TRACE-LOCATOR P-410 MASTER USER`S MANUAL
Contents
1. and prea at the same time In this mode MENU will display additional points 1 SET DEPTH Depth Tuning Function 2 DEFAULTS Restore Factory Settings Function Set SET DEPTH mode on the trace locator and pre then follow instructions displayed on LCD 1 Set the device above the trace and press OK set the device vertically at the tag point above the trace Pic 9 2 a press ot Tuning takes about 5 sec 2 Lift up the device at 50 sm and press OK lift up the device 50 sm above the tag level vertically Pic 9 2 b press 29 Tuning takes about 5 sec When the tuning is done the trace locator will be working on personal setting Set LEVEL mode on the trace locator and make sure that the displayed depth meaning matches the known depth h If necessary you may go back to factory settings In MENU choose DEFAULTS and press or Confirm using the factory settings DEFAULTS YES NO schoosing YES 3 lift up the device 50 cm above the tag level vertically set the device vertically at the tag point above the trace h 50 cm h Trace Pic 9 2 Trace locator position when tuning the depth 21 10 SHIPPING and STORAGE For shipping trace locators must be done carefully packed according to the shipping rules and regulations BEFORE LONG TIME SHIPPING TO AVOID THE DAMAGE TAKE THE BATTERIES OUT o BEFORE LONG TIME STORAGE THE BATTERIES MUST BE FULLY CHARGED WARNIN2. 9 3 1 To test the trace locator you need to charge the battery and then unplug the adapter Then connect the wire as shown in the pic 9 1 wire 3 118 1kOhm Le Pic 9 1 Diagram of the trace locator testing n gt 9 3 2 Sensitivity measuring of trace locator Place the trace locator vertically on the wire as shown in pic 7 2 Set LEVEL mode on the trace locator and set sensitivity at 44 dB Set the generator at 19 2187 5 Hz 0 5 Hz and output signal level at 70 points The resistor voltage measured with millivoltmeter must be at 200 mV Set PHASE 6 kHz mode on the trace locator and sensitivity at 44 dB Set the generator at 6562 5 Hz 1 Hz and output signal level at 70 points The resistor voltage measured with millivoltmeter must be at 2 V Set LF HF 273 Hz mode on the trace locator and sensitivity at 44 dB Set the generator at 273 5 Hz 0 5Hz and output signal level at 70 points The resistor voltage measured with millivoltmeter must be at 1 B 9 3 3 Frequency of maximum measuring Set LEVEL mode on the trace locator on the generator Set the generator at 2187 5 Hz 0 5 Hz and set sensitivity on the trace locator at 50 90 points changing the frequency define the maximum meaning of the signal level The defined frequency measured with the frequency meter must fit the meaning in Table 3 Set PHASE 6 kHz mode on the trace locator on the generator Set the generator at 6562 5 Hz and set sensitivity on the trace
3. be defined in a few seconds Pic 1 a but the level indicator wouldn t look as a pointer Settle the required direction pressing F Pic 1 b then the indicator will be displayed as a pointer again Pic 2 shows the position of the trace locator above the trace as displayed When the pointer is in the middle of the cross point you can measure the depth piama Pic 3 Map Depth F Pic 3 The position when measuring of the depth is available 10 MENU eye P 410 MASTER Pic 2 Cable MAP a the right cable is on the right side of the device signal from the transmitter goes straight on through the cable b the right cable is on the left 7 2 LEVEL Mode Use LEVEL mode to define the trace with permanent digital monitoring of the signal level with 2187 5 Hz frequency depth and signal current Set LEVEL mode on the trace locator Function key F Depth Signal current Frequency signal level 2187 5 Hz Pic 4 LEVEL mode Do tracing at maximum signal level Maximum method of indicating helps you to determine approximate trace location To gain more accurate measurement use the minimum method mode maximum minimum Signal level fi level trace locator position aiid ca position WEN ne e tace trace Pic 5 Dependence of the signal level on the trace locator position and the search mode 2 At weak signal depth and signal current are
4. G Make sure that the condition in the storage rooms or warehouses satisfy the requirements for storing the devices and doesn t have any dust aggressive gas acids or harmful crud that could cause rusting 11 PRECIOUS METALS The device does not include any precious metals 12 WARRANTY Manufacturer guarantees operating capacity of the trace locator within the warranty period only if all the required operating storage shipping conditions are carefully observed Warranty period 24 months from the sale date Warranty does not cover the battery and charger Manufacturer Address RUSSIA POBox 43100 SVPRIBOR 170043 TVER tel 7 4822 41 29 91 72 52 76 51 50 72 fax 7 4822 41 29 91 E mail support svpribor ru http www svpribor ru 13 TEST CERTIFICATE P 410 MASTER S N satisfies all the technical conditions and admitted and fits for service Manufacture Date 2008 Factory Representative signature 22
