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WHOI-92-05

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4. 20 I O connector using the two meter RMK 7FS to XSL 20CCP cable packed with the DPM Attach the DPM XSG 3BCL connector to the telemetry controller cable Power up and reset the DPM by connecting the RED color coded shorting plug to the VSG 2BCL connector on the end cap The DPM will now be running and waiting for the next ensemble from the ADCM Note that the first ensemble will not have been received by the DPM see 2 but it is assumed that 3 and 4 are completed within 15 min of starting the ADOCM so that the second ensemble will be received The DPM can be interrogated by the telemetry controller at any time after power up The first non zero data array from the DPM will be obtained after receipt and processing of eight ADCM ensembles or 2 hrs after receipt of the first ensemble Since the first ADCM record is not received by the DPM this will occur approximately 2 hrs 15 min after start up of the ADCM C Program listings Four C language programs associated with the use of the DPM are listed on the following pages DPM C is the main communication and processing program written in Franklin C which runs on the Intel 87C51FC microcontroller in the DPM The compiler used was Franklin C version 3 07 the assembler was Franklin Assembler version 4 4 and the linker was Franklin Linker L51 version 2 7 A companion program PC_DPM C was written in Microsoft Quick C and run on an IBM compatible PC PC_DPM pr
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6. 0 5 mA for a few seconds while the DPM unpacks and stores the data in RAM After receiving and unpacking the data the DPM goes into an idle mode in which it will respond to EIA 485 SAIL requests from the telemetry controller but will not accept data from the ADCM The NSC858 UART is powered down in this state and the microcontroller is idle The current drawn by the DPM will drop to 1 2 mA 0 3 mA The idle mode will continue for 14 minutes after which the UART is turned back on and the DPM is ready and waiting for EIA 423 data from the ADCM The current level will increase back to the original 2 3 mA 0 3 mA until another valid ADCM ensemble is received and the data collection cycle begins again This cycle will 18 continue unless data is not received from the DPM at the expected 15 minute interval e g the ADCM is disconnected or inoperative and data transmissions stop If no ADCM ensembles are received the DPM will wait in the ready state NSC858 UART on for EIA 423 data and the microprocessor will be reset every 32 minutes by the watchdog timer Any time after the DPM is turned on using the shorting plug or an ammeter in place of the shorting plug the module can be addressed via EIA 485 SAIL commands A 50 foot test cable with a RMG 3BCL connector on one end is provided for this purpose The other end of the cable should be connected to an Acromag 485 232 converter box The EIA 232 side of the Acromag box is then connected to t
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8. ADCP DATA PROCESSING MODULE Revised 12 July 1991 Bill of Materials Item Quantity Reference Part 1 3 C1 C5 C12 0 1 uF 2 2 C2 C6 10 uF 3 1 C3 1 0 uF 4 1 C4 100 uF 5 2 C7 C8 33 pF 6 1 C9 22 pF 7 2 C10 C11 18 pF 8 3 D1 D2 D3 1N 5818 9 1 D4 MRD 821 10 1 D5 MLED 930 11 2 D6 D9 FD600 12 1 D8 1N4148 13 1 L 150 uH 14 3 Q1 Q2 Q3 2N3906 15 1 Q4 2N2222A 16 2 R1 R3 10 0 K 17 4 R2 R5 R6 R12 100 K 18 1 R4 1 0 M 19 1 R6 1 2 M 20 1 R7 499 K 21 2 R7 R8 5 6 M 22 1 R9 267K 23 1 R10 931 24 1 R11 47 K 25 1 Ui 87C51FC 26 1 U2 74H C573 27 1 U3 74HC00 28 1 U4 HM62256LP 15 29 1 U5 NSC858N 4I 30 1 U6 74HC4060 31 1 U7 MAX638AEPA 32 1 U8 HA5141 5 33 1 U9 LTC485IJ8 34 1 Y1 2 4576 Mhz 35 1 Y2 1 8432 Mhz LI was constructed by using 39 turns of 30 AWG enamel wire and a Magnetics Inc P N 1107CA100 3B7 ferrite core 64 DOCUMENT LIBRARY March 11 1991 Distribution List for Technical Report Exchange Attn Stella Sanchez Wade Documents Section Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library Mail Code C 075C La Jolla CA 92093 Hancock Library of Biology amp Oceanography Alan Hancock Laboratory University of Southern California University Park Los Angeles CA 90089 0371 Gifts amp Exchanges Library Bedford Institute of Oceanography P O Box 1006 Dartmouth NS B2Y 4A2 CANADA Office of the International Ice Patrol c o Coast Guard R amp D Center Avery Point Groton CT 06340 NOAA EDIS Miami Lib
9. Status Array Even Bin 8 East 144 Odd Bin 9 Velocity 145 East 40 bits Velocity 40 bits 212 148 213 149 Even Bin Odd Bin North North Velocity Velocity 40 bits Temperature 40 bits Temperature _ 252 20 253 21 No No Ensembles Ensembles l Even Bin 160 Odd Bin 24 Vertical Vertical 25 Velocity 161 Velocity 20 bits 20 bits Tilt Tilt Variability Variability 30 136 166 272 Figure 8 The contents of the DPM output array are shown The output array is sent in two 136 bit halves in response to interrogation by two different PTT controllers see Fig 7 The dummy bit is stripped off by the telemetry controller to give a 135 bit sequence for transmission The values of the error array temperature number of ensembles tilt variability and heading variability are the same for both halves of the array 57 ammeter RMK 7 to DB 25 test cable 9 VSG 2BCL XSG 3BCL test cable DB 25 COMI DB 25 COM1 Qj telemetry E controller Acromag 485 232 converter Figure 9 A schematic of the DPM test configuration including two IBM compatible PCs an ammeter and various test cables is shown The ammeter replaces the DPM shorting plug and is used to check current draw by the UART and microcontroller The PCs simulate the ADCM and telemetry controller The ADCM simulator sends a sequence of data ensembles designed to test a variety of DPM error checking features to the DPM Th
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11. 1 1 This information is useful for putting the half arrays back together in the proper order particularly if occasional transmissions are missed The repeated header and alternating even odd bin sequence is similar to the scheme described by McPhaden et al 1990 and ensures that usable data spanning the desired depths albeit with poorer resolution will be received even if one of the telemetry systems malfunctions Due to the limited space 135 bits allotted to the ADCM for each hourly transmission from the IOEB Fig 7 the averaged data had to be reduced further before going into the output buffer This was accomplished by choosing not to transmit the echo amplitude array and restricting the output header to a subset of the averaged leader data The floating point horizontal velocity data is scaled and converted into 8 bit integers the vertical velocity into 4 bits The first half of the 272 bit output array Fig 8 consists of a dummy bit count bit even odd bin bit even bin status array 5 bits error flag array 4 bits temperature 8 bits number of ensembles in the average 4 bits tilt standard deviation 6 bits heading standard deviation 6 bits even bin east velocity array 40 bits even bin north velocity 40 bits and even bin vertical velocity 20 bits The second half of the output array Fig 8 contains the same count bit the opposite even odd bin bit the same error temperature ensemble and instrument motion dat
