RF modules are designed as component devices that require external components to function The purchaser understands that additional approvals may be required prior to the sale or operation of the device and agre
6. 916 SP Figure 47 HumRC Series Transceiver Castellation Version Reference Design Power Supply Requirements The module does not have an internal Voc TO voltage regulator therefore it requires a clean MODULE well regulated power source The power supply noise should be less than 20mV Power supply vec IN noise can significantly affect the module s performance so providing a clean power supply for the module should be a high priority during design 10uF Figure 48 Supply Filter A 100 resistor in series with the supply followed by a 10uF tantalum capacitor from V to ground helps in cases where the quality of supply power is poor Figure 48 This filter should be placed close to the module s supply lines These values may need to be adjusted depending on the noise present on the supply line Antenna Considerations The choice of antennas is a tran critical and often overlooked V i 3 design consideration The range N 9 performance and legality of an RF pt p link are critically dependent upon the Y m antenna While adequate antenna X c performance can often be obtained e j d by trial and error methods antenna design and matching is a complex Figure 49 Linx Antennas task Professionally designed antennas such as those from Linx Figure 49 help ensure maximum performance and FCC and other regulatory compliance Please see General Antenna Rules for more information It is usually
7. Devices described in this publication may contain proprietary patented or copyrighted techniques components or materials Under no circumstances shall any user be conveyed any license or right to the use or ownership of such items 2015 Linx Technologies All rights reserved The stylized Linx logo Wireless Made Simple WiSE CipherLinx and the stylized CL logo are trademarks of Linx Technologies
8. of the ACK EN line It can receive a command perform an action and then take the line high to send Acknowledgement packets This lets the user on the other end know that the action took place and not just that the command was received Usage Guidelines for FCC and IC Compliance The pre certified versions of the HumRC Series module HUM 900 RC UFL and HUM 900 RC CAS are provided with an FCC and Industry Canada Modular Certification This certification shows that the module meets the requirements of FCC Part 15 and Industry Canada license exempt RSS standards for an intentional radiator The integrator does not need to conduct any further testing under these rules provided that the following guidelines are met e An approved antenna must be directly coupled to the module s U FL connector through an approved coaxial extension cable or to the module s castellation pad using an approved reference design and PCB layer stack e Alternate antennas can be used but may require the integrator to perform certification testing e The module must not be modified in any way Coupling of external circuitry must not bypass the provided connectors e End product must be externally labeled with Contains FCC ID OJM900MCA IC 5840A 900MCA e The end product s user s manual must contain an FCC statement equivalent to that listed on page page 45 of this data guide e The antenna used for this transceiver must not be co located or operating in co
9. range of the system at the expense of higher current consumption and system cost Mode Indicator The Mode Indicator line MODE IND provides feedback about the current state of the module This line switches at different rates depending on the module s current operation When an LED is connected to this line it blinks providing a visual indication to the user Figure 34 gives the definitions of the MODE IND timings MODE_IND Timing Module Status Display Transmit Mode Solid ON when transmitting packets Receive Mode Solid ON when receiving packets Pair Search ON for 100ms OFF for 900ms while searching for another unit during the Pair process ON for 400ms OFF for 100ms when the transceiver has been Pair Found Paired with another transceiver This is displayed for at least 3 seconds Pair Error ON for 100ms OFF for 100ms when the address table is full and another unit cannot be added ON for 100ms OFF for 100ms ON for 100ms OFF for 300ms Remote Pair Error when the remote unit s address table is full and a Pair cannot be completed ON for 100ms OFF for 200ms ON for 100ms when the Pair process is cancelled ON for 600ms OFF for 100ms ON for 200ms OFF for 100ms Pair Cancelled Reset ON for 200ms and OFF for 100ms when the reset sequence is Acknowledgement recognized Extended Pair Solid ON when the pairing operation is cancelled and waiting for the Cancelled PAIR line to go low Figure 34 MODE IND Ti
10. the status lines can be configured as analog inputs to measure voltage levels An IU can send a Request Sample command to an RU to respond with the analog measurements in the acknowledgement This allows a master unit to remotely read a sensor device without having to place a microcontroller on the sensor The transceiver can be configured to respond with one or both analog values through the CDI Please see Reference Guide RG 00104 the HumRC Series Command Data Interface for details on the CDI Permissions Mask The HumRC Series Transceiver has a Permissions Mask in the RU that is used to control which status lines an IU is authorized to control With most Systems if a transmitter is associated with a receiver then it has full control over the receiver With the Permissions Mask a transmitter can be granted authority to control only certain receiver outputs If an IU does not have the authority to activate a certain line then the RU does not set it As an example a factory worker can be given a fob that only opens the door to the factory floor while the CEO has a fob that can also open the executive offices The hardware in the fobs is the same but the permissions masks are set differently for each fob The Pair process always sets the Permission Mask to full access The mask can be changed through the serial interface The Pair Process The Pair process enables two transceivers to communicate with each other Each transceiver ha
11. 1 0 2 55 3 0 2 12 48 8 Figure 53 Example Microstrip Calculations Board Layout Guidelines The module s design makes integration straightforward however it is still critical to exercise care in PCB layout Failure to observe good layout techniques can result in a significant degradation of the module s performance A primary layout goal is to maintain a characteristic 50 ohm impedance throughout the path from the antenna to the module Grounding filtering decoupling routing and PCB stack up are also important considerations for any RF design The following section provides some basic design guidelines During prototyping the module should be soldered to a properly laid out circuit board The use of prototyping or perf boards results in poor performance and is strongly discouraged Likewise the use of sockets can have a negative impact on the performance of the module and is discouraged The module should as much as reasonably possible be isolated from other components on your PCB especially high frequency circuitry such as crystal oscillators switching power supplies and high speed bus lines When possible separate RF and digital circuits into different PCB regions Make sure internal wiring is routed away from the module and antenna and is secured to prevent displacement Do not route PCB traces directly under the module There should not be any copper or traces under the module on the same layer as the module just ba
12. 1 12 13 ALIA ALAA 88656828 O a 5 o r a0 E Gs o A Figure 29 HumRC Series Transceiver Pre certified Version Pin Assignments UFL Connection Top View Module Dimensions 0 55 h 13 97 1 0 45 11 43 5 0 07 CI noi 78 Figure 30 HumRC Series Transceiver Dimensions 0 812 L 20 62 0 45 11 43 X 0 116 2 95 Figure 31 HumRC Series Transceiver Pre certified Version Dimensions Theory of Operation The HumRCTM Series transceiver is a low cost high performance synthesized FSK transceiver Figure 32 shows the module s block diagram DEMODULATOR GPIO ANTENNA INTERFAGE O INTERFACE MODULATOR Figure 32 HumRC Series Transceiver RF Section Block Diagram The HumRC Series transceiver operates in the 2400 to 2483MHz and 902 to 928MHz frequency bands The transmitter output power is programmable The range varies depending on the module s frequency band antenna implementation and the local RF environment The FF carrier is generated directly by a frequency synthesizer that includes an on chip VCO The received RF signal is amplified by a low noise amplifier LNA and down converted to I Q quadrature signals The I Q signals are digitized by ADCs A low power onboard communications processor performs the radio control and management functions including Automatic Gain Control AGC filtering demodulation and packet synch
13. 2 Power Down Current EN 05 1 4 HA 1 2 RF Section Operating Frequency Band Fo MHz HUM 2 4 RC 2400 2483 5 MHz HUM 900 RC xxx 902 928 MHz Number of Channels 25 Channel Spacing HUM 2 4 RC 2 03 MHz HUM 900 RC xxx 500 kHz Modulation Rate 38 4 kbps Receiver Section Spurious Emissions 47 dBm Receiver Sensitivity HUM 2 4 RC 95 99 dBm HUM 900 RC xxx 94 98 dBm 5 RSSI Dynamic Range 85 dB Transmitter Section Output Power I HUM 2 4 RC 0 1 dBm HUM 900 RC xxx 8 5 49 5 dBm Harmonic Emissions P 41 dBc HumRC Series Transceiver Specifications TREN H _ T tts v T T E 28 mmm LI EE Range TX MODE IND l HUM 2 4 RC 8 jJej ej HUM 900 RC xxx 40 dB 6 RX Sx FE impedane a AC Operating Temp Range 40 85 Dd ModueTumOnTime Cwe loje Via POWER_DOWN 57 ms 4 Via Standby Serial Command Response Status Volatile R W Analog Input Reading RX MODE IND HumRC Series Transceiver Timings TX Response from V or POWER DOWN 8ms AB TX Response from Status line while IU in idle 12m TX Response from Status line while IU RU idle in RX m ms 3 5 5 Q Ojo o 2 Shutdown Duration RX MODE_IND Drop 6ms NV Update Factory Reset IU to RU Status High Channel Dwell Time EF Data Upate Daly Dung Acie Sesson Input F Logic Low lt o B Logic High Output Logic Low M
