40MHZ MULTI-FUNCTION OSCILLOSCOPE USER`S MANUAL
Contents
1. ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED Two Switchable X1 X10 Probes Instruction Manual AC Line Cord One cable BNC to BNC 8 CS 406 SPECIFICATIONS CRT Type 6 inch rectangular with integral graticule P31 phosphor Display Area 8 x 10 div i div 1 cm Accelerating Voltage 2 kV Phosphor P31 Trace Rotation Electrical front panel adjustable VERTICAL AMPLIFIERS CH 1 and CH 2 Sensitivity 5 mV div to 5 V div 1 mv div to 1 V div at X5 MAG Attenuator 10 calibrated steps in 1 2 5 sequence Variable control provides fully adjustable sensitivity between steps range 1 1 to at least 1 3 Accuracy 3 5 mV to 5 V div 5 at X5 MAG Input Resistance 1 2 Input Capacitance 25 pF 10 pF Frequency Response 5 mV div to 5 V div DC to 40 MHz 3 dB X5 DC to 10 MHz 3 dB Rise Time 8 8 nS 35 nS at X5 MAG Overshoot Less than 5 Operating Modes CH 1 CH 1 single trace CH 2 CH 2 single trace DUAL CH 1 and CH 2 dual trace Alternate or Chop selectable at any sweep rate ADD Algebraic sum of CH 1 CH 2 Chop Frequency Approximately 500KHz Polarity Reversal CH 2 invert Maximum Input Voltage 400 V dc ac peak HORIZON TAL AMPLIFIER Input through channel 1 input X Y mode CH 1 axis CH 2 Y axis Sensitivity Same as vertical channel 2 Input Impedance Same as vertical channel 2 Frequency Response DC to 1 MHz 3 dB2. X Y Phase Difference 3 or less at 50 kHz Maximum Input Voltage Same as vertical channel 1 SWEEP SYSTEM Operating Modes Main Time Base X Y Operating Main Time Base O 1 uS div to 2 0 S div in 1 2 5 sequence 23 steps Variable control provides fully adjustable sweep time between steps Accuracy 3 except 6 on 0 2 S div and 20 on 0 118 div Sweep Magnification X10 10 Holdoff Continuously adjustable for main time base f NORM to 5 times normal TRIGGERING Trigger Modes AUTO free run NORM TV V TV H Trigger Source CH 1 CH 2 Alternate EXT LINE Slope or 9 CS 406 SPECIFICATIONS Trigger Coupling AUTO Sweep free runs in absence of suitable trigger signal NORM Sweep triggered only by adequate trigger signal TV V Video vertical sync pulses are selected Also usable for high frequency reject TV H Video horizontal sync pulses are selected Also usable for low frequency reject Trigger Sensitivity AUTO 1 5 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 100 Hz 40 MHz NORM 1 5 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 100 Hz 40 MHz TV V 1 0 div internal 20 5 Vp p external DC 1KHz TV H 1 0 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 1KHz 100 KHz Maximum External Trigger Voltage 300 V de ac peak FREQUENCE COUNTER DISPLAY 5digits 0 36 Red LED Display at Hz or KHz unit Auto range GATE TIME Auto Select form 10S to 0
3. 44 Feet Cord Wrap 24 FS 409 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 1234513 26 14 25 24 23 35 34 32 AMPL 77 RANGE FUNCTION 7577 REO LIN Me dir ues 994 31 29 30 28 9 10 12 11 6 8 7 16 15 17 18 27 20 45 46 43 e sumat 22071925 CE 25 FS 409 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS GENERAL FUNCTION CONTROLS 1 ON Indicator Lights when oscilloscope is 2 POWER Pushbutton Turns oscilloscope on and off 3 INTENSITY Control Adjusts brightness of trace 4 TRACE ROTATION Control Adjusts to maintain trace at a horizontal position 5 FOCUS Control Adjusts trace focus 6 GND l Terminal Oscilloscope chassis ground jack and earth ground via three wire ac power cord 7 CAL Terminal Terminal provides 2Vp p 1kHz nominal square wave signal This signal is useful for checking probe compensation adjustment as well as providing a rough check of vertical calibration VERTICAL CONTROLS 8 VERTical MODE Switch Selects vertical display mode Four position lever switch with the following positions Displays the channel 1 signal by itself CH2 X Y CH2 displays the channel 2 signal by itself X Y used in conjunction with the X Y control and Trigger SOURCE switch to enable X Y display mode DUAL Displays the channel 1 and channel 2 signals simultaneously Duai trace mode may be ei
4. Rotation in the direction counter clockwise selects more negative triggering point rotation in the direction clockwise selects more positive triggering point PULL SLOPE Two position push pull switch The in position selects a positive going slope and the out position selects a negative going slope as triggering point for main sweep 27 EXTernal TRIGger jack External trigger input for single and dual trace operation 28 FREQ Turn this knob to set the desired frequency Generated This knob is for fine adjustment 28 FS 409 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS NOTE PULL F G DISPLAY For FS 409 only 29 RANGE The main Frequency switch of the Function Generator Eech step raise up the frequency10 times from 50Hz to 5MHz and back to 50Hz circulatory Also the range will be set at 50Hz automatically when switch on theOscilloscope the frequency can be observed from 34 LED DISPLAY or connect the 45 out put signal to the 10 INPUT of the oscilloscope to display on CRT 30 Function the Function wave selector to set the wave from output of the Function Generator send to the output BNC 45 31 AMPL PULL 20dB Amplitude knob Turn the knob to adjust the amplitude of the output signal to max10 time continuously Or pull out the switch to attenuate the output signal 20dB Amplitude becomes 1 10 level 32 Hz the LED lit means the display units are Hz 33 KHz the LED lit means the display units are KHz 34 LED
5. Stability 0 196 15minutes after power on 0 2 24hrs after power on Limits of Operation 0 C 40 C 10 80 R H Storage Environment 20 C 70 C 0 90 R H TRIANGLE WAVE Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz Symmetry 50 rise wave to 5096 fall wave 2 1Hz 100KHz Linearity lt 196 1Hz 100KHz SINE WAVE Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz Distortion lt 2 1Hz 100KHz Harmonic Ratio lt 30dB 100KHz 5MHz Frequency Response 0 1dB up to 100KHz lt 1dB 100KHz to 5MHz SQUARE WAVE Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz Symmetry 50 positive half to 5096 negative half 296 1Hz 100KHz Rise Time 60ns MAIN OUTPUT Output Impedance 500 lt 2 Accuracy Max Output 20 Vp p No load 1V 10 Vp p 500 load 10 5V Min Output 0 1Vp p No load and 0 05V 50 load Attenuator one 20dB switch 2 Accuracy SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT Output Impedance 500 lt 296 Accuracy Output Level TTL level gt 3Vp p fixed amplitude Fanout gt 20 Rise Time 60ns no load FREQUENCE COUNTER DISPLAY Sdigits 0 36 Red LED Display at Hz or KHz unit Auto range GATE TIME Auto Select form 10S to 0 25S According to the frequency of the input signal Auto select 13 FS 409 SPECIFICATIONS Auto Detect The gate time LED will FLASH when with input and will OFF without input signal Auto Detect Auto re set The data will hold 10S Max after the input si
6. summed and displayed as a single signal If the Channel 2 POSition PULL INVert control is pulled out the input from channel 2 is subtracted from channel 1 and the difference is displayed as a single signal 9 CH1 AC GND DC Switch Three position lever Switch with the following positions AC Channel 1 input signal is capacitively coupled DC component is blocked GND Opens signal path and grounds input to vertical amplifier This provides a zero volt base line the position of which can be used as a reference when performing dc measurements DC Direct coupling of channel 1 input signal both AC and DC components of signal produce vertical deflection 10 CH1 X Input Jack Vertical input for channel 1 X axis input for X Y operation 11 CH1 X VOLTS DIV Control Vertical attenuator for channel 1 Provides step adjustment of vertical sensitivity When channel 1 VARiable control is set to CAL vertical sensitivity is calibrated in 10 steps from 5 mV div to 5 V div in a 1 2 5 sequence When the X Y mode of operation is selected this control provides step adjustment of X axis sensitivity 12 CH1 VARiable PULL X5 MAG Control VARiable Rotation provides vernier adjustment of channel 1 vertical sensitivity In the fully clockwise CAL position the vertical attenuator is calibrated Counterclockwise rotation decreases gain sensitivity In X Y operation this control becomes the vernier X axis sensitivity control PULL
7. 25S According to the frequency of the input signal Auto select Auto Detect The gate time LED will FLASH when with input and will OFF without input signal Auto Detect Auto re set The data will hold 10S Max after the input signal is stop and then Auto re set RESOLUTION 0 001Hz to 1KHz according to the frequency of the input signal Auto Select MAX COUNTER RANGE 0 IHz to 50MHz ACCURACY 0 01 1digit or 1 99999 1idgit TIME BASE 18 432MHz 10ppm 23 C 5 C SENSITIVITY NOTE 1 The counter must be set at DC COUPLING operation when the input signal is less than 10Hz 2 The counter are operated by the Triggle Sourace CH1 CH2 or EXT But can not by ALT source MODE RANGE SENSITIVITY 2Hz 40MHz 1Hz 45MHz 0 2Hz 50MHz EXT 10Hz 50MHz j200mVrms 1Hz 50MHz 400mVrms 10 CS 406 SPECIFICATIONS OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Cal Probe Compensation Voltage 2 V p p 3 square wave 1KHz nominal CH 2 Y Output 50 mV div nominal into 50 ohm load Output Impedance Approximately 50 ohms Frequency Response 20 Hz to 30 MHz 3 dB Power Requirement 10 130 VAC or 200 260 VAC 50 60 Hz 50 watts Dimensions H x W x D 5 2 x 12 8 x 15 7 132 x 324 x 398 mm Weight 18 7 lbs 8 5 kg Environment Within Specified Accuracy 10 to 35 C 10 80 Full Operation 0 to 50 C 10 80 relative humidity Storage 30 to 70 C 10 90 relative humidity ACCES