12. Hole MA Technical Report WHOI 90 2 128 pp IEEE Computer Society 1985 IEEE standard serial ASCII instrumentation loop SAIL shipboard data communication IEEE New York Irish J D K E Morey G J Needell and J D Wood 1991 A current meter with intelligent data system environmental sensors and telemetry IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 16 4 319 328 McPhaden M J H B Milburn A I Nakamura and A J Shepherd 1990 PROTEUS Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents Proc MTS 1990 Conference Marine Technological Society 353 357 McPhaden M J H B Milburn A I Nakamura and A J Shepherd 1991 PROTEUS Profile Telemetry of Upper Ocean Currents Sea Technology February Issue 10 19 Park M M R C Singer A J Plueddemann and R A Weller 1991 High speed real time data acquisition for vector measuring current meters IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 16 4 360 367 Plueddemann A J 1991 Internal wave observations from the Arctic Environmental Drifting Buoy Journal of Geophysical Research submitted RD Instruments 1991a Self Contained Acoustic Doppler Profiler Technical Manual RD Instruments San Diego CA 330 pp RD Instruments 1991b Deployment Program User s Manual RD Instruments San Diego CA 34 pp 16 Appendices A Test procedure A test procedure meant to be used in verifying the operation of the DPM prior to field deployment is described below Two
13. IBM compatible PCs an ammeter and various test cables are necessary for the complete test Fig 9 The ammeter replaces the DPM shorting plug and is used to check current draw by the UART and microcontroller The procedure can be performed without the ammeter if current checks are not desired The PCs simulate the ADCM and telemetry controller The result of the test is sequence of DPM output records which can be compared to a file containing the expected output A RMK 7 to DB 25 test cable is needed to connect the EIA 423 side of the DPM to the PC simulating the ADCM A program called OVERNITE C see Appendix C is run on this PC to send simulated ADCM data transmissions to the DPM The program accesses a data file called DPMCCS6 BIN containing a sequence of previously recorded ADCM binary data ensembles which have been modified to test a variety of DPM features A RMG 3BCL connector and cable are used to connect the EIA 485 side of the DPM to an Acromag EIA 485 to EIA 232 converter box A second cable with two DB 25 connectors attaches the Acromag box to the serial port COM1 of the PC simulating the telemetry controller This PC runs a program called TT C see Appendix C which requests processed data records from the DPM using SAIL commands The VSG 2BCL connector on the top end cap of the DPM is used to power the module dummy plug is used to cover this connector when the DPM is not in use The RED color coded shorting plug turns the DPM
14. RANGE BEAM 3 BT RANGE BEAM 4 PITCH STD DEV ROLL STD DEV HEADING STD DEV CTD MEASUREMENT INTERVAL BT4GD 1 BTAGD 2 BT GD 3 BTZGD 4 43 44 45 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 ER MSB 60 61 LSB 62 63 Figure 6 The contents of the ADCM leader are shown All leader data except that related to CTD sampling and bottom tracking neither of which are implemented are decoded and stored in RAM Some data e g number of bins BIT status are used in error checking Other data e g heading and tilt are used during processing WTS 5 SEACAT II 32 PTTO SEACAT amp DO FL 56 Schedule Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 Hour 5 Hour 6 Figure 7 The transmission scheme for the IOEB Argos telemetry system is shown Two PTTs are used to transmit data from various sensors The two PTT controllers each using a different SAIL address interrogate the DPM at two hour intervals to request ADCM data The DPM sends the even bin data in response to one of the SAIL addresses and the odd bin data in response to the other Since the two hour PTT transmission intervals are staggered by one hour the DPM is interrogated twice over a two hour interval once by each PTT and the full output array is transmitted in two halves 96 Bit 4 Dummy No Counter 2 Counter 3 Even Bin Flag Heading Even Bin Flag Heading Variability Variability
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16. and its use requires no modification to the current meter The motivation for this work was the desire for real time monitoring and data transmission from an ADCM deployed at a remote site The DPM serves as an interface between the ADCM and a satellite telemetry package consisting of a controller an Argos Platform Transmit Terminal and an antenna The DPM accepts the data stream from the ADCM processes the data and sends out the processed data upon request from the telemetry controller The output of the ADCM is processed by eliminating unnecessary data combining quality control information into a small number of summary parameters and averaging the remaining data in depth and time For the implementation described here eight data records of 719 bytes each output from the ADCM at 15 minute intervals were processed and averaged over 2 hr intervals to produce a 34 byte output array Keywords Satellite telemetry Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Argos Table of Contents Abstract i List of Tables and Figures ili 1 Introduction EEUU 1 1 1 Background and motivation 1 1 2 Design requirements 3 2 Description of the DPM 5 2 1 Hardwareimplementation 5 2 2 Communication and control sn 8 2 3 Data processing 11 Acknowledgements TM 1
17. each of the data arrays is extracted from the header Fig 5 and checked against the expected array sizes Any errors found during these checks result in a flag being set to indicate a communication error The associated data ensemble is counted as a bad ensemble it is not stored and 11 will not be included in the averaging step Ensembles which pass these checks are processed further the leader data Fig 6 is extracted and stored except for the CTD and bottom track variables since these functions are not used and the four data arrays are decoded and stored After eight ADCM ensembles have been received the controlling program calls a sequence of routines that perform several processing steps along with error checking and averaging The first processing step is to document the status of ADCM operation using information from the leader and the percent good array The Built In Test BIT status RDI 1991a code from the leader is used to set two flags one for beam frequency errors and one for transmitter current errors The percent good information is combined into a single good no good status bit for each averaged bin Data in a given bin is generally considered to be of poor quality if the percent good value is less than 25 The status bit is set if percent good values less than 25 occur in more than ten percent of the samples in the depth time averaging interval The next processing step is time averaging of the leader data T
