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1. Determining Arean aoc aou o XR UGEERO SNO See eT Ta RS Using the SPBIS data collection form esses Components of Trimble GeoXT system Trimble Support Information References Windows CE Operating System eeeeeseese System Configuration for use of ArcPadQ suusss Battery and POWT aenn ed E EMO RT RES Su Los TEOUDIGSDODUE ooo cs erreur OL ES SR VES EINS EXER TRO EAS UNA ss 25 34 36 38 42 44 45 53 56 61 65 68 82 Geographic Information System 83 84 Spatially referenced data Any data that has a spatial location component SPATIAL DATA GEOGRAPHICALLY REFERENCED DATA IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO LOCATION SPATIAL ow NM FS ADDRESS NAME izoxronoent sos soe 4OXFORD OW Tawa 7000 16 OXFORD CAT DRANA 6006 DATABASE GIS data model Raster data model Grid cell based Simple data structure Raster data model Grid cell based Simple data structure Continuous surface feature aerial photo digital elevation model digital photographs Vector data model Directional linear connection between two points Basic elements points Lines Polygon X Y coordinates of points lines and polygons unlimited precision Points a b c d Lines 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Polygons A B C D 85 86 Vector feature type Objects phenomena represented as three types
2. End If Sub DecrementN um strNum Dim intNum If strNum 2 Then intNum CInt objP gS ixCtrls txtN umF ading Value objP gS ixC tris txtNumF ading Value intNum 1 Elself strNum 3 Then intNum CInt objP gSixCtrls txtiNumGreen Value objP gS ixC tris txtNumGreen Value intNum 1 Elself strNum 4 Then intNum ClInt objP gS ixC tris txtNumVac Value objP gSixCtris txtNumVac Value intNum 1 End If End Sub Sub SumTreeCounts Dim intNum1 intNum2 intT otal intNum1 CInt objP gS ixC tris txtNumF ading Value intNum2 CInt objP gS ixCtrls txtN umGreen Value intTotal intNum1 intNum2 objP gS ixCtrls txtInfTrees Value intTotal End Sub AUIHAIEHTEHTIEHTIEHTIHTIETIELIEIATIEATIATI UII Exit Routines Sub GPS Update Dim objLayer objRS strinput strFileName Set objLayer Application Map SelectionLayer Set objRS objLayer Records objRS Bookmark Map SelectionBookmark If GPS lsOpen Then objRS Fields N LAT DD Value GPS Latitude strNorthLat GP S Latitude 76 objRS Fields W LON DD Value GPS Longitude strWestLong GPS Longitude End If objRS Update Set objRS Nothing Set objLayer Nothing If strS pot N or strHbo N or strBreakout N Then strFileName spb_survey_backup dbf Set objRS Application C reateAppO bject recordset If instr strF leName 20 Then strF ileName LayerPath amp strF ileName End If
3. Spot Information By lt i Heads and Breakouts a 4 Compartment EEG Stand Number Wilderness Wilderness Name x BA Pine J BA Total Spot Found By Priority Estimated Acres Add Survey Modify Survey A Initial Detection Date Survey Type Spot Information E EB Survey Page 2 Com gt Pulp or saw Fresh Attack No Infested Trees No Red Faded Trees 7 No Green Trees No Vacated Trees Comments 4 gt Comments zl Cancel Figure 5 The digital SPBIS survey form pages 1 5 24 25 The SPBIS database is designed to keep a record of all survey information All data are collected into a primary database file DBF table and a backup DBF table which is associated with a shapefile Each field within the form has a column in the DBF table Each column in the DBF table corresponds to a field in the SPBIS database by name The backup DBF table is the record that is uploaded into SPBIS Several fields can be edited Anytime a spot is edited any previous information is overwritten Radio buttons for adding a spot a head or a breakout are located at the top of the first page One of these choices must be made in order for data to be recorded If a choice is not made no data will be recorded SPB Spot Data 1s the heading on the first page The fields on the first page include the region forest district spot number head or breakou
4. Points Nodes a tree location of cities on the world map Single set of x y coordinates No dimensions or direction Lines Arcs streams roads utility lines Linear feature between two points Length and direction from node to node TN Polygons compartments stands lakes Closed region made of lines arcs in sequence f N Perimeter area centroid Raster vs Vector What is a Map Inthe simplest of terms it is an abstract representation of the ON pire nO GNU EONADINEN OUO A D Datums and Projections Mecessary for mapping spatial features and phenomena constitute established standards and procedures for representing the earth 87 88 Datums and Projections Projection ical process of representing locations on the The mathemati curved surfaco ofthe wrth onto aa hee of paper is an accurate representation of the earth s Datums and Projections When using different data piii GIS all the different dat sets 89 Projection Depends on how you project the Earth the shape and locations are changing divides the surface of the REMIS Earth into 6 degree zones Universal Trarsverse Mere UTM System Universal Transverse Mercator UTM used to define horizontal positions world wide VITPUD State Plane Coordinate System divides all US states and territories into over 120 numbered sections referred to as zones Each zone has speci
5. Enabled False If objEF Mode 3 Then objP gOneCtr objP gO neCtr s txtR egion Value 08 s objP gO neCtrls s s txtR egion Enabled False cboF orest Listindex 1 objP gO neCtris cboS pecies Listndex 1 objP gO neCtris txtDistCode Enabled False objP gOneCtrls cboHboName Enabled False objPgThreeCtris cboWild ListIndex 1 objP gThreeCtrls cboWildCode Listlndex 1 objP gF iveCtris cboS urvT ype ListIndex 7 1 i objP gF iveCtris dtpSurvDate Value Now objP gF iveCtrls cboSuggTrtpln Listlndex 1 objP gFiveCtrls cboLogAccess Listlndex 1 objP gS ixCtrls cboP ulpS aw ListIndex 1 objP gS ixC tris cboGreenInf ListIndex 1 Else 61 Dim test objP gO neCtris rdbAddNewS pot Enabled False objP gOneCtrls txtR egion Enabled False objP gOneCtris cboF orest Enabled False objP gO neCtris txtDistCode Enabled False objP gOneCtris cboDistrict Enabled False objP gOneCtris txtS potNum Enabled False objP gOneCtls txtHboName Enabled False objP gO neCtrls cboHboName S etF ocus Call LoadHboList spb survey backup dbf End If End Sub ITI Application Functi ons Sub LoadDependantList strTableName Dim objRS Dim strF ilter Dim cboF ilter Dim objControl If amp strTableName Then Exit Sub End If Set cboFilter ThisEvent Object strF ilter cboF ilter Value Set objRS Application CreateA ppO bject recordset
6. Set objControl objP gOneCtrls cboDistrict If instr strTableName 0 Then strTableName LayerP ath amp strTableName End If On Error Resume Next err clear objRS open strTableName If err number lt gt 0 Then msgbox Cannot open Table amp strTableName Set objR S Nothing Exit Sub End If objControl Addltem objControl Clear objR S MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objRS fields 1 strFilter Then objControl Addltem objR S Fields 2 objRS fields 3 End If 62 objRS MoveNext Wend ObjRS close Set objRS Nothing Set cboFilter Nothing Set objControl Nothing End Sub Sub LoadHboList strTableName Dim objRS Dim strF ilter strR egion strForest strDistrict Dim objControl lf amp strTableName Then Exit Sub End If StrF ilter CInt objP gO neC tris txtS potNum Value strRegion objP gOneCtrls txtR egion Value strF orest objPgOneCtris cboF orest Value strDistrict objP gOneCtris txtDistC ode Value Set objRS Application C reateAppO bject recordset Set objControl objP gOneCtris cboHboName If instr strTableName 0 Then strTableName LayerPath amp strTableName End If On Error Resume Next err clear objRS open strT ableName If err number lt gt 0 Then msgbox Cannot open Table amp strTableName Set objR S Nothing Exit Sub End If objControl Addltem objControl Clear objR S MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objR S Field
7. To back up the main memory 1 On the Windows CE taskbar tap i sat 2 Select Settings Control Panel Back Up Main Memory How do I restore the main memory There is no software control for restoring the main memory To restore the last backup of the main memory hard reset the GeoExplorer CE handheld Hold down the Power button for 15 seconds to turn the GeoExplorer CE handheld off then press the Power button to turn it on again The main memory is cleared and then restored from the backup on the Disk You will lose any unsaved data for example any unsaved changes to documents and any data in the main memory that has changed since the last main memory backup How do I back up the main memory to a desktop computer To back up the main memory to a desktop computer l Connect the GeoExplorer CE handheld to the desktop computer using ActiveSync N In ActiveSync select Tools Backup Restore w Select the Full backup option 4 Click Back Up Now Un Wait while the contents of the main memory are backed up to the desktop computer Do not use or disconnect the GeoExplorer CE handheld during the backup Note Afier performing an initial full backup vou can save time by selecting the Incremental backup option This option only backs up information that has changed since the last backup Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and Geo
8. objP gOneCtrls txtDistC ode Value And objRS Fields 8 Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value Then End If objRS MoveNext Wend strSpotFlagTemp objRS Fields 65 Value strHboFlagTemp objRS Fields 67 Value strNorthLat objRS Fields N LAT DD Value strWestLong objRS Fields W_ LON _DD Value MsgBox Blah MsgBox strS potF lagT emp If objRS Fields 69 Value B Then objR S Fields 23 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboS urvType Value objRS Fie uM Value objP gFiveCtrls dtpS urvDate Value objRS Fields 25 Value objP gFiveCtrls dtpGrdChkDate Value objRS Fields 26 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboS uggTrtP In Value ObjRS Fields 27 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboF IgClr Value ObjRS Fields 28 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboLogAccess Value ObjRS Fields 29 Value objP gSixCtrls cboP ulpSaw Value ObjRS Fields 30 Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value objR S Fields 31 Value objP gS ixC tris txtInfTrees Value objRS Fields 32 Value objP gSixCtris txtNumF ading Value ObjR S Fields 33 Value objP gS ixC tris txtNumG reen Value ObjRS Fields 34 Value objP gS ixCtris txtNumVac Value objRS Fields N LAT DD Value strNorthLat objRS Fields W LON DD Value strWestLong objRS Fields S PHEROID Value WGS84 ObjRS Fields 38 Value objP gSevenCtrls txtC omments 3 Value ObjRS Fields 69 Value 2 N strSurvEntered yes End If If strSurvEntere
9. parent of each record can be tracked The CN for a specific record is required if any modifications are to be made The CN allows the database to search for the parent record and add newly collected data or overwrite existing data The mobile unit is linked to the SPBIS via a Universal Service Bus USB connection Once the unit and the database are in sync data is automatically extracted from the mobile unit and stored in the database Figure 6 shows the initial graphical user 29 interface GUI and subsequent screen prompts as they will appear on a desktop computer SPBIS 5 0 Figure 6 The SPBIS User interface with the screen prompts for uploading data from the mobile unit Screen shots courtesy of Anthony Courter FHTET Ft Collins CO 30 Technological Components of the SPBIS Mobile Mapping System Trimble amp GeoXT M The hand held mobile device being used for this project is the Trimble amp GeoXT The unit is advertised as providing sub meter accuracy required for professional GPS GIS data collection and data maintenance and EVEREST multipath rejection technology for tough GPS environments which will be discussed in detail in Chapter IV This device is ideal for working under forest canopy in urban canyons or anywhere you need high accuracy data collection and maintenance Trimble Customer FAQ 2004 The units being employed by this project utilize the Windows CE 4 2 operating system This operati
10. M N A Azaruddin W Y W Zahiri and H K Aziz 2001 Geographical information and global positioning system for urban tree mapping and management in Malaysia Intl Conf On Forestry and Forest Products Research CFFPR 2001 405 410 Bettinger P and J Sessions 2003 Spatial forest planning to adopt or not to adopt Journal of Forestry 101 2 24 29 Clarke S and R Billings 2003 Analysis of the southern pine beetle suppression program on the national forests in Texas in the 1990s So J of App For 27 2 122 129 ESRIG ArcIMS Product Brochure 2005 Available online at http www esri com library brochures pdfs arcims bro pdf Accessed January 8 2005 ESRIG ArcPad White Paper 2004 Available online at http www esri com library whitepapers pdfs arcpad pdf Accessed October 12 2004 Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team 2002 The southern pine beetle information system version 3 0 installation instructions Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Fort Collins CO Harrington A and G Lauer 2004 Mobile GIS using your enterprise GIS in the field Available online at http www gisdevelopment net technology mobilemapping techmp007pf htm Accessed on September 9 2004 Kennedy K H 2001 ESRI press dictionary of GIS terminology ESRI Press Redlands CA Microsoft Corporation 2004 VBScript user s guide Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA Mundel M E 1947 Systematic motion and time study
11. e hydrants shp parcels shp Subdivisions shp the hydrant layer available for editing Tap the Layers button m Vv Vv Vv In the Layers dialog check the editing box for the hydrants layer Close the Layers dialog Step 9 Add the hydrant In most cases capturing a hydrant with ArcPad would occur in the field with GPS In this exercise you will add the hydrant by tapping its approximate location in the display On the Edit Drawing toolbar tap the Point button Tap the southwest corner of the parcel at the of 168 38ft 336 76ft 1 2020 1686306 8 296448 6 ft U 1 2020 location shown below ArcPad MZ 111 The Feature Properties dialog appears once you ve added the hydrant This dialog is used to assign attributes to a feature It can also be used to edit the geometry of a feature by allowing you to explicitly define the coordinate values of a feature s vertexes or a point Within the Feature Properties dialog tap to the immediate right of the field type icon abe to bring up the text cursor If it does not activate on the first try try again Enter 14 for the Hydrant_ID and then tap OK Step 10 Reset the display Before you begin adding the streets you ll turn Layers off the hydrants layer and change some of the Slite 181 2 dissi E 49cPsTrackdog isplay properties FE Map Grid e hydrants shp Iv Tap the Zoom to Full Extent button d Bilercsi
12. enabled Realtime corrections are transmitted to the hand held unit from a ground based GPS receiver The corrections from the ground based unit are applied to each position as it is recorded Trimble Customer FAQ 2004 WAAS operates in a similar fashion It is a system of satellites and 25 ground stations that were originally developed by the Federal Aviation Administration FAA to provide differential position correction for aircraft Both of these systems can be used to gain better position accuracy The GeoXT is also equipped with EVEREST multipath rejection technology Multipath occurs when a GPS signal is reflected off of an object before being recorded by the GPS receiver This technology is designed to reject the random errors caused by multipath Trimble Customer FAQ 2004 While most multipath errors are rejected by the EVEREST system some are missed introducing a slight degree of error 52 The Trimble GeoXT is advertised as having sub meter accuracy This can be achieved under optimal conditions such as clear skies relatively few obstructions and favorable satellite geometry However optimal conditions are rarely available It is often necessary to conduct surveys under overcast skies in dense stands and at times when fewer satellites are overhead Each of these factors has an effect on the accuracy of the collected data The manufacturer Trimble has tested the GeoXT M for accuracy It can be assumed that the
13. objRS Open strFileName 2 If err number lt gt 0 Then msgbox Cannot open Table amp strFileName Set objRS Nothing Exit Sub End If objRS MoveLast objRS Fields N LAT DD Value strNorthLat objRS Fields W LON DD Value strWestLong objRS Update objRS Close End If Set objRS Nothing End Sub Sub GPS Activate Dim strinput If Not GPS IsOpen Then strinput MsgBox Would you like to activate the GP S 4 If strinput vbY es Then Applicaton GPS Open End If Sub FreeMemory objP gOneCtrls cboForest Clear objP gOneCtris cboDistrict Clear Set objPgSevenCtrls Nothing Set objPgSixCtrs Nothing Set objPgFiveCtrls Nothing Set objPgThreeCtrls Nothing Set objPgOneCtrls Nothing strForestCode strNorthLat 0 strWestLong 0 strSpot strHbo strBreakout strSurvey strS potFlagTemp strHboFlagTemp strFlag End Sub Pad pdate Routine Sub UpdateS potF lag strF lag strS pot strFlag objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value 1 objPgO neCtris txtP arentHbo Value Master End Sub Sub UpdateHeadF lag strF lag strHbo strFlag objPgOneCtrls cboHboName Listlndex 1 objP gOneCtrls cboHboName Enabled False objP gO neCtrls txtHboName Enabled True End Sub Sub UpdateBreakoutF lag strF lag strBreakout strFlag objP gO neCtrls cboHboName Listlndex 1 objPgOneCtrls cboHboName E nabled False objP gO neCtrls txtHboName Enabled True End
14. AIl rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo and Trimble are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer are a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 1 of 1 151 References Introduction to GIS Lecture GEOG 255 Lecture note from University of Waterloo http www watleo uwaterloo ca piwowar geog255 Geog255 html Introduction to ArcPad Lecture and Exercise ESRI Virtual Campus http campus esri com GeoXT Fact Sheets Trimble Navigation Ltd Sunnyvale CA 2004 GeoXT Frequently Asked Questions http www trimble com geoxt_ts asp Nav Collection 22389 Got a question Please do not hesitate to contact us Dr Maria Tchackerian 979 845 9735 mtchakerian tamu edu Saul Petty 318 473 7062 spetty fs fed us Knowledge Engineering Laboratory 408 Heep Center Department of Entomology Texas A amp M University College Station TX 77843 USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection 2500 Shreveport Highway Pineville LA 71360 152 APPENDIX D PAPER SPBIS DATA COLLECTION FORM 153 The following is the paper SPBIS data collection form Each X represents an essential field for initial data collection These fields are represented in the
15. Add GPS Vertices Continuously icon to start When the entire spot has been traversed and you have returned to the starting point tap the Add GPS Vertices Continuously icon once again to stop additional vertices from being added Tap the last vertex and hold the stylus down A menu will appear Chose the Finish Sketch option The polygon is now complete Tap the Save icon to ensure no data is lost Once the sketch has been finished an attribute table will appear Click the Geography tab to view the coordinates for each point taken by the GPS and the area in square feet or acres depending on spot size Make sure the display units are Statue or US units This can be set under ArcPad Options Display SPBIS requires the area estimates in acreage The unit will not output acreage if the spot is less than 1 acre This is a slight inconvenience but the square footage value can be converted to acreage using the unit calculator It is accessed by clicking the Start Menu Programs Accessories and Calculator The conversion equation is Sq ft value 43 560 Acreage 122 polygon Tap the Save icon Feature Properties x Attributes Geography P X ly z M n 0 o0 312455 7876 214683 9944 0 312450 5532 214695 2719 0 p 31244787493 214697 1424 e n l 71370447 ANAAL 98 400 CANN 4 gt Length 771 833 ft Area 19733 878 fe Attribute table cont
16. ESRI What can you do with ArcPad ArcPad enables you to get you out of the office _ ew Take inventory Update data Monitor change Track events Navigate to a location What data formats does ArcPad support Copyright 2002 ESRI How do you get data into ArcPad Prepare data with ArcGIS or ArcView 3 x Transfer to mobile device Microsoft Active Sync ArcIMS services Perform field work with ArcPad Transfer from mobile device Es a GIS Database Copyright 2002 ESR 96 97 Topic Review What is ArcPad ArcPad integrates technologies gt What can you do with ArcPad gt What data formats does ArcPad support How do you get data into ArcPad Copyright 2002 ESRI Working with layers Layers dialog Toggle visibility identification editing Arrange drawing order Manage and access projection information Access layer properties aS MGS Tredicg Access projection and EMs datum Information Blbdes dc Breck ants sto Layer properties pur TANG areciplhoto sid Layer drawing order Remove layer Copyngnt 2002 ESRI 98 Map and layer projections Default is latitude longitude WGS84 Reads prj files Map adopts layer s projection Access projection and datum information On the fly projection of GPS input Copyright 2002 ESRI Map and layer projections Default is latitude longitude WGS84 Reads pr
17. GeoExplorer CE series Which operating system does the GeoExplorer CE use The operating system that the GeoExplorer CE series uses is either Windows CE 3 0 or CE NET 4 20 There have been several releases of different operating systems and the revision numbers reflect which release js installed Windows CE 3 0 versions of the GeoExplorer CE had revision numbers ranging from 1 04 to 1 10 From October 2003 the GeoExplorer CE series began shipping with the CE NET operating system to utilize support for Bluctooth wireless technology and other improvements available with CE NET The initial CE NET version revision number is 2 00 Which operating system does the Trimble Recon handheld use The operating system that the Trimble Recon handheld uses is either CE NET 4 10 oc Windows Mobile 2603 Pocket PC There have been several revisions of the CE NET operating system and the revision numbers reflect which release is installed The Trimble Recon handheld with CE NET had revision numbers 4 1 4 and 4 1 6 From November 2003 the Trimble Recon handheld began shipping with Windows Mobile 2003 software for Pocket PC to utilize the synchronization capabilities and other improvements available with Pocket PC Cappight Qucestber 2003 Trimble Navigation Lienited Al rights reserved Tambi the Goba amp Triangle loge and GecExolorer are Ys ares of Temble Navigation Leid neqgrsbensd in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office and over courtes T
18. Prentice Hall New York NY NAVSTAR Global Positioning System Joint Program Office 2003 Control Segment Program Office Available online at http gps losangeles af mil control Accessed January 8 2005 Payne T L 1980 Life history and habits pp 7 28 n R C Thatcher J L Searcy J E Coster and G D Hertel eds The Southern Pine Beetle USDA Forest Service Technical Bulletin 1631 58 Price T S C Doggett J M Pye and T P Holmes 1992 A history of southern pine beetle outbreaks in the southeastern United States The Georgia Forestry Commission Macon GA Rasher M 2001 The use of GPS and mobile mapping for decision based precision agriculture Available online at http www gisdevelopment net application agriculture overview agrio001 I pf htm Accessed on September 9 2004 Srinivasan R 2003 FRSC 651 Geographic information systems for resource Management Lecture notes Fall 2003 Department of Forest Science Texas A amp M University College Station TX Trimble Navigation Ltd 2004 GeoExplorer CE series getting started guide Trimble Navigation Ltd O Sunnyvale CA Trimble Navigation Ltd 2004 GeoXT frequently asked questions Trimble Navigation Ltd O Sunnyvale CA Trimble Navigation Ltd 2004 GeoXT product datasheet and specifications Trimble Navigation Ltd O Sunnyvale CA USDA Forest Service 2004 Forest insect and disease conditions in the United States 2004 For
19. Protection for pest surveying This tool allows surveyors to have a digital representation of the area they are flying and to mark problem spots directly on the digital map There is a set of GPS coordinates associated with each spot marked on the map The coordinates will be entered into the GeoXT handheld device and used to navigate to each spot Another issue to consider when using the navigation feature on the Trimble unit is the projection Shapefiles are commonly used as layers in a base map package In order 44 for various shapefiles to be displayed simultaneously they must have the same geographic projection A projection is defined as a method by which the curved surface of the earth is portrayed on a flat surface Kennedy 2001 All files with the same projection are displayed at a scale relative to each other Therefore if a water feature shapefile is displayed over a compartment shapefile the water features will appear at a realistic scale based on the given projection This is important for data collection as well As mentioned before the SPBIS survey form has an associated point shapefile that is created with each new survey This file must also be projected the same as other layers of the base map This ensures that the data are collected and displayed in a realistic manner In order to use other data types such as DOQQs all files must be projected alike It is possible to display shapefiles and raster data simultaneously
