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Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User`s Manual

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1. The LM100 LTC receives linear timecode at rates of 23 98 24 25 29 97 and 30 Hz and supports drop and non drop frame modes You can set up the system log to record events by time of day or by timecode stamp by using the System Log setup menu Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 41 Appendix LM100 Specifications Core Measurement Algorithms ITU R Rec BS 1770 Annex 1 and 2 Leq A IEC 60804 Dialogue Intelligence Algorithm Proprietary patent pending Audio Sampling Rates 32 44 1 and 48 kHz Digital Audio Input BNC female connector with loop through 75 unbalanced AES 3id SMPTE 276M Formats supported PCM data up to 24 bits Dolby E data supported in 16 20 and 24 bit modes at 48 kHz Dolby Digital AC 3 data at 32 44 1 and 48 kHz sample rates Analog Audio Inputs Two Neutrik combination XLR quarter inch TRS connectors electronically balanced Maximum input level 22 dBu Input impedance 10k ohm User definable nominal operating levels Analog Audio Output Two RCA type connectors unbalanced stereo Maximum output level 2 V into a 10k ohm load per IEC 61938 RF Input Only on the LM100 NTSC F type female connector with internal 75 ohm termination Tuner frequency range 55 25 to 801 25 MHz Supports BTSC encoded stereo signals Selectable CATV or off air modes CATV mode supports the Cable Television Channel Identification Plan per EIA 542 User selectable Standard H
2. The Main Setup Menu Table 4 2 defines the Input Clipping alarm parameters Table 4 2 Input Clipping Alarm Parameters Menu Item Controls Increment Range Alarm Enables or disables the alarm NA Enabled Disabled Length The number of samples by which the 10 10 to 200 samples input must exceed the clip threshold to trigger the alarm Digital The amplitude threshold for the alarm 0 1 0 to 20 dBFS Threshold when the input is digital Analog The amplitude threshold for the alarm 0 1 22 to Threshold when the input is analog 20 dBr or dBu RF Threshold The amplitude threshold for the alarm 0 1 10 to 20 dBr when the input is RF When the Analog Loudness Ref setting is not zero the analog threshold is expressed in dBr When the setting is zero it is expressed in dBu Only on the LM100 NTSC RF Overmodulation This feature is available only on the LM100 NTSC Use the RF Overmodulation menu to enable or disable the overmodulation alarm for RF input signals When enabled any signal that modulates the aural carrier by more than 101 percent triggers the alarm Digital Loudness Reference Use the Digital Loudness Ref menu to set the reference loudness level for digital input signals This reference level is used by the over under threshold alarms Analog Loudness Reference Use the Analog Loudness Ref menu to set the reference loudness level for analog input signals This reference level is use
3. Dolby Digital Dialogue Level Dolby E Program Configuration Dolby E Bit Depth Dolby E Frame Rate Dolby E Px Channel Mode Dolby E Px LFE Channel Dolby E Px Dialnorm Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 29 Menus Bitstream CRC Log When this is enabled any CRC errors in Dolby E or Dolby Digital bitstreams are logged You can use this log to monitor and ensure that Dolby Digital or Dolby E bitstreams are not corrupted and or do not contain errors System OK Log When this is enabled a System OK message is logged at hourly intervals You can use this log to verify the ongoing correct operation of the LM100 within the system log Track Measurement You can control the system to follow the Reset and Pause controls provided on the front panel buttons or through the GPI O port When this is enabled pressing the Reset button clears the system log and resets the measurement pressing Pause stops new entries from generating in the system log as well as pausing the measurement If you disable this setting the Reset and Pause buttons have no effect on the system log Clear System Log When this is enabled you can manually delete all entries in the system log 4 3 7 System Settings The System Settings menus allow you to configure several unit behaviors Remote Baud Rate This setting controls the speed baud rate of the RS 232 and RS 485 serial ports Remote Mode When you select Remote the LM100 can b
4. e The green and yellow core must be connected to the terminal in the plug identified by the letter E or by the earth symbol _1_ or colored green or green and yellow e The blue core must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter N or colored black e The brown core must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter L or colored red This apparatus must be earthed WARNING Check that the correct fuses have been installed For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with fuses of the same type and rating For details on fuse rating and instructions on fuse replacement see Main Fuse on page 6 PRODUCT END OF LIFE INFORMATION This product was designed and built by Dolby Laboratories to provide many years of service and is backed by our commitment to provide high quality support When it eventually reaches the end of its serviceable life it should be disposed of in accordance with local or national legislation For current information please visit our website at www dolby com environment Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICE This unit complies with safety standard EN60065 as appropriate The unit shall not be exposed to dripping or splashing and no objects filled with liquids such as coffee cups shall be placed on the equipment To ensure safe operation and to guard against potential shock hazard or risk of fire the following must be observed
5. The LM100 uses a universal switching power supply that handles the full range of nominal mains voltages between 90 and 264 VAC and any frequency between 50 and 60 Hz Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 5 Getting Started 2 5 o O Main Fuse The main fuse rating is T1A L 1 amp 250 V 20 mm time lag low breaking capacity for all operating voltages Warning To reduce the risk of fire replace fuses only with the same type and rating The power cord must be removed from the rear panel connection to inspect or replace the fuse To inspect or replace the main fuse Slide open the fuse compartment in the AC power input housing by placing the tip of a small screwdriver in the notch Carefully pull out the fuse carrier Either replace the fuse with a new one or check that the current fuse has the correct rating Slide the fuse compartment back into place then snap the fuse compartment closed Internal Fuse The switching power supply contains a separate fuse Most fault conditions should be protected by the main fuse If you find it necessary to replace the internal fuse be certain to replace it with a fuse of the same type and rating as printed on the switching power supply board No Power Switch There is no power switch on the LM100 To apply power connect the power cord to a live outlet Using the Default Measurement Display As soon as power is applied the LM100 is ready to me
6. number of samples RF Overmod The RF input signal is greater than or equal to 101 percent modulation LM100 NTSC only of the monophonic audio RF carrier RF Input Loss The RF input carrier is absent LM100 NTSC only Over Level The measured loudness level exceeds the user defined threshold for a Loudness above threshold user defined duration Under Level The measured loudness level falls below the user defined threshold for Loudness below threshold a user defined duration This can be used as a silence alarm Digital Input Loss Digital AES3 input is required but missing Dialnorm Threshold The dialnorm value carried within the Dolby E or Dolby Digital bitstream input differs from the user defined threshold for a user defined duration Phase Error The stereo signal s Left and Right channels are out of phase DE RF Ov Protect The DE RF Overmod metadata field is enabled Dolby E RF overmodulation protection Use the Alarm Control setup menu to control the alarm parameters as described in Section 4 3 4 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual System Log Any alarm condition triggers the Audio Alarm LED increments the associated counter in the Alarm Stats menu triggers the global alarm GPI O pin and triggers the appropriate GPI O on the Alarm port as shown in Table 5 3 You can use the Alarm port to create a notification method in your studio or control room This can alert you
7. and All Display Exvample non n ocn nnonn ocn n aran nn rca rrnnn anna 7 Universal Remote Main Screen cccccscesccceeeeescccceeeeeeececeeenenceceneneneeeeeeenseeaeenentenaeeeeenaes 10 EMTOO Front PAN estate ege eege lees AER dias inecesedasecengelds Gece dal aeeedenigets 11 Main Status Screen Receiving a Dolby Digital Stream in Default Mode occconnninnnnnnn 16 Main Status Screen Receiving a Dolby Digital Stream in Leq A Mode n 16 Main Status Screen with No Input Gong 16 Main Status Screen when Receiving a Dolby E Giream 16 Main Status Screen when Receiving a PCM Gional 17 Main Status Screen when Receiving an Analog Signal 17 Main Status Screen when Receiving an RF Gong 17 Main Status Screen Displaying a Recommended Dialnorm Setting for an Analog Input 19 Level Meter Displaying a Dolby E 7 1 Input 19 Save Preset Mons serrer geed EE ala 28 save Preset Prompt genge gesi ai indie 28 Preset Confirmation Message estipe eani EEE AREE EEEa 28 Listening Icon Display before Dialogue Intelligence Computes A 35 Short Term Measurement Sreser a E A ETa ETE SE E 36 Short Term Dialogue Level History Example Using LM100 Logging Features 37 System Log Status MOnu risene RAAE A AEE EAA E AA EES ER 40 System Log Entry Detail Display serrana iini A A A E 40 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual ix Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 4 1 Table 4 2 Table 4 3 Table 4 4 Table 4 5 Table 5 1 Table 5 2 Table 5 3 Tabl
8. are not included in the measurement value Note The Dialogue Intelligence algorithm is designed to return a dialogue based measurement value only when this input signal primarily contains the characteristics of dialogue Therefore on rare occasions the algorithm may ignore a section of the program that contains dialogue but may also be coincident with other types of signals and spectra such as music or effects This behavior increases the accuracy and confidence of the dialogue based measurement value Measurement Methods Short Term vs Infinite Term The LM100 has two methods of operation relating to the measurement period Infinite Term and Short Term This section describes the behavior of both Infinite Term Method Infinite measurements cover the entire period since the measurement was reset Both ITU R and Leq A measurements are available using the Infinite Term method Enabling Dialogue Intelligence allows you to simply quantify all the sections of the program that contain only dialogue and use the ending measurement value for analysis and normalization This value is also commonly used to set the dialogue normalization parameter within Dolby Digital and Dolby E bitstreams Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 35 Features 36 Infinite method is typically used when it is possible to measure the entire duration of the program for example all 30 seconds of a commercial or the whole two hours of a mov
