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Project Manual 2

1. 10 Adjustable Tone 1 2 6 9 t Generator om OV J OBJECTIVE To show how resistor values change the frequency of an oscillator B C Turn on the slide switch S1 the speaker SP will sound and the LED D2 will light Adjust the adjustable resistor RV to make different E tones In an oscillator circuit changing the values of resistors or capacitors can vary the output tone or pitch G D Y 2 0 2 Project 111 Photosensitive Electronic Organ OBJECTIVE To show how resistor values change the frequency Project 112 Electronic Cicada OBJECTIVE To show how capacitors in parallel change the frequency of an oscillator of an oscillator Use the circuit from project 110 shown above Replace the 100kQ R5 with the photoresistor RP Turn on the slide switch S1 The speaker SP will sound and the LED D2 will light Move your hand up and down over the photoresistor RP and the frequency changes Decreasing the light on the photoresistor increases the resistance and causes the circuit to oscillate at a lower frequency Notice that the LED flashes also at the same frequency as the sound By using your finger see if you can vary the sounds enough to make this circuit sound like an organ playing 11 Use the circuit from project 110 shown above replace the photoresistor RP back to the 100kQ resistor R5 Place the 0 02uF capacitor C1 on top of the whistle chip WC P
2. Fan Modulator OBJECTIVE To modulate the brightness of an LED Using the fan outline as a guide cut a 3 circle out of a piece of paper Then cut a small triangle in it as shown Tape the circle onto the fan and then place it onto the motor M1 Set the adjustable resistor RV to the center position and turn the slide switch S1 on Press the press switch S2 the fan spins and the lamp L1 lights As the triangle opening moves over the photoresistor RP more light strikes it The brightness of the LED changes or is modulated As in AM or FM radio modulation uses one signal to modify the amplitude or frequency of another signal Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 259 Oscillator 0 5 30Hz OBJECTIVE To build a 0 5Hz 30Hz oscillator that will light an LED Set the adjustable resistor RV to the bottom position and then turn the slide switch S1 on The LED D1 will start flashing at a frequency of 0 5Hz once every two seconds Slowly adjust the adjustable resistor and the LED flashes faster As the frequency increases the LED flashes faster Eventually the LED flashes so fast it looks like it is on all of the time Project 260 Sound Pulse Oscillator OBJECTIVE To build a 0 5Hz 30Hz oscillator and hear it on a speaker Use the circuit from project 259 Connect a single snap under the speaker SP and then connect it across the LED on level 4 Turn the
3. from the music alarm and space war loud so replace the speaker SP with the whistle chip WC A integrated circuits S y mM D h O N y See project 160 Modify the circuit from project 158 to match the circuit shown on the left The only differences are the The preceding circuit may be too connections around the alarm IC loud so replace the speaker SP U2 It works the same way with the whistle chip WC 24 5 6 7 8 Project 162 fun To combine sounds from the Static Symphony jProject 163 OBJECTIVE integrated circuits Static Symphony 11 OBJECTIVE See project 162 Build the circuit shown Note that in some places parts are stacked on top of each other Turn it on and press the press switch S2 several times and wave your hand over the photoresistor RP to hear the full spectrum of sounds that this circuit can create Have For a variation on the preceding circuit you can replace the 6V lamp L2 with the LED D1 with the positive side up or the motor M1 do not place the fan on it _ Project 164 Capacitors in Series _ Project 165 Capacitors in Parallel OBJECTIVE To compare types of circuits Turn on the slide switch S1 then press and release the press switch S2 The LED D1 becomes bright when the 470uF capacitor charges up with the press switch on then the LED slowly gets dim after you release the press switch Now tu
4. side of the battery is connected to the negative side of the motor The polarity on the motor determines which way it rotates Notice that the lamp L1 lights in both polarities It is not effected by the polarity changes Moving parts Do not Do not touch the fan or motor during operation lean over the motor Motor Delay Fan OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that controls how long the fan is on Place the fan onto the motor M1 and set the adjustable resistor RV control to the far right Turn the slide switch S1 on and then press the press switch S2 once The motor will spin and then stop Now set the resistor control to the far left and press the press switch again The time the fan spins is much less now When the press switch is pressed the current flows through the circuit and the fan spins The 100uF capacitor C4 charges up also When the press switch is released the capacitor discharges and supplies the current to keep the transistors Q1 amp Q2 on The transistor acts like a switch connecting the fan to the battery When the capacitor fully discharges the transistors turn off and the motor stops The adjustable resistor controls how fast the capacitor discharges The more resistance the longer the discharge time Project 264 Motor Delay Fan II OBJECTIVE To change capacitance to affect time eo HH Use the circuit from project 263 Connect a single snap under the positive side of the 4
5. Build the circuit then connect points Y amp Z use a 2 snap wire for a moment Nothing appears to happen but you just filled up the 470uF capacitor C5 with electricity Now disconnect Y amp Z and instead touch a connection between X amp Y The green LED D2 will be lit and then go out after a few seconds as the electricity you stored in it is discharged through the LED and resistor R2 Notice that a capacitor is not very efficient at storing electricity compare how long the 470uF kept the LED lit for with how your batteries run all of your projects That is because a capacitor stores electrical energy while a battery stores chemical energy E Project 204 Make Your Own Battery II OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how batteries can store electricity Project 205 Make Your Own Battery III OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how batteries can store electricity E In the preceding circuit replace the 470uF capacitor C5 with the 100uF capacitor C3 and repeat the test You see that the LED D2 Now replace the 1kQ resistor R2 with the 1001 resistor R1 and try it The LED D2 gets brighter but goes out faster because less resistance allows the stored electricity to dissipate faster goes out faster because the 100uF capacitor does not store as much electricity as the 470uF 36 Project 206 4 5 2 Tone Generator 7 8 OBJECTIVE To build a high frequency oscillator Build the circu
6. Project 183 Light Whining OBJECTIVE To make different sounds Replace the 3 snap wire at the upper left of the circuit points A1 amp A3 on the base grid with the photoresistor RP and wave your hand over it The whining sound has changed a little and can now be controlled by light Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation More Light Whining OBJECTIVE To make different sounds Replace the 0 02uF capacitor C1 with the 0 1uF capacitor C2 The sounds are lower in frequency and you can t make the fan spin now Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 181 Whining Fan OBJECTIVE To make different sounds Replace the 0 1uF capacitor C2 with the 0 02uF capacitor C1 The sounds are now a high pitch whine and the motor M1 starts a little sooner Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 184 Motor That Won t Start OBJECTIVE To make different sounds Replace the 0 1uF capacitor C2 with the 10uF capacitor C3 put the positive side towards the left It now makes clicking sounds and the fan moves only in small bursts like a motor that won t start Do not Moving parts touch the fan or motor during operation Whiner OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that Project 185 Project 187 Hummer OBJECTIVE capacitance reduces frequency Now place the 0 1uF capacitor C2 above
7. RV is a 50KQ resistor but with a center tap that can be adjusted between OQ and 50KQ At the OQ setting the current must be limited by the other components in the circuit The microphone X1 is actually a resistor that changes in value when changes in air pressure Sounds apply pressure to its surface lts resistance typically varies from around 1KQ in silence to around 10K when you blow on it Capacitors are components that can store electrical pressure voltage for periods of time higher values have more storage Because of this storage ability they block unchanging voltage signals and pass fast changing voltages Capacitors are used for filtering and oscillation circuits Snap circuits includes 0 02uF C1 0 1uF C2 10uF C3 10uF C4 470uF C5 capacitors and a variable capacitor CV The variable capacitor can be adjusted from 00004 to 00022uF and is used in high frequency radio circuits for tuning The whistle chip WC also acts like a 0 02uF capacitor in addition to its sound properties The antenna A1 contains a coil of wire wrapped around an iron bar Although it has magnetic effects similar to those in the motor those effects are tiny and may be ignored except at high frequencies like in AM radio lts magnetic properties allow it to concentrate radio signals for reception At lower frequencies the antenna acts like an ordinary wire The PNP Q1 and NPN Q2 transistors are components that use a small electric
8. Then replace the capacitor and press the switch again Replace the 470uF capacitor C5 with the 100uF capacitor C4 the siren fades faster 40 Project 219 Laser Gun with Limited Shots OBJECTIVE To build the circuit used in a toy laser gun with flashing laser light and trigger and limited amount of shots When you press the press switch S2 the alarm IC U2 should start sounding a very loud laser gun sound The red LED D1 will flash simulating a burst of laser light You can shoot long repeating laser burst or short zaps by tapping the trigger switch But be careful this gun will run out of energy and you will have to wait for the energy pack C5 to recharge This type of gun is more like a real life laser gun because power would run out after a few shots due to energy drain In a real laser the energy pack would have to be replaced Here you only have to wait a few seconds for recharge 2 10 OBJECTIVE To combine sounds from the music alarm and space war integrated circuits Symphony of Sounds 11 OBJECTIVE See project 220 Build the circuit shown Turn it on and press the press switch S2 several times and wave your hand over the photoresistor RP to hear the full a T o per SP symphony of sounds that this circuit p l can create Have fun Can you guess why the jumper is The preceding circuit may be too used in this circuit It is being used as just a 3 snap wire beca
9. change the frequency Project 288 AM Radio with Transistors OBJECTIVE To build a complete working AM radio with transistor output When you turn on the slide switch S1 the integrated circuit U5 should amplify and detect the AM radio waves Tune the variable capacitor CV to the desirable station Set the adjustable resistor RV for the best sound The two transistors Q1 amp Q2 drive the speaker SP to complete the radio The radio will not be very loud AM Radio II 10 OBJECTIVE To build a complete working AM radio RSs ma AT He ri pe 4 Mn TTT When you close the slide switch S1 the integrated circuit U5 should detect and amplify the AM radio waves The signal is then amplified using the power amplifier U4 which drives the speaker SP Tune the variable capacitor CV to the desirable station 68 Music Amplifier OBJECTIVE To amplify sounds from the music integrated circuit Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch S1 You will hear loud music since the sound from the music IC U1 is amplified by the power amplifier IC U4 All radios and stereos use a power amplifier ayed Action Lampl _ Project 292 8 OBJECTIVE To build a lamp that Delayed stays on for a while Action Fan OBJECTIVE To build a fan that stays on for a while Pro 1 ject 291 Del Turn on the slide switch S1 and press the press
10. switch on that side is ON while the other LED will be dim or OFF Project 174 Current Equalizing OBJECTIVE To compare types of circuits In this circuit the LED s D1 amp D2 will have the same brightness but the lamp L1 will be off When connected in series all components will have equal electric current through them The lamp is off because it requires a higher current through the circuit to turn on than the LED s do D2 When the adjustable resistor Project 173 Current Controllers OBJECTIVE types of circuits To compare Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch S1 the LED D1 will be lit To increase the LED brightness turn on the press switch S2 To decrease the LED brightness turn off the slide switch With the slide switch on the 5 1KQ resistor R3 controls the current Turning on the press switch places the 1KQ resistor R2 in parallel with it to decrease the total circuit resistance Turning off the slide switch places the 10KQ resistor R4 in series with R2 R3 to increase the total resistance Project 175 Battery Polarity Tester OBJECTIVE polarity of a battery To test the Use this circuit to check the polarity of a battery Connect your battery to X Y on the drawing using the jumper cables your 3V battery pack B1 can also be snapped on directly instead If the positive side of your battery is connected to X then the red L