14. 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Any modifications could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Le pr sent appareil est conforme aux CNR d Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence L exploitation est autoris e aux deux conditions suivantes 1 l appareil ne doit pas pr
15. FL Connector HumRC Series Carrier Board with Certified module Exe RE CES Castellation Connection MDEV RC HumRC Series Master Development System EVAL RC HumRC Series Basic Evaluation Kit Frequency 900MHz 2 4GHz Figure 2 Ordering Information Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage V 0 3 to 3 9 VDC Any Input or Output Pin 0 3 to Mises Obs VDC RF Input 0 dBm Operating Temperature 40 to 85 C Storage Temperature 40 to 85 C Exceeding any of the limits of this section may lead to permanent damage to the device Furthermore extended operation at these maximum ratings may reduce the life of this device Figure 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings s 4 Warning This product incorporates numerous static sensitive components Always wear an ESD wrist strap and observe proper ESD handling procedures when working with this device Failure to observe this precaution may result in module damage or failure Electrical Specifications HumRC Series Transceiver Specifications Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Units Notes Power Supply Operating Voltage Voc 2 0 3 6 VDC Peak TX Supply Current Loss 2 4GHz at 1dBm 28 29 mA 1 2 2 4GHz at 10dBm 19 20 mA I2 900MHz at 10dBm 36 38 5 mA 1 2 900MHz at OdBm 22 24 mA 12 Average TX Supply Current 2 4GHz at 1dBm 22 24 mA 1 2 900MHz at 10dBm 27 5 28 5 mA 1 2 RX Supply Current eem 25 5 28 05 eee Standby Current ley 0 5 1 4 HA 1
16. Linx RF modules because the trace leading to the module s antenna can effectively contribute to the length of the antenna changing its resonant bandwidth In order to minimize loss and detuning some form of transmission line between the antenna and the module should be used unless the antenna can be placed very close lt 1 4in to the module One common form of transmission line is a coax cable and another is the microstrip This term refers to a PCB trace running over a ground plane that is designed to serve as a transmission line between the module and the antenna The width is based on the desired characteristic impedance of the line the thickness of the PCB and the dielectric constant of the board material For standard 0 062in thick FR 4 board material the trace width would be 111 mils The correct trace width can be calculated for other widths and materials using the information in Figure 52 and examples are provided in Figure 53 Software for calculating microstrip lines is also available on the Linx website Board Ground plane Ee 2 2 N1 12d4 W 60 8 W F W 1 m By E n or E vV Ee W 4d d Z 1207 w zl d For 4E enm 1 393 0 667 Z 1444 E Dielectric constant of PCB material Figure 52 Microstrip Formulas Example Microstrip Calculations Width Height Effective Dielectric Characteristic Dielectric Constant Ratio W d Constant Impedance Q 4 80 1 8 3 59 50 0 4 00 2 0 3 07 5
17. ODE_IND CONFIRM Logic High MODE_IND CONFIRM Logic Low z Figure 5 HumRC Series Timings lt o E 0 3 V VD 5 EM i 2 lt o 2 ary eo Logic High o E OC Sg 2 0 Figure 4 Electrical Specifications Typical Performance Graphs 5 00 0 00 5 00 10 00 15 00 20 00 TX Output Power dBm 25 00 30 00 0 00 0 25 0 50 0 75 1 00 1 25 1 50 1 75 2 00 2 25 2 50 2 75 3 00 3 25 3 30 LVL ADJ Voltage V Figure 6 HumRC Series Transceiver Output Power vs LVL_ADJ Resistance HUM 2 4 RC TX Output Power dBm 0 00 0 08 0 15 0 23 0 30 0 38 0 45 0 53 0 61 0 68 0 76 0 83 0 91 0 98 1 00 LVL ADJ Voltage V Figure 7 HumRC Series Transceiver Output Power vs LVL_ADJ Resistance HUM 900 RC 5 0 Eo pe U S 40 3 0 a 3 25 C ou 320 Oo 8 1 0 E 2 w 0 0 E E LE Nan x66 116 1 0 2 0 2 5 3 3 3 6 Supply Voltage V Figure 8 HumRC Series Transceiver Max Output Power vs Supply Voltage HUM 2 4 RC 11 0 10 5 40 C 10 0 o a 25 C 2 amp 9 5 2 Oo x E 9 0 eesseesecees eeesecsece e e eeeeseee e s es esee e ee e eeeeeeee e seee e e 6 eseee e 85 C 8 5 2 5 3 3 3 6 Supply Voltage V Figure 9 HumRC Series Transceiver Max Output Power vs Supply Voltage HUM 900 RC
18. RE THE SAFETY OF LIFE OR PROPERTY IS AT RISK Linx Technologies DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN NO EVENT SHALL LINX TECHNOLOGIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY OF CUSTOMER S INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY FROM ANY DEFECTIVE OR NON CONFORMING PRODUCTS OR FOR ANY OTHER BREACH OF CONTRACT BY LINX TECHNOLOGIES The limitations on Linx Technologies liability are applicable to any and all claims or theories of recovery asserted by Customer including without limitation breach of contract breach of warranty strict liability or negligence Customer assumes all liability including without limitation liability for injury to person or property economic loss or business interruption for all claims including claims from third parties arising from the use of the Products The Customer will indemnify defend protect and hold harmless Linx Technologies and its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates distributors and representatives from and against all claims damages actions suits proceedings demands assessments adjustments costs and expenses incurred by Linx Technologies as a result of or arising from any Products sold by Linx Technologies to Customer Under no conditions will Linx Technologies be responsible for losses arising from the use or failure of the device in any application other than the repair replacement or refund limited to the original product purchase price
19. SET M C vec If this line is high then the status line outputs are latched a received command to activate a status line toggles the output 18 LATCH_EN state If this line is low then the output lines are momentary active for as long as a valid C GND signal is received C ANT 19 ANTENNA _ 50 ohm RF Antenna Port C GND 21 eG Supply Voltage hv hn C CMD DAT C GND RRP Po wo N eo MODE IND 9 3 ACK OUT 31 LVL ADJ 5 32 S7 2 S6 5 2 E o A BEGET This line resets the module when pulled low K GND 22 RESET l It should be pulled high for normal operation P N E Oo C GND Low Noise Amplifier Enable This line is C GND 23 LNA EN O driven high when receiving It is intended to S5 activate an optional external LNA S4 ROM A I ur Roo C GND Power Amplifier Enable This line is driven 24 PA EN O high when transmitting It is intended to activate an optional external power amplifier o i uk ine k 99 LATCH EN 5 S3 S25 o 1 N SO GND 5 c C0 C12 POWER DOWN Command Data Out Output line for the CMD_DATA_OUT O serial interface commands Command Data In Input line for the serial interface commands If serial control is not 27 CMD_DATA_IN used this line should be tied to supply to minimize current consumption Pull
20. ad the current state of the status and control lines Read only Read the RSSI of the last packet received and ambient level Read only Read the voltage on the LVL ADJ line Read only Read the operating status of the module Read only Read the last received packet Read only Sets the mask for events to generate a break on CMD DATA OUT Event flags that are used with the Interrupt Mask Readout of the analog input lines Read only Status of Trigger Inputs Read only Status of Last Pair attempt since power up Read only Figure 40 HumRC Series Transceiver Command Data Interface Commands Figure 41 HumRC Series Transceiver Command Data Interface Parameters Basic Hardware Operation wae The following steps describe how to use the HumRC Series module with hardware only Basic application circuits that correspond to these steps are shown in Figure 42 VCC VCC VCC GND 1 Set the CO and C1 lines opposite on both sides GND GND 4 PA EN S 2 Press the PAIR button on both sides The MODE IND LED begins orc flashing slowly to indicate that the module is searching for another module CMD_DATA_IN GND ACK_OUT CMD_DATA_OUT VCC LVL ADJ S7 GND lt S6 3 Once the pairing is complete the MODE IND LED flashes quickly to indicate that the pairing was successful S5 S4 POWER DOWN LATCH EN 4 The modules are now paired and ready for normal use 5 Pressing a st
21. ages containing the local address and the state of all status lines Between transmissions the module listens for acknowledgement messages If an Acknowledge ACK or Acknowledge with Data AWD message is received for the transmitted data the ACK OUT line is asserted for 100ms The ACK_OUT timing restarts on each ACK or AWD packet that is received The transceiver sends control messages every 13 33ms as long as any of the status line inputs is high updating the status line states with each packet When all input lines are low the module starts the shutoff sequence During the shutoff sequence the transmitter sends at least one packet with all outputs off It then continues to transmit data until the current channel hopping cycle is complete resulting in balanced channel use If an input line is asserted during the shutoff sequence the transmitter cancels the shutoff and extends the transmission sequence The Transmit Control Data and Transmit IU Packet serial commands instruct the module to send control messages The Transmit Control Data command is the serial command version of taking a status line input high An external microcontroller can use this command to send a specified number of packets with a specified Status byte rather than taking status lines high The Transmit IU Packet command sends a packet that causes the RU to respond with a packet that can include the readings of its two analog inputs This is good for reading remote