20. The digital system utilizes the weatherproof Trimble GeoXT mobile device for data collection The device stores all records in a location designated by the user and can only be lost if not saved to the system disk The mobile device can be added to a user s field gear as easily as a hard hat Infestation Acreage Estimated versus GPS Each year thousands of acres of pine forest across the southern United States are destroyed by southern pine beetle Many of the infested acres occur on national forest land Each ranger district is responsible for identifying infestations and implementing measures to control them In recent years however there has been a significant reduction in SPB populations in the majority of southern states In 2003 the estimated mortality due to SPB was 2 403 000 acres While this is still a significant damage area the total was down from13 455 900 acres in 2002 USDA Forest Service 2004 Figure 8 illustrates the trend of beetle infested acres 1979 through 2003 Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks 1979 2003 Millions of Acres Figure 8 Southwide trend of acreage infested by SPB from 1979 through 2003 42 This trend continued in 2004 with populations declining dramatically from those of 2003 throughout the South Only South Carolina Tennessee Alabama and Mississippi reported substantial activity and most of that dropped sharply as late summer approached Elsewhere southern pine beetle populatio
21. This problem will be addressed in the User s Guide and file navigation will be incorporated into several practice exercises conducted during the training course Each data layer has several files associated with it that ensures that they function properly within a GIS There is a core group of required files and several other secondary files that may be associated with a single layer Shapefiles are actually a collection of at least four other file types The four essential files that make up a shapefile are a spatial data format file an index look up file a spatial index file and a projection file Every shapefile must have these files or it will not function properly in a GIS A shapefile might also be associated with a variety of other files that have a specific function A shapefile attribute table file and a DBF file both serve as information storage files One file essential to the use of a data layer in ArcPad is an application library file This file is required to enable the edit option of a data layer A data layer must be able to be edited in order to add waypoints to change the appearance and to add data such as points created when a SPB survey is added to a map Another file that is created when a map is created in a desktop GIS environment and exported to ArcPad is the ArcPad map file This file can be created in two ways The most obvious way is when a map project that is built in ArcPad is saved as a whole in ArcPad The second
22. data entry is not only attainable but is one of the primary objectives of this thesis project The ability to upload data directly from the mobile device into the database will eliminate the backlog of datasheets and transform the SPBIS database into a useful tool for making management decisions Mobile Devices In the past hand held mobile devices have had several drawbacks that made them unavailable for many applications The foremost drawback was the price of these units Many potential users simply could not afford to purchase these devices The software used by these early units was often complicated and difficult to learn Early software packages were also vendor specific which meant they could not be used with any other technology for other applications Early mobile devices often had very slow processors which made data manipulation and processing very difficult Wadhwani 2004 Other drawbacks included small displays inadequate battery life and awkward bulky construction Developers of the new generation of hand held mobile devices have sought to remedy the problems of the old devices In most respects they have succeeded The new devices range in price from 300 6000 Wadhwani 2004 Familiar names such as Windows and Palm have developed operating systems that run on these units making use of these devices much easier than before The newer units have faster processors longer battery life larger displays with improved color a
23. drawing power Whenever GPS data is not required use the application s Disconnect or Deactivate GPS option Exiting the application also disconnects from the integrated GPS receiver Tip Do not disconnect from GPS if you will be reconnecting within about five minutes Your application can take up to 30 seconds to reactivate the integrated GPS receiver so disconnecting to save power can cost time Do not use the backlight To turn the backlight off press the Display button You can also configure the backlight to automatically turn off if the GeoExplorer CE handheld has been idle for a specified time For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide Setthe GeoExplorer CE handheld to go into Suspend mode when idle For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide How can extend the life of the internal battery If you are not going to use your GeoExplorer CE handheld for three months or more Trimble recommends that you turn the handheld off instead of leaving it in Suspend mode For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide Alternatively you can keep the GeoExplorer CE handheld connected to mains power to continually charge it Fully charging and then fully discharging will extend the life of the battery Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and GeoXT are tradema
24. hard re boot is required To perform a soft re boot the power button is held down for 5 seconds Holding the power button down for 15 seconds results in a hard re boot An additional problem discovered when the unit was re booted was the loss of data When the unit was restarted all data that was not saved to the system disk was erased To remedy this problem all data must be saved in the disk folder on the unit It is also advisable to have a backup copy of base maps and any other required data on a lap top computer so it can be reloaded One of the major limitations to using GPS is the signal availability As mentioned in Chapter 1 a 24 satellite constellation makes up the global positioning system These satellites are each in a unique orbital pattern which means they are constantly changing position throughout the day This constant position change causes fluctuations in signal availability Due to signal availability variations on a daily basis many GPS users consult the almanac available on the unit to determine the best time to obtain a signal The almanac shows the user the times of peak signal availability The GPS receiver within ArcPad has a feature called Satellite Skyplot This feature displays all satellites overhead at a given time The various satellites are delineated by color based on their current operational status Satellites displayed in black are available and being used to determine a position Satellites displayed in blue in
25. in SPBIS include national forest district spot number detection date ground check date number of infested trees acres affected and suppression date among others Each spot is assigned a primary treatment cut and remove cut and leave cut and hand spray pile and burn inactive or monitor This primary treatment can be changed when the database is updated based on subsequent management of the spot Most monitored spots are subsequently reclassified as inactive because they typically contain very few or no freshly attacked trees at the initial ground check Saw timber and pulpwood volumes are included for spots treated by cut and remove Numbers of trees treated are recorded for cut and leave and cut and hand spray treatments Treatment breakouts missed infested trees were tracked by adding a letter to the end of the spot number starting with A Clarke and Billings 2003 Since its initiation SPBIS has been plagued with problems The database has evolved continuously since the 1970s but documentation of the code for ORACLE amp 9 based version is not available The code for the SPBIS database is of significant 20 complexity and without documentation of the structure it becomes extremely difficult to manipulate SPBIS has several problems that need correction These problems coupled with the lack of knowledge of the code structure led to a period of time in which few changes were made to the database This lack of improvement le
26. obj objR S F objRS F obj obj obj RS F RS F RS Fi D DDD oDp ODopio i c oocouo o strS potFlagTemp objRS Fields 65 Value strNorthLat objRS Fields N_LAT_DD Value strWestLong objRS Fields W_LON_DD Value End If jRS MoveNext jRS MoveLast jRS AddNew jRS Fi jRS Fi jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F jRS F obj obj elds 1 Value intMax ds 2 Value objPgOneCtr Value objP gOneCtr s txtS potNum Value 3 B 4 Value objP gOneCtrls 5 B S txtR egion Value cboF orest Value Value objP gOneC tris txtDistC ode Value Value objP gOneCtrls cboS pecies Value Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value Value objP gO neC tris txtP arentHbo Value Value objP gThreeCtris txtComp Value Value objP gThreeCtris txtSt Value Value objP gThreeCtrls txtE stimatedAcres Value Value objP gThreeCtrls cboP riority Value Value objP gThreeC tris txtP BA Value s si Value objP gThreeCtrls txtTBA Value Value objP gThreeCtrls cboWild Value elds 19 Value objP gThreeC tris cboWildC ode Value ields 20 Value objPgThreeCtrls txtW ildName Value ields 21 Value objP gThreeCtris txtS potF ndBy Value ields N_LAT_DD Value strNorthLat ields W_LON_DD Value strWestLong ields SPHEROID Value WGS84 RS Fi elds 65 Value strS potF lagTe
27. parcels layer and the EjMapaGrid jg RES Iv jhydrants shp parcels layer draws on top of the subdivisions 7 REGES layer Iv amp subdivisions shp Tap the Layers button g E x In the Layers dialog highlight the hydrants layer On the right side of the layers dialog tap the up arrow to move the hydrants layer above both the subdivisions and parcels layers Use the same method to place parcels above Subdivisions Step 4 Change the hydrant symbols The drawing order is appropriate for your needs Color Designer xi but the symbology of your data does not let you Red Green Blue Values Color see all three layers at once To clear things up you will change the symbology of the layers Tap the Layers button Highlight the hydrants layer then tap the Layer Properties button In the Layer Properties dialog tap the Point Style tab Make sure the Fill Points box is checked then tap the Fill Color symbol In the Color Designer tap a dark red color from the color palette 108 In ArcPad Version 6 0 the color you chose is copied to the new color chip that is located in the upper right corner of the Color Designer In Version 6 0 1 the new color is displayed as the background color in the OK button the old color is displayed as background color in the Cancel button Layer Properties x f Information Q Labels Point Style Hyper 4 gt Tap the New color chip to confirm your choice E Infomat
28. problems with the current data collection system is data entry Manually entering data into the database is time consuming and impractical at the degree required during SPB epidemics 28 In order to streamline the data collection process an application for uploading data directly from a mobile device was developed The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team FHTET in Fort Collins CO and Forest Health Protection in Pineville LA in conjunction with the Knowledge Engineering Laboratory at Texas A amp M University developed an interface between the SPBIS Oracle tables and the backup database file DBF table associated with the digital SPBIS data form This application was created in Visual Basic 6 0 and is embedded in SPBIS Version 5 0 The code for this application is contained in Appendix B The complex structure of the SPBIS database did not lend itself to the development of a simple data upload interface Fields within the database are interconnected with one another Therefore fields within the DBF table of the data form must be connected to a corresponding field within SPBIS in order to have successful routing of data The upload application reads data from each record on the mobile device in DBF form and writes them to five individual SQL statements that insert the data into the ORACLE tables After data has been uploaded the ORACLE tables are queried to determine what control number CN Oracle has assigned each record so the origin or
29. provides goals and objectives and a description of the project Chapter II provides background information for each component of this project Chapter III details the methods and materials used to achieve each objective Chapter IV provides all measured results Chapter V provides discussion of each objective Chapter VI provides conclusions and potential future applications Appendices to this thesis will include a hard copy of the VB Script code for the SPBIS data form the VB Script code for the SPBIS data upload application and a SPBIS Data Collection User s Manual See Figure 1 for a complete thesis outline Technologies Involved in Mobile Mapping and Automated Data Collection Mobile Mapping Mobile mapping can be defined as the ability to collect field data with unique geospatial time tags and attributes for integrating into or updating a GIS Rasher 2001 Mobile mapping allows for the collection of a variety of data types at any time and place The differences between mobile mapping and automated data collection are subtle Automated data collection can be done from a stationary position while the term mobile implies that data is collected on the move Mobile mapping systems are designed to facilitate automated data collection in the field Mobile mapping was initially developed by NASA s Center for Mapping and the University of Calgary Canada Gajdamowicz as in Xiao and Zhang 2002 Three major components comprise a mobile mapping syste
30. than optimum conditions 39 CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION Goals and Objectives The specific objectives of this project are to 1 develop a digital version of the Southern Pine Beetle Information System SPBIS field data collection form ii develop an interface between the SPBIS database the TrimbleO GeoXT mobile unit to facilitate seamless data upload iii conduct comprehensive field testing of the TrimbleO GeoXT mobile unit and the digital form iv develop a SPBIS mobile mapping training manual for USDA Forest Service personnel at the Ranger District level and v streamline SPBIS data collection and entry process in order to make real time data available for operational purposes Purpose The main purpose of this project is to improve the SPBIS database to aid in management of SPB infestations to reduce losses to harvest timber killed by SPB while it still has value and to prevent additional infestations from becoming established Current problems with the SPBIS data entry and collection process have prevented the database from being a useful tool Negligent data entry practice is the primary problem The new data collection system developed with this project will correct many of the current problems and aid in developing SPBIS into a useful tool for operational resource management decision making This thesis follows the style of Environmental Entomology Approach This thesis is organized into six chapters Chapter I
31. to 122 F It is dustproof shock and vibration resistant and will endure wind driven rain The rating is IP 55 the same as the GeoExplorer 3 handheld and the GPS Pathfinder Pocket receiver What display does the GeoExplorer CE handheld have The GeoExplorer CE handheld has a 4 VGA full color outdoor display for visibility in direct sunlight and overcast conditions The screen s high resolution allows background GIS data and imagery to be clearly displayed The display is backlit so you can use it at night Although a stylus is provided with the handheld the touch screen does not require a special stylus to operate Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXT GeoXM GPSoorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 3 of 5 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 133 GeoExplorer CE Series gust 1 2002 ETI IUE ACIE How does temperature affect the GeoExplore
32. utility of the navigation features on the Trimble GeoXT The initial GPS coordinates were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet saved as a DBF file and imported into ArcView desktop GIS software and converted into a point shapefile This shapefile was added as a layer to the base map package Using the point shapefile a district roads shapefile and the GPS receiver activated we were able to navigate to SPB spots Accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT GPS Receiver A small scale accuracy test was preformed to determine the accuracy of the GeoXT under less than optimal conditions Two tenth acre 4 356 ft plots were traversed 30 times each using the GeoXTTM Both plots were 66 x 66 foot squares They were measured by hand using a logger s tape Transects were measured to ensure accuracy of the area Plot 1 was set up in an open field with no land based obstructions to skew the GPS signal Plot 2 was set up in a post oak stand with a basal area of approximately 70 ft and an average height of 35 feet GPS signal received while measuring this plot were subject to substantially more obstructions than with Plot 1 The plot measurements were taken on January 28 and 29 2005 The weather for both days 36 included overcast skies high relative humidity and an average temperature of 55 F The satellite geometry was adequate for receiving a GPS position fix 37 CHAPTER IV RESULTS Time Study Paper versus Digital The data
33. will default to the most recently created shapefile but if several are created at one time check to make sure the spot being traversed is open for editing Mark a location in the field on the perimeter of the spot to begin traversing Use flagging tape to make sure you can return to your starting point It is best to walk the spot before creating the shapefile to ensure that all infested trees are included in the area When a starting point has been determined activate the GPS if it is not already Use the zoom in tool to reduce the map scale to a level at which the spot polygon can be seen Tap the black arrow next to the Feature Type icon Choose polygon When the GPS is activated the Add GPS Vertices Continuously icon will also be activated When you are ready to being traversing tap the icon once The icon will remain depressed until tapped again Begin walking the perimeter of the spot It is important to keep moving as a new vertex is added whether you are moving or not Stopping can skew the polygon If you need to stop tap the Add GPS Vertices Continuously icon again to pause When you are ready to continue tap the icon again 121 Layers icon Edit option activated ZoonrIn Tool amp Untitled ArcPad E Aozi e Ht S Q lale 0 450 Choose Polygon from the Feature Type drop down menu Tap
34. your mouse will have the same affect as tapping the display on a mobile device Estimated time to complete 25 minutes Step 1 Open ArcPad and add layers Open ArcPad if Path C iTempimobile mapping a u C Temp mobile_mapping E hydrants shp parcels shp Mg subdivisions shp e Lise MyData necessary Tap the Add Layer button In the Add Layer s dialog tap the Directory Browser button In the Directory Browser dialog tap your mobile mapping ca folder e g C VTempWnobile mapping then tap OK Tap the boxes next to hydrants parcels and subdivisions PIED as COEPI HOD NS The scale bar in your map is using metric units but AB Ales SZ Location 89 Display A Fonts Cj al gt C Metri the map units of your data use feet You will use the Display Units ae US Units C Nauti Properties dialog in ArcPad to make your scale bar eae ee snot tone and map units match Background Highlight 3 Pixels From the Main toolbar tap the Tools button Ly Pen Tolerance 5 Pixels In the top right corner of the ArcPad Options dialog Cancel 107 use the right facing arrow to scroll through the options until you see the Display tab Tap the Display tab For Display Units tap the Statute US Units option Step 3 Change the layers drawing order To make the data easier to work with you will 3 change its drawing order so the hydrant layer 1 Aasna draws on top of the
35. 117 information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Special Management Consideration Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Species Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Survey Type Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Treatment Plan Code information for use in ArcPad Wilderness codes dbf Dbase file containing Wilderness Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing yes and no values for use in ArcPad Smc_code dbf Species dbf Surv_type dbf Trt_plan dbf Yes_no dbf Note All GIS files including spb_survey shp files should be in the same geographic projection before files are checked out into ArcPad Also make sure that spb_survey shp has been added to the map document and is part of the check out bundle before packaging the files 118 SPBIS Data Collection Forms This exercise is an introduction to using the Trimble GeoXT with custom ArcPad forms for data collection After this exercise you should be able to e Open and load an existing ArcPad Application e Activate the in built GPS unit from ArcPad e Load and populate an ArcPad data collection form Capture corresponding GPS points for the data e Save and close the application Step 1 Open and load and existing ArcPad application eon the Trimble GeoXT by pressing once e large gray power button at the bottom Opening an existin
36. 19 Activating the in built GPS unit D TDA_Project Data For aaj xi S Ht G H 2 B Q O aa8 Jh re eE ArcPad 599 0 33 N 360 16 16 E V 7 Tap on the black arrow next to the GPS icon to view the drop down menu and GPS options Step 2 Traversing a Spot to Determine Area A new polygon shapefile is created for each spot to determine the area e Tap the black arrow next to the File icon choose the New Layer option e From the Type dropdown menu choose Polygon and tap the plus sign in the lower left hand corner e When a polygon has been added a Field window will appear Give the spot a unique identification in the Name field and click OK e The New Shapefile window will appear Check to make sure the type is correct and tap OR e You will be prompted to save the new shapefile Save the file in the same folder as your base map for easy access 120 pus Oum CEDE cE ieee t File icon New Shapefile EO i Eal Type Point CP 1252 Point F TA Poly gon Add a polygon Name Text Length C Numeric Precision Date TrueJFalse Give the polygon a unique name New Shapefile Polygon M Make sure the correct type is chose After your shapefile has been saved tap the Layers icon to activate the layer control window The system
37. 1of3 CY lt ae ud du e V i Trimble Treth hoegen mtes heaping k Ok abri Arra 740 Cwreh Pare Ove fum 180 seeman CO MIS ue wren rmbt come 128 Microsoft Windows CE Operating System FAQ r 4 2003 Dec ping amp GIS Pocket PC devices do not all use the same Pocket PC operating system OEMs Original Equipment Manufacturers who build these devices make custom versions of the Pocket PC operating system to add features specific to their devices while still meeting the Microsoft specifications for the platform and maintaining a standard user interface Thus a Pocket PC device from one OEM might include different applications or device drivers than Pocket FC device from another OEM What is HPC 2000 HPC 2000 software is a custom version of Windows CE 3 0 bundled by Microsoft for manufacturers that do not meet the hardware specifications required for Pocket PC HPC 2000 has components that are not available on Pocket PC and some components in Pocket PC are not available in the HPC 2000 software OEMs who use HPC 20400 software make custom versions of the operating system to add features specific to their devices There is no concept of the HPC 2000 platform with CE NET devices though applications that have been compiled for HPC 2000 may run on CE NET operating systems subject to a compatible installation Trimble is no longer developing HPC 204080 operating systems for the GIS TSCe or
38. 2 In the Protocol field select NMEA 0183 3 Select the GPS tab and from the Port field select COM2 4 Tap OK 5 Tap the GPS button The software activates the integrated GPS receiver Tip ArcPad can also connect using the TSIP protocol However if you use NMEA vou can run GPS Controller at the same time for advanced GPS and real time configuration and status information You do not need to set the baud rate or other communication protocols How do configure ArcPad with the GPScorrect extension to work on the GeoExplorer CE handheld GPScorrect is preconfigured to connect to the GeoExplorer CE handheld s integrated GPS receiver To use ArcPad with the GPScorrect extension on the GeoExplorer CE handheld l In ArcPad tap the GPS button The software activates the integrated GPS receiver on COM3 2 If you want to configure GPS and real time or view status information run GPScorrect In the Trimble toolbar tap the GPScorrect button How do I configure TerraSync to work on the GeoExplorer CE handheld TerraSync is preconfigured to connect to the GeoExplorer CE handheld s integrated GPS receiver To run TerraSync tap the F1 GPS touch button The software automatically activates the integrated GPS receiver on COM3 Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Tri