8. Increases maximum sweep rate to 10 nS div X Y Switch Used with the VERTical MODE switch and Trigger SOURCE switch to select X Y operating mode The channel 1 input becomes the X axis and the channel 2 input becomes the Y axis Trigger source and coupling are disabled in this mode FS 404 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS TRIGGERING CONTROLS 23 HOLDOFF PULL CHOP Control HOLDOFF Rotation adjusts holdoff time trigger inhibit period beyond sweep duration When control is rotated fully counterclockwise the holdoff period is MINinum normal The holdoff period increases progressively with clockwise rotation PULL CHOP When this switch is pulled out in the dual trace mode the channel 1 and channel 2 sweeps are chopped and displayed simultaneously normally used at slower sweep speeds When it is pushed in the two sweeps are alternately displayed one after the other normally used at higher sweep speeds 24 Trigger SOURCE Switch Selects source of sweep trigger Four position lever switch with the following positions CH1 X Y ALT Causes the channel 1 input signal to become the sweep trigger regardless of the VERTical MODE switch setting X Y Used with two other switches to enable the X Y mode see theOperating Instructions under XY Operation ALT Used with the channel 1 POSition PULL ALTernate TRIGger control to enable alternate triggering Alternate triggering used in dualtrace mode permits each wavefo
9. X Y operation the vernier this control becomes Y axis sensitivity control PULL X5 MAG When pulled out increases vertical sensitivity by a factor of five Effectively provides two extra sensitivity settings 2 mV div and 1 mV div In X Y mode increases Y sensitivity by a factor of five 17 CH2 Y Input Jack Vertical input for channel 2 Y axis input for X Y operation 18 CH2 AC GND DC Switch Three position lever switch with the following positions AC Channel 2 input signal is capacitively coupled DC component is blocked GND Opens signal path and grounds input to vertical amplifier This provides a zero volt base line the position of which can be used as a reference when performing dc measurements DC Direct coupling of channel 2 input signal both ac and dc components of signal produce vertical deflection HORIZONTAL CONTROLS 19 Main Time Base TIME DIV Control Provides step selection of sweep rate for the main time base When the VARiable Sweep control is set to CAL sweep rate is calibrated This control has 23 steps from 0 1 mS div to 2 S div in a 1 2 5 sequence 20 VARiable Sweep Control Rotation of control 21 22 17 is vernier adjustment for sweep rate In fully clockwise CAL position sweep rate is calibrated POSition PULL X10 MAG Control POSition Horizontal X position control PULL X10 MAG Selects ten times sweep magnification when pulled out normal when pushed in
10. i div 1 cm Accelerating Voltage 2 kV Phosphor P31 Trace Rotation Electrical front panel adjustable VERTICAL AMPLIFIERS CH 1 and CH 2 Sensitivity 5 mV div to 5 V div 1 mv div to 1 V div at X5 MAG Attenuator 10 calibrated steps in 1 2 5 sequence Variable control provides fully adjustable sensitivity between steps range 1 1 to at least 1 3 Accuracy 3 5 mV to 5 V div 5 at X5 MAG Input Resistance 1 2 Input Capacitance 25 pF 10 pF Frequency Response 5 mV div to 5 V div DC to 40 MHz 3 dB X5 DC to 10 MHz 3 dB Rise Time 8 8 nS 35 nS at X5 MAG Overshoot Less than 5 Operating Modes CH 1 CH 1 single trace CH 2 CH 2 single trace DUAL CH 1 and CH 2 dual trace Alternate or Chop selectable at any sweep rate ADD Algebraic sum of CH 1 CH 2 Chop Frequency Approximately 500KHz Polarity Reversal CH 2 invert Maximum Input Voltage 400 V dc ac peak HORIZON TAL AMPLIFIER Input through channel 1 input X Y mode CH 1 axis CH 2 Y axis Sensitivity Same as vertical channel 2 Input Impedance Same as vertical channel 2 Frequency Response DC to 1 MHz 3 dB X Y Phase Difference 3 or less at 50 kHz Maximum Input Voltage Same as vertical channel 1 SWEEP SYSTEM Operating Modes Main Time Base X Y Operating Main Time Base O 1 uS div to 2 0 S div in 1 2 5 sequence 23 steps Variable control
11. power plug places the chassis and housing of the instrument at earth ground Use only a 3 wire outlet and do not attempt to defeat the ground wire connection or float the instrument since doing so may pose a great safety hazard 3 4 Do not obstruct the ventilation holes in the rear panel as this will increase the internal temperature 5 Never apply external voltage to the output BNC of the instrument 6 Excessive voltage applied to the input BNC may damage the instrument II MAINTANCE GENERAL MAINTANCE Preventive Maintance Clean and recalibrate the INSTRUMENT on a regular basis to keep the instrument looking nice and working well Cleaning Remove any dirt dust and grime whenever they become noticable You can remove dirt from the outside covers with a soft cloth moistened with a mild cleaning solution Servicing If the instrument ever becomes inoperative or damaged refer servicing to a qualified repair facility FUSE REPLACEMENT Ifthe fuse blows the ON indicator will not light and the instrument will not operate Replace only with the correct value fuse For 110 125V line vlotage operation use an 10A 250V fuse For 220 240V line voltage operation use a 800mA 250V fuse The fuse is located on the rear panel adjacent to the power cord receptacle Remove the fuseholder assembly as follows 1 Unplug the power cord from rear of scope 2 Insert a small screwdriver in fuseholder selt located between fuseholder
12. provides fully adjustable sweep time between steps Accuracy 3 except 6 on 0 2 S div and 20 on 0 118 div Sweep Magnification X10 10 Holdoff Continuously adjustable for main time base f NORM to 5 times normal TRIGGERING Trigger Modes AUTO free run NORM TV V TV H Trigger Source CH 1 CH 2 Alternate EXT LINE Slope or 262 FS 404 SPECIFICATIONS Trigger Coupling AUTO Sweep free runs in absence of suitable trigger signal NORM Sweep triggered only by adequate trigger signal TV V Video vertical sync pulses are selected Also usable for high frequency reject Video horizontal sync pulses are selected Also usable for low frequency reject TV H Trigger Sensitivity AUTO 1 5 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 100 Hz 40 MHz NORM 1 5 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 100 Hz 40 MHz TV V 1 0 div internal 20 5 Vp p external DC 1KHz 1 0 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 1KHz 100 KHz TV H Maximum External Trigger Voltage 300 V de ac peak TRIANGLE WAVE Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz Symmetry 50 rise wave to 5096 fall wave 2 1Hz 100K Hz Linearity lt 196 1Hz 100KHz SINE WAVE Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz Distortion lt 2 1Hz 100K Hz Harmonic Ratio lt 30dB 100KHz 5MHz Frequency Response 0 1dB up to 100KHz 1dB 100KHz to 5MHz SQUARE WAVE Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz S
13. qualified electronics technician or otherwise trained and qualified to work in such circumstances Observe the TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY recommendations listed on the inside front cover of this manual 2 Do not operate this oscilloscope with the case removed unless you are a qualified service technician High voltage up to 2100 volts is present when the unit is operating with the case removed 3 The ground wire of the 3 wire ac power plug places the chassis and housing of the oscilloscope at earth ground Use only a 3 wire outlet and do not attempt to defeat the ground wire connection or float the oscilloscope to do so may pose a great safety hazard 4 Special precautions are required to measure or observe line voltage waveforms with any oscilloscope Use the following procedure a Do not connect the ground clip of the probe to either side of the line The clip is already at earth ground and touching it to the hot side of the line cause possible injury plus possible damage to the scope or probe b Insert the probe tip into one side of the line voltage receptacle then the other One side of the receptacle should be hot and produce the The wave from The other side of the receptacle is the ac return and nowaveform should result EQUIPMENT PROTECTION PRECAUTIONS CAUTION The following precautions will help avoid damage to the oscilloscope 1 Never allow a small spot of high brilliance to remain stationary on the
14. respectively 3 Adjust the amount of vertical Y axis deflection with the CH 2 VOLTS DIV and VARIABLE controls 4 Adjust the amount of horizontal X axis deflection with the CH 1 VOLTS DIV and VARIABLE controls VIDEO SIGNAL OBSERVATION Setting the COUPLING switch to the TV H or TV Vposition permits selection of horizontal or vertical sync pulses for sweep triggering when viewing composite video waveforms When the TV H mode is selected horizontal sync pulses are selected as triggers to permit viewing of horizontal lines of video A sweep time of about 10 ms div is appropriate for displaying lines of video The VAR SWEEP control can be set to display the exact number of waveforms desired When the TV V mode is selected vertical sync pulses are selected as triggers to permit viewing of vertical fields and frames of video A sweep time of 2 ms div is appropriate for viewing fields of video and 5 ms div for complete frames two interlaced fields of video At most points of measurement a composite video signal is of the polarity that is the sync pulses are negative and the video is positive In this case use SLOPE If the waveform is taken at a circuit point where the video waveform is inverted the sync pulses are positive and the video is negative In this case use SLOPE 34 MAINTENANCE The following instructions are for use by qualified service personnel only To avoid electrical shock do not p