22. asic Application Circuit In this example CO is high and C1 is low so S0 S3 are inputs and S4 S7 are outputs The inputs are connected to buttons that pull the lines high and weak pull down resistors to keep the lines from floating when the buttons are not pressed The outputs would be connected to external application circuitry LATCH EN is low so the outputs are momentary The Command Data Interface is not used in this design so CMD DATA IN is tied high and CMD DATA OUT is not connected ACK_OUT and MODE IND are connected to LEDs to provide visual indication to the user PAIR is connected to a button and pull down resistor to initiate the Pair Process when the button is pressed ACK EN is tied high so the module sends acknowledgements as soon as it receives a control message GND CMD DATA IN CMD DATA OUT gt 9 z 4 6 G p o j z o iu MODE IND lt ACK OUT LVL ADJ s7 GND 2 gt eND S6 GND Henn S5 Q z o F o F4 o S4 POWER DOWN LATCH EN Figure 44 HumRC Series Transceiver Typical Application Circuit with External Microprocessor In this example CO is low and C1 is high so SO S8 are outputs and S4 S7 are inputs This is inverted from the circuit in Figure 43 making it the matching device In this circuit the Command Data Interface is connected to a microcontroller for using some of the advanced features The microcontroller controls the state
23. ate of each of the status lines The line states are placed into a packet along with the local 32 bit address The IU transmits the control packets as it hops among 25 RF channels An RU receives the packet and checks its Paired Module List to see if the IU has been paired with the module and is authorized to control it If the IU s address is not in the table then the RU ignores the transmission If the address is in the table then the RU calculates the channel hopping pattern from the IU s address and sets its status line outputs according to the received packet It then hops along with the IU and updates the states of its outputs with every packet Its outputs can be connected to external circuitry that activates when the lines go high The RU can also send an acknowledgement back to the IU Using the Serial interface the RU can include up to two bytes of custom data with the acknowledgement such as sensor data or battery voltage levels Using the hardware control if ACK EN is high when a valid control packet is received the RU sends back a simple acknowledgement ACK It can send an Acknowledge with Data AWD response when custom data is programmed into the module using a serial command Transmit Operation Transmit operation can be started by a status line input going high or a serial command Basic remote control applications use the status line activation The module pulls the MODE IND line high and repeatedly transmits control mess
24. atus line button on one module the IU activates the corresponding status line output on the second module the RU 1 1 6 Taking the ACK EN line high on the RU causes the module to send an A VCC VCC VEC VCC acknowledgement to the IU The ACK OUT line on the IU goes high to indicate that the acknowledgement has been received Tying the line to V causes the module to send an acknowledgement as soon as a vec command message is received J VCC This is suitable for basic remote control or command systems No programming is necessary for basic hardware operation The Typical Applications section shows additional example schematics for using the modules GND GND PA EN z Si x Q MODE IND CMD DATA IN The Command Data Interface section describes the more advanced DS FREON features that are available with the serial interface CMD_DATA_OUT VCC LVL_ADJ S7 GND q S6 vcc o S5 vcc o S4 vcc o vec o LATCH_EN Figure 42 HumRC Series Transceiver Basic Application Circuits for Bi directional Remote Control 40 41 Typical Applications Figure 43 and Figure 44 show circuits using the HumRC Series transceiver VCC VCC VCC VCC GND A GND GND lt m MODE IND CMD DATA IN GND k ACK OUT CMD DATA OUT vcc LVL ADJ S7 S6 S5 S4 POWER DOWN LATCH EN VCC VCC VCC VCC Figure 43 HumRC Series Transceiver B
25. best to utilize a basic quarter wave whip until your prototype product is operating satisfactorily Other antennas can then be evaluated based on the cost size and cosmetic requirements of the product Additional details are in Application Note AN 00500 Interference Considerations The RF spectrum is crowded and the potential for conflict with unwanted sources of FF is very real While all RF products are at risk from interference its effects can be minimized by better understanding its characteristics Interference may come from internal or external sources The first step is to eliminate interference from noise sources on the board This means paying careful attention to layout grounding filtering and bypassing in order to eliminate all radiated and conducted interference paths For many products this is straightforward however products containing components such as switching power supplies motors crystals and other potential sources of noise must be approached with care Comparing your own design with a Linx evaluation board can help to determine if and at what level design specific interference is present External interference can manifest itself in a variety of ways Low level interference produces noise and hashing on the output and reduces the link s overall range High level interference is caused by nearby products sharing the same frequenoy or from near band high power devices It can even come from your own products if
26. channels is determined from 8 2 434 25 906 249 the transmitter s address Each sequence uses all 25 channels but in 9 2 436 25 906 749 different orders Once a transmission starts the module continues through 10 2 438 25 907 249 a complete cycle If the input line is taken low in the middle of a cycle 41 2 440 25 907 749 the module continues transmitting through the end of the cycle to ensure balanced use of all channels us gant musa 13 2 444 25 908 749 Frequency hopping has several advantages over single channel operation as BOOS 909 248 Hopping systems are allowed a higher transmitter output power which 15 2 448 25 909 748 results in longer range and better performance within that range Since 16 2 450 25 910 248 the transmission is moving among multiple channels interference on one 17 2 452 25 910 748 channel causes loss on that channel but does not corrupt the entire link 18 2 454 25 911 248 This improves the reliability of the system 19 2 456 25 911 748 20 2 458 25 912 248 21 2 460 25 912 748 22 2 462 25 913 247 23 2 464 25 913 747 24 2 466 25 914 247 25 2 468 25 914 747 Figure 39 HumRC Series Transceiver RF Channel Frequencies 34 35 The Command Data Interface The HumRC Series transceiver has a serial Command Data Interface CDI that offers the option to configure and control the transceiver through software instead of through hardware This interface consists of a standard UART with a serial command set This a
27. ctivate an automatic receiver duty cycle to conserve battery power e Receive the entire control message serially instead of needing to monitor individual status lines Get the IU address for logging access attempts e Receive control messages from unpaired modules allowing for expansion of the system beyond the maximum of 40 paired units Access control and address validation can be undertaken by an external processor or PC with more memory than the module e Serial configure and control acknowledge messages e Send and receive 2 bytes 16 bits of custom data with each command message and acknowledge message e Gerially initiate transmission of control messages instead of triggering the status line inputs e Set interrupts to notify an external processor when specific events occur such as receiving a control message e Read out the RSSI value for the last received packet and the current ambient RF level e Query a remote unit to respond with its analog input voltage measurements e Configure the module to send triggered control messages that automatically stop transmitting based on the settings conserving battery power The serial interface offers a great deal of flexibility for use more complicated designs Please see Reference Guide RG 00104 the HumRC Series Command Data Interface for details on the CDI Lists of the serial commands and parameters are shown in Figure 40 and Figure 41 for reference Serial Setup Conf
28. d version allows the use of embedded antennas as well as removes the cost of a cable assembly for the u FL connector However the PCB design and layer stack must follow one of the reference designs for the certification on the HUM 900 RC CAS to be valid Figure 46 shows the PCB layer stack that should be used Figure 47 shows the layout and routing designs for the different antenna options Please see the antenna data sheets for specific ground plane counterpoise requirements Top Layer Dielectric 1 14 00mil FR 4 Er 4 6 Mid Layer 1 Dielectric 2 28 00mil FR 4 Er 4 6 Mid Layer 2 Dielectric 3 14 00mil FR 4 Er 4 6 Bottom Layer Figure 46 HumRC Series Transceiver Castellation Version Reference Design PCB Stack Note The PCB design and layer stack for the HUM 900 RC CAS must follow these reference designs for the pre certification to be valid The HUM 900 RC UFL and the HUM 900 RC CAS must use one of the antennas in Figure 45 in order for the certification to be valid The HUM 900 RC and HUM 2 4 RC have not been tested and require full compliance testing in the end product as it will go to market All modules require unintentional radiator compliance testing in the end product as it will go to market ANT 916 CW QW ANT 916 CW HW ANT 916 WRT RPS CONREVSMAO003 062 24mil ANT 916 PW LP Ground plane on Mid Layer 1 ANT 916 Pw RA dez 2 wn O d Units are in mils ANT
29. dielectric properties Since such compounds can considerably impact RF performance and the ability to rework or service the product it is the responsibility of the designer to evaluate and qualify the impact and suitability of such materials Helpful Application Notes from Linx It is not the intention of this manual to address in depth many of the issues that should be considered to ensure that the modules function correctly and deliver the maximum possible performance We recommend reading the application notes listed in Figure 54 which address in depth key areas of RF design and application of Linx products These applications notes are available online at www linxtechnologies com or by contacting the Linx literature department Helpful Application Note Titles Note Number Note Title AN 00100 RF 101 Information for the RF Challenged AN 00126 Considerations for Operation Within the 902 928MHz Band AN 00130 Modulation Techniques for Low Cost RF Data Links AN 00140 The FCC Road Part 15 from Concept to Approval AN 00500 Antennas Design Application Performance AN 00501 Understanding Antenna Specifications and Operation RG 00104 RC Series Transceiver Command Data Interface Reference Guide Figure 54 Helpful Application Note Titles 55 Production Guidelines The module is housed in a hybrid SMD package that supports hand and automated assembly techniques Since the modules contain discrete components internally the assembly p