18. for transmission to the telemetry controller The double buffering scheme is used to ensure that an existing output array which has not yet been sent to the controller will not be corrupted by newly processed data Within each buffer the output array is arranged in two halves an even half containing data for the even depth bins of the ADCM profile and an odd half containing data for the odd depth bins the details of the output array contents are discussed in Section 2 3 Two telemetry controllers with independent PTTs and Argos antennae are used on the IOEB to provide a robust data transmission scheme Each controller interrogates the DPM at 2 hour intervals but their timing is staggered so that the DPM receives a request for data approximately once per hour A SAIL data request consists of an attention character a two character address and a data offload command R The DPM responds to a data request with an echo of the address and offload command followed by 34 ASCII Hex characters of data from the most recently filled output buffer The two controllers use different addresses 40 and 41 to interrogate the DPM The DPM considers either of the two addresses valid sending the even half of the output array in response to a data request which uses the even address 40R and the odd half in response to one 10 which uses the odd address 41R Thus transmission of the full DPM output array is split over two independ
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20. on by connecting the 10 5 VDC battery packs in the DPM to the input of the switching regulator After making the initial connection with an ammeter in place of the shorting plug the 17 DPM should settle out within 20 seconds to a current drain of 2 3 mA 0 3 mA At this point the DPM UART is on and waiting for data The DPM will stay in this state until it receives a serial stream from the ADCM or equivalent simulation The ADCM serial data enters the DPM via the XSK 7BCL connector The XSG 3BCL connector is the EIA 485 connection between the DPM and the telemetry controller or controller simulator ADCM operation is simulated by connecting the RMK 7 to DB 25 test cable from the DPM to the serial port COM1 of a PC and running the test program OVERNITE C The test program will ask for a data file to use as input The file DPMCCS6 BIN should be available in the same directory as OVERNITE C and should be specified as the input file The number of ensembles should be set to 144 and the time between ensembles to 15 minutes If a mistake is made in specifying input parameters for OVERNITE C reboot the computer reset the DPM by removing and re connecting the shorting plug or ammeter connection and start again When OVERNITE C is running successfully a message will be sent to the screen as each simulated ADCM data ensemble is sent Immediately after receiving a valid ADCM data ensemble the current draw from the DPM will rise to 5 5 mA
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28. 5 References i TEM Ve 16 Appendices L 17 A Test procedure eee EEN 17 B Deployment procedure ONDE 20 C Program listings 21 D Technical information 49 il List of Tables Table 1 DPM specifications 62 Table 2 DPM connector and cable specifications 63 Table 3 DPMpartslist 64 List of Figures Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig 1 The DPM as configured for deployment 50 2 DPM hardware block diagram 51 3 DPM communication and control flow chart 52 4 Schematic diagram of the ADCM data stream 53 5 Contents of the ADCM header 54 6 Contents of the ADCM leader 95 T IOEB transmission scheme DE e 96 8 Contents of DPM output array 57 9 Schematic of DPM test configuration 58 10 Expected output from DPM test run aaa 59 11 DPMboardlayout 60 12 DPM schematic 61 ii 1 Introduction 1 1 Background and motivation The desirability of data telemetry from remote unmanned sites such as deep ocean buoys has been recognized for some time and several programs at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu
29. 6 40R40221810100FEFF0302060304050287777 41R602218101FCFE010302040404040677776 Figure 10 The expected output arrays from a DPM test run using the configuration shown in Fig 9 and the data file DPMCCS6 BIN as input to the OVERNITE C program are shown Each line represents the response of the DPM to an interro gation from the PC simulating the telemetry controller Over a 36 hr interval the 144 ensembles in DPMCCS6 BIN are processed into 18 output arrays there are 36 lines since the array is output one half at a time 59 Figure 11 The layout of the DPM processor board is shown Component iden tification can be made by referring to Figure 12 and Table 3 The layouts of the component carriers CC1 and CC2 are shown in detail 60 NOTE DEADMAN REBET TIME OUT IB APROXIMATLY 38 MINUTES cag 0 3 uF G 2 4876 Mhz PO 0 PO 1 PO 2 Po 3 PO 4 Po 8 Po 6 P0 7 P2 0 777711709 Vaaaunno LI 1 2432 lwms 3 PIN MOLEX R7 CONNECTOR 5 8 M ua lt Z DATA gt HAB444 5 us LTC485 Figure 12 Schematic drawing of the DPM processor board 61 Table 1 DPM specifications Mechanical Housing Material Weight in air Weight in water Length Diameter end caps housing Electrical penetrators VSG 2BCL XSG 3BCL XSK 7BCL Pressure Rating Electrical Avg power consumption Battery capacity Controller EPROM Internal RAM Internal External COM Ports EIA 485 EIA 423 Fea
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31. A Once the first set of eight ensembles has been processed the DPM will respond to the SAIL offload commands by sending the processed data If at any time after this the DPM responds to a data request with a string of zeros it is an indication that the microprocessor has been reset by the watchdog timer A listing of the expected DPM output when using the simulated ADCM ensembles in the file DPMCCS6 BIN is given in Figure 10 and in the file DPMCCS6 OUT The contents of the file created by TT C during the test procedure should be compared to this listing B Deployment procedure 1 The ADCM and DPM should be installed in the load cage see Fig 1 and the cable from the telemetry controller should be accessible at the location of the DPM 2 Download the desired configuration parameters to the ADCM using the Deployment Configuration Files provided e g 1198 DPF and the RD Instruments Deployment Program RD Instruments 1991b Upon completion of the deployment procedure the ADCM will be running and sending serial data every 15 minutes The first ensemble will be sent immediately following the last entry in the deployment sequence Since the DPM is not connected at this time the first ensemble received by the DPM will be 15 minutes later 3 Remove the three dummy plugs from the DPM and store them in the packing crate Locate the RED color coded shorting plug in the packing crate ttach the DPM XSK 7BCL connector to the ADCM XSL 20BCR
32. A 485 link at any time The NSC858 UART is turned off by the microcontroller directly after receipt of a complete 719 byte ensemble from the ADCM While it is off characters sent by the ADCM would not trigger an external interrupt and therefore not be received by the DPM However the UART is turned back on 14 minutes after it is turned off in response to the microcontroller s internal timer 1 interrupt routine Since ensembles are sent every 15 minutes by the ADCM all of the ADCM data is received A communications interrupt may be either the EIA 423 data stream from the ADCM or an EIA 485 SAIL command from a telemetry controller If incoming ADCM data has the proper character count 719 bytes it is sent to an unpacking routine where the packed binary data stream is decoded An incomplete ensemble at least 1 byte but less than 719 bytes causes a timeout in the communications routine and is counted as a bad ensemble Ensembles sent to the unpacking routine which do not have the correct checksum or do not contain the expected header values are rejected and counted as bad ensembles Otherwise the good ensemble counter is incremented and the data is stored for later processing When the total number of ensembles received the sum of the good and bad ensemble counters equals eight representing two hours of data from the ADCM the DPM processes the data and stores a 68 character ASCII Hex data array in one of two output buffers
