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1. 263 5 48 42 Reverse B2 1 6 9 On the worksheet highlight click and drag Distance column B This data will appear in this box 248 7 47 91 Reverse 60 0 8 BAR File September 99 17 28 16 1 PCM Receiver Datalo 2 Distance 4Hz AHz Direction Depth Loss mA dBmA cm mB metre L3 Log Number Current dBmA al 1 293 3 49 35 Undefined 66 8 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse 64 244 9 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 11 2 a eee zz rt 11 5 10 10 Click on the small red iconin 12 6 125 this box and the data will a ETE d Es reappear in the category X 15 9 200 axis labels and the graph 16 10 225 will have a dot on it pz i 20 1 12 275 if 19 13 3 11 Click on the small red arrow 7 20 14 325 icon in Values box This ey RH 15 350 22 i6 E shows 1 4S 17 400 249 5 4 f 2 Neverse 20 Uu 24 18 425 2394 4758 Reverse 57 84 sheet S087 d 25 19 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 2 26 20 475 230 1 47 24 Reverse 128 11 6 27 21 500 2288 47 22 Reverse 58 0 8 28 22 525 223 6 4699 Reverse 117 92 29 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49 32 24 575 188 4 45 5 Reverse 111 27 6 Page 51 Pipeline Current Mappe
2. Note This function is only available when the magnetometer foot is attached to the PCM To achieve accurate results the receiver must be kept as still as possible during this countdown Press once to initiate PCM current measurement The LCD will indicate the letters Pc and in the top left hand corner a 4 second countdown will commence i e 04 03 02 01 00 Measurement Cycle After 4 seconds the measurement cycle is complete The PCM current reading direction arrow and next available log number are displayed until the acceptance or rejection buttons are pressed If rPt repeat is displayed take the reading again Note A flashing reading means reading is marginal and should be taken again This may be caused by moving metal or nearby vehicles Note If the Magfoot2 with 399 datalogs is used datalog numbers from 1 99 will be shown in the top left hand corner of the display Datalog numbers from 100 199 will be indicated by the addition of a flag by the Peak mode indicator Datalog numbers from 200 299 will be indicated by 2 flags against the Peak and Null mode indicators Datalog numbers from 300 399 will be shown by 3 flags against the Peak Null and Accessory indicators Page 15 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 2 Saving or Rejecting PCM Current Reading 15 Once a PCM current reading has been obtained a log number 1 100 or 1 399 is shown in the top left hand
3. Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide oldPCM Upload PCM Survey Data a ni x Spread sheet file MAPFILE TXT OR FFDATA TXT STATUS Connect locator then select UPLOAD Port Units RADIODETECTION LTD PCM Data Upload Utility Version 1 01 C inches COM1 COM2 centimeters C Semicolon UPLOAD Close f Tab Section 11 PCM Upload Software Instructions for software up to version 1 01 The PCM upload software supplied by Radiodetection needs to be installed onto a PC Laptop If the PC forms part of a network then the IT department needs to perform the installation Software Installation Procedure From the window screen open File Manager Windows Explorer select drive A select install exe and press return A test will now be performed to verify that enough disk space is available select OK and press return enter required file destination and press return The software will automatically be loaded onto the PC Laptop When complete a new window group containing the following icons UPLOAD and SURVEY DATA will appear Data Upload PCM Current data Fit the PCM magfoot to the PCM receiver switch on and select Review Mode Connect a standard RS232 pin to pin serial lead between the PCM and PC Laptop Open the windows PCM work group Select Upload icon and press return The Upload screen will appear Before Uploading make the selections for port
4. Next gt Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 5 x l2 x gH ij Simulation Gas Pipeline E z s Current dBmA o we Depth CM t z 8 a SHOP PPP SPE LPP PELL Distance Metres e lt 3 e 5 FPP CN E a 22 The next stage is to improve the appearance of the graph and make it easier to interpret The dBmA current does not need full scale from zero to maximum at present the depth also starts at the same zero axis with the greatest depth at the top of the chart All of these can be changed Page 55 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Simulation Gas Pipeline Format fixis 21x Bi Bi v m v Bi Bi E Current dBmA Depth CM SEPRRERRSEDSBSEPBEBSEBSBEPTPRRBESPEBSEBSEPEPE Distance Metres 23 Double Click on the numbers beside the current dBmA Value Y1 axis This shows the Format Axis box From the menu tabs click on Scale Change the maximum and minimum values and the major and minor units this will allow the curve slope of the graph of the current loss to be steeper and makes the faulty sections easier to observe Click on Ok when finished Simulation Gas Pipeline Current dBmA Depth CM LU a Wd eo 88828888 ooo aan gf mM Oo iD CO Q ow ow O Q C BBBRFB OOM O KW DW 4 Cy p oe O c nr r v0 0 4 4 0 0 o 0 E a Distance Metres 24 Double click on the numbers beside the