30. e obtained from the Linx Technologies website www linxtechnologies com In brief these rules require that any device that intentionally radiates RF energy be approved that is tested for compliance and issued a unique identification number This is a relatively painless process Final compliance testing is performed by one of the many independent testing laboratories across the country Many labs can also provide other certifications that the product may require at the same time such as UL CLASS A B etc Once the completed product has passed an ID number is issued that is to be clearly placed on each product manufactured Questions regarding interpretations of the Part 2 and Part 15 rules or the measurement procedures used to test intentional radiators such as Linx RF modules for compliance with the technical standards of Part 15 should be addressed to Federal Communications Commission Equipment Authorization Division Customer Service Branch MS 1300F2 7435 Oakland Mills Road Columbia MD US 21046 Phone 1 301 725 585 Fax 1 301 344 2050 Email labinfo fcc gov ETSI Secretaria 650 Route des Lucioles 06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex FRANCE Phone 433 0 4 92 94 42 00 Fax 33 0 4 93 65 47 16 International approvals are slightly more complex although Linx modules are designed to allow all international standards to be met If the end product is to be exported to other countries contact Linx to determine the specific s
31. es to utilize the component in keeping with all laws governing its use in the country of operation When working with RF a clear distinction must be made between what is technically possible and what is legally acceptable in the country where operation is intended Many manufacturers have avoided incorporating RF into their products as a result of uncertainty and even fear of the approval and certification process Here at Linx our desire is not only to expedite the design process but also to assist you in achieving a clear idea of what is involved in obtaining the necessary approvals to legally market a completed product For information about regulatory approval read AN 00142 on the Linx website or call Linx Linx designs products with worldwide regulatory approval in mind In the United States the approval process is actually quite straightforward The regulations governing RF devices and the enforcement of them are the responsibility of the Federal Communications Commission FCC The regulations are contained in Title 47 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations CFR Title 47 is made up of numerous volumes however all regulations applicable to this module are contained in Volume 0 19 It is strongly recommended that a copy be obtained from the FCC s website the Government Printing Office in Washington or from your local government bookstore Excerpts of applicable sections are included with Linx evaluation kits or may b
32. fier Control Mode Indicator Reset to Factory Default Using the LVL_ADJ Line Receiver Duty Cycle Using the LATCH_EN Line Using the Low Power Features Triggered Transmissions Frequency Hopping The Command Data Interface Serial Setup Configuration for Stand alone Operation 30 32 34 34 35 36 37 37 39 40 40 40 42 44 46 Basic Hardware Operation Typical Applications Power Supply Requirements Antenna Considerations Helpful Application Notes from Linx Interference Considerations Pad Layout Board Layout Guidelines Microstrip Details Production Guidelines Hand Assembly Automated Assembly General Antenna Rules Common Antenna Styles Regulatory Considerations HumRC Series Remote Control Li ees and Sensor Transceiver nx Data Guide TECHNOLOGIES Description 337 The HumRC Series transceiver is designed for reliable bi directional remote control applications It consists of a highly optimized Tp IN Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS HF transceiver and integrated remote control transcoder The FHSS system allows higher HF output power and therefore longer range A than narrowband radios It also provides much more noise immunity than narrowband radios making the module suitable for use in noisy environments L_mnnmnnnmnnmnnm_ I Figure 1 Package Dimensions Eight status lines can be set up in any combination of inputs and outputs for the transfer of butto
33. for the transmitter by the FCC and Industry Canada To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power e i r p is not more than that necessary for successful communication The HUM 900 RC UFL and HUM 900 RC CAS radio transmitters have been approved by the FCC and Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in Figure 45 with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated Antenna types not included in this list having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type are strictly prohibited for use with this device Conform ment la r glementation d Industrie Canada le pr sent metteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d un type et d un gain maximal ou inf rieur approuv pour l metteur par Industrie Canada Dans le but de r duire les risques de brouillage radio lectrique l intention des autres utilisateurs il faut choisir le type d antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonn e quivalente p i r e ne d passe pas l intensit n cessaire l tablissement d une communication satisfaisante Le pr sent metteur radio HUM 900 RC UFL HUM 900 RC CAS a t approuv par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d antenne num r s la Figure 45 et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l i mp dance requise pour chaque t
34. he responding side received the command When the Responding Unit RU receives a valid Control Packet it checks the state of the ACK EN line If it is high the module sends an Acknowledgement Packet If the Initiating Unit IU receives an Acknowledgement Packet that has the same Address and Status Byte as in the Control Packet it originally sent then it pulls the ACK OUT line high A continuous stream of Control Packets that triggers a continuous stream of Acknowledgement Packets keeps the ACK OUT line high Connecting the ACK EN line to V causes the RU to transmit Acknowledgement Packets as soon as it receives a valid Control Packet Alternately this line can be controlled by an external circuit that raises the line when a specific action has taken place This confirms to the IU that the action took place rather than just acknowledging receipt of the signal The module can also be configured to transmit an acknowledgement with two bytes of preset data This feature is enabled using the Control Source parameter through the Command Data Interface CDI The IU outputs the received bytes on its CDI for presentation to an external microcontroller or computer The data can include sensor values battery voltage levels or current status line states Note Only one RU should be enabled to transmit an acknowledgement response for a given IU since multiple acknowledgements will interfere with each other Automatic Responses Two of
35. igh If a paired unit is already in the Paired Module List then no additional entry is added though the existing entry s Permissions Mask may be modified When Pairing is initiated the module pairs with the first unit it finds that is also in Pair Search If multiple systems are being Paired in the same area Such as in a production environment then steps should be taken to ensure that the correct units are paired with each other The Pair process can be cancelled by taking PAIR high a second time or by issuing the Pair Control command with Cancel Pairing option If the address table is full when the PAIR line is raised the Pair Table Full sequence is displayed on the MODE ND line for 10 seconds and neither of the Pairing units stores an address In this case the module should either be reset to clear the address table or the serial interface can be used to remove addresses Configuring the Status Lines Each of the eight status lines can operate as a digital input or output Configuring their direction can be done in two ways Basic operation uses the CO and C1 lines When CO is low SO through S3 are outputs when CO is high SO through S3 are inputs Likewise when C1 is low S4 through S7 are outputs when C1 is high S4 through S7 are inputs This is shown in Figure 33 Status Line Direction Configuration Line 0 1 CO SO through S3 are outputs SO through S3 are inputs C1 S4 through S7 are outputs S4 through S7 are inputs Figu
36. iguration for Stand alone Operation The serial interface offers access to a number of advanced features that cannot be controlled through hardware configuration alone However not all products need or use a microcontroller or processor but would benefit from some of the advanced features Many of the configuration settings can be written once and then used by the module thereafter This allows the modules to be configured through a temporary serial connection and then operate in a stand alone fashion without a permanent serial connection For example a product can have a small header or connector so that the serial lines can be connected to a PC in production test The PC writes the configurations required by the application to the module and is then disconnected The module uses these configurations in its normal operation Command Data Interface Commands Command Description Read Read the current value in volatile memory If there is no volatile value then the non volatile value is returned Write Write a new value to volatile memory Read NV Read the value in non volatile memory Program Program a new value to non volatile memory eT Set all configuration items to their factory default values Erase All Addresses Transmit Control Data Transmit ACK Transmit AWD Transmit IU Packet NV Update Pair Control Erase all paired addresses from memory Transmit a control message Transmit an acknowledgement for received data