5. NTAL SPECIFICATION e Operation temperature 20 50 C e Relative air humidity to 90 at 30 C e Air pressure 86 106 kPa 3 4 5 SPECIFICATION Active Frequency 6562 5 1 Hz 2187 5 1 Hz 273 5 0 5 Hz Bandwidth Amplitude 3 dB lt for frequency 6562 5 Hz 45 Hz for frequency 2187 5 Hz 15 Hz for frequency 273 5 Hz 2 5 Hz Depth 6m Depth Measurement Accuracy 5 10 cm Trace location accuracy 10 cm Trace locating of insulation interruption with transitional 0 100 kOhm resistance Spectrum Frequency Range 10 20 000 Hz Battery life continuous operation 13h Battery Type 4 Ni Mh AA type 2 3 A h Charging Time lt 4h Dimensions 257x88x685 mm Weight with the battery 1 9 kg SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES Ne Name Pieces 1 _ P 410 MASTER 1 2 Charge adapter 12 V 0 5 A 1 3 _ User s manual 1 4 Headphones 1 5 Headphones Bag 1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION and DEVICE CONSTRUCTION 5 1 Principle Of Operation P 410 MASTER Trace Locator is a signal receiver for searching of underground lines their depth and signal current and also the locating of cable interruption In active search mode Map Level LF HF 273 Hz or Phase 6 kHz modes transmitter is the source ofthe sound frequency signal that being connected to core ofthe searched cable Alternating current produces a magnetic field that induces i Amplitude and phase contactle
6. TRACE LOCATOR P 410 MASTER USER S MANUAL 1 SVPRIBOR P 410 MASTER CONTENTS 1 FUNCTION 4 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATION 4 3 SPECIFICATION J 4 SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES 5 5 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION and DEVICE CONSTRUCTION 5 5 1 Principle Of Operation 5 5 2 Device Construction 6 6 PREPARING TO WORK 6 6 1 Getting started 6 6 2 LCD and Menu 7 6 3 Sensitivity and Auto sensitivity 8 7 TRACING 9 7 1 MAP Mode 9 7 2 LEVEL Mode 11 7 3 Trace search at the bottleneck of supply lines 12 7 4 Branch Lines Search 14 7 5 SPECTRUM mode 14 8 DEFECT TRACING 15 8 1 Defect Tracing With Amplitude Methods 15 8 2 Defect tracing in insulation by phase method 16 8 3 Defect tracing in coat insulation of FOL 18 8 4 Short circuit in Cable Core Tracing 18 8 5 Defining interrupts in cable core 18 8 6 Defining interrupts in ropes or pipelines 18 9 DEVICE TESTING 19 9 1 Conditions 19 9 2 Means of Testing 19 9 3 Testing 19 9 4 Depth measuring tuning 20 10 SHIPPING and STORAGE 22 if PRECIOUS METALS 22 12 WARRANTY 22 13 TEST CERTIFICATE 22 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FUNCTION Trace locator P 410 MASTER was carefully designed to help with Trace searching verifying the underground and open cable lines open transmission lines and power cables metal cords and pipelines water oil and gas pipelines supply pipelines that have metallic coat
7. at incorrect meaning of the signal current appears only if the trace locator is exactly above the trace You can find detailed description of depth and signal current measuring in article 7 2 LF HF method This method is based on the fact that the HF induced signal in parallel or near by supply lines is higher that in LF Comparison of the signal levels at these frequencies allows determining the right cable at fine precision Function key F Deferent signal level Frequency signal level 273 Hz Pic 7 7 LF HF mode Set LF HF 273 Hz mode on the trace locator Set LF HF mode on the transmitter e Fix trace locator exactly above the trace e Specify the signal level in the scale range e Null the meaning of the level difference pressing F 13 Moving along the trace the meaning of the level difference will be progressively increasing a few dB by 100 m because of different or unequal signal propagation at 273 Hz and 2187 5 Hz frequencies in the cable Big difference increase will be displayed when a wrong cable is detected The meaning is correct regardless of switching the modes till the device is off 7 4 Branch Lines Search Set LEVEL mode on the trace locator Do tracing as described in article 7 1 Do the branch lines searching setting the trace locator parallelly the trace as shown in pic 7 8 In this case the signal level from the right cable is minimum Pic 7 8 b and the branch lines w