5. Connect the Green signal output lead to a suitable anode cable Note If connections are reversed the current direction arrow on the PCM Receiver will point in the wrong direction Use an isolated low resistance ground such as a sacrificial magnesium anode or ground bed When connecting to an electrical isolation joint the other pipe section can often provide a suitable ground connection Care must be taken when using an earth stake as the resistance is often not low enough The stake must be positioned at least 45 M 150 feet from the pipe to ensure an even current distribution Using portable transmitter to provide locate signal It is sometimes helpful to use a portable transmitter such as the RD433 HCTx2 to provide a better location signal if the ELF signal from the PCM transmitter is insufficient Very long distance from PCM transmitter Locating distribution pipes from buildings where isolation joints are fitted The portable transmitter can be connected to the pipeline network at a test point or isolation joint using LF Low Frequency 512 640 Hz The PCM transmitter should not be set to the LF frequency Both connection and induction may be used for 8kHz PCM 4Hz measurements can be taken if the PCM transmitter is switched on Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Mains Supply PCM Tze zx Section 1 PCM
6. ssseeeesss naa ederet iso Mete utente 39 Preparing PCM Graphs using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets T2 on ice de 44 Distance Current ind aca cn al d eee e a de eee a ea ee dea qu eed eee cH uc Sag 45 Distance Current amp Depth sesssssssssssseseeeeee enne enhn aa iiaa desae iadaaa Naa aaa aiea 49 Distance Current amp Current Loss Rate rennen enne nnne sn nennen 57 Using PCM system with Datalogger and GPS sssssss T9 aed ee cee ree 63 PCM Features and Specifications TA ciiam sche tet etie o EE ea 69 Configuration and operation of Trimble GPS Pathfinder Appendix 1 80 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Introduction The Pipeline Current Mapper PCM system from Radiodetection enables the pipeline industry to overcome the limitations of existing techniques used in evaluating the effectiveness of cathodicly protected pipes This new technology enables shorts caused by contact with other metallic structures and coating defects to be identified The system is the subject of patent applications Traditional Cathodic Protection CP surveys measure the voltage potential of the pipe with respect to the earth around it to show that the pipe is protected against corrosion Some pipes due to coating degradation or damage have low protection voltages and are at risk of increased corrosion damage Simple O
7. 33 and drag Distance column B this ES az 11 250 data will appear in this box 18 121 275 19 13 300 20 14 3251 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58 2 En 15 3501 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58 Oo 22 16 375 2456 47 8 Reverse 59 1 2 23 17 400 2453 4779 Reverse 58 0 4 24 18 425 239 4 47 58 Reverse 57 8 4 E E EET ERE ES PESE E 1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 15 2 3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss 4 Number mA dBmA cm mB metre DataRange Series 4 Current Loss Rate mBIM Ez WC Ut 2933 49 35 Undefined 66 0 12 8 2i 255 2735 4874 Reverse 64 24 4 1 10 Click on the small red icon in z Us i 1 this box and the data will 63 48 uu 12 reappear in the category X 60 3 6 o2 E axis labels and the graph a se A a5 will have a square dot or 51 12 16 part filled on it 62 0 8 Series n 58 5 6 current Loss Rate mB M xj 18 60 0 8 49 11 Click on the small red arrow 59 12 20 icon in values box This 58 2 A wes 0 M 21 58 0 EU shows 1 d R 22 1 59 12 Ad il 23 17 400 245 3 47 79 Reverse 58 D 4 j seeudepnipps H 24 18 425 2394 47 58 Reverse 57 g4 Ee etait Sheet1 B 7 B Bs 19 4501 238 47 53 Reverse 54 2 28 20 475 230 1 4724 Reverse 128 11 6 un 21 5001 229 6 47 22 Reverse 58 0 8 2 Cancel lt Back Next gt gt Finish 28 20 IE omn AG QQ Dauarca 117 92 2 n Pee eS mum El 2 12 The long rectangular b
8. Distance Metres 12 Make some changes and improvements by clicking on current dBmA numbers and changing the min and max values gt DN Charti Chart2 Chart3 Sheet1 Sheet2 Sheets Format axis menu appears Click on File Edit View Insert Format Tools Chart Window Help each max and min and use a Dc BHeiatv r5es o c eerr uuue2 appropriate value to make graph of Arial Sjo B Z7 U als 96 8 29 em current loss easier to understand Value Y axis E Simulation Ga pei 50 Patterns Font Number Alignment Value Y axi oe SOCON Auto 9 T 7 e e Minimum 30 xx Maximum 50 ut Major unit 5 45 T Minor unit 1 Y IV value X axis Ed Crosses at 30 x i T Logarithmic scale AS values in reverse order S 40 t Value X axis crosses at maximum value z ee 35 30 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 q Distance Metres 4 9 Pi Charti f Chart2 Chart3 Sheet Sheet2 Sheet3 lal Di Page 47 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 X 8 File Edit View Insert Format Tools Chart Window Help lj Cc el vixzcssm amp s o c Je amp w rr Hzlaswaej 3 Aria zio s Bzu lEz EL ESgs 853 mu l9 5 A Value Y axis m Simulation Gas P Scale Font Number Alignment Axis J y Major tick mark type Automatic C None Outside C None CC Inside C Cross C Custom Minor
9. Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 10 Changing the PCM Display There are 2 invisible operating keys located between the mode 7 key and the shift key 3 these are used to change selection and the mode amp 7 key is used as Enter key If no change is needed press the mode 7 key to enter and move to the next stage When all stages have been completed the PCM will return to its last used settings like a normal start up To start the process follow the instructions below Start with the PCM receiver switched off and hold down PCM 7 key 14 push On key and continue to hold down PCM v 14 until display shows language as in 1 Above 1 To change the language Use the 2 invisible keys to change and 7 to enter 2 Display will show a small cm for Metric or for Imperial Use the invisible keys to change and 7 to enter 3 Display will show a small mA for milliamps or dB for decibels Use invisible keys to change and 7 to enter 4 Display will show 50 or 60 for power frequency Use invisible keys to change and to enter 5 Display will show on or off On means that the 50 60 Hz Power mode is activated off means that it is deactivated Use the invisible keys to change and 7 to enter Display will now return to it s normal operation with any new settings functioning To alter any function switch off the receiver and repeat the process again
10. 18 12 7 MU on X and dBma 8 19 13 3t on axis 2 20 14 3z2 240 2 4r o3 reverse 20 2 za Values sheeti 0 7 0 79 xj 21 15 350 246 21 47 83 Reverse 58 D pat Add R B o ee fope 5 e 24 18 425 2394 47 5B Reverse 57 a4 tas ee 25 19 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 28 20 475 2301 4724 Reverse 128 27 21 500 229 6 47 22iReverse 58 28 22 525 223 6 45 99 Reverse 117 A B C E F _1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 2 3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss 5 Number mA dBmA cm mB metre DataRange Series 5 El 60 12 Ez 1 0 2933 49 35 Undefined 66 so 1 8 2 25 2735 1874Reverse 64 244 40 os 9 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 11 2 30 aee ce 10 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 1 6 28 ci Hal 612512574 a9 Reene 6036 ND E everse 5 31 ri 150 257 3 48 21 Reverse 62 D E SRESSRESARE SIR 14 8 175 2546 48 12 Reverse 61 ss IM 0UCtC Cit OSCR RR 15 a ann 222 0 AO n0 Ds B1 1 2 48 15 Click on Add Series box 62 0 8 Series now shows Series 2 Values a 26 Depth cmi J 19 box shows 1 Type 59 12 p Depth CM in the Name Box s 2 ZA wes Rt Ad za l E 59 12 Be gemo E 16 RA d red icon in z X a Lc 25 the Values box 54 2 Second category X axis labels 26 28 27 21 500 229 6 4722 Reverse 58 a Cancel Bk wet Finish 28 22 525 223 6 46 99 Reverse 117 2 29 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49 30 24 575 188 4 45 5 Reverse 1
11. Interpreting results from a survey imam CMM Distance C p fault 98 po pipe Fault current opposite to pipe current Fault current same direction as pipe current Taking a classical situation as above graph A shows the ideal response which is a loss of signal current and a step response but excludes any effects from fault currents in the ground In practice the results obtained require some interpretation because sometimes the magnetic field detected from the pipe may be affected by other signal paths in the ground including around the position of coating defects Graph B shows the theoretical effects of the fault current in the ground Note that the local fault current enters the pipe from both directions and this distorts the magnetic field around the pipeline close to the fault A short distance from the fault the ground currents subtract from the pipe current which is measured as current reduction A short distance after the fault they add to the pipe current which is measured as current increase At some distance from the fault current settles to a steady state If this local effect is observed it is useful for detecting defects Graph C shows what would be expected in the real situation if PCM currents were plotted over a section of pipe with a coating defect Depending on the fault characteristics the effect of the magnetic field distortion will spread ove
12. Tel 44 0 117 976 7776 Fax 44 0 117 976 7775 email sales uk radiodetection spx com http www radiodetection com Appendix 1 S Radiodetection Riser Bond Dielectric Technologies Bicotest Pearpoint Telespec Radiodetection products are under continuous development and are subject to change without notice 90 UG14EN07 All rights reserved
13. export the results in csv ASCII format to the PC Import these results into MS Excel to prepare the graphs OX Qr d oc NY ce Creating a Data Dictionary on your PC A Data Dictionary is a description of the data format you wish to collect in the field with Trimble s Asset Surveyor software Once a Data Dictionary has been created on your PC you must transfer the Data Dictionary to the TSC1 Datalogger prior to fieldwork Use the following procedure to create a suitable Data Dictionary on the PC Run the Pathfinder Office software and select Utilities Data Directory Editor 2 Select Points and Name the file File name 3 Select New feature Feature Name measuring points 4 Click on Points then click on OK 5 Now touch key F7 New Attributes Choose Text Add Attribute name 6 The comments field defaults to 30 characters and it is possible to amend the default for up to 100 characters 7 Click on close save and close Now the Data Dictionary is ready to upload to the TSC1 datalogger Transferring the configuration to the TSC1 1 Connect the TSC1 and the PC using the Trimble serial cable 2 Switch on the TSC1 green button 3 From the TSC1 Main Menu select File Manager 4 Inthe File Manager menu scroll down to File Transfer press Enter 5 Onthe PC run the Pathfinder Office software 6 Select Utilities Data Transfer 7 After succ