39. 3 Microsoft ActiveSync 5 xl File View Tools Help m ci e o a Sync Stop Details Explore Options Guest Connected Information Type Status Double click the Mobile Device icon Double click the Disk icon Double click the My Documents icon Minimize the My Documents folder Navigate to your base map folder on your desktop PC Minimize the window Drag the desired folder into the My Documents window You may also right click on the folder chose copy and paste the data into the My Documents folder Your data is now on the mobile unit 116 L2 My Computer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back GQsearch GyroWders C My Address ja My Computer 25 31 Floppy amp 9Local Disk C amp 3Local Disk D Removable Disk E 9 Compact Disc F Select an item to view its description Control Panel Mobile Device My Computer Displays the files and Folders on your computer E Mobile Device File Edit View Favorites Tools Help HBack gt i search Gyrolders 4 A Address Mobile Device RN Cj Application Data 1 i L3 My Documents Mobile Device Ca Network Program Files Select an item to view its description C Windows al Control Panel File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back GQsearch Gyrolders c4 amp Address E Disk Program Files System Select an item to view its descrip
40. 4 80 FRESH ATT NUM GR TR NUM INF TR NUM RF TR 4 NUM VAC TR d N LAT DD _ W LON DD A SPHEROID 7 COMM SURV T i ADOC Execute SQL SQL INSERT INTO SPB TREATMENTS HBO CN SALE ID CUTTING UNIT ID PERMIT NUM TREATMENT CODE DATE MARKED DATE SOLD DATE TREATED DATE SUPPRESSED 4 CONTRACTOR ID CALCULATED ACRES NUM TREES TREATED PAINT COLOR SALVAGE VOLUME PULP SALVAGE VOLUME SAW 4 SUPP VOLUME DATE SUPP VOLUME PULP SUPP VOLUME SAW MARKERS oren VALUES amp hboCN SALE ID CUT IB PERMIT NUM P 4 PRIM TRT DATE MARK i ya DATE SOLD DATE TRT DATE SUPP 4 CONTR ID 4 CALC_ACRES pt J NUM TR TRT PNT COLOR i SAL V PULP SAL V SAW SUP V DATE _ SUP V PULP 4_ SUP V SAW 4 MARKERS 4 COMM TRT ADOC Execute SQL SQL z INSERT INTO spb special mgt considerations HBO CN SMC CODE DATES INITIATED DATE CLEARED REVIEWER Approved Comments VALUES a a E SMC CODE DATE INIT gt DATE_CLEAR A TE REVIEWER ve j Approved COMM SMC jy ADOC Execute SQL APPENDIX C SPBIS DATA COLLECTION USERS MANUAL 81 Introduction TABLE OF CONTENTS The SPBIS Data Collection Process Steps in the data collection process e cece scence eee ees Loading data onto the Unit aee iiie Manipulating layers building and editing maps
41. 67 Value N If strSurvey N Then objRS F objRS F objRS F onoooo o a wn Oo D Oo objR S Fields 23 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboS urvType Value objRS Fields 24 Value objP gFiveCtris dtpS urvDate Value objRS Fields 25 Value objP gF iveCtrls dtpG rdC hkDate Value objRS Fields 26 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboS uggTrtP In Value objR S Fields 27 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboFIgCIr Value ObjRS Fields 28 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboLogAccess Value ObjRS Fields 29 Value objP gSixCtrls cboP ulpS aw Value ObjRS Fields 30 Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value objRS Fields 31 Value objP gSixCtrls txtlnfTrees Value objRS Fields 32 Value objP gSixCtrls txtNumF ading Value objR S Fields 33 Value objP gSixCtris txtNumG reen Value ObjRS Fields 34 Value objP gS ixCtrls txtNumVac Value objRS Fields 38 Value objP gS evenC tris txtC omments 3 Value objRS Fields 69 Value N 68 strSurvEntered yes Else objRS Fields 69 Value B End If End If If strSpot lt gt N And strHbo N Then objR S MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If ObjRS Fields 2 Value objP gOneCtris txtS potNum Value And objRS Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboF orest Value And objRS Fields 5 Value objP gOneCtris txtDistC ode Value Then strS potFlagTemp objRS Fields 65 Value strNorthLat obj
42. GeoExplorer CE handheld to the desktop computer using ActiveSync N In ActiveSync click Explore Windows Explorer opens showing the contents of the GeoExplorer CE handheld Browse to the location of the files that you want to back up 4 Select the files that you want to back up and copy them to the desktop computer How do I restore the contents of the Disk from a backup on a desktop computer To restore files to the Disk from a backup on your desktop computer simply connect the GeoExplorer CE handheld to the desktop computer using ActiveSync and copy the files from the backup on the desktop computer to the GeoExplorer CE handheld overwriting the existing files Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and GeoXT are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 3 of 3 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 2642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 uc tmbls com 141 GeoExplorer CE Series 03 ETJ February amp GIS What is the f
43. LOCK Satellite Publication 2004 The BLOCK IIR satellites are the newest generation of satellites utilized by the GPS First launched in January 1997 these satellites have a projected life of 7 8 years They were developed by Lockheed Martin and were designed to provide at least 14 days of operation without contact from the Control Segment and up to 180 days of operation when operating in the autonomous navigation mode USNO BLOCK Satellite Publication 2004 GPS receivers utilize triangulation of satellite navigational signals to obtain a position When GPS was first introduced users were limited to certain windows in which satellite signals could be acquired The increased number of GPS satellites allows users to have an extended period of time in which a signal can be acquired Geographic Information Systems GIS GIS can be defined as an arrangement of computer hardware software and geographic data that people interact with to integrate analyze and visualize data identify relationships patterns and trends and find solutions to problems GIS are designed to capture store update manipulate analyze and display the geographic information Kennedy 2002 GIS is being integrated into a variety of fields and is the preferred method of manipulating and displaying spatial data GIS technology has become more readily available to consumers on both a technical and economical basis GIS technology was developed as its own entity co
44. RS Fields N LAT DD Value strWestLong objRS Fields W_LON_DD Value End If objRS MoveNext Wend objRS MoveLast objRS AddNew objRS Fields 1 objRS Fi objR S F objR S F objR S F objR S F objR S F objR S F objR S F objRS F objRS F objR S F objRS F objR S F Value intMax Value objP gOneCtrls txtS potNum Value Value objP gOneCtris txtR egion Value Value objP gOneCtrls cboForest Value Value objP gOneCtris txtDistC ode Value Value objP gOneCtrls cboS pecies Value Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value Value objP gOneC tris txtP arentHbo Value Value objP gThreeCtris xtComp Value Value objPgThreeCtrls txtS t Value Value objPgThreeCtrls txtE stimatedAcres Value Value objP gThreeCtrls cboP riority Value Value objP gThreeC tris txtP BA Value s s s Value objP gThreeCtrls txtTBA Value objR S F Value objP gThreeC tris cboWild Value ObjRS Fields 19 Value objP gThreeC tris cboWildC ode Value objRS Fields 20 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtW ildName Value objRS Fields 21 Value objP gThreeCtris KtS potF ndB y Value objRS Fields N LAT DD Value strNorthLat objRS Fields W LON DD Value strWestLong objRS Fields 5 P HEROID Value WGS84 objRS Fields 65 Value strS potF lagT emp objRS Fields 67 Value N If strS urvey N Then objR S Fields objRS Fields objRS Fields ObjRS Fiel
45. SCe is radere of Tomiie Navigaton Linted The Bluetooth word mark amd logos me owned by the Bluetooth SIG Inc and ary use of such menos Oy Trimble Novigation L g is under license Recon is a trademark of Tripod Dats Syemms inc sehol oened subedary of Trinble Naxigaben Limited Mircea Windows Mobla and Dudook are sia registered tradens cr vacunas of Microsc Corporation in fe United States andor other countries AJ ofer radernarks ane the property of they respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Tore makes no wartantias expressed or imped n ites docoreent Pwo 20913 i Trimble Iane Meat Lati Magosq amp Ott Darasa Aone NE CJ Fare died Sen tte Votre CO ANC sA ws Y die cans Support AO tenes rete M M M emee EEO SE ETE ST SCORE TTT e 129 Microsoft Windows CE Operating System FAQ December 4 Mapping amp GIS Which operating system does the GIS TSCe use The operating system that the GIS TSCe uses ts ether Windows CE 3 0 or CE NET 4 0 There have been several operating system revisions and the revision numbers reflect which release is installed Windows CE 3 0 versions of the GIS TSCe had revision numbers ranging from 2 5 4 to 2 3 7 From August 2003 the GIS TSCe began shipping with CE NET 4 0 to utilize the improvements available with CE NET What applications will run on the GeoExplorer CE Applications for the GeoExplorer CE Windows CE 3 0 handheld need to
46. Sub Sub UpdateS urveyF lag strF lag strS urvey strF lag End Sub TI APPENDIX B SPBIS DATA UPLOAD APPLICATION CODE 78 79 The following is the code for the upload interface between SPBIS and the mobile device SQL INSERT INTO spb main spots table _ SPOT NUMBER REGION FOREST DISTRICT SPECIES COMMENTS INPUT TYPE VALUES spotNum t 4 region _ Forest t District p Species i commMain _ p jr ADOC Execute SQL SQL INSERT INTO spb heads breakouts SPOT CN HBO NAME PARENT HBO COMPARTMENT STAND USTAND EST ACRES PRIORITY HAZARD RATING 4 BA_PINE BA_TOTAL WILDERNESS WILD_CODE WILDERNESS NAME FOUND BY COMMENTS 4 VALUES spotCN hboName _ Parent HBO comp stand _ ustand _ est Acres H E priority _ Haz ratet BA pine BA total wild _ wild code _ wildName _ found by _ comm HBO ADOC Execute SQL SQL INSERT INTO SPB SURVEYS IHBO CN SURVEY TYPE CODE DATE SURVEYED DATE GROUND CHECKED FLAGGING OE LOGGING ACCESS CODE PULP OR SAW TREATMENT CODE FRESH ATTACK NUM GREEN TREES NUM INFESTED TREES NUM RED FADED TREES NUM _VACATED _TREES N_LAT_DD W_LON_DD SPHEROID Comments _ VALUES hboCN SURV TYPE 2 SURV DATE 4 GR CH DATE 4 4 FLG COLOR LOG CODE PULP SAW TRT CODE 4
47. T o ane side e MR Rd nee 32 Time Study Paper versus Digital 0 eee eee e ee eee 33 Infestation Acreage Estimated versus GPS 34 Navigation Using the Trimble amp GeoXT M 35 Accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT GPS RECEIWOR d m csi a use cuba tete VERRE E PEE RO mumbo ad 35 IV RESUL ES restet en e E N E PU dU NUN RL 37 Time Study Paper versus Digital eese 37 Infestation Acreage Estimated versus GPS 38 Accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT GPS Receiver 38 V DISCUSSION de dread v RV DN WIRDE ER ORSA ED 40 Time Study Paper versus Digital escceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eens 40 Infestation Acreage Estimated versus GPS eee ees 41 Navigation Using the Trimble GeoXT M Lsuuuuuuuuuuss 43 Problems and Solutions monci nena resse boh eronda ud Pe de 45 Accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT GPS Receiver 50 VI CONCLUSIONS ceca Sa ey ated SEVA A tas Ge R PARE ie eas 53 Future Applications cete e RR eR E RENS RS NR EE 53 siu MN PR 55 REFERENCES 245 25 SE arn ARE e SERE ANE EAE AEAEE TA CERRI RRE ONAA 57 APPENDIX A SURVEY FORM CODE IN VB SCRIPT 59 APPENDIX B SPBIS DATA UPLOAD APPLICATION CODE 78 APPENDIX C SPBIS DATA COLLECTION USERS MANUAL 81 APPENDIX D PAPER SPBIS DATA COLLECTION FORM 152 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 Thesis oUtlIne zo de ie vt
48. THE USE OF MOBILE MAPPING TECHNOLOGY TO AUTOMATE SURVEYING AND MONITORING OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE INFESTATIONS A Thesis by SAUL DAVID PETTY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A amp M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 2005 Major Subject Forest Science THE USE OF MOBILE MAPPING TECHNOLOGY TO AUTOMATE SURVEYING AND MONITORING OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE INFESTATIONS A Thesis by SAUL DAVID PETTY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A amp M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by Robert N Coulson C T Smith Co Chair of Committee Co Chair of Committee W Todd Watson Forrest L Oliveria Member Member C T Smith Head of Department May 2005 Major Subject Forest Science iii ABSTRACT The Use of Mobile Mapping Technology to Automate Surveying and Monitoring of Southern Pine Beetle Infestations May 2005 Saul David Petty B S Texas A amp M University Co Chairs of Advisory Committee Dr Robert N Coulson Dr C T Smith The USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection is responsible for maintaining an ORACLE database named the Southern Pine Beetle Information System SPBIS SPBIS was designed to store survey data for Southern Pine Beetle SPB infestations on federal land across the southern United Stat
49. XT are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 2 of 2 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 2642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 mawuttimble com 140 GeoExplorer CE Series February 2003 Mapping amp GIS How do I restore the main memory from a backup on a desktop computer To restore the main memory from a backup on a desktop computer 1 Connect the GeoExplorer CE handheld to the desktop computer using ActiveSync N In ActiveSync select Tools Backup Restore Select the Restore tab 4 Click Restore Now Un Wait while the contents of the main memory are restored from the backup on the desktop computer Do not use or disconnect the GeoExplorer CE handheld during the restore process 6 Perform a hard reset of the GeoExplorer CE handheld Hold down the Power button for 15 seconds to turn the GeoExplorer CE handheld off then press the Power button to turn it on again How do I back up the Disk to a desktop computer To back up files from the GeoExplorer CE handheld s Disk l Connect the
50. a The Disk is a non volatile storage location so files stored on the Disk are much safer than files stored in the main memory To protect your data Trimble recommends that you regularly back up the main memory RAM back up the main memory after installing software install software to the Disk store data on the Disk use ActiveSync to regularly back up the Disk to a desktop computer Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and GeoXT are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 1 of 1 iPTrimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 2642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8040 Fax 1 408 481 7744 saw trimble com 139 GeoExplorer CE Series Is there a size limit for the main memory backup on the GeoExplorer CE handheld Provided there is sufficient space on the Disk you can back up the main memory even when it is full A warning message appears if you try to back up the main memory when there is not enough space on the Disk How do I back up the main memory
51. acreage values to the nearest whole acre Surveyors would often record spot areas in tenths of an acre but the database would round the value up to 1 acre if the spot were greater than half an acre 43 If a spot were recorded as being less than half an acre it would be assigned acreage of zero This procedure of rounding in whole acre increments causes the total infested acreage value to become substantially skewed While this problem has been addressed in the most recent version of SPBIS all the historical records reflect these errors The need for a more accurate method of determining acreage is evident and this mobile mapping system will remedy this problem Navigation Using the Trimble GeoXT One of the most time consuming aspects of ground checking SPB spots is site location The predominant method of locating a SPB spot is known as aerial sketch mapping Traditional aerial sketch mapping requires the surveyor to mark the spot location on a paper map in reference to surrounding geographic features such as roads and waterways If a spot is marked incorrectly from the air it can be very difficult to locate the spot on the ground Increased use of GPS to mark the location of spots from the air has aided in reducing the time required to find spots on the ground The GPS coordinates gathered in the air can be entered into most handheld GPS units for navigation purposes Digital aerial sketch mapping is a new tool being used by Forest Health
52. advertised accuracy can be achieved under optimum conditions It was not the purpose of this project to determine the accuracy of the unit but to test its utility as a survey tool The Trimble GeoXT proved to be sufficient for this application VB Script and Custom Form Development Visual Basic is a programming language developed by Microsoft based on an object oriented form of the BASIC language and intended for application development VBScript is an extension of the Visual Basic language Microsoft VBScript User s Guide 2004 ArcPad Application Builder allows the development of custom applications that match functionality and usability with the skill level and processes of field workers Mobile GIS applications built within Application Builder ensure accurate data collection and streamlined workflow ESRI ArcPad White Paper 2004 53 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS Future Applications As seen with this project and others described within this thesis mobile mapping technology has many potential applications In the field of forest entomology there are an abundance of insect pests that are surveyed and monitored on a continual basis Many of these pests rival the Southern Pine Beetle in terms of time and resources allocated for study One such pest is the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar Linnaeus The gypsy moth is serious pest of hardwood trees in the eastern United States Currently there is a joint effort between Forest Health Protec
53. aining the area 123 Setting display units to Statute US Units 124 Step 4 Load and populate an ArcPad data collection form Capture corresponding GPS points for the data Before loading the forms and creating new point features the correct layer needs to be set to the Edit mode For this exercise we will be adding data and records for the Southern Pine Beetle hence the corresponding layer should be set in the Edit mode e Tap on the Layers icon indicated by the red box to activate the layer control box e Place a check mark on the last box against the layer named spb survey This will make that layer editable e Tap on GPS Point icon to create a point and activate the forms As a new point is being created the data form associated with the form will be displayed e Enter the required values in the fields and tap OK to close the form and save the information Clicking OK will close the form and save the information entered into the dbf table which can be opened in Excel if required e Click on Yes when prompted about entering data into SPBIS All the information entered into the form will be stored as one record linked to the new point that is created The information is stored in the dbf file associated with the point In the application at this a backup dbf file is also created which will contain all the fields required by SPBIS in a format different from the dbf
54. aleable framework for GIS Web Publishing ESRI ArcIMS Brochure 2005 With this software geospatial information can be shared worldwide via the Internet Currently an ArcIMSQ application is being developed by the Knowledge Engineering Laboratory at Texas A amp M University to publish dynamic maps created from data contained in the SPBIS database This application will give USDA Forest Service employees in the Southern Region access to realtime SPB data which can be used to make informed management decisions Summary The intent of this thesis project was to develop an automated data collection process using mobile mapping technology This system will be used to increase the utility of the SPBIS database as a decision making tool The shortcomings of the SPBIS database are discussed in detail throughout this thesis Data entry has always been the crux of the problem With the successful implementation of an automated data collection process and a seamless data upload application data entry will no longer be a problem Training will be a key element in the success of this system The technologies being implemented have a history of not being user friendly It has been a goal of this project from the onset to design a system with the user in mind While some basic knowledge and training are required the implementation of this system at a Ranger District level should go smoothly Within the Forest Health Protection unit of the USDA Forest Serv
55. and feeding on the phloem tissue Eggs are also deposited in the phloem The new generation feeds in the phloem emerges through the bark and disperses to colonize new trees The ability of the beetle to kill a healthy tree is attributed in part to their mass attack of trees over a relatively short period of time The mass attack process is initiated by adult females which bore into the tree and release pheromones that in combination with volatiles from the damaged tree attract large numbers of beetles d HONDURAS NICARAGUA ELSALVADOR SS KARAS YS p Figure 3 Southern Pine Beetle distribution area Payne 1980 15 16 If a sufficient number respond they overwhelm the defenses of the host tree and then begin attack on adjacent trees Infestation scale can range from one tree to hundreds of acres The duration of each generation of beetles ranges from 26 to 54 days with three to nine generations occurring per year depending on geographic location Payne 1980 To illustrate the magnitude of loss caused by these insects an estimated 901 8 million in damage was reported during the period from 1960 to 1990 Price et al 1992 Despite years of research there are currently no effective short term control measures for this pest In order for this problem to be remedied in the future an accurate historical record as well as real time data must be made available The Southern Pine Beetle Information System SPBIS which will be di
56. any unsaved changes to documents and any data in the main memory that has changed since the last main memory backup Note Programs and files stored on the Disk are not affected by resetting However data and settings stored in main memory may be affected If these settings are lost some programs may not run correctly To avoid problems back up the main memory regularly and always back up the main memory after installing software What do do if my GeoExplorer CE s screen stops responding Ifthe screen is blank low contrast may be the cause Press the Contrast Up touch button to increase the contrast f your GeoExplorer CE handheld stops responding to the stylus or the screen goes blank you may need to reset it as described above Ifresetting does not solve your problem you may need to clear the main memory Clearing the main memory automatically backs up the main memory to the Disk then hard resets the GeoExplorer CE handheld To clear the main memory l Tap Astan Settings Control Panel Clear Main Memory 2 A message appears asking you to confirm that you want to clear the main memory Tap Continue v3 A second message appears asking you to confirm that you want to continue Hold down the Display button and press the Power button Can a broken touch screen be replaced Yes The handheld must be returned to a Trimble Service Provider for the repair Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited
57. as drop down menu with the choices poor fair regular and good The poor choice is made when the spot is not a candidate for logging Fair access is chosen when a logging decision cannot be made during the initial survey Regular is chosen when the site can be accessed at most anytime Good is chosen when the spot can be easily accessed and the logs easily hauled from the site Survey Page 2 is the heading for the fourth page This page contains fields for timber type fresh attack determination number of infested trees number of red or fader trees number of green infested trees and number of vacated trees The timber type choices include pulpwood saw timber and mixed A choice is made based on the composition of the spot The fresh attack field contains a simple yes or no This aids in determining what actions should be taken for control of the spot The subsequent four fields are used to determine the composition and size of the spot The number of infested trees will equal the number of red and fader trees plus the number of green infested trees Each field has an increment counter that allows the user to add one tree at a time while walking through a spot The final page of the form is for comments Anything concerning the spot that the surveyor would like to remember can be recorded here Approach for Uploading Data into SPBIS Seamless upload of data into the SPBIS database is the most important aspect of this project One of the major
58. as historical spot records Users can then produce status reports on a regular basis allowing them to make informed decisions concerning monitoring and suppression activities While this process appears to be simple SPBIS has seldom if ever been a useful tool The following is a brief history of the development of SPBIS SPBIS was originally developed in the late 1970s and resided at the Ft Collins Computer Center as a group of FORTRAN computer programs In 1983 SPBIS was revised and placed on Apple II computers at the District level In 1988 SPBIS was released utilizing the Forest Service Data General computers SPBIS 2 0 was released January 1999 and was designed to run on the IBM RISC 6000 computers at Forest Service Regional Forest and District offices SPBIS 2 0 uses the ORACLE database 19 management system and ORACLE Forms SPBIS 2 1 was released in December 1999 It moves the forms from Exceed to PC SPBIS 3 0 released in March 2002 included a new graphical user interface GUI The new GUI was developed in Visual Basic and provides the user with more assistance and functionality Data entry has been streamlined to minimize the need for training and data integrity has been improved through a new supplemental error checking routine SPBIS Installation Guide 2002 The SPBIS database catalogs SPB infestations which are commonly referred to as spots A unique number catalogs spots comprised of at least 10 trees Data fields
59. avigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 2 of 3 Trimble Trimble Navigston Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 Nort Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 LL 149 GeoExplorer CE Series 00 LUETST TIS ER CIE ust What happens when the GeoExplorer CE handheld loses power If the internal battery runs flat and no external power source is available the GeoExplorer CE handheld turns off and the main memory is cleared When power is restored the main memory is restored from the backup on the Disk You will lose any unsaved data for example any unsaved changes to documents and any data in the main memory that has changed since the last main memory backup Note Programs and files stored on the Disk are not affected by power loss However data and settings stored in main memory may be affected If these settings are lost some programs may not run correctly To avoid problems back up the main memory regularly and always back up the main memory afier installing software Can I take the battery out No Removing the internal battery voids your warranty If you have a ba
60. be compiled for HPX 2000 with an Intel StrongARM processor Applications for the current GeoExplorer CE need to be designed for CE NET version 4 20 devices with Intel Strong ARM processors The applications must also be able to detect and use the GeoExplorer CE Portrait sereen What applications will run on the Trimble Recon handheld Applications for the Trimble Recon CE NET handheld need to be designed for CE NET version 4 10 devices with Intel ARM XScale processors Applications for the current Frimble Recon handheld noed to be built for Windows Mobile 2003 software for Pocket PC What applications will run on the GIS TSCe Applications for the GIS TSCe Windows CE 3 0 handheld need to be compiled for HPC 2000 with an Intel StrongARM processor Applications for the current GIS TSCe need to be designed for CE NET 440 devices with Intel Strong ARM processors The applications must also be able to detect and use the GIS TSCe Landscape screen Copyrign December 2003 Trminte Navigation Linted Al rights reserved Tomtis the Globe amp Triangle logo and Gack xplorer are Wacker aru of Trimble Navigation Libet registered in fe Urded Siate Patent amp Trademark Office and other cobia TSCe s a vader art of Tero Navigation Lirted The Bluetooth word mark and logos are Owned by Ta Bhat SIG Inc end ary use of aut marks by Tria Navigation Limited ia under beroe Recon is vadum of Tripod Data Systems Inc wholly owned suba diary cf Temtie Nan
61. bjR S Fields 1 strForestCode And objRS fields 3 strSearch Then ReturnDistCode objRS Fields 2 Exit Function End If objRS MoveNext Wend objRS Close strForestCode Set objRS Nothing End Function Function ReturnDistrictN ame strTableName strSearch Dim objRS Dim strForestCode Set objRS Application CreateAppObject recordset strF orestCode objP gOneCtrls cboF orest Value If instr strTableName 2 0 Then strTableName LayerPath amp strTableName End If objR S Open strTableName If err number lt gt 0 Then msgbox Cannot open Table amp strTableName Set objRS Nothing Exit Function End If objRS MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objR S Fields 1 strForestCode And objRS fields 2 strSearch Then ReturnDistrictName objRS Fields 3 Exit Function End If objRS MoveNext Wend objRS Close strForestCode Set objRS Nothing End Function Sub StoreForestCode strTableName Dim strS earch objControl Set objControl ThisEvent Object strS earch objControl Value objP gO neCtris txtF orestCode Value strSearch Set objControl Nothing Sub UpdateHBO Dim strHbo Dim strBreakout Dim strHBO strHbo objPgOneCtris txtHead Value strBreakout objP gO neCtris txtBrk Value strHBO strHbo amp strBreakout objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value strHBO End Sub Sub UpdateF lags Dim strR esponse strResponse MsgBox Would you like to send this da
62. but they must be projected alike Due to the size of most raster data files very few can be displayed on the GeoXT While more than one raster image can be displayed at a time the use of two or more with different resolutions at a given time is unlikely The accuracy of the collected data is dependant on the projection not the scale or resolution of the base map The scale of the base map display is also important to consider If the map scale is too large the point may seem closer to your position than it actually is The zoom tool allows the user to manipulate the map to achieve the desired scale Another feature available on the GeoXT that will aid in navigation is the addition of a waypoint to the map A waypoint can be placed directly over the destination point Once this has been done the compass on the unit will display the direction you are traveling in relation to the point and the distance you are from the point This feature is particularly useful when you are in an unfamiliar area or if visibility is reduced 45 The layers chosen for the base map are also very important to the utility of the navigation feature La yers such as roads water features and stand boundaries are invaluable if the user is not familiar with the area If the user is familiar with the area labeled roads and water features aid in determining bearings While GPS navigation is a very useful tool it is important to have another means of navigation while in th
63. collected for this objective were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test The results of this test indicate with 9596 confidence that the time required to complete each survey type are significantly different Table 1 contains the results of the statistical analysis The average time required to complete the paper form is 10 minutes and 37 seconds while the digital form averages 8 minutes and 29 seconds The digital survey took an average of 2 minutes and 8 seconds less to complete than did the paper form While the time required to complete each form has the potential to vary significantly between users with proper training the digital system should prove to be less cumbersome than the traditional paper method Table 1 Means standard deviations sample sizes N and p value from Mann Whitney U test comparing the time required to complete the paper SPBIS survey form and the digital SPBIS survey form The p value of 0 004 indicates a significant difference at a 0 05 Paper Form Digital Form Mean std dev N Mean std dev N Mann Whitney U P value Time 10 622 4 795 8 481 4 256 0 004 38 Infestation Acreage Estimated versus GPS The data collected for this objective were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test The results of this test indicate with 9596 confidence that the total estimated acreage of the spots in this sample group is almost twice the total measured acreage Table 2 contains the results of the statistical analys
64. commercially collected data can be extremely expensive Reasons for high costs include the seller s need to offset collection costs and the desire to limit use of the data to serious users only Commercially collected data are often of a higher quality than that of public domain as the collectors often have a wealth of resources at their disposal In certain cases it is possible to obtain customized data sets from commercially gathered data as it is often more comprehensive thus catering to a greater range of needs The third method of obtaining GIS data is self production The major advantage of this method is the data will be collected to the user s exact specifications While this would be the preferred method of collection for most it is an extremely expensive endeavor Data collection whether done by ground personnel or by remote sensing equipment is time consuming Equipment and man hour costs are extremely high making this method ideal but often not feasible As far as data acquisition is concerned if the data you need for a project exists use it don t take the time to replicate it Srinivasan 2003 GIS data come in many different forms Current software packages can read a variety of file formats GIS data file formats include shapefiles digital orthoquads DOQ digital raster graphics DRG multi resolution seamless image database MrSID and bitmaps BMP among others These file formats can be obtained using all of the meth
65. d no Then objRS MoveLast 71 objR S AddNew objRS Fie E intMax objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi e txtS potNum Value e e e e e e e e e e e objRS Fie e e e e e e e e e eld eld ee objP gOneCtris txtR egion Value 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboF orest Value Value objP gOneCtris txtDistC ode Value 5 8 Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value 2 2 3 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboS urvType Value 4 Value objP gFiveC tls Value objP gFiveCtrls Value objP gF iveCtrls cboS uggTrtP In Value Value objP gFiveCtris cboF lgClr Value Value objP gFiveCtrs cboLogAccess Value Value objP gSixCtrls cboP ulpSaw Value Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value Value objP gS ixCtrls txtinfTrees Value dtpS urvDate Value dtpGrdChkDate Value RR ae objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi objRS Fi Value objP gSixCtris txtNu mF ading Value Value objP gS ixCtrls bxtNumG reen Value Value E Que Value objP gSevenC tris btc omments3 Value Value strSpotFlagT emp objRS Fi Value strHboF lagTemp objRS Fi Value N StrSurvE eae yes 5 7 9 End If End If If objRS recordcount 0 And strS pot M Then objRS AddNew objRS Fields objRS Fields objRS Fiel
66. d to increase chances of identifying problems with the system When testing began the GPS receiver was activated at each spot the survey was conducted and the receiver was deactivated This was done initially to conserve battery life When doing this it became increasing harder to obtain a GPS fix due the constantly changing satellite geometry After several frustrating hours of waiting for a signal it was decided to leave the GPS receiver activated throughout the entire workday This easily solved the problem Even though the signal was not constant the entire day a fix was much easier to obtain when the receiver maintained communication with at least a few satellites Leaving the GPS receiver activated during the entire day did not affect the life of the battery any more than if the receiver was turned on and off The unit can also be 48 configured to conserve power by going dormant after a set period of inactivity In order to be able to run the unit continuously for 10 hours the battery must be completely charged on a daily basis Another problem that arose was with the GPS receiver When using a unit for the first time the GPS receiver within ArcPad would not activate It was determined that the COM port settings on the GeoXTTM were not properly set The Trimble GeoXT has a total of four COM ports to which various applications are assigned COM 1 is the standard serial port for the connection of all external devices The remaining th
67. d to widespread frustration among the users of the database ultimately leading to almost complete abandonment of data entry SPBIS data was traditionally collected in the field on paper forms Each year data were collected for each SPB infestation but with the exception of a few districts were never entered into SPBIS This backlog of data further compounded the problem of retrieving usable data from the database In recent years employees of the Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team FHTET in Fort Collins have slowly mapped out the code structure allowing them to make the needed improvements to the database With SPBIS currently up to date the issue of historical data becomes important The extensive collections of SPBIS data sheets are in the process of being manually entered into the database When used properly SPBIS can be a valuable tool for monitoring and suppression activities on a district In the event of a SPB epidemic SPBIS allows personnel to easily monitor the status of all infestations on the district At times there can be hundreds of infestations that are in some stage of being controlled or monitored and the SPBIS system will produce reports that can assist in the rapid direct control of these infestations SPBIS Installation Guide 2002 21 The future of SPBIS lies in the ability of data to be effectively entered into the database Negligent data entry is the primary hindrance to the utility of the database Efficient
68. dicate the satellite is available but not currently being used Satellites displayed in red indicate the satellite is not available This color code allows the user to determine the likelihood of obtaining a fix in a timely manner Likewise the ArcPad GPS receiver features a signal chart which displays the relative signal strength from each satellite in the form of a horizontal bar chart Each of 47 these features aid in determining the optimal time for receiving a GPS signal Another element of a GPS signal that has to be considered is dilution of precision DOP DOP is defined as an indicator of satellite geometry for a constellation of satellites used to determine a position Positions with a higher DOP value generally constitute poorer measurement results than those with lower DOP Factors determining the total geometric dilution of precision GDOP for a set of satellites include PDOP Positional DOP HDOP Horizontal DOP VDOP Vertical DOP and TDOP Time DOP Kennedy 2001 For this project the PDOP value is the main concern By increasing this value the GPS signal becomes more readily available but at the expense of accuracy Depending on the amount time allotted for collecting field data it may not be possible to wait until the GPS signal is at its strongest This was the case with field testing the SPBIS mobile mapping system A major field testing objective was to survey as many spots as possible for statistical analysis an
69. digital form Jul O1 02 01 45p USDA Forest Service 318 473 7288 p 2 Southern Pine Beetle Information Data Sheet Forest District RVEYS Date Suggested Pulp or Treatment Saw DD MON YYYY Plan P S Number Number Number North Latitude West Longitude Attack Infested Red Fader Green Vacated Decimal degrees Decimal degrees Y N Trees Trees Trees Trees X XXX XXXX EX XXX XXXX Treatment Sale Cutting Permit Date Marked Salvage Volume ccf Date Sold ID Unit ID Number bb Mos vvvv DD MON YYYY po Eo ii eS AE Number Infested Contractor Paint Supplemental Volume ccf Suppressed Trees Acres ID Color Date Saw Pulp DD MON YYYY Treated DO MON YY Y Y 2 Comments TREATMENT PLAN M MONITORED L CUT amp LEAVE CUT amp HAND SPRAY i INACTIVE OR DEAD B PILE amp BURN X SEMIO CHECMICAL 154 VITA Saul David Petty was born to Kirk H and Sandra D Petty on September 17 1980 in Houston Texas Saul started elementary school in Needville Texas in 1986 In 1991 the family moved to Gilmer Texas where Saul attended school until December of 1996 In January 1997 the family moved to Joes Colorado Saul graduated from Idalia High School in Idalia Colorado with honors in May 1999 Saul attended Hill College in Hillsboro Texas for one year before transferring to Texas A amp M University in College Station Texas in August 2000 He received his B S in Hor
70. ds ObjRS Fields objRS Fields ObjRS Fields elds elds elds elds elds D DTDoDODUDoOpoocooouotoooo e wn 3 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboS urvType Value 4 Value objP gFiveCtrls dtpS urvDate Value 5 Value objP gFiveCtris dtpGrdChkDate Value 6 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboS uggTrtP In Value 7 Value objP gF iveCtris cboFlgCIr Value 8 Value objP gF iveCtris cboLogAccess Value 9 Value objP gSixCtrls cboP ulpSaw Value objRS Fi 0 objRS Fi 1 objRS Fi 2 objRS Fi 3 objRS Fi 4 Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value Value objP gS ixCtrls txtlnfTrees Value Value objP gSixC tris txtNumF ading Value Value objP gSixC tris txtNumG reen Value Value objP gS ixCtris txtNumVac Value Else End If End If 69 objR S Fields 35 Value strNorthLat objRS Fields 36 Value strWestLong objRS Fields 37 Value 2 WGS84 ObjRS Fields 38 Value objP gSevenCtrls txtComments 3 Value objRS Fields 69 Value N strSurvEntered yes objRS Fields 69 Value B If strS pot lt gt N And strBreakout N Then objR S MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objRS Fields 2 Value objP gOneCtris txtS potNum Value And objRS Fields 4 Value objP gO neCtrls cboForest Value And objRS Fields 5 Value objP gOneCtrls txtDistCode Value Then Wend RS F RS Fi objRS F
71. ds objRS Fields J J Value objP gOneCtrls txtS potNum Value Value objP gOneCtrls txtR egion Value Value objP gOneCtrls cboForest Value Value objP gOneCtrls txtDistCode Value objRS Fields 7 objRS Fields 65 Value objP gOneCtris cboS pecies Value 2 3 4 5 7 65 Value M Ses pees cere Coren Carey ae End If If objRS recordcount lt gt 0 And strSpot M Then objR S MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objR S Fields 2 Value objP gO neCtris txtS potNum Value Then objRS Fields 3 Value objP gOneCtrls txtR egion Value objRS Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboForest Value ObjRS Fields 5 Value objP gOneCtrls txtDistCode Value objRS Fields 7 Value objP gOneCtrls cboS pecies Value objRS Fields 65 Value z M End If objRS MoveNext Wend End If If strHbo 2 M Then 72 objR S MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objR S Fields 2 Value objP gOneCtris txtS potNum Value And objR S Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtris cboF orest Value And objR S Fields 5 Value objP gOneCtrls txtDistC ode Value And objRS Fields 8 Value objP gOneCtris txtH boName Value Then objRS Fields 9 Value objP gO neCtrls txtP arentHbo Value objRS Fie m Value objP gThreeCtris txtiComp Value objRS Fields 11 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtS t Value objRS Fields 13 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtE stimatedAcres Value objRS Fie
72. e field as GPS is not available in every situation Problems and Solutions Problems are inevitable with any new tool This mobile mapping system is no exception Many of the problems experienced during the field testing of this tool were the product of inexperience and lack of knowledge about the equipment The majority of the problems had very simple easy to implement solutions As with any new technology a certain amount of training is required to use the equipment proficiently While most devices and software packages come with ample documentation for proper use of the product the best way to become familiar with a product is to learn by trial and error The remainder of this section deals with the problems experienced while field testing the SPBIS mobile mapping system and the solutions to these problems The first problem experienced during testing was with the Trimble GeoXT M A faulty connection was formed while attempting to connect the unit to the charging cradle resulting in the unit freezing up This mistake led to the discovery of several other problems The unit required a system re boot With the Trimble GeoXT there are two ways to re boot the system a soft and a hard re boot The difference between the two re boots is the level at which the unit is restarted A soft re boot in effect restarts Windows CE This is usually sufficient to fix the problem It the unit suffers a major software or 46 hardware conflict a
73. e standard NMEA message types output by GeoExplorer CE series handhelds are GGA VTG GLL GSA ZDA GSV and RMC For more information on the NMEA standard visit www nmea org pub index html What is TSIP The Trimble Standard Interface Protocol TSIP allows you to control a GPS receiver and set GPS configuration parameters For receivers with appropriate capabilities TSIP can be used to control beacon and satellite DGPS parameters and external sensor configurations How can use the integrated GPS receiver The integrated GPS receiver has three internal GPS communication ports COM2 NMEA COM3 TSIP COM4 Real time Connecting to GPS is as simple as activating the port that supports the protocol you require For example TerraSyne automatically connects to the integrated GPS receiver on COM3 TSIP GPScorrect automatically configures ArcPad so that when you use the Activate GPS command it connects on COMG TSIP Third party field software can use NMEA on COM2 or TSIP on COM3 NMEA applications cannot control the GPS receiver so you can use the GPS Controller software to configure the integrated GPS receiver and view status information Can the GeoExplorer CE handheld be used as a receiver only Yes You can use the GPS Connector software to configure the integrated GPS receiver to output NMEA or TSIP messages on COMI Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle
74. e the Fill Polygons option is unchecked Tap OK to close the Layer Properties dialog Close the Layers dialog Field Browser x Step 7 Locate a parcel hydrants shp parcels shp The hydrant you are going to add is located in the 123 AREA 723 PERIMETER southwest corner of Parcel 29 Before you can add the abe fia 123 ACRES new hydrant you must locate parcel 29 p ae On the Browse toolbar tap the Find button d In the Find dialog tap the Select Layers button 3 cea In the Field Browser dialog tap the plus sign next to parcels shp In the list of fields tap the PID field to highlight it Tap OK In PID parcels shp In the Find text box enter 29 and then tap the Search Find fo ES m Search only features in view button abc 123 PERIMETER One match is found and posted in the results list 1358 55252 In the results table tap the record to highlight it Notice the associated feature is also highlighted in the ArcPad display 110 In the lower right corner of the Find dialog tap the dropdown arrow and choose Zoom to Feature X I l Yag Zoom to Feature E Center he k Select d Hyperlink Close the Find Dialog Tap the Clear Selected Features button You have located the parcel now you can record the location of the hydrant that is on it Step 8 Activate hydrant editing Before you can add the hydrant you must make S9 GPS Tracklog Map Grid
75. e the lower limits of the unit s accuracy Field conditions are rarely the same on a day to day basis and urgency to complete surveys will take precedence over less than optimal conditions The intent of this exercise was to illustrate the possible range of data accuracy and precision based on field conditions Also many of the accuracy errors that are overlooked by the GPS unit can be corrected with desktop position correction software such as Trimble amp GPS Pathfinder Office The utility of this unit for navigation purposes has been proven While there is some discrepancy in accuracy this unit is sufficient to locate and record the position of a SPB spot 51 One question that was not addressed during field testing was the effect of elevation on accuracy of the collected data This project was developed for and will be used primarily on flat land districts though there are several areas in the southern region that have a variety of changes in elevation Objects such as trees buildings and mountains can obstruct GPS signals Although SPB infestations on National Forest land while varying slightly in size host species and geographic location are all surveyed in a similar manner varying geographic features can have an effect on GPS accuracy To address these potential errors many of the latest GPS units including the Trimble GeoXT are equipped with reat time position correction technology and are Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS
76. e values GPS measured acreage proved to be more accurate thus promoting the use of GPS for measuring acreage Navigation using GPS coordinates was successful and will greatly decrease the time required to locate a SPB infestation on the ground This thesis describes a mobile mapping system designed specifically to remedy the problems associated with SPBIS This system eliminates the need for manual entry of field collected data while improving field data collection in terms of efficiency and accuracy DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my family for all their love and support vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their help with this project Robert N Coulson Forrest L Oliveria Crawford W Johnson James R Meeker Chris A Steiner William Bruce Alexander C Mangini Stephen R Clarke James D Smith Valli Y Peacher Timothy J Haley Anthony W Courter Judy Adams Maria Tchakerian Sindhu M George Audrey Bunting Jaehyung Yu Robert A Smiley Jay P McClain and Ray C Henderson Vil TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT erc iii DEDICATION 1 evevxi Erit pH Ee Ve y YR tere E elei EE V ACKNOWLEDGMENT Sy ctis etio sess pctEa NEM Ina EH NS sdu PC Mr EI edu vi TABLE OF CONTENTS i oco ORO RN e NA d ER ONE A EA vii LIS OR FIGURES d ea asse etas a tss de a I de SON ix BAS VOF TAB ES menre iener enera EEEO OR EE ED BER EER VELA edt X CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONS stededeie esconde tes
77. ed at the north end of the study area Before you can draw the street you need to zoom in closer to its location Tap the Zoom In button Q B Zoom in to the area shown below Step 13 Digitize Kansas Street Tap the Line button 7 To draw a line with this tool tap where you want the line to start then while holding the pen down drag to the location you want the line to end The location where you lift the pen off the display defines where the line ends Using the tap and drag technique described above draw the cul de sac s street centerline at the location shown below After you draw the street enter Kansas St for the street name and then tap OK Click the Full Extent button Step 14 Digitize State Street The next street you will add is south of the one you just added Zoom in to the area shown in the graphic below To add this street you will use the Polyline tool To use this tool tap the location where you want the line to start then tap and drag to define each successive vertex After adding the final vertex tap the Polyline button to finish the sketch From the Editing tools dropdown list choose Polyline Bl Pectandle Tap the location shown below to begin drawing the M4 Polygon street Elipse Circle 9 Freehand Polygon Tap just to the right of the first vertex and drag to the next location where you want to place a vertex when you remove the styles from display or release the m
