User Manual
Contents
1. Additional Suggestions for Using the Compressor Setting up the Compressor is simpler if the Ex pander or Gate is initially set to Bypass and the Peak Limiter threshold set to maximum This lets you adjust the Compressor in isolation 20 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Ratio Amount The Ratio setting depends on how much the sig nal dynamics need controlling As a rule higher ratios provide a higher degree of control but also tend to be more audible in operation when high levels of gain reduction are required The soft knee feature of the Compressor makes this far less pronounced Overall a higher ratio can be used than on conventional compressors with out compromising the sound quality Effective Gain Reduction If the Attack amp Release switch is set to Auto set ting up is simply a matter of adjusting the Threshold control until the desired amount of gain reduction occurs You can judge this partly by ear and partly by observing the gain reduc tion meter A maximum gain reduction of between 8 dB and 12 dB is usually adequate If more gain re duction is necessary consider applying com pression during recording and then further compression while mixing With Auto Gain Make up disabled rotate the Gain control until as near to O dB full scale sig nal output is seen at the VU meter For greater simplicity select Auto Gain Make Up Background Noise Compression during a mix increases the subjec tive level o2. Drawmer Dynamics Version 7 0 1 w Copyright 2005 Digidesign a division of Avid Technology Inc All rights reserved This guide may not be duplicated in whole or in part without the express written consent of Digidesign Digidesign Avid and Pro Tools are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Avid Technology Inc in the US and other countries All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners Product features specifications system requirements and availability are subject to change without notice PN 9329 17758 00 REV A 10 05 Chapter 1 Introduction 0 00 ees 1 Contents of the Boxed Version of Your Plug In Lua aaa aaa aaa aaa aa 1 System Requirements o seh oie cl prp ead oa RT E eR etad wie od dee odes 2 Register Your Plugins 22e deme Rupe m REP ee ea da jada RT REL Ec 2 Working with Plug Ins 5 2 2 ep mur mde mer Rm na TR Eder ACE Rey bd Gdcb TR ACER Sure 2 Conventions Used in This Guide llle 3 About www digidesign com 0c cee hs 3 Chapter 2 Installation Lilillllllselelsles BRI 5 Installing Drawmer Dynamics ux chacune ba IA Gd ali Gow bie ARR ES DEKOR a RICE 5 Authorizing Drawmer Dynamics suus cu ose ek deias aai Ee dom RO Ros ee dos m x ER S d 5 Removing Expired Plug ins 2 was za uim ey da RU eee weal aw aes ae eel EUR ra RR ee 7 Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters
3. applications and hardware News and Events Get the latest news from Digi design sign up for a Pro Tools demo To learn more about these and other resources available from Digidesign visit the Digidesign Web site www digidesign com Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Installation Installing Drawmer Dynamics Installers for your plug ins can be downloaded from the DigiStore www digidesign com or can be found on the plug in installer CD ROM in cluded with boxed versions of plug ins Addi tionally an installer may also be available on a Pro Tools software bundle CD ROM Installation steps are essentially the same re gardless of the bundle package or system you purchase Installation To install Drawmer Dynamics 1 Download and unpack the appropriate plug in installer from the Digidesign DigiStore www digidesign com or insert the plug in installer CD ROM into your CD ROM drive 2 Click Install 3 When installation is complete click Finish Windows or Quit Macintosh When you open Pro Tools you will be prompted to authorize your new plug in Authorizing Drawmer Dynamics The Drawmer Dynamics plug in is authorized using the iLok USB Smart Key iLok manufac tured by PACE Anti Piracy Inc iLok USB Smart Key The iLok is similar to a dongle but unlike a don gle it is designed to securely authorize multiple software applications from a variety of software
4. nal and external side chain processing With external side chain processing a plug in s detector is triggered by an external signal such as a separate reference track or audio source known as the key input A typical use for this feature is to use a kick drum track to gate and tighten up a bass track or a rhythm guitar track to gate another instrument track such as a keyboard pad Side Chain Filters The DrawmerGCL plug in also features high pass and low pass side chain filters which lets you can make dynamics processing more or less sensitive to certain frequencies 24 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide A common production technique is to use these controls to filter a drum track so that only spe cific high frequencies a hi hat for example or low frequencies a tom or a kick for example trigger the gate Using a Key Input for External Side Chain Processing To use a filtered or unfiltered external key input to trigger dynamics processing 1 Click the Key Input selector and select the in put or bus carrying the audio from the reference track or external audio source RAWMER gt Bus 6 Mono gt Bus 7 Mono gt Bus 8 Mono gt Bus 9 Mono gt Bus 10 Mono gt Bus 11 Mono gt Bus 12 Mono Bus 13 Mono gt Bus 14 Mono Selecting a Key Input 2 Set the Key section to the Side Chain setting us Key Side Chain Listen KEY ain _ Internal z LF Key Filter Filter H
5. 00 ccc cece eee 9 Adjusting Parameters cu el euh E ti od steed ea ent 4 KATY A See weed unb a Ed EE 9 Expander Module lt s 22h Ree wy dea aS eG RR GALE wba SE he Bik NEG E RE 10 The Gate Module is ices een E owa d Pow RR Wawa dee Sew x RR ER wag ere Hae 13 The Compressor Module lt sa 40 24 wo w w 04 5 065004 E Gai hi DOR ee Aj W Be eee 18 The Limiter ss 25 ag tee karsea AWZ bois BOA A ae tales Raha ae ae dna katie a 21 Meters and Indicators sssi sa fawn seek dae ds Ga en neal W PA etie RR eR ae 22 Chapter 4 Using Drawmer Dynamics 0 0 000s 23 Using Plug Ins as Inserts LL aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aa 23 Inserting Drawmer Dynamics ona Track llle 23 Using the Side Chain Input in DrawmerGCL L aaa aaa aa aaa a aaa 24 Appendix A DSP Requirements uuuuuueaaiaaa aaa 27 Drawmer Dynamics DSP Requirements L aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa 28 Contents iii Appendix B DSP Delays Incurred by TDM Plug Ins 29 Drawmer Dynamics DSP Delay 0000 cee eee eee eee 30 Appendix C Drawmer Dynamics Demo Sessions 1 1 31 Using the Demo Sessions 1 ca uude wad RR WK ELE Ro ce E oa I Cen W CRM ROGA D ope 31 hn M 33 iv Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Introduction Thank you for purchasing the Drawmer Dynam ics plug in for Pro Tools HD systems Based in England Drawmer has a longstanding reputation for creating high