14. 17 PM1748 E11 PCM to PC Upload lead 17 CS Lead 76 PC Software PCM to PC Upload software 52 PM2093 PC discs 10 AC1793 Page 81 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 14 Acknowledgements The author thanks the following contributors Gordon Parker Radiodetection Canada Applications Specialist Barney Walker Radiodetection Bristol Technical Support New information is always available from Radiodetection s website http www radiodection com Page 82 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 Interfacing the Trimble GPS Pathfinder Pro XR Pro XRS and Power systems with the PCM Introduction This bulletin outlines the configuration and operation of Trimble s GPS Pathfinder Pro XR Pro XRS and Power systems with the PCM devices manufactured by Radiodetection Limited These notes apply particularly to the following product versions e SC1 Asset Surveyor version 5 21 e Pathfinder Office version 2 80 e Radiodetection PCM receivers built after July 2001 using software version 5 03 or later Procedure Overview There are four steps to obtain results with the PCM system and the Trimble TSC1 GPS datalogger Before taking measurements create a suitable Data Dictionary on the PC Download this data dictionary to the TSC1 Configure the TSC1 to interface to the PCM Take the measurements with the PCM while collecting GPS data with the GPS Pathfinder system Using Pathfinder Office software
15. 9 9 8 PPP PPE do AP GP EEE PEI P uo a a uou uo uo Distance Metres 23 Double Click on the numbers beside the Current dBmA Value Y2 axis This shows the Format Axis box From the menu tabs click on Scale Change the maximum and minimum values and the major and minor units this will allow the curve slope of the graph of the current loss to be steeper and makes the faulty sections easier to observe Page 64 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Simulation Gas Pipeli 50 48 46 mmm Current loss rate mB Current dBmA 8 24 The final stage is to F 40 change colours and fill 42 E 8 g colours as previous Oz a instructions E 38 9 E o S 34 32 as f 9 4 9 E E E E E E E EE E EEEE KD a do 49 d GP Distance Metres 30 Chart10 Page 65 70 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Simulation Gas Pipeline Current Loss rate mB M Page 66 mum Current loss rate mB M e Current dBmA 30 350 Series Current loss rate mB M Point 650 Value 65 38461538 Distance Metres Chart10 Sh 48 46 d N P o 8 Current dBmA The finished graph Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Using the PCM system with GPS and Dataloggers Global Positioning Systems GPS are increasingly used to provide location references for surveyors Recently GPS systems have beco
16. CD and return to normal locate mode touch the CD key Correct eline Antenna Pos A Antenna Pos B lt j Resetting CD If the Bargraph is only partially full or the arrows are unstable reset CD Set the PCM on the ground in CD mode facing along the pipeline away from the transmitter the user s back towards the transmitter Touch and hold Shift key and touch CD key The display will show rSt and then SEt The arrow will point away from the transmitter and the Bargraph display will be 100 To change the direction of the CD arrows repeat the Reset process above with the PCM facing the transmitter direction Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 2 STEPS IN PIPELINE CURRENT MEASUREMENT When a PCM reading is taken and saved the datalogger in the PCM magfoot will store log number PCM current in mA and dB current direction and depth PCM Magfoot Attachment Two types of PCM Magfoot are available and can be identified when they are connected to the PCM Receiver The standard Magfoot has 100 datalogs and the Magfoot2 has 399 datalogs When the standard Magfoot is connected the receiver will beep and the top left corner of the display will show Pc The central digital display will show 100 Magfoot2 will also beep and show Pc on connection The central digital display will show 399 Pipeline Current Measurement 14 See PCM receiver use section 3
17. EEJ 4 19 Click on the small red icon in the g8 ei 13 13 secondary category X axis 1 2 20 14 i y gory 2 H Values sheeti 0 7 0 79 x 21 15 labels box On the worksheet D zu a 5 highlight click and drag distance E 24 16 column B This data will appear 84 Category X axis labels sheet 1 8 7 48 79 xj 25 19 in the rectangular box 2 Second category X axis labels d 26 20 11 6 Bri 21 buU 229 6 4f 22kReverse 58 0 8 Cancel gk vec Finish 28 22 525 2236 4698 Reverse 117 92 29 23 550 204 46 190 Reverse 49 32 30 24 575 1884 455iReverse 111 27 6 20 Click on Next Chart wizard step 3 of 4 Chart options This stage is for Titles Axes Gridlines Legend Data Labels Data Table Titles Axes grid lines Chart title legends etc Simulation Gas Pipeline Gas Pipeline Simulation Gas Pipeline Type these in now Category X axis 7o Distance Metres s 60 50 so i The Title will appear at the Value Y axis 3 E40 tO g P Current oce rot top of the graph example Current Loss rate mB M i4 a 3 Current dBmA 20 E 20 A In Category X Axis type in Second category X axis 10 10 9 Distance Metres 0 0 i eae 88828258 In Value Y Axis type in Second value Y axis awe oan re Current Loss Rate mB M In Second Value Y Axis type in Current dBmA These will appear on the Cae o lt Back Back Eish graph example Click on N