15. screen for more than a few seconds The screen may become permanently burned A spot will occur when the scope is set up for X Y operation and no signal is applied Either reduce the intensity so the spot is barely visible apply signal or switch back to normal sweep operation It is also advisable to use low intensity with AUTO triggering and no signal applied for long periods A high intensity trace at the same position could cause a line to become permanently burned onto the screen 2 Do not obstruct the ventilating holes in the case as this will increase the scope s internal temperature 3 Excessive voltage applied to the input jacks may damage the oscilloscope The maximum ratings of the inputs are as follows CH 1 and CH 2 400 V dc ac peak EXT TRIG 300 V dc ac peak 4 Always connect a cable from the ground terminal of the oscilloscope to the chassis of the equipment under test Without this precaution the entire current for the equipment under test may be drawn through the probe clip leads under certain circumstances Such conditions could also pose a safety hazard which the ground cable will prevent The probe ground clips are at oscilloscope and earth ground and should be connected only to the earth ground or isolated common of the equipment under test To measure with respect to any point other than the common use 2 1 subtract operation ADD mode and INV 1 with the channel 2 probe to th
16. 10 MAG Control POSition Horizontal X position control PULL X10 MAG Selects ten times sweep magnification when pulled out normal when pushed in Increases maximum sweep rate to 10 nS div X Y Switch Used with the VERTical MODE switch and Trigger SOURCE switch to select X Y operating mode The channel 1 input becomes the X axis and the channel 2 input becomes the Y axis Trigger source and coupling are disabled in this mode CS 406 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS TRIGGERING CONTROLS 23 HOLDOFF PULL CHOP Control HOLDOFF Rotation adjusts holdoff time trigger inhibit period beyond sweep duration When control is rotated fully counterclockwise the holdoff period is MINinum normal The holdoff period increases progressively with clockwise rotation PULL CHOP When this switch is pulled out in the dual trace mode the channel 1 and channel 2 sweeps are chopped and displayed simultaneously normally used at slower sweep speeds When it is pushed in the two sweeps are alternately displayed one after the other normally used at higher sweep speeds 24 Trigger SOURCE Switch Selects source of sweep trigger Four position lever switch with the following positions CH1 X Y ALT Causes the channel 1 input signal to become the sweep trigger regardless of the VERTical MODE switch setting X Y Used with two other switches to enable the X Y mode see theOperating Instructions under X Y Operation ALT Used with t
17. 40MHZ MULTI FUNCTION OSCILLOSCOPE USER S MANUAL FS 404 WITH 5MHz FUNCTION GENERATOR CS 406 WITH 50MHz AUTO COUNTER FS 409 WITH 5MHz FUNCTION GENERATOR AND 50MHz AUTO COUNTER AA EA TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY WARRING Normal use of test equipment exposes you to a certain amount of danger from electrical shock because testing must often be performed where exposed high voltage is present An electrical shock causing 10 milliamps of current to pass through the heart will stop most human heartbeats Voltage as low as 35 volts dc or ac rms should be considered dangerous and hazardous since it can produce a lethal current under certain conditions Higher voltage poses an even greater threat because such voltage can more easily produce a lethal current Your normal work habits should include all accepted practices that will prevent contact with exposed high voltage and that will steer current away from your heart in case of accidental contact with a high voltage You will significantly reduce the risk factor if you know and observe the following safety precautions 1 Don t expose high voltage needlessly in the equipment under test Remove housings and covers only when necessary Turn off equipment while making test connections in high voltage circuits Discharge high voltage capacitors after removing power 2 If possible familiarize yourself with the equipment being tested and the location of its high voltage points Howeve
18. DIGITS S digits to indicade oscilloscope TRIG S frequence and EXT Counter input frequence and Function Generator wave frequence 35 TRIGD GATE TIME LED the LED will be light when the signal was trigger by the counter circuit Each flash of the LED means the new data been calculated and been display The time between two flash of the LED is the Gate time If the counter system can not detect a new signal for 10sec The display will be reset automatically When the signal was input from the input BNC of CH2 or EXT of the oscilloscope The trigger condition can be adjusted by 26 TRIG LEVEL knob The Gate time are controled by the CPU from 0 25sec to 10sec automatically REAR PANEL CONTROLS 41 Fuse Holder Line Voltage Selector Contains fuse and selects line voltage 42 Power Cord Receptacle 43 Handle Tilt Stand 44 Feet Cord Wrap 45 0UTPUT Function Generator Main output BNC output impedance 500 Max amplitude 20Vp p for no load and 10Vp p for 50Q load 46 SYNC Synchronous output TTL level Square wave output with same frequency as the Main output BNC 29 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The following precautions must be observed to help prevent electric shock 1 When the oscilloscope is used to make measurements in equipment that contains high voltage there is always a certain amount of danger from electrical shock The person using the oscilloscope in such conditions should be a
19. In the fully clockwise CAL position the vertical attenuator is calibrated Counterclockwise rotation decreases gain sensitivity In X Y operation the vernier this control becomes Y axis sensitivity control PULL X5 MAG When pulled out increases vertical sensitivity by a factor of five Effectively provides two extra sensitivity settings 2 mV div and 1 mV div In X Y mode increases Y sensitivity by a factor of five 17 CH2 Y Input Jack Vertical input for channel 2 Y axis input for X Y operation 18 CH2 AC GND DC Switch Three position lever switch with the following positions AC Channel 2 input signal is capacitively coupled DC component is blocked GND Opens signal path and grounds input to vertical amplifier This provides a zero volt base line the position of which can be used as a reference when performing dc measurements DC Direct coupling of channel 2 input signal both AC and DC components of signal produce vertical deflection HORIZONTAL CONTROLS 19 Main Time Base TIME DIV Control Provides step selection of sweep rate for the main time base When the VARiable Sweep control is set to CAL sweep rate is calibrated This control has 23 steps from 0 1 mS div to 2 S div in a 1 2 5 sequence 20 VARiable Sweep Control Rotation of control 21 22 27 is vernier adjustment for sweep rate In fully clockwise CAL position sweep rate is calibrated POSition PULL X10 MAG Control
20. MPL RANGE FUNCTION pr E rh 3 2008 __6 Wes 31 29 30 28 9 10 11 12 6 8 7 15 16 17 18 27 45 46 43 INE VOLTAGE SELECTOR SERIAL NOr22Q 37925 EAMAN 1010 H Bn 61010 15 FS 404 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS GENERAL FUNCTION CONTROLS 1 ON Indicator Lights when oscilloscope is 2 POWER Pushbutton Turns oscilloscope on and off 3 INTENSITY Control Adjusts brightness of trace 4 TRACE ROTATION Control Adjusts to maintain trace at a horizontal position 5 FOCUS Control Adjusts trace focus 6 GND l Terminal Oscilloscope chassis ground jack and earth ground via three wire ac power cord 7 CAL Terminal Terminal provides 2Vp p 1kHz nominal square wave signal This signal is useful for checking probe compensation adjustment as well as providing a rough check of vertical calibration VERTICAL CONTROLS 8 VERTical MODE Switch Selects vertical display mode Four position lever switch with the following positions Displays the channel 1 signal by itself CH2 X Y CH2 displays the channel 2 signal by itself X Y used in conjunction with the X Y control and Trigger SOURCE switch to enable X Y display mode DUAL Displays the channel 1 and channel 2 signals simultaneously Dual trace mode may be either alternate or chopped sweep see the description under HOLDOFF PULL CHOP control ADD The inputs from channel 1 and channel 2 are
21. Max amplitude 20Vp p for no load and 10Vp p for 500 load 46 8 YNC Synchronous output TTL level Square wave output with same frequency as the Main output BNC 19 CS 406 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 12345 13 26 14 25 24 23 35 34 32 9 10 12 11 6 8 7 16 15 17 18 27 20 43 14 T cm SERES NO 31 10 i ag 20 CS 406 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS GENERAL FUNCTION CONTROLS 1 ON Indicator Lights when oscilloscope is 2 POWER Pushbutton Turns oscilloscope on and off 3 INTENSITY Control Adjusts brightness of trace 4 TRACE ROTATION Control Adjusts to maintain trace at a horizontal position 5 FOCUS Control Adjusts trace focus 6 GND l Terminal Oscilloscope chassis ground jack and earth ground via three wire ac power cord 7 CAL Terminal Terminal provides 2Vp p 1kHz nominal square wave signal This signal is useful for checking probe compensation adjustment as well as providing a rough check of vertical calibration VERTICAL CONTROLS 8 VERTical MODE Switch Selects vertical display mode Four position lever switch with the following positions Displays the channel 1 signal by itself CH2 X Y CH2 displays the channel 2 signal by itself X Y used in conjunction with the X Y control and Trigger SOURCE switch to enable X Y display mode DUAL Displays the channel 1 and channel 2 signals simultaneously Dual trace