6. any associated gating will be more defined and the Gate s Threshold settings will be easier to optimize The Compressor Module The Compressor appears in both the Draw merECL and DrawmerGCL plug ins Features Wide Threshold range for accurate compres sion Auto adaptive Attack and Release for a more musical response Adjustable Ratio ranging from very gentle compression to absolute Limiting Soft knee for progressive and unobtrusive compression Automatic Gain Make up calculates the most suitable output Gain position for maximum data dynamic range Gain reduction meter Compressor The Compressor combines aspects of both tradi tional ratio style compressors and soft knee compressors making it equally adept at creative work and subtle level control Traditionally soft knee compressors have been preferable for subtle level control where the original sound is changed as little as possible Ratio type com pressors are generally considered better suited to creative applications where large amounts of gain reduction are required 18 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Compressor Parameters Threshold Control The Threshold control determines the input level above which gain reduction will be ap plied Threshold range is from 64 dB to 0 dB Soft knee compression takes place for signals ex ceeding the threshold level by up to 10 dB Above this level conventional ratio compres sion is applied R
7. compare aro ste A roy et Gate Parameters HF amp LF Key Filters These controls adjust the roll off frequencies of the Key filters The LF or low frequency filter ranges from 32 Hz to 4 KHz and attenuates sig nals below the cut off frequency at 12 dBs per octave The HF or high frequency filter ranges from 250 Hz to 16 kHz and attenuates signals above the cut off frequency When both filters are used only the frequency band between the two settings remains These controls do not overlap each other since this would produce very little audio output Side Chain Internal Control Setting this control to Side Chain enables side chain processing Side Chain processing permits triggering of the Gate by a mono source or Key input other than the gated material itself Setting this control to internal disables side chain pro cessing See Using the Side Chain Input in DrawmerGCL on page 24 for more informa tion Key Listen Normal Switch Set this toggle to Key Listen to monitor the au dio specified as the key input See Using the Side Chain Input in DrawmerGCL on page 24 for more information Threshold Control The Threshold control sets the level below which gating takes place the level at which the output of the Key Filter triggers the Gate Threshold ranges from 70 dB to O dB Setting this control fully counter clockwise closes the Gate Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 13 For most
8. developers This key can hold over 100 licenses for all of your iLok enabled software Once an iLok is au thorized for a given piece of software you can use the iLok to authorize that software on any computer Ay The iLok USB Smart Key is not supplied with your plug in or software option You can use the one included with certain Pro Tools systems such as Pro Tools HD series systems or purchase one separately Chapter 2 Installation 5 If you purchased a plug in online at the Digi Store www digidesign com you authorize the plug in by downloading licenses from iLok com to an iLok See the iLok Usage Guide for details or visit the iLok Web site www iLok com If you purchased a boxed version of a plug in you authorize the plug in by inserting the en closed License Card into an iLok Use the following instructions to authorize any plug ins that come with an iLok License Card Authorizing Plug Ins with an iLok and a License Card License Cards are specific to each plug in or soft ware option You will receive the appropriate Li cense Cards for the plug ins that you purchase License Cards have a small punch out plastic chip called a GSM cutout The authorization steps in this section must be repeated for each plug in you purchased For additional information about iLok tech nology and authorizations see the elec tronic PDF of the iLok Usage Guide To authorize a plug in with the iLok 1 Insert the i
9. true for acoustic guitar The filters can be used to reduce fret noise or a player s breathing Other applications of the filters include remov ing unpleasant overtones from direct injected instruments and warming up digital synthesizer sounds Tips For Using Key Inputs and Key Input Filtering Complicated Keying For a more intricate and musical key input com bine several tracks together by bussing them to Auxiliary Inputs Leaving Key Listen Enabled You can use the Gate as a simple filter by en abling Key Listen Key Filter Propagation Delay Key input filtering with high frequency attenu ation can cause a slight delay in the time the Gate takes to trigger Under most circumstances this will be imperceptible However when tran sient sounds are being processed with the HF Key Filter control set to a very low value some degradation of the attack transient may become apparent Consequently always set the HF Key Filter con trol to the highest possible value when process ing percussive sounds and set the Threshold as low as possible Cleaner Keying It is often useful to use a Drawmer Dynamic plug in to process the key input before it is used Good results can be achieved by using an Ex pander with the Compressor bypassed on the key input source This will give the key input source a more accentuated difference between Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 17 program and silence With a cleaner key input
10. HD cards Samples of Delay on Plug In Pro Tools HD Cards DrawmerECL 7 DrawmerGCL 7 30 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide appendix c Drawmer Dynamics Demo Sessions Several demo sessions are included with Draw mer Dynamics These sessions illustrate how to use the plug in during typical recording scenar ios Using the Demo Sessions Before opening a demo session you must have already installed and authorized the Drawmer Dynamics plug in To open a demo session 1 Locate and open the demo sessions folder Digidesign Drawmer Dynamics Drawmer Dy namics Demo Demo Sessions 2 Double click the desired demo session 3 When the session opens press the Spacebar to begin playback 4 Click Bypass to compare the track with and without dynamics processing About the Demo Sessions Following are brief descriptions of each demo session and the features they illustrate Gated Tones Demo This session illustrates keying of two different tone bursts from an existing short drum loop us ing the Gate The three channel session uses two Gates The key input is from the original drum track A The unprocessed audio in this session is very loud Turn down your monitoring sys tem if you plan to bypass the Gate Snare Demo This session illustrates a gated reverb effect us ing the Gate and a modified variation of Gate amp Comp Staccato setting with a reduced Gate Threshold to compensate
11. Limiter If the Compressor module is used with higher ratios it will function as a Limiter In addition to this feature there is a separate auto adaptive Peak Limiter This not only catches any peaks that a slow Compressor attack might pass through unprocessed but also lets the user set an absolute output signal level that will not be exceeded Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 21 Limiting is extremely valuable in digital record ing where an absolute maximum recording level exists When overdriven with Gain it can also be used creatively to produce deliberate level pumping effects Meters and Indicators Drawmer Dynamics provides several types of LED type signal meters and indicators Peak Input LED The Peak Input LED indicates peaks in input sig nals At 1 0 dB below digital full scale the LED is amber At 0 01 dB just below full scale input it is red If the Peak Input LED frequently flashes red the input signal is clipping and should be reduced 7y Input O Load Peak Input LED VU Meter The sixteen element LED VU Meter shows out put levels after processing Metering ranges from 60 dB below full scale to 0 dBfs Green LEDs indicate levels below 4 dB Yellow LEDs indicate levels from 3 dB to 1 dB An amber LED indicates 0 5 dB and turns red for peaks held at O dBfs 22 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide VU meter stereo Stereo Input Balance This control which appears only whe