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41. WHOI 92 05 Dei Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution PE onn us A Data Processing Module for Acoustic Doppler t Current Meters b Albert J Plueddemann Andrea L Oien Robin C Singer Stephen P Smith January 1992 Technical Report Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No N00014 89 J 1288 f Approved for public release distribution unlimited DOCUMENT LIBRARY Woods Hole Gceanographic Institution BL WHOI M WHOI 92 05 A Data Processing Module for Acoustic Doppler Current Meters by Albert J Plueddemann Andrea L Oien Robin C Singer Stephen P Smith Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 January 1992 Technical Report Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No N00014 89 J 1288 Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government This report should be cited as Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Tech Rept Oe 1 IT H ld WHOI 92 05 Approved for public release distribution unlimited Approved for Distribution James Luyten Chairman epartment of Physical Oceanography Abstract This report describes the development of a Data Processing Module DPM designed for use with an RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Meter ADCM The DPM is a self powered unit in its own pressure case
42. a The DPM accepts the data stream from the ADCM processes the data and sends out the processed data upon request from the telemetry controller The output of the ADCM is processed by eliminating unnecessary data combining quality control information into a small number of summary parameters and averaging the remaining data in depth and time For the implementation described here eight data records of 719 bytes each output from the ADCM at 15 minute intervals were processed and averaged over 2 hr intervals to produce a 34 byte output array 17 Document Analysis a Descriptors satellite telemetry Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Argos b identifiers Open Ended Terms c COSATI Field Group 18 Availability Statement 19 Security Class This Report 21 No of Pages UNCLASSIFIED 71 20 Security Class This Page Te See ANSI Z39 18 See Instructions on Reverse OPTIONAL FORM 272 4 77 Formerly NTIS 35 Department of Commerce Approved for public release distribution unlimited
43. a and the odd bin status east velocity north velocity and vertical velocity arrays The output data is packed into an ASCII Hex array with two characters per 8 bit word Thus it takes 272 bits to store the 68 ASCII Hex characters A pointer set by examining the incoming SAIL address determines whether the even or odd half of the buffer will be sent to the telemetry controller each hour Upon receipt by the controller the 34 ASCII Hex characters are unpacked the dummy bit is eliminated and the remaining 135 bits are added to the data stream for the appropriate PTT Fig 7 14 Acknowledgements Many hours of useful advice were provided by E Hobart throughout the project M McPhaden kindly provided technical details of the PROTEUS development The initial effort on this project was supported by seed money from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in the form of a grant from the Vetlesen Fund Continued work leading to the completion of a field ready version of the DPM was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 1122A R under Grant No N00014 89 J 1288 15 References Frye D E and W B Owens 1991 Recent developments in ocean data telemetry at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 16 4 350 359 Honjo S R Krishfield and A Plueddemann 1990 The Arctic Environmental Drifting Buoy AEDB Report of field operations and results Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods
44. a buoy A recent deployment of an Arctic Environmental Drifting Buoy AEDB developed by S Honjo of WHOI Honjo et al 1990 demonstrated the feasibility of a drifting buoy for making velocity and temperature measurements below the Arctic ice pack The AEDB was deployed in August of 1987 in the pack ice north of Svalbard and drifted for 255 days while collecting data on ice and water temperature subsurface currents and particle fluxes Although the prototype buoy was designed with telemetry capability the data stream was restricted to buoy position temperature and various status parameters Information from the sub surface instruments was not available until recovery A second generation Arctic drifter the Ice Ocean Environmental Buoy IOEB has been developed to succeed the AEDB The IOEB incorporates a new buoy hull design and a meteorological package in addition to sub surface instrumentation similar to that deployed on the original buoy Plans for the IOEB call for the data from both surface and sub surface sensors to be made available to an Argos satellite transmitter housed in the surface floatation element This strategy allows the status of the buoy to be monitored more closely during the deployment and will give immediate access to the data regardless of the fate of the drifter Each IOEB will carry an ADCM and both ADCMs will be equipped with a DPM to allow the sub surface current data to be relayed via satellite to a shore based s
45. an RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Meter ADCM The figure shows a typical deployment configuration with the DPM clamped onto the ADCM load cage Inside the DPM pressure case is a single board electronics package and two battery packs inset The DPM serves as an interface between the ADCM and a satellite telemetry controller 90 Battery Pack Switching Battery Pack 2 Microcontroller NSC UART intel 87C51FC with UART Timers Watchdog Timer Opto Isolator Telemetry Controller Figure 2 A block diagram of the principal DPM hardware components is shown The power system consists of two battery packs and a switching regulator The heart of the electronics is an Intel 87C51FC microcontroller with an onboard UART 256 bytes of RAM 32 kbytes of EPROM and three 16 bit timers Additional memory is provided by an external 32 kbyte RAM chip The onboard UART is used for EIA 485 communications to the telemetry controller while an external UART talks to the ADCM through an opto isolator watchdog timer circuit is used to reset the microcontroller in the event of software or communication errors 51 power on power on reset zero output buffer initialize comm ports set watchdog timer power up NSC UART put microcontroller in idle mode valid SAIL EIA 485 s interrupt 40R or 41R wait for 14 min UART timer Send even hall if 40R or odd