8. device is off Function key F Difference signal level Frequency signal level 273 Hz Pic 8 1 LF HF 273 Hz mode 8 2 Defect tracing in insulation by phase method Phase method is used to trace the defects in insulation coat of cables where metallic coating is missing as well as for tracing the defect in insulation coating of fiber optic links FOL Method is based on the principle that before the defect location current in cable consists of capacitive current and resistive current leakage in the place of defect When the place of defect is passed current in cable has only capacitive constituent and the phase of the signal current changes Pic 8 2 The sensitivity of this method is lower than at contact method and depends on linear capacitance of the cable as well as on the leakage location The lower cumulative capacity in a certain piece after leakage of cable is the higher the sensitivity will be Maximum sensitivity equals 1 deviation in phase signal which helps to define the leakage up to 50 kOhm at 100 nF capacity in a certain piece after leakage It s important to remember that at this level the signal reduces and at the very end of the cable the meter may point low signal level where method doesn t work Keep controlling the deviation in phase signal in the pre taken trace Set LF HF mode on the transmitter Connect the outlet of the transmitter with the 1 wire to the cable core and ground the 2 wire Gro
9. e right cable and fix the direction of the cable The signal level indicator would look as a pointer and it would stay like this till you move along the right cable If you move opposite direction you ll hear a beep and the pointer will be redirected The same thing happens if you switch to the near by line If the trace location is unknown then choose the cable with the maximum signal level the most correct results are gained at LF HF 273 Hz mode in the trace locator and LF HF in transmitter Place the trace locator above this cable and fix the direction If this is the right cable the rest of the cable would cause redirection If this is the wrong cable then only the signal from the right cable will redirect the pointer At a low signal the pointer showing the direction starts blinking If in 30 sec the level of the signal doesn t increase the given direction will be lost and the level indicator will be displayed as a straight line In this case you must set up a new direction Current Measuring Method This method is based on the fact that the current meaning from the induced signal in the near by or parallel supply lines is lower than in the cable connected to the transmitter You can use any process mode for the transmitter Set LEVEL mode on the trace locator Fix the trace locator above the cable set the regular level of the signal and you ll see the signal current displayed You should remember th
10. efect locations go back to the previous position and re measure At 20 deg level you ll hear a beep 17 8 3 Defect tracing in coat insulation of FOL To trace low Ohm defects amplitude method is the most appropriate effective In complicated cases phase and HF LF methods could be used Defect tracing in coat insulation of FOL is implemented when moving along the trace and similar to defect tracing in copper cable insulation Also remember that in this case all the mentioned methods are less sensitive because linear capacity of the FOL coating is much higher than in the copper cable As a rule sensitivity lt kOhm units 8 4 Short circuit in Cable Core Tracing Connect the transmitter to the defective cable core It s recommended to work on the shortest piece of cable to reduce spurious signal through the cable capacity Preferably to locate the defect closer to the distant end of the cable located aside from the transmitter Short circuit is defined by the sharp decreasing of the signal level so make sure to control the depth You can also define short circuit by decreasing the signal current The most correct results are gained at LF HF 273 Hz mode in the trace locator and LF HF in transmitter but you should remember that the signal level in this case will be much lower That s why you should firstly use MAP or LEVEL mode and then locate the defects in LF HF 273 Hz mode 8 5 Defining interrupts in cable core Connec
11. el depends on it You should remember that signal level and signal current will be smoothly reducing as getting further from the transmitter because of the linear capacitance of the cable Defect tracing in this method is also possible when the signal level and signal current are simultaneously controlled The signal level reduces in the place of defect so does the signal current Sensitivity of the method is rather low and this method could also be used in defect tracing at 1 kOhm LF HF 273 Hz Mode The LF HF method is based on comparising of the signal levels at 273 Hz and 2187 5 Hz frequencies High Ohm defects do not really influence the signal level at 2187 5 Hz frequency but you can notice significant reduction at 273 Hz Comparising of the signal levels at these frequencies allow to determine the insulation defects with high accuracy This method is more sensitive than the amplitude one and allows you to determine all the defects up to 10 kOhm Set LF HF 273 Hz mode on the trace locator Set LF HF mode on the transmitter Stationary fix the trace locator above the trace e Set the signal level up to 70 80 points e Null the level difference meanings pressing F 15 While tracing the meaning will be smoothly increasing a few dB by100 m because of the unequal signal propagation at 273 Hz and 2187 5 Hz Significant difference increasing displays the place of defect The meaning is correct regardless of switching the modes till the