18. Forward Reverse Reverse Reverse Reverse Reverse Reverse Section 11 Survey Data This allows the operator to quickly check the data without entering the spreadsheet To view the survey data click on the PCM survey data icon Spreadsheet After importing the information into a spreadsheet it is essential to enter the measurement distances and save the spreadsheet under a new name Data Upload PCM FF Data Do not connect the PCM magnetometer foot Switch on the PCM receiver and select Review mode The PCM LCD will display Review and the A Frame indicator flags Connect a standard RS232 pin to pin serial lead between the PCM and PC Laptop and Upload as PCM Survey data The file will be named FFDATA txt PCM faultfind data The PCM Faultfind Data can be viewed by opening the PCM FF Datalog icon 82 01 01 16 17 58 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide 7 e Pcm32 cccecece Pcm32 Datalog ceccecec Pcm32 FF Datalog Section 11 Software Installation Procedure using PCM Data Utility Upload version V 2 1 Pcm32 From the window screen Open Windows Explorer Select drive A Select install exe and press return A test will now be performed to verify that enough disk space is available Select OK and press return Enter required file destination and press return The software will automatically be loaded onto the PC Laptop When complete a new window group containing the following ic
19. PCM Magnetometer foot Check Battery level replace if necessary 2 11 Set to same mapping frequency as transmitter 2 12 Set to Peak mode 2 12 Good local knowledge a map and a notepad are essential to obtaining the correct information Use the map locate the pipeline and move at least 30 50 M from the transmitter 1 Use the receiver and verify that the PEAK and NULL 3 18 amp 19 positions are within 15 cm 6 inches 2 Obtain depth reading A sensible reading indicates 3 20 a site free from interference 3 Press mapping key to obtain PCM current reading 2 15 4 Press the V key to save result and note log number 2 15 on notepad and map 5 Use map to select next mapping location or continue along the pipeline for predetermined distance 50 100 Metres is adequate 6 Select Null mode and trace pipeline to next mapping 3 18 amp 19 location Repeat procedures 1 6 until pipeline survey is complete Use Accessory A Frame to pinpoint fault 7 30 32 Upload results to PC and prepare graph of current 2 17 against distance see Upload and Software section 11 39 43 12 44 63 Archive results for future reference 12 44 63 Page 2 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide PCM System PCM Transmitter The PCM system s specialised constant current high power transmitter allows for long range signal detection of up to 30 km 20 miles Significantly fewer pipeline connection points are needed thereby reducing the time
20. always present The operator has a choice of selecting the locate frequency and current direction indication if required for identification in congested areas or for fault finding Current Select The six position Current Select rotary switch selects the following rms 4 Hz current settings 100 mA 300 mA 600 mA 14 2A 3 A When the PCM Transmitter is in operation the selected current will remain at a constant level unless input power supply limit is reached Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide PCM TX Output Current A 2 Output OK Over Temerature Power Limit Voltage Limit eee o Output Voltage Level zu 600mA 1A 300 mA V 2A 100 mA E 3A Output Level Section 1 Warning Lights and output indication Output voltage indicated by yellow output voltage level LED s If no lights are lit the voltage is below 20V If the 20V LED is lit the voltage applied is between 20 40V If the 40V LED is lit the voltage applied is between 40 60V If the 60V is lit the voltage applied is between 60 80V If the 80V LED is lit the voltage is between 80 100V Voltage Limit Transmitter is at the 100V output voltage limit The resistance of the pipe or ground connection is too high Check all connections A Warning If the pipeline being surveyed has coating that is known to be in good condition it is probable that the voltage warning LED s will illuminate as the curre
21. each of these information fields and separately storing them The user has 2 choices copy all the information into a text data field where the user has to break it up or copy just one of the numeric data fields PCM current OR depth into a numeric data field If it is stored as text data there may be a possibility of the PC software Pathfinder Office PFO being able to break it up 1 To properly set up the Data Dictionary to accept the PCM data you must include a new feature F3 of type Point and a Feature name of Depth Point or Current Point or generically PCM Data or similar in the TDD Within that feature a new attribute F7 of either Numeric or Text has to be defined based on the information in the important note above If Numeric it must have the following settings Attribute Name of Depth Current or similar Comments as desired Decimal Places 2 Minimum 0 Maximum 50 Default 0 A Field Entry Required or Normal users choice If Text it must have the following settings Attribute Name of Data or similar Comments as desired Length 24 or more A Field Entry Required or Normal users choice Using a numeric data type for the depth attribute will help GIS systems in to recognise the depth as a number value when analysing data to find installation problems such as too little depth of cover Other components of the TDD would likely include a feature of type Line to mark the position of t