46. atellite telemetry systems like Argos approximately 1 byte min make it impossible to transmit the complete data set In order to be practical for real time telemetry the raw data must be processed to create a reduced set of variables or data parameters to be transmitted An initial effort to obtain real time data from an ADCM via satellite was guided by McPhaden at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory McPhaden et al 1990 1991 The result was the PROTEUS mooring consisting of a downward looking ADCM mounted in the bridle of a surface buoy and connected to a processor which transmitted averaged velocity profiles at 24 hr intervals Although benefiting from their work we felt that the design requirements described below were different enough to warrant a completely independent implementation The PROTEUS mooring and the DPM are similar in that both provide an interface to the ADCM and do some pre processing of ADCM data in preparation for satellite telemetry The principal difference is that on the PROTEUS mooring one microprocessor handled both ADCM data processing and telemetry while the DPM processes the data and offloads it to an external telemetry controller The design of the DPM as a self contained addressable module allows a telemetry controller to collect and transmit data from many different sensors by interrogating each in turn The development of the DPM was geared towards a particular initial application an Arctic dat
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50. e telemetry simulator interrogates the DPM and records the output The output from a test run can be compared to the desired results to confirm proper operation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54. ent telemetry systems The data in the two halves of the output array are arranged so that either half alone provides useful information 2 3 Data processing The DPM processing routines were developed from programs used to analyze ADCM data from the Arctic Environmental Drifting Buoy deployment Plueddemann 1991 There are two principal processing tasks unpacking the binary ADCM data stream for each ensemble and reducing the data after eight ensembles have been unpacked For the IOEB application the ADCM data stream is 719 bytes long and contains a header and leader plus velocity echo intensity percent good and status information for each beam Fig 4 Spectral width is not recorded The unpacking step consists of decoding the packed binary ADCM data stream and filling a floating point array with the decoded scaled data The majority of the data reduction is accomplished by eliminating non essential data and averaging the remaining data in depth and time Some additional benefit is gained from the creation of summary error and status parameters and judicious scaling based on expected data values Upon receiving a 719 byte ensemble from the ADCM the controlling program passes the array to the unpacking routine The first step in the unpacking routine is to compute the checksum for the complete ensemble and decode the header The checksum computed in the unpack routine is compared to the checksum sent with the ensemble The size of
55. ental Buoy IOEB the data stream is 719 bytes long and the data arrays selected are velocity echo intensity percent good and status The DPM decodes the variables from each ensemble and stores them in RAM After eight ensembles have been accumulated the processing sequence 1s initiated 93 BIT POSITIONS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 l OUTPUT DATA MSB 2 BUFFER SIZE LSB 3 LEADER DATA MSB B 4 BUFFER SIZE LSB Y T 5 VELOCITY DATA MSB E amp BUFFER SIZE LSB N 7 SPECTRAL WIDTH DATA MSB U 8 BUFFER SIZE LSB B 9 ECHO INTENSITY DATA MSB E 10 BUFFER SIZE LSB 1 PERCENT GOOD DATA MSB 12 BUFFER SIZE LSB 13 STATUS DATA MSB 14 BUFFER SIZE LSB Figure 5 The contents of the ADCM header are shown The data array sizes transmitted in the header are compared to the expected array sizes based on the ADCM configuration Since the array sizes are fixed after the initial configuration this comparison serves as a check of the integrity of the incoming data stream 94 PINGS PER ENSEMBLE No OF BINS BIN LENGTH 12 13 14 BLANK AFTER XMT J 15 DLY AFTER BLANKI k ENSEMBLE MSB NUMBER LSB 18 19 20 N 21 4 ADCP TEMP HI VOLT IN XMT CURRENT LO VOLT IN CTD CONDUCTIVITY COUNT CTD TEMPERATURE COUNT 55 BYTES 48 55 81T POSITIONS 7 16 5 4 3 2 10 BTV1 L BTV2 H LSN MSN BTV2 L BTV3 H BTV3 L BTV4 H LSN MSN BTV4 L BT RANGE BEAM 1 BT RANGE BEAM 2 BT
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59. half if 41R of output array to telemetry controller EIA 423 interrupt wait for 32 min watchdog timer No Unpack and store ADCM ensemble power down NSC UART set 14 min UART timer reset watchdog timer Ensemble count 8 No Process ADCM data fill output array buffer Figure 3 The main control loops of the DPM processing program and the response to communication interrupts are shown in a flow chart After initialization the DPM waits for either an EIA 485 interrupt from the telemetry controller or an EIA 423 interrupt from the ADCM A SAIL data offload command received on the EIA 485 channel initiates the data offload sequence A valid data stream received through the EIA 423 channel initiates the processing sequence DPM communica tion and control are described in more detail in the text 52 HEADER 14 BYTES REQUIRED LEADER 63 BYTES VELOCITY 6 BYTES PER DEPTH CELL SPECTRAL WIDTH 4 BYTES PER DEPTH CELL OPTIONAL ECHO INTENSITY 4 BYTES PER DEPTH CELL PERCENT GOOD 4 BYTES PER DEPTH CELL STATUS 2 BYTES PER DEPTH CELL CHECKSUM Figure 4 A schematic diagram shows the packed binary data stream transmit ted through the ADCM serial I O connector for each ensemble The data stream consists of a header a leader up to four data arrays and a checksum For the im plementation of the DPM on the Ice Ocean Environm
60. he serial port COMI of a PC running the telemetry controller simulation program T T C Note that T T C is not necessary for a simple simulation of the telemetry controller a terminal emulation program running on the PC with serial communication settings of 9600 baud no parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit can be used to send SAIL commands by hand It should be started at least 5 minutes but less than 15 minutes after OVERNIGHT C for proper results The TT C program will request a data file name to which it will log the DPM responses TT C will send the first command without the attention character to the DPM within a minute after the interrogation loop is started by selecting a transmission interval An interval of 60 minutes should be selected The DPM will respond to the SAIL data offload commands 40R and 41R with an echo of the command without the attention character followed by 34 characters of data and an ETX ASCII 03 to end the transmission The data will be all zeros until eight ensembles have been received and processed The receipt of eight ensembles will take two hours from the time of the first ADCM ensemble Since the DPM output array is in two halves transmitted once per hour the response to the first two SAIL requests will contain zeros 19 The processing steps initiated upon receipt of the 8th ADCM ensemble take approximately four minutes to complete During this time the current drain at the DPM will be 6 mA 0 5 m