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12. Electric Fan OBJECTIVE To make an electric fan using a transistor circuit OBJECTIVE To use a transistor combination to control a lamp Use the circuit from project 253 Here is a combination with two Replace the lamp L1 with the transistors This combination motor M1 and install the fan By increases the amplifying power By controlling the adjustable resistor changing the resistance the current RV the speed of the fan at the base of the transistor is also changes Now you can make changed With this amplifying ability your own speed changing of the combination there is a greater electric fan change of current to the lamp L2 This changes the brightness Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 54 Project 25 Radio Music o Burglar Alarm OBJECTIVE To build an alarm that plays music on the radio 4 Place the circuit next to an AM radio Tune the radio so no stations are heard Set the slide switch S1 on You should hear the song play The red LED D1 should also be lit Adjust the variable capacitor CV for the loudest signal Connect a jumper wire across points A B and the music stops The transistor Q2 acts like a switch connecting power to the music IC U1 Positive voltage on the base turns on the switch and negative voltage opens it Connect a string to the jumper wire and the other end of the string to a door or window Turn the slide switch on If a th
13. X1 Blowing hard into the microphone stops the sound and then it starts again Project 153 Parallel Lamps OBJECTIVE To compare types of circuits Turn on the slide switch S1 and both lamps L1 amp L2 will light If one of the bulbs is broken then the other will still be on because the lamps are in parallel An example of this is most of the lights in your house if a bulb is broken on one lamp then the other lamps are not affected 29 L Projecti 154 Fire Fan Symphony jProject 155 OBJECTIVE To combine sounds Fi ire F an from the music alarm and space war integrated circuits S y M D h O n y Build the circuit shown and add the OBJ ECTIVE jumper to complete it Note that in one See project 154 place two 2 single snaps are stacked on top of each other Also note that there is a 2 snap wire on layer 2 that does not connect with a 4 snap wire that runs over it on layer 4 both touch the music IC Turn it on and press the press switch S2 several times and wave your The preceding circuit may be too loud so replace the speaker SP with the whistle chip WC hand over the photoresistor RP to hear the full spectrum of sounds that this circuit can create Have fun Moving parts Do Moving parts Do not not touch the fan or motor during touch the fan or motor during operation operation dhl abe 156 Fan Symphony If Project 157 PA 10 OBJECTIVE To combine sounds F
14. a N bn from the music alarm and space war integrated circuits S y M D h on y OBJECTIVE See project 156 Modify the circuit from project 154 to match the circuit shown on the left The only differences are the The preceding circuit may be too connections around the alarm IC loud so replace the speaker SP U2 It works the same way with the whistle chip WC Moving parts Do Moving parts Do not not touch the fan or motor during touch the fan or motor during operation operation Project 158 Police Car Symphony Project 159 eR 6 7 8 ons OBJECTIVE To combine sounds Police Car 2 from the integrated circuits y Symphony Il 7 OBJECTIVE a Build the circuit shown and add the two 2 See project 158 jumper wires to complete it Note that in one place two 2 single snaps are stacked on top of each other Turn it on and press the press switch S2 several times and wave your hand over the photoresistor RP to hear the full spectrum of sounds that this oe The preceding circuit may be too circuit can create Have fun Do you know why the antenna A1 is used in this circuit It is being used as just a 3 snap wire because it acts like an ordinary wire in low frequency circuits such as this Without it you don t have enough parts to build this complex circuit Project 160 Ambulance Symphony I _ JProject 161 7 o OBJECTIVE To combine sounds A mM b U a nN C
15. amplify sounds from the space war integrated circuit Build the circuit turn on the slide switch S1 and press the press switch S2 several times You will hear loud space war sounds since the sound from the space war fold IC U3 is amplified by the power amplifier IC U4 Nearly all toys that make sound use a power amplifier of some sort 47 Project 238 Trombone OBJECTIVE To build an electronic trombone that changes pitch of note with slider bar When you turn on the slide switch S1 the trombone should start playing To change the pitch of the note simply slide the adjustable resistor RV control back and forth By turning the slide switch on and off and moving the slider you will be able to play a song much like a trombone player makes music The switch represents air going through the trombone and the adjustable resistor control is the same as a trombone slider bar The circuit may be silent at some positions of the resistor control Project 239 Race Car Engine OBJECTIVE To show how changing frequency changes the sound to a different special effect Use the circuit from project 238 shown on the left but change the 0 02uF capacitor C1 to a 10uF capacitor C3 Make sure the positive mark on the capacitor is NOT on the resistor R2 side when you snap it in When the slide switch S1 is turned on you should hear a very low frequency oscillation By sliding the adjustable resis
16. and then make a between T amp U and then make a circuit works the same way but connection between T amp U Now connection between U amp Z Now now it sounds like a machine gun it sounds like a fire engine it sounds like an ambulance 12 Project 118 Motor Speed Detector 9 OBJECTIVE To show how to make electricity in one direction When building the circuit be sure to position the motor M1 with the positive side snapped to the 470uF capacitor C5 Turn on the slide switch S1 nothing will happen It is a motor speed detector and the motor isn t moving Watch the LED D2 and give the motor a good spin CLOCKWISE with your fingers don t use the fan blade you should see a flash of light The faster you spin the motor the brighter the flash will be As a game see who can make the brightest flash Now try spinning the motor in the opposite direction counter clockwise and see how bright the flash is it won t flash at all because the electricity it produces flows in the wrong direction and won t activate the diode Flip the motor around positive side Snapped to the 3 snap wire and try again Now the LED lights only if you spin the motor counter clockwise Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 2 3 2 Project 119 Old Style Typewriter OBJECTIVE To show how a generator works lok Turn on the slide switch S1 nothing will happen Turn the moto
17. control can turn the LED D1 on and off 16 17 18 19 20 Note 15 1009K resistor R5 and 0 02uF C1 0 1uF C2 and 10uF C3 capacitors Build project 206 it makes sound unless the resistor is bad Place the 0 02uF capacitor on top of the whistle chip WC and the sound changes pitch is lower Replace the 0 02uF with the 0 1uF and the pitch is even lower Replace the 0 1uF with the 10uF and the circuit will click about once a second 100uF C4 and 470uF C5 capacitors Build project 225 press the press switch S2 and turn on the slide switch S1 The LED D1 should be lit for about 15 seconds then go out press the press switch again to reset this Replace the 470uF with the 100uF and the LED is only lit for about 4 seconds now Power Amplifier IC U4 Build project 293 the sound from the speaker SP should be loud Microphone X1 Build project 109 blowing into the microphone should turn off the lamp L2 Variable Capacitor CV Build project 213 and place it near an AM radio tune the radio and the capacitor to verify you hear the music on your radio High Frequency IC U5 Build project 242 and adjust the variable capacitor CV and adjustable resistor RV until you hear a radio station If you have the more advanced Models SC 500 or SC 750 there are additional tests in your other project manuals You may order additional replacement parts at www snapcircuits n
18. current to control a large current and are used in switching amplifier and buffering applications They are easy to miniaturize and are the main building blocks of integrated circuits including the microprocessor and memory circuits in computers Projects 124 125 and 128 133 demonstrate their properties A high current may damage a transistor so the current must be limited by other components in the circuit The power amplifier IC U4 is a module containing an integrated circuit amplifier and supporting components that are always needed with it A description of it is given here for those interested Power Amplifier IC power from batteries power return to batteries FIL filtered power from batteries INP input connection OUT output connection See project 242 for example of connections The high frequency IC U5 is a specialized amplifier used only in high frequency radio circuits A description of it is given here for those interested High Frequency IC INP input connection 2 points are same OUT output connection power return to batteries See project 242 for example of connections MORE DO s and DON Ts of Building Circuits After building the circuits given in this booklet you may wish to experiment on your own Use the projects in this booklet as a guide as many important design concepts are introduced throughout them Every circuit will include a power source th
19. fan that stays on for a while Replace the lamp L1 with the motor M1 positive side up be sure to put on the fan Turn on the switch and press the press switch S2 The fan stays on fora while after you release the press switch This could have a longer delay and be near your bed to turn off after you fall asleep Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation OTHER SNAP CIRCUITS PROJECTS For a listing of local toy retailers who carry our products visit our web site www elenco com or call us toll free at 1 800 533 2441 Snap Circuits Pro Snap Circuits Extreme Model SC 500 Model SC 750 E ia amp A Deluxe Telephone Kit Model AK 750 e Fully modular e Hearing aid compatible e Last number redial e Full color assembly manual e Desk wall mount e Tone pulse switchable e Ringer with ON OFF e Transparent blue switch case e Lighted dial keypad Pee Firs P e e Neon lights flash e FCC approved when phone rings j EE ap Radio Control Car Kit Model AK 870 The purpose of this project is to expand your understanding of basic transmitters receivers and electronic switching theories Your Turbo King Car comes with the PC board already built There is no soldering required You ll learn all about gears motors printed circuit boards and integrated circuits from our detailed assembly and training manual You will construct each sec
20. improve the last circuit to only need one finger Build the new circuit note that near point X there is a 2 snap wire that is only mounted on one side swing it so the plastic touches point X Wet a large area of one of your fingers and touch it to both metal contacts at point X at the same time the LED D2 lights To make it easier for one finger to touch the two contacts touch lamps or other touch devices will have the metal contacts interweaved as shown below and will also be more sensitive so that you don t have to wet your finger to make good contact 52 E Project eld Space Battle Project 249 OBJECTIVE To show how sound can turn Spac B attle ON an electronic device 8 OBJECTIVE To show how light can turn ON an electronic device Build the circuit shown on the left Activate the circuit by turning on the slide switch S1 OF pIE RG Wie Press Wien 22 Copel Replace the slide switch S1 with the photoresistor RP Now covering and several times and in combination You will hear exciting sounds and see flashing lights as if a space battle is raging uncovering the photoresistor will change the sound E Project 250 Multi Speed Light Fanf Project 251 ofajnacivacaoene LIght amp Finger Light OBJECTIVE To show another way the Space War IC may be Build the circuit shown on the left used with the fan on the motor M1 This circuit is activated by lig
21. reading Shorting Bar for Build the circuit shown on the left It uses W X Y or Z two 2 2 snap wires as shorting bars Paper Sheet to Setup Player 1 sets up by placing one hide position of shorting bar under the paper on row A B C or D Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bar is located under the paper The object is for Player 2 to guess the location by placing his shorting bar at positions W X Y or Z In the drawing on the left Player 1 set up at position D If Player 2 places his shorting bar across Z on the first try then he guessed correctly and marks a 1 on the score card sheet under that round number If it takes three tries then he gets a three Player 2 then sets the A B C D side and Player 1 tries his luck Each player records his score for each round When all 18 rounds have been played the player with the lowest score wins Additional players can play Use the score card below to Shorting Bar je A B C or D determine the winner Round 123 45 6 7 8 9 Player _ Player2 _ Player3 _ Player4 _ 45 Project 234 Enhanced Quiet Zone Game Shorting Bar for OBJECTIVE Make and play the electronic game of Quiet W X Y or Z Zone Paper Sheet to Dis hide position of shorting bar Use the circuit from project 233 but place three 3 2 snap wires e A E shorting bars under paper as shown on left Setup Player 1 sets the Quiet Zon
22. revisions we will send you a copy of the manual so you can show your family and friends Send your suggestions to Elenco Electronics WARNING SHOCK HAZARD Never connect snap circuits to the electrical outlets in your home in any way 4 MORE Advanced Troubleshooting Adult supervision recommended If you suspect you have damaged parts you can follow this procedure to systematically determine which ones need replacing 1 9 Refer to project manual 1 projects 1 101 for testing steps 10 11 12 13 14 1 9 then continue below Test both lamps L1 L2 and battery holders in test step 1 all blue snap wires in step 3 and both LEDs D1 D2 in step 5 1KQ R2 5 1KQ R3 and 10KQ R4 resistors Build project 7 but use each of these resistors in place of the 1000 resistor R1 the LED should light and the brightness decreases with the higher value resistors Antenna A1 Build the mini circuit shown here you should g hear sound NPN transistor Q2 Build the mini circuit shown here The LED D2 should only be on if the press switch S2 is pressed If otherwise then the NPN is damaged PNP transistor Q1 Build the mini circuit shown here The LED D1 should only be on if the press switch S2 is pressed If otherwise then the NPN is damaged Adjustable resistor RV Build project 261 but use the 1KQ resistor R2 in place of the photoresistor RP the resistor