37. ing techniques however due to their hybrid nature certain aspects of the assembly process are far more critical than for other component types Following are brief discussions of the three primary areas where caution must be observed Reflow Temperature Profile The single most critical stage in the automated assembly process is the reflow stage The reflow profile in Figure 57 should not be exceeded because excessive temperatures or transport times during reflow will irreparably damage the modules Assembly personnel need to pay careful attention to the oven s profile to ensure that it meets the requirements necessary to successfully reflow all components while still remaining within the limits mandated by the modules The figure below shows the recommended reflow oven profile for the modules 300 Recommended RoHS Profile Recommended Non RoHS Profile q Max RoHS Profile 250 1 200 Temperature C 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 Time Seconds Figure 57 Maximum Reflow Temperature Profile Shock During Reflow Transport Since some internal module components may reflow along with the components placed on the board being assembled it is imperative that the modules not be subjected to shock or vibration during the time solder
38. is liquid Should a shock be applied some internal components could be lifted from their pads causing the module to not function properly Washability sse The modules are wash resistant but are not hermetically sealed Linx recommends wash free manufacturing however the modules can be subjected to a wash cycle provided that a drying time is allowed prior to applying electrical power to the modules The drying time should be sufficient to allow any moisture that may have migrated into the module to evaporate thus eliminating the potential for shorting damage during power up or testing If the wash contains contaminants the performance may be adversely affected even after drying 57 General Antenna Rules The following general rules should help in maximizing antenna performance 1 Proximity to objects such as a user s hand body or metal objects will cause an antenna to detune For this reason the antenna shaft and tip should be positioned as far away from such objects as possible Optimum performance is obtained from a or 1 2 wave straight whip mounted at a right angle to the ground plane Figure 58 In many cases this isn t desirable for practical or ergonomic reasons thus an alternative antenna style such as a helical loop or patch may be utilized and the corresponding sacrifice in performance accepted OPTIMUM USABLE NOT RECOMMENDED Figure 58 Ground Plane Orientation If an inte
39. lines S4 S7 When low the lines are outputs when high they are inputs Figure 27 HumRC Series Transceiver Pin Descriptions 16 17 Pre Certified Module Pin Assignments The pre certified version of the module has mostly the same pin assignments as the standard version The antenna connection is routed to either a castellation CAS or a u FL connector UFL depending on the part number ordered i z 98 b 5 z t cyvraaa a z zzzz fisgo E z D m Qv OGUE cb E x oO j NU 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 MODE IND 5 30 19 18 ACK OUT 5 31 LVL ADJ 5 32 S7 J 1 s6 5 2 Q S55 3 S45 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 AL lAL LAI li ai LAI LONE AI I 8925898650 68 5 r ao E s z o a Figure 28 HumRC Series Transceiver Pre certified Version Pin Assignments Castellation Connection Top View zo lt lt b 3280 z t rcr x ooa dloo Q O Z 2z lt zZ U o z a lt lt O CO n ile gt z 6 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 MODE IND 5 30 19 18 ACK OUT 5 31 LVL ADJ 5 32 s75 1 s6 5 2 S55 3 S45 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1
40. llows for fewer connections in applications controlled by a microcontroller as well as for more control and advanced features than can be offered through hardware pins alone The CMD DATA IN and CMD DATA OUT connect to the modules UART An automatic baud rate detection system allows the interface to run at a variable data rate from 9 0kbps to 60 0kbps covering standard rates from 9 6 to 57 6kbps The Command Data Interface has two sets of operators One is a set of commands that performs specific tasks and the other is a set of parameters that are for module configuration and status reporting The HumRC Series Transceiver Command Data Interface Reference Guide has full details on each command Some key features available with the serial interface are e Configure the module through software instead of setting the hardware lines e Change the output power providing the ability to lower power consumption when signal levels are good and extend battery life e Individually set which status lines are inputs and outputs e Individually set status line outputs to operate as momentary or latched e Add or remove specific paired devices e Individually set Permission Masks that prevent certain paired devices from activating certain status line outputs e Change the module s local address for production or tracking purposes or to replace a lost or broken product e Put the module into a low power state to conserve battery power e A
41. ming Reset to Factory Default The transceiver is reset to factory default by taking the Pair line high briefly 4 times then taking and holding Pair high for more than 3 seconds Each brief interval must be high 0 1 to 2 seconds and low 0 1 to 2 seconds 1 second nominal high low cycle The sequence helps prevent accidental resets Once the sequence is recognized the MODE IND line blinks the Reset Acknowledgement defined in Figure 34 until the PAIR line goes low After the Reset Acknowledgement is shown and PAIR goes low the configuration is initialized Factory reset also clears the Paired Module table but does not change the local address If the PAIR input timing doesn t match the reset sequence timing an Extended Pair Cancel sequence is shown when PAIR goes low The module reverts to normal operation without a reset or pairing Using the LVL_ADJ Line The Level Adjust LVL ADJ line allows the transceiver s output power to be easily adjusted for range control or lower power consumption This is done by placing a voltage on the LVL ADJ line This can be done using a voltage divider or a voltage source When the transceiver powers up the voltage on this line is measured and the output power level is set accordingly When LVL ADJ is connected to V the output power and current consumption are the highest When connected to ground the output power and current are the lowest See the Typical Performance Graphs section Figure 6 for a g
42. more than one transmitter is active in the same area It is important to remember that only one transmitter at a time can occupy a frequenoy regardless of the coding of the transmitted signal This type of interference is less common than those mentioned previously but in severe cases it can prevent all useful function of the affected device Although technically not interference multipath is also a factor to be understood Multipath is a term used to refer to the signal cancellation effects that occur when RF waves arrive at the receiver in different phase relationships This effect is a particularly significant factor in interior environments where objects provide many different signal reflection paths Multipath cancellation results in lowered signal levels at the receiver and shorter useful distances for the link 51 Pad Layout The pad layout diagrams below are designed to facilitate both hand and automated assembly Figure 50 shows the footprint for the smaller version and Figure 51 shows the footprint for the pre certified version 0 520 0015 IIIIIIINHET EEI 0 02 8 0 420 Em mm mm mm 0 090 0 420 0 050 0 s Tnne Figure 51 HUM RC UFL CAS Recommended PCB Layout Microstrip Details A transmission line is a medium whereby RF energy is transferred from one place to another with minimal loss This is a critical factor especially in high frequency products like
43. n or contact states A selectable acknowledgement indicates that the transmission was successfully received Versions are available in the 902 to 928MHz and 2 400 to 2 483MHz frequency bands Primary settings are hardware selectable which eliminates the need for an external microcontroller or other digital interface For advanced features optional software configuration is provided by a UART interface however no programming is required for basic operation Housed in a compact reflow compatible SMD package the transceiver requires no external RF components except an antenna which greatly simplifies integration and lowers assembly costs Features e Low power consumption e No external RF components e 2 possible addresses required e 8 status lines No programming tuning required e Bi directional remote control e Serial interface for optional Analog voltage and sensor inputs software operation configuration e Low power receive modes e Tiny PLCC 32 footprint e Selectable acknowledgements a a Revised 8 29 2015 Ordering Information Ordering Information Part Number Description HUM RC HumRC Series Remote Control Transceiver HumRC Series Remote Control Transceiver Certified UFL HUM 900 RC UFL Coneco HumRC Series Remote Control Transceiver Certified HUM 900 RC CAS Castellation Connection EVM RC HumRC Series Carrier Board HumRC Series Carrier Board with Certified module UFL EVM 900 RC U