61. his consists of a simple arithmetic average over the number of unpacked ensembles in the storage arrays Under normal conditions 8 ensembles will have been unpacked and stored at the end of a two hour period If communication errors have occurred there may be fewer than 8 ensembles to process There are 14 leader values included in the averaging step time in decimal days number of ADCM bins ensemble number BIT status x axis tilt y axis tilt heading temperature high voltage level transmit current level low voltage level and the standard deviations of x tilt y tilt and heading The major processing task involves manipulation of the velocity and echo amplitude data recorded by the ADCM in beam coordinates to produce depth time averaged arrays in earth coordinates For the IOEB application a 16 m 12 transmit pulse was used and 40 eight meter bins were recorded Note that since the transmit pulse sets the fundamental vertical resolution of the measurements the eight meter bins represent oversampling by a factor of two The depth averaging implemented for the IOEB deployment is a three bin average of the first 30 bins resulting in 10 averaged bins Time averaging is over the 2 hr interval represented by the sequence of 8 ensembles Before the averaging step however several other processing tasks are executed First the tilt data is used to interpolate the slant velocity and echo amplitude for each beam onto standard depths Next
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65. mately 100 ms after which it is brought abruptly to ground This provides the negative going edge after the supply has stabilized that is required to properly reset the microcontroller The timing for the watchdog is generated by a low frequency R C oscillator that is divided down to approximately 32 minutes greater than two sampling periods for the ADCM If the microcontroller does not regularly reset the clock divider indicating a firmware error condition caused by either a lack of incoming ADCM data or a glitch in program execution a power up reset pulse will occur RD Instruments warns of a corrosion problem that occurs when ADCMs are used with an external serial device To avoid this the ADCM data lines must be electrically isolated from the external device The design requirements of the DPM dictated use of a micro power isolator capable of data rates up to 9600 baud A quick look at readily available off the shelf components their power consumption in particular led to the decision to build an isolator from discrete parts spectrally matched high speed infra red LED and photo diode were used in conjunction with a discrete current limiting circuit and a micro power operational amplifier to make the isolator Tests showed that although the circuit could be made to operate at 9600 baud data rates it was much more tolerant of changes in the EIA 423 levels and to temperature fluctuations when biased for 1200 baud operation An added ad
66. mble consists of an average over a sequence of many acoustic pulses For the IOEB application individual pulses are transmitted once per s cond with the data from 40 pulses making up one ensemble At the end of each ensemble interval the instrument records the data stream to EPROM memory and transmits the same data through the serial port The sample interval and serial port enable are preset the instrument sends out the data strings at fixed intervals based on its own clock and cannot be interrogated through the serial port while in the operational mode The serial data stream contains a variety of configuration parameters in leader and header arrays plus data arrays containing velocity echo amplitude and data quality information for each bin of each beam Details of the characteristics of the RD Instruments self contained ADCM are described in the manufacturer s documentation RD Instruments 1991a A general familiarity with ADCM technical information data formats and terminology is assumed throughout this report For the application on the IOEB the DPM was not to communicate directly to an Argos Platform Transmit Terminal PT T but rather to a telemetry system consisting of a controller P T T and antenna The controller interrogates the DPM over an EIA 485 loop at 9600 baud using the SAIL software protocol the SAIL 485 implementation is similar to that described by Park et al 1991 Data requests from the controller are made once
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68. ocesses data in the same fashion as DPM C but reads from and writes to disk files on the PC rather than communicating to the ADCM 21 or the telemetry controller This version was used during development and testing but is not reproduced here OVERNITE C and TT C are used in the deployment simulation procedure and allow the DPM to be exercised in the absence of the other instrumentation to be used in the deployment OVERNITE C simulates the operation of the ADCM by taking a file of binary ADCM data and sending it serially to the DPM at a user specified interval TT C simulates the telemetry controller by sending alternating SAIL data offload commands 40R and 41R to the DPM at an adjustable interval The data received in response is stored in a file and printed to the screen DPMSATOUT C unpacks the output data array sent to the telemetry controller and was used during development and testing of the DPM The program takes groups of 34 ASCII hex characters representing alternating halves of the output data array combines the appropriate pairs and then decodes the data 22 2 0 13033na ab olozing t peop3ou 133nq xoeda1d 1 073nq 32edo1d ZU LINISGV ZU LINIOSN Ze pu PpeoTjjo pue sseippe ou28 oi 8187Jgnq dn yes Ze 19Uj3 ueupeep ou3 OZTTETIFUT Ze 819jjnq 3nd3ino xeu IIOSV oui 0132 Ze uop3eojunuwoo ej1es 6 8 OzITEFITUF 4090 SZTTEFITUT vi Ze ZOJLOFpUy 20110 xyoedun ezj ej3qugp wi
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70. pendix C is a complete listing of all software used with the DPM Appendix D provides technical information in the form of tables and figures 2 Description of the DPM 2 1 Hardware implementation The DPM hardware layout is sketched schematically in Figure 2 The heart of the electronics is an Intel 87C51FC microcontroller with 32k of external RAM an external opto isolated UART for EIA 423 communication with the ADCM and an EIA 232 to EIA 485 converter for communication with a telemetry controller A watchdog timer circuit implemented in hardware is used to reset the microcontroller in the event of firmware or communication errors The power system consists of two battery packs and a switching regulator The principal system components are discussed in turn below The Intel 87C51FC microcontroller was chosen for the DPM application for a number of reasons the most significant of these being that all the necessary development tools were available to ensure that C code for ADCM processing developed for mini computers could easily be ported to the 87C51 In the addition to this the controller has many other desirable features such as low power consumption an idle mode 32 kbytes of internal EPROM 256 bytes of internal RAM an internal UART and 3 internal 16 bit timers To keep power consumption low the microcontroller is clocked by a 2 4576 MHz crystal and the UART crystal is 1 8432 MHz As currently configured the DPM use