23. slide switch S1 on and now you can hear the oscillator Adjust the adjustable resistor RV to hear the different frequencies Now you can hear and see the frequencies Note You may not hear sounds at all settings of the adjustable resistor Motion Detector II OBJECTIVE To build a motion detector that senses an objects movement Turn the slide switch S1 on and move the adjustable resistor RV control all the way up The brightness of the LED D1 is at maximum Now move the adjustable resistor control down until the LED goes out Set the control up a little and the LED lights dimly Move your hand from side to side over the photoresistor RP As your hand blocks the light the LED goes out The amount of light changes the resistance of the photoresistor and the current flow to the base of the NPN transistor Q2 The transistor acts like a switch lts base current is supplied through the photoresistor As the base current changes so does the current flow through the LED With no base current the LED goes out 57 Project 262 Motor Rotation OBJECTIVE To show how voltage polarity affects a DC motor Place the fan onto the motor M1 Press the press switch S2 The fan rotates clockwise When you connect the positive side of the battery B1 to the positive side of the motor it spins clockwise Release the press switch and turn on the slide switch S1 Now the fan spins the other way The positive
24. switch S2 The lamps L1 amp L2 turn on slowly but Replace the lamp L1 with the stay on for a while after you release motor M1 positive side up the press switch Be sure to put on the fan Turn on de a l A F g 7 5 a i the slide switch S1 and press the press switch S2 The fan turns on slowly but stays on for a while after you release the press switch i 4 a 69 Project 293 Police Siren Amplifier OBJECTIVE To amplify sounds from the music integrated circuit Build the circuit and turn on the slide switch S1 You will hear a very loud siren since the sound from the alarm IC U2 is amplified by the power amplifier IC U4 Sirens on police cars use a similar circuit with an IC to create the sound and a power amplifier to make it very loud C aoa 294 Lasting Doorbell Project 295 Y i i OBJECTIVE To build a doorbell a Stl NG that stays on for a while Build the circuit at left note that there C C K N g is a 4 snap wire on layer 1 that is not connected to a 3 snap wire that runs OBJECTIVE To build a clicker over it on layer 3 Turn on the slide that stays on for a while switch S1 then press and release the press switch S2 There is a doorbell sound that slowly fades away ok gt 2 gI 0 B i AS UB E hag pe uew we AA a F Q When the press switch is pr
25. the whistle chip WC and vary the adjustable resistor RV again The frequency or pitch of the whine has been reduced by the greater added capacitance and it sounds more like a hum now 31 OBJECTIVE electronic metronome To show how adding makes a loud whine Build the circuit turn it on and move the setting on the adjustable resistor RV It makes a loud annoying whine sound The green LED D2 appears to be on but it is actually flashing at a very fast rate Adjustable Metronome Now place the 10uF capacitor C3 side on right above the whistle chip WC and vary the adjustable resistor RV again There is no hum now but instead there is a click anda flash of light repeating about once a second like the beat of a sound It is like a metronome which is used to keep time for the rhythm of a song To build an adjustable Project 186 Lower Pitch Whiner OBJECTIVE To show how adding capacitance reduces frequency Place the 0 02uF capacitor C1 above the whistle chip WC and vary the adjustable resistor RV again The frequency or pitch of the whine has been reduced by the added Capacitance Project 188 Project 189 Quiet Flasher OBJECTIVE flashlight To make a blinking Leave the 10uF capacitor C3 connected but replace the speaker SP with the 2 5V lamp L1 Hissing Foghorn 7 OBJECTIVE To build a transistor oscillator that can m
26. 1000 kHz where no other station is transmitting Turn the volume up so you can hear the static Set the adjustable resistor RV control to the middle setting Turn on the slide switch and slowly tune the adjustable capacitor CV until the static on the radio becomes quiet You may hear a whistle as you approach the proper tuning In some cases you may also need to set the adjustable resistor slightly off center When the radio static is gone tap on the speaker SP with your finger and you should hear the sound of tapping on the radio Now talk loudly into the speaker used here as a microphone and you will hear your voice on the radio Set the adjustable resistor for best sound quality at the radio 34 Pitch lil Project 200 Project 201 OBJECTIVE To show how Pitch 11 Pitch 111 to change the pitch of a OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Project 199 sound Build the circuit on the left turn it on and vary the adjustable resistor RV The frequency or pitch of the sound is changed Pitch is the musical profession s word for frequency If you ve had music lessons you may remember the music scale using chords such as A3 F5 and D2 to express the pitch of a sound Electronics prefers the term frequency as in when you adjust the frequency on your radio See project 199 Since we ve seen we can adjust the frequency by varying the resistance in the adjustable resistor are there other ways to change f
27. 70uF capacitor C5 and then connect it over the top of the 100uF capacitor C4 Turn the slide switch S1 on and press the press switch S2 Notice that the fan spins longer now When capacitors are in parallel the values are added so now you have 570uF The time it takes to discharge the capacitors is longer now so the fan keeps spinning Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 58 4 Project 265 High Pitch Bell z OBJECTIVE To build a high pitch bell Build the circuit shown and press the press switch S2 The circuit starts to oscillate This generates the sound of a high pitch bell Project 266 Steamboat Whistle OBJECTIVE To build a steamboat whistle Using the circuit in project 265 connect the 0 02uF capacitor C1 across the whistle chip WC Press the press switch S2 The circuit now generates the sound of a steamboat Project 267 Project 268 Light NOR Gate S teams h D OBJECTIVE To build a NOR gate OBJECTIVE To generate the sound of a steamship Build the circuit on the left You will find that the lamp L1 is on when neither the slide switch S1 NOR the press switch S2 are on This is referred to as an NOR gate in electronics and is important in computer Using the circuit in Project 265 connect the 0 1uF capacitor C2 logic across the whistle chip Press the press switch S2 The circuit now generates the sound o
28. D turns on L dl 284 Mail Notifying Electronic Bell OBJECTIVE To build a circuit to indicate if you have mail by sounding a tone 4 5 6 7 8 9 Turn on the slide switch S1 If there is enough light on the photoresistor RP the speaker SP will not make any sound Place your finger over the photoresistor and now the speaker sounds The sound will stay on until you turn off the slide switch A simple mail notifying system can be made using this circuit Install the photoresistor and the green LED inside the mailbox facing each other When there is mail the light is blocked from the photoresistor and the speaker turns on Twice Amplified Oscillator OBJECTIVE To build an oscillating circuit The tone you hear is the frequency of the oscillator Install different values of capacitors in place of the 0 1uF capacitor C2 to change the frequency Project 285 Mail Notifying Electronic Lamp OBJECTIVE To build a circuit to indicate if you have mail by activating the lamp Replace the speaker SP with the lamp L2 When there is mail the light is blocked from the photoresistor RP and the lamp lights Project 287 Quick Flicking LED OBJECTIVE LED circuit To build a flicking Use the circuit from project 286 Replace the speaker SP with a red LED D1 the sign on top Now you see the frequency of the oscillator Install different values of capacitors to
29. ED D1 will be on if the negative side is connected to X then the green LED D2 will be on 28 Project 176 Blow Off a Doorbell Project 177 1 2 j r j A j baa a turn off a circuit B low Off a Candle OBJECTIVE To turn off a circuit by blowing on it Build the circuit and turn it on music plays Since it is loud and annoying try to shut it off by blowing into the microphone X1 Blowing hard into Replace the speaker SP with the microphone stops the music and the 6V lamp L2 Blowing hard then it starts again into the microphone X1 turns off the light briefly L TOA 178 Blow On a Doorbell f Project 179 OBJECTIVE To turn on a circuit by blowing on it B low On a Candle OBJECTIVE To turn on a circuit by blowing on it Build the circuit and turn it on music plays for a few moments and then stops Blow into the microphone X1 and it plays it plays as long as you Replace the speaker SP with keep blowing the 6V lamp L2 Blowing into the microphone X1 turns on the light and then it goes off again Project 180 Screaming Fan OBJECTIVE To have an adjustable resistance control a fan and sounds Build the circuit on the left Turn on the slide switch S1 and move the setting on the adjustable resistor RV across its range You hear screaming sounds and the fan spins Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 182
30. It doesn t leak now OBJECTIVE To build a siren that F a d n g 1 2 3 4 5 4 7 8 9 10 slowly fades away Doorbell Turn on the slide switch S1 then OBJECTIVE To build a press and release the press switch doorbell that slowly fades away S2 You hear a siren that slowly fades away and eventually goes off You can modify this circuit to make machine gun or ambulance sound instead like in the other projects You can also replace the 10uF capacitor C3 with the 100uF C4 or 0 1uF C2 to greatly slow down or speed up the fading Replace the alarm IC U2 with the music IC U1 The circuit has a doorbell sound that plays and stops 71 Project 299 Blowing Space War Sounds OBJECTIVE To change space war sounds by blowing Turn on the slide switch S1 and you will hear explosion sounds and the lamp is on or flashing Blow into the microphone X1 and you can change the sound pattern OBJECTIVE To build a lamp that stays on for a while Adjustable Time Delay Fan OBJECTIVE To build a fan that stays on for a while Turn on the slide switch S1 and Replace the lamp L1 with the motor press the press switch S2 The M1 be sure to put on the fan Turn lamps stay on for a while after you on the slide switch S1 and press the release the press switch You can press switch S2 The fan stays on for change the delay time with the a while after you release the press adjustable resi
31. Project 135 Touch Buzzer OBJECTIVE To build a human buzzer oscillator Buzzing In the Dark OBJECTIVE To make a circuit that buzzes when the lights are off Remove the photoresistor RP from the Circuit in project 134 and instead touch your fingers across where it used to be points B1 and D1 on the grid to hear a cute buzzing sound The circuit works because of the resistance in your body If you put back the photoresistor and partially cover it you should be able to make the same resistance your body did and get the same sound This circuit makes a high frequency screaming sound when light shines on the photoresistor RP and makes a buzzing sound when you shield the photoresistor Project 136 High Frequency Touch Buzzer OBJECTIVE To build a high frequency human buzzer oscillator Project 137 High Frequency Water Buzzer OBJECTIVE To build a high frequency water buzzer oscillator Project 138 Mosquito OBJECTIVE To make a buzz like a mosquito Replace the speaker SP with the 6V lamp L2 Now touching your fingers between B1 and D1 creates a quieter but more pleasant buzzing sound 19 Now connect two 2 jumpers to points B1 and D1 that you were touching with your fingers and place the loose ends into a cup of water The sound will not be much different now because your body is mostly water and so the circuit resistance has not changed much Place th
32. Project 211 Project 212 More Tone More Tone Generator II Generator IIl OBJECTIVE To lower the frequency of a tone by increasing OBJECTIVE To lower the frequency of a tone by increasing circuit capacitance circuit capacitance Place the 0 02uF capacitor C1 or the 0 1uF capacitor C2 on top of the whistle chip WC The sound is different now because the added Now place the 10uF capacitor C3 on top of the whistle chip WC You capacitance has lowered the frequency The LED s appear to be on but hear a clicking sound as the LED s blink about once a second are actually blinking at a very fast rate 38 Project 213 Music Radio Station Project 214 OBJECTIVE To create music and Alarm Radio transmit it to a radio f Station OBJECTIVE To create music and transmit it to a radio You need an AM radio for this project Build the circuit shown on the left and turn on the slide switch S1 Place it next to your AM radio and tune the radio frequency to where no other o Mii Replace the music IC U1 with station Is transmitting the alarm IC U2 and then you Then tune the variable capacitor will hear a machine gun sound on CV until your music sounds best on the radio You may need to re the radio tune the variable capacitor CV Project 215 Standard Transistor Circuit 1 2 4 5 6 7 OBJECTIVE To save some electricity for later use Turn on the slide switch S1 and move the adju
33. Q Resistor 6SCR4 L 6SCA1 O 1 100kQ Resistor 6SCR5 Y Antenna Coil Green Light Emitting Diode LED 6V Lamp Socket 6V Bulb 6 2V 0 3A Type 425 or similar High Frequency Integrated Circuit 6SCUS 6SCD2 O1 LI 6SCL2 6SCL2B y NP Transistor L 6SCX1 O 1 NPN Transistor L Microphone Power Amplifier Integrated Circuit 6SCU4 ool PPP PPEEEEE EEE 0 ojo o 0 s 3 8 0 0 9 9 9 0 1 Adjustable Resistor 6SCC1 lk 0 1 02uF Capacitor Variable Capacitor ERRE 0 9 0 9 5 3 00 0 00 You may order additional replacement parts at our pee website www snapcircuits net O ii LI 1uF Capacitor 2 MORE About Your Snap Circuits Parts Part designs are subject to change without notice Note There is additional information in your other project manual The green LED D2 works the same as the red LED D1 and the 6V lamp L2 works the same as the 2 5V lamp these are described in the projects 1 101 manual Resistors resist the flow of electricity and are used to control or limit the electricity in a circuit Snap circuits includes 100Q R1 1KQ R2 5 1KQ R3 10KQ R4 and 100KQ R5 resistors K symbolizes 1 000 so R3 is really 5 1000 Materials like metal have very low resistance lt 1 and are called conductors while materials like paper plastic and air have near infinite resistance and are called insulators The adjustable resistor