22. measurement units and Delimiter Select Com ports from COM1 or COM2 Select Measurement units inches or centimetres Note that whichever is chosen now will appear on download data independently of the PCM receiver settings Select Delimiter from comma space colon semicolon Tab Comma is normally used with Lotus 123 spreadsheet and Tab is normally used with Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet Select Upload and press return On the PCM receiver press the upload Depth key 16 Upon a successful completion the data is erased from the PCM and a no log message is displayed on the POM receiver LCD The data is stored under the name MAPDATA txt This allows the information to be imported into a spreadsheet Page 39 H T Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Iv Copy last upload M Add LOSS formula Erase log on PCM Delimiter C Comma C Space C Colon C Semicolon TAB Spreadsheet file FFDatatt FFData tet r Port Units COM 1 C Inches C COM2 Centimeters C COM3 C COM 4 PCM Data Upload Utility RadioDetection Ltd Version v2 1 STATUS Transfer completed OK Page 40 CONAN EONS PCH FF Receiver Datalog Upload File Log Distance t dB UPLOAD Close Fault Signal Direction Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward Forward
23. of an identifying Format Reference number Fxx followed by the data string The Reference number identifies the following data string so that the receiving computer system can identify the data type Format Reference Connection Description FOO DTE Data not PCM output for 2400 Baud Psion type LZ64 and Trimble GPS type TSC1 F02 DCE Data and PCM output for 19200 Baud Psion workabout Trimble GPS type TDC1 and TDC2 F04 DCE Data and PCM output for 19200 Baud Psion workabout Trimble GPS type TDC1 and TDC2 Page 68 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Format F02 Use with PCM software versions 1 02 1 03 4 00 4 01 4 02 4 03 4 04 4 05 5 00 5 01 5 02 Production up to July 2001 The F02 format provides the most useful transmitted data and this system is the preferred method for PCM data The standard format of the string F02 is as follows F02 Line number Mode type Frequency gain signal mode response volume battery Depth Current CD direction FF direction FF Current AHz Current 4Hz Current Direction CR LF The data string will consist of the Format Reference F02 followed by the data information i A line number The line number will be a number in the zero to 9999 range i e 0000 9999 The line number will begin at 0000 at switch on ii The type of Mode The type of Mode will be one of the following ASCII strings denoting the type of mode currently in operation ACTIVE CD PCM FF PASSIVE P
24. on the PCM receiver LCD set up Current Measurement units will be displayed in mA and dB Please note that the PCM receiver LCD scale values will depend on the receiver setup To change the LCD display settings please see section 10 page 37 of this manual In each case the end of line is followed by carriage return CR and line feed LF Page 74 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Set up instructions for Trimble GPS systems Configuration of Trimble TDC1 Data Logger with External Sensor PCM Rx Check the integrity of all connections to the equipment that is Antenna RD400 Receiver Datalogger TDC1 and batteries Switch the TDC1 on Under the Main Menu select Data Capture Under the Data Capture menu select Create Rover File This will display the Create File screen Within this screen the user can change the name of the new rover file and can also choose the appropriate data dictionary for use whilst collecting GPS positions Press OK to reveal the Start Feature menu Press F4 to select EXT from the extra menus at the bottom of this screen Pressing F4 displays the Select Sensor menu From this menu choose Sensor 1 and a tick should appear to mark its selection Press F1 to select Setup from the extra menus at the bottom of this screen This will display the Setup Screen for sensor 1 Adjust the settings as follows Sensor 1 Auto connect Yes Name PCM or name of choice Channel 0 Connect 01 Disconnect 0
25. s File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help JOSE SRY BRS c amp errzsiHildw933 3 arial 10 B I u 86385 DA Ga z 07 D8 88 87 1000 MEUM A B C D E eS US NET ee eee 1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 2 L3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss 4 Number mA dBmA cm mB metre 5 B 7 1 283 3 49 35 Undefined 66 Emi 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse bal 24 4 EN 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 11 2 10 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 1 6 ox EE 5 100 260 1 48 3 Reverse 63 48 1 Do NOT highlight any 42 B 125 257 4 4821hReverse 60 3 6 columns this is done at a ES 7 150 257 3 48 21 Reverse 62 D later stage instead click on 14 8 175 254 6 48 12 Reverse 61 3 6 any worksheet box outside HS 9 200 253 8 48 09 Reverse 61 1 2 the data columns 16 10 225 253 3 48 07 Reverse 62 0 8 ral 11 250 249 2 47 93 Reverse 58 5 6 2 Click on Chart Wizard 18 12 275 248 7 47 91 Reverse 60 0 8 19 13 300 247 7 47 88 Reverse 59 1 2 20 14 325 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58 2 E 15 350 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58 22 16 375 245 6 47 8 Reverse 59 1 2 Ea 17 400 245 3 47 79 Reverse 58 0 4 24 18 425 239 4 47 58 Reverse 57 8 4 25 18 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 2 28 20 475 230 1 47 24 Reverse 128 11 6 27 21 500 229 6 47 22 Reverse 58 0 8 28 22 525 223 6 46 99 Reverse 117 9 2 29 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49 32 30 24 575 188 4 45 5 Reverse 111 27 6 E 25 600 182 9 45 24 Re