12. ill cause big increase of the signal level Pic 7 8 8 a tracing branch line trace Pic 7 8 Branch lines searching a tracing 6 branch lines searching B branch line is detected 7 5 SPECTRUM mode In passive mode without using a transmitter Trace locator could be used as a controller of received frequencies and for trace searching of power cables trace locating of noisy wires massive metallic supply lines and supply lines with metallic coating pipelines ropes etc Set SPECTRUM mode on the trace locator You ll see signal spectrum displayed in the frequency range at 10 20 000 Hz WIDE Permanent frequency signal will be displayed on the sound emitter or headphones according to induced signal level in antenna Turn on the DIRECT SOUND mode to display the whole induced signal spectrum on sound emitter or headphones In MENU switch Direct sound OFF to Direct sound ON Set SPECTRUM mode on the trace locator to continue the work Use maximum signal level method to trace the supply lines location Menu PHASE 6 kHzl LF HF 273 Hz Contrast Direct sound off Pic 7 9 MENU For detailed displaying of the spectrum at 10 500 Hz ENERGO press F 8 DEFECT TRACING 8 1 Defect Tracing With Amplitude Methods Amplitude method is based on reducing of the signal level in the place of defecting When tracing the defects it s important to carefully measure the depth since the signal lev
13. locator at 50 90 points changing the frequency define the maximum meaning of the signal level The defined frequency measured with the frequency meter must fit the meaning in Table 3 Set LF HF 273 Hz mode on the trace locator on the generator Set the generator at 273 5 Hz and set sensitivity on the trace locator at 50 90 points changing the frequency define the maximum meaning of the signal level The defined frequency measured with the frequency meter must fit the meaning in Table 3 9 3 4 Bandwidth calibration is measured by level 3dB To do this the signal level must be set at 70 points of the frequency of maximum then at permanent signal level of the generator you must first increase the frequency to gain 50 points then decrease it to gain the same point The difference between upper and lower meanings of frequency defines the bandwidth that must fit the meaning in Table 3 Table 3 Active frequency Hz LEVEL mode 2187 5 1 PHASE 6 kHz mode 6562 5 LF HF 273 Hz mode 273 5 0 5 Bandwidth Amplitude 3 dB lt LEVEL mode 2187 5 Hz 15 Hz PHASE 6 kHz mode 6562 5 Hz 45 Hz LF HF 273 Hz mode 273 5 Hz 2 5 Hz 9 4 Depth measuring tuning Before running of the device in order to gain the maximum frequency you may tune the depth measuring To tune the device you need a separate cable with the certain known depth h Locate and tag the point above the cable center Turn on tune mode on the device 20 pressing 4
14. not displayed 11 Every mode name and function name E are shown in the upper line on the display Presio switch the mode off You can see dependence of the signal level on the trace locator position and the search mode in Pic 5 When tracing at minimum method mode follow the minimum signal level This mode helps you to determine exact trace location At LEVEL mode the trace with permanent digital monitoring of the depth and signal current are displayed This measurements are correct at exact point of the trace locator above the line pic 6 a correct b incorrect measuring measuring ground h y a N underground line Pic 6 Depth and signal current measuring 7 3 Trace search at the bottleneck of supply lines At the bottleneck of supply lines the signal is received both from the cable connected to the transmitter and from parallel supply lines To trace the right cable different methods could be used We recommend you to do the tracing connecting to the grounded distant end of the cable core Turn the transmitter on Current Direction Method This method is based on the principle of the reverse current direction in the parallel supply lines For this method permanent mode of the signal generation in the transmitter is preferable but you can also use any other mode Set MAP mode on the trace locator 12 When the location of the trace out off the bottleneck is determined place the trace locator above th