34. SNAP CIRCUIT ae Elenco Electronics Inc Copyright 2005 by Elenco Electronics Inc All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced by REV E Revised 2005 any means electronic photocopying or otherwise without written permission from the publisher Table of Contents Basic Troubleshooting 1 Parts List 2 MORE About Your Snap Circuits Parts 3 MORE DO s and DON Ts of Building Circuits 4 MORE Advanced Troubleshooting Project Listings Projects 102 305 Other Fun Elenco Products Never connect Snap Circuits to the electrical outlets in your home in any way Basic Troubleshooting Most circuit problems are due to incorrect assembly always double check that your circuit exactly matches the drawing for it Be sure that parts with positive negative markings are positioned as per the drawing Sometimes the light bulbs come loose tighten them as needed Use care since glass bulbs can shatter Be sure that all connections are securely snapped 5 Try replacing the batteries If the motor spins but does not balance the fan check the black plastic piece with three prongs on the motor shaft Be sure that it is at the top of the shaft How To Use lt The Electronic Snap Circuits kit has 101 projects They are simple to build and understand The Snap Circuits kit uses building blocks with snaps to build the different electrical and electronic circuits in the pro
35. SaNNNAAARA p RII OA IMPI AAA ener amp SOS NI 0 1 72 NN SS AQAA THE IU N I D ANNANN Ma ON 7777 8 TTT CAAA AG jie n eere amg a ANNE 1 a SSPE ii SY SOOO PSTN eee ie ar nie JJI JH II BJEN boa AS ARG Te GI sso carpenter Aventc A a LY JAI JI z LITRE rn Wheeling IL 60090 JT gt ETY J i EUNN NNN NANN NNN SO ARAIA R 847 541 3800 ZA MUNNA RARA Y D 4111111 ll Web site www elenco com JANTI E TUAL 1 77 A OIB V 7 IM 11 2111 w o __L 01M 77 LO III DA BO 7 Bw yy PLY k e mail elenco O elenco com O A BITTE SIERRA EIA a0 RON ees 1 1 33 I N NV OA V S 7 D NN 7 PUES 1 0 I hed oY li llig f silo AROS SNM lt TE LII e A NWM ef an M Zet in N ER py 777 gygy I MILI LI MAMAS og te TERE IN ii E HA AZAN gt WW Wy aie O AAA DIR Ma a ES uss ne W OLI Fa eliiae Ill N a mss 3 N7 mary 4 120 421 a rey 1 a CR NN _ vlan Y 777 T to A nd Zell 4 47 Yom yyy ww Say 1 ec te Uri f MM 77 TESI W 0LIl 1 79 Tiras PEE UE Canna MN SM SQ TNC SANT fa ZY a UI MIA PP ree E al TET DORA AS ily pp ay _ Yell 7 TERT CUDASS NN TTT Paper HIMNAS H n TA Tt TT yy gt mumy 4 MI SL DP SIT DORA 1111114 gy THUC Da AM Ss WW 4 7 AMS Qi IM A Ib 4 SAMM ZLA 7 7 MMM v 17 a HIIU as a WIA IM SI VALS A M
36. To show the increase in voltage when batteries are connected in series When you turn on the slide switch S1 current flows from the batteries through the slide switch the 100Q resistor R1 the LED D1 through the LED D2 and back to the second group of batteries B1 Notice how both LED s are lit The voltage is high enough to turn on both LED s when the batteries are connected in series If only one set of batteries is used the LED s will not light up Some devices use only one 1 5 volt battery but they make hundreds of volts electronically from this small source A flash camera is an example of this Batteries in Parallel OBJECTIVE To show how batteries in parallel are used to increase current Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first including the 1 snap wire at base grid location C6 Then assemble the parts marked with a 2 Finally place the slide switch S1 on top as shown Leave the switch in the off position The light should be on and the brightness of the lamp L1 will depend on the quality of the batteries in the holder B1 on the left Put weak batteries in the left holder and strong batteries in the right holder Now turn on the switch The lamp will get brighter as the fresh batteries take over and supply the current to the light Batteries are placed in parallel when the voltage is high enough but the circuit needs more curren
37. ake a foghorn sound Project 190 Build the circuit on the left and move the adjustable resistor RV setting Sometimes it will make a foghorn sound sometimes it will make a hissing sound and sometimes it will make no sound at all Project 191 Hissing Clicking OBJECTIVE To build an adjustable clicking oscillator Project 192 Video Game Engine Sound OBJECTIVE To build a human oscillator E Modify the circuit in project 190 by replacing the 100k resistor R5 with the photoresistor RP Move the adjustable resistor RV setting until you hear hissing sounds and then shield the photoresistor while doing so and you hear clicking sounds Remove the photoresistor RP from the circuit in project 191 and instead touch your fingers between the contacts at points A4 and B2 on the base grid while moving the adjustable resistor RV You hear a clicking that sounds like the engine sound in auto racing video games 39 Project 193 Light AlarmI _ Project 194 3 5 OBJECTIVE To build a transistor light gt ri Q h te r o Light Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a brighter transistor light alarm Build the circuit with the jumper connected as shown and turn it on Nothing happens Break the jumper connection and the light turns on You could replace the jumper with a longer wire and run it across a doorway to signal an alarm when someone enters Modify the circuit i
38. al plates The sound causes the plates to vibrate and produce a small voltage The voltage is amplified by the power amplifier IC U4 which drive the speaker and LED Place a small object in the center of the whistle chip When you remove the object the speaker and LED are activated In alarm systems a siren would sound to indicate the object has been removed Project 275 Power Microphone OBJECTIVE To build a power microphone Use the circuit from project 274 Replace the whistle chip with the microphone X1 and hold it away from the speaker SP Set the control of the adjustable resistor RV to the far left Turn on the slide switch S1 and talk into the microphone You now hear your voice on the speaker The sound waves from your voice vibrate the microphone and produce a voltage The voltage is amplified by the power amplifier IC U4 and your voice is heard on the speaker 62 Project 276 LED Fan Rotation Indicator OBJECTIVE To build an LED fan rotation indicator Place the fan onto the motor M1 Turn the slide switch S1 on The fan rotates clockwise the green LED D2 and the lamp L1 light When you connect the positive side of the battery B1 to the positive side of the motor it spins clockwise Turn the slide switch off and press the press switch S2 Now the fan spins the other way and the red LED D1 and lamp light The positive side of the battery is connected to t
39. code For International code a short tone is represented by a and a long tone by a for letter or number followed by code A G B H C I D J E K F L JProject 231 LED amp Speaker OBJECTIVE To improve Morse code skills and visual recognition Use the circuit from project 228 shown above Try and find a person that already knows the Morse code to send you a message with both sound and LED flashing Try in a dark room first so LED D1 is easier to see Morse code is still used by many amateur radio operators to send messages around the world See the chart below 5 6 1 T 2 8 34 4 S Y T Z U V W X JProject 232 Dog Whistle OBJECTIVE To make an oscillator that only a dog can hear Use the circuit from project 228 shown above but change the 1kQ resistor R2 to the 1000 resistor R1 While holding down the press switch S2 move the slider on the adjustable resistor RV around When the slider is near the 100Q resistor you won t hear any sound but the circuit is still working This oscillator circuit is making sound waves at a frequency too high for your ears to hear But your dog may hear it because dogs can hear higher frequencies than people can 44 Project 233 Mind Reading Game OBJECTIVE To make an electronic game of mind
40. current from your fingers first then the NPN amplifies it more to turn on the LED Project 224 Resistance Meter OBJECTIVE To show how electronic amplifiers can detect different values of resistance Use the circuit from project 222 shown above When you placed your fingers across the two snaps marked X amp Y you noticed the LED D1 came on in project 222 In this project you will place different resistors across R 4 Z and see how bright the LED glows Do not snap them in just press them up against the snaps labeled R amp Z in the diagram above First place the 100kQ resistor R5 across the R amp Z snaps and note the brightness of the LED Next press the 5 1kQ resistor R3 across R amp Z Notice how the LED gets brighter when the resistance is less This is because the NPN amplifier Q2 gets more current at its input when the resistance is lower The PNP amplifier Q1 is not used in this test 42 Project 226 Discharging Caps OBJECTIVE To show how capacitor delays can be repeated by discharging the capacitor Use the circuit from project 225 shown above When you first turned on the slide switch S1 in project 225 the LED D1 came on and very slowly got dimmer and dimmer When you turned the slide switch S1 off and back on after the light went out it did NOT come on again The 470uF capacitor C5 was charged and everything stopped This time turn the slide switch off Then press t
41. e by placing three 3 shorting bars under the paper on row A B C or D leaving only one open Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bars are located under the paper Both Player 1 and Player 2 are given 10 points The object is for Player 2 to guess the location of the Quiet Zone by placing his shorting bar l at positions W X Y or Z In the drawing on the left Player 1 set up the ent Quiet Zone at position C If Player 2 places his shorting bar across Z on the first try the sounds played mean he has not found the Quiet Zone and he loses 1 point He has 3 tries to find the zone on each turn Each time sounds are made he loses a point Shorting Bar Qx me Player 2 then sets the A B C D side and Player 1 starts searching for A B C Play continues until one player is at zero points and makes sound or D G during that players turn Capacitor Charge amp Discharge s2 _ 9 41 0 OBJECTIVE To show how capacitors store and release ro E i electrical charge Turn on the slide switch S1 for a few seconds then turn it off The green LED D2 is initially bright but goes dim as the batteries B1 charge up the 470uF capacitor C5 The capacitor is storing electrical charge Now press the press switch S2 for a few seconds The red LED D1 is initially bright but goes dim as the capacitor discharges itself through it The capacitor value 470uF sets how much charge ca
42. e batteries a resistance which might be a resistor lamp motor integrated circuit etc and wiring paths between them and back You must be careful not to create short circuits very low resistance paths across the batteries see examples below as this will damage components and or quickly drain your batteries Only connect the ICs using configurations given in the projects incorrectly doing so may damage them Elenco Electronics is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring Here are some important guidelines ALWAYS use eye protection when experimenting on your own ALWAYS include at least one component that will limit the current through a circuit such as the speaker lamp whistle chip capacitors ICs which must be connected properly motor microphone photoresistor or resistors the adjustable resistor doesn t count if its set at near minimum resistance ALWAYS use LEDs transistors the high frequency IC the antenna and switches in conjunction with other components that will limit the current through them Failure to do so will create a short circuit and or damage those parts ALWAYS connect the adjustable resistor so that if set to its O setting the current will be limited by other components in the circuit ALWAYS connect position capacitors so that the side gets the higher voltage ALWAYS disconnect your batteries immediately and check your wiring if something appears to be getting h
43. e photoresistor RP into the circuit in project 137 across where you were connecting the jumpers points B1 and D1 on the grid and as shown in project 134 Now the buzz sounds like a mosquito Project 139 High Sensitivity Voice Doorbell OBJECTIVE To build a highly sensitive voice activated doorbell Build the circuit and wait until the sound stops Clap or talk loud a few feet away and the music plays again The microphone X1 is used here because it is very sensitive JProject 140 Louder Doorbell OBJECTIVE To build a loud highly sensitive voice activated doorbell Replace the 6V lamp L2 with the antenna coil A1 the sound is louder now JProject 141 Project 142 JProject 143 Project 144 Doorbell with Button OBJECTIVE To build a press activated doorbell Very Loud Doorbell OBJECTIVE To build a very loud highly sensitive voice activated doorbell Replace the microphone X1 with the press switch S2 and wait until the music stops Now you have to press the slide switch S1 to activate the music just like the doorbell on your house Replace the antenna coil A1 with the speaker SP the sound is much louder now Darkness Announcer OBJECTIVE To play music when it gets dark Replace the press switch S2 with the photoresistor RP and wait until the sound stops If you cover the photoresistor now the music will play once signaling t