78. een does not respond properly to your stylus taps for example if you have to tap an area next to an icon not directly over it to select it recalibrate the touch screen To start the recalibration sequence select the Calibration tab or press the Display button and the Power button at the same time Follow the instructions on the screen to recalibrate the touch screen Can I do GPS prediction mission planning on the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GPS Controller software includes a Plan section that displays an animated skyplot and DOP satellite geometry graph for your current position for the next 12 hours For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide or the GPS Controller Help Note If TerraSyne or the GPScorrect extension for ArcPad is installed use the Plan section in that application instead of GPS Controller Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 2 of 3 137 GeoExplorer CE Series VET e diate ER CTS What happens to GPS Controller when data c
79. er CE system Methods for Field Testing Components of SPBIS Mobile Mapping System Field testing of the SPBIS mobile mapping system was conducted in eastern Mississippi on the Chickasawhay Ranger District of the DeSoto National Forest This area was chosen for its abundance of Southern Pine Beetle spots Each aspect of the field 33 testing was limited to two people in order to minimize possible deviations in the data due to varying degrees of surve y experience The time required to conduct a survey by a veteran employee at the district level would likely not be comparable to the time required by a graduate student with limited survey experience For the sake of uniformity and time management each spot was visited after the initial survey had been done This approach allowed confirmation of spot locations by number as well as access to data for comparisons The testing objectives were to define the difference in the time required to complete each version of the survey to define the difference in estimated spot acreage and measured spot acreage to define the utility of the navigation features on the Trimble GeoXT and to define problems that could be encountered in the field and how to correct them Time Study Paper vs Digital A time study was used to define the amount of time necessary to accomplish a unit of work using a given method by a surveyor possessing sufficient skill to do the job properly Mundel 1947 Project coordi
80. erating system also provides a consistent application interface Applications specific to the hardware platform are also included with the operating system What is Windows CE Windows CE 1s the Microsoft architecture that ts used to build the various versions of the Windows CE operating system The Windows CE operating system is not restricted to handheld computers it ts alse appropriate for cash registers cellular telephones medical instruments and any other appliance that requires a small embedded operating system There have been two major releases of Windows CE Windows CE 3 0 and Windows CE NET What is the difference between Windows CE 3 0 and Windows CE NET based operating systems Windows CE NET is the successor to Windows CE 3 0 Windows CE NET includes several improvements to performance multimedia and browsing capabilities and a more comprehensive driver support Windows CE NET has had several releases including 4 0 4 1 and 42 Windows CE 3 0 is no longer widely available as most Windows CE operating systems being released are based on CE NET What is Pocket PC Pocket PC Pocket PC 2002 and Windows Mobile 2003 software for Pocket PC are operating systems developed by Microsoft for personal digital assistants PDAs Handheld computers that run these Pocket PC operating systems are referred to and branded as Pocket PCs Pocket PC operating systems are custom versions of Windows CE 3 0 or Windows CE NET 4 2 The c
81. es You cannot upgrade a GeoExplorer CE handheld to later versions of Win CE The operating system is hardware dependent A new operating system may require faster processors and other hardware changes such as memory capacity and communication options What software is standard on the GeoExplorer CE handheld Microsoft Pocket Internet Explorer and Inbox for Web browsing and e mail Windows Explorer Remote Networking Terminal Calculator and Text Editor for day to day tasks GPS Controller and GPS Connector for full GPS control comprehensive status information and in field mission planning Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXT GeoXM GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 1 of 5 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 ruis ato conl 131 GeoExplorer CE Series LUETST STIS Meme ts What software is available for my field requireme
82. es The main purpose of this project is to improve the SPBIS database to aid in management of SPB infestations to reduce losses to harvest compromised timber while it still has value and to assist resource managers in preventing further infestations from becoming established The SPBIS mobile mapping system addresses current problems with the database and offers viable solutions to each Mobile mapping technology is a versatile tool which is used to collect field data with unique geospatial time tags and attributes for integrating into or updating a GIS Rasher 2001 The ability to efficiently collect data is essential to developing a useable database The time required to manually enter data into the database is substantial Ranger district personnel often do not have the time or the desire to enter data Currently the iv database is lacking years of survey and infestation data due to these negligent data entry practices limiting the usefulness database Currently SPBIS data is recorded on a paper survey form This system introduces a digital version of this form A time study conducted to define the efficiency of each survey showed that the digital form to be more efficient with a Mann Whitney p value of 0 004 A comparative study was conducted to define the difference between currently estimated SPB infestation acreage and those measured using GPS A Mann Whitney p value of 0 000 shows the significant difference between the two acreag
83. es are being utilized to combat these problems As with insects surveying plays an integral role in the study and prevention of diseases Unique mobile mapping applications can be developed to improve surveying efficiency Other governmental entities such as the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service APHIS who are responsible in part for monitoring all exotic pests in the United States could find custom mobile mapping systems very useful in their activities Digital aerial sketch mapping which has been mentioned several times throughout this thesis is another technology that will improve the SPBIS data collection process When used in conjunction with the SPBIS mobile mapping system digital aerial sketch mapping serves to further improve the efficiency of the system The ability to collect GPS ground locations and spot polygons in a format that is easily transferred to the mobile device is invaluable to the utility of this system Another aspect of digital aerial sketch mapping that complements the mobile mapping system is extensive distribution at the district level With the sketch mapping system in place on each district the integration of the mobile mapping system will be much easier Both systems incorporate GIS and GPS technologies making training on one system complement training on the other 55 ArcIMS is a software package that allows dynamic maps and GIS data sets to be published on the Internet It provides a highly sc
84. est Pest Management Washington DC United States Naval Observatory 2005 The current GPS constellation Available online at http tycho usno navy mil gpscurr html Accessed January 8 2005 Wadhwani A 2004 Recent advances in mobile GPS GIS mapping technology Available online at http www gisdevelopment net technology mobilemapping techmpOO5pf htm Accessed on September 9 2004 Wiley S and R C Weih 1997 Integrating GIS and remote sensing with ecosystem research J of the Arkansas Academy of Science 51 188 192 Xiao B and K Zhang 2002 Handheld GPS and mobile mapping Cartography 31 1 99 108 APPENDIX A SURVEY FORM CODE IN VB SCRIPT 59 The following is the VBScript code for the SPBIS data collection form to be used in ArcPad Option Explicit m objEF m objP gOneCtrls m objP gThreeCtrls m objP gF iveCtrls im objP gS ixCtrls im objPgS evenCtrls im strDistCode m strForestCode im strNorthLat m strWestLong m strSpot m strHbo m strBreakout m strSurvey m strS potFlagTemp m strHboFlagTemp m strFlag OQOOOOOOgOOOgoooogog Initialization Routines Sub InitializeF orm Set objEF ThisEvent Object Set objP gOneCtrls objEF Pages pg1 Controls Set objP gThreeCtrls objEF Pages pg3 Controls Set objPgFiveCtris objEF P ages pg5 Controls Set objPgSixCtrls objEF Pages pg6 C ontrols Set objP gS evenCtrls objE F P ages pg7 Controls objP gS ixCtrls txtInfTrees
85. fic projection parameters adjusted for the region 90 ESRI s GIS System 91 92 Working with ArcPad Presenter Brian Parr ESRI Redlands California Workshop Overview Topics Introduction to ArcPad Working with layers Querying and measuring tools Editing tools Format Slide shows followed by software demonstrations Each topic followed by a Topic Review Copyright 2002 ESAI What is ArcPad ESRI mapping software designed for mobile devices Runs on Windows CE mobile devices Windows 95 and 98 Me NT 2000 XP GIS GPS solution Copyright 2002 ESR What is ArcPad ESRI mapping software designed for mobile devices Runs on Windows CE mobile devices Windows 95 and 98 Me NT 2000 XP GIS GPS solution Copyright 1 2002 ESR 93 94 What is ArcPad ESRI mapping software designed for mobile devices Runs on Windows CE mobile devices Windows 95 and 98 Me NT nm CL BC NT ee 2000 ELA Zo ze De ri e DO 5 c 24 CO v 7 E m c m nad GIS GPS solution ST 35 s Copyrigh 2002 ESRI ArcPad integrates technologies j GIS ar 1 in d Wireless Communications 95 What can you do with ArcPad ArcPad enables you to get you out of the office Take inventory Update data Monitor change a Track events Navigate to a location Copyright 2002
86. file associated with the shapefile In addition it also contains some flag fields required for accurate entry into SPBIS Again this is an important step in for this application since data will be prepared for entry into the SPBIS database only if Yes is selected In the event that the data is incomplete Activating the Layer control Box DATDA Projecti Data Forse m jE S Mt F amp 2 Q Q a5 2 Arck 599 0 33 N 360 1616 E 1 1685947 V 7 Making spb_survey Layer editable i x elite 4 eizi 9 9 GPS Tracklog E Map Grid EGM delim mass S D EGM in AGMareas BEGM detection 5 M r v v Vv Adding a new point DATDA_Project Data For e Ht G H R Q amp 8 e 0 as8 a 4 4 H4mE ArcF 599 0 33 N 360 16 16 E 1 1685947 V 7 the option No data entered at most current inflbrma a value had beep the previous o Em SPBIS that particular entry for that control ilL Ie lost since the old value will be overwritten 1n the default dbf table date However only the on will be stored hence if e Repeat previous steps if necessary to add a second point and record Step 5 Saving and Exiting ArcPad the file by tapping on File from the i menu using the following steps File Save Map e Close ArcPad either by tapping on the close icon at the top right corner of the screen as you would any windows app
87. g application A073 251583157 Bl x puble tap the ArcPad icon on the display g 8 a scfeen to launch ArcPad This may also be i s 2 i dane from the Start menu at the bottom left ICE M uli 0 d 33 oe corner of the screen as follows k ere IE Start Programs ArcPad ArcPad 599033 N 360 1616 E V 7 e When the program has loaded open the particular application by tapping on the File menu at the top right corner of the main menu bar using the following steps File Open Map Disk My Documents Training ArcPad apm Open Tap on the black arrow next to the File icon This will load the particular application called ArcPad located in the Disk portion of the main memory All data and applications are loaded into the Disk portion of the memory which is the non volatile and permanent portion of the Trimble unit s memory Activate the in built GPS unit from ArcPad black arrow next to the je main menu to idi ONS e Tap once on the GPS Active option A red rectangle appears around the corresponding icon to the left e Tap once on the insert image i view the drop This will activate the in built GPS unit of the GeoXT from within ArcPad ArcPad will use the GPS configurations of the in built GPS Controller If the configuration is changed within ArcPad it will over write the settings of the GPS Controller 1
88. gaton Lmted Microsot Windows Mobile and Outlook are eher cagstered Esdearku or traders of Microsoft Corporation m he United Sistes ardor other countries AS ofer trademarks ae Ife groperty of Ther ses pactree Owners Ths document for informatione purposes only Trmble mazes no warranties espnessed or replied in this goumen Pag 30 3 Q SupportFA iP Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 130 GeoExplorer CE Series August 1 2002 VET ey TIS ER CIE System What is Microsoft Windows CE Microsoft Windows CE is the Microsoft operating system for mobile devices It supports a wide range of communication options so you can be mobile and still have access to your enterprise data e mail and the Internet The handhelds in the GeoExplorer CE series use Windows CE version 3 0 Embedded so you can choose the software that meets your field requirements What operating system is on the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GeoExplorer CE handheld uses Windows CE version 3 0 Embedded You can only install and run applications on the GeoExplorer CE handheld that are compiled for a Handheld PC 2000 H PC 2000 with an Intel StrongARM processor Can the operating system be upgraded Revisions of the Windows CE 3 0 Embedded operating system will be included with receiver firmware upgrad
89. has the benefit of giving accurate positions while you are in the field and is excellent for navigating and relocating GIS data features in the real world Postprocessing corrections are recorded at the base GPS receiver and applied to the positions recorded by the roving GeoExplorer CE handheld using office software This is a good technique when you need the best possible accuracy for your GIS but you don t require real time accuracy for navigation Trimble s field and office software solutions make it easy for you to postprocess GPS data collected in real time giving you the best of both worlds What office software is available for my GPS data postprocessing requirements There are two options for processing GPS data collected with a GeoExplorer CE handheld GPS Pathfinder Office version 2 90 The GPS Pathfinder Office software adds value to your GIS data collection and data maintenance projects by enabling you to plan your data collection session before you go into the field making field work more productive In addition you can differentially correct your data from a number of sources and review your data in map form before transferring it to your GIS For more information visit www trimble com pathfinderoffice html GPS Pathfinder Express on line data processing service To submit your GIS data to this service simply e mail the data from the field or upload it on the GPS Pathfinder Express website The service processes
90. he spot locator is the name of the person who found the spot The priority field contains three choices high medium and low An option is chosen based on spot activity and the value of the material contained in the spot and surrounding areas The acreage that is determined by traversing the spot with an activated GPS is entered into the estimated area field Survey Page 1 is the heading for the third page This page contains fields for the survey type the initial detection date the ground check date the suggested treatment plan flagging color and logging access The survey type field contains the following choices aerial ground and video These choices correspond to the manner in which the spot was detected The initial detection date is the date the spot was found while the ground check date is the date the spot is first visited on the ground These dates can be the same but often are not The ground crew that conducts the initial spot survey recommends the suggested treatment plan Treatment recommendations are based on current spot activity and value of the stand in which the spot is located The flagging color field has a drop down menu that contains several common flagging colors Flagging color is important to know for revisiting the spot The final field on this page is logging access The initial ground survey crew also determines logging access based on 27 the possibility that the spot will be logged and its location This field h
91. held before recharging the battery What types of external power can use Depending on the optional accessories that you have purchased you can use mains power a camcorder battery or a vehicle s battery to supply power to the GeoExplorer CE handheld How long can the GeoExplorer CE handheld operate using an external camcorder battery Using power from an external camcorder battery doubles the GeoExplorer CE handheld s operating time to up to 20 hours with GPS operating continuously Can the GeoExplorer CE handheld use external power without recharging the internal battery By default the GeoExplorer CE handheld uses any external power source to recharge its internal battery This draws more power from the external source than only using it to power the GeoExplorer CE handheld Recharging the internal battery from a power source that can itself be drained such as a camcorder battery can be inefficient if you are using external power to extend your working time To get the maximum life out of an expendable external power source you can disable recharging from the power serial clip When recharging is disabled any power source connected to the serial clip is used only to provide power to the handheld For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and GeoXT are trademarks of Trimble N
92. hetic value for visitors No matter what the objective a management planis required One option that is becoming more prevalent is spatial forest planning The term spatial refers to any information about the location and shape of and relationships among geographic features Kennedy 2001 Spatial forest planning can serve as a means of guidance for management within an increasingly complex framework of regulations voluntary program guidelines and the need to efficiently manage forest resources in a changing management environment Many regulatory environmental and economic factors can be addressed using this method of planning Bettinger and Sessions 2003 Spatial forest planning is a dynamic process that requires some degree of database development and maintenance Once a working database has been established researchers can utilize outputs to aid in making management decisions A more specific example of the use of a GIS in forestry is the digitizing of national forest land in the United States In recent years changing attitudes toward national forests have increased demands to manage forests in a socially acceptable and ecologically sustainable manner Wiley and Weih 1997 GIS provides an easy way to develop and maintain a management plan to meet these objectives One of the first objectives of national forest systems across the country was to create digital files of all 13 the geographic features that comprise the forest Each Nati
93. ial receiver to the GeoExplorer CE handheld Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXM GeoXT GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 4 of 4 Q SupportkA Trimble Trimble Navigaton Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 ont con 147 GeoExplorer CE Series A 002 LUETST STIS ER CIE Battery and Power How long can the GeoExplorer CE handheld operate on internal battery power The GeoExplorer CE handheld has an internal lithium ion battery that will last up to 10 hours with GPS operating continuously How can conserve power Although the GeoExplorer CE handheld s battery can operate for a full day without recharging you can conserve battery power to extend operation time Follow these tips to reduce power consumption Disconnect from the integrated GPS receiver whenever it is not in use When you disconnect from GPS the integrated GPS receiver switches off and stops
94. ice real time data has not often been available to managers in decision making roles Decisions are 56 often made based on delayed data or historical trends With the proper adjustments the SPBIS database has the potential to remedy this problem Once the SPBIS mobile mapping system has been implemented and data becomes available the true advantage of this system will be seen It will then be possible for each district to better manage its resources and reduce losses due to SPB attacks Currently there are very few operational mobile mapping systems specifically designed for data collection The technology exists to facilitate automated data collection in any field of study This thesis will serve as a template for others to use when designing a custom mobile mapping system The major advantage of this system is having an automatic data upload application connected directly to the SPBIS database Integration of the new system will be done beginning with districts that have the most severe outbreaks This system will completely replace the current data collection process The utility of this system will become apparent when field personnel are able to place the mobile device into its cradle and upload field data on the unit in a matter of seconds The need for manual data entry will be eliminated This single advance in the data collection process will make real time data available for operational management 57 REFERENCES Adnan M
95. ific to the map Several base map packages can be saved within the GeoXTTM for use in several different areas The composition of a base map package is entirely decided by the user and can be tailored to meet the needs of any project 23 CHAPTER III METHODS AND MATERIALS Approach for SPBIS Data Form Development One of the main objectives of this project was to develop a digital version of the SPBIS data collection form The final version of the form consisted of five pages which contained all the fields needed for initial spot data collection Figure 5 shows the form pages as they appear on the mobile unit Data entry associated with each page is described below The form was developed using ArcPad Studio within ArcPad Application Builder ArcPad Application Builder is a development environment for creating custom GIS applications Custom applications developed within this environment can be used on any ArcPad software based mobile device For tasks such as development of the survey form for this project ArcPad exposes an extensive object model that can be accessed by writing VBScripts ESRI ArcPad White Paper 2004 The VBScript code for this application was written by S M George and is available in Appendix A Spot Information xi SPB Spot Data EB Heac gt Add Spot Add Head Add Breakout Region ps a EN uH Spot Number een HBO Number Parent HBO e Species 7 cea
96. inder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 4 of 5 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 niis ID De conl 134 GeoExplorer CE Series What can the optional serial clip be used for The optional serial clip attaches to the communication swipes on the back of the GeoExplorer CE handheld When the serial clip is attached it adds a serial port COMI to the GeoExplorer CE handheld You can use the serial clip to supply external power from a camcorder battery or a vehicle s battery recharge the internal battery from an external power source connect to a desktop computer to transfer data back up the Disk or install software receive differential corrections from an external real time correction source such as a Beacon on a Belt BoB receiver or DGPS radio connect to an external modem or cellphone for wireless Internet access connect to other external devices for example a digital camera or laser rangefinder What are the optional accessories Serial power clip Portable external power kit Vehicle p
97. individual polygon was created for each spot Under normal operating conditions the surveyor would determine the extent of the spot then walk the perimeter to create a polygon and obtain the area A useable polygon of each spot was created by the continuous collection of GPS points The attribute table associated with each polygon has a record of the spot area The area is reported in square feet A conversion must be made to determine the area in acreage if the spot area is displayed in square feet This conversion may be a slight inconvenience but can be done quickly with the GeoXT built in calculator The step by step process for creating a spot polygon is available in Appendix C As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter the spots for this study were ground checked by district personnel before we arrived It is common procedure for the district surveyors to flag the perimeter and the head s of the spot This practice allows the surveyor to make an educated estimate of the acreage and to learn the dynamics of the 35 spot In order to make a comparison between the estimated acreage and measured acreage the polygons were created using the flagged perimeter of the spot Acreages were measured for a total of 44 infestations Navigation Using the Trimble amp Geo XT M Aerially gathered GPS coordinates were not available for the area being field tested therefore coordinates gathered during the initial ground check were used to test the