44. nalog inputs through the Command Data Interface The voltage on an analog input can be transmitted upon activation of a digital input or automatically sent in response to a query from an IU These are ideal for sensor based applications A trigger configuration provides self timed periodic or limited length transmission when an input goes high The transceiver uses a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS algorithm This allows for higher output power and longer range than narrow band systems while still maintaining regulatory compliance All aspects of managing the FHSS operations are automatically handled by the module Transceiver Operation The transceiver has two modes of operation Initiating Unit IU that transmits control messages and Responding Unit RU that receives control messages If all of the status lines are set as inputs then the module is set as an IU only The module stays in a low power sleep mode until a status line goes high starting the Transmit Operation If all of the status lines are set as outputs then the module is set as an RU only It stays in Receive Operation looking for a valid transmission from a paired IU A module with both input and output status lines can operate as an IU and an RU The module idles in Receive Operation until either a valid transmission is received or a status line input goes high initiating the Transmit operation When an input goes high the transceiver captures the logic st
45. njunction with any other antenna or transmitter e The integrator must not provide any information to the end user on how to install or remove the module from the end product Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Linx Technologies could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Additional Testing Requirements The HUM 900 RC UFL and HUM 900 RC CAS modules have been tested for compliance as an intentional radiator but the integrator is required to perform unintentional radiator testing on the final product per FCC sections 15 107 and 15 109 and Industry Canada license exempt RSS standards Additional product specific testing might be required Please contact the FCC or Industry Canada regarding regulatory requirements for the application Ultimately is it the integrator s responsibility to show that their product complies with the regulations applicable to their product Versions other than the UFL and CAS have not been tested and require full compliance testing in the end product as it will go to market 44 Information to the user The following information must be included in the product s user manual FCC IC NOTICES This product contains FCC ID OJM900MCA IC 5840A 900MCA This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and Industry Canada license exempt RSS standards Operation of this device is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and
46. oduire de brouillage et 2 utilisateur de l appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radio lectrique subi m me si le brouillage est susceptible d en compromettre le fonctionnement 45 Product Labeling The end product containing the HUM 900 RC UFL or HUM 900 RC CAS must be labeled to meet the FCC and IC product label requirements It must have the below or similar text Contains FCC ID OJM900MCA IC 5840A 900MCA The label must be permanently affixed to the product and readily visible to the user Permanently affixed means that the label is etched engraved stamped silkscreened indelibly printed or otherwise permanently marked on a permanently attached part of the equipment or on a nameplate of metal plastic or other material fastened to the equipment by welding riveting or a permanent adhesive The label must be designed to last the expected lifetime of the equipment in the environment in which the equipment may be operated and must not be readily detachable FCC RF Exposure Statement To satisfy RF exposure requirements this device and its antenna must operate with a separation distance of at least 20cm from all persons and must not be co located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter Antenna Selection Under FCC and Industry Canada regulations the HUM 900 RC UFL and HUM 900 RC CAS radio transmitters may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum or lesser gain approved
47. ply Voltage V Figure 15 HumRC Series Transceiver TX Current vs Supply Voltage at Max Power HUM 900 RC 28 5 28 3 reeset 28 1 Supply Voltage V Figure 16 HumRC Series Transceiver TX Current vs Supply Voltage at OdBm HUM 2 4 RC 23 5 23 0 22 5 22 0 21 5 Supply Current mA 21 0 20 5 Supply Voltage V Figure 17 HumRC Series Transceiver TX Current vs Supply Voltage at 0dBm HUM 900 RC 11 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 Supply Voltage V Figure 18 HumRC Series Transceiver RX Current Consumption vs Supply Voltage HUM 2 4 RC 25 00 24 50 24 00 25 C 23 50 23 00 Supply Current mA 22 50 2 241 22 23 24 25 26 27 2829 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 Supply Voltage V Figure 19 HumRC Series Transceiver RX Current Consumption vs Supply Voltage HUM 900 RC 10 00 1 00 2 5V 3 3V 3 6V Average RX Current mA S 0 01 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 Duty Cycle s Figure 20 HumRC Series Transceiver Average RX Current Consumption vs Duty Cycle HUM 2 4 RC Aa Q o o 1 00 2 5V 3 3V 3 6V Average RX Current mA E 0 01 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 Duty Cycle s Figure 21 HumRC Series Transceiver Average RX Current Consumption vs Duty Cycle HUM 900 RC
48. r the consistent performance and cosmetic appeal of a professionally made model To meet this need Linx offers a wide variety of straight and reduced height whip style antennas in permanent and vi connectorized mounting styles Figure 61 Whip Style Antennas The wavelength of the operational frequency determines an antenna s overall length Since a full wavelength fost is often quite long a partial 1 2 or 4 wave antenna MHz is normally employed Its size and natural radiation Figure 62 L length in feet of resistance make it well matched to Linx modules quarter wave length The proper length for a straight 14 wave can be easily operating frequency determined using the formula in Figure 62 It is also in megahertz possible to reduce the overall height of the antenna by using a helical winding This reduces the antenna s bandwidth but is a great way to minimize the antenna s physical size for compact applications This also means that the physical appearance is not always an indicator of the antenna s frequency Linx offers a wide variety of specialized antenna Styles Figure 63 Many of these styles utilize helical elements to reduce the overall antenna size while maintaining reasonable performance A helical antenna s bandwidth is often quite narrow and the antenna can detune in proximity to other objects so pon Specialty Style care must be exercised in layout and placement Loop SMe NN RR I RR E
49. r to validate the data Without validation any signal from another unrelated transmitter in the environment received by the module could inadvertently trigger the action All RF products are susceptible to RF interference that can prevent communication RF products without frequency agility or hopping implemented are more subject to interference This module does have a frequency hopping protocol built in but the developer should still be aware of the risk of interference Do not use any Linx product over the limits in this data guide Excessive voltage or extended operation at the maximum voltage could cause product failure Exceeding the reflow temperature profile could cause product failure which is not immediately evident Do not make any physical or electrical modifications to any Linx product This will void the warranty and regulatory and UL certifications and may cause product failure which is not immediately evident Table of Contents BR N N a a 10 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 28 Description Features Ordering Information Electrical Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings Typical Performance Graphs Pin Assignments Pin Descriptions Theory of Operation Module Description Transceiver Operation Transmit Operation Receive Operation Acknowledgement Automatic Responses Permissions Mask The Pair Process Configuring the Status Lines External Ampli
50. raph of the output power vs L VL ADJ voltage Even in designs where attenuation is not anticipated it is a good idea to place resistor pads connected to L VL ADJ so that it can be used if needed Figure 35 shows the voltages needed to set each power level and gives the approximate output power for each level The output power levels are approximate and may vary part to part Power Level vs LVL_ADJ Voltage Ratio Viv apd Veo ratio Pour 915MHz Pour 2 4GHz 0 00 19 83 27 96 0 08 15 46 26 50 0 15 15 48 24 88 0 23 10 59 21 32 0 30 10 60 18 74 0 38 6 05 16 94 0 45 6 03 14 66 0 53 0 95 10 82 0 61 0 96 9 26 0 68 4 30 7 39 0 76 4 29 5 26 0 83 6 66 1 99 0 91 9 84 0 57 0 98 9 84 1 73 1 00 9 83 1 73 Figure 35 Power Level vs LVL_ADJ Voltage Voltage Ratio Receiver Duty Cycle The module can be configured to automatically power on and off while in receive mode Instead of being powered on all the time looking for transmissions from an IU the receiver can wake up look for data and go back to sleep for a configurable amount of time If it wakes up and receives valid data then it stays on and goes back to sleep when the data stops This significantly reduces the amount of current consumed by the receiver It also increases the time from activating the IU to getting a response from the RU The duty cycle is controlled by the Duty Cycle serial command through the CDI DOycle sets the number of seconds between
51. re 33 MODE IND Timing Advanced operation uses the CDI to set each line direction individually with the Status Line I O Mask item In addition the Control Source Item is used to tell the module to use the serial command instead of the hardware line configuration Up to two of the status lines in the S4 through S7 group can be configured as analog inputs An analog input line is used only for reading an input line voltage and converting it to a digital value Analog to Digital Conversion ADO The analog input selection is primary overriding digital input output selection An analog input reading can be transmitted to another module when functioning as either an IU or RU The digitized reading must be read through a serial command at the receiving end The analog setting is configured through the CDI using the Analog Input Select item Please see Reference Guide RG 00104 the HumRC Series Command Data Interface for details on the CDI External Amplifier Control The HumRC Series transceiver has two output lines that are designed to control external amplifiers The PA EN line goes high when the module enters transmit mode This can be used to activate an external power amplifier to boost the signal strength of the transmitter The LNA EN line goes high when the module enters receive mode This can be used to activate an external low noise amplifier to boost the receiver sensitivity These external amplifiers can significantly increase the