44. essed the transistors are supplied with current for oscillation At the same time the 100uF capacitor C4 is being charged When the press switch is released the capacitor discharges and keeps the oscillation going for a while Place the 10uF capacitor C3 on top of the whistle chip WC Press and release the press m switch S2 It makes a clicking sound that repeats for a while i 1 2 70 Project 296 Leaky Capacitor 1 2 3 4 5 6 OBJECTIVE To show how capacitors can leak Build the circuit be sure the positive side of the capacitor is towards the left and turn on the slide switch S1 The green LED D2 will flash brightly as the 470uF capacitor C5 charges up and then becomes dim but will not be off When you turn off the slide switch the red LED D1 is initially bright but goes dim as the capacitor discharges itself through it Why doesn t the green LED go off after the capacitor becomes charged It is because current is leaking through the 470uF capacitor The positive side of the capacitor should normally be facing towards the higher voltage side in this circuit we have it facing away from the batteries B1 In most circuits this doesn t matter but in this case it does Reverse the position of the capacitor so the positive side is on the right and turn on the slide switch again Now the green LED turns totally off after the capacitor gets charged up
45. et Project Listings Batteries in Series Batteries in Parallel Spacey Fan Two Transistor Light Alarm Light Controlled Alarm Automatic Street Lamp Voice Controlled Rays of Light Blowing Off the Electric Light Adjustable Tone Generator Photosensitive Electronic Organ Electronic Cicada Light 4 Sounds More Light 4 Sounds More Light amp Sounds Il More Light amp Sounds 111 More Light amp Sounds IV Motor Speed Detector Old Style Typewriter Space War Sounds Space War Sounds Controlled by Light Space War Radio The Lie Detector NPN Amplifier PNP Amplifier Sucking Fan Blowing Fan PNP Collector PNP Emitter NPN Collector NPN Emitter NPN Collector Motor NPN Emitter Motor Buzzing in the Dark Touch Buzzer 14 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 High Frequency Touch Buzzer High Frequency Water Buzzer Mosquito High Sensitivity Voice Doorbell Louder Doorbell Very Loud Doorbell Doorbell with Button Darkness Announcer Musical Motion Detector Radio Music Alarm Daylight Music Radio Night Music Radio Night Gun Radio Radio Gun Alarm Daylight Gun Radio Blow Off a Space War Series Lamps Parallel Lamps Fire Fan Symphony Fire Fan Symphony Il Fan Symphony Fan Symphony Il Police Car Symphony Police Car Symphony II Ambulance Symphony Ambulance Symphony Il Static Symphony Static Symphony Il Capacitors in Series Capacitors in Parallel Water Detector Salt Water D
46. etector NPN Light Control NPN Dark Control PNP Light Control PNP Dark Control Red amp Green Control Current Controllers Current Equalizing Battery Polarity Tester Blow Off a Doorbell Blow Off a Candle Blow On a Doorbell Blow On a Candle Screaming Fan Whining Fan Light Whining More Light Whining Motor Than Won t Start Whiner Lower Pitch Whiner Hummer Adjustable Metronome Quiet Flasher Hissing Foghorn Hissing amp Clicking Video Game Engine Sound Light Alarm Brighter Light Alarm Lazy Fan Laser Light Water Alarm Radio Announcer Pitch Pitch 11 Pitch 111 Flooding Alarm Make Your Own Battery Project Listings Make Your Own Battery II Make Your Own Battery III Tone Generator Tone Generator Il Tone Generator 111 Tone Generator IV More Tone Generator More Tone Generator Il More Tone Generator 111 Music Radio Station Alarm Radio Station Standard Transistor Circuit Motor amp Lamp by Sound Fading Siren Fast Fade Siren Laser Gun with Limited Shots Symphony of Sounds Symphony of Sounds Il Transistor Amplifiers Pressure Meter Resistance Meter Auto Off Night Light Discharging Caps Changing Delay Time Morse Code Generator LED Code Teacher Ghost Shriek Machine LED amp Speaker Dog Whistle Mind Reading Game Enhanced Quiet Zone Game Capacitor Charge amp Discharge Sound Wave Magic Space War Amplifier Trombone Race Car Engine Power Amplifier Feedback Kaz
47. f a steamship Example If neither condition X NOR condition Y are true then execute instruction Z 59 Noise Activated Burglar Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a noise activated alarm Turn the slide switch S1 on and wait for the sound to stop Place the circuit into a room you want guarded If a thief comes into the room and makes a loud noise the speaker SP will sound again If you find that the sound does not turn off then vibrations created by the speaker may be activating the whistle chip Set the speaker on the table near the circuit and connect it to the same locations using the jumper wires to prevent this Project 270 Motor Activated Burglar Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a motor activated burglar alarm Project 271 Light Activated Burglar Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a light activated burglar alarm E Use the circuit from project 269 shown above Replace the whistle chip WC with the motor M1 Wind a piece of Use the circuit from project 269 shown above string around the axis of the motor so when you pull it the axes spins Connect a photoresistor RP across points A amp B and cover it or turn Connect the other end of the string to a door or window Turn the slide off the lights Turn the slide switch S1 on and wait for the sound to switch S1 on and wait for the sound to stop If a thief comes in through stop At night when the thief comes in and turns on the light the the door or wind
48. han 470uF the LED will go out 5 times faster The bigger the capacitor the longer the delay In electronics capacitors are used in every piece of equipment to delay signal or tune circuits to a desired frequency E Project 229 _ Project 230 Ghost Shriek LED Code Teacher OBJECTIVE A method of M OBJECTIVE To make a ghost learning the Morse code without all the noise Use the circuit from project 228 shown above Replace the speaker with a 1009 resistor R1 so you can practice generating the Morse code without the loud speaker Have someone transmit code and watch the LED Tell them the letter or number after each is generated When you have learned code replace the speaker Project 228 6 lo J nt W hn Machine like special effect from the Morse code generator Use the circuit from project 228 shown above but change the 1kQ resistor R2 to a 10k resistor R4 and 1uF capacitor C2 to the variable capacitor CV While holding the press switch S2 down adjust both the adjustable resistor RV and the variable capacitor for a ghost like sound At certain settings sound may stop or get very faint Morse Code Generator OBJECTIVE To make a Morse code generator and learn to generate code When you press down on the press switch S2 you will here a tone By pressing and releasing the press switch you can generate long and short tones called Morse
49. hat it has gotten dark If the speaker SP is too loud then you may replace it with the antenna coil A1 Musical Motion Detector OBJECTIVE To detect when someone spins the motor Replace the photoresistor RP with the motor M1 oriented in either direction Now spinning the motor will re activate the music 90 Project 145 Radio Music Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a radio music alarm You need an AM radio for this project Build the circuit on the left and turn on the slide switch S1 Place it next to your AM radio and tune the radio frequency to where no other station is transmitting Then tune the adjustable capacitor CV until your music sounds best on the radio Now connect a jumper wire between X and Y on the drawing the music stops If you remove the jumper now the music will play indicating your alarm wire has been triggered You could use a longer wire and wrap it around a bike and use it as a burglar alarm Project 147 Project 148 Project 149 Night Music Night Gun Radio Gun Radio Radio Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a dark OBJECTIVE To build a dark OBJECTIVE To build a radio controlled radio transmitter controlled radio transmitter alarm Remove the photoresistor RP Now connect a jumper wire between X amp Y on the drawing Put the 100k 2 resistor back in as before and instead connect the Replace the music IC U1 with photoresistor between X 4 Y you the a
50. he press switch S2 for a moment to discharge the 470uF capacitor Now when you turn the slide switch back on the delay repeats Shorting a capacitor with a low resistance will allow the charges on the capacitor to leave through the resistance In this case the low resistance was the press switch 43 E Auto Off Night Light OBJECTIVE To learn about one device that is used to delay actions in electronics When you turn on the slide switch S1 the first time the LED D1 will come on and very slowly get dimmer and dimmer If you turn the slide switch S1 off and back on after the light goes out it will NOT come on again The 470uF capacitor C5 has charged up and the NPN transistor amplifier Q2 can get no current at its input to turn it on This circuit would make a good night light It would allow you to get into bed and then it would go out No further current is taken from the battery so it will not drain the batteries B1 even if left on all night Project 227 Changing Delay Time OBJECTIVE To show how the size of the capacitor effects the delay time Use the circuit from project 225 shown above Change the 470uF capacitor C5 to the 100uF capacitor C4 Make sure the capacitor C4 is fully discharged by pressing the press switch S2 before closing the on off slide switch S1 When slide switch is turned on notice how much quicker the LED D1 goes out Since 100uF is approximately 5 times smaller t
51. he negative side of the motor The polarity on the motor determines which way it rotates Notice that the lamp lights in both polarities Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 277 Space War Sounds i A o with LED OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that uses a programmed sound integrated circuit IC 5 Build the circuit shown on the left which uses the space war integrated circuit U3 Turn the slide switch S1 on A space war sound plays and the LED D1 flashes If there is no light on the photoresistor RP then the sound will stop after a while You also make sounds by pressing the press switch S2 See how many sounds are programmed into the space war sound IC Project 278 Sound Mixer OBJECTIVE To connect two sound IC s together In the circuit the outputs from the alarm U2 and music U1 IC s are connected together The sounds from both IC s are played at the same time Project 279 Sound Mixer Fan ct te Driver OBJECTIVE To connect two sound IC s together to drive two LED s and a motor Build the circuit shown on the left Place the fan onto the motor M1 In the circuit the alarm IC U2 and the music IC U1 are connected together The sounds from both IC s can be played at the same time Press the press switch S2 The music IC plays and the green LED D2 lights Now turn on the slide switch S1 and press the press switch again Y
52. ht on the photoresistor RP though the fan will barely turn at all Press the In the circuit at left replace the motor M1 with the 2 5V lamp L1 press switch S2 and the fan will shown below Vary the brightness of the lamp by covering the spin If you hold the press switch photoresistor RP and holding down the press switch S2 in various down the fan will spin faster If you combinations Notice that pressing the press switch when the cover the photoresistor the fan will photoresistor is covered still turns on the lamp while in project 250 stop unless the press switch is doing this would turn off the motor pressed Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 53 Project 252 Storing Electricity OBJECTIVE To store electricity in a capacitor Turn the slide switch S1 on and connect points A amp B with a 2 snap wire The green LED D2 will flash and the 470uF capacitor C5 will be charged with electricity The electricity is now stored in the capacitor Disconnect points A amp B Connect points B amp C and there will be a flash from the 6V lamp L2 The capacitor discharges through the resistor to the base of the NPN transistor Q2 The positive current turns on the transistor like a switch connecting the lamp to the negative side of the batteries The light will go out after the capacitor discharges because there is no more current at the base of the transistor
53. ic currents flow in the opposite directions When a small electric current flows from the emitter to the base a larger amplified current will flow from the emitter to the collector Build the circuit and slowly move up the adjustable resistor RV control When the LED D1 becomes bright the lamp L2 will also turn on and will be much brighter 16 Project 126 2 3 lt S 6 Sucking Fan Project 127 OBJECTIVE To adjust the speed of a fan B lowing Fan OBJECTIVE To build a fan that won t come off Build the circuit and be sure to orient the motor M1 with the positive side down as shown Turn it on and set the adjustable resistor RV for the fan speed you like best If you set the speed too fast then the fan Moving parts may fly off the motor Due to the shape of the fan blades and the direction the motor spins air is sucked into the fan and towards the motor Try holding a piece of paper just above the fan to prove this If this suction is strong enough then it can lift the fan blades just like in a helicopter The fan will not move on most settings of the resistor because the resistance is too high to overcome friction in the motor If the fan does not move at any resistor setting then replace your batteries Do not Modify the circuit from project 126 by reversing the position of the motor M1 so the positive side is towards the PNP Q1 Turn it on and set the adjustable resi
54. ief comes in through the door or window the string pulls the jumper off and the music plays on the radio Light Dimmer OBJECTIVE To build a light dimmer Press the press switch S2 to complete the current s path flow You might expect the LED D1 to light instantly but it doesn t The charging current flows into the 100uF capacitor C4 first As the capacitor charges the charging current decreases input current to the PNP transistor Q1 increases So current begins to flow to the LED and the LED gradually brightens Now release the press switch The capacitor begins to discharge sending input current to the transistor As the capacitor discharges the input current reduces to zero and gradually turns off the LED and the transistor Project 257 Motion Detector OBJECTIVE Build a circuit that detects motion Set the adjustable resistor RV to the center position Turn the slide switch S1 on and the LED D1 lights Wave your hand over the photoresistor RP and the LED turns off and on The resistance changes as the amount of light strikes the photoresistor As the light decreases the resistance increases The increased resistance lowers the voltage at the base of the NPN transistor Q2 This turns off the transistor preventing current flowing through the LED to the negative side of the battery B1 Wave your hand over photoresistor at different distances The LED gets brighter the farther away your hand is