12. a track s volume fader except when used on a Master Fader For this reason clipping can occur if you boost its gain to extremes This is particularly true on tracks recorded at high amplitude Watch on screen metering to identify and rectify clipping if it occurs Inserting Drawmer Dynamics on a Track To use Drawmer Dynamics in a Pro Tools ses sion add it to a track as an insert To show inserts in the Mix window m Choose View gt Mix Window gt Inserts To insert Drawmer Dynamics on a track 1 Click the Inserts selector on a track and select the plug in that you want to use 2 Click Play on the Transport to begin audio playback 3 Adjust the parameters of the plug in for the ef fect you want Shortcuts u For finer adjustments Control drag Win dows or Command drag Macintosh the de sired parameter Chapter 4 Using Drawmer Dynamics 23 m To return a control to its default value Alt click Windows or Option click Macintosh the control To remove Drawmer Dynamics from a track m Click the Insert selector and choose No Insert TDM plug in gt RTAS plug in gt io Removing Drawmer Dynamics Using the Side Chain Input in DrawmerGCL The side chain is the split off signal used by a plug in s detector to trigger dynamics process ing and is generally drawn internally from the input signal However some plug ins such as the DrawmerGCL let you switch between inter
13. can result in audible and possibly undesirable side effects due to the gain chang ing too quickly Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 11 Range Control The Range control sets the level to which the Ex pander will close once the input signal has fallen below the Threshold setting Range is from O dB no expansion to infinity dB In general use a much smaller range setting than you would with a Gate Bypass Switch The Bypass toggle switch bypasses the Ex pander Expander Gain Reduction GR Meter This ten element LED meter indicates from 0 dB to 90 dB of gain reduction The number of illu minated LEDs will change as the Range control is adjusted indicating the maximum gain re duction achievable Suggestions for Using the Expander The fastest way to begin using the Expander is to choose one of the presets in the Librarian menu See the DigiRack Plug Ins Guide for details Al ternatively create your own settings using the procedure that follows 12 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide To use the Expander 1 Bypass the Compressor by clicking the Com pressor Bypass toggle 2 Select the desired amount of reduction using the Range control 3 Set the Attack and Release controls based on the character of the audio material you want to expand For material with long legato release set a long Release For material with a lots of low frequency content set a slow Attack For sharp percussive sounds s
14. in Gate mode and the other in Duck the enve lope controls can be used to create interesting triggered panning effects simply by feeding a mono signal into left and right channels and setting the Range control to maximum attenua tion Difficult Material To Gate As with any Gate noise can only be removed during pauses in the desired material If noise contamination is serious enough to be evident even during moderately loud program material simple gating will do little to help In fact the very fact that the Gate produces silence during pauses can make the noise content of the pro gram material even more apparent In extreme cases restricting the Range of the Gate to about 15 dB will adequately reduce noise during pauses but not sufficiently to cause an unaccept ably dramatic change in noise level as the Gate opens and closes Creative Use of the Key Input Filters The Key input filters in the Gate may also be used to good effect in situations where the de sired audio does not occupy the full audio spec trum Conventional equalizers seldom have a sharp enough response to remove unwanted noise without also removing desired audio Used with electric guitar this produces little be low 100 Hz or above 3 kHz so setting the Gate to Key Listen mode will enable you to use the fil ters to exclude much of the amplifier hum at the low end and hiss at the top end while having lit tle effect on the sound of the guitar The same is
15. is enabled the Range control sets the level to which the signal will be reduced when open triggered For Ducking set this be tween 3 dB and 12 dB Gate Duck Control This toggle switch selects the Gate s mode of op eration In Gate mode a signal above the Threshold will cause the Gate to open In Duck mode the audio passes unattenuated until the signal exceeds the Threshold Ducking is mainly for applications such as voice overs or removal of pops and clicks Bypass Control The Bypass control bypasses the Gate Gate Envelope LED Meter This traffic light style LED shows the active state of the Gate envelope When the Gate is closed the red LED is lit When the Gate is open only the green and yellow LEDs are lit When the input signal falls below the threshold the yellow LED will light then fade over the duration of the release time In Duck mode the green LED indicates an un triggered resting state Suggestions for Using the Gate The fastest way to begin using the Expander is to choose one of the presets available in the Librar ian menu See the DigiRack Plug Ins Guide for details Alternatively create your own settings using the procedure that follows To use the Gate 1 Bypass the Compressor by clicking the Com pressor Bypass toggle 2 Choose the key input mode Side Chain or In ternal If you select Side Chain from the Side Chain Input pop up choose the input bus that carries the
16. quality industry standard analog and digital signal processing devices including microphone preamplifiers esoteric tube equipment equalizers and most significantly dynamics processors The Drawmer Dynamics plug in is a real time TDM plug in that retains the look and sound of Drawmer s renowned hardware units specifi cally the highly acclaimed Drawmer DS201 and DL241 There are two configuration of the Drawmer Dy namics plug in e DrawmerECL providing an Expander Compressor and Limiter DrawmerGCL providing a Gate Compres sor and Limiter Contents of the Boxed Version of Your Plug In Your Drawmer Dynamics plug in package con tains the following components nstallation CD ROM License card for installing Drawmer Dy namics plug ins with an iLok USB Smart Key not supplied Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide elec tronic PDF guide Registration information card Chapter 1 Introduction 1 System Requirements To use Drawmer Dynamics you need A Digidesign qualified Pro Tools HD system A Digidesign qualified Pro Tools HD system and a third party software application that sup ports the TDM plug in standard For complete system requirements visit the Digidesign Web site www Digidesign com A The Drawmer Dynamics plug in does not support sample rates above 96 kHz Compatibility Information Digidesign can only assure compatibility and provide support for hardware and softwa