22. POSition Horizontal X position control PULL X10 MAG Selects ten times sweep magnification when pulled out normal when pushed in Increases maximum sweep rate to 10 nS div X Y Switch Used with the VERTical MODE switch and Trigger SOURCE switch to select X Y operating mode The channel 1 input becomes the X axis and the channel 2 input becomes the Y axis Trigger source and coupling are disabled in this mode FS 409 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS TRIGGERING CONTROLS 23 HOLDOFF PULL CHOP Control HOLDOFF Rotation adjusts holdoff time trigger inhibit period beyond sweep duration When control is rotated fully counterclockwise the holdoff period is MINinum normal The holdoff period increases progressively with clockwise rotation PULL CHOP When this switch is pulled out in the dual trace mode the channel 1 and channel 2 sweeps are chopped and displayed simultaneously normally used at slower sweep speeds When it is pushed in the two sweeps are alternately displayed one after the other normally used at higher sweep speeds 24 Trigger SOURCE Switch Selects source of sweep trigger Four position lever switch with the following positions CH1 X Y ALT Causes the channel 1 input signal to become the sweep trigger regardless of the VERTical MODE switch setting X Y Used with two other switches to enable the X Y mode see theOperating Instructions under XY Operation ALT Used with the channel 1 PO
23. SORIES SUPPLIED Two Switchable X1 X10 Probes Instruction Manual AC Line Cord 11 FS 409 SPECIFICATIONS CRT Type 6 inch rectangular with integral graticule P31 phosphor Display Area 8 x 10 div i div 1 cm Accelerating Voltage 2 kV Phosphor P31 Trace Rotation Electrical front panel adjustable VERTICAL AMPLIFIERS CH 1 and CH 2 Sensitivity 5 mV div to 5 V div 1 mv div to 1 V div at X5 MAG Attenuator 10 calibrated steps in 1 2 5 sequence Variable control provides fully adjustable sensitivity between steps range 1 1 to at least 1 3 Accuracy 3 5 mV to 5 V div 5 at X5 MAG Input Resistance 1 2 Input Capacitance 25 pF 10 pF Frequency Response 5 mV div to 5 V div DC to 40 MHz 3 dB X5 DC to 10 MHz 3 dB Rise Time 8 8 nS 35 nS at X5 MAG Overshoot Less than 5 Operating Modes CH 1 CH 1 single trace CH 2 CH 2 single trace DUAL CH 1 and CH 2 dual trace Alternate or Chop selectable at any sweep rate ADD Algebraic sum of CH 1 CH 2 Chop Frequency Approximately 500KHz Polarity Reversal CH 2 invert Maximum Input Voltage 400 V dc ac peak HORIZON TAL AMPLIFIER Input through channel 1 input X Y mode CH 1 axis CH 2 Y axis Sensitivity Same as vertical channel 2 Input Impedance Same as vertical channel 2 Frequency Response DC to 1 MHz 3 dB X Y Phase Difference 3 o
24. Sition PULL ALTernate TRIGger control to enable alternate triggering Alternate triggering used in dualtrace mode permits each waveform viewed to become its own trigger source CH2 The channel 2 signal becomes the sweep trigger regardless of the VERTical MODE switch setting LINE Signal derived from input line voltage 50 60 Hz becomes trigger EXT Signal from EXTernal TRIGger jack becomes sweep trigger 25 Trigger COUPLING Switch Selects trigger coupling Four position lever switch with the following positions AUTO Selects automatic triggering mode In this mode the oscilloscope generates sweep free runs in absence of an adequate trigger it automatically reverts to triggered sweep operation when an adequate trigger signal is present NORM Selects normal triggered sweep operation A sweep is generated only when an adequate trigger signal is present TV V Used for triggering from television vertical sync pulses Also serves as lo pass DC high frequency reject trigger coupling Used for triggering from television horizontal sync pulses Also serves as hi pass low frequency reject trigger coupling used at slower sweep speeds When it is pushed in the two sweeps are alternately displayed one after the other normally used at higher sweep speeds 26 TRIGger LEVEL PULL SLOPE Control TRIGger LEVEL Trigger level adjustment determines the point on the triggering waveform where the sweep is triggered
25. X5 MAG When pulled out increases vertical sensitivity by a factor of five Effectively provides two extra sensitivity settings 2 mV div and 1 mV div In X Y mode increases X sensitivity by a factor of five 13 CH1 POSition PULL ALT TRIGger Control POSition Adjusts vertical position of channel 1 trace PULLALT Used in conjunction with the Trigger SOURCE switch to activate alternate triggering See the description under the Trigger SOURCE switch 14 CH2 POSition PULL INVert Control POSition Adjusts vertical position of channel 2 trace In X Y operation rotation adjusts vertical position of X Y display 16 FS 404 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS PULL IN Vert When pushed in the polarity of the channel 2 signal is normal When pulled out the polarity of the channel 2 signal is reversed thus inverting the waveform 15 CH2 VOLTS DIV Control Vertical attenuator for channel 2 Provides step adjustment of vertical sensitivity When channel 2 VARiable control is set to CAL vertical sensitivity is calibrated in 10 steps from 5 mV div to 5 V div in a 1 2 5 sequence When the X Y mode of operation is selected this control provides step adjustment of Y axis sensitivity 16 CH2 VARiable PULL X5 MAG Control VARiable Rotation provides vernier adjustment of channel 2 vertical sensitivity In the fully clockwise CAL position the vertical attenuator is calibrated Counterclockwise rotation decreases gain sensitivity In
26. and receptacle Pry fuseholder away from receptacle 3 When reinstallmg fuseholder be sure that the fuse is installed so that the correct line voltage is selected see LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION 4 INTRODUCTION The model FS CS series oscilloscope is a dual channel multiple testing application equipment It built in at least 2 testing equipment in one The oscilloscope is a laboratory grade instrument that is ideal for the wide range of measurements typically found in electronics development and scientific research laboratories some of its outstanding features are FS 404 a 40MHz analoge oscilloscope built in a 50MHz 5 digits Auto Range Auto Gatetime Countor and the wave form on the CRT at the meanwhile when the input signal is triggering Or the bulit in countor can be independent operated by input the signal form the EXT TRIG input BNC FS 409 a 40MHz analoge oscilloscope built in a 5MHz Function Generator and a 50MHz Auto Range Auto Gatetime Countor In the other word FS 409 contain FS 406 and CS 404 in one Its Function Generator and countor can be operated independently Or jointly For example the disply of the countor can be the signal of the out put of the Function Generator or in siginal which been triggering by the oscilloscope and diplay the wave form on the CRT 25 FS 404 SPECIFICATIONS CRT Type 6 inch rectangular with integral graticule P31 phosphor Display Area 8 x 10 div
27. d between channel 1 and channel 2 Using CHOP one channe ldoes not have to wait for a complete swept display of the other channel Therefore portions of both channel s waveforms are displayed with the phase relationship between the two waveforms unaltered Chop sweep is normally used for low frequency or lowspeed waveforms at sweep times of 1 ms div and slower or where the phase relationship between channel 1 and channel 2 requires measurement If chop sweep is used at sweep times of 0 2 ms div and faster the chop rate becomes a significant portion of the sweep and may become visible in the displayed waveform However you may select chop sweep at any sweep time for special applications 6 Adjust the channel 1 and 2 POSition controls to place the channel 1 trace above the channel 2 trace Set the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS DIV controls to a position that gives 2 to 3 divisions of vertical deflection for each trace If the display on the screen is unsynchronized refer to the Tiggering paragraphs in this section of the manual for procedures for setting triggering and sweep time controls to obtain a stable display showing the desired number of waveforms 8 When VERTicaIMODE switch is set to ADD the algebraic sum of CH 1 CH 2 is displayed as a single trace When the PULL INV switch is pulled out the algebraic difference of CH 1 CH 2 is displayed If two waveforms have no phase or frequency relationship there is s
28. e point of measurement and the channel 1 probe to the point of reference Use this method even if the reference point is a DC voltage with no signal OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OPERATING TIPS The following recommendations will help obtain the best performance from the oscilloscope Always use the probe ground clips for best results attached to a circuit ground point near the point of measurement Do not rely solely on an external ground wire in lieu of the probe ground clips as undesired signals may be introduced 2 Avoid the following operating conditions a Direct sunlight b High temperature and humidity c Mechanical vibration d Electrical noise and strong magnetic fields such as near large motors power supplies transformers etc 953 Occasionally check trace rotation probe compensation and calibration accuracy of the oscilloscope using the procedures found in the MAINTENANCE section of this manual 4 Terminate the output of a signal generator into its characteristic impedance to minimize ringing especially if the signal has fast edges such as square waves or pulses For example the typical 50 W output of a square wave generator should be terminated into an external 50 W terminating load and connected to the oscilloscope with 50 W coaxial cable Probe compensation adjustment matches the prob eto the input of the scope For best results compensation should be adjusted initially the