98. ion EDS Hyped gt Version 6 0 or tap the OK button Version ate m 6 0 1 IV Fil Points Fill Color If necessary change the Outline Color to black sl Change the size of the hydrants to 4 Seas Elba Deis The color and size of the hydrants is set Canes Step 5 Turn on the hydrant labels In the Layer Information 2 Labels e Point Style Hype gt IV Label Features in this layer Field HvDRANT ID Check the Label Features in this layer box A Se o ev m Properties dialog tap the Labels tab If necessary from the Field dropdown list Color M Background Display scale range same as layer choose HYDRANT ID N REN it buena re a For Size type 10 what Out beyond 1 an Tap the Color symbol Cancel In the Color Designer choose a red color from the color palette then tap the new color chip Version 6 0 or tap the OK button Version 6 0 1 Check the Opaque Background option This will put a background behind each label 109 Step 6 Change the parcel symbology Double tap the parcels layer in the Information Labels amp Polygon Style ny gt Layers dialog ae Dutline Style Solid This is a shortcut for opening the Layer oe Dutline Width 2 gt Properties dialog Outline Color El Tap the Polygon Style tab Hilo dd o E Fill Color E Set the Outline Width to 2 EE Change the outline color to dark gray Make sur
99. is The average estimated area was 1 0455 acres while the average measured area was 0 5745 acres This significant difference should prove the need for a means of measuring acreage Table 2 Means standard deviations sample sizes N and p value from Mann Whitney U test comparing the estimated and measured acreage of 44 southern pine beetle infestations on the DeSoto National Forest Chickasawhay District in Mississippi The p value of 0 000 indicates a significant difference at a 0 05 Estimated Acreage Measured Acreage P value Acreage 1 0455 0 2107 0 5745 0 5164 0 000 Accuracy of the Trimble GeoXT GPS Receiver Table 3 illustrates the accuracy of the GeoXT under less than optimal conditions Table 3 gives the mean area for each plot under the given conditions The relation of these values to this project are found in the next chapter 39 Table 3 Trimble GeoXT accuracy test under less than optimal conditions Plot 1 Plot 2 Open Under Canopy Actual Area 0 1 acre 4356 sq ft 4356 sq ft GPS Mean x std dev 4207 sq ft 126 35 4082 sq ft 458 63 N sample size These are the results of the each quantitative field test conducted for the SPBIS mobile mapping system 40 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION Time Study Paper vs Digital A major concern surrounding the implementation of SPBIS mobile mapping system was the time required to complete the digital form in relation to the current paper f
100. is not lost The unit is linked to a desktop computer via a USB connection This allows for the rapid and dependable exchange of data Microsoft ActiveSync facilitates data transfer Trimble Datasheet and Specifications 2004 Each component of the Trimble GeoXT package is illustrated in Figure 7 ArcPad 6 0 3 The GIS software package used for this mobile mapping application was ESRIG ArcPad 6 0 38 This program is very similar to ESRIG s desktop ArcGIS package in terms of user interface and basic functionality but it is specifically designed for use on a mobile unit ArcPad allows the user to import both vector and raster data types such as shapefiles and DOQQs ArcPad is software for mobile GIS and field mapping applications This software provides an integration of GIS and GPS to field users via a hand held mobile device ArcPad has traditional GIS functionality such as map navigation layering and querying Data collection with ArcPad is fast easy and improves field based data validation and availability ESRIG White Paper 2004 ArcPad supports almost every common data format associated with GIS For this reason there is rarely a need to convert data formats between the desktop computer and the mobile device 32 AC power adapter Getting Started Guide ado Hs odi USB data cable Support module GeoExplorer CE handheld Figure 7 Components of the GeoXT M version of the Trimble amp GeoExplor
101. j files Map adopts layer s projection Access projection and datum information On the fly projection of GPS input verse Pieri e TE PITT Fro Ee rg 1312993 SSSI hv Mur m Copyright 2002 ESR Setti ti Layer Properties dialog Control label options Set drawing style and symbology Manage hyperlinks Access field properties Define scale dependencies Copyright 2002 ESRI 10 of 18 Topic Review Working with layers Map projections Setting layer properties Copyright 2002 ESRI 11 0f 18 99 Browsing your data User defined Fixed extents Previous Next Bookmarks Define Extent Scale Copyright 2002 ESRI Browsing your data User defined Fixed extents Previous Next Bookmarks Define Extent Scale Copyright 2002 ESRI 100 Browsing your data User defined Fixed extents Previous Next Bookmarks Define Extent Scale Capyright 2002 ESRI Query tools Identify Advanced Select Find 0 A5 20 rd Copyright 2002 ESR 101 102 Query tools Identify Advanced Select Find amp 9 0 453 Cepynget 2002 ESR Query tools Identify Advanced Select Find Q 8 O nag 0 Copymighs 2002 ESR Measure and Radial Measure 8 9 0 452 Copyright 2002 ESRI 14 of 18 Freehand Measure Copyright 2002 ESRI 103 104 Capturi
102. lds 14 Value objP gThreeCtrls cboP riority Value objRS Fields 16 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtP BA Value objR S Fields 17 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtTBA Value ObjRS Fields 18 Value objP gThreeCtrls cboWild Value ObjRS Fields 19 Value objP gThreeC tris cboWildC ode Value objRS Fields 20 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtWildName Value objR S Fields 21 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtS potF ndB y Value objRS Fields 67 Value M End If objRS MoveNext Wend End If If strSurvey M Then objRS MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If ObjRS Fields 2 Value objP gOneCtrls txtS potNum Value And objRS Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboF orest Value And objRS Fields 5 Value objP gOneCtrls txtDistCode Value And objRS Fields 8 Value objPgOneCtrls txtHboName Value And objRS Fields 24 Value objP gFiveCtrls dtpSurvDate Value Then objR S Fields 23 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboS urvType Value objRS Fields 25 Value objP gFiveCtrls dtpGrdChkDate Value objRS Fields 26 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboS uggTrtP In Value ObjRS Fields 27 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboFIgCIr Value ObjRS Fields 28 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboLogAccess Value ObjRS Fields 29 Value objP gSixC tris cboPulpS aw Value ObjRS Fields 30 Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value objR S Fields 31 Value objP gSixCtrls txtInfTrees Value objRS Fields 32 Value objP gSixC
103. lication or by tapping on Exit from the main File menu may be selected and the missing hanged without having entered 125 x SPB Spot Data E Comal C Add Spot Add Head Add Breakout Region jist ct District Spot Number RSEN HBO Number A Parent HBO er Species HH Cancel AEN Would you like Eo send this data into SPBIS Yes No Saving and exiting the application D TDA_Project Data_ Forms m xi e Ht G H B O Q 0 M52 k e t Ae gE ArcPad 599 033 N 360 1616 E V 7 Tap on the black arrow next to the File icon 126 Getting Started Guide wor USB data cable 7 d v Support module Stylus GeoExplorer CE handheld Support AQ ie Trimble Tanti Meat Levit Vane amp 5 ores AnD TAS Circe unc ies Ser Yu rane CO NOCOT uaa ew bint oam 127 Microsoft Windows CE Operating System FAQ Mapping amp Introduction This document lists the frequently asked questions about Microsoft Windows CE operating systems and some of the Tumble Windows CE devices It also discusses the operating systems that are used by the GeoExplorer CE series Trimble Recon handheld and GIS TSCe and the applications that can run on them What is an operating system An operating system includes the core components required ro manage hardware and software resources The op
104. lications imagery software or character recognition utilities Which Trimble software versions are required for the GeoExplorer CE series TerraSync 2 20 or later GPS Pathfinder Office 2 90 or later GPScorrect 1 00 or later for use with ESRI ArcPad 6 0 or later GPS Pathfinder Tools SDK 1 60 or later Can I buy a standalone GeoExplorer CE handheld Yes The handhelds in the GeoExplorer CE series are available standalone or with a range of software For details please see your local Trimble representative Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXT GeoXM GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 2 of 5 iP Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 sunt coc 132 GeoExplorer CE Series 1 2002 VET ey IUE ACIE Can write my own applications Yes You can use Trimble s GPS Pathfinder Tools SDK to develop applications for the GeoExplore
105. logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXM GeoXT GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 2 of 4 Trimble Trimble Navigaton Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 eae coc 145 GeoExplorer CE Series August 1 2002 VET ey UE ACIE What is differential correction Differential correction removes many of the errors in GPS data to improve accuracy This is done by comparing GPS data collected on a field computer the rover with data collected simultaneously at a known location the base Because the base data is collected at a known location any errors can be measured and the necessary corrections can then be applied to the rover data What differential correction techniques are offered by the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GeoExplorer CE handheld has two main correction techniques Real time correction corrections are transmitted from a base GPS receiver to the roving GeoExplorer CE handheld and are applied to the GPS positions as they are generated This
106. lue objRS F Value objPgThreeCtrls txtS t Value objRS F Value objP gThreeCtrls txtE stimatedAcres Value objRS F Value objP gThreeCtrls cboP riority Value objR S F Value objPgThreeCtrls txtP BA Value S S nnn UO DDDD DDpoor oiUcooctco a ec wn objRS F Value objP gThreeCtrls txtTBA Value ObjRS Fields 18 Value objP gThreeCtrls cboWild Value objRS Fields 19 Value objP gThreeCtrls cboWildCode Value objRS Fields 20 Value objPgThreeCtris txtWildName Value objR S Fields 21 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtS potF ndBy Value objRS Fields 5 P HEROID Value WGS84 objRS Fields 65 Value N objRS Fields 67 Value N If strS urvey N Then ms ee objRS Fields 23 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboSurvType Value objRS Fields 24 Value objP gFiveCtris dtpS urvDate Value objRS Fields 25 Value objP gF iveCtrls dtpGrdChkDate Value objRS Fields 26 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboSuggTrtP In Value 67 objR S Fields 27 Value objPgF iveCtrls cboFlgClr Value ObjRS Fields 28 Value objP gFiveCtrls cboLogAccess Value ObjRS Fields 29 Value objP gSixC tris cboPulpS aw Value ObjRS Fields 30 Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value ObjRS Fields 31 Value objP gSixCtris txtInfTrees Value objRS Fields 32 Value objP gSixC tris txtNumF ading Value objR S Fields 33 Value objP gS ixC t
107. m GPS a GIS and a hand held mobile device for data collection eumno siseu 7 24n31g Vad Hudder alqo S1995 MEERE a ejeg psu wo UDIJewACJu aydas _ Sd5 1x035 Quy ay aga Suwowsas jo KJEMI Sldd8 34 Jeqq ugsa pais SEN Joy pou aceg us on saanad p algo UOgJalia7 Bled Dejeuudre pue udder algon SiBdS 34 ui payor saibnjauugaa L enuey sJasn Jo swavodwog WS uoan au usn Sd9 1x039 EaiBonuu3a 1 ua E saoueiae ucneb eN apu aug EE FTN J0 Ageanaay Ei usea d m abeaiv eeg Buipenidn unie 1sajuy Jo yaeoudchy apog uoneaddy peojdn ph onlay masis moe cat suogealiddy ARE s HN amna Apms aui suoisni uos ucissnosig JA aaqdeyo A 4edeu2 agaag auld uiaunos adl senta Ansauo Ul 509 pue sio juauidpja ac uut SiIddS 40 Usensclthy WIS g U app uin 4 aung sanala pue sjeog sjensyen pue Spolpew 3 aa3deyg punoiByoeg uononpoauj t adeus samipuaddy i adeus IA 493deu5 SNOILVIS33NI 311338 3NId NYSHLNOS 3O SNIMOLINOW ONT 9NIASANnS 31VINOLnv OL A5010NH231 SNIdd Ii 31180I4 40 ISN IHL Global Positioning Systems GPS Current uses for the Global Positioning System GPS range from recreational to military applications GPS was developed by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s The original satellite positioning system developed in 1964 was called the Navy Navigation Satellite System It was comprised of seven satellite
108. mble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 1 of 3 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 T 136 GeoExplorer CE Series Can lock the touch screen Yes To lock the touch screen and hardware buttons tap Astr Programs Utilities Device Lock To unlock the touch screen drag the key icon in the top left corner of the screen over the padlock icon in the bottom right corner of the screen Tip You can configure a touch button to run the Device Lock utility Can I reconfigure the touch buttons and what are the options Yes To change the program or control that is assigned to each touch button tap alise Settings Control Panel Touch Buttons The options include all installed programs and many of the Control Panel options Can calibrate the screen responses to stylus taps Use the Stylus control to customize the way the screen responds to stylus taps To access this control tap if ista Settings Control Panel Stylus To adjust the double tap rate select the Double Tap tab and follow the instructions on the screen If the touch scr
109. method is by using the ArcPad extension in ArcGIS or ArcView on a desktop computer Shapefiles were not the only data type used for this project Several raster data formats were also used Raster data files are also composed of a collection of other files 50 similar to shapefiles When working with raster data it is important to make sure the data has a world file A world file is defined as a text file containing the coordinate and scaling information for converting the coordinates in an image which usually start at 0 0 and extend to the image s size in pixels to map coordinates such as latitude longitude or State Plane Kennedy 2001 A world file is needed to lay vector data over an image of the same geographic area No matter what data type is being used it is important to have all required files to ensure the data is displayed properly in the GIS These potential problems are easily remedied and can be avoided with proper training This is not a comprehensive description of all the possible problems with this mobile mapping system Additional problems will be dealt with as they arise Accuracy of the Trimble amp GeoXTTM GPS Receiver While the results of this test show a significant variation between the known area and the area each test plot the accuracy of the unit is still sufficient for this application As stated in the results this accuracy test was conducted in less than optimal conditions and serves to illustrat
110. mp elds 67 Value N If strSurvey N Then objR S Fields 23 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboS urvType Value objRS Fields 24 Value objP gFiveCtris dtpS urvDate Value objRS Fields 25 Value objP gF iveCtris dtpGrdChkDate Value objRS Fields 26 Value objPgF iveCtris cboS uggTrtP In Value objR S Fields 27 Value objP gF iveCtrls cboFIgCIr Value elds 28 elds 29 objRS Fi Value objPgF iveCtris cboLogAccess Value Value objP gSixCtrls cboP ulpSaw Value objRS Fi 70 objR S Fields 30 Value objP gSixCtrls cboG reenInf Value objRS Fields 31 Value 2 objP gSixCtrls txtlnfTrees Value objRS Fields 32 Value objP gSixCtris txtNumF ading Value objR S Fields 33 Value objP gSixCtrls txtNumG reen Value objRS Fields 34 Value objP gSixCtrls txtiNumVac Value objRS Fields 35 Value strNorthLat objR S Fields 36 Value strWestLong objRS Fields 37 Value 2 WGS84 objRS Fields 38 Value objP gSevenCtrls txtComments3 Value objRS Fields 69 Value N strSurvEntered yes Else objRS Fields 69 Value B End If End If If strS pot lt gt N And strHbo N Or strBreakout lt gt N And strSurvey N Then objRS MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If objR S Fields 2 Value objP gOneCtris txtS potNum Value And objR S Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboF orest Value And objR S Fields 5 Value
111. mpletely independent from the workings of the organizations that utilized its output The use of a GIS was limited to relatively few highly trained experts GIS professionals generally carried out tasks on behalf of others within an organization Harrington and Lauer 2004 These professionals performed operations on powerful stand alone computers Today users have access to GIS software on their personal computers and with relatively little training a user can produce viable output GIS allows users to easily manipulate and display geographical data The term data is used to describe any collection of related facts arranged in a particular format often the basic elements of information that are produced stored or processed by a computer Kennedy 2001 Quality data is essential to creating a useable GIS application There are three main ways in which GIS data can be obtained public domain commercially or self produced An abundance of GIS data can be accessed via the Internet for little or no cost Data that are considered public domain often includes census information public roads public waterways municipal boundaries and many other common features This data are often made available by government agencies at the local county state or federal level One drawback to public domain data is the fact that the data are only available as is Commercial data provides the user with more options but at a higher price Some
112. n l Onthe Windows CE taskbar tap isa Select Settings Control Panel System N w Select the Memory tab 4 Drag the slider to the left to increase program memory or to the right to increase storage memory 5 Tap OK to close the System Properties dialog Note You can only change the allocation of memory that is not in use Can you use a removable storage card with the GeoExplorer CE handheld No The GeoExplorer CE handheld can only be opened by an authorized Trimble Service Provider Trimble ra dare Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and 646 North Mary Avenue GeoXT are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited Sunnyvale CA 94085 registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective USA owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this Phone 1 408 481 8940 document Fax 1 408 481 7744 sas imbie com Page 5 of 5 Q SupportFA Trimble Trimble Navigaton Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 boom coc 143 GeoExplorer CE Series August 1 2002 ETI elite EC GPS What are the accuracy specifications of the GeoExpl
113. nators are continually striving to maximize the level of quality at which a task is completed while minimizing the amount of time required for completion of the given task While this delicate balance is often hard to achieve technological advances provide a range of options to streamline almost any process Using a stopwatch the action of completing each version of the SPBIS survey was measured and recorded at each spot The timing commences when the surveyor begins assessing the spot and ends when the entire survey form is complete The time required to obtain a GPS position for the digital survey method was not considered as we 34 did not obtain a GPS position for the paper survey The time required to traverse the spot for determining acreage was also not considered because it is not an aspect of the paper survey Only actions common to both surveys were included in the recorded time District surveyors using the paper survey method often use recreational GPS units such as those designed by Garmin to obtain positional information for each SPB spot The surveyors also mark the perimeter of each spot to aid in determining size and direction but the time to do this is not recorded The primary goal of this procedure was to measure the time required to complete each survey type under field conditions Times were recorded for both form types on a total of 54 infestations Infestation Acreage Estimated versus GPS To determine acreage an
114. nd are much more compact than their predecessors These improvements make mobile devices a feasible addition to many field data collection applications 22 Base Maps A base map is defined as a map depicting background reference information such as landforms roads landmarks and political boundaries onto which other thematic information is placed Kennedy 2001 Base maps are used to orient the user to a specific area Each layer that comprises a base map must be geo referenced alike This ensures the positional accuracy required while navigating on the ground The accuracy of a location garnered from a base map is only as good as the map itself The layers used to construct base maps are often shapefiles or data from remote sensing equipment Base map packages are an important part of any data collection project In the case of SPBIS data collection these packages often consist of compartments stands water features roads and wildlife habitats Layers ranging from topographical maps to points of interest can be utilized to meet the needs of any application These layers can be manipulated in any GIS software package such as ArcGIS or ArcView Both of these ESRI products contain an extension that allows the user to prepare the maps for use in ArcPad Within ArcPad maps are delineated by the extension apm which stands for ArcPad Map file This file contains information regarding the map layers map extent and settings spec
115. ng data Manual or GPS input Edit existing or new shapefiles Predefined shapes user defined Update Add attributes Vertex GPS Feature Edit Edit Tools Properties e TA de Bret Drawing Tools Copyrig 2002 ESRI Editing feature properties Edit attributes Edit geography PR SER AES SS SE Copynght 2002 ESRI 105 ArcPad tools ArcGIS and ArcView 3 x Create ArcPad Maps apm Export symbology Package shapefiles Bi Ge iiem twee imt om arm dh Copyright 2002 ESRI 17 of 18 Topic Review Map browsing 7 Query tools Measuring features Capturing data Editing feature properties gt ArcPad tools Copyright 2022 ESRI 18 of 18 106 Working with layers and editing features in ArcPad For this exercise assume you work for the County where it s your job to update the GIS data Recently you ve been asked to add a hydrant and three streets to the GIS database You will use ArcPad to collect the features You would normally use GPS in combination with ArcPad to create new data but in this exercise you will add features using ArcPad s drawing tools Note on tapping versus clicking buttons tools icons etc in this exercise This exercise has been designed to run on a mobile device With a mobile device you tap your pen or stylus on the buttons and menus in your software instead of clicking them If youre running ArcPad on a desktop computer clicking
116. ng system has many of the same features as a typical Windows desktop PC operating system but it is designed for use on a mobile unit The use of a Windows product promotes more efficient training of field personnel as most people are familiar with Windows products in some capacity For this application the GPS controller housed within ArcPad is used for gathering position information The physical characteristics of the GeoXT also make it an ideal candidate for this application The unit can operate in a temperature range from 14 F to 122 F while also being dustproof and shock and moisture resistant The display screen on this unit allows for use in direct sunlight and overcast conditions High screen resolution allows the user s data to be displayed clearly while a multi stage light allows for nighttime use When fully charged the unit battery has a life of 10 hours with the GPS activated which allows for an entire day of work to be done with a completely charged unit The unit is charged via the support module or charging cradle An AC 3l adapter that plugs directly into an ordinary wall outlet powers the charger It is important to recharge when the battery is depleted below 50 of its maximum voltage Trimble also recommends that the unit be charged for no more than four hours at a time A classic flaw of many mobile units is the loss of data when the battery is completely depleted With this unit any information saved to the disk
117. nipulated and displayed Identification and cataloging attributes such as species size health and location are important to developing a successful management plan The use of mobile mapping technology makes this task easy to accomplish GIS allows for the rapid access processing and updating of large amounts of data Kane and Ryan as in Adnan et al 2001 The combination of GIS and 14 GPS for forest management allows the manager to quickly produce accurate maps which can display a wide variety of information The Southern Pine Beetle SPB is the most destructive insect pest in southern pine forests The beetles range from the southeastern United States to parts of Mexico and Central America as shown in Figure 3 The beetles are an indigenous species and damage reports date back to the late 1700s Payne 1980 Due to the destructive nature of this pest millions of dollars are spent annually on control monitoring and research in an attempt to curtail losses The SPB is a very aggressive species of bark beetle that can kill many acres of healthy forest when populations reach substantial numbers The preferred hosts of this insect include loblolly pine Pinus taeda and shortleaf pine Pinus echinata though the beetles will attack several other pine species as well Payne 1980 The SPB is about the size of a grain of rice Figure 4 illustrates the life stages of the beetle Adult beetles attack living trees by boring into the bark