17. signal delays are not long enough to be signifi cant and should not be a concern This signal delay is significant only if you use a plug in on one channel of a stereo or multi channel signal but not the others since this can cause the channels to be slightly out of phase Table 3 shows the delays inherent in each Draw mer Dynamics plug in Channel Delay Indicator The Channel Delay Indicator in the Mix win dow displays the total delay in samples in curred on the track from the use of any TDM plug in on that channel To see the amount of time delay on a track that uses plug in inserts m In the Mix window Control click Windows or Command click Macintosh the track s Vol ume Indicator to toggle between Volume vol Peak pk and Channel Delay dly indications Compensating For Delays Automatic Delay Compensation Pro Tools HD systems provide automatic Delay Compensa tion to compensate for signal processing de lays For details see the Pro Tools Reference Guide Manual Delay Compensation If it becomes neces sary to manually compensate for plug in delay use the TimeAdjuster plug in included with Pro Tools to offset other tracks as appropriate See the DigiRack Plug Ins Guide or the Pro Tools Reference Guide for more information on Time Adjuster DSP Delays Incurred by TDM Plug Ins 29 Drawmer Dynamics DSP Delay Table 3 Samples of delay incurred by each TDM plug in on Pro Tools
18. Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 9 Editing Parameters with a Computer Keyboard Each rotary control has a corresponding param eter text field directly below it This displays the current value of the parameter You can edit the numeric value of a parameter with your com puter keyboard To type a parameter value 1 Click on the parameter text that you want to edit 2 Change the value Type the desired value or To increase a value press the Up Arrow on your keyboard To decrease a value press the Down Arrow on your keyboard 3 Press Enter on the numeric keyboard to input the value and remain in keyboard editing mode Or Press Enter on the alpha keyboard Windows or Return Macintosh to enter the value and leave keyboard editing mode Ww To move from a selected parameter to the next parameter press the Tab key To move backward press Shift Tab Enabling Switches To enable a switch click on the switch 10 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Expander Module The Expander is part of the DrawmerECL plug in and is modelled on the Drawmer DL241 and DS201 hardware processors Features Auto adaptive attack and release for a more musical response Upward expansion capability with a wide Threshold Adjustable Ratio with soft knee options Gain reduction LED metering Expander A common problem with compression is that maximum gain compensation occurs during ex tremely quiet passages o
19. F Key Side chain controls in DrawmerGCL 3 To hear the audio source you have selected to control side chain input click Key Listen 4 To filter the side chain input so that only cer tain frequencies trigger the plug in set the LF Key Filter and HF Key Filter controls to the de sired frequency range 5 Begin playback Gating is now controlled by the input or bus you chose as a key input 6 Adjust the Noise Gate s Threshold to fine tune side chain triggering 7 Adjust other parameters to achieve the exact effect you want Using a Filtered Input Signal for Side Chain Processing To use the filtered input signal to trigger dynamics processing 1 Ensure the Key Input selector is set to No Key Input 2 Set the Key section to the Internal setting Internal Key Listen LF Key Filter HF Key Filter Side Chain section 3 To hear the audio source you have selected to control side chain input click Key Listen 4 To filter the side chain input so that only cer tain frequencies trigger the plug in set the LF Key Filter and HF Key Filter controls to the de sired frequency range 5 Begin playback The plug in uses the filtered input signal to trigger dynamics processing 6 To fine tune side chain triggering adjust the plug in controls Chapter 4 Using Drawmer Dynamics 25 26 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide DSP Requirements The number of TDM plug ins you can use at one time depends on how much DS
20. Lok into an available USB port on your computer 2 Launch Pro Tools You will be prompted to au thorize any installed unauthorized plug ins or software options Vy If you are already using a demo version of the plug in or software option launch Pro Tools before you insert the iLok then insert the iLok into any available USB port when prompted by Pro Tools 6 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide 3 Follow the on screen instructions until you are prompted to insert the License Card into the iLok 4 Separate the GSM cutout from the larger pro tective card by pulling it up and out with your thumb Do not force the cutout down with your finger 5 Insert the GSM cutout into the iLok Visually verify that the metal portion of the cutout makes contact with the iLok s metal card reader iLok with License Card 6 Follow the on screen instructions to complete the authorization process for each plug in 7 After the authorization has completed re move the GSM cutout from the iLok If you have to remove the iLok from the computer to remove the cutout be sure to re insert the iLok in any available USB port on your computer when you are finished Removing Expired Plug Ins If you let a demo version of a plug in expire you should remove it from your system Otherwise each time you open Pro Tools you will be prompted with a message that the plug in has expired Windows To remove an expired plug in 1 Click Start 2 Clic
21. P power is avail able in your system Since the TDM hardware on Pro Tools cards provide dedicated DSP for plug ins plug in performance isn t limited by CPU processing power The DSP tables in this appendix show the theo retical number of instances of each plug in that can be powered by a single DSP chip on Pro Tools HD cards DSP usage differs according to card type A DSP tables show the theoretical maximum performance when no other plug ins or sys tem tasks such as I O are sharing avail able DSP resources You will typically use more than one type of plug in simulta neously The data in these tables are pro vided as guidelines to help you gauge the relative efficiency of different plug ins on your system They are not guaranteed per formance counts that you should expect to see in typical real world sessions and usage There are a total of nine DSP chips on a Pro Tools HD card HD Core HD Process and HD Accel HD Core and HD Process cards pro vide identical chip sets HD Accel cards provide newer more powerful DSP chips making the HD Accel card ideal for DSP intensive plug ins and for high sample rate sessions Not all plug ins are supported on all types of chips The following tables indicate the number of compatible chips per card Using Multi Mono Plug Ins on Greater Than Stereo Tracks Plug ins used in multi mono format on greater than stereo tracks require one mono instance per channel of the multi c
22. This is acommon problem with noise gates es pecially when processing low frequency audio such as bass guitar or bass drum With a high threshold a low frequency sine wave will be ig nored as the signal starts from its zero level point As this wave climbs towards its peak the level will suddenly exceed the threshold setting At this point a very fast attack rate will switch the signal through the noise Gate with such a steep almost vertical leading edge that the low fre quency sound will have a single high frequency square wave added to its first cycle causing a click In cases like these start with a fast attack time and moderate threshold then gradually lengthen the attack time until the click disap pears when the Gate opens Performing Ducking Probably the most common form of Ducking is that used by radio announcers whereby the vol ume of the background music being played is dropped enabling them to speak over it In Duck mode the Gate module can perform this effect The music signal is routed to the input and the announcer s microphone signal is fed into the key input Be sure to set the key input to Side Chain 16 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide The Range control is used to set the level to which the music will drop when the Ducker is triggered from the key input The envelope con trols determine the rate at which the level will drop and then recover It is usual to select a me dium to fast Attack time so