9. can be used for software upgrades to connect to a custom built remote control software interface or to send LM100 system log file entries to any device that can receive ASCII text strings using RS 232 protocol For details see Section 5 7 Serial Ports Note Connecting a cable to this port disables the rear panel Remote RS 485 port 3 4 The Headphone Connection You can connect headphones to the LM100 for confidence monitoring of the active program To adjust headphone volume press the front panel button combination Shift then Enter 14 Dolby LM 00 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Chapter 4 Menus This chapter explains how to navigate through the Dolby LM100 menus It also provides a detailed description of the status menus and the main setup menu The material includes e Menu Basics e The Status Menus e The Main Setup Menu 4 1 Menu Basics The LM100 front panel screen displays status menus that show the current measurement and settings and setup menus that control the LM100 functions The status menus and main setup menu are separate structures To view the main setup menu when a status menu is displayed press Setup To view a status menu when a setup menu is displayed press the button combination Shift then Setup Note If you do not press a front panel button within the interval set on the Screen Saver Timeout setup menu the LM100 displays a screen saver that inverts the display Pressing
10. not continuous Check the Dolby E stream Dolby E frame discontinuity indicating a missing frame or edit Invld AES Ch The input is a valid Dolby Digital signal but the selected AES3 channel contains an invalid Select a valid AES3 channel setting Invalid AES channel bitstream Invld Bstr The digital input is selected but the unit is Provide a valid bitstream Invalid bitstream receiving a bitstream that is not Dolby E or Dolby Digital No Input Input is missing Change the input selection or check the input source Invld Ch Md Invalid channel mode The input is a valid Dolby E signal but the metadata indicates more channels than exist in the selected program Check the channel mode configuration parameter within the selected program in the Dolby E stream RF Ov Prot The Dolby E metadata RF overmodulation Check the Dolby E stream RF overmodulation protection protection parameter is enabled in one or more enabled of the programs No DD Md Dolby E metadata does not contain Dolby Check the Dolby E stream No Dolby Digital metadata Digital metadata Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Front Panel Controls Table 3 2 Error Conditions and Indicators continued Menu Display Error Corrective Action Uncal The unit is uncalibrated Return the unit to the factory for Uncalibrated calibration 3 3 The RS 232 Connection The Remote RS 232 port
11. number must be present in the input stream or no measurement can be made AES3 Channel Select Use the AES3 Channel Select menu to specify how the unit recognizes a Dolby Digital signal from the digital input Selecting Channel 1orChannel 2 specifies that the Dolby Digital input must be contained within that channel Selecting Channel 1 2 requires a Dolby Digital stream in both channels When you select Aut odet ect the LM100 locks onto the first signal it recognizes We recommend Aut odetect unless there are signals present in just one channel Analog Input Calibration Use the Analog Input Cal menu to match the LM100 to the standard operating level for your facility For example if 0 VU 4 dBu 1 23 Vus set the analog input calibration to 4 dBu This allows a 1 kHz line up level at 0 VU to display 0 dBr on the LM100 You also use this parameter to calculate the recommended dialnorm value when measuring an analog input signal Note Whenthe Analog Loudness Ref setting is not zero measurement for the analog input is expressed in dBr When the setting is zero the measurement is expressed in dBu reflecting that 0 dBu 0 775 Vas Table 4 1 Common Reference Levels Reference Analog Loudness Ref Volts Digital Loudness Ref SMPTE RP155 4 dBu 1 23 Ves 20 dBFS EBU R68 0 dBu 0 775 Vins 18 dBFS RF Tuning Mode This feature is available only on the LM100 NTSC Use the RF Tuning Mode menu to select the fr
12. o Ensure that your mains supply is in the correct range for the input power requirement of the unit o Ensure fuses fitted are the correct rating and type as marked on the unit o The unit must be earthed by connecting to a correctly wired and earthed power outlet o The power cord supplied with this unit must be wired as follows Live Brown Neutral Blue Earth Green Yellow IMPORTANT NOTE DE SECURITE Ce materiel est conforme la norme EN60065 Ne pas exposer cet appareil aux claboussures ou aux gouttes de liquide Ne pas poser d objets remplis de liquide tels que des tasses de caf sur l appareil Pour vous assurer d un fonctionnement sans danger et de pr venir tout choc lectrique ou tout risque d incendie veillez a observer les recommandations suivantes o Leselecteur de tension doit tre plac sur la valeur correspondante a votre alimentation r seau o Les fusibles doivent correspondre a la valeur indiqu e sur le materiel o Le materiel doit tre correctement reli a la terre o Le cordon secteur livr avec le materiel doit tre cabl de la mani re suivante Phase Brun Neutre Bleu Terre Vert Jaune WICHTIGER SICHERHEITSHINWEIs Dieses Ger t entspricht der Sicherheitsnorm EN60065 Das Ger t darf nicht mit Fl ssigkeiten Spritzwasser usw in Ber hrung kommen stellen Sie keine GefaBe z B Kaffeetassen auf das Ger t F r das sichere Funktionieren des Ger tes und zur Unfallverh tung elektrischer Schlag
13. s Manual
14. to specific alarms see Table 5 3 while recording alarms you define as less urgent in the Alarm Stats menu and the system log Table 5 3 Alarm Output Port Connector Map Pin Status Parameter or Function 1 Input clip detection counter RF overmodulation counter LM100 NTSC 00000 only 0000 N Loudness above threshold counter Loudness below threshold counter Digital input loss counter Dialnorm threshold counter Asserted during an error condition Asserted when hardware is faulty N CO NIADA OT eA w Signal ground 5 6 System Log The system log is capable of storing 480 individual time stamped events If you connect a remote interface cable to either the front or rear panel serial ports described in Section 5 7 you can store a record of every logged event Each alarm condition is stored in the internal system log in the following format Date Time Alarm ID Description Count The description field contains information about the alarm type as well as the associated signal measurement when the alarm triggered Here is a sample text log from the LM100 19 Feb 2003 13 49 50 1001 RF Overmodulation Count 1 19 Feb 2003 13 50 23 2001 Input Format Dolby Digital 19 Feb 2003 13 50 30 2002 Measurement Pause Peak 3 0 dB 19 Feb 2003 13 50 32 2003 Measurement Resume 19 Feb 2003 13 51 19 3002 LM100 OK 19 Feb 2003 13 51 34 4000 Dolby Digital Channel Mode
15. useful for identifying silence and or near silent conditions The Under Level menu allows you to set the parameters for triggering the alarm as shown in Table 4 4 Table 4 4 Under Level Alarm Parameters Menu Item Controls Range Alarm Enables or disables the alarm Enabled Disabled Threshold The loudness threshold for the alarm The alarm 1 to 31 dB triggers if the measured loudness value falls below the loudness reference minus the threshold for the duration specified in Time Time The duration of the under level condition required 0 to 300 seconds to trigger the alarm Dialnorm Threshold The Dialnorm Threshold alarm is triggered when the measured loudness value of the input signal deviates from the dialnorm value already carried within the Dolby E or Dolby Digital input stream This alarm is useful for identifying Dolby E and Dolby Digital bitstreams with incorrect dialogue level values 26 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Main Setup Menu The Dialnorm Threshold menu allows you to set the parameters for triggering the alarm as shown in Table 4 5 Table 4 5 Dialnorm Threshold Alarm Parameters Menu Item Controls Range Alarm Enables or disables the alarm Enabled Disabled Threshold The threshold for the alarm The alarm triggers if 1 to 20 dB the measured loudness value deviates by more than this value either above or below the dialogue level value carried in the metadata f
16. 3 2 Logged events also display on the System Log status menu Figure 5 4 shows a sample display of the system log In the System Log menu to view the most recently logged event press Shift To view the earliest logged event in the LM100 memory press Shift y Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 39 Features nn Figure 5 4 System Log Status Menu To view details of an event on the System Log status menu highlight that event and press Enter Figure 5 5 shows an entry detail display Figure 5 5 System Log Entry Detail Display 5 7 Serial Ports You can use the rear panel Remote RS 485 port or the front panel Remote RS 232 port for software upgrades to connect to a custom built remote control software interface or to send system log events to any device that can receive ASCII text strings through the remote interface cable you connect to the LM100 Note The Remote RS 485 port is deactivated if a cable is connected to the Remote RS 232 port For any use the settings on the System Settings menu must match the connected computer as described in Section 4 3 7 To generate a text based error log to a remote device set Remote Mode to Logging 40 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual GP I O Port 5 8 GP I O Port The GP UO port provides the dedicated functions shown in Table 5 4 You don t have to be in remote mode to use a GPI O device with the LM100 thus you can mainta
17. DO DOLBY Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Issue 4 Part Number 91846 Dolby Laboratories Inc Corporate Headquarters Dolby Laboratories Inc 100 Potrero Avenue San Francisco CA 94103 4813 USA Telephone 415 558 0200 Fax 415 863 1373 www dolby com European Headquarters Dolby Laboratories Inc Wootton Bassett Wiltshire SN4 8QJ England Telephone 44 1793 842100 Fax 44 1793 842101 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURED BY DOLBY LABORATORIES IS WARRANTED AGAINST DEFECTS IN MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE THERE ARE NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO COPYRIGHT AND PATENT RIGHTS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IT IS UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED THAT DOLBY LABORATORIES LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT IN TORT UNDER ANY WARRANTY IN NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE SHALL NOT EXCEED THE COST OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE DEFECTIVE COMPONENTS OR ACCUSED INFRINGING DEVICES AND UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL DOLBY LABORATORIES BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL SPECIAL DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGE TO SOFTWARE OR RECORDED AUDIO OR VISUAL MATERIAL COST OF DEFENSE OR LOSS OF USE REVENUE OR PROFIT EVEN IF DOLBY LABORATORIES OR ITS AGENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED ORALLY OR I