26. ssinisajworsiae J8i 2 m values shesti 6 7 6 79 d 15 350 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58i n 18 375 2456 478 Reverse 5 12 e Remove 17 400 245 3 47 79 Reverse 581 0 4 xheeuWopdepm H 18 425 239 4 47 58 Reverse 57 a4 Category X axis labels 5heet1146 7 0 19 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 2 20 475 230 1 4724 Reverse 1280 118 21 500 229 6 47 22 Reverse 58 0 8 t Cancel lt Back Next gt Eme 22 525 223 6 4699 Reverse un 921 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49i 32 A B C D E F G H I J K E M N 1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 E source Data x 3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss mA dBmA cm mB metre DataRange Series 5 en 70 1 2 ED 1 0 2933 4935 Undefined 66 o 1 8 2 25 2735 4874Reverse 64 244 so os 9 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 112 T 10 4 1 6 a EH 5 15 Click on Add series box shows 48 20 real 10 i3 series 2 and values box shows 38 p a4 8 1 Name the series in the 36 Teseresa guns s m 3 Name box Current loss rate um 16 10 0 8 Series a7 11 mB m 56 Mame Current demal sR 18 12 0 8 19 13 1 2 20 14 16 Click on the small red icon the 2 HW SM ES iS long rectangular box shows add Remove 23 17 Source Data Values 04 24 18 425 239 4 47 58 Reverse 57 B 4 p Category x axis labels conset iB T8879 25 19 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 2 Second category X axis labels 26 20 475 230 1 47 2
27. to change the Comms setup for this external sensor with the following settings Serial port Top typically Baud Rate 19200 Data Bits Stop Bits Parity With this configuration the GPS Trimble Data Logger will receive depth data when either depth or current data is sent from the PCM as described in section 4 3 Connecting the TSC to the PCM is quite simple connect a Trimble cable part number 32287 00 into the top port of the TSC and into the Radiodetection serial port It is the same cable that connects the TSC to the GPS receiver hardware and will likely have to be purchased in addition to the GPS equipment from your vendor The Radiodetection locator will transmit the depth or current readings to the TSC only when the Check Accept PCM Data key is pressed to store the data into the PCM internal memory Even if the PCM internal memory is full the data will still be transmitted from the serial port It is recommended that the PCM be set up in metric depth mode for easiest data interpretation as the data coming out of the PCM serial port will always be in metric format This will allow the user to easily verify the values being recorded 4 Use of the systems together The full scope of data collection is far beyond the intention of this application note We will cover the basic steps of collection pipe or cable position and depth data In general users will likely first find the start of a segment of the utility that they wish
28. transmitter to pipeline connections using Cathodic Protection Rectifier Single rectifier providing impressed CP current to single pipeline Rectifier is connected to anode and pipeline Power supply from 110 220V AC mains Disconnect both cables for pipeline and anode from the rectifier terminals Failure to disconnect cables from rectifier will cause unstable PCM signals and may cause possible damage to the PCM transmitter Connect PCM transmitter to the cables White lead to pipeline cable Green lead to anode cable Use the mains power supply for the transmitter If Isolation Joints are not used PCM signal will be present in both directions from the connection point Single rectifier providing impressed CP current to multiple pipelines As above disconnect pipeline and anode cables from rectifier Try to identify individual pipeline cables if they can be separated at the rectifier so that each pipeline can be surveyed individually This allows the maximum range to be surveyed Connect the white PCM Transmitter lead to one of the pipeline cables and the green connection lead to the Anode cable Use the PCM receiver to help identify the cables to the individual pipelines If the PCM transmitter signal is applied to more than one pipeline at a time the signal will be divided between them so the maximum range will be reduced Note The pipe section which needs the most cathodic protection current will also have
29. used if Add 10 225 2533 48 07 Reverse 62 LOSS Formula box was ticked 11 250 249 2 47 93 Reverse 58 Save and name your file now if you did not 12 275 248 7 47 91 Reverse 60 previously 13 300 247 7 47 88 Reverse 59 14 325 2462 47 83 Reverse 58 1 Enter the distance information from your 15 350 2462 4783 Reverse SB survey notes in column B If you took 16 375 2456 47 B Reverse S9 measurements at regular distances use 17 400 245 3 47 79 Reverse 58 the summation formula 18 425 239 4 47 58 Reverse 57 i 19 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 20 475 230 1 47 24 Reverse 128 21 500 229 6 47 22 Reverse 58 22 525 223 6 46 99 Reverse 117 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49 24 575 188 4 45 5 Reverse 111 25 600 182 9 45 24 Reverse 87 Page 44 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help Da Welt x E amp wr 5i zi ia 9 4 0 1 ara ao aez t9 96 8 38 kJ UM v PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 E 2 1 3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Number mA dBmA cm 4 283 3 273 5 265 263 5 is Undefined 66 AY Reverse 64 Standard Types Custom Types 63 Chart type Chart sub type Co 4 C C1 ER CON 260 1 63 257 4 60 257 3 62 254 6 61 9 253 8 61 10 253 3 AM Reverse 62 11 249 2 3 58 12 248 7 60 13 247 7 59 14 245 2 58 15 246 2 58 16 245 6 z Rev