52. re PCB The underside of the module has traces and vias that could short or couple to traces on the product s circuit board The Pad Layout section shows a typical PCB footprint for the module A ground plane as large and uninterrupted as possible should be placed on a lower layer of your PC board opposite the module This plane is essential for creating a low impedance return for ground and consistent stripline performance Use care in routing the RF trace between the module and the antenna or connector Keep the trace as short as possible Do not pass it under the module or any other component Do not route the antenna trace on multiple PCB layers as vias add inductance Vias are acceptable for tying together ground layers and component grounds and should be used in multiples The CAS version must follow the layout in Figure 47 54 Each of the module s ground pins should have short traces tying immediately to the ground plane through a via Bypass caps should be low ESR ceramic types and located directly adjacent to the pin they are serving A 50 ohm coax should be used for connection to an external antenna A 50 ohm transmission line such as a microstrip stripline or coplanar waveguide should be used for routing RF on the PCB The Microstrip Details section provides additional information In some instances a designer may wish to encapsulate or pot the product There are a wide variety of potting compounds with varying
53. receiver turn on points as shown in Figure 36 i DCycle i T Tsay i i KeepOn i Activity 1 on 1 1 i 1 Standby 2 ON i Figure 36 Receiver Duty Cycle The module s average current consumption can be calculated with the following equation Ton x Inx Tsay x Isav DCycle lava Figure 37 Receiver Duty Cycle Average Current Consumption Equation Ton is fixed at about 0 326 seconds and T DCycle T4 The receiver current lp and standby current l sy vary with supply voltage but some typical values are in Figure 38 HumRC Series Typical Current Consumption V cc VDC 2 5 3 3 3 6 l 21 45 21 82 22 03 mA HUM 2 4 RC Isa 0 00040 0 00058 0 00063 mA l 22 94 23 73 24 02 mA HUM 900 RC PA 0 00040 0 00058 0 00063 Figure 38 HumRC Series Transceiver Typical Current Consumption Figure 20 and Figure 21 show graphs of the average current consumption vs duty cycle for several supply voltages They show that the average current consumption can be significantly reduced with even a small duty cycle value This is ideal for battery powered applications that need infrequent updates or where response time is not critical The KeepOn time is used to keep the receiver on after it has completed some activity This activity includes completing a transmission and receiving a valid packet After KeepOn seconds have elapsed with no transmit or valid recei
54. rnal antenna is to be used keep it away from other metal components particularly large items like transformers batteries PCB tracks and ground planes In many cases the space around the antenna is as important as the antenna itself Objects in close proximity to the antenna can cause direct detuning while those farther away will alter the antenna s symmetry In many antenna designs particularly 4 wave whips the ground plane acts as a counterpoise forming in essence VERTICAL 1 4 GROUNDED a Ye wave dipole Figure 59 For this reason ANTENNA MARCONI adequate ground plane area is essential The ground plane can be a metal case or ground fill areas on a circuit board Ideally it should have a surface area less than or equal to the overall length of the 74 wave radiating element This is often not practical due to nBOIE A DIPOLE ELEMENT M4 GROUND size and configuration constraints In these PLANE A i VIRTUAL 2 4 instances a designer must make the best use DIPOLE of the area available to create as much ground Figure 59 Dipole Antenna plane as possible in proximity to the base of the antenna In cases where the antenna is remotely located or the antenna is not in close proximity to a circuit board ground plane or grounded metal case a metal plate may be used to maximize the antenna s performance Remove the antenna as far as possible from potential interference sources Any frequency of sufficient amplit
55. rocedures are critical to ensuring the reliable function of the modules The following procedures should be reviewed with and practiced by all assembly personnel Hand Assembly Pads located on the bottom of the module are the primary Soldering Iron mounting surface Figure 55 Tip Since these pads are inaccessible during mounting castellations 3 that run up the side of the module Solder have been provided to facilitate PCB Pads solder wicking to the module s underside This allows for very Figure 55 Soldering Technique quick hand soldering for prototyping and small volume production If the recommended pad guidelines have been followed the pads will protrude slightly past the edge of the module Use a fine soldering tip to heat the board pad and the castellation then introduce solder to the pad at the module s edge The solder will wick underneath the module providing reliable attachment Tack one module corner first and then work around the device taking care not to exceed the times in Figure 56 Castellations Warning Pay attention to the absolute maximum solder times Absolute Maximum Solder Times Hand Solder Temperature 427 C for 10 seconds for lead free alloys Reflow Oven 255 C max see Figure 57 Figure 56 Absolute Maximum Solder Times Automated Assembly For high volume assembly the modules are generally auto placed The modules have been designed to maintain compatibility with reflow process
56. ronization A control processor performs the higher level functions and controls the serial and hardware interfaces A crystal oscillator generates the reference frequency for the synthesizer and clocks for the ADCs and the processor Module Description The HumRC Series Remote Control module is a completely integrated RF transceiver and processor It has two main modes of operation hardware and software Hardware operation is suitable for applications like keyfobs where no other processor PC or interface is present Software operation is more advanced and allows for more features and functionality This guide focuses on hardware operation with some references to software operation Please see Reference Guide RG 00104 the HumRC Series Command Data Interface for details on software operation Since this module can act as both transmitter and receiver terminology and descriptions can get confusing This guide uses the term Initiating Unit IU to describe a module that is transmitting commands Responding Unit RU is used to describe a module that is receiving commands The module has 8 status lines numbered SO through S7 These can be set as inputs for buttons or contacts or as outputs to drive application circuitry When S0 is taken high on the IU SO goes high on the RU and so forth A line that is an input on one side needs to be set as an output on the other side Up to two of the lines S4 S5 S6 and S7 can be configured as a
57. s a local 32 bit address that is transmitted with every packet If the address in the received packet is not in the RU s Paired Module List then the transceiver does not respond Adding devices to the authorized list is accomplished through the Pair process or by a serial command Each module can be paired with up to 40 other modules The Pair process is initiated by taking the PAIR line high or by sending the Pair Control serial command on both units to be associated Activation on the PAIR line can either be a momentary pulse less than two seconds or a sustained high input which can be used to extend the search and successful pairing display With a momentary activation the search is terminated after 30 seconds If Pairing is initiated with a sustained high input the search continues as long as the PAIR input is high When Pair is activated the module displays the Pair Search sequence on the MODE IND line Figure 34 and goes into a search mode where it looks for another module that is also in search mode It alternates between transmit and receive enabling one unit to find the other and respond Once bidirectional communication is established the two units store each other s addresses in their Paired Module List with full Permissions Mask and display the Pair Found sequence on their MODE IND lines The Pair Found sequence is displayed for at least 3 seconds If PAIR is held high the Pair Found display is shown for as long as PAIR is h
58. sensors without having a microcontroller on the sensor unit This reduces the cost and development time for remote sensor units The trigger configuration causes the module to send a pre specified number of packets when a status line input goes high This is good for remote monitoring and transmitting when an exception occurs without needing a microcontroller on the remote unit Receive Operation During Receive Operation the module waits for a valid control message from an authorized paired transceiver When a valid message is received it locks onto the hopping pattern of the transmitter and asserts the MODE IND line It compares the received status line states to the Permission Mask for the IU to see if the IU is authorized to activate the lines The module sets all authorized outputs to match the received states Only status line outputs are affected by received commands The RU then checks the state of the ACK EN line and transmits an acknowledgement packet if it is high It looks for the next valid packet while maintaining the frequency hopping timing As long as an RU is receiving valid commands from a paired IU it will not respond to any other unit Once eight consecutive packets are missed the RU is logically disconnected from the IU and waits for the next valid packet from any IU Acknowledgement A responding module is able to send an acknowledgement to the transmitting module This allows the initiating module to know that t