18. ELANGRIJK VEILIGHEIDS VOORSCHRIFT Deze unit voldoet aan de EN60065 veiligheids standaards Dit apparaat mag niet worden blootgesteld aan vocht Vanwege het risico dat er druppels in het apparaat vallen dient u er geen vloeistoffen in bekers op te plaatsen Voor een veilig gebruik en om het gevaar van electrische schokken en het risico van brand te vermijden dienen de volgende regels in acht te worden genomen o Controleer of de spanningscaroussel op het juiste Voltage staat NL o Gebruik alleen zekeringen van de aangegeven typen en waarden o Aansluiting van de unit alleen aan een geaarde wandcontactdoos o De netkabel die met de unit wordt geleverd moet als volgt worden aangesloten Fase Bruin Nul Blauw Aarde Groen Geel Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual v Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 M100 Frontiand Rear Panel Sri sugue rra idad EES 2 1 2 LM 100 e ue UI ue EE 2 Chapter 2 Getting Started 2 1 Unpacking and Inspechon e a e a a eaa a e a aa aaa aaa 3 KE MOnato EE 3 A TO 4 2 4 RearPanel Connections eegnen tutsege nee nde eegal Oe ent AE A RE e Wl A 24 2 Analog Outputs iii ii EN A 2 43 Digitall le 5 2 4 4 Remote RS 485 eeh a ed ceed decd de eared den 5 KEE 5 2AE OPVO EE 5 KE MEET 5 RE 5 E EE 5 2 5 Using the Default Measurement Display ooooononcccccnnnaccccnnnnconcccnnnnnrn cnn nana cc cnn nano 6 2 6 Using the Dialogue and All Display necese et eieren AE AAEE cnn EAE rca
19. Feuer sind die folgenden Regeln unbedingt einzuhalten o Der Spannungswahler mu auf Ihre Netzspannung eingestellt sein o Die Sicherungen m ssen in Typ und Stromwert mit den Angaben auf dem Ger t bereinstimmen o Die Erdung des Ger tes mu ber eine geerdete Steckdose gew hrleistet sein o Das mitgelieferte Netzkabel mu wie folgt verdrahtet werden Phase braun Nulleiter blau Erde gr n gelb NORME DI SICUREZZA IMPORTANTE Questa apparecchiatura stata costruita in accordo alle norme di sicurezza EN60065 Il prodotto non deve essere sottoposto a schizzi spruzzi e gocciolamenti e nessun tipo di oggetto riempito con liquidi come ad esempio tazze di caff deve essere appoggiato sul dispositivo Per una perfetta sicurezza ed al fine di evitare eventuali rischi di scossa lettrica o d incendio vanno osservate le seguenti misure di sicurezza o Assicurarsi che il selettore di cambio tensione sia posizionato sul valore corretto o Assicurarsi che la portata ed il tipo di fusibili siano quelli prescritti dalla casa costruttrice O o L apparecchiatura deve avere un collegamento di messa a terra ben eseguito anche la connessione rete deve avere un collegamento a terra o Ilcavo di alimentazione a corredo dell apparecchiatura deve essere collegato come segue Filo tensione Marrone Neutro Blu Massa Verde Giallo AVISO IMPORTANTE DE SEGURIDAD Esta unidad cumple con la norma de seguridad EN60065 La unidad no debe
20. LM100 is making Infinite measurements of the ITU R type with Dialogue Intelligence on Choose Disable to prevent this display Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 31 Menus 32 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Chapter 5 Features This chapter focuses on the unit s primary functions and the best uses for each of them 5 1 Measuring Equivalent Loudness For years the Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter has employed the use of a standardized measurement method called Leq A coupled with a technology developed by Dolby called Dialogue Intelligence which allows the LM100 to automatically measure only the dialogue portions of the programming Combined these methods are used to accurately determine the dialogue normalization metadata value for Dolby Digital Dolby Digital Plus and Dolby E broadcast content The updated version of the LM100 also can use the new recommended algorithm published by the International Telecommunication Union s Radiocommunication sector ITU R for use in estimating program loudness levels of digital broadcasting ITU R Rec BS 1770 Algorithms to Measure Audio Programme Loudness and True Peak Audio Level This new algorithm also estimates loudness by computing the frequency weighted energy average over time similar to Leq A and produces a single value representing the overall loudness level The core ITU R algorithm however is based on two filters in ca
21. N WRITING OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES Dolby and the double D symbol are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Dialogue Intelligence is a Part Number 91846 trademark of Dolby Laboratories All other trademarks remain the property of their respective owners Issue 4 2008 Dolby Laboratories All rights reserved S08 17486 19783 ii Dolby LM 100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Regulatory Notices FCC NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with this instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Canada This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES 003 EU EMC This unit complies with the EMC requirement of EN55103 1 and EN55103 2 when operated in an E2 environment in accordance with this manual Important Safety Instructions Read these instructions Keep these instructions Heed all warnings Follow all instructions Do not us
22. RC or IRC channel identification plans Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 43 44 Video output composite BNC female Headphone Output Quarter inch standard stereo headphone jack level adjustable Timecode Input Only on the LM100 LTC BNC female unbalanced per SMPTE 12M 1999 Supports 23 98 24 25 29 97 and 30 Hz frame rates including drop and non drop frame modes Serial Remote Control Input Front 8 pin female mini DIN connector RS 232 Rear 9 pin female D connector RS 485 SMPTE 207M Alarm Port 9 pin female D connector 0 5 V TTL level User definable alarms input clip detection modulation overload loudness above threshold loudness below threshold silence dialnorm threshold and AES input loss General Purpose Input Output GP I O Port 9 pin female D connector 0 5 V TTL level Measurement Analysis System Log 480 events stored in internal nonvolatile RAM Unlimited event storage and retrieval via serial ports Power Requirements 90 264 VAC 50 60 Hz auto sensing 15 W maximum unit designed to operate from a centrally switched power source Dimensions and Weight 1 U rackmount 44 x 483 x 375 mm 1 75 x 19 x 14 75 inches Net 2 5 kg 5 5 Ib Environmental Conditions Operating 0 C to 50 C 32 F to 122 F natural convection cooling 0 to 98 relative humidity noncondensing Nonoperating 20 C to 70 C 4 F to 158 F Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User
23. adcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 37 Features 5 4 5 5 38 Channels for Measurement The LM100 can base its loudness measurement on one Left Center or Right two Stereo or all A11 input channels Because dialogue is almost always mixed primarily to the Center channel the default is Center making it ideal for a 5 1 channel program with dialogue If a program without a Center channel is present on the input the unit automatically measures the Left and Right channels by summing the individual channel powers The channels actually being measured as opposed to the Channel Select setting display in parentheses next to the word meter on the main status screen The other selections are available if you need to quantify loudness on specific channels A11 measures the signal by combining the individual channel powers from each channel present on the input Note A two channel 1 kHz sine wave with a Channel Select setting of Stereo All or Center displays 3 dB over the peak level assuming both channels contain identical signals that is they are highly correlated Alarms The alarm setup system provides a high level of flexibility so you can configure alarms to trigger only for conditions that you consider important LM100 alarm types are defined in Table 5 2 Table 5 2 Available Alarm Types Alarm Definition Input Clipping The input signal exceeds a user defined clip level for a user defined
24. adphone jack with volume control For detailed information on the LM100 front panel see Chapter 3 The rear panel provides the following AES3 digital input connectors with loop through Two balanced analog inputs on combination XLR quarter inch TRS connectors A pair of RCA connectors for confidence and signal presence monitoring of the selected source GPI O status and alarm connectors For detailed information on the LM100 rear panel see Chapter 2 Note The LM100 front and rear panel serial interfaces provide remote control status logging and a means for updating software LM100 Configurations The unit is available in the following two configurations The LM100 LTC includes a linear timecode input that allows signal condition alarm events to be logged against an external timecode LTC input The LM100 NTSC includes an RF input specifically for CATV and NTSC off air television measurement applications The RF tuner also includes a composite video output The RF input replaces the timecode input therefore logging in this version is referenced to the internal clock Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Chapter 2 Getting Started This chapter gets you started using the LM100 in a basic configuration and includes the following sections Unpacking and Inspection Safety Information Mounting Rear Panel Connections Using the Default Measurement Display Using the Dialogue and All Dis
25. and the unit remains in remote operation until the same combination is pressed again In the Headphone Volume or Brightness menu pressing decreases the setting incrementally Pressing moves the selection from the current menu option to the one above In the Headphone Volume or Brightness menu pressing increases the setting incrementally Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual II Front Panel Controls Brightness Status 3 1 2 In the main status screen pressing Shift increases the RF channel number when the RF input is selected Pressing y moves your selection from the current menu item to the one below In the Headphone Volume or Brightness menu pressing y decreases the setting incrementally In the main status screen pressing Shift decreases the RF channel number when the RF input is selected Pressing gt scrolls through the status menus In setup menus and the Dolby E Metadata and Dolby Digital Metadata status menus when a menu option is selected pressing gt displays the submenu for that option Pressing Shift gt displays the Brightness menu When you select a menu option pressing Enter displays the submenu for that option Inthe Main Setup menu when a parameter setting is selected pressing Enter activates the selected parameter and displays the next higher menu level In the main status screen pressing Enter scrolls through the display options on the right side of t
26. any front panel button returns the screen to normal 4 2 The Status Menus The status menus display the current measurement values and active settings for a selection of setup parameters and the condition and content of input signals The main status screen shows the current measured loudness value and information regarding the input stream status You can display additional input stream status information by pressing the and gt buttons to scroll through the other status menus 4 2 1 Main Status Screen When you power on the LM100 the main status screen appears It is the most important LM100 screen as it shows the measured loudness values This menu is usually divided into three sections although one display option divides the screen into two sections Examples of the main status screen appear in Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 and Figure 4 3 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 15 Menus Figure 4 1 Main Status Screen Receiving a Dolby Digital Stream in Default Mode Figure 4 2 Main Status Screen Receiving a Dolby Digital Stream in Leq A Mode Figure 4 3 Main Status Screen with No Input Signal Input Identifier The input stream is identified in the upper left section of the display When the source is Dolby Digital the channel mode appears If an LFE channel is included it is indicated by an L to the right of the channel mode Immediately next to the channel mode the data rate in kbps appears Whe