29. e waveform being observed only part of it will be displayed which may appear as a straight line for a square wave or pulse waveform HOLDOFF Control Refer to Fig 2 A holdoff period occurs immediately after the completion of each sweep and is a period during which triggering of the next sweep is inhibited The normal holdoff period varies with sweep rate but is adequate to assure complete retrace and stabilization before the next sweep trigger is permitted The HOLDOFF control allows this period to be extended by a variable amount if desired A Holdoti not used JUUL B Holdoii used 33 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS This control is usually set to the MIN position fully counterclockwise because no additional holdoff period is necessary The HOLDOFF control is useful when a complex series of pulses appear periodically such as in Fig 4B Improper sync may produce a double image as in Fig 4A Such a display could be synchronized with the VAR SWEEP control but this is impractical because time measurementsare then uncalibrated An alternate method of synchronizing the display is with the HOLDOFF control The sweep speed remains the same but the triggering of the next sweep is held off for the duration selected by the HOLDOFF control Turn the HOLDOFF control clockwise from the MIN position until the sweep starts at the same point of the waveform each time MAGNIFIED SWEEP OPERATION Since merely short
30. ects more positive triggering point PULL SLOPE Two position push pull switch The in position selects a positive going slope and the out position selects a negative going slope as triggering point for main sweep 27 EXTernal TRIGger jack External trigger input for single and dual trace operation 28 FREQ Turn this knob to set the desired frequency Generated This knob is for fine adjustment 18 FS 404 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS NOTE PULL F G DISPLAY For FS 409 only 29 RANGE The main Frequency switch of the Function Generator Each step raise up the frequency10 times from 50Hz to 5MHz and back to 50Hz circulatory Also the range will be set at 50Hz automatically when switch on theOscilloscope the frequency can be observed from 34 LED DISPLAY or connect the 45 out put signal to the 10 INPUT of the oscilloscope to display on CRT 30 Function the Function wave selector to set the wave from output of the Function Generator send to the output BNC 45 31 AMPL PULL 20dB Amplitude knob Turn the knob to adjust the amplitude of the output signal to max10 time continuously Or pull out the switch to attenuate the output signal 20dB Amplitude becomes 1 10 level REAR PANEL CONTROLS 41 Fuse Holder Line Voltage Selector Contains fuse and selects line voltage 42 Power Cord Receptacle 43 Handle Tilt Stand 44 Feet Cord Wrap 45 0UTPUT Function Generator Main output BNC output impedance 500
31. eldom reason to observe both waveforms simultaneously However these oscilloscopes do permit the simultaneous viewing of two such unrelated waveforms using alternate triggering Refer to the paragraphs on Triggering Trigger SOURCE Switch for details on alternate triggering TRIGGERING The Oscilloscopes provide versatility in sync triggering for ability to obtain a stable jitter free display in single trace or dual trace operation The proper settings depend upon the type of waveforms being observed and the type of measurement desired An explanationof the various controls which affect synchronization is given to help you select the proper setting over a wide range of conditions Trigger COUPLING Switch 1 32 In the AUTO position automatic sweep operation is selected In automatic sweep operation the sweep generator free runs to generate a sweep without a trigger signal However it automatically switches to triggered sweep operation if an acceptable trigger source signal is present The AUTO position is handy when first setting up the scope to observe a waveform it provides sweep for waveform observation until other controls can be properly set Once the controls are set operation is often switched back to the normal triggering mode since it is more sensitive Automatic sweep must be used for dc measurements and signals of such low amplitude that they will not trigger the sweep The NORM position provides nor
32. ening the sweep time to magnify aportion of an observed waveform can result in the desired portion disappearing off the screen magnified display should be performed using magnified sweep Using the POSition control move the desired portion of waveform to the center of the CRT Pull out the PULL X10 knob to magnify the display ten times For this type of display the sweep time is the Main Time Base TIME DIV control setting divided by 10 Rotation of the POSition control can then be used to select the desired portion of the waveforms X Y OPERATION X Y operation permits the oscilloscope to perform many measurements not possible with conventional sweep operation The CRT display becomes an electronic graph of two instantaneous voltages The display may be a direct comparison of the two voltages such as stereoscope display of stereo signal outputs However the X Y mode can be used to graph almost any dynamic characteristic if a transducer is used to change the characteristic frequency temperature velocity etc into a voltage One common application is frequency response measurements where theYaxis corresponds to signal amplitude and the X axis corresponds to frequency 1 depress the X Y switch Set the Trigger Source and VERTical MODE switches to X Y 2 In this mode channel 1 becomes the X axis input and channel 2 becomes the Y axis input The X and Y positions are now adjusted using the POSition and the channel 2 POSition controls
33. ent 37
34. ents can still be obtained by calculation as described below Direct Measurements The Models 404 406 409 oscilloscopes have a rated rise time of 8 8 ns Thus pulse rise times of about 27ns or greater can be measured directly Most fast rise times are measured at the fastest sweep speed and using X10 magnification For the Models 404 406 409 this sweep rate is 10 ns div A rise time of less than about four divisions at this sweep speed should be calculated Calculated Measurements For observed rise times of less than 27 ns the pulse rise time should be caluclated to eliminate the error introduced by the cascaded oscilloscope rise time Calculate pulse rise time as follows Tptuse Tas Limits of Measurement Measurements of pulse rise times that are faster than the scope s rated rise time are not recommended because a very small reading error introduces significant error into the calculation This limit is reached when the observed rise time is about 1 3 times greater than t he scope s rated rise time about 12 ns minimum for the Models 404 406 409 Probe Considerations For fast rise time measurements which approach the limits of measurement direct connection via 50 W coaxial cable and 50 W termination is recommended where possible When a probe is used its rise time is also cascaded in square law addition Thus the probe rating should be considerably faster than the oscilloscope if it is to be disregarded in the measurem
35. erform any servicing other than contained in the operating instructions unless you are qualified to do so High voltage up to 2000 Y is present when covers are removed and the unit is operating Remember that high voltage may be retained indefinitely on high voltage capacitors Also remember that ac line voltage is present on line voltage input circuits any time the instrument is plugged into an ac outlet even if turned off Unplug the oscilloscope and discharge high voltage capacitors before performing service procedures FUSE REPLACEMENT If the fuse blows the ON indicator will not light and the oscilloscope will not operate The fuse should not normally open unless a problem has developed in the unit Try to determine and correct the cause of the blown fuse then replace only with the correct value fuse For 110 125 V line voltage operation use an 1 0A 250 V fuse For 220 240 Vline voltage operation use a 0 8A 250Vfuse The fuse is located on the rear panel adjacent to the power cord receptacle Remove the fuseholder assembly as follows 1 Unplug the power cord from rear of scope 2 Insert a small screwdriver in fuseholder slot located between fuseholder and receptacle Pry fuseholder away from receptacle 3 When reinstalling fuseholder be sure that the fuse is installed so that the correct line voltage is selected see LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION To select the desired line voltage simply inser