118. ns were low to immeasurable USDA Forest Service 2004 Research shows that SPB adhere to somewhat uniform cycles in terms of population density and outbreak duration Most outbreaks last a relatively short time period usually from 2 3 years This has led to the belief that the beetle is cyclical in nature particularly since major epidemics seem to occur about every 10 years Payne 1980 Accurate and comprehensive data collection and storage are essential to learning more about beetle populations The need for an improved data collection system will become more evident as the beetle populations begin to increase Federal suppression funds are allotted for each district as needed While it is difficult to predict the exact amount of support needed for the next year each district is given money based on data collected in the current year These funds are rarely enough for districts that are surprised by an epidemic One factor that goes into determining the amount of money given to a district is infested acreage Estimation is the current method for determining the acreage of a spot Many of the ground personnel who conduct these surveys have been doing so for many years and are quite proficient In these cases the estimated acreage can be fairly accurate Despite the work of these veteran employees the margin of error with this method of determining acreage is too great A second problem lies with the SPBIS database Past versions of SPBIS rounded
119. nts A range of software is available for the GeoExplorer CE series including Trimble s TerraSyne version 2 20 software for powerful data collection and data maintenance Use the TerraSyne software to populate and update your GIS with quality data and ensure accurate and up to date information for decision making For more information visit www trimble com terrasyne html ESRI s ArcPad version 6 0 with the Trimble GPScorrect version 1 00 extension to ensure high quality position data for ESRI mobile GIS applications GPScorrect provides full GPS data control within ArcPad and also collects data for postprocessing For more information visit www trimble com egpscorrect html Custom software developed with the GPS Pathfinder Tools version 1 60 Software Development Kit SDK to meet your organization s unique requirements For information about how the GPS Pathfinder Tools SDK makes it easy to add GPS capabilities to your field software visit www trimble com pathfindertools html GPS datalogging applications using the industry standard NMEA protocol that are compiled for Windows CE 3 0 H PC 2000 devices with StrongARM processors Software applications are available for a wide variety of industry specific needs For more information on the NMEA standard visit www nmea org pub index html Applications for Windows CE 3 0 H PC 2000 StrongARM devices that support your field data requirements such as timber cruising app
120. ny different software and hardware configurations to suit the needs of the individual user It is important to consider the environment in which the mobile device will be used Field conditions are more variable and often much harsher than those in an office environment It is important to consider the functionality of the device in the field and most importantly protection of collected data The memory capacity and processor speed of the device are also important The device must have enough memory to sufficiently store data while being able to efficiently operate GIS software which is often graphically intense The software utilized by the device must also be compatible with the software on a desktop computer in order to facilitate data transfer Mobile devices are constantly changing becoming more compact yet more diverse in their capabilities This brief overview of the components of a mobile mapping system is intended to show that these technologies while having several inherent drawbacks will continue to improve This thesis will discuss in depth one specific mobile mapping application in the field of forest entomo logy Overview of the SPBIS Mobile Mapping Project The USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Unit is responsible for surveying and monitoring all insect and plant pathogen problems on national forests in the southern United States The SPB is the most extensively monitored insect pest in southern pine forests The seq
121. o teo oec e E PME cere AEE 2 SPBIS mobile mapping project flow chart esee 3 Southern Pine Beetle distribution area c ccc cece ccc cece seen eee e eee 4 The life stages of Dendroctonous frontalis Zimmerman the Southern Pine Beetles 22 ese e t oed esa ees 5 The digital SPBIS survey form pages 1 5 eese 6 The SPBIS User interface with the screen prompts for uploading data from the mobile init cede eoe rra hem e cher Fa Uo nter ex HERR aS A ERN EY 7 Components of the GeoXT version of the Trimble amp GeoExplorer CE Syst m oce api cex py ex ex UbRu EE EE e PUER Fe VYTRR ONU ER CREE RRE cundysenoes 8 Southwide trend of acreage infested by SPB from 1979 through 2003 ix Page 11 15 17 24 29 32 41 LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1 Means standard deviations sample sizes N and p value from Mann Whitney U test comparing the time required to complete the paper SPBIS survey form and the digital SPBIS survey form The p value of 0 004 indicates a significant difference at a 0 05 37 Means standard deviations sample sizes N and p value from Mann Whitney U test comparing the estimated and measured acreage of 44 southern pine beetle infestations on the DeSoto National Forest Chickasawhay District in Mississippi The p value of 0 000 indicates a significant difference at a 0 05 seules rne 38 Trimble GeoXT accuracy test under less
122. ods mentioned above GIS files if they are created correctly have an information file associated with them known as metadata Metadata is defined as information about the content quality condition and other characteristics of data Kennedy 2001 Metadata is used to document how when and where data were collected as well as its projection scale resolution and accuracy Metadata consists of two features properties and documentation Properties are derived from the data source and include coordinate systems and projections It is important to have metadata files for all data sets When trying to combine data from many different sources it may become necessary to make transformations to ensure all the data combine properly In order to make certain transformations information about a data file is needed This information is also contained in the metadata Automated Data Collection The evolution of field data collection has increased exponentially in recent years Traditional data collection often consists of a field technician manually recording observations Advances in hand held mobile device technology have increased the opportunities for automated data collection Hand held mobile devices are personal computers designed for field use For mobile mapping applications they integrate a user friendly operating system GIS software and GPS capabilities to allow for efficient and accurate data collection Mobile devices come equipped with ma
123. older structure in the GeoExplorer CE handheld Some applications require program and data files to be stored in main memory RAM To allow such software to operate correctly some folders for example My Documents and Program Files on the Disk are duplicated in main memory You can store files and install software in either location However unless using the Disk causes problems in the applications you want to run Trimble recommends that you store programs and data on the Disk For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide How can I check the available memory on the GeoExplorer CE handheld To check the available space on the Disk l Onthe Windows CE taskbar tap Astr Select Programs Windows Explorer Disk N 3 Select File Properties A dialog appears showing used and free space on the Disk To check the available main memory 4 On the Windows CE taskbar tap iflistart f 5 Select Settings Control Panel System 6 Select the Memory tab to see how much of the main memory is in use and how the used memory is allocated What happens when the GeoExplorer CE handheld loses power or is reset When the GeoExplorer CE handheld loses power or is reset it turns off and the main memory is cleared When power is restored the main memory is restored from the backup on the Disk You will lose any unsaved data for example any unsaved changes to documents and any data in the main mem
124. ollection software is installed on the GeoExplorer CE handheld GPS Controller offers a subset of the functionality in TerraSyne and the GPScorrect extension for ArcPad so it is not required if either of these applications is installed If TerraSyne or GPScorrect is installed on your GeoExplorer CE handheld all shortcuts to GPS Controller are removed and the FI GPS touch button is reassigned to the TerraSyne or GPScorrect Status section If you uninstall the software the GPS Controller shortcuts are restored To restore the GPS Controller shortcuts at any time without uninstalling the software 1 On the GeoExplorer CE handheld open Windows Explorer 2 Browse to My Computer Windows 3 Tap Restore GPS Controller Shortcuts exe Trimble rige dia Chien Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GPScorrect and BASNE Mey AIME TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited Sunnyvale CA 94085 registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective USA owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this Phone 1 408 481 8940 document F 1 408 481 7744 Mac imbie com Page 3 of 3 Q SupportFA Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Ma
125. omma 74 Dim objControl Set objControl ThisEvent Object Dim intComma Dim intLength Dim strSearchString strS earchS tring objControl Value intComma InStr strS earchS tring If intComma 0 Then ThisEvent Result False ThisEvent MessageText Commas are not acceptable entries Please delete the commas ThisEvent messageType vbE xclamation End If Sub ValidatelnitialDetection Dim strR esponse Dim strDate strDate objPgFiveCtrls dtpS urvDate Value MsgBox Please verify Initial Detection date of amp strDate strResponse MsgBox Is this value correct vbY esNo If strResponse vbNo Then ThisEvent Result False ThisEvent MessageType vbE xclamation objP gF iveC tris dtpS urvDate SetFocus End If Sub ValidateR adioB uttons If strSurvey Then ThisE vent Result False ThisEvent MessageText Please choose from one of the radio button options at the top of the page ThisEvent messageType vbE xclamation End If End Sub ITIN Data entry Control Functions Sub IncrementNum strN um Dim intNum If sttNum 2 Then intNum CInt objP gS ixCtrls txtN umF ading Value 75 objP gSixCtris txtNumF ading Value intNum 1 Elself strNum 3 Then intNum ClInt objP gS ixCtrls txtiNumGreen Value objP gSixCtris txtN umG reen Value intNum 1 Elself strNum 4 Then intNum ClInt objP gS ixC tris txtNumVac Value objP gSixCtris txtNumVac Value intNum 1
126. onal Forest was faced with the enormous yet necessary task of digitizing all of their data When considering database development it became necessary to determine what types of data were being collected and devise methods to store view integrate and evaluate many different data formats Some of the data formats that were being digitized were tabular records tables charts analyses color slides color and black and white photographs stand maps and plot diagrams to name a few Wiley and Weih 1997 The most prominent digitized geographical features include compartment boundaries stands water and road networks Some secondary features may include wilderness areas landmarks specific wildlife habitats and controlled burn areas Several of these features are dynamic in nature and require continuous updates For example features such as compartment boundaries do not change very often but features such as burn areas are likely to change from season to season These features are often converted into a digital format known as a shapefile In general shapefiles are delineated as points lines or polygons They are easily created and manipulated within GIS software packages and provide a digital view of any geographic feature Once data are integrated into a GIS it is possible to develop timely real world models for planning and management In recent years several technological developments have had a significant impact on how data are collected ma
127. orer CE series The GeoXM GPS CE handheld provides 2 5 meter accuracy The GeoXT GPS CE handheld provides submeter accuracy It uses built in EVEREST multipath rejection technology to eliminate multipath signals in difficult GPS environments The GeoXT GPS CE handheld can also collect carrier phase data that can provide 30 cm accuracy when processed with the GPS Pathfinder Office software Does the external antenna improve accuracy No but using it with a groundplane can increase the number of positions yield that can be obtained in difficult conditions Does the GeoExplorer CE handheld work better under canopy than the GeoExplorer 3 handheld Yes The GeoXT uses EVEREST multipath rejection technology It also has a larger internal groundplane with a higher specified antenna than the GeoExplorer 3 handheld It s ideal for working under canopy in urban canyons or anywhere you need high accuracy data collection and maintenance For more information refer to the white paper called About EVEREST Multipath Rejection Technology which is available from the Trimble website at www trimble com eeoxt html What is EVEREST multipath rejection technology Trimble s EVEREST multipath rejection technology provides a high accuracy solution for codebased mapping EVEREST rejects random errors in GPS measurements caused by multipath before they are stored This results in more accurate better quality data Multipath occurs when a GPS
128. orm The utility of any tool is reduced if its use is more time consuming than the tool it is proposed to replace The major difference in the comparison of these two survey formats and a typical time comparison is the additional aspect of data processing after collection This is where the digital method becomes more efficient than the paper method Due to the cumbersome nature of data entry and negligent data entry practices the paper survey forms accumulated and were often forgotten The digital system allows for the seamless upload of data The time saved by not having to manually enter data is one of the major advantages of using a digital system The results of the time study show a two minute advantage when using the digital system This value was measured using only those data collection steps common to both survey types If the time required to locate a spot data collection time and data entry time were considered the total time advantage of the digital system would be substantially increased These factors were not included because they are not easily measured In addition to an advantage in operating time the digital system has several other advantages The use of a paper survey form has long been a standard operation for collecting field data The obvious problems associated with using paper outdoors include damage from the elements physical deterioration enhanced by field activities and 4 increased chance of the forms being lost
129. ory that has changed since the last main memory backup Note Programs and files stored on the Disk are not affected by power loss However data and settings stored in main memory may be affected If these settings are lost some programs may not run correctly To avoid problems back up the main memory regularly and always back up the main memory after installing software Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and GeoXT are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 4 of 4 142 GeoExplorer CE Series February 2003 L U ETT TOT ER Cl ts How can maximize application performance Trimble recommends that you install all programs to Disk and store your documents on the Disk This also improves performance because more main memory can be allocated to running programs Tip If possible split large data files into smaller files for faster operation If your programs are running slowly or messages warning you that program memory is low appear you can increase the proportion of main memory that is allocated to running programs To adjust memory allocatio
130. ouse button the vertex is added Digitize the rest of the street by using the tap and drag process to add the polyline s vertices When you get to the edge of the display use the panning frame to bring the rest of the street into view or click the Full Extent button and continue adding vertexes When you re finished drawing the street tap the Polyline button Name the street State St then tap OK to close the Feature Properties dialog Tap the dropdown arrow next to the Feature Properties button and choose Zoom to Selected Feature 114 Step 15 Save your map and close ArcPad Your work is done for now but you should save the current map just in case you need to return to this study area again Tap the Zoom to Full Extent button Tap the Save Map button i i Name the map Streets apm and save it in your MyData folder Loading Data onto the TrimbleO GeoXT Step 1 Data Preparation Collect all desired base map files compartments stands water features roads etc on your desktop PC and place them in a folder that will be easy to locate It is important to make sure all files are projected alike including the SPBIS survey shapefile Failure to project the files alike will result in layers that will not line up properly Projections can easily be changed using desktop GIS software such as ArcGIS or ArcView Step 2 Transfer of data to the mobile unit In order for your mobile unit to communicate with
131. ower adapter External antenna 1 5 m and 5 m cable options with magnetic base Pole mountable groundplane Antenna backpack kit Baseball cap with antenna sleeve Hard carry case Null modem data cable Beacon on a Belt BoB differential correction receiver Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXT GeoXM GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 5 of 5 Q SupportkA Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 unns tuto lon 135 GeoExplorer CE Series Aug ETI IU E ACIE Configuration How do I configure ESRI ArcPad to work on the GeoExplorer CE handheld Detailed installation instructions for ESRI ArcPad are provided in the ArcPad documentation You can also download installation instructions from the ESRI website at www esri com arcpad To configure ArcPad on the GeoExplorer CE handheld l In ArcPad tap the Tools button
132. r CE handheld Temperature specifications are as follows Operating temperature 10 C to 50 C 14 F to 122 F Storage temperature 20 C to 70 C 4 F to 158 F These temperature ranges reflect the operating limits of the touch screen However operating at the temperature extremes may also shorten battery operating times Does the GeoExplorer CE series support Bluetooth Not at this time Where can store the stylus The pouch supplied with the GeoExplorer CE handheld has a pocket for storing the stylus There is also a loop for the stylus on the handstrap Can the embedded receiver firmware be upgraded Yes Any upgrades for the GeoExplorer CE receiver firmware will be included with revisions of the Windows CE 3 0 Embedded operating system Upgrades and revisions can be downloaded from the Trimble website at www trimble com Can a GeoXM be upgraded to a GeoXT Yes An upgrade program will be introduced in the 4th quarter of 2002 To upgrade you must return the handheld to a Trimble Service Provider Are my GeoExplorer 3 accessories compatible with the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GeoExplorer 3 external power kit and external antenna can be used with the GeoExplorer CE handheld Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXT GeoXM GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathf
133. r CE series handheld Version 1 60 of the SDK supports the GeoExplorer CE series For more information visit the Trimble website at www trimble com pathfindertools html or contact your local Trimble sales representative Applications that support the NMEA protocol can also use the integrated GPS receiver Applications must be compiled for an H PC 2000 with a StrongARM processor What are the major differences between the GeoXT and GeoXM GPS CE handhelds The GeoXM GPS CE handheld provides 2 5 meter accuracy required for mobile GIS applications and 512 MB of internal disk memory for secure storage of large GIS datasets and background images The GeoXT GPS CE handheld provides submeter accuracy required for professional GPS GIS data collection and data maintenance and EVEREST multipath rejection technology for tough GPS environments The GeoXT is available in 128 MB and 512 MB options What are the accuracy specifications of the GeoExplorer CE series The GeoXM GPS CE handheld provides 2 5 meter accuracy The GeoXT GPS CE handheld provides submeter accuracy It uses EVEREST multipath rejection technology to eliminate multipath signals in difficult GPS environments The GeoXT can also collect carrier phase data that can provide 30 cm accuracy when processed with the GPS Pathfinder Office software How rugged is the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GeoExplorer CE handheld operates in temperatures ranging from 10 C to 50 C 14 F
134. ree COM ports support different communication protocols COM 2 outputs NMEA 0183 messages The National Maritime Electronics Association or NMEA has created a standard that defines an electrical interface and data protocol for communications between marine instrumentation that has been adopted as the standard by the GPS industry The NMEA 0183 standard defines electrical signal requirements data transmission protocol timing and specific sentence formats for a 4800 baud serial data bus Kennedy 2001 This is the protocol utilized by the GPS embedded in ArcPad Therefore if COM 2 is not selected the GPS receiver within ArcPad will not activate COM 3 outputs and receives Trimble Standard Interface Protocol TSIP messages This protocol is utilized exclusively by Trimble GPS applications with the exception of a few others This is the default COM port on the Trimble GeoXT and must be changed to operate the GPS receiver within ArcPad COM 4 is used to receive real time correction messages GeoExplorer CE Getting Started Guide 2002 Another potential problem with this system deals with locating and manipulating map layers on the unit In several instances users asked where to locate the maps 49 Navigating to a file within ArcPadQ is essentially the same as navigating to a file on a desktop computer Locating a file presents a temporary challenge if the user did not load the map layers or if the user is unfamiliar with ArcPad
135. ris txtNumG reen Value ObjRS Fields 34 Value objP gS ixCtrls txtNumVac Value objR S Fields 38 Value objP gS evenC tris txtC omments 3 Value ObjRS Fields 69 Value N strSurvEntered yes Else ObjRS Fields 69 Value B End If End If If ObjRS recordcount lt gt 0 And strS pot N Then objRS MoveLast objRS AddNew objRS Fields 1 Value intMax objRS Fields 2 Value objPgOneCtrls txtS potN um Value objRS Fields 3 Value objP gOneC tris txtR egion Value ObjRS Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboForest Value objR S F 5 Value objP gOneCtrls txtDistCode Value objRS Fields 7 Value objP gOneCtrls objRS Fields 8 Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value objRS Fields 9 Value objP gO neC tris txtP arentHbo Value objRS F Value objP gThreeCtris xtComp Value ObjRS F Value objPgThreeCtris txtSt Value ObjRS Fi Value objP gThreeCtris txtE stimatedAcres Value objRS Fi Value objP gThreeCtrls cboP riority Value objR S F Value objP gThreeCtrls txtP BA Value S S S TDOOOO O00 O OD 2 wn objRS F Value objP gThreeCtrls txtTBA Value Value objP gThreeCtrls cboWild Value Value objP gThreeCtrls cboWildCode Value Ids 20 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtW ildName Value objR S Fields 21 Value objP gThreeCtrls txtS potF ndB y Value objRS Fields S PHEROID Value 2 WGS84 objRS Fields 65 Value N objRS Fields
136. rks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 1 of 3 Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 2642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 nauis 148 GeoExplorer CE Series ETI UE ACIE How do I recharge the GeoExplorer CE handheld To recharge the GeoExplorer CE handheld use the support module or the optional serial clip to connect it to an external power source Depending on the optional accessories that you have purchased you can use mains power a camcorder battery or a vehicle s battery to recharge the GeoExplorer CE handheld Trimble recommends that you turn on the GeoExplorer CE handheld before recharging the battery If you recharge the battery when the handheld is in Suspend mode the battery level displayed in the system tray may not be correct To display the correct battery level turn on the handheld and fully charge the battery again Will the GeoExplorer CE handheld recharge when suspended Yes but the battery level displayed in the system tray may not be correct Trimble recommends that you turn on the GeoExplorer CE hand