71. per hour Upon receiving a valid SAIL address and a data offload command the DPM echoes its address and then sends an ASCII Hex data stream to the controller Since the timing between the ADOM the DPM and the controller is arbitrary the DPM must be able to service a SAIL data request at any time even when actively communicating with the ADOM or processing data The difference in ADCM data output and Argos PTT throughput determines the required data reduction The 719 byte data stream and 15 min ensemble interval chosen for the IOEB implementation give an effective data rate of about 3 kbytes hr from the ADCM The maximum throughput for Argos is in the range of 60 bytes hr giving a target for data reduction of at least a factor of 50 For the IOEB deployment a throughput of only 17 bytes hr was available for the ADCM data so that data reduction by about a factor of 170 was necessary set of processing routines written in the C programming language and used previously for laboratory analysis of ADCM data was implemented on the DPM microcontroller for the purpose of data reduction Section two of this report provides a general description of the DPM with the discussion separated into sub sections on hardware communication and control and software Four appendices provide more detailed information about the DPM and its use Appendix A describes a procedure for testing the DPM in the lab and Appendix B describes the deployment procedure Ap
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73. rary Center 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami EL 33149 Library Skidaway Institute of Oceanography P O Box 13687 Savannah GA 31416 Institute of Geophysics University of Hawaii Library Room 252 2525 Correa Road Honolulu HI 96822 Marine Resources Information Center Building E38 320 MIT Cambridge MA 02139 Library Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 Library Serials Department Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 Pell Marine Science Library University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus Narragansett RI 02882 Working Collection Texas A amp M University Dept of Oceanography College Station TX 77843 Library Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point VA 23062 Fisheries Oceanography Library 151 Oceanography Teaching Bldg University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 Library R S M A S University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami FL 33149 Maury Oceanographic Library Naval Oceanographic Office Stennis Space Center NSTL MS 39522 5001 Marine Sciences Collection Mayaguez Campus Library University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Puerto Rico 00708 Library Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory Wormley Godalming Surrey GU8 SUB UNITED KINGDOM The Librarian CSIRO Marine Laboratories G P O Box 1538 Hobart Tasmania AUSTRALIA 7001 Library Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Bidston Observa
74. rol The DPM communicates serially with the ADCM over an optically isolated EIA 423 link and with a telemetry controller via EIA 485 The 1200 baud EIA 423 communications link is accomplished in the DPM by an NSC858 UART which provides a data ready pulse to the 87C51 microcontroller s external interrupt 1 pin The 87C51 on chip serial port services the 9600 baud EIA 485 communication link Both channels use 8 bits and no parity A flow chart of DPM communication and control is shown in Figure 3 The DPM is initially powered up by use of an external control line a shorting plug or may experience a power up reset due to the watchdog timer In normal operation the DPM resets the watchdog timer every 15 minutes after receipt of each ensemble from the ADCM This prevents the timer from reaching its 32 minute trigger In the event that the timer is not reset during a 32 minute period the watchdog circuit will provide a pulse to reset the DPM Upon reset the DPM restarts the firmware reinitializing all variables and zeroing the output buffers Thus a data stream of all zeros from the DPM in response to a SAIL query indicates that a reset has occurred In order to save power the 87C51FC microcontroller is put into a low power idle mode whenever it is not processing data or servicing serial external or timer interrupts The microcontroller exits idle mode when it receives an interrupt so the telemetry controller can address the DPM over the EI
75. s approximately 23 kbytes of external RAM for data storage so a 32 kbyte part was used Since the microprocessor is running at a relatively low clock rate a 150 ns low power RAM was selected The external National Semiconductor NSC858 UART was selected because of its low power consumption and pin controllable power down mode In this application the UART is left powered down for the majority of the time to conserve power The port is set up to receive data only and is shut down for 14 minutes of the 15 minute period between ADCM sampling intervals This part was abruptly discontinued by National Semiconductor in early 1991 there is no pin for pin compatible replacement Other similar UARTs are available but their use would require both hardware and software modifications The DPM communicates with a telemetry controller via an EIA 485 link that uses SAIL software protocol This was accomplished by using a Maxim RS 485 transceiver in conjunction with the microcontroller s internal UART The Maxim part was selected because of its very low power consumption 1 3 mW typ and guaranteed EIA 485 performance This part on the DPM is always enabled so that the module will respond to its SAIL address at any time f The watchdog timer circuitry in the DPM is used to provide a power up reset pulse and to reset the microcontroller if program execution fails When power is initially applied to the DPM pin 9 reset of the 87C51 is held high for approxi
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77. tation along with surface meteorological data and buoy position The purpose of the DPM is to serve as the interface between the ADCM and an Argos telemetry system on the IOEB and to provide a manageable subset of processed ADCM data for transmission 1 2 Design requirements The DPM packaging specification called for a self powered stand alone unit in its own pressure case In a typical deployment the DPM would be attached to ADCM load cage Fig 1 or on the mooring line within a few meters of the ADCM The power requirement was a battery supply sufficient for deployments of 6 to 9 months Underwater cabling would provide the communications link between the ADCM and the DPM and between the DPM and a telemetry controller The communication requirements were set by the input and output devices the DPM was designed to process ADCM data in a manner completely transparent to the instrument itself i e requiring no modifications to the ADCM and to communicate with a generic telemetry controller using the software protocol associated with the Serial ASCII Instrumentation Loop SAIL IEEE 1985 From the point of view of the DPM there are three important characteristics of the ADCM The communication protocol the data stream and the sample interval For the application described here the ADCM was configured to send a binary data stream via EIA 423 at 1200 baud 8 bits no parity every 15 minutes The ADCM data stream also known as an ense