36. ess of the VERTICAL MODE selection CH 1 or CH2 are often used as the trigger source for phase or timing comparison measurements 2 By setting the SOURCE switch to ALT same as CH1 and PULL ALT TRIG pulled alternating triggering mode is activated In this mode the trigger source alternates between CH 1 and CH 2 with each sweep This is convenient for checking amplitudes wave shape or waveform period measurements and even permits simultaneous Observation of two waveforms which are not related in frequency or period However this t setting is no suitable for phase or timing comparison measurements For such measurements both traces must be triggered by the same sync signal Alternate triggering can only be used in dual trace mode VERT MODE set to DUAL and with alternate sweep only PULL CHOP not engaged 3 In the LINE position triggering is derived from the input line voltage 50 60 Hz and the trigger SOURCE switch is disabled This is useful for measurements that are related to line frequency 4 In the EXT position the signal applied to the EXT TRIG jack becomes the trigger source This signal must have a timing relationship to the displayed waveforms for a synchronized display TRIG LEVEL PULL SLOPE Control Refer to Fig 1 A sweep trigger is developed when the trigger source signal crosses a preset threshold level Rotation of the TRIG LEVEL control varies the threshold level In the direction clockwise t
37. gnal is stop and then Auto re set RESOLUTION 0 001Hz to 1KHz according to the frequency of the input signal Auto Select MAX COUNTER RANGE 0 lHz to 50MHz ACCURACY 0 01 1digit or 1 99999 1idgit TIME BASE 18 432MHz 10ppm 23 C 5 SENSITIVITY NOTE 1 The counter must be set at DC COUPLING operation when the input signal is less than 10Hz 2 The counter are operated by the Triggle Sourace CH1 CH2 or EXT But can not by ALT source MODE RANGE SENSITIVITY 2Hz 40MHz 1Hz 45MHz 0 2Hz 50MHz EXT 10Hz 50MHz 200mVrms 1Hz 50MHz j400mVrms 14 OTHER SPECIFICAIIONS Cal Probe Compensation Voltage 2 V 3 square wave IKHz nominal CH 2 Y Output 50 mV div nominal into 50 ohm load Output Impedance Approximately 50 ohms Frequency Response 20 Hz to 30 MHz 3 dB Power Requirement 10 130 VAC or 200 260 VAC 50 60 Hz 50 watts Dimensions x W x D 5 2 x 12 8 x 15 7 132 x 324 x 398 mm Weight 18 7 lbs 8 5 kg Environment Within Specified Accuracy 10 to 350 C 10 80 O to 50 C 10 80 relative humidity 30 to 70 C 10 90 relative humidity Full Operation Storage ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED Two Switchable X1 X10 Probes Instruction Manual AC Line Cord FS 404 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 1234513 26 14 25 24 23 22 21 E 20 19 A
38. he channel 1 POSition PULL ALTernate TRIGger control to enable alternate triggering Alternate triggering used in dualtrace mode permits each waveform viewed to become its own trigger source CH2 The channel 2 signal becomes the sweep trigger regardless of the VERTical MODE switch setting LINE Signal derived from input line voltage 50 60 Hz becomes trigger EXT Signal from EXTernal TRIGger jack becomes sweep trigger 25 Trigger COUPLING Switch Selects trigger coupling Four position lever switch with the following positions AUTO Selects automatic triggering mode In this mode the oscilloscope generates sweep free runs in absence of an adequate trigger it automatically reverts to triggered sweep operation when an adequate trigger signal is present NORM Selects normal triggered sweep operation A sweep is generated only when an adequate trigger signal is present TV V Used for triggering from television vertical sync pulses Also serves as lo pass DC high frequency reject trigger coupling Used for triggering from television horizontal sync pulses Also serves as hi pass low frequency reject trigger coupling used at slower sweep speeds When it is pushed in the two sweeps are alternately displayed one after the other normally used at higher sweep speeds 26 TRIGger LEVEL PULL SLOPE Control TRIGger LEVEL Trigger level adjustment determines the point on the triggering waveform where the swee
39. he triggering threshold shifts to a more positive value and in the direction counterclockwise the triggering threshold shifts to a more negative value When Slope Ange Slope Range Fig 1 the control is centered the threshold level is set at the approximate average of the signal used as the triggering source Proper adjustment of this control usually synchronizes the display The TRIG LEVEL control adjusts the start of the sweep to almost any desired point on a waveform On sine wave signals the phase at which sweep begins is variable Note that if the TRIG LEVEL control is rotated toward its extreme or setting no sweep will be developed in the normal trigger mode because the triggering threshold exceeds the peak amplitude of the sync signal When the PULL SLOPE control is set to the in position the sweep is developed from the trigger source waveform as it crosses a threshold level in a positive going direction When the PULL SLOPE control is set to the out position a sweep trigger is developed from the trigger source waveform as it crosses the threshold level in a negative going direction MAIN TIME BASE Control Set the Main Time Base TIME DIV control to display the desired number of cycles of the waveform If there are too many cycles displayed for good resolution switch to a faster sweep time If only a line is displayed try a slower sweep time When the sweep time is faster than th
40. l sensitivity In the fully clockwise CAL position the vertical attenuator is calibrated Counterclockwise rotation decreases gain sensitivity In X Y operation the vernier this control becomes Y axis sensitivity control PULL X5 MAG When pulled out increases vertical sensitivity by a factor of five Effectively provides two extra sensitivity settings 2 mV div and 1 mV div In X Y mode increases Y sensitivity by a factor of five 17 CH2 Y Input Jack Vertical input for channel 2 Y axis input for X Y operation 18 CH2 AC GND DC Switch Three position lever switch with the following positions AC Channel 2 input signal is capacitively coupled DC component is blocked GND Opens signal path and grounds input to vertical amplifier This provides a zero volt base line the position of which can be used as a reference when performing dc measurements DC Direct coupling of channel 2 input signal both AC and DC components of signal produce vertical deflection HORIZONTAL CONTROLS 19 Main Time Base TIME DIV Control 20 21 22 22 Provides step selection of sweep rate for the main time base When the VARiable Sweep control is set to CAL sweep rate is calibrated This control has 23 steps from 0 1 mS div to 2 S div in a 1 2 5 sequence VARiable Sweep Control Rotation of control is vernier adjustment for sweep rate In fully clockwise CAL position sweep rate is calibrated POSition PULL X
41. librated Counterclockwise rotation decreases gain sensitivity In X Y operation this control becomes the vernier X axis sensitivity control PULL X5 MAG When pulled out increases vertical sensitivity by a factor of five Effectively provides two extra sensitivity settings 2 mV div and 1 mV div In X Y mode increases X sensitivity by a factor of five 13 CH1 POSition PULL ALT TRIGger Control POSition Adjusts vertical position of channel 1 trace PULLALT Used in conjunction with the Trigger SOURCE switch to activate alternate triggering See the description under the Trigger SOURCE switch 14 CH2 POSition PULL INVert Control POSition Adjusts vertical position of channel 2 trace In X Y operation rotation adjusts vertical position of X Y display 21 CS 406 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS PULL IN Vert When pushed in the polarity of the channel 2 signal is normal When pulled out the polarity of the channel 2 signal is reversed thus inverting the waveform 15 CH2 VOLTS DIV Control Vertical attenuator for channel 2 Provides step adjustment of vertical sensitivity When channel 2 VARiable control is set to CAL vertical sensitivity is calibrated in 10 steps from 5 mV div to 5 V div in a 1 2 5 sequence When the X Y mode of operation is selected this control provides step adjustment of Y axis sensitivity 16 CH2 VARiable PULL X5 MAG Control VARiable Rotation provides vernier adjustment of channel 2 vertica
42. mal triggered sweep operation The sweep remains at rest until the selected trigger source signal crosses the threshold level set by the TRIG LEVEL control The trigger causes one sweep to be generated after which the sweep again remains at rest until triggered In the normal triggering mode there will be no trace unless an adequate trigger signal is present In the ALT VERTICAL MODE of dua ltrace operation with the SOURCE switch also set to ALT there will be no trace unless both channel 1 and channel 2 signals are adequate for triggering Typically signals that produce even one division of vertical deflection are adequate for normal triggered sweep operation The TV H and TV V positions are primarily for viewing composite video waveforms Horizontal sync pulses are selected as trigger when the trigger COUPLING switch is set to the TVH position and vertical sync pulses are selected as trigger when the trigger COUPLING switch is set to the TV V position The TV H and TV V positions may also be used as low frequency reject and high frequency reject coupling respectively Additional procedures for observing video waveforms are given later in this section of the manual OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Trigger SOURCE Switch The trigger SOURCE switch CH 1 CH 2 etc Select sthe signal to be used as the sync trigger 1 If the SOURCE switch is set to CH 1 or CH 2 the channel 1 or channel 2 signal becomes the trigger source regardl