23. atio Control The Ratio control sets the compression ratio ap plied after the 10 dB soft knee region of the Threshold is exceeded Ratio ranges from 1 1 1 to infinity This allows hard limiting with adjustable attack and release Attack Control The Attack control sets the rate at which the Compressor will respond to input signals that exceed the Threshold level setting Attack ranges from 100pS to 100 ms When Auto Attack and Release is enabled the control knobs have no effect Auto Attack amp Release Switch This toggle switch disables the Attack and Re lease rotary controls and instead optimizes the Attack and Release times to suit the dynamics of the material being processed Enabling this setting will often produce the sub tlest level control on signals with widely varying dynamics or complete mixes Release Control The Release control sets the rate at which gain returns to normal after the input signal level has fallen below the Threshold Release range is from 50 ms to 5 seconds With very long release settings the Compressor may not have enough time to recover between the signal peaks With very short release settings low frequency signals will have a tendency to distort as the Compressor tries to release on the signal sine wave Gain Control The Gain control has two functions depending on the current state of the Auto Gain Make up toggle switch When Auto Gain Make up is on the control has a cen
24. audio you want to use to trigger gat ing 3 To hear the key input audio source you have selected to control gating click Key Listen 4 To filter the key input so that only certain fre quencies trigger the plug in set the LF Key Filter and HF Key Filter controls to the desired fre quency range 5 Begin playback Gating is now controlled by the input bus you chose as a key input 6 Select the desired amount of reduction using the Range control Typically set this fully counter clockwise 7 Set the Attack Hold and Release controls For material with long legato release use a long Re lease time For material with a lot of low fre quency content use a slow Attack 8 Adjust the Threshold control until the the ver tical VU meter and the LED meters show gating activity As a rule the Threshold should be about 3 dB below the average input level to see and hear the dynamic processing Additional Tips for Effective Gating Initially set the LF Key Filter fully counter clockwise and the HF Key Filter fully clockwise This lets you hear the full audio spectrum of the key input Set the Range control fully counter clockwise and Key Listen to Normal With the Release control set at its midway posi tion and with suitable program material fed into the Gate module increase the Threshold level from its counter clockwise position until the Gate starts to operate This will be indicated by the LEDs Pauses in the program shoul
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26. d now be silent If the Threshold setting is too high the Gate will start to cut out desired audio If so ad just it as low as possible If the ends of sounds are obviously being trun cated a longer Release time may help On the other hand if unwanted noise is audible after the desired audio has ended a shorter Release time is more appropriate Filtering Out Noise There may be circumstances when the program material contains unwanted random noise or other sounds For example in a multi miked drum kit set up hi hat will inevitably leak into the snare microphone snare drum will leak into the kick drum microphone and so on Similarly when processing audio recorded on location you may experience problems due to wind or traffic noise or close by conversation If the unwanted noise is different in pitch to the desired audio it is often possible using Key Lis ten to use the filters to tune in to the wanted sound while excluding as much of the un wanted sound as possible Used carefully these filters can significantly decrease false triggering of the Gate Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 15 Adjusting Attack Time Effectively The Attack control has a very wide range At its fastest it can open instantaneously Conversely setting the Gate attack time too fast on material with a slow or moderate attack can cause clicks particularly if the Threshold has to be set high because of excessive background noise
27. et a short Attack 4 Setthe Ratio control based on the character of the audio material Try a maximum setting of 2 5 1 for vocals and higher ratios for dynamic full mix material 5 Adjust the Threshold control until the the ver tical VU meter and the Expander Gain Reduc tion GR meter begin to light Asa rule the Threshold should be between 6 dB to 10 dB below the average input level Use a section of audio material with pauses and adjust the threshold to be as low a dB level as possible while still attenuating the noise during pauses Listen carefully to how the sounds come in after the pauses and how cleanly they fade away again If the Expander changes the sound in an unacceptable way the Threshold is probably set too high The Gate Module The Gate is part of the DrawmerGCL plug in It is based on the highly acclaimed Drawmer DS201 hardware dynamics processor which was instrumental in creating many recording effects that have become industry standard practice such as the Gated reverb and enhanced percus sive kick drums Features Variable high pass and low pass filters for fre quency conscious gating Comprehensive envelope control with attack hold release and range Ultra fast response time Comprehensive side chain filtering Key listen capability for monitoring the effect of the Key Filter LEDs for clear indication of Gate status Duck mode for voice overs M ET mense
28. f background noises during pauses and quiet passages Unless the noise problem is serious the Expander can attenuate this noise to a very high degree without compromising the desired audio signal Attack Times The longer the attack time the longer the Com pressor takes to respond to increases in signal level and a slow attack time is often used to ac centuate the beginning of percussive or plucked sounds such as drums basses and guitars a long attack time can also permit peaks to pass unat tenuated The limiter will pick these up so it is quite common with slow attack times to see in creased limiter activity A fast attack time will bring the input signal under control very quickly Pumping Pumping refers to heavy compression with incor rectly set envelope parameters This results in very audible gain changes when the compressor attacks and releases It is often an indication that the release time is too long Release time should be set short enough so that the gain has returned to normal before the next signal peak occurs and in general it should be set as short as possible before audible gain pumping occurs In most cases an output of O dBfs is the opti mum output level Lower output levels can be set using the Limiter Threshold You might want to do this so that later inserts can better receive an optimized signal level at their input If so set the Peak Limiter Level to the desired output value then adjust the Co