55. includes 12 new parts Teaches about Basic and 200 experiments Electricity amp Electronics Heavy duty plastic case with 2 custom foam inserts for housing your snap circuits parts Easy to identify missing components Also includes a separate small case to hold the smaller loose parts Sample Screen of Computer Experiment A in the everyday world UC 70 Upgrade Kit using our Learn By Converts SC 300 Snap Circuits into Doing concept SC 750 Snap Circuits Extreme includes 22 new parts CI 73 computer interface and more than 450 experiments for use with SC 300 Acts as a scope and allows you to see the signals in the circuit 74 ge cocoons amp bh sl CEE ZA AAA p UI 1 N C wry IS o TCP A JUL amp UY MI F Mu v JIM a oO A ___ 47 MWM J a w I Ya AMLI a gt TEE MN oan ne NENS 4 SAMs 7 MN MA am NCAA PA e W JNM I LZZ Y am INCAS IA ee are 1 77 70 IZA ZO Ox 1 110 amp mui 77 O STO A mS xy y 1717 11 OU aa MITA EE mn T A NA oyy Y Wd X S ADMA JHIRHNN D PEE MN a ZT G a mp gt MT o PEEL IL OT oe Cie oN AIW AAA sanm S IS E SAAI 7 ff l va ae MUHUN O NNN NX DESSA LG el e E 11 0000 Las T E la SAA AWA A En LY AL OA vv NB ama ASS St OS an S77 PIN SS G2 Wom 2 orm SSSI NI 0 7 77 maa A G w ma OO Nl 0 7 77 E a RI 0 7 EAN 1 7J3 111 3 aiwwm S
56. ion there is no resistance separating the jumpers Now take the loose ends of the jumpers and place them in a cup of water without letting them touch each other The LED should be dimly lit indicating you have detected water For this experiment your LED brightness may vary depending upon your local water supply Pure water like distilled water has very high resistance but drinking water has impurities mixed in that increase electrical conduction OBJECTIVE To show how adding salt to water changes water s electrical characteristics 2 E Project 167 Saltwater Detector Place the jumpers in a cup of water as in the preceding project the LED D1 should be dimly lit Slowly add salt to the water and see how the LED brightness changes mix it a little so it dissolves It will slowly become very bright as you add more salt You can use this bright LED condition as a saltwater detector You can then reduce the LED brightness by adding more water to dilute the salt Take another cup of water and try adding other household substances like sugar to see if they increase the LED brightness as the salt did 26 E Project 108 NPN Light Control 4 OBJECTIVE transistor circuits Turn on the slide switch S1 the brightness of the LED D2 depends on how much light shines on the photoresistor RP The resistance drops as more light shines allowing more current to the NPN Q2 To compare E Pro
57. it and turn it on you hear a high frequency sound Project 207 Project 208 Project 209 Tone Generator II OBJECTIVE To lower the frequency of a tone by increasing circuit capacitance Place the 0 02uF capacitor C1 on top of the whistle chip WC in the preceding circuit you hear a middle frequency sound Why The whistle chip is used here as a capacitor and by placing the 0 02uF on top in parallel we have increased the capacitance and doing so lowers the frequency 37 Tone Generator IIl OBJECTIVE To lower the frequency of a tone by increasing circuit capacitance Next replace the 0 02uF capacitor C1 and the whistle chip WC with the larger 0 1uF capacitor C2 You now hear a low frequency sound due to yet more capacitance Tone Generator IV OBJECTIVE To lower the frequency of a tone by increasing circuit capacitance Now replace the 0 1uF C2 with the much larger 10uF capacitor C3 orient with the positive side towards the left the circuit just clicks about once a second There isn t a constant tone anymore due to other transistor properties You need a different type of circuit to create very low frequency tones Project 210 More Tone Generator 8 OBJECTIVE To build a middle frequency oscillator Build the circuit as the name suggests this circuit is similar to that in project 206 Turn it on you hear a middle frequency sound Ml
58. ject 109 NPN Dark Control OBJECTIVE transistor circuits To compare Turn on the slide switch S1 the brightness of the LED D2 depends on how LITTLE light shines on the photoresistor RP The resistance drops as more light shines diverting current away from the NPN Q2 Project 171 PNP Dark Control OBJECTIVE transistor circuits Project 170 PNP Light Control OBJECTIVE transistor circuits To compare 4 To compare Turn on the slide switch S1 the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how much light shines on the photoresistor RP The resistance drops as more light shines allowing more current through the PNP Q1 This is similar to the NPN Q2 circuit above Turn on the slide switch S1 the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how LITTLE light shines on the photoresistor RP The resistance drops as more light shines so more current gets to the 100kQ resistor R5 from the photoresistor path and less from the PNP diode path This is similar to the NPN circuit above Project 172 Red amp Green Control gt OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how the adjustable resistor works Turn on the circuit using the slide switch S1 and or the press switch S2 and move the adjustable resistor s RV control lever around to adjust the brightness of the LED s D1 4 is set to one side that side will have low resistance and its LED will be bright assuming the
59. jects Each block has a function there are switch blocks lamp blocks battery blocks different length wire blocks etc These blocks are in different colors and have numbers on them so that you can easily identify them The circuit you will build is shown in color and with numbers identifying the blocks that you will use and snap together to form a circuit For Example This is the switch block which is green and has the marking 61 on it as shown in the drawings Please note that the drawing doesn t reflect the real switch block exactly it is missing the ON and OFF markings but gives you the general idea of which part is being used in the circuit This is a wire block which is blue and comes in different wire lengths This one has the number 2 3 4 5 6 or 7 on it To build each circuit you have a power source block number that need two 2 AA batteries not included with the Snap Circuits kit A large clear plastic base grid is included with this kit to help keep the circuit block together You will see evenly spaced posts that the different blocks snap into You do not need this base to build your circuits but it does help in keeping your circuit together neatly The base has rows labeled A G and columns labeled 1 10 Next to each part in every circuit drawing is a small number in black This tells you which level the component is placed at Place all parts on level 1 first then all of the parts on leve
60. l 2 then all of the parts on level 3 etc The 2 5V and 6V bulbs come packaged separate from their sockets Install the 2 5V bulb in the lamp socket Lo and the 6V bulb in the lamp socket L2 whenever those parts are used Place the fan on the motor ut whenever that part is used unless the project you are building says not to use it Some circuits use the jumper wires to make unusual connections Just clip them to the metal snaps or as indicated Elenco Electronics is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring CIA O Note If you suspect you have damaged There is also a 1 snap wire that is used as a spacer or for parts you can follow the Advanced interconnection between different layers Troubleshooting procedure on page 5 to determine which ones need replacing depending on the length of the wire connection required Parts List Colors and styles may vary Symbols and Numbers Note There are additional part lists in your other project manuals ID Name Part ID Name Part Qty oh bh Snap Wire 6SCO01 O 71 OuF Capacitor 6SCC3 6SCC4 NO Snap Wire 6SC02 o1 100uF Capacitor 6SC03 6SCC5 4 Snap Wire 6SC04 Snap Wire 6SC07 Battery Holder uses 2 1 5V type AA not Included 6SCB1 Snap Wire O11 470uF Capacitor o O Lo 1kQ Resistor 6SCR2 L 0 1 o 1kQ Resistor 6SCR3 al 4 ARE 0 1 L O 1 10k
61. lace the slide switch S1 on and adjust the adjustable resistor RV The circuit produces the sound of the cicada insect By placing the 0 02uF capacitor on top of the whistle chip the circuit oscillates at a lower frequency Notice that the LED flashes also at the same frequency It is possible to pick resistors and capacitors that will make the pitch higher than humans can hear Many animals however can hear these tones For example a parakeet can hear tones up to 50 000 cycles per second but a human can only hear to 20 000 Project 113 Light amp Sounds 7 OBJECTIVE To build a police siren with light 1 2 3 a 5 Turn on the slide switch S1 A police siren is heard and the lamp L2 lights Project 4114 j Project 4115 Project 116 _ Project 117 More Light amp More Light amp More Light More Light sounds Sounds 11 Sounds III Sounds IV OBJECTIVE To show a OBJECTIVE To show af OBJECTIVE To show af OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the circuit in variation of the circuit in variation of the circuit in variation of the circuit in project 113 project 113 project 113 project 113 Now remove the connection between U amp Z then place the 470uF capacitor C5 between X amp Y side to X The sound changes after a few seconds Modify the last circuit by Now remove the connection Now remove the connection connecting points X amp Y The between X amp Y
62. larm IC U2 Now your also need a 1 snap and a 2 snap radio plays the sound of a wire to do this Now your radio machine gun when it is dark plays music when it is dark If you remove the jumper now the machine gun sound will play on the radio indicating your alarm wire has been triggered JProject 146 Daylight Music Radio OBJECTIVE To build a light controlled radio transmitter Remove the jumper wire Replace the 100kQ resistor R5 with the photoresistor RP Now your AM radio will play music as long as there is light in the room JProject 150 Daylight Gun Radio OBJECTIVE To build a light controlled radio transmitter Remove the jumper wire Replace the 100kQ resistor R5 with the photoresistor RP Now your AM radio will play the machine gun sound as long as there is light in the room 21 Projec 5 t 151 Project 152 Series Lamps OBJECTIVE To compare types of circuits Turn on the slide switch S1 and both lamps L1 amp L2 will light If one of the bulbs is broken then neither will be on because the lamps are in series An example of this is the strings of small Christmas lights if one bulb is damaged then the entire string does not work Blow Off a Space War OBJECTIVE To turn off a circuit by blowing on it Build the circuit and turn it on you hear a space war Since it is loud and annoying try to shut it off by blowing into the microphone
63. n be able to play a few songs 49 Project 242 AM Radio OBJECTIVE To make a complete working AM radio n 200 UL Ll O When you turn on the slide switch S1 the integrated circuit U5 should amplify and detect the AM radio waves all around you The variable capacitor CV can be tuned to the desirable station Varying the adjustable resistor RV will make the audio louder or softer The power amplifier IC U4 drives the speaker SP to complete the AM radio project B0 L Frorscs 243 Fire Engine Symphony L Project 244 OBJECTIVE To combine sounds Fire Engine from the music alarm and space Symphony 11 war integrated circuits OBJECTIVE Build the circuit shown and add the See project 243 jumper to complete it Note that in two places two single snaps are stacked on top of each other Also de mah Wie Siler alla ieee loud so replace the speaker SP ayer 2 that does not connect with a i with the whistle chip WC 4 snap wire that runs over it on layer 4 both touch the music IC U1 Turn Can you guess why the jumper is it on and press the press switch S2 used in this circuit It is being several times and wave your hand used as just a 6 snap wire over the photoresistor RP to hear because without it you don t have the full spectrum of sounds that this enough parts to build this circuit can create Have fun complex circuit The preceding circuit may be to
64. n be stored in it and the resistor value 1kQ sets how quickly that charge can be stored or released 46 Project 236 Sound Wave Magic OBJECTIVE To show how sound waves travel on a paper surface P Build the circuit shown on the left and connect the speaker SP using the two 2 jumper wires Then lay the speaker on a flat hard surface Setup Use some paper and scissors to cut out a rectangular pattern Paper Tray Use the one shown below as a guide Use colored paper if available Fold at the points shown Scotch tape the corners so the tray has no cracks at the corners Place the tray over the speaker and sprinkle a small amount of white table salt in the tray There should be enough salt to cover the bottom with a little space between each salt grain Salt Sound Magic Turn on the circuit by turning on the slide switch S1 Adjust the adjustable resistor RV for different pitches and watch the salt particles Particles that bounce high are directly over the vibrating paper and ones that do not move are in the nodes where the paper is not vibrating Eventually all the salt will move to the areas that have no vibration and stay there Change the position of the tray and the material used to create different patterns due to the sound Try sugar and coffee creamer for example to see if they move differently due to the sound waves RS ep 5 A Space War a Lipit tis Amplifier OBJECTIVE To