43. mode may be either alternate or chopped sweep see the description under HOLDOFF PULL CHOP control ADD The inputs from channel 1 and channel 2 are summed and displayed as a single signal If the Channel 2 POSition PULL INVert control is pulled out the input from channel 2 is subtracted from channel 1 and the difference is displayed as a single signal 9 CH1 AC GND DC Switch Three position lever Switch with the following positions AC Channel 1 input signal is capacitively coupled DC component is blocked GND Opens signal path and grounds input to vertical amplifier This provides a zero volt base line the position of which can be used as a reference when performing dc measurements DC Direct coupling of channel 1 input signal both AC and DC components of signal produce vertical deflection 10 CH1 X Input Jack Vertical input for channel 1 X axis input for X Y operation 11 CH1 X VOLTS DIV Control Vertical attenuator for channel 1 Provides step adjustment of vertical sensitivity When channel 1 VARiable control is set to CAL vertical sensitivity is calibrated in 10 steps from 5 mV div to 5 V div in a 1 2 5 sequence When the X Y mode of operation is selected this control provides step adjustment of X axis sensitivity 12 CH1 VARiable PULL X5 MAG Control VARiable Rotation provides vernier adjustment of channel 1 vertical sensitivity In the fully clockwise CAL position the vertical attenuator is ca
44. n the same probe always used with the same channel Probe compensation should be readjusted when a probe from a different oscilloscope is used INITIAL STARTING PROCEDURE Until you familiarize yourself with the use of all controls the settings given here can be used as a reference point to obtain a trace on the CRT in preparation for waveform observation 1 Set these controls as follows On both models VERTical MODE to 1 CH1 AC GND DC to GND Trigger COUPLING to AUTO Trigger SOURCE to CHI POSition controls and INTENSITY control centered pointers facing up Main Time Base control to 1 mS div 2 Press the red POWER pushbutton 3 A trace should appear on the CRT Adjust the trace brightness with the INTENTSITY control and the trace sharpness with the FOCUS countrol SINGLE TRACE DISPLAY Either channel 1 or channel 2 may be used for single trace operation To observe a waveform on channel 1 1 Perform the steps of the Initial Starting Procedure 2 Connect the probe to the CH 1 X input jack 3 Connect the probe ground clip to the chassis or common of the equipment under test Connect the probe tip to the point of measurement 4 Move the CH1 AC GND DC switch out of the GND position to either DC or AC 5 If no waveforms appear increase the sensitivity by turning the CH 1 VOLTS DIV control clockwise to a position that gives 2 to 6 divisions vertical deflection 6 Position the waveform ver
45. p is triggered Rotation in the direction counter clockwise selects more negative triggering point rotation in the direction clockwise selects more positive triggering point PULL SLOPE Two position push pull switch The in position selects a positive going slope and the out position selects a negative going slope as triggering point for main sweep 27 EXTernal TRIGger jack External trigger input for single and dual trace operation 23 CS 406 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 32 Hz the LED lit means the display units are Hz 33 KHz the LED lit means the display units are KHz 34 LED DIGITS 5 digits to indicade oscilloscope TRIG S frequence and EXT Counter input frequence and Function Generator wave frequence 35 TRIGD GATE TIME LED the LED will belight when the signal was trigger by the counter circuit Each flash of the LED means the new data been calculated and been display The time between two flash of the LED is the Gate time If the counter system can not detect a new signal for 10sec The display will be reset automatically When the signal was input from the input BNC of CH1 CH2 or EXT ofthe oscilloscope The trigger condition can be adjusted by 26 TRIG LEVEL knob The Gate time are controled by the CPU from 0 25sec to 10sec automatically REAR PANEL CONTROLS 41 Fuse Holder Line Voltage Selector Contains fuse and selects line voltage 42 Power Cord Receptacle 43 Handle Tilt Stand
46. r remember that high voltage may appear at unexpected points in defective equipment 3 Use an insulated floor material or a large insulated floor mat to stand on and an insulated work surface on which to place equipment make certain such surfaces are not damp or wet 4 Use the time proven one hand in the pocket technique while handling an instrument probe Be particularly careful to avoid contacting a nearby metal object that could provide a good ground return path 5 When using a probe touch only the insulated portion Never touch the exposed tip portion 6 When testing ac powered equipment remember that ac line voltage is usually present on some power input circuits such as the on off switch fuses power transformer etc any time the equipment is connected to an ac outlet even if the equipment is turned off 7 Some equipment with a two wire ac power cord including some with polarized power plugs is the hot chassis type This includes most recent television receivers and audio equipment A plastic or wooden cabinet insulates the chassis to protect the customer When the cabinet is removed for servicing a serious shock hazard exists if the chassis is touched Not only does this present a dangerous shock hazard but damage to test instruments or the equipment under test may result from connecting the ground lead of most test instruments including this oscilloscope to a hot chassis To make measurements in hot chassis equipment alwa
47. r less at 50 kHz Maximum Input Voltage Same as vertical channel 1 SWEEP SYSTEM Operating Modes Main Time Base X Y Operating Main Time Base O 1 uS div to 2 0 S div in 1 2 5 sequence 23 steps Variable control provides fully adjustable sweep time between steps Accuracy 3 except 6 on 0 2 S div and 20 on 0 118 div Sweep Magnification X10 10 Holdoff Continuously adjustable for main time base f NORM to 5 times normal TRIGGERING Trigger Modes AUTO free run NORM TV V TV H Trigger Source CH 1 CH 2 Alternate EXT LINE Slope or 12 FS 409 SPECIFICATIONS Trigger Coupling AUTO Sweep free runs in absence of suitable trigger signal NORM Sweep triggered only by adequate trigger signal TV V Video vertical sync pulses are selected Also usable for high frequency reject TV H Video horizontal sync pulses are selected Also usable for low frequency reject Trigger Sensitivity AUTO 1 5 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 100 Hz 40 MHz NORM 1 5 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 100 Hz 40 MHz TV V 1 0 div internal 20 5 Vp p external DC 1KHz TV H 1 0 div internal 20 5 Vp p external 1KHz 100 KHz Maximum External Trigger Voltage 300 V de ac peak FUNCTION GENERATOR GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz in 6 steps controlled by one push switch Output Waveform Sine Square Triangle 3 waveforms total
48. rm viewed to become its own trigger source CH2 The channel 2 signal becomes the sweep trigger regardless of the VERTical MODE switch setting LINE Signal derived from input line voltage 50 60 Hz becomes trigger EXT Signal from EXTernal TRIGger jack becomes sweep trigger 25 Trigger COUPLING Switch Selects trigger coupling Four position lever switch with the following positions AUTO Selects automatic triggering mode In this mode the oscilloscope generates sweep free runs in absence of an adequate trigger it automatically reverts to triggered sweep operation when an adequate trigger signal is present NORM Selects normal triggered sweep operation A sweep is generated only when an adequate trigger signal is present TV V Used for triggering from television vertical sync pulses Also serves as lo pass DC high frequency reject trigger coupling Used for triggering from television horizontal sync pulses Also serves as hi pass low frequency reject trigger coupling used at slower sweep speeds When it is pushed in the two sweeps are alternately displayed one after the other normally used at higher sweep speeds 26 TRIGger LEVEL PULL SLOPE Control TRIGger LEVEL Trigger level adjustment determines the point on the triggering waveform where the sweep is triggered Rotation in the direction counter clockwise selects more negative triggering point rotation in the direction clockwise sel
49. screen This terminal provides a square wave 1 of 2V p p This signal should produce a displayed waveform amplitude of four divisions at 5 V div sensitivity for both channel 1 and 2 with probes set for direct With probes set for X10 thereshould be four divisions amplitude at 50 mV div sensitivity The VARIABLE controls must be set to CAL during this check NOTE The CAL signal should be used only as a general check of calibration accuracy not as a signal source for performing recalibration adjustments a voltage standard calibrated at several steps and of 0 3 or better accuracy is required for calibration adjustments The CAL signal should not be used as a time base standard 36 APPENDIX IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS FOR RISE TIME AND FALL TIME MEASUREMENTS Error in Observed Measurement The observed rise time or fall time as seen on the CRT is actually the cascaded rise time of the pulse being measured and the oscilloscope s own rise time The two rise times are combined in square law addition as follows observed J Touse HT scope The effect of the oscilloscope s rise time is almost negligible when its rise time is at least 3 times as fast as that of the pulse being measured Thus slower rise times may be measured directly from the CRT However for faster rise time pulses an error is introduced that increases progressively as the pulse rise time approaches that of the oscilloscope Accurate measurem