29. fficient The main vocal track utilizes the Expander to re move headphone spill background noise Try inverting the Gate Duck switch of one of the Gates This will result in distinct panning of the outputs during the duration of the vocal track 32 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Extra Clean Key amp Drum Demo This session illustrates keying of a short drum loop from a composite track of mixed sine wave tones The tone mix is first cleaned using the Ex pander assigned to the first mixer insert button This audio is then used as a key input The result is a cleaner key signal for the Gate This demo includes automation that shows how you can vary the Threshold parameter to ignore a key input Clean amp Dirty Drums Demo This session illustrates three different styles of processing using both the Gate and the Ex pander There are three audio tracks each of which demonstrates a different effect The left audio channel Rhythm L carries the original scratchy audio The DrawmerGCL plug in is loaded in a bypassed state Adjusting the Gate Threshold to about 20 dB will allow the rest of the drum track to pass through the plug in The right audio channel Rhythm gt R car ries the audio after being bounced and pro cessed This channel has a DrawmerECL plug in that once enabled demonstrates Upward Ex pansion This shows how to add more life to a track that suffers from an over squashed d
30. for low signal level Notice how the reverberated sound is shortened Imagine that the reverb could also be high level noise Gate Release greatly affects the output Noise Removal Demo This session illustrates how to use the Expander to effectively remove excessive background hiss from a short drum loop Use the Bypass button to compare the processed and unprocessed au dio Appendix C Drawmer Dynamics Demo Sessions 31 Wrong amp Right Demo This session illustrates the right and wrong way to use a Gate The same bass guitar audio ap pears on two tracks Both tracks have the same Gate assigned but each has differing parameter settings Notice that using the wrong Threshold Attack Hold and Release settings can give very poor results from low frequency signals Use Solo and Mute to compare the effect of the right and wrong settings VoxOver Demo This session illustrates how to use the Gate to perform ducking Note how the levels of the music tracks are attenuated whenever the vocal track comes in This technique is frequently used in radio film and commercial voice overs or anywhere that automatic control over back ground pad level is required Note that one audio source the vocal track is used to trigger two separate mono backing tracks by positioning the key selector switch centrally In reality the amount of ducking in this demo is excessive and often as little as 3 dB of attenuation may be su
31. hannel audio format For example a multi mono plug in used on a 5 1 format track requires six mono instances since there are six audio channels in the 5 1 for mat Monitoring DSP Usage The System Usage window Window gt System Usage shows how much DSP is available in your system and how it is being used in the current Pro Tools session For more information about DSP usage and allocation see the Pro Tools Reference Guide DSP Requirements 27 Drawmer Dynamics DSP Requirements The Drawmer plug ins have the following DSP requirements HD Accel Card Table 2 Maximum instances of plug ins per DSP chip for an HD Accel card at different sample rates mono and stereo Sample Rate 44 1 48 kHz 88 2 96 kHz Compatible sei Pere Accel Plug In Mono Stereo Mono Stereo DrawmerECL 8 4 4 2 9 DrawmerGCL 8 4 4 2 9 HD Core and HD Process Cards Table 3 Maximum instances of plug ins per DSP chip for an HD Core or HD Process card at different sample rates mono and stereo Sample Rate 44 1 48 kHz 88 2 96 kHz A d gt ee hg Corear Plug In Mono Stereo Mono Stereo DrawmerECL 4 2 2 1 9 DrawmerGCL 4 2 2 1 9 28 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide appendix b DSP Delays Incurred by TDM Plug Ins Virtually all TDM plug ins incur some amount of signal delay If you are working with mono tracks or are pro cessing all channels with the same plug in the
32. htly above the residual noise floor Expander Parameters Threshold Control The Threshold control sets the level below which expansion starts to take place Threshold range is from 70 dB to 12 dB Setting this control above 0 dB permits upwards expansion where over compressed material can be re expanded Ratio Control The Ratio control sets the amount of attenua tion applied to the signal as it decreases below the Threshold level Ratio range is from 1 1 1 to 50 1 At 1 1 1 the Ex pander closes only slightly an input signal that is 10dB below the Threshold setting will be out put at 11 dB At 50 1 the Expander functions like a Gate an input signal that is 2 dB below the Threshold setting will be reduced by 100 dB To enable the Expander s ability to automati cally adapt its settings to audio material turn the Ratio control fully clockwise until either the Soft or Softer setting appears Attack Control The Attack control sets the rate at which the Ex pander opens from a closed state Attack speed ranges from 100 uS 0 0001 seconds to 1 5 sec onds A very fast attack time can sometimes pro duce audible clicks on low frequency signals Release Control The Release control determines the speed at which the Expander closes to the Range setting once the input signal has fallen below the Threshold level Release ranges from 50 ms to 2 5 seconds With slow legato audio material very fast re lease times
33. k Control Panel 3 Double click Add or Remove Programs 4 Select the expired plug in from the list of in stalled applications 5 Click the Change Remove button 6 Click OK to remove the plug in 7 When removal is complete close the Add or Remove Programs window Mac OS X To remove an expired plug in 1 Open the Plug Ins folder on your Startup drive Library Application Support Digidesign 2 Drag the expired plug in to the Trash 3 Empty the Trash Chapter 2 Installation 7 8 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Drawmer Dynamics Parameters This chapter explains the parameters of the Drawmer Dynamics Expander Gate and Com pressor modules wos BT Drawmerect_ _ _oypass_ TOM Eon aru a ne se Ton v EXPANDER Threshold DrawmerECL plug in o EL_steotory setau compare auto safe E RAWMER DrawmerGCL plug in Adjusting Parameters The Drawmer Dynamics plug in allows several methods of parameter adjustment Editing Parameters with a Mouse Click and Drag You can adjust rotary controls with a mouse by dragging horizontally or vertically Parameter values increase as you drag upward or to the right and decrease as you drag downward or to the left Increment 8 Decrement For incremental parameter adjustment click the up or down increment buttons at the right of each parameter text box Using the increment and decrement buttons Chapter 3