15. or metallic conductors continuous positional and directional checking occurrence depth and current flow in underground supply lines maximum minimum search method guidance control for channel identification of signal in line pipe bottleneck or cable bundles direct sound locating for orientating in complicated situations and trace locating of noisy wires controlling of received frequencies in wideband mode spectrum trace searching in wideband mode phase contactless method of tracing in copper wire coating and fiber optic links FOL tracing of cable interruption or cable core short circuits In active mode the P 410 MASTER allows you to verify 3 frequency signal and could be used as a unit with TC 310A 2 transmitter TC 210A 2 TC 210A TC 21A as well as with any transmitter 6562 5 1 Hz or and 2187 5 1 Hz or and 273 5 0 5 Hz frequency In passive mode without using a transmitter Trace locator could be used as a controller of received frequencies and for trace searching of power cables trace locating of noisy wires massive metallic supply lines and supply lines with metallic coating pipelines ropes etc The Trace Locator is power supplied by 4 Ni Mh A type batteries with 2 3 A hrs capacity This provides 13 hour continuous work of the device Trace indication could be done visually and with acoustic reception signal using headphones and built in emitter 2 ENVIRONME
16. pth Map F een 70dB mm lt Battery charge level Sensitivity scale to Sensitivity dB Pic 6 2 DISPLAY PANEL Every mode name and function name F are shown in the upper line on the display in the lower line you can see the meaning of the gain controller in dB and the battery level The example of LEVEL mode is shown in pic 6 2 Every mode is described in Table 1 Table 1 MENU Modes Available Measurements MAP Frequency Signal Level 2187 5 Hz Direction Position Signal Current Depth LEVEL Frequency Signal Level 2187 5 Hz Signal Current Depth Minimum and Maximum Modes Frequency Signal Level 273 5 Hz 99 BETTER Difference of Frequency Signal Level 273 5 Hz and 2187 5 Hz m ss Frequency Signal Level 6562 5 Hz PHASE 6 kHz Difference of Signal Phases 2187 5 Hz and 6562 5 Hz SPECTRUM Received Signal Spectrum Energo 10 500 Hz and Wide 10 20000 Hz Direct sound off Turn ON the Direct sound in SPECTRUM mode 6 3 Sensitivity and Auto sensitivity When tracing press 4 lt or W gt to set the signal level up to 70 80 points To set the required level automatically press and simultaneously In the lower line of the display you ll see the sensitivity scale with grating period 2 dB and the meaning of sensitivity in dB Pic 6 9 DISPALAY INDEX WHEN OVERLOADED If there s a background noise high sensitivity causes corrupted signal level If
17. rrect direction by aligning the and marks on the batteries with the polarity markings inside the battery compartment e BEFORE USING MAKE SURE THE BATTERIES ARE FULLY CHARGED IF NECESSARY PLUGS THE DEVICE IN o e KEEP THE BATTERIES AWAY FROM THE DEVICE TO AVOID THEIR DAMAGE Connect the AC power adaptor to the trace locator and fully charge the batteries The process of charging is displayed on the LCD You can t put the device on by the when being charged New batteries require 10 12 full charge discharge cycles to obtain maximum level of capacity The charger indicates the level of operability of the batteries overcharged or defective batteries wouldn t be charged Every time before tracing the batteries should be charged Before long time storage or transporting charge the batteries in order to avoid their damage and take them out of the compartment Turn the device ON If it is properly connected then it s serial number and software version will be displayed The Menu comes on as shown in pic 6 1 Menu Level Spectrum Phase 6 kHz LF HF 273 Hz Pic 6 1 MENU When the battery is low the device turns off 6 2 LCD and Menu Before using the trace locator choose set the mode To change set the mode use MENU Enter the MENU using ox as shown in pic 6 1 MENU appears on the display To change modes press D and o To exit from the set menu press on Mode ne key F y De
18. so OVERLOAD will be displayed 7 TRACING To trace the underground line connect the outlet of the transmitter with the 1 wire to the cable core and ground the 2 wire Grounding is usually done 10 20 m away from the trace The distant end of the cable core must be grounded The test signal transmitter must be connected to the metallic coat of the active cable Tracing range will get lower When searching pipelines or ropes transmitter should be connected to the pipeline with the 1 wire and the 2 wire must be grounded Grounding is usually done 10 20 m away from the trace Since pipelines and ropes are not insolated the tracing range could vary from 0 2 to 5 km depends on curtain circumstances Turn the transmitter on Set the HF mode If there s a lot of industrial noise we recommend you to use the HF PAUSE mode Set MAP mode on the trace locator 7 1 MAP Mode Cable map has easy readable graphic information that is handy for quick orienting The mode combines all the innovation methods of tracing measuring of the signal level using minimum method of indicating above the cable defining of own right wrong cable regarding the signal direction Map Depth F Pic 1 MAP Mode Defining the signal direction Do the preliminary tracing The level of the signal will be displayed as a line or pointer When you get the firm signal the direction of the cable signal current will