50. t the fuse and fuse holder so that the appropriate voltage 15 pointed to by the arrow Be sure to use the proper value fuse see label on rear panel PERIODIC ADJUSTMENTS Probe compensation and trace rotation adjustments should be checked periodically and adjusted if required These procedures are given below Probe Compensation 1 Connect probes to CH 1 and CH 2 input jacks Perform procedure for each probe one probe at a time 2 Set the probe to X10 compensation adjustment is not possible in the X1 position 3 Touch tip of probe to CAL terminal 4 Adjust oscilloscope controls to display 3 or 4 cycles of CAL square wave at 5 or 6 divisions amplitude 5 Adjust compensation trimmer on probe for optimum square wave minimum overshoot rounding off and tilt Refer to Fig 3 Correct Ho Cone nso tat Fig 3 Trace Rotation Adjustment 1 Set oscilloscope controls for a single trace display in CH 1 mode and with the channel 1 AC GND DC switch set to GND 2 Use the channel 1 POSition control to position the trace over the center horizontal line on the graticule scale The trace should be exactly parallel with the horizontal line 3 Use the TRACEROTATION adjustment on the fron tpanel to eliminate any trace tilt 35 MAINTENANCE CALIBRATION CHECK A general check of calibration accuracy may be made by displaying the output of the CAL terminal on the
51. terclockwise rotation decreases gain sensitivity In X Y operation this control becomes the vernier X axis sensitivity control PULL X5 MAG When pulled out increases vertical sensitivity by a factor of five Effectively provides two extra sensitivity settings 2 mV div and 1 mV div In X Y mode increases X sensitivity by a factor of five 13 CH1 POSition PULL ALT TRIGger Control POSition Adjusts vertical position of channel 1 trace PULLALT Used in conjunction with the Trigger SOURCE switch to activate alternate triggering See the description under the Trigger SOURCE switch 14 CH2 POSition PULL INVert Control POSition Adjusts vertical position of channel 2 trace In X Y operation rotation adjusts vertical position of X Y display 26 FS 409 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS PULL IN Vert When pushed in the polarity of the channel 2 signal is normal When pulled out the polarity of the channel 2 signal is reversed thus inverting the waveform 15 CH2 VOLTS DIV Control Vertical attenuator for channel 2 Provides step adjustment of vertical sensitivity When channel 2 VARiable control is set to CAL vertical sensitivity is calibrated in 10 steps from 5 mV div to 5 V div in a 1 2 5 sequence When the X Y mode of operation is selected this control provides step adjustment of Y axis sensitivity 16 CH2 VARiable PULL X5 MAG Control VARiable Rotation provides vernier adjustment of channel 2 vertical sensitivity
52. ther altemate or chopped sweep see the description under HOLDOFF PULL CHOP control ADD The inputs from channel 1 and channel 2 are summed and displayed as a single signal If the Channel 2 POSition PULL INVert control is pulled out the input from channel 2 is subtracted from channel 1 and the difference is displayed as a single signal 9 CH1 AC GND DC Switch Three position lever Switch with the following positions AC Channel 1 input signal is capacitively coupled DC component is blocked GND Opens signal path and grounds input to vertical amplifier This provides a zero volt base line the position of which can be used as a reference when performing dc measurements DC Direct coupling of channel 1 input signal both AC and DC components of signal produce vertical deflection 10 CH1 X Input Jack Vertical input for channel 1 X axis input for X Y operation 11 CH1 X VOLTS DIV Control Vertical attenuator for channel 1 Provides step adjustment of vertical sensitivity When channel 1 VARiable control is set to CAL vertical sensitivity is calibrated in 10 steps from 5 mV div to 5 V div in a 1 2 5 sequence When the X Y mode of operation is selected this control provides step adjustment of X axis sensitivity 12 CH1 VARiable PULL X5 MAG Control VARiable Rotation provides vernier adjustment of channel 1 vertical sensitivity In the fully clockwise CAL position the vertical attenuator is calibrated Coun
53. tically as desired using the CH1 POSition control 7 The display on theCRT may be unsynchronized Refer to the Triggering paragraphs in this section for procedures on setting triggering and sweep time controls to obtain a stable display showing the desired number of waveforms DUAL TRACE DISPLAY In observing simultaneous waveforms on channel 1 and 2 the waveforms are usually related in frequency or one of the waveforms is synchronized to the other although the basic frequencies are different To observe two such related waveforms simultaneously perform the following 1 Connect probes to both the CH 1 X and CH 2 Y input jacks 2 Connect the ground clips of the probes to the chassis or common of the equipment under test Connect the tips of the probes to the two points in the circuit where waveforms are to be measured 31 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 To view both waveforms simultaneously set the VERTical MODE switch to DUAL and select either ALT alternate or CHOP with the PULL CHOP switch 4 In the ALT sweep mode PULL CHOP switch pushed in one sweep displays the channel 1 sign a land the next sweep displays the channel 2 signal in an alternating sequence Alternate sweep is normally used for viewing high frequency or high speed waveforms at sweep times of 1 ms div and faster but may be selected at any sweep time In the CHOP sweep mode PULL CHOP switch pulled out the sweep is chopped switche
54. to check that the voltage selector plug is set in the position corresponding to the desired line voltage CAUTION The instrument may not operate properly or may be damaged if it is connected to a wrong AC line voltage Whenever line voltages are changed fuses must also be replaced SELECTOR LINE VOLTAGE FUSE 115V 100 125V 50 60 2 230V 220 240V 50 60 2 e Suggestions for successful instrument operation 1 Never place heavy objects on the instrument 2 Never place a hot soldering iron on or near the instrument 3 Never insert wires pins or other metal objects into the ventilation fan 4 Never move or pull the instrument with the power cord or a probe cord Never move instrument when the power cord or a signal probe is connected to a circuit 5 If the instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer then protection mechanisms built into the instrument may not function properly WARNING The following precautions must be observed to help prevent electric shock 1 When the instrument is used to make measurements where high voltages are present there is always a certain amount of danger from electrical shock The person using the instrument in such condition should be a qualified electronics technician or otherwise trained and qualified to work in such circumstances 2 Do not operate the instrument with the cover removed unless you are a qualified service technician 3 The ground wire of the 3 wire AC
55. ymmetry 50 positive half to 5096 negative half 296 1Hz 100K Hz Rise Time 60ns MAIN OUTPUT Output Impedance 500 2 Accuracy Max Output 20 Vp p No load 1V 10 Vp p 500 load 10 5V Min Output 0 1Vp p No load and 0 05V 500 load Attenuator one 20dB switch lt 2 Accuracy SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT FUNCTION GENERATOR GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Frequency 0 5Hz 5MHz in 6 steps controlled by one push switch Output Waveform Sine Square Triangle 3 waveforms total Stability 0 196 15minutes after power on 0 2 24hrs after power on Limits of Operation 0 C 40 C 10 80 R H Storage Environment 20 C 70 C 0 90 R H 7 Output Impedance 500 lt 2 Accuracy Output Level TTL level gt 3Vp p fixed amplitude Fanout gt 20 Rise Time lt 60ns no load FS 404 SPECIFICATIONS OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Cal Probe Compensation Voltage 2 V p p 3 square wave 1KHz nominal CH 2 Y Output 50 mV div nominal into 50 ohm load Output Impedance Approximately 50 ohms Frequency Response 20 Hz to 30 MHz 3 dB Power Requirement 10 130 VAC or 200 260 VAC 50 60 Hz 50 watts Dimensions H x W x D 5 2 x 12 8 x 15 7 132 x 324 x 398 mm Weight 18 7 lbs 8 5 kg Environment Within Specified Accuracy 10 to 35 C 10 80 Full Operation 0 to 50 C 10 80 relative humidity Storage 30 to 70 C 10 90 relative humidity
56. ys connect an isolation transformer between the ac outlet and the equipment under test To be on the safe side treat all two wire ac powered equipment as hot chassis unless you are sure it has an isolated chassis or an earth ground chassis 8 Never work alone Someone should be nearby to render aid if necessary Training in CPR cardio pulmonary resuscitation first aid is highly recommended TABLE OF CONTENTS OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS cuca a A 30 MAINTENANCE Sut 35 APPENDIX EE GRE I AAA 37 2 NOTICE BEFORE OPERATION 1 Unpack the instrument After receipt of the instrument immediately unpack and inspect it for any shipping damage or missing accessories If any sign of damage or missing accessories are found immediately notify the dealer 2 Environmental These instruments are designed for Indoor Use only Normally operational temperature of these instruments is 10 to 40 C 50 F to 104 F Operation outside of this temperature range may cause damage to the circuits Do not use these instruments in a place where strong magnetic or electric fields exist Such fields may adversely effect your measurements 3 Check the Line Voltage These instruments can operate on any one of the line voltages shown in the below table by inserting the line voltage selector plug in the corresponding position on the rear panel Before connection the power plug to an AC line outlet be sure
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