65. n project 193 by replacing the LED D1 with the 2 5V lamp L1 and replacing the 5 1kQ resistor R3 with the 100Q resistor R1 It works the same way but is brighter now Bi 195 Lazy Fan _ Project 196 f ye P f siii To build a fan that doesn t L aser L g h t OBJECTIVE To build a simple laser Press the press switch S2 and the fan will be on for a few turns Wait a few moments and Replace the motor M1 with the 6V press again and the fan will make a few more lamp L2 Now pressing the press turns switch S2 creates a blast of light like a laser Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 197 Water Alarm 1 2 3 4 6 7 B OBJECTIVE To sound an alarm when water is detected tone will vary with salt content Build the circuit at left and connect the two 2 jumpers to it place the loose ends of the jumpers into an empty cup without them touching each other Press the press switch S2 nothing happens Add some water to the cup and an alarm will sound Add salt to the water and the tone changes You can also test different liquids and see what tone they produce Project 198 Radio Announcer m OBJECTIVE To hear your voice on the radio Mo You need an AM radio for this project Build the circuit shown but do not turn on the slide switch S1 Place it within a foot of your AM radio and tune the radio frequency to the middle of the AM band around
66. o Vibration or Sound Indicator OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that is activated by vibration or sound Turn on the slide switch S1 the war sounds start playing and the LED D1 flashes When all of the sounds are played the circuit stops Clap your hands next to the whistle chip WC or tap on it Any loud sound or vibration causes the whistle chip to produce a small voltage which activates the circuit You can repeat a sound by holding down the press switch S2 while it is playing Project 246 Two Finger Touch Lamp OBJECTIVE To show that your body can be used as an electronic component Build the circuit on the left You re probably wondering how it can work since one of the points on the NPN transistor Q2 is unconnected It can t but there is another component that isn t shown That component is you Touch points X Y with your fingers The LED D1 may be dimly lit The problem is your fingers aren t making a good enough electrical contact with the metal Wet your fingers with water or saliva and touch the points again The LED should be very bright now Think of this circuit as a touch lamp since when you touch it the LED lights You may have seen such a lamp in the store or already have one in your home One Finger Touch Lamp OBJECTIVE To show you how finger touch lamps work The touch lamps you see in stores only need to be touched by one finger to light not two So let s see if we can
67. on most settings of the resistor because the resistance is too high to overcome friction in the motor If the fan does not move at any resistor setting then replace your batteries Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 65 Project 28 Start Stop Delay 7 OBJECTIVE To start and stop a motor with light Place the fan on the motor M1 Turn on the slide switch S1 the motor starts spinning As you move your hand over the photoresistor RP the motor slows Now place a finger on top of the photoresistor to block the light The motor slows down In a few seconds the motor speeds up again The fan will not move on most settings of the resistor because the resistance is too high to overcome friction in the motor If the fan does not move at any resistor setting then replace your batteries Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 283 Mail Notifying System or OBJECTIVE To build a circuit to indicate tf you have mail Turn on the slide switch S1 If there is light on the photoresistor RP the red LED D1 will not light Place your finger over the photoresistor and now the red LED lights A simple mail notifying system can be made using this circuit Install the photoresistor and the green LED D2 inside the mailbox facing each other Place the red LED outside the mailbox When there is mail the light is blocked from the photoresistor and the red LE
68. oo AM Radio Fire Engine Symphony Fire Engine Symphony Il Vibration or Sound Indicator Two Finger Touch Lamp One Finger Touch Lamp Space Battle Space Battle 11 Multi Speed Light Fan Light amp Finger Light Storing Electricity Lamp Brightness Control Electric Fan Radio Music Burglar Alarm Light Dimmer Motion Detector Fan Modulator Oscillator 0 5 30Hz Sound Pulse Oscillator Motion Detector Il Motor Rotation Motor Delay Fan Motor Delay Fan Il High Pitch Bell Steamboat Whistle Steamship Steamship Horn Noise Activated Burglar Alarm Motor Activated Burglar Alarm Light Activated Burglar Alarm Photoresistor Control Microphone Control Pressure Alarm Power Microphone LED Fan Rotation Indicator Space War Sounds with LED Sound Mixer Sound Mixer Fan Driver Electric Fan Stopped by Light Motor amp Lamp Start Stop Delay Mail Notifying System Mail Notifying Electronic Bell Mail Notifying Electronic Lamp Twice Amplified Oscillator Quick Flicking LED AM Radio with Transistors AM Radio Il Music Amplifier Delayed Action Lamp Delayed Action Fan Police Siren Amplifier Lasting Doorbell Lasting Clicking Leaky Capacitor Transistor Fading Siren Fading Doorbell Blowing Space War Sounds Adjustable Time Delay Lamp Adjustable Time Delay Fan Adjustable Time Delay Lamp Il Adjustable Time Delay Fan Il Watch Light Delayed Bedside Fan Project 102 Batteries in Series 3 4 OBJECTIVE
69. ot ALWAYS check your wiring before turning on a circuit ALWAYS connect ICs using configurations given in the projects or as per the connection descriptions for the parts NEVER try to use the high frequency IC as a transistor the packages are similar but the parts are different NEVER use the 2 5V lamp in a circuit with both battery holders unless you are sure that the voltage across it will be limited NEVER connect to an electrical outlet in your home in any way NEVER leave a circuit unattended when it is turned on NEVER touch the motor when it is spinning at high speed For all of the projects given in this book the parts may be arranged in different ways without changing the circuit For example the order of parts connected in series or in parallel does not matter what matters is how combinations of these sub circuits are arranged together NEVER DO Examples of SHORT CIRCUITS NEVER DO THESE Placing a 3 snap wire directly across the batteries is a SHORT CIRCUIT NEVER DO This is also a SHORT CIRCUIT When the slide switch S1 is turned on this large circuit has a SHORT CIRCUIT path as shown by the arrows The short circuit prevents any other portions of the circuit from ever working You are encouraged to tell us about new circuits you create Upon review we will post them with your name age and hometown in a special section on our website If we use them in future manual
70. ou should hear the sounds from both IC s playing As the alarm IC plays it also drives the fan and the red LED D1 Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 64 Project 280 Electric Fan Stopped Qi p 7 by Light OBJECTIVE To show how light can control a motor Mol Turn on the slide switch S1 and set the adjustable resistor RV control so the motor M1 just starts spinning Slowly cover the photoresistor RP and the motor spins faster By placing more light over the photoresistor the motor slows The fan will not move on most settings of the resistor because the resistance is too high to overcome friction in the motor If the fan does not move at any resistor setting then replace your batteries Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Motor amp Lamp OBJECTIVE To control large currents with a small one Place the fan on the motor M1 Turn on the slide switch S1 and the motor spins The transistors are like two switches connected in series A small current turns on the NPN transistor Q2 which turns on the PNP transistor Q1 The large current used to spin the motor now flows through the PNP The combination allows a small current to control a much larger one Press the press switch S2 and the lamp L2 lights and slows the motor When the lamp lights the voltage across the motor decreases and slows it down The fan will not move
71. ow the string pulls and the axes spins This will activate speaker SP makes the sound of a machine gun the sound 60 Project 272 Photoresistor Control OBJECTIVE To use a photoresistor to control the brightness of an LED In this circuit the brightness of the LED D1 depends on how much light shines directly on the photoresistor RP If the photoresistor were held next to a flashlight or other bright light then the LED would be very bright The resistance of the photoresistor decreases as more light shines on it Photoresistors are used in applications such as streetlamps which come on as it gets dark due to night or a severe storm Project 273 Microphone Control OBJECTIVE To use a microphone to control the brightness of an LED In this circuit blowing on the microphone X1 changes the LED D1 brightness The resistance of the microphone changes when you blow on it You can replace the microphone with one of the resistors to see what resistor value it is closest to 61 Project 274 Pressure Alarm OBJECTIVE To build a pressure alarm circuit Connect two jumper wires to the whistle chip WC as shown Set the control of the adjustable resistor RV to the far left and turn on the switch There is no sound from the speaker SP and the LED D1 is off Tap the center of the whistle chip The speaker sounds and the LED lights The whistle chip has a piezocrystal between the two met
72. r M1 slowly with your fingers don t use the fan blade you will hear a clicking that sounds like an old time manual typewriter keystrokes Spin the motor faster and the clicking speeds up accordingly This circuit works the same if you spin the motor in either direction unlike the Motor Speed Detector project By spinning the motor with your fingers the physical effort you exert is converted into electricity In electric power plants steam is used to spin large motors like this and the electricity produced is used to run everything in your town 13 Project 120 Space War Sounds 4 5 6 OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that produces multiple space war sounds 1 2 Set the slide switch S1 to the OFF position Press the press switch S2 down and a space sound will be played If you hold the press switch down the sound repeats Press the press switch again and a different sound is played Keep pressing the press switch to hear all the different sounds Next set the slide switch to ON position One of the sounds will be played continuously Turn the switch off and then back on A different sound is played Keep pressing the press switch to hear all the different combinations of sounds The space war IC U3 has logic built into its circuitry that allows it to switch between many different sounds Pr 1 2 O ject 121 Space War Sounds fi gf Controlled By Light OBJECTIVE To change the sounds of a m
73. requency You can also change frequency by changing the capacitance of the circuit Place the 0 1uF capacitor C2 on top of the 0 02uF capacitor C1 notice how the sound has changed See project 199 Remove the 0 1uF C2 capacitor and replace the 100kQ resistor R5 wth the photoresistor RP Wave your hand up and down over the photoresistor to change the sound Changing the light on the photoresistor changes the circuit resistance just like varying the adjustable resistance does Note If you have the adjustable resistor RV set to the right and light shining on the photoresistor then you may not get any sound because the total resistance is too low for the circuit to operate Flooding Alarm OBJECTIVE To sound an alarm when water ts detected Build the circuit on the left and connect the two 2 jumpers to it place the loose ends of the jumpers into an empty cup without them touching each other Turn on the slide switch S1 nothing happens This circuit is designed to detect water and there is none in the cup Add some water to the cup an alarm sounds You can use longer jumper wires and hang them near your basement floor or next to your Sump pump to give a warning if your basement is being flooded Note that if the loose jumper ends accidentally touch then you will have a false alarm 35 Project 203 Make Your Own Fra Battery OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how batteries can store electricity
74. resistance The photoresistor and transistor Q2 act like a dimmer switch adjusting the voltage applied to the alarm This type of circuit is used in alarm systems to detect light If an intruder turned on a light or hit the sensor with a flashlight beam the alarm would trigger and probably force the intruder to leave Project 107 Automatic Street Lamp OBJECTIVE To show how light is used to control a street lamp Press the press switch S2 on and set the adjustable resistor RV so the lamp L2 just lights Slowly cover the photoresistor RP and the lamp brightens If you place more light at the photoresistor the light dims This is an automatic street lamp that you can turn on by a certain darkness and turn off by a certain brightness This type of circuit is installed on many outside lights and forces them to turn off and save electricity They also come on when needed for safety Project 109 Turn the slide switch S1 on There will be A Omz only a weak light JM a i Install the parts The emitting from the green B o Q1 E Bi lamp L2 will be on It LED D2 By blowing a IAH will be off as long as on the mic X1 or ob 2 0 you blow on the mic putting it near a radio i a X1 Speaking loud or TV set the green Y o into the mic will LED will emit light and E Tel I change the brightness its brightness changes gt y NE of the lamp as the loudness changes
75. rn off the slide switch Repeat the test with the slide swtich off you ll notice the LED goes out much faster after you release the press switch The much smaller 100uF capacitor C4 is now in series with the 470uF and so reduces the total capacitance electrical storage capacity and they discharge much faster Note that this is opposite to how resistors in series work OBJECTIVE To compare types of circuits Turn off the slide switch S1 then press and release the press switch S2 The LED D1 becomes bright when the 100uF capacitor charges up with the press switch on then the LED slowly gets dim after you release the press switch Now turn on the slide switch and repeat the test you ll notice the LED goes out much slower after you release the press switch The much larger 470uF capacitor C5 is now in parallel with the 100uF and so increases the total capacitance electrical storage capacity and they discharge much slower Note that this is opposite to how resistors in parallel work Project 166 Water Detector 6 7 8 OBJECTIVE To show how water conducts electricity Build the circuit at left and connect the two jumpers to it but leave the loose ends of the jumpers lying on the table initially Turn on the slide switch S1 the LED D1 will be dark because the air separating the jumpers has very high resistance Touch the loose jumper ends to each other and the LED will be bright because with a direct connect