27. ast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Status Menus Figure 4 8 Main Status Screen Displaying a Recommended Dialnorm Setting for an Analog Input Note The valid range for the dialnorm value is from 1 to 31 dBFS However the derived analog dialnorm feature on the LM100 can in some cases display measured values below 31 indicating that the input levels are too low to be properly set through the dialnorm parameter in downstream Dolby Digital or Dolby E equipment ATSC Digital Audio Compression Standard AC 3 Advanced Television Systems Committee Washington DC Doc A 52 Dec 20 1995 Units of Measurement Measurements in default mode are expressed in LKFS Measurements in Leq A mode are expressed in dBFS Analog measurements by default are expressed as dBu Analog measurements are expressed as dBr if the analog calibration setting is not 0 dBu RF measurements are based on a relative scale expressed as dBr referenced to 100 percent modulation of the monophonic sound carrier 25 kHz peak deviation 4 2 2 Level Meters Figure 4 9 shows a sample level meter display This display provides a more familiar PPM style meter for each input channel The meters have an instant attack time and a constant decay of 12 dB second 2 dB second Each channel signal is identified at the bottom of the screen The scale is displayed on the left side and represents LKFS dBFS dBu or dBr depending on the input signal type and pr
28. asure The unit uses Dialogue Intelligence to compute Infinite Term loudness for all channels measured according to ITU R BS 1770 Annex 1 and the loudest true peak level computed according to ITU R BS 1770 Annex 2 for any current channel True peak measurements have an instant attack a peak hold of 0 75 second and a constant decay of 12 dB 2 dB per second following the peak hold Figure 2 2 shows an example screen Figure 2 2 Default Measurement Display Example Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Using the Dialogue and All Display Pressing the Enter button allows you to cycle through three peak displays e The default ITU R method without channel indication e The default ITU R method with channel indication e The existing unweighted peak measurement The LM100 is a very flexible instrument Subsequent chapters in this manual provide the details on how to set the LM100 up for optimal measurement of any input in any environment 2 6 Using the Dialogue and All Display When Dialogue Intelligence Infinite Term and ITU R measurement are all enabled the LM100 allows you to compare at a glance the measured value of just the dialogue and the measured value of all the channels in the program Figure 2 3 shows an example screen Figure 2 3 Dialogue and All Display Example This is not a default behavior You must enable it on the System Settings menu as described in Section 4 3 7 2 7 Installing the Remote S
29. cnn ano nn nc cnn nan n cnc r naar nncncnnnnnnns 33 91 1 Measuring Digital SQUICOS errorae ainia danna neces dial idad 34 5 1 2 Measuring Analog SOUrCES oocoocooccccccnononcncccnononcnnncnannnnnnnnnnnnnnncnnnnnnnnncnnnnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 34 5 1 3 Measuring RF Modulated Sources onoocccccnnnnocccccconoonccnccnanoncncnnnnnnnnncnn nan n nn nn naar nn nccnn nan nncnnnnnnns 34 9 2 Dialogue Intelligence al Leesch ead 34 5 3 Measurement Methods Short Term vs Infinite Term 0 ceceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeetneeeeeeetieeeeeetnaeeeeeeeea 35 5 4 Channels for Measurement eee eeeeeeeee scene e eter eter eee ee eaaaeee eee eaaaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeiaeeeeeseeeaas 38 A REENEN a a ates 38 RE Ee EE 39 ENER e 40 5 B1GP VO TEE 41 SON ESC Model vts ia O edt eed neater oe 41 5SAOLCTC Model circuit EE A di an itl 41 Appendix LM100 Specifications 2 0 0 0 cece cee ce cee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeceeeteneeeeeeseaseeeteeaeeteneneees 43 viii Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 3 1 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 Figure 4 6 Figure 4 7 Figure 4 8 Figure 4 9 Figure 4 10 Figure 4 11 Figure 4 12 Figure 5 1 Figure 5 2 Figure 5 3 Figure 5 4 Figure 5 5 List of Figures Rear Panel Audio and Data Portes 4 Default Measurement Display Example ooooooccccononcccconcccconococononnnonnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnncnnnn 7 Dialogue
30. d by the over under threshold alarms Note When the Analog Loudness Ref setting is not zero measurement for the analog input is expressed in dBr When the setting is zero the measurement is expressed in dBu reflecting that 0 dBu 0 775 Vus RF Loudness Reference This feature is available only on the LM100 NTSC Use the RF Loudness Ref menu to set the reference loudness level for RF sources This reference level is used by the over under threshold alarms Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 25 Menus Over Level The over level alarm is triggered when the input signal loudness level exceeds the chosen threshold relative to the selected digital or analog loudness reference level The Over Level menu allows you to set the parameters for triggering the alarm as shown in Table 4 3 Table 4 3 Over Level Alarm Parameters Menu Item Controls Range Alarm Enables or disables the alarm Enabled Disabled Threshold The loudness threshold for the alarm The alarm 1 to 31 dB triggers if the measured loudness value exceeds the loudness reference plus the threshold for the duration specified in Time Time The duration of the over level condition required 0 to 300 seconds to trigger the alarm Under Level The under level alarm is triggered when the input signal loudness level falls below the chosen threshold relative to the selected digital or analog loudness reference level This alarm is
31. e features a revolutionary measurement technology capable of quantifying the subjective loudness of speech in broadcast programming This technology has been specifically developed to analyze the input signal and make measurements only when dialogue is present Quantifying the dialogue level simplifies a crucial step in broadcasting When switching between programs most home listeners adjust their television volume controls in an effort to achieve consistency in dialogue levels between programs By properly quantifying the level of dialogue you can ensure that the Dolby Dialogue Level metadata parameter is accurate Setting this parameter accurately standardizes the loudness for all programs eliminating the need for home listeners to adjust the volume For details on Dolby metadata see A Guide to Dolby Metadata available at www dolby com assets pdf tech_library 18_ Metadata Guide pdf The LM100 measurement algorithms yield more consistent results than either PPM or VU meters with sources that primarily contain dialogue They comply with either ITU R BS 1770 Annex 1 or IEC 60804 The LM100 displays measurements in an easy to understand numerical format You can use the LM100 in applications ranging from postproduction and quality control to final transmission and program turnaround The LM100 accepts stereo PCM two channel analog baseband and multichannel Dolby E and Dolby Digital AC 3 audio inputs For a facility working with anal
32. e 5 4 List of Tables Special Function Button Combinations rennt enn 12 Error Conditions and Indicators ccccccceceeceeeeeeeeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeceesecaeaaeaeeeeeeeeeeeseteessnesieeeees 13 Common Reference Levele ege kees a e ais 23 Input Clipping Alarm Parametere 25 Over Level Alarm Parameterss ciscicicczosccechasectessahigdheeesedeece ctatecdgoncuneddehedxsdadeeeiehadeceeuhaddelotal 26 Under Level Alarm Parameters ccccccssessssceeecceeecceeececceeeeeeeesesesaeseaeaeeeseseesseseeseseeeeeeeess 26 Dialnorm Threshold Alarm Parameters ooocococccconocccncccnncnccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn nnnnnnnnn 27 Application Examples for Short Term and Infinite Term Measurement Methods 37 MEIER 38 Alarm Output Porta claras toda oral ocasion dunce ca spd dean aged tati 39 EIER Bel EE 41 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual xi Chapter Introduction This chapter introduces the Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter and covers e LM100 Front and Rear Panels LM100 Configurations Beset by loudness discrepancies between programs or channels of television services the broadcast satellite and cable TV industries have long required a simple method for quantifying perceived audio levels These industries have traditionally controlled their program levels using either a PPM or VU meter neither of which measures subjective loudness The LM100 with Dialogue Intelligenc
33. e controlled from a remote control application or device over the serial ports When you select Logging the serial ports output each system log entry as an ASCII text string as it is generated This output can be displayed and stored by any standard terminal application Unit Name You can name your unit using up to 12 characters This is useful for identifying the LM100 from remote control applications To enter a name go to the Unit Name menu and use the procedure for text entry as described in Section 4 3 5 Unit Address The unit address allows each LM100 to be uniquely identified when using a software remote control application over the serial connection using either the RS 232 or the RS 485 30 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Main Setup Menu connecti on You can connect more than one LM100 to the same RS 485 link provided that each unit is assigned a unique address Time Date Use the Time Date menu to set the internal real time clock Screensav er Timeout After a defined period of inactivity the LM100 applies a screen saver to prolong the life of the display screen Use the Screensaver Timeout menu to set this period of inactivity True Peak Channel ID Choose On to identify the channel in which the measured peak on the display occurred Choose Of f not to identify it Enable Dialogue and All Display Choose Enable to display Dialogue and All measurements when the
34. e this apparatus near water PQ az WARNING To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture Clean only with dry cloth o N Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other apparatus including amplifiers that produce heat 9 No naked flame sources such as lighted candles should be placed on the apparatus 10 Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs convenience receptacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus 11 Only use attachments accessories specified by the manufacturer 12 Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time 13 Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way such as the power supply cord or plug is damaged liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture does not operate normally or has been dropped 14 Do not expose the apparatus to dripping or splashing no objects filled with liquids such as vases shall be placed on the apparatus Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual iii Fuses WEEE 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 CAUTION Troubleshooting must be performed by a trained technician To reduce the risk of electric shock do not a