30. 0 The pipeline with the greatest reading indicates where the majority of current is flowing from and is the direction to follow in order to locate the fault short or poor coating The current will be split between the three lines i e 800 600 150 50 The pipeline with the greatest reading indicates where the majority of current is flowing from and is the direction to follow in order to locate the fault short or poor coating Loops If the current arrow changes direction it could indicate the pipe has changed location Use the PCM in Locate mode to relocate it Current flow within a Loop system If all distances and coatings are equal and the rate of loss is constant the current measured at Point A will be zero In practice with pipes of different ages and coating the points reading zero 0 could be anywhere The respective current readings will indicate the direction to follow Page 24 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 5 Taking Measurements Distribution Systems Below are some typical results which can be found from using the PCM for CP system diagnosis on a distribution system Good local knowledge and a map of the pipe network is essential to determine suitable positions to connect the PCM transmitter and where to take readings It is worthwhile taking measurements over the complete site before concentrating on any par
31. 11 Page 52 eedem spleen Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 1 0 293 3 49 35 Undefined 66 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse 64 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 621 5 100 260 1 48 3 Reverse Bat 6 125 257 4 48 21 Reverse ED 24 4 Sheet1 F 7 F 79 17 On the worksheet highlight click and drag Depth Column F The data will appear in the box Click on the small red icon A Ep Se D E li H IE K IL suBNBEUHPSSSESSSE S2Seeel v PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 Log Number Distance 4F and the graph now has 2 ri eet Y axes 2 25 3 50 a 75 19 Click on the small red icon 3 H 11 5 100 in the secondary e p end category X axis labels i ia box Click on the small 9 200 red icon On the D A worksheet highlight then 12 275 click and drag distance 13 300 column B this data will i BS appear in the box as step 16 3751 9 Click on the small red d ps icon and the data will l A e 18 450 appear in Secondary LI L 20 A751 category x labels box 211 5001 22 525 231 550i 204 45 19 Reverse 49 24 575s 188 4 45 5 Reverse 111 h32 CO CD hO 4 ER hJ C h J h2 CO C CO h2 C0 CO C CO C0 F2 RO 32 27 6 m 18 Now the values are shown re DataRange Series 9 Current dBm Depth CM Series Depth CM sheeti 1 F 7 F 79
32. 4 Data request Intervals Point feature All Line area All Not in feature All Attribute None Data received Prefix Suffix LF Max bytes Time out 0 100s Audible click Yes Status line No Another important thing to check is the logging interval To do this use the Clear button to get back to the Start Feature menu From this menu press the Func and GPS buttons together This will display the Configuration menu select GPS and press Enter to reveal the Configure GPS menu Select Rover Options and press Enter to reveal the Rover Options screen Set the logging intervals to maximum that is 3600s and press OK The configuration will be saved and the Configure GPS menu will re appear Press the Clear button to return to the Configuration Menu Press the Clear button again to return to the Start Feature menu Page 75 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Under the Start Feature menu press F4 to select EXT then press F3to reveal the Status screen This will show any data that comes from the PCM receiver as well as the number of GPS positions logged The TDC1 can stay in this screen for the period of the PCM survey The TDC1 will receive data when the PCM saves a 4Hz measurement in the data log This data is transferred through the RS232 port on the back of the PCM Receiver However the TDC1 will initiate two GPS measurements at the same time which it stores with the PCM data to create a record Page 76 Pipeline Curr
33. 4 Reverse 128 11 6 a 27 21 500 2296 47 22 Reverse 58 os Cancel lt Back net gt Ew 28 22 525 223 6 4699 Reverse 117 9 2 29 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49 32 30 24 5 75 1884 45 5 Reverse 111 27 6 31 25 600 1829 4524 Reverse 87 10 4 32 26 624 1772 4497 Reverse 32 1125 gg era RSN 145 7 42 277 Davarca Q7 FA 3845 Page 61 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Li T EY BJ BN Doi 1 EIU 06 E 2 25 2735 48 74 Reverse B4 O AA A DR MM B 9 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse gy 11 2 JEhestio7 D 79 10 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 1 6 a1 5 10 2801 4 amp 3jReverse 63 48 KA 8 1205 25 4 482lReverse so 36 17 On the worksheet Highlight Click and drag Current 4Hz dBmA column D The data will appear in the box Click on the small red icon A B C E F G H J K L M N _1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 3 source data ax 3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss 4 Number mA dBmA cm mB metre DataRange Series 5 i E E 1 O 29033 49 351 Undefined 66 e 5o 8l 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse 64 24 4 50 40 3 3 50 285 48 46 Reverse B3 112 bi 30 mol 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 1 6 MI 11 5 100 260 1 48 3jReverse 63 48 n 12 E 498 E7 At AQ WNDavaren en 36 10 7 0 0 En 18 Now the values are shown and ap RRSSPSERRERSSE 45 E the graph now has 2 Y axes 12 16 10 0 8 Series 17 11 5 6 current dema xj
34. Depth Secondary Value Y2 axis Change the maximum Minimum and major and minor unit values as necessary To set the zero depth at the top of the graph and greatest depth at