34. mpressor Auto or man ual Gain control to ensure minimum Limiter ac tivity Peak Limiter Bypass The Peak Limiter has no bypass control How ever turning the Level control fully clockwise will prevent virtually all limiting To use the Limiter while effectively bypassing the Com pressor turn the Compressor Threshold fully counter clockwise to its maximum of 0 dB Then set the Ratio to its lowest setting of 1 1 1 if Gain Make Up is set to manual Set the Gain to O dB if Auto Gain is enabled Compensating for Apparent Dullness in Compressed Material Compression can sometimes seem to have the effect of dulling audio material Most of the en ergy in typical broadband music is contained within the bass range This high energy causes the Compressor to operate causing any quieter high frequency sounds occurring at the same time to be reduced in level That is why the cym bals and hi hats in a heavily compressed drum track seem to dip in level whenever a loud bass drum or snare drum beat occurs The solution is to use less compression or in crease the attack time to allow the leading edge of the brighter sounds to pass through the Com pressor before gain reduction occurs Though the semi soft knee compression systems used in Drawmer Dynamics modules tend to minimize this effect in extreme cases it may be necessary to add a little artificial brightness to the pro cessed sound using equalization or some form of exciter The
35. n Draw mer Dynamics is used in stereo lets you correct an imbalance between stereo input images with out introducing any gain Stereo dynamic con trol is best achieved with a mix that is equally centered Input Balance 3 Stereo Input Balance control The LEDs show relative input balance and how far off center the incoming stereo mix is A per fectly matching stereo input should produce vir tually no LED activity regardless of audio level When centered the Stereo Input Balance con trol has no effect Moving the control to the left attenuates the right input signal by up to 6 dB and pans the image to the left Moving the fader to the right attenuates the left input signal by up to 6 dB and pans the image to the right Peak input LEDs appear at both ends of the meter chapter 4 Using Drawmer Dynamics Drawmer Dynamics is a real time TDM plug in It processes audio non destructively in real time It does not alter the original source audio but only applies its effects during playback Using Plug Ins as Inserts To use the Drawmer Dynamics plug in you must insert it in line on an audio track Auxil iary Input or a Master Fader When more than one insert is used on a track they process the audio in series each effect be ing added to the previous one from top to bot tom in the Mix window Pre Fader Operation Drawmer Dynamics functions as a pre fader in sert meaning that its level is not affected by
36. nd decrement buttons 9 input signal filtering with side chain filters 25 inserting plug ins on a track 27 inserts 23 Installing Drawmer Dynamics 5 internal side chain processing 24 K Key Input using effectively 17 Key Input Filters parameters 13 propagation delay 17 using effectively 17 Key Listen 17 Key Listen Normal parameter 13 keyboard shortcuts 23 L LF Key Filter 13 License Card 6 Limit Threshold parameter 19 Limiter 21 N noise background 20 filtering 15 P package contents 1 Peak Input LED 22 Peak Limiter 21 plug ins as inserts 23 pre fader operation 23 registration 2 removing 24 pre fader insert operation 23 pumping 21 34 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide R Range parameter 12 14 Ratio parameter 11 18 registration 2 Release parameter 11 14 19 removing Drawmer Dynamics 24 removing expired plug ins Windows 7 rotary controls adjusting 9 S side chain filters 24 side chain processing 24 Side Chain Internal parameter 13 Stereo Input Balance parameter 22 System Usage window 27 T TDM plugins DSP requirements 27 technical support 3 Threshold parameter 11 13 18 V VU meter 22 Ww www digidesign com 3 2 digidesign www digidesign com A divsion of Aviel g 9 DIGIDESIGN TECHNICAL SUPPORT USA 2001 Junipero Serra Boulevard Tel 650 731 6100 Daly City CA 94014 3886 USA Fax 650 731 6384 Tel 650 731 6300 Fax 650 731 6399 PRODUCT INFORMATION USA Tel 650 731 6102 F
37. ndows Click with the right mouse button The following symbols are used to highlight im portant information w User Tips are helpful hints for getting the most from your Pro Tools system A Important Notices include information that could affect your Pro Tools session data or the performance of your Pro Tools system Shortcuts show you useful keyboard or mouse shortcuts Cross References point to related sections in the Pro Tools Guides About www digidesign com The Digidesign Web site www digidesign com is your best source for information to help you get the most out of your Pro Tools system The following are just a few of the services and fea tures available Registration Register your purchase online See the enclosed registration form for details Support Contact Digidesign Technical Support or Customer Service download software up dates and the latest online manuals browse the Compatibility documents for system require ments search the online Answerbase join the worldwide Pro Tools community on the Digi design User Conference Training and Education Become a certified Pro Tools Operator or Expert study on your own using courses available online or find out how you can learn in a classroom setting at a certified Pro Tools Training Center Products and Developers Learn about Digidesign products download demo software learn about our Development Partners and their plug ins
38. noise removal applications set the Threshold as low as is possible so that none of the desired signal is lost Attack Control The Attack control sets the rate at which the Gate opens from a closed state Attack ranges from 20 uS about 1 sample to 1 7 seconds A very fast attack time can sometimes produce audible clicks on low frequency signals Hold Control The Hold control determines the amount of time the Gate is held open after the signal falls below the Threshold setting Hold range is from 2 ms to 2 2 seconds Hold helps prevent spuri ous re triggering of the Gate when using fast re lease times It is also useful for creating the clas sic gated reverb sound often applied to drums The Hold cycle starts when the Threshold is crossed Audio material with slow attacks re quires the Hold setting to be at least as long as the Attack setting for it to complete its attack cy cle Release Control The Release control determines the speed at which the Gate closes to the Range setting after the input signal has fallen below the Threshold level Release range is from 1 ms to 9 seconds Longer releases help retain the original enve lopes of the gated audio Range Control The Range control sets the level to which the Gate closes after the input signal has fallen be low the Threshold setting 14 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide The range is from 0 dB no gating to infinity fully gated or no signal When Ducking
39. ontrol should be used to ensure that the Peak Limiter operates rarely if at all Alternatively you can deliberately drive it into limiting for creative effects Limit Gain Reduction Meter This five element LED style meter indicates from 1 dB to 16 dB of gain reduction The meter scale has been designed so that more sensitive amounts of limiting are displayed rather than the maximum available Chapter 3 Drawmer Dynamics Parameters 19 Bypass Compressor and Limiter Switch This toggle switch bypasses the Compressor and Peak Limiter Normally it is used to compare the unprocessed signal with the processed signal Suggestions for Using the Compressor The fastest way to begin using the Expander is to choose one of the presets available in the Librar ian menu See the DigiRack Plug Ins Guide for details Alternatively create your own settings using the procedure that follows To use the Compressor 1 Bypass the Gate or Expander by clicking their Bypass toggle 2 Turn on Auto Attack amp Release 3 Turn on Auto Gain Make up 4 Set the Limiter control fully clockwise 5 Set the Ratio control For vocals try 2 5 1 or less For full mixes use even less For dynamic single tracks use more 6 Adjust the Threshold control until the the ver tical VU meter and the Compressor Gain Reduc tion GR meter show activity As a rule the Threshold should be 6 dB to 10 dB below the av erage input level to hear much change