76. stable resistor RV control lever across its range When the lever is all the way down the LED D1 will be off as you move the lever up it will come on and reach full brightness This circuit is considered the standard transistor configuration for amplifiers The adjustable resistor control will normally be set so that the LED is at half brightness since this minimizes distortion of the signal being amplified 39 Motor amp Lamp by Sound OBJECTIVE To control a motor using light Turn the slide switch S1 on the motor M1 spins and the lamp L2 lights As you move your hand over the photoresistor RP the motor slows Now place finger onto the photoresistor to block the light The motor slows down In a few seconds the motor speeds up again Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Fading SirenI Project 218 7 B OBJECTIVE To produce sound of Fast Fade a siren driving away into the Siren distance OBJECTIVE To produce sound of a siren driving away into the distance Press the press switch S2 the alarm IC U2 should make the sound of an up down siren that gets weaker with time The fading is produced by the charging of the 470uF capacitor C5 After it is charged the current stops and the sound is very weak To repeat this effect you must release the press switch remove the capacitor and discharge it by placing it across the snaps on the bottom bar marked A amp B
77. stor RV switch You can change the delay time with the adjustable resistor RV Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 2 Project 302 Time Delay Lamp II stays on for a while Be sure to use the 2 5V lamp L1 for this circuit Turn on the switch and press the press switch S2 The lamp stays on for a few seconds after you release the press switch You can change the delay time with the adjustable resistor RV stays on for a while Turn on the switch and press the press switch S2 The lamp stays on for a few seconds after you release the press switch A miniature version of a circuit like this might be in your wristwatch when you press a light button on the watch to read the time in the dark a light comes on but automatically turns off after a few seconds to avoid draining the battery OBJECTIVE To build a lamp that Adjustable Project 303 Adjustable Time Delay Fan II OBJECTIVE To build a fan that stays on for a while Replace the lamp L1 with the motor M1 be sure to put on the fan Turn on the switch and press the press switch S2 The fan stays on for a while after you release the press switch You can change the delay time with the adjustable resistor RV Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Watch Light Project 305 OBJECTIVE To build a lamp that Delayed Bedside Fan OBJECTIVE To build a
78. stor RV for the fan speed you like best Set it for full speed and see if the fan flies off it won t The fan is blowing air upward now Try holding a piece of paper just above the fan to prove this Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Do not lean over the motor Pruett 128 PNP Collector L di 129 PNP Emitter OBJECTIVE To 4 5 OBJECTIVE To compare demonstrate adjusting the transistor circuits gain of a transistor circuit touch the fan or motor during operation Compare this circuit to that in project 128 The maximum lamp L2 brightness is less here because the lamp resistance reduces the Build the circuit and vary the lamp L2 brightness with the adjustable resistor RV it will be off for most of the resistors range The point on the PNP Q1 that emitter base current which contacts the emitter collector current as per project 128 The point on the PNP Q1 that the lamp is now connected to grid point C4 is called the emitter the lamp is connected to point E4 on the base grid is called the collector hence the name for this project 17 Project 130 NPN Collector OBJECTIVE transistor circuits l 2 O Compare this circuit to that in project 128 it is the NPN transistor Q2 version and works the same way Which circuit makes the lamp L2 brighter They are about the same because both transistors are made from
79. t than one group of batteries can supply Think of each battery as a storage tank that supplies water If you put two in parallel you can get more water current but the pressure voltage stays the same Project 104 Spacey Fan OBJECTIVE To build a fan with space war sounds that is activated by light Place the fan onto the motor M1 Space war sounds are heard if light shines on the photoresistor RP OR if you press the press switch S2 the fan may start to spin but will only get to high speed if you do BOTH Try various combinations of shining light and holding down the press switch Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 105 Two Transistor Light Alarm OBJECTIVE To compare transistor circuits This light alarm circuit uses two transistors Q1 amp Q2 and both sets of batteries Build the circuit with the jumper connected as shown and turn it on Nothing happens Break the jumper connection and the lamp L2 turns on You could replace the jumper with a longer wire and run it across a doorway to signal an alarm when someone enters Light controlled Alarm OBJECTIVE To show how light is used to turn an alarm The alarm will sound as long as light is present Slowly cover the photoresistor RP and the volume goes down If you turn off the lights the alarm will stop The amount of light changes the resistance of the photoresistor less light means more
80. the same materials Project 132 NPN Collector Motor OBJECTIVE transistor circuits This is the same circuit as in project 130 except that it has the motor M1 instead of the lamp Place the motor with the positive side touching the NPN and put the fan on it The fan will not move on most settings of the resistor because the resistance is too high to overcome friction in the motor If the fan does not move at any resistor setting then replace your batteries Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Do not lean over the motor To compare To compare Project 131 NPN Emitter OBJECTIVE transistor circuits To compare Compare this circuit to that in project 129 It is the NPN transistor Q2 version and works the same way The same principles apply here as in projects 128 130 so you should expect it to be less bright than 130 but as bright as 129 Project 133 NPN Emitter OBJECTIVE transistor circuits Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Motor To compare This is the same circuit as in project 131 except that it has the motor M1 instead of the lamp Place the motor with the positive side to the right and put the fan on it Compare the fan speed to that in project 132 Just as the lamp was dimmer in the emitter configuration the motor is not as fast now 18 JProject 134
81. tion explore the circuitry and troubleshoot it Build Over 500 Projects Contains Over 75 Parts Build Over 750 Projects Contains Over 80 Parts Including Including Including Including e Electronic cat e FM radio module e Strobe light e Solar cell e Music meter e Analog meter e Electromagnetism e Electromagnet e Adjustable light control e Recording IC module e Transistor AM radio e Vibration switch e Digitally tuned FM radio e Diode e Rechargeable battery e Two spring socket e Digital voice recorder e 7 Segment LED display e Solar batteries e Bag of paperclips e Light controlled music e Relay e Mega pulser and flasher e AC generator e SCR e Paperclip compass e Flashing numbers e Transformer e Plus all experiments contained in the 500 in 1 SC 500 e Plus all experiments contained in the 300 in 1 SC 300 e Includes CI 73 Computer Interface UC 50 Upgrade Kit Student Guide Computer Interface for Snap Circuits Model CI 73 With this module you will also learn about and use an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer as you build over 73 BONUS EXPERIMENTS using your Windows based PC Comes with all of the interface parts you need and the software Great for introducing electronics through a computer Works with all versions of our Snap Circuits Custom Storage Case Converts 80 full color pages SC 300 Snap Circuits into SC 500 Snap Circuits Pro Educational Series N
82. tor RV control up and down you should be able to make the sound of a race car engine as its motor speeds up and slows down 48 Project 240 Power Amplifier 1 2 3 4 5 OBJECTIVE To check stability of power amplifier with open input When you turn on the slide switch S1 the power amplifier IC U4 should not oscillate You should be able to touch point X with your finger and hear static If you do not hear anything listen closely and wet your finger that touches point X High frequency clicks or static should be coming from speaker SP indicating that the amplifier is powered on and ready to amplify signals The power amplifier may oscillate on its own Do not worry this is normal with high gain high powered amplifiers Ml Project 241 Feedback Kazoo OBJECTIVE To show how electronic feedback can be used to make a musical instrument Use the circuit from project 240 shown on the left When you place one finger on point X and a finger from your other hand on the speaker SP snap that is not connected to the battery B1 what happens If the amplifier starts to oscillate it is due to the fact that you just provided a feedback path to make the amplifier into an oscillator You may even be able to change the pitch of the oscillation by pressing harder on the snaps This is the principle used to make an electronic kazoo If you practice and learn the amount of pressure required to make each note you may eve
83. tput a tone and the LED D2 will flash at the same frequency Your finger acts as a conductor connecting points A 8 B When a person is lying one thing the body starts to do is sweat The sweat makes the finger a better conductor by reducing its resistance As the resistance drops the frequency of the tone increases Lightly wet your finger and place it across the two points again Both the output tone and LED flashing frequency increase and the lamp L2 may begin to light If your finger is wet enough then the lamp will be bright and the sound stops indicating you are a big liar Now change the wetness of your finger by drying it and see how it affects the circuit This is the same principle used in lie detectors that are sold commercially 15 3 7 OBJECTIVE To compare transistor circuits Project 124 NPN Amplifier There are three connection points on an NPN transistor Q2 called base marked B emitter marked E and collector marked C When a small electric current flows from the base to the emitter a larger amplified current will flow from the collector to the emitter Build the circuit and slowly move up the adjustable resistor RV control When the LED D2 becomes bright the lamp L2 will also turn on and will be much brighter PNP Amplifier OBJECTIVE To compare transistor circuits The PNP transistor Q1 is similar to the NPN transistor Q2 in project 166 except that the electr
84. ultiple space war with light Modify the preceding circuit to look like the one shown on the left The space war IC U3 will play a sound continuously Block the light to the photoresistor RP with your hand The sound will stop Remove your hand and a different sound is played Wave your hand over the photoresistor to hear all the different sounds Press the press switch down and now two space war sounds are played If you hold the press switch down the sound repeats Press the press switch again and a different sound is played Keep pressing the press switch to hear all the different combinations of sounds 14 Project 122 Space War Radio OBJECTIVE To transmit Space War sounds to a AM radio Place the circuit next to an AM radio Tune the radio so no stations are heard and turn on the slide switch S1 You should hear the space war sounds on the radio The red LED D1 should also be lit Adjust the variable capacitor CV for the loudest signal You have just performed the experiment that took Marconi who invented the radio a lifetime to invent The technology of radio transmission has expanded to the point that we take it for granted There was a time however when news was only spread by word of mouth 3 OBJECTIVE To show how sweat makes a better conductor Project 123 The Lie Detector 1 2 3 5 6 Turn on the slide switch S1 and place your finger across points A B The speaker SP will ou
85. use without it you don t have enough parts to build this complex circuit Project 222 Transistor Amplifiers 3 OBJECTIVE To learn about the most important component in electronics Project 223 Pressure Meter OBJECTIVE To show how electronic amplifiers can detect skin pressure on two contacts Use the circuit from project 222 shown above When you placed your fingers across the two snaps marked X amp Y you noticed the LED D1 came on in project 222 Repeat this process but this time press very lightly on the two snaps marked X amp Y Notice how the brightness of the LED is dependent on the amount of pressure you use Pressing hard makes the LED bright while pressing very gently makes it dim or even flash This is due to what technicians call contact resistance Even switches made to turn your lights on and off have some resistance in them When large currents flow this resistance will drop the voltage and produce the undesirable side effect of heat When you place one or more fingers across the two snaps marked X amp Y you will notice the LED D1 turns on The two transistors are being used to amplify the very tiny current going through your body to turn on the LED Transistors are actually electrical current amplifiers The PNP transistor Q1 has the arrow pointing into the transistor body The NPN transistor Q2 has the arrow pointing out of the transistor body The PNP amplifies the

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