19. ss methods a signal in the receiver inductive sensor Sensors are located in the upper and lower parts of the receiver Signals induced in the sensor then come into the receiving device where analog and digital processing is being done Then the results are displayed on the LCD and sound emitter In passive mode SPECTUM mode the receiver is being registered as an alternating magnetic field in frequency sound range with the source in the power cable with power current and noisy wire nets 5 2 Device Construction The device was constructed as a monoblock You can see the device in the pic 5 1 In the upper panel there are G and Keys of sensitivity e LCD Display ON OFF Menu Key e F Function Key In the lower panel there are O ON OFF Key e Headphones Outlet e AC DC Adaptor Outlet The 4 AA batteries compartment locates in the side face of the device Pic 5 1 General view 6 PREPARING TO WORK 6 1 Getting started Carefully unpack the trace locator and make sure it doesn t have any visible mechanical damages of the case If the device has been stored at hyper humidity or at low temperatures wait for 24 hours before starting off e KEEP OUT WATER The Trace Locator is power supplied by 4 Ni Mh A type batteries with 2 3 A hrs capacity This provides 13 hour continuous work of the device Open the battery compartment under the lower panel of the device and insert the batteries in the co
20. t the outlet of the transmitter with the 1 wire to the TOBpexeHHOH cable core and ground the 2 wire Grounding is usually done 10 20 m away from the trace The distant end of the cable core must be insolated Interrupt zone in amplitude method is defined by sharp decreasing of the signal level or current level in LEVEL mode Specify the place of interruption at low frequency Set LF HF 273 Hz mode on the trace locator Set LF HF mode on the transmitter but remember that the signal level will be much lower 8 6 Defining interrupts in ropes or pipelines Since the insulation in pipelines and ropes coating is missing the transmission range may vary between 0 2 to 5km and also depends on certain conditions Interruption in ropes or pipelines is defined by the same method as in the core cable 9 DEVICE TESTING 9 1 Conditions air temperature 20 2 C relative humidity 65 15 air pressure 84 106 kPa 9 2 Means of Testing For testing you need the measuring means and secondary equipment Table 2 Table 2 The list measuring means and secondary equipment Name Type Quantit Main Characteristics y Frequency meter 43 64 1 20 Hz 20 KHz accuracy 1x10 Wide band Millivoltmeter B3 59 1 N 2 accuracy 0 2x10 LF Transmitter T3 118 1 Resistor 1 1 kOhm Wire 10m Wire 0 75mm Note For testing other sample means with relevant metrological characteristics could be used 9 3 Testing
21. unding is usually done 10 20 m away from the trace The distant end of the cable core must be insolated Set PHASE 6 kHz mode on the trace locator The meaning of the phase difference between signals 2187 5 Hz and 6252 5 Hz is displayed Fix the trace locator firmly above the trace choose the sensitivity level pressing ori and set the signal level not lower than at 70 80 points The meaning of the difference between phase signals 2187 5 Hz and 6252 5 Hz is displayed At low signal level there s a possibility of measurement failure of phase signal Null the meaning of the 16 phase pressing fF 0 deg readout must be stable If it s not possible to set 0 deg it means that the noise level is excessive So you can t apply the phase method of defect tracing Phase Reset F 9 Phase deg 0 HH 36dB Em capacitive current resistant current defect current Defect R P H Pic 8 2 Defect tracing by phase method Reset F Function key F Phase deg Phase Frequency signal level 6562 5 Hz PucynHox 8 3 PHASE 6 kHz mode To locate the defect moving along the trace do measuring of phase difference The meaning of the difference will be progressively increasing a degree unit by 100 m because of different or unequal signal propagation at 273 Hz and 2187 5 Hz frequencies in the cable Significant difference increase will be displayed when a defect is detected To update the d
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