59. this line high to enable the module to pes r 28 ACK_EN send an acknowledgement message after a Figure 26 HumRC Series Transceiver Pin Assignments Top View valid control message has been received A high on this line initiates the Pair process z MD which causes two units to accept each Pin Descriptions 29 PAIR other s transmissions It is also used with a special sequence to reset the module to factory default configuration Pin Descriptions This line indicates module activity It can Pin Number Name lO Description 30 MODE IND o Source enough current to drive a small LED causing it to flash The duration of the Status Lines Each line can be configured flashes indicates the module s current state 1 2 3 4 5 S0 S7 yo as either an input to register button or 6 7 8 contact closures or as an output to control This line goes high when the module application circuitry receives an acknowledgement message 9 14 15 16 i ACK OUT O from another module after sending a control 17 18 20 25 GND Ground message um m Level Adjust The voltage on this line sets This line sets the input output direction for 32 LVL_AD J T val 10 CO status lines S0 S3 When low the lines are ie transmitter CURLED ENS eve outputs when high they are inputs 1 These lines have an internal 20kQ pull down resistor This line sets the input output direction for 2 These lines have an internal 10kQ pull up resistor i C1 status
60. transmission is periodic like condition 4 but each transmission duration is terminated by receiving an acknowledgement A status input not selected for trigger timing operates normally transmitting as long as the input is high It doesn t affect the timing of periodic transmissions causing the two transmission requests to be logically ORed Receiving control messages during the off period of a triggered periodic transmission can delay but doesn t cancel periodic transmission If there are multiple lines with edge triggers they are logically ORed together to generate a single trigger signal Please see Reference Guide RG 00104 the HumRC Series Command Data Interface for details on configuring triggered transmissions EE The module incorporates a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS g algorithm This provides immunity from narrow band interference and anne ed FINE ate f UN Number Frequency MHz Frequency MHz complies with FCC and IC guidelines J 2 420 25 002 750 The module uses 25 RF channels as shown in Figure 39 Each channel has pees ha a time slot of 13 33ms before the module hops to the next channel This _ 992 r90 equal spacing allows a receiver to hop to the next channel at the correct 4 200049 904250 time even if a packet is missed Up to seven consecutive packets can be 5 2 428 25 904 750 missed without losing synchronization 6 2 430 25 905 249 7 2 432 25 905 749 The hopping pattern sequence of transmit
61. ude to enter the receiver s front end will reduce system range and can even prevent reception entirely Switching power supplies oscillators or even relays can also be significant sources of potential interference The single best weapon against such problems is attention to placement and layout Filter the module s power supply with a high frequency bypass capacitor Place adequate ground plane under potential sources of noise to shunt noise to ground and prevent it from coupling to the RF stage Shield noisy board areas whenever practical In some applications it is advantageous to place the module and antenna away from the main equipment Figure 60 This can avoid interference problems and allows the antenna to be oriented for optimum performance Always use 500 coax like RG 174 for the remote feed CASE aa GROUND PLANE NUT MAY BE NEEDED Figure 60 Remote Ground Plane Common Antenna Styles There are hundreds of antenna styles and variations that can be employed with Linx RF modules Following is a brief discussion of the styles most commonly utilized Additional antenna information can be found in Linx Application Notes AN 00100 AN 00140 AN 00500 and AN 00501 Linx antennas and connectors offer outstanding performance at a low price A whip style antenna Figure 61 provides outstanding overall performance and stability A low cost whip can be easily fabricated from a wire or rod but most designers opt fo
62. uitability of the module to the application All Linx modules are designed with the approval process in mind and thus much of the frustration that is typically experienced with a discrete design is eliminated Approval is still dependent on many factors such as the choice of antennas correct use of the frequency selected and physical packaging While some extra cost and design effort are required to address these issues the additional usefulness and profitability added to a product by RF makes the effort more than worthwhile Linx TECHNOLOGIES Linx Technologies 159 Ort Lane Merlin OR US 97532 Phone 1 541 471 6256 Fax 1 541 471 6251 www linxtechnologies com Disclaimer Linx Technologies is continually striving to improve the quality and function of its products For this reason we reserve the right to make changes to our products without notice The information contained in this Data Guide is believed to be accurate as of the time of publication Specifications are based on representative lot samples Values may vary from lot to lot and are not guaranteed Typical parameters can and do vary over lots and application Linx Technologies makes no guarantee warranty or representation regarding the suitability of any product for use in any specific application It is the customer s responsibility to verify the suitability of the part for the intended application NO LINX PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR USE IN ANY APPLICATION WHE
63. uts to be asserted This conserves battery power until a transmission is required Triggered Transmissions The HumRC Series Transceiver has a triggered transmission feature configured through the serial interface This causes the IU to transmit messages as soon as a configured status line input goes high but stop transmissions based on configuration selection The logic allows timed or periodic transmissions for simple transmit on event conditions without an external microcontroller or other timing logic This reduces the required energy and potential interference with other RF units when automatically transmitting The configuration options are 1 Transmission occurs as long as input is high This is the same as normal non triggered operation 2 Transmission lasts for the specified duration after a high going edge then stops until the next high going edge fixed ON period 3 Transmission starts when an input goes high stopping when the input goes low or the specified duration elapses whichever occurs first The transmission won t occur again until the input goes low then high 4 Transmission is periodic with configured duration and interval as long as the trigger status line is high periodic ON when trigger is high 5 The transmission terminates under conditions 1 4 above or when an ACK is received After an ACK no further trigger transmission occurs until the triggered status line goes low then high again 6 The
64. ve activity the module resumes duty cycle operation by going into standby for DCycle seconds Please see Reference Guide RG 00104 the HumRC Series Command Data Interface for details on configuring the receiver duty cycle Using the LATCH EN Line The LATCH EN line sets the outputs to either momentary operation or latched operation During momentary operation the outputs go high for as long as control messages are received instructing the module to take the lines high As soon as the control messages stop the outputs go low During latched operation when a signal is received to make a particular status line high it remains high until a separate activation is received to make it go low The transmission must stop and the module must time out before it will register a second transmission and toggle the outputs When the LATCH EN line is high all of the outputs are latched A serial command is available to configure latching of individual lines Using the Low Power Features The Power Down POWER DOWN line can be used to completely power down the transceiver module without the need for an external switch This line allows easy control of the transceiver power state from external components such as a microcontroller The module is not functional while in power down mode If all of the status lines are configured as inputs then the module operates as an IU only It automatically goes into a low power state waiting for one of the inp
65. ype d antenne Les types d antenne non inclus dans cette liste ou dont le gain est sup rieur au gain maximal indiqu sont strictement interdits pour l exploitation de l metteur Antennas Antennes poete Type Gain impedance ValdFor Tested Antennas ANT 916 CW QW 1 4 Wave Whip 1 8dBi 500 CAS ANT 916 CW HW Ye Wave Dipole Helical 1 2dBi 500 Both ANT 916 PW LP 1 4 Wave Whip 2 4dBi 500 CAS ANT 916 PW QW UFL 1 4 Wave Whip 1 8dBi 500 UFL ANT 916 SP 1 4 Wave Planar 1 4dBi 500 CAS B TM th u Y Wave Dipole Helical 0 1dBi 500 RC Antennas of the same type and same or lesser gain ANT 916 CW HD 1 4 Wave Whip 0 3dBi 500 Both ANT 916 PW QW 1 4 Wave Whip 1 8dBi 500 Both ANT 916 CW RCL 1 4 Wave Whip 2 0dBi 500 Both ANT 916 CW RH 1 4 Wave Whip 1 3dBi 500 Both ANT 916 CW HWR RPS 1 2 Wave Dipole Helical 1 2dBi 500 Both ANT 916 PML Ye Wave Dipole Helical 0 4dBi 500 Both ANT 916 PW RA 1 4 Wave Whip 0 0dBi 500 CAS ANT 916 USP 1 4 Wave Planar 0 33Bi 500 CAS Cable Assemblies Assemblages de Cables Linx Part Number R f rence Linx CSI RSFB 300 UFFR RP SMA Bulkhead to U FL with 300mm cable CSI RSFE 300 UFFR RP SMA External Mount Bulkhead to U FL with 300mm cable Also available in 100mm and 200mm cable length Description Figure 45 HumRC Series Transceiver Approved Antennas 47 Castellation Version Reference Design The castellation connection for the antenna on the pre certifie

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