35. els were elevated 5 dB on average whereas the programming that preceded and followed this particular program clearly had lower speech levels 20 4 se Los 25 4 Os Or Set P e SZ en Ze Ms gt Y e Q We BN g Ze gt qt s a as al r a Da rj P a a at af e e Figure 5 3 Short Term Dialogue Level History Example Using LM100 Logging Features Each data point represents an individual speech measurement Table 5 1 shows application examples that best utilize Short Term and Infinite Term methods Table 5 1 Application Examples for Short Term and Infinite Term Measurement Methods Short Term Infinite Term Live broadcast event Program ingest Postproduction and or mixing with audio engineer Postproduction to check conformance with delivery requirements including dialnorm Quality control measuring Short Term program dynamics or the Short Term dynamics in dialogue level when Dialogue Intelligence is enabled Quality control measuring overall program for normalization and or dialnorm provisioning purposes dialogue based measurement when Dialogue Intelligence is enabled Logging Short Term periodic loudness Logging infinite long term history loudness history Analog cable services audio modulator deviation adjustments for cable head ends dialogue based measurement when Dialogue Intelligence is enabled Dolby LM100 Bro
36. ely Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 9 Chapter 3 Front Panel Controls This chapter describes the LM100 front panel controls DO Dolb PS t gt Setup iNeed we H LH E Eso Paseo Figure 3 1 LM100 Front Panel The material includes e Section 3 1 Button Functions e Section 3 2 LED Indicators e Section 3 3 The RS 232 Connection e Section 3 4 The Headphone Connection 3 1 Button Functions You use the LM100 front panel buttons to navigate menus for measurement related functions and for special functions such as hardware resets factory resets and firmware upgrades Following is a description of each button 3 1 1 Navigation Buttons Remote The front panel buttons control the LM100 The front of each button is labeled with its primary function Above or below some buttons are alternate functions To enable an alternate function press the LM100 Shift button and then press the corresponding button The Shift button lights when pressed and remains lit until you press a button with an associated shift command press Shift again or press the LM100 Esc button Pressing scrolls through the status menus In setup menus and the Dolby E Metadata and Dolby Digital Metadata status menus when selecting an option pressing returns the display to the next higher menu level without activating your selection Pressing Shift then activates remote operation The button is lit
37. em Log menu displays up to 480 logged events Events such as signal condition alarms and errors are automatically added to the log you can add and remove other indications through the System Log setup menu To view the most recently logged event press Shift To view the earliest logged event in the LM100 memory press Shift y To view any event in more detail select the event and press Enter If the event log is full and another event occurs the system log discards the oldest event and registers the current event You can clear the system log using the System Log Control menu Each event is logged against either the time of day or optionally a timecode value in the LM100 LTC When logging against time of day an event registered in the last 24 hours displays the time in the System Log menu events beyond 24 hours display the date System log entries can also be sent as ASCII text strings to a device such as a PC running a terminal emulation application connected to either the front or rear panel serial port For details see Section 5 5 System Status The System Status menu shows the current LM100 hardware and software versions and indicates whether an option card is installed To receive LM100 software upgrade notifications please register your unit on the Dolby support page at www dolbysupport com The Latency menu displays the time it takes for audio to pass from the input connector to the analog output connectors and is spec
38. en through program to program and or program to commercial transitions It therefore follows that if listeners at home base their loudness judgment on the level of dialogue then a loudness meter would certainly benefit from an algorithm that mirrors this behavior Dialogue Intelligence in the LM100 provides exactly that feature as described in Section 5 2 1 Leq A uses only a single frequency weighting filter Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 33 Features 5 1 1 5 1 2 5 1 3 5 2 34 Measuring Digital Sources When digital input is selected and the unit is receiving a two channel linear PCM digital audio signal the default main status screen indicates the measured loudness value side by side with the unweighted peak level value The unweighted peak value indicates the largest peak value detected from all channels present on the input When the digital input is selected and receiving a Dolby Digital or Dolby E stream the default main status screen indicates the measured loudness value side by side with the dialnorm value contained within the input stream Ideally these values are nearly the same thereby confirming the accuracy of this extremely important metadata parameter value If the measured loudness value is significantly different from the dialnorm value when the program broadcasts it will sound either louder or softer than programs with accurate dialnorm settings You can use the loudness meas
39. equency plan Off Air Cable STD Cable HRC or Cable IRC used for tuning RF signals RF Channel This feature is available only on the LM100 NTSC Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 23 Menus 4 3 3 4 3 4 24 Use the RF Channel menu to select the channel number used for tuning RF signals Note The channel number can also be selected from the main status screen by pressing Shift or RF Second Language This feature is available only on the LM100 NTSC Use the RF Second Language menu to specify whether you want to measure the second language channel if available when receiving RF signals Monitor Control Use the Monitor Control menu to configure the Analog Outputs headphone and rear panel line outputs DAC on Non Audio The DAC on Non Audio menu controls whether a digital input signal flagged as non audio via the AES3 Channel Status Byte 0 bit 1 is muted or sent to the headphone and Analog Outputs PCM Latency The PCM Latency menu allows the user to set the latency from the Digital Input to the Analog Outputs for a PCM signal Alarm Control The LM100 alarm capabilities are among its most useful and versatile functions as described in Section 5 5 Use the Alarm Control menu to set the parameters that trigger alarms Input Clipping Use the Input Clipping menu to configure the parameters of the input clipping alarm Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual
40. er again to reset the count to zero To reset all error counts select Clear All Errors and press Enter A confirmation prompt appears Press Enter to confirm the global reset or Esc to exit the prompt without resetting the counts 4 2 6 Alarm Statistics You can define the configuration of each audio alarm For details see Section 5 5 When an alarm is triggered e The Audio Alarm LED indicator flashes e A pulse is sent to the global alarm pin on the GPI O port e A pulse is sent to the corresponding pin on the Alarm port e Anentry is generated in the system log e The appropriate alarm statistic is incremented There are six different signal condition alarms Input Clipping Over Level Under Level Dialnorm Phase Error and Digital Input Loss For the LM100 NTSC there are two additional alarms RF Overmodulation and RF Input Loss To reset the alarm count on a single alarm type press Enter to view the Alarm Detail menu then Enter again to reset the count to zero To reset all alarm counts select Clear All Alarms and press Enter A confirmation prompt appears Press Enter to confirm the global reset or Esc to exit the prompt without resetting the counts Alarm statistics can also be sent as a text log to a device connected to a serial port For details see Section 5 5 20 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Main Setup Menu 4 2 7 4 2 8 4 3 4 3 1 System Log The Syst
41. he screen In a status menu pressing Setup displays the last setup menu viewed In a setup menu pressing Setup displays the Main Setup menu In a setup menu pressing the Status combination Shift then Setup displays the last status menu viewed In a status menu pressing Status displays the main status screen Pressing Esc returns the display to the next higher menu level without activating a selected parameter In the Headphone Volume or Brightness menu pressing Esc returns the display to the last menu viewed Reset and Pause are dedicated controls for measuring loudness For details on loudness measurement functions see Section 5 1 Special Function Button Combinations In special cases you may need to reset the LM100 or upgrade the firmware Table 3 1 shows the button combinations to press for each of these special functions Table 3 1 Special Function Button Combinations Function Action Result Hardware Reset Press Shift Esc and gt simultaneously to reboot the LM100 Firmware Upgrade During reboot press and hold Setup the status display provides you with the option of upgrading the unit firmware or completing the boot sequence Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual LED Indicators Table 3 1 Function Factory Reset 3 2 LED Indica Special Function Button Combinations continued tors Action Result During reboot press and hold Enter the status display provides you
42. ie It provides the most accurate measurement This method is most often used in ingest QC and postproduction applications where audio metadata is being authored and levels can in most cases be controlled and adjusted It is also possible to use Infinite mode to measure short sections of content rather than an entire program The LM100 s Periodic Loudness with Reset capability makes it easy for content creators to monitor program loudness during production and editing For example selecting 1 Minute with Reset ensures that the longest average measurement displayed will be integrated over one minute helping the operator to more accurately assess the average program loudness when repeating the same portion of content over and over For more details see Periodic Loudness on page 29 This method is effective when the loudness level of the sections being measured represents the entire program Short Term Method Short Term method displays a measurement value for the previous ten second period as a sliding window For example the first measurement value displayed corresponds to the 0 10 seconds time interval the next to the 1 11 seconds time interval the next to the 2 12 seconds time interval and so forth as shown in Figure 5 2 N O 00 OL oS al vie sch IN LO a a CU LL Measurement 1 Measurement 2 Measurement 3 Measurement 10 Figure 5 2 Short Term Measuremen