78. the four beams of slant velocity are combined into two horizontal velocities and two vertical velocity estimates The heading data is used to rotate the horizontal velocities into earth coordinates The mean of the two vertical velocities and the mean of the four beams of echo amplitude are computed during the averaging Thus the output of this processing step is 4 ten bin arrays containing depth time averaged values of east velocity north velocity vertical velocity and echo amplitude The final step in the processing is to pack the status flags plus the averaged leader and velocity data into an output buffer for transmission to a telemetry controller As discussed above there are two telemetry controllers on the IOEB which request data from the DPM using two different SAIL addresses Between the two controllers the DPM is interrogated once per hour and the full output array representing a two hour average is sent in two halves It was decided that the hourly transmissions would consist of a header plus status and velocity data for half of the depth bins The header is repeated for each transmission but alternating even and odd depth bins are sent in response to the alternating SAIL addresses A combination of a count bit which alternates between 0 and 1 and an even 0 and odd 1 bin flag are used to keep track of what has been sent i e four successive transmissions would have a count even odd bin sequence of 13 0 0 0 1 1 0
79. tion Frye and Owens 1991 and elsewhere have helped to develop this capability Much of the work to date has concentrated on the telemetry of a limited set of data or status parameters with little or no data processing or compression Although more sophisticated systems are being developed Frye and Owens 1991 Irish et al 1991 in some cases the telemetered information from a complex sensor is only sufficient to provide an indication of instrument status As instrumentation becomes more complex and as information from multiple instruments is combined the data rate exceeds that which can be transmitted via conventional means e g Service Argos By developing a telemetry interface module with data processing capability it is possible to recover an intelligently composed subset of information from high data rate instrumentation systems deployed on a drifting or moored platform This report describes the development of a Data Processing Module DPM for use with acoustic Doppler current meters ADCMs ADCMs produce prodigious amounts of data in comparison to traditional oceanographic instrumentation like the meteorological sensors and single point current meters discussed by Frye and Owens 1991 During a deployment where a high degree of temporal and spatial resolution is required the ADCM may generate as much as 1 Kbyte of data per min Internal recording capacity of up to 40 Mbyte allows this data to be archived but the low throughput of s
80. tory Birkenhead Merseyside L43 7 RA UNITED KINGDOM Mac 90 32 50272 101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION 1 REPORT NO 3 Recipient s Accession No PAGE WHOI 92 05 4 Title and Subtitle 5 Report Date A Data Processing Module for Acoustic Doppler Current Meters January 1992 7 Author s Albert J Plueddemann Andrea L Oien Robin C Singer Stephen P Smith 8 Performing Organization Rept No WHOI 92 05 9 Performing Organization Name and Address Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 11 Contract C or Grant G No Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 C NO0014 89 J 1288 G 12 Sponsoring Organization Name and Address Office of Naval Research 13 Type of Report amp Period Covered Technical Report 15 Supplementary Notes This report should be cited as Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Tech Rept WHOI 92 05 16 Abstract Limit 200 words This report describes the development of a Data Processing Module DPM designed for use with an RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Meter ADCM The DPM is a self powered unit in its own pressure case and its use requires no modification to the current meter The motivation for this work was the desire for real time monitoring and data transmission from an ADCM deployed at a remote site The DPM serves as an interface between the ADCM and a satellite telemetry package consisting of a controller an Argos Platform Transmit Terminal and an antenn
81. tures 12 July 1991 6061 T6 Aluminum Alloy Hardcoated Anode protected 13 kg 6 6 kg 50 5 cm 14 6 cm 14 cm 3 1 each 1 each 1 each 5000 db 15 mW 28 Ah Q 10 5 VDC Alkaline Intel 87C51FC 32 k 256 Bytes 32 k 2 1 each 1 each Watchdog Reset Isolated EIA 423 Port Addressable Low power consumption Environmentally tested from 50 to 30 deg C Length with connectors mated includes anodes Optically isolated configured for Simplex operation 62 Table 2 DPM connector amp cable specifications Manufacturer Bulkhead Connectors Dummy connector for shipping Shorting connector Brantner amp Associates Inc 1240 Vernon Way El Cajon CA 92020 1874 DPM Connectors XSK 7BCL 1 each for EIA 423 port XSL 3BCL 1 each for EIA 485 port VSG 2BCL 1 each for power switch RMK 7 FSD w locking sleeve K FSL P RMG 3 FSD w locking sleeve G FSL P VMG 2 FSD w locking sleeve G FSL P Specified as VMG 2 FSD with Pins 1 and 2 Electrically connected used with locking sleeve P N G FSL P ADCP DPM Interconnecting Cable Assembly Cable Terminations Cable Length Cable material Pressure Rating Cable Wiring XSL 20CCP RMK 7FS with locking sleeve p n K FLS P 2 meters 18 7 SO 7 conductor 18 AWG copper wire rubber insulated with neoprene outer jacket 20 000 psi mated XSL TT Ping XSK 7FS Pin 63 Table 3 DPM parts list
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84. vantage of this 1200 baud configuration was that the isolator performed well over such a wide range of signal levels that it could be driven directly from a serial port on a PC Since high baud rates were not required to handle the 719 bytes of ADCM data at 15 minute intervals the more robust and versatile 1200 baud configuration was implemented The DPM is equipped with two 7 D cell alkaline battery packs This provides a nominal 10 5 V source with a 28 ampere hour capacity De rating the batteries to 6696 of capacity to accommodate their degradation at low temperatures and to allow for some safety factor leaves the DPM with a working capacity of 18 5 ampere hours Design goals were to provide the DPM with a service life expectancy of approximately 9 months given the duty cycle appropriate for the IOEB deployment The function of the voltage regulator is to convert the battery voltage to a constant 5 volt supply for the DPM The Maxim MAX638EPA switching regulator was chosen for its high conversion efficiency and small size low associated parts count Bench tests showed that the configuration used in the DPM would function at 75 to 92 efficiency over the full range of expected operating conditions The wide range of efficiency is due to load conditions that vary from 2 30 mA and from an input battery voltage range that varies from 11 6 5 V 6 5 is the minimum input voltage allowed for regulator operation 2 2 Communication and cont

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