40. r during pauses This re sults in an increase of background noise the de gree of which depends on the amount of compression applied The accepted way of dealing with this problem is to use an Expander for low level gating that keeps quiet passages or pauses in the material clean A problem with simple expanders is that they may undesirably process low level audio signals since the expander has no way of differ entiating low level audio signals from noise On a vocal track for example this can lead to the start or ending of words being accidentally removed especially if the singer has a wide dy namic range Auto Adaptive Expansion The Expander has the ability to automatically adapt its settings to audio material This mode of operation is enabled by turning the Ratio control fully clockwise to the Soft or Softer set ting It automatically varies ratio and release time depending on the dynamics of the signal being processed The Expander s transition from unity gain to maximum gain reduction is then dependant on how far the input level exceeds the threshold setting Because the onset of expansion is progressive low level signals will be processed with a lower ratio of expansion while the residual noise dur ing pauses will be processed with a higher ratio of expansion resulting in greater attenuation This makes the Expander easier to use effectively and more likely to preserve desired audio signals that are only slig
41. re it has tested and approved For a list of Digidesign qualified computers op erating systems hard drives and third party de vices refer to the latest compatibility informa tion on the Digidesign Web site www digidesign com compato 2 Drawmer Dynamics Plug Ins Guide Register Your Plug Ins If you purchase a plug in online from the Digi Store www digidesign com using Internet Acti vation you are automatically registered If you purchase a plug in boxed version check the enclosed information card for information about how to register online Registered users will receive periodic software update and upgrade notices Please refer to the Digidesign Web site www digidesign com or the registration card for information on technical support Working with Plug Ins Besides the information provided in this guide refer to the DigiRack Plug Ins Guide for general information on working with plug ins includ ing Inserting Plug Ins on Tracks Clip Indicators The Plug In Window Adjusting Parameters Automating Plug Ins Using the Librarian Conventions Used in This Guide All Digidesign guides use the following conven tions to indicate menu choices and key com mands Convention Action File gt Save Choose Save from the File menu Control N Hold down the Control key and press the N key Control click Hold down the Control key and click the mouse button Right click Wi
42. ter zero and is used as a fine trim for optimum output level This should be centered at O dBfs but can be reduced up to 9 dB or driven harder in which case the signal will hit the Limiter When Auto Gain Make Up is turned on the gain control becomes a 9 dB trim In manual mode up to 36 dB of gain compensation can be added for level changes caused by Compression In the signal path this control comes before the Peak Limiter detector This fact should be taken into account when setting the Peak limiter threshold Driving the gain too hard will often produce excessive limiting Auto Gain Make Up Switch With Auto Gain Make Up on Gain Make Up is adjusted automatically when the Compressor s Threshold Attack and Ratio or Limiter Thresh old are adjusted so that the output level is as close as possible to the Limit Threshold A When set to extremes the Auto Gain Make up feature cannot restore enough gain to make back all the level that would be re quired to repair excessive Compression Compressor Gain Reduction Meter This nine element LED style meter indicates from O dB to 30 dB of gain reduction Limit Threshold Control The Limit Threshold control sets an absolute limit in decibels that the output signal is not al lowed to exceed This control is normally left in its fully clockwise position where preventative limiting will sometimes occur with audio mate rial containing high level peaks The Compressor Gain c
43. that the music level drops rapidly as soon as the announcer begins to speak with a slow Release time of a second or so This will bring the music level back up slowly and smoothly Some Hold time will help pre vent chattering when the voice on the key in put pauses to breathe This technique can also be used to reduce the level of other instruments during a solo Besides voice over applications the Duck func tion of the Gate module can also be used to treat a signal where the peaks are too loud and re quire attenuating In this application Duck and Side Chain key input modes should be selected and the Range control adjusted to give the de sired attenuation to signals above the Threshold setting In extreme cases the ducking action may be used to attenuate signal peaks and by careful use of the filters it may be possible to re move a snare drum from a drum mix or clicks and pops from a recording For most ducking applications the lowest prac tical Threshold setting must be used Using a Stereo Gate When using the Gate on a stereo signal be aware that the control signal is derived by aver aging the left audio channel with the right au dio channel Where one channel differs signifi cantly from another in a stereo track better results may be obtained if the channels are treated as two mono channels For a side chain key signal the control is always a mono signal By setting up a stereo plug in with one channel
44. y namic range The center channel carries audio that has been over processed This shows the kind of ef fect that can be achieved with this type of dou ble pass processing A adjusting parameters 9 Attack parameter 11 14 18 adjusting 16 Auto Attack and Release 18 authorizing plug ins 6 Auto Gain Make Up parameter 19 auto adaptive expansion 11 Auto Attack and Release 18 boxed version 1 Bypass parameter 12 14 20 c clipping levels 23 Compressor 18 features 18 parameters 18 suggestions for using 20 Compressor Gain Reduction Meter 19 D decrement buttons 9 delay DSP induced delays 29 demo sessions 31 Clean amp Dirty Drums 32 Extra Clean Key amp Drum 32 Gated Tones 31 Noise Removal 31 Snare 31 VoxOver 32 Wrong amp Right 32 DrawmerECL 1 DrawmerGCL 1 DSP delays inherent in plug ins 29 DSP requirements 27 ducking 16 E editing parameters moving to the next field 10 Expander 10 auto adaptive expansion 11 features 10 parameters 11 suggestions for using 12 external side chain processing 24 F filtering noise 15 G Gain parameter 19 gain reduction 20 Gain Reduction Meter 12 Gate 13 features 13 gating difficult material 17 parameters 13 suggestions for using 15 using in stereo 16 Gate Envelope LED meter 14 Gate Duck parameter 14 guide conventions 3 H help 3 HF amp LF Key Filters 13 Hold parameter 14 Index 33 I iLok 6 increment a
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