43. ific to the type of input stream You can adjust PCM Latency inthe Monitor Control setup menu The Main Setup Menu Inthe Main Setup menu you can configure the LM100 to suit your needs When viewing a status menu or any setup menu pressing Setup displays the Main Setup menu If any setup menu display is unchanged for five minutes the display reverts to the Main Setup menu Measurement Control In the Measurement Control menu you can configure the following e Channel Select e Measurement Method e Dialogue Intelligenc e Measurement Type The proper settings are determined by factors such as whether the LM100 is being used in a live or postproduction environment for multichannel or stereo material for quality control or off air monitoring or for aligning the loudness of multiple services It is important that you understand how to set these parameters Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 21 Menus 4 3 2 22 Channel Select In this menu you determine which of the channels available the LM100 will monitor Selecting the proper channel is crucial if you are monitoring material where dialogue exists in only one channel Measurement Method Choose either Short term or Infinite Dialogue Intelligence Use this control to turn Dialogue Intelligence on or off For more information see Section 5 2 Measurement Type Choose either ITU R BS 1770 or Leq A Input Control In the Input C
44. in full access to all front panel control functions and display information Table 5 4 GP I O Port Connector Map Pin Direction Connection Note 1 Input Source Select 0 Next source open no action 2 Input Channel Up 0 Increment channel open no action 3 Input Channel Down 0 Decrement channel open no action 060000 4 Input Pause 0 Toggle pause run open no action 09000 5 Input Reset 0 Reset open no action 6 Output Alarm Programmable polarity for details on alarm control see Section 4 3 4 7 Output Compressed 0 Not compressed Input 1 Compressed 8 Output Measurement 0 Paused Running 1 Running 9 Signal Ground To be recognized input signals must be asserted for at least 50 ms The pin 2 and pin 3 functions are provided only on the LM100 NTSC Each time either of these pins is grounded the RF channel number increases incrementally pin 2 or decreases incrementally pin 3 by one If the input remains grounded for more than 500 ms the RF channel number increases or decreases continuously until the pin is released Pins 4 5 and 6 duplicate the functions of the front panel Pause and Reset buttons and the Alarm LED respectively 5 9 NTSC Model The LM100 NTSC enables you to monitor program audio from either cable or off air sources using the RF Input This allows you to use the LM100 on program material in its final delivery format 5 10 LTC Model
45. ions on the site Once you have downloaded the software to your machine simply double click the executable file labeled unirem_x x x installer_xxx exe and follow the prompts 2 7 3 Hardware Connection To connect the LM100 to its remote control device use a serial cable from your computer to either the front panel Remote RS 232 port or the rear panel Remote RS 485 port Note You can use a USB to serial adapter to connect the serial cable to a laptop However these adapters occasionally cause enough delay to interfere with data communications This problem is mostly likely to occur during firmware upgrades Take care to establish the best possible connection before beginning an upgrade 2 7 4 Configuring the Unit for Remote Operation An LM100 arrives preconfigured to communicate with the remote application at 115 200 baud using the unit address 8280 The remote response from the unit is fastest at 115 200 baud so we recommend using that rate if possible The unit does support slower communication rates The unit address is only important when more than one LM100 is attached to the same COM port Contact Technical Support if you need assistance with unit addressing You can change the default remote operation settings from the unit front panel on the System Settings portion of the Setup menu Follow these steps 1 At the main status screen press the Setup button 2 Atthe main Setup menu press y until the LCD second line
46. istics of dialogue This powerful feature provides users at all skill levels with the capability to easily quantify the level of dialogue within broadcast programs By combining Dialogue Intelligence with extensive Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Measurement Methods Short Term vs Infinite Term 5 3 logging and alarm capabilities the LM100 opens up the possibility of automated measurement QC and control Note The dialnorm parameter within a Dolby Digital bitstream is after all also known as dialogue level and the term dialnormis an abbreviation of dialogue normalization Thus when the dialnorm value is properly implemented across multiple programs the home listener can switch between programs and perceive the dialogue in each program at the same level When you first enable Dialogue Intelligence the LM100 takes a few moments to analyze the input signal before confirming that dialogue is or is not present During this analysis a listening icon appears as shown in Figure 5 1 When the analysis is complete either No Dialogue or a dialogue based measurement value appears Figure 5 1 Listening Icon Display before Dialogue Intelligence Computes When you enable Dialogue Intelligence the measurement is based solely on the portions of the input signal recognized as having the characteristics of speech Portions of the input signal that do not primarily contain the characteristics of dialogue
47. lue appears at the bottom of the center section That value shows the current non dialogue based measurement the flashing value shows the last valid dialogue based measurement and the counter shows the time elapsed since the dialogue based measurement stopped When dialogue based measurement resumes the time counter and the second value no longer display Measurement Displays The remainder of the screen displays information relative to the current measurements Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 17 Menus In Figure 4 4 the center number 34 is the current measured loudness value The letter at the top left of this portion of the display indicates whether the measurement method is Short term s or Infinite i For more information regarding Short term and Infinite term modes see Section 5 3 The channel s currently being measured appears in parentheses next to the word meter The value at the far right is the largest peak value currently being measured from any individual channel within the program This peak meter has an instant attack a peak hold of 0 75 second and a constant decay of 12 dB second 2 dB second following the peak hold The main status screen also provides different display modes Press Enter to scroll through these different modes on the right side of the screen When measuring Dolby Digital or Dolby E signals the far right section of the default screen shows the setting for the dialnorm va
48. lue contained in the metadata stream If you press Enter this section of the display shows the largest peak value If you press Enter again the screen displays only a single larger magnification of the loudness measurement Pressing Enter one more time displays the default screen where the dialnorm value appears on the far right If the LM100 is in Infinite mode with Dialogue Intelligence enabled and dialogue is not detected the measurement value holds and begins to flash until the unit detects dialogue again In Short term mode with Dialogue Intelligence enabled if dialogue is not detected the measurement value flashes and a second value appears at the bottom of the center section as previously discussed That value shows the current non dialogue based measurement the flashing value shows the last valid dialogue based measurement and the time counter in the lower left section shows the time elapsed since the dialogue based measurement stopped When dialogue based measurement resumes the time counter and the second value no longer appear When you select the Analog input an additional display mode is now available This additional mode displays the recommended value for setting the dialogue level parameter in downstream Dolby Digital or Dolby E encoding equipment this recommended value allows the operator to simply calculate a dialnorm value when measuring analog sources Figure 4 8 shows an example of this display Dolby LM100 Broadc
49. n the source is Dolby E the screen displays the program configuration the bit depth of the Dolby E stream and the currently selected program as shown in Figure 4 4 Figure 4 4 Main Status Screen when Receiving a Dolby E Stream When the source is PCM the sample rate appears as shown in Figure 4 5 16 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Status Menus Figure 4 5 Main Status Screen when Receiving a PCM Signal When the input is an analog signal no additional information appears as shown in Figure 4 6 Figure 4 6 Main Status Screen when Receiving an Analog Signal When the input is an RF signal the channel number tuning mode Cable CableHRC CableIRC or Off Air and input audio type appear as shown in Figure 4 7 Figure 4 7 Main Status Screen when Receiving an RF Signal Measurement Timer If the LM100 is in Infinite measurement mode a time counter appears in the lower left portion of the screen as shown in Figure 4 1 This indicates the amount of time that has elapsed since the measurement was reset If you pause the measurement that area flashes paused and the Pause button also flashes When the LM100 is in Short term mode with Dialogue Intelligence enabled the time counter appears when dialogue is not detected indicating the amount of time elapsed since dialogue was last detected While dialogue remains undetected the measurement value in the center section flashes and a second va
50. ocessing mode Figure 4 9 Level Meter Displaying a Dolby E 7 1 Input Press Enter to zoom in on the upper portion of the scale 4 2 3 Metadata Status The metadata status menu enables you to check the settings of key metadata parameters in either a Dolby E or Dolby Digital input stream Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 19 Menus 4 2 4 Digital Input Status The Digital Input Status menu indicates whether a digital input signal is locked If it is the menu also displays the sample rate validity bit status and individual channel status parameter values 4 2 5 Error Statistics The Error Stats menu provides error related information for the LM100 its input signals or a digital input stream The Error Condition display provides information regarding current errors that are preventing the unit from processing the selected input correctly Two common error conditions are a loss of input signal and an input signal that does not match the requirements for the selected input type Press Enter to view details when an error appears More information on specific errors is available in Table 3 2 The other items in the Error Stats menu provide ahistorical count of the following error types Dolby E CRC Dolby Digital CRC AES3 coding AES3 confidence AES3 parity AES3 CCRC and Dolby E discontinuity To reset the error count on a single error type press Enter to view the Error detail menu then press Ent
51. oftware We strongly recommend that you continue on to install the remote management software Universal Remote provides quick access to the LM100 s functions including some that are not available from the unit front panel Use of Universal Remote allows the LM100 to be located in another room or at a distance from the operator While Universal Remote is in operation the Remote button on the front panel of the unit is lit and access to the setup menu via the front panel buttons is disabled Note The RS 232 specification limits serial cable length to 50 feet Using low capacitance cables can however extend this limit up to 147 feet Refer to the specification for exact information 2 7 1 System Requirements Universal Remote can be run on a PC that meets these minimum requirements e 166 MHz Pentium processor e 32MB RAM e 10 MB available hard drive storage e Super VGA video card with at least 800 x 600 resolution e Sun JRE 1 5 or later installed Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 7 Getting Started 2 7 2 Dolby provides a JRE with the Universal Remote software You do not need to reinstall it if the JRE is already in place Installing the Software Universal Remote software is provided on the DPN 82125 LM100 Resources CD that is packed with your LM100 We recommend that you visit www dolbysupport com to verify that you have the most recent release To download software follow the instruct