137. ry Avenue Post Office Box 2642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8040 Fax 1 408 481 7744 su ttimbls com 138 GeoExplorer CE Series February 2003 Mapping amp GIS Memory How much memory does the GeoExplorer CE handheld have The GeoXM has 512 MB of internal disk memory for secure storage of large GIS datasets and background images The GeoXT is available in 128 MB and 512 MB options The internal disk memory is not expandable or removable All handhelds in the GeoExplorer CE series have 32 MB RAM Can the memory in a GeoXT be upgraded from 128 MB to 512 MB Yes An upgrade program will be introduced in the 2nd quarter of 2003 The handheld must be returned to a Trimble Service Provider for the upgrade How is memory configured in the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GeoExplorer CE handheld has two types of memory which are similar to the RAM and hard disk in a desktop PC The GeoExplorer CE handheld s main memory RAM is used mainly for running programs but it also stores essential files for the Windows CE operating system including the registry As with other CE devices which usually only have RAM you can adjust how much of the 32 MB of main memory is allocated to running programs and storing data For more information refer to the GeoExplorer CE Series Getting Started Guide How do I protect my data and installed programs The Disk is like a PC s hard disk It is used for storing programs and dat
138. s 4 Value strF orest And objRS Fields 5 Value strDistrict And objRS fields 2 Value strFilter Then objControl Addltem objRS Fields HBO_NAME Value objRS fields HBO_NAME Value End If objRS MoveNext Wend objR S close Set objRS Nothing Set objControl Nothing Sub StoreHboName Dim strS earch objControl Set objControl ThisEvent Object strS earch objControl Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value strSearch Set objControl Nothing Function LayerP ath Dim objLyr Dim strP ath Set objLyr application map S electionLayer strP ath objLyr F ileP ath strP ath left strP ath InstrR ev strP ath 1 1 LayerPath strPath Set objLyr Nothing End Function Sub StoreDistrictC ode strT ableName Dim strS earch objControl Set objControl ThisEvent Object strS earch objC ontrol Value strDistC ode ReturnDisC ode strTableN ame strS earch objP gOneCtrls txtDistCode Value strS earch Set objControl Nothing Function ReturnDistCode strTableName strS earch Dim objRS Dim stForestC ode Set objRS Application C reateAppO bject recordset strF orestCode objP gOneCtrls cboF orest Value If instr strTableName 20 Then 63 64 strTableName LayerP ath amp strTableName End If objRS Open strT ableName If err number lt gt 0 Then msgbox Cannot open Table amp strTableName Set objRS Nothing Exit Function End If objRS MoveFirst While Not objRS EOF If o
139. s orbiting the earth and was used by ballistic missile submarines to update their internal navigation systems Current GPS technology can achieve sub centimeter accuracy with high end receivers which proves sufficient for most applications The GPS constellation consists of 30 Block II Block ITA and Block IIR satellites The name block refers to the fact that the satellites were deployed in groups or blocks The subsequent number refers to the design model The Block IIs were the first fully operational GPS satellites These satellites were designed to operate 14 days without contact from the Control Segment USNO BLOCK Satellite Publication 2004 The Control Segment consists of a Master Control Station located at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado Springs Colorado and monitoring stations located on Hawaii Kwajalein Diego Garcia and Ascension Island NAVSTAR GPS Joint Program Office 2003 Nine of these satellites were launched between February 1989 and October 1990 BLOCK IIAs are second generation GPS satellites They were designed to operate 180 days without contact from the Control Segment Over this 180 day time period signal degradation becomes evident Nineteen of these satellites were put into orbit between November 1990 and November 1997 Both the BLOCK II and ITA were developed by Rockwell International and have a projected life of 7 3 years Each satellite contains four atomic clocks and has Selective Availability capabilities USNO B
140. scussed in detail in the next section of this chapter has the potential to meet both of these needs Current problems with the database have limited its utility This thesis deals with a tool that will streamline the data acquisition and storage process thus making SPBIS a functional tool 17 Larvae Pupa Callow Adult p Adult 43 Pa treu ae a a f LXI Figure 4 The life stages of Dendroctonous frontalis Zimmerman the Southern Pine Beetle Payne 1980 18 The Southern Pine Beetle Information System The Southern Pine Beetle Information System SPBIS is an ORACLE database that was developed for and is maintained by the USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry Region 8 Forest Health Protection The Southern Region Region 8 encompasses 13 states from Texas to Virginia including Tennessee and Kentucky to the north and Puerto Rico to the south The SPBIS database is a Ranger District based system for the storage and retrieval of information about the location of individual SPB infestations scheduled activities and accomplished activities SPBIS Installation Guide 2002 The primary purpose of SPBIS is to store SPB infestation records that can be later used for suppression and monitoring activities Under ideal conditions personnel on each district enter data on a weekly basis If data are entered on a regular basis then the database reflects realtime status of all current SPB activities as well
141. signal is reflected off another surface such as a tree or building before being measured by the GPS receiver For more information refer to the white paper called About EVEREST Multipath Rejection Technology which is available from the Trimble website at www trimble com geoxt html What GPS communication protocols are supported The GeoExplorer CE handheld supports the NMEA and TSIP GPS data communication protocols Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXM GeoXT GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 1 of 4 Trimble Trimble Navigaton Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 EE 144 GeoExplorer CE Series August 1 2002 WETICE ACIN What is NMEA NMEA is an open industry standard established by the National Marine Electronics Association NMEA The NMEA standard defines a format for communicating data collected or computed by a GPS receiver to an external device Th
142. ssho z r amp Subdivisins shp M Tap the Layers button Turn off the visibility and the editing status of the X e i eg hydrant layer Close the Layers dialog To save room in your display you will turn off the scale bar Tap the Tools dropdown arrow s 7 then tap the Scale Bar option to turn it off Tap the Tools dropdown arrow again and then turn on the Panning Frame The display is cleaned up and ready for adding streets but before you can do this you will need to create a streets layer Step 11 Create a new streets layer Tap the dropdown arrow next to the Open Map button 7 Choose New Layer Name STREET In the New Shapefile dialog tap the Type c Length 10 dropdown arrow and choose Polyline C iy M 7 recision o Tap the Add Field button Hill PN In the Field dialog name the field STREET C TruejFalse 112 Tap OK In the Create New ShapeFile Layer dialog Title e ES name the new shapefile Streets and save it in amp GPS Tracklog pod Map Grid your MyData folder e g roete hp a B C Temp mobile_mapping MyData Cer hydrants shp MO m amp l parcels shp Nr 4 Tap the Layers button amp jsubdivisons sp M p After you create a new shapefile in ArcPad it is automatically added to the current map with its visibility and editing status activated Close the Layers dialog Step 12 Use the Zoom In Tool You will add the first street to the cul de sac locat
143. t number parent head or breakout and species of pest The region forest and district fields each have drop down menus that contain all the possible location choices The head or breakout number and parent head or breakout fields have default values if the user enters no value Secondary heads and breakouts rarely occur therefore default values must be available in order for the data to be uploaded into the database The drop down menu for pest species field contains three choices Southern Pine Beetle any of the several species of Ips sp beetles that attack pine and Black Turpentine Beetle Dendroctonus terebrans Olivier These three pests are not the only species that will be encountered while conducting a survey but they are the most prevalent Heads and breakouts are the heading for the second page This page contains fields for the compartment number the stand number wilderness identification 26 wilderness name pine basal area total basal area spot locator identification spot priority and the estimated area The wilderness identification field contains a simple yes or no option If a spot is in a wilderness area it greatly affects the treatments that can be applied If the spot is in a wilderness area the wilderness name field is activated It contains names of wilderness areas that correspond to the forest and dis trict chosen on the first page The pine and total basal area are determined for the stand in which the spot occurs T
144. ta into SPBIS vbY esNo If strResponse vbY es Then Call CreateDbfCopy End If End Sub Sub CreateDbfC opy Dim objRS Dim strFileName Dim strS urvEntered Dim strTreatEntered Dim strSmcEntered strS urvEntered no strTreatE ntered no strSmcEntered no strFileName 2 spb survey backup dbf 65 66 Set objRS Application C reateAppO bject recordset If instr strF ileName 20 Then strFileName LayerPath amp strF ileName End If objRS Open strFileName 2 If err number 0 Then msgbox Cannot open Table amp strFileName Set objRS Nothing Exit Sub End If Dim intMax intCurrVal objRS MoveFirst If objRS recordCount lt gt 0 Then intMax CInt objR S Fields 1 Value While Not objRS EOF intCurrVal 2 CInt objRS F ields 1 Value If intCurrVal intMax Then intMax intCurrVal End If objRS MoveNext Wend intMax 2 intMax 1 Else intMax 21 End If If ObjRS recordcount 0 And strS pot N Then objRS AddNew objR S Fields 1 Value 21 objRS Fields 2 Value objP gOneCtrls txtS potNum Value objRS Fields 3 Value objP gOneCtrls txtR egion Value ObjRS Fields 4 Value objP gOneCtrls cboForest Value ObjRS Fields 5 Value objPgOneCtris txtDistCode Value objRS F Value objP gOneCtrls cboS pecies Value objRS Fields 8 Value objP gOneCtrls txtHboName Value objRS F Value objP gO neCtrls txtP arentHbo Value objRS F Value objP gThreeCtrls xtComp Va
145. ted eund sspe oie 1 Goals and Objectves i cerises ave tnr dia ca eR ee ERR ERR Rd 1 PURPOSE n na E tient seen EENE a E EOTEKO TOTOE 1 pcr m 2 Technologies Involved in Mobile Mapping and Automated Data Collection iorsin eie see co ro eee iE done San von BUR Sa d Ye ev ae Ubera 2 Mobile Mapping 2 43 ise ce ciue Re E x EHE pea ERE S Ere yes 2 Global Positioning System GPS sessesss 4 Geographic Information System GIS 5 Automated Data Collection cesses 8 Overview of SPBIS Mobile Mapping Project sess 9 II BACKGROUND jd e REY XR EPA Y REA SR X CER RES Y RR RS 12 GIS and GPS in Porestyi cose E ERE SD EARS EP EE URP SES 12 The Southern Pine Beetle rie rere Pv r or Rennes 14 The Southern Pine Beetle Information System 18 Mobile DEVICES isr cio eoe oi E exeo ee SEED gai sens E aida 21 BASE MIND T aS 22 III METHODS AND MATERIALS eee 23 Approach for SPBIS Data Form Development 23 Approach for Uploading Data into SPBIS 27 Technological Components of the SPBIS Mobile Mapping System 30 Trimble Geo X TM uiui actesevexte p pecore rEUta VAST re duit mses 30 AtcPad 0 03O aivats cous Sue vd a aE Qo RA RM ER ERA h 3l viii CHAPTER Page Methods for Field Testing Components of SPBIS Mobile Mapping SV SUCH Vase eras edet EEEE E vU EU asa
146. ticulture from Texas A amp M University in August 2003 He completed his M S in Forest Science at Texas A amp M University in May 2005 In July 2003 he began a student internship with the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Unit in Pineville Louisiana As part of this internship he began work on a M S degree in Forest Science at Texas A amp M University Following graduation he will start a permanent position with the Forest Health Protection Unit in Pineville Louisiana Permanent mailing address 2637 Lakeside Drive Burleson Texas 76028 817 484 2400
147. tion File Edt View Favorites Tools Help Back gt E Qsearch CiFolders i Address C Documents and Settings sdpetty My Docume Lu CBienvile NF Cl DeSoto NF Cleese C kisache NF ME Talladega NF Ble Edt Wew Favors Toos Hep Select an item to view its description Bak gt E Qusearch Folders i in Disk My Documents My Documents National Forests Cy Chickasawhay File Transfer Tombigbee NF Select an item to view its description List of necessary files in addition to secondary GIS data files ArcPad apm The ArcPad Map Document for displaying data and forms in ArcPad Spb survey files apl dbf prj shp xml District codes dbf Flg color dbf Forest codes bdf Log access dbf Prim trt dbf Priority dbf Pulp saw dbf shx shx Point shapefile to store and display data collected on field and to display active dada collection forms in ArcPad Dbase file containing District Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Flagging Color Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Forest Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Logging Access Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Primary Treatment Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Priority Code information for use in ArcPad Dbase file containing Pulp Saw Code
148. tion of the USDA Forest Service and various state and local agencies to control the spread of and minimize losses to gypsy moth These pests are surveyed in a manner similar to that of southern pine beetle The data collected is unique to this pest but many of the methods used in the field are the same This fact makes gypsy moth surveying a prime candidate for a mobile mapping system similar to the one described by this thesis A joint project between the Texas Department of Agriculture and the Knowledge Engineering Laboratory at Texas A amp M University is being conducted to survey gypsy moth in the Dallas Texas area A custom form containing the required data fields for gypsy moth surveying has been developed and deployed on a hand held mobile device Some of the other pests that are actively surveyed are indigenous species such as the mountain pine beetle western pine beetle and red oak borer and exotic species such as hemlock woolly adelgid emerald ash borer and the Asian longhorned beetle These 54 insects represent only a small portion of the insect pests that are monitored in this country Various forest pathogens also represent opportunities for the development mobile mapping applications Similar to forest insect pests pathogens problem are often encountered in the forest Diseases such as oak wilt and sudden oak death have become major problems in recent years As a result of increased possibility of spread wide ranges of resourc
149. tions are offered by the GeoExplorer CE handheld The GeoExplorer CE handheld offers the following real time differential correction options ree corrections from WAAS satellites within the USA received with the integrated WAAS receiver standard Free RTCM corrections from differential GPS radiobeacons received with the Beacon on a Belt BoB differential correction receiver purchased separately RTCM corrections from a differential GPS radio transmitter received with a DGPS radio purchased separately What is WAAS The Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS was created by the Federal Aviation Administration FAA as a free to air differential correction service for the aviation industry The system augments GPS with additional signals that increase the reliability integrity precision and availability of GPS signals For more information refer to the WAAS FAQ at www trimble com pathfinderpower html Does the GeoExplorer CE handheld support WAAS Yes The GeoExplorer CE handheld has an integrated WAAS receiver for free real time corrections in the USA For more information on WAAS refer to the WAAS FAQ at www trimble com pathfinderpower html Can the GeoExplorer CE handheld use satellite differential corrections No not directly However you can use the GeoExplorer CE handheld as a data collector for an external GPS receiver that can use satellite differential corrections or you can connect a satellite different
150. tris txtNumF ading Value ObjR S Fields 33 Value objP gS ixC tris txtNumG reen Value ObjRS Fields 34 Value objP gS ixCtris txtNumVac Value objRS Fields N LAT DD Value strNorthLat N objRS Fields W_LONG_DD Value strWestLong objR S Fields 3 7 Value 2 WGS84 objRS Fields 38 Value objP gSevenCtrls txtComments 3 Value objRS Fields 69 Value 2 M End If objRS MoveNext Wend End If objRS Update objRS Close Set objRS Nothing strS potFlagTemp z strHboFlagTemp 73 AUIHHTIEHTIHTIEHTIEHTIEHTEATIELIETIETE ALIUM Validation R outines Sub ValidateWild If ThisEvent O bject Value Y Then objP gThreeCtrls cboWildCode Enabled 2 True objP gThreeCtrls cboWildCode Listlndex 1 Else objP gThreeCtrls cboWildCode Enabled False End If End Sub Sub ValidateBATotal Dim dbIPBA dbITBA dbIP BA CDbl objP gThreeCtris txtP BA Value dbITBA CDbl objP gThreeCtrls tx tT BA Value If dbIPBA dbITBA Then ThisEvent Result False ThisEvent MessageText The basal area for Pine should be less than or equal to the total basal area Please re enter the values ThisEvent messageType vbE xclamation End If Sub ValidateNumeric Dim strValue strValue ThisEvent Object Value If strValue lt gt Then If Not IsNumeric strValue Then ThisEvent Result False ThisEvent MessageText Please enter a numeric value ThisEvent messageType vbE xclamation End If Sub ValidateC
151. ttery problem contact your local Trimble representative The battery is rechargeable in the handheld using the support module or the optional serial clip Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble GeoXM and GeoXT are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 3 of 3 Q SupportFA Trimble Trimble Navigation Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 niis ut ioe oc 150 GeoExplorer CE Series A 2002 LUET amp GIS Troubleshooting How do I reset the GeoExplorer CE handheld Soft reset If an application has stopped responding hold down the Power button until the screen goes blank about 5 seconds The GeoExplorer CE handheld restarts automatically Hard reset If a soft reset does not work hold down the Power button for 15 seconds to turn the GeoExplorer CE handheld off then press the Power button to turn it on again The main memory is cleared and then restored from the backup on the Disk You will lose any unsaved data for example
152. uential steps in surveying and monitoring the SPB are illustrated in Figure 2 The survey begins with aerial sketch mapping The traditional method of aerial sketch mapping involves manually marking the location of SPB infestations on a paper map Digital aerial sketch mapping is a new technology that utilizes GPS and GIS technologies to allow the surveyor to mark areas on a digital map which are in turn converted into a data format that can be used in a GIS Each location marked on the map has GPS coordinates associated with it This data can then be uploaded into a hand held device and used for navigation purposes It is often difficult to locate infestations on the ground using traditional navigation methods GPS coordinates allow the surveyors to reach the desired location more quickly Once a spot has been located a survey form is completed The current form consists of a single sheet of paper containing blank fields for each desired data type The data are collected on the paper form and manually entered into the SPBIS database It has been determined that the primary restriction in the current SPBIS data collection process is data entry Entry of data into SPBIS is a time consuming process and is often neglected When SPB outbreaks occur during the summer district personnel have limited time in which to enter survey data into SPBIS In order for SPBIS to be used as an operational management tool data must be entered in timely manner Given the c
153. urrent 10 situation SPBIS data are not used for operational forest management decision making The database serves as storage for historical outbreak records The combination of a mobile GPS unit and a digital upload interface between the unit and SPBIS will allow surveyors to collect data in a digital format and upload it directly into the database This will eliminate much of the need for manual data entry The shortcomings of the SPBIS database will continue to be compounded if the development of a dependable system for data acquisition and processing is further delayed With little or no data entry occurring information for decision making is limited This severely limits the ability of managers to develop plans for prevention and suppression 8 Aerial Survey point location of SPB Southern Pine Beetle Survey and infestations Monitoring Digital Sketch Sketch Mapping Mapping Download Point GPS Locations Datalogger Upload SPBIS Data NA Navigation to Infestation SPBIS Data gt h Logging Figure 2 SPBIS mobile mapping project flow chart 11 12 CHAPTER II BACKGROUND GIS and GPS in Forestry Applications of mobile mapping in forestry are among the most diverse of any field of study One general example of the utilization of a GIS is in forest management The world over forested lands are being managed for a variety of objectives from traditional timber harvest to aest
154. urrent Pocket PC operating system is Windows Mobile 2003 software for Pocket PC and is based on Windows CE NET 4 2 whereas the original Pocket PC and Pocket PC 2002 operating systems were based on Windows CE 3 0 Microsoft has developed Pocket PC operating systems to include a set of system components from the Windows CE operating system and application components designed for PDAs such as Microsoft Pocket Internet Explorer Microsoft Pocket Word Microsoft Pocket Excel und Microsoft Pocket Outlook Pocket PC supports synchronization of files and Pocket Outlook applications Inbox Calendar Contacts and Tasks Copyright Decemb 2003 Tomiie Navigator Livted All rights reserved Trimble Tw Globe amp Triangle logo and GasEsplerer ane trademorks of Trnble Navigation Limited recpstered in the Lieded States Patent 4 Trademark Office and other counties TSCe sa trademark of Trable Navigation Lirted The Biueocti word mark and logos are owned by he Biueocth SIG Inc and any use of such marks by Timbe Navigation Limited is under ioenee Recon 5 3 trademark of Tripod Dota Systems Inc a wholly owned subsectary of Trabis Navgetios Lenied Micrasok Windows Mabie and Outlook we ether registered Padenarts cr trademarks of Meeregoft Corporate in the Untad Sistas andor athar courtnes AJ other trademarks are tha property of Pair respective owners The document is for nfoamatonal pu poses only Trmbli masses no wir aries cep ested orampls this cocunert Page
155. your data using your preferred options and returns it to you in your choice of common GIS format For more information visit www trimble com pathfinderexpress html Copyright 2002 Trimble Navigation Limited All rights reserved The Globe amp Triangle logo Trimble BoB EVEREST GeoXM GeoXT GPScorrect and TerraSync are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited GeoExplorer and GPS Pathfinder are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited registered in the United States Patent amp Trademark Office All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners This document is for informational purposes only Trimble makes no warranties expressed or implied in this document Page 3 of 4 Trimble Trimble Nevigaton Limited Mapping and GIS Division 645 North Mary Avenue Post Office Box 3642 Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Phone 1 408 481 8940 Fax 1 408 481 7744 146 GeoExplorer CE Series VET ey UE ACIE Why is postprocessing important Postprocessing improves the accuracy and yield of GPS positions even if the data has already been corrected in real time This is because postprocessing corrections are matched exactly by time with real time corrections they are approximate postprocessing corrections are continuous real time communications can be interrupted resulting in uncorrected positions postprocessing uses carrier phase data for additional accuracy What real time op
156. your desktop PC Microsoft ActiveSync is required This program can be downloaded at no cost from the Microsoft website To begin connect the Trimble GeoXT support module or cradle to the desktop PC via the USB data cable Press the unit into the cradle to form a connection When a proper connection has been made the unit will flash a message across the screen and a screen prompt will appear on the desktop PC This prompt will ask if you would like to synchronize your unit with the PC For most applications choose NO and click next A window will appear stating that a connection has been established You are now ready to transfer data The following are the steps in the transfer process 1 Double click the My Computer icon on your desktop PC 115 Possible base map folder names 0 National_Forests File Edit View Favorites Tools Bienville NF DeSoto NF Homochitto NF Kisatchie NF Talladega _NF National_Forests Select an item to view its description Set Up Partnership Baoe you can gmaria nonan baowean you mobie dedo and the con palet you ment set up ety ip bebo thana Would you ike fo xal up a partmerzh p Ye Set up a putrarzhip ro that can ndroim r ceralior beween ni device and the con uter 6 hy don went lo synchroniee iriaren Set uo ney dence s o gue m hel can coy u nro r cerabar babes n ne device and the cong uer LE oe ce n9 4

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