52. og or two channel PCM audio the unit can accurately quantify the subjective loudness of dialogue and therefore the overall program level which is useful in almost any environment where audio levels must be assessed For facilities working with Dolby Digital or Dolby E signals the LM100 can also measure or validate the existing dialogue level also known as dialogue normalization or dialnorm parameter value within a Dolby Digital or Dolby E program by making a direct objective comparison to the actual measured dialogue level value The LM100 can determine the unweighted true peak level per ITU R BS 1770 Annex 2 It can also display a range of other audio signal information The unit includes a set of user definable alarms and monitoring functions that can inform an operator of input loss Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual l Introduction 1 1 1 2 signal clipping RF overmodulation high or low signal levels silence phase errors and incorrectly set dialogue level values A dedicated GPI O port provides a tally of these alarm conditions with more extensive monitoring available through the serial ports and an internal event log LM100 Front and Rear Panels The front panel includes Controls to easily select the input source program and or individual channels for measurement Dedicated controls to pause and reset the measurement function LEDs that indicate fault error and audio alarm conditions A he
53. ontrol menu you can configure the following e Input Source Decode Format e Dolby E Program e AES3 Channel Select mode e Analog Input Cal calibration settings Input Source In the Input Source menu you can select the input to use for a measurement A special mode RF Digital expects RF input by default but automatically switches to digital input if a valid Dolby E or Dolby Digital signal is present on the Digital Input connector This mode is used when the LM100 NTSC is simultaneously connected to the digital audio and the channel 3 4 remodulated outputs of a digital cable set top box Thus when the set top box is tuned to an analog tiered service the unit measures the signal directly from the RF tuner when the set top box is tuned to a digitally tiered service the unit autodetects the presence of a Dolby Digital stream from the S PDIF output on the digital set top box and measures it Decode Format Use the Decode Format menu to select the bitstream type you want the LM100 to decode This parameter is normally set to Aut odetect However if required you can override this setting and specify that the LM100 decodes only one bitstream type Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Main Setup Menu Dolby E Program Use the Dolby E Program menu to identify which program to measure in a Dolby E stream Note When the input source is a valid Dolby E signal the selected Dolby E program
54. or the duration specified in Time Time The duration of the dialnorm threshold condition 0 to 300 seconds required to trigger the alarm Digital Input Loss The Digital Input Loss alarm is triggered if digital input becomes invalid or disappears Use the menu to enable or disable the alarm RF Input Loss This feature is available only on the LM100 NTSC The RF Input Loss alarm is triggered if RF input becomes invalid or disappears Use the menu to enable or disable the alarm Phase Error The phase error alarm is triggered when a stereo signal s Left and Right channels are out of phase Use the Phase Error menu to enable or disable the phase error alarm DE RF Overmod Protect The DE RF Overmod Protect alarm is triggered when a Dolby E signal with the RF Overmod metadata field enabled is detected Use the menu to enable or disable the alarm Track Measurement You can control all the alarm counters using the front panel Reset button or the GPI O port If you set Track Measurement to Enabled pressing the Reset button clears all the alarm counters simultaneously as well as resetting the measurement If you disable this setting pressing Reset has no effect on the alarm counters Alarm Output Polarity When an alarm is triggered the LM100 generates a pulse on the associated Alarm port pin as shown in Table 5 3 as well as on the Alarm pin on the GP UO port Use the Alarm Output Polarity menu to set the pola
55. play Installing the Remote Software 2 1 Unpacking and Inspection Before unpacking the unit inspect the outer carton for shipping damage If the carton shows damage inspect the unit in those areas Several essential items are provided with the unit including Power cords for use in the United States and Continental Europe A CD R containing the Universal Remote application and its documentation A bag containing 75 ohm terminators rackmount screws and washers and a serial connection cable for the front panel RS 232 port Safety notices Warranty information fill out the warranty card and return it to Dolby Laboratories Note To maintain your eligibility for software upgrades register your product on the software upgrades page at www dolbysupport com 2 2 Safety Information Before you begin installing your LM100 refer to the Important Safety Instructions on page iii Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 3 Getting Started 2 3 Mounting The LM100 is a 1 U rackmount unit that operates at ambient temperatures of up to 50 C 122 F It ventilates through the rear and side panels adequate ventilation The temperature inside a poorly ventilated rack can be A Caution Do not mount the LM100 directly above heat generating equipment Ensure considerably higher than ambient room temperature 2 4 Rear Panel Connections The rear panel connections include e AFS3 digital input with loop
56. reads System Settings seven times 3 Press Enter Press y The second line reads Baud Rate Press Enter if you need to change it Then press y until the baud rate you wish to use appears in the display Then press Esc to return to the main system settings menu 5 Press twice The second line reads Unit Address Press Enter if you need to change it 6 Enter a new unit address 2 7 5 Beginning and Ending Remote Operation To begin remote operation on the LM100 unit front panel press and release Shift once so that the button lights up then press While in Remote mode the front panel LED labeled Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Installing the Remote Software Remote glows green and setup commands cannot be made from the unit front panel The status menus continue to display accurate unit status in Remote mode To end remote operation press Shift then again 2 7 6 Starting the Universal Remote Software To start the remote software in Windows 1 Goto Programs gt Universal Remote 2 Click Universal Remote The machine displays the main application screen shown in Figure 2 4 Dero Heu 2008 See E Ur 10004 Jureversal emcee 102 stares E 29 ono Wi be i a cit D I D Genren Ces Figure 2 4 Universal Remote Main Screen 3 Connect to one of your configured devices to begin work See the online help for detailed information on using the Universal Remote effectiv
57. rity for the alarm outputs to either positive or negative Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual 27 Menus 4 3 5 User Presets The LM100 can use up to four presets When you save a preset the LM100 stores the complete memory of all active settings Saving a preset writes over any preset previously stored to that preset number Use the User Presets menu to save or recall a preset To save a preset follow these steps 1 Navigate the Save Preset menu 2 Select a preset number to save then press Enter The Save Preset menu appears as shown in Figure 4 10 Figure 4 10 Save Preset Menu 3 Press gt to highlight Clear then press Enter The old preset name disappears 4 Use the arrow buttons to highlight each character in the new preset name pressing Enter after highlighting each character 5 When the name is complete highlight OK then press Enter The confirmation prompt in Figure 4 11 appears Figure 4 11 Save Preset Prompt 6 If the new preset name is correct press Enter to save the preset with that name If not press Esc and return to step 1 When the new name is saved the display reverts to the main status screen briefly showing the message in Figure 4 12 Figure 4 12 Preset Confirmation Message 28 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual The Main Setup Menu 4 3 6 To recall a preset follow these steps 1 Navigate to the Recall Preset menu 2 Select a preset
58. rr 7 2 7 Installing the Remote Goftware cnn nana n nn nana cnn nana rra 7 2 7 1 System Requirements coccion 8 2 7 2 Installing a EE ul TC 8 2 6 3 HardWare COMEN EE 8 2 7 4 Configuring the Unit for Remote Operation 8 2 7 5 Beginning and Ending Remote Operation 9 2 7 6 Starting the Universal Remote Software AA 9 Chapter 3 Front Panel Controls 3 1 BUON See de EE 11 3 1 1 Navigation BUONE EE 11 3 1 2 Special Function Button Combinations ooooooccccnncnnoonoononnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnannannnnnns 12 322 LED DEES es fot att e e ead aa stag eege Ee ee nt acs event nda cg sock EE 13 3 3 The RS 232 COME a a ea a a ar a aae aa Na 14 3 4 The Headphone Connection 14 Chapter 4 Menus 4 1 Menu Basics ii S224 A ees 15 4 2 The Status EE 15 4 2 1 Main Status Screen co A e 15 4 22 LOVE Mete ii A A Eege Ee 19 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual vii AZ WEE altel EE 19 4 2 4 Digital e LEET 20 SE HESE eeneg ee di idad 20 4 2 0 AlarmiStatiStiCS TEE 20 ES E e DEE 21 4 28 System Status iii dato 21 4 3 The Main Setup Menu cence eeeaaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceaaaaeaeeaeceeeeeeeeeeseeeecnnsineeeseseeees 21 4 3 1 Measurement appreci iert e eich EN Eet Eed EE 22 BIS MONO een Le 24 43 4 Alarm Control momias iio 24 EE EE 28 Aoo SYSTOMT LOG DEE 29 RS E aa S ATE T E T TR A OT 30 Chapter 5 Features 5 1 Measuring Equivalent Loudness ooocccccccccoccccccnonnccncnnnnnncncnnnnnnnnnc cnn non cnc
59. scade a prefilter a high frequency shelving type filter followed by the revised low B weighting filter a type of highpass filter Leq RLB Speech based measurements produced with the LM100 s Dialogue Intelligence feature enabled using either Leq A and ITU R BS 1770 have shown that while BS 1770 is slightly more accurate than Leq A the average difference when measuring dialogue is fairly small Comparison of measurements made by the two methods suggests that the average absolute error AAE has decreased by only 0 27 dB and the maximum absolute error MAE has decreased by 1 3 dB for the samples used in this comparison Therefore engineers may be uncertain about the particular benefits of the new ITU R algorithm The answer can be derived in part from the findings of an ITU study group who determined that the BS 1770 algorithm was more effective than Leq A in determining appropriate levels for non speech based material such as music and soundtrack material This improvement would be most applicable in concerts and other types of music programming are common where LM100 users typically disable Dialogue Intelligence Within broadcast programming the dialogue levels are especially important when considering how to determine the subjective loudness of a program Research shows that most listeners at home use their volume controls in an effort to keep the dialogue levels uniform as they switch through multiple channels and as they list
60. ser expuesta a goteos o salpicaduras y no deben colocarse sobre el equipo recipientes con liquidos como tazas de cafe Para asegurarse un funcionamiento seguro y prevenir cualquier posible peligro de descarga o riesgo de incendio se han de observar las siguientes precauciones o Aseg rese que el selector de tensi n est ajustado a la tensi n correcta para su alimentaci n E o Aseg rese que los fusibles colocados son del tipo y valor correctos tal como se marca en la unidad o La unidad debe ser puesta a tierra conect ndola a un conector de red correctamente cableado y puesto a tierra o El cable de red suministrado con esta unidad debe ser cableado como sigue Vivo Marr n Neutro Azul Tierra Verde Amarillo VIKTIGA SAKERHETSATGARDER Denna enhet uppfyller s kerhetsstandard EN60065 Enheten far ej uts ttas for yttre verkan samt f rem l inneh llande v tska s som kaffemuggar far ej placeras p utrustningen F r att garantera s kerheten och gardera mot eventuell elchock eller brandrisk m ste f ljande observeras o Kontrollera att sp nningsv ljaren ar inst lld p korrekt natspanning o Konrollera att s kringarna ar av r tt typ och f r r tt str mstyrka s som anvisningarna p enheten f reskriver Cs o Enheten m ste vara jordad genom anslutning till ett korrekt kopplat och jordat el uttag o Elsladden som medf ljer denna enhet m ste kopplas enligt foljande Fas Brun Neutral Bl Jord Gr n Gul B
61. through e Analog inputs and outputs e Serial ports e GPI O ports e Power supply Make all other connections before connecting the power supply Figure 2 1 shows the rear panel audio and data connections The upper image shows the RF Input and Video Output ports available on the LM100 NTSC and the lower image shows the Timecode Input port available on the LM100 LTC All other connectors are identical on both models Analog e Analog Outputs ALL ec on O Left RF Input Video Digital Input ZZ FE e e O tet Right Remote RS 485 GP 1 0 0 f u D D f le Analog e Analog Outputs d LI III O O recado np Digital ap O Om Right E Remote RS 485 GP 1 0 Figure 2 1 Rear Panel Audio and Data Ports 2 4 1 Analog Inputs Each analog audio input jack accepts either a male XLR connector or a quarter inch TRS connector The maximum input signal level is 22 dBu 2 4 2 Analog Outputs The Left and Right Analog Outputs are provided on standard RCA connectors for confidence monitoring of the active audio program They carry a two channel audio signal automatically downmixed from a multichannel signal if necessary 4 Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Rear Panel Connections 2 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 5 2 4 6 2 4 7 2 4 8 2 4 9 Digital Inputs The Digital Input BNC connectors are AES 3id compliant The unit processes Dolb
62. to recall then press Enter System Log Use the System Log menu to control the characteristics of the internal system log Time Stamp Mode When using the LM100 LTC with a valid timecode input the system log can use either the time of day or linear timecode as the log entry time stamp Use the Time Stamp Mode menu to change this setting Periodic Loudness The system log can store the current measured loudness value at regular that is periodic time intervals as set in the Periodic Loudness menu This allows you to use the LM100 to simultaneously track and log the changes in the loudness of programs or services over many hours or days Note When measuring in Infinite mode additional settings appear in the Periodic Loudness menu which enables the measurement to automatically reset at the same time interval as the periodic measurement itself logs For example if you select 30 Seconds with Reset the LM100 generates a periodic loudness system log entry based on the integrated level for the past 30 seconds and then resets the infinite measurement before continuing Metadata Log When this is enabled the metadata parameters shown below within a Dolby E or Dolby Digital bitstream are added to the system log This is done whenever a Dolby E or Dolby Digital bitstream is first detected and subsequently when any of these parameters change value Dolby Digital Channel Mode Dolby Digital LFE Channel Dolby Digital Data Rate
63. ts As the Short Term measurement only considers the last ten seconds of program material the measurement value has the potential depending on the program to be much more dynamic than that measured in Infinite mode Highly processed channels and programming will most likely not exhibit this type of behavior The benefit of this measurement method is that it allows the operator to see short term variations within a program in loudness level or in dialogue level when Dialogue Intelligence is enabled Many skilled audio operators prefer to use the Short Term measurement as they find the information on near term dynamics to be very useful when mixing or producing a program and they are capable of managing overall program loudness by reading the Short Term measurement Dolby LM100 Broadcast Loudness Meter User s Manual Measurement Methods Short Term vs Infinite Term 30 35 Dialogue Level Relative to 0 dBFS 40 J 7A Short Term mode is also very useful for measuring and logging the loudness history of a given program during the QC postproduction process or particular television service channel in a cable head end facility In Figure 5 3 an LM100 with Dialogue Intelligence enabled in Logging mode using a PC to capture the periodic loudness values was used to help a broadcaster determine the speech level values for programs and commercials from 5 30 p m through midnight Figure 5 3 clearly reveals an hour when speech lev
64. ttempt to service this equipment unless you are qualified to do so Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding type plug A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other A grounding type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong The wide blade or the third prong is provided for your safety If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet This apparatus must be earthed grounded by connecting to a correctly wired and earthed power outlet Ensure that your mains supply is in the correct range for the input power requirement of the unit In order to reduce the risk of electrical shock the power cord must be disconnected when the power supply assembly is removed This equipment is designed to mount in a suitably ventilated 19 inch rack ensure that any ventilation slots in the unit are not blocked or covered The mains power disconnect device for this unit is the plug in mains cord rather than a power switch The mains cord must remain readily accessible for disconnecting mains power The power cord with CEE7 7 plug supplied with this unit for use in Continental Europe must be connected to a polarised mains socket or the socket must be supplied via a residual current breaker RCD This power cord is not suitable for use in the UK To use the cord in the UK cut off the CEE7 7 plug and replace with an approved BS 1363 13A plug
65. urement information to make adjustments either to the dialogue level parameter value within the Dolby Digital or Dolby E stream or to the source audio levels Measurements in the digital domain are referenced to digital full scale and are expressed in dBFS Measuring Analog Sources When the selected input is analog the LM100 can also provide a suggested value for dialnorm by pressing Enter twice from the main status screen This can be useful when setting the dialnorm parameter value prior to encoding the program for digital distribution via Dolby E or Dolby Digital This recommended value automates the process of calculating a dialnorm value when measuring analog sources The calculated that is derived value is based on the analog input calibration See Figure 4 8 Analog measurements by default are based on the dBu scale or on a relative scale expressed as dBr if the analog calibration setting is not 0 dBu Measuring RF Modulated Sources When the RF Input is selected and a particular channel is tuned the default main status screen indicates the measured loudness value side by side with the unweighted peak value Measurements in the RF domain are referenced to 100 percent modulation of the monophonic sound carrier 25 kHz peak deviation and are expressed in dBr Dialogue Intelligence Dialogue Intelligence allows the LM100 to automatically base its measurement on the portions of the input signal that contain the character
66. with the option of restoring factory defaults or completing the boot sequence Note Restoring factory defaults includes all presets and GPI O configuration assignments The Audio Alarm indicator is illuminated if a user configurable signal condition alarm is triggered as described in Section 5 5 The Error indicator is illuminated when an error prevents the unit from processing the selected input correctly for example if there is a loss of input signal or the input signal does not match the requirements for the selected input type Error conditions are detailed When the Error indicator is triggered the Error Stats status menu provides more information regarding the source of the error as detailed in Table 3 2 in Table 3 2 Note The Fault indicator is illuminated if there is an LM100 hardware fault Table 3 2 Error Conditions and Indicators Menu Display Error Corrective Action Invld Frmt The input format does not match the selected Check the input signal format or Invalid format decode format change the selected decode format Invld Rate The input is a valid PCM signal but the Use the correct sampling rate Invalid rate sampling rate is not 32 kHz 44 1 kHz or 48 kHz Invld Prog The input is a valid Dolby E signal but the Select a valid program number for the Invalid program selected Dolby E program number is not input stream present in the input stream DE Frm Dsc The Dolby E frame count is
67. y E Dolby Digital and PCM audio streams with up to 24 bit resolution You can use the second BNC as a passive loop through to connect to other equipment otherwise it must be terminated using a standard 75 ohm termination Remote RS 485 You can use the Remote RS 485 port for software upgrades to connect to a custom built remote control software interface or to send system log file entries to any device that can receive ASCII text strings using the RS 485 protocol For details see Section 5 7 Alarm Individual signal condition alarms trigger pins on this port You can connect this port to any device that can detect a TTL voltage level change For details see Section 5 5 GPI O Specific LM100 status information and control inputs are provided through the GP I O port You can use a GPI O device with the LM100 without setting it to Remote mode For details see Section 5 8 NTSC The LM100 NTSC includes a standard RF Input port Use a standard 75 ohm RF cable to connect the LM100 to either a cable TV input or an antenna receiving off air signals The LM100 NTSC Video Output is a standard composite video signal available on a female BNC connector It allows confidence monitoring of the video for the active program LTC The LM100 LTC includes a Timecode Input port that can read linear timecode per the SMPTE 12M specification Power O Warning Before applying power check the main fuse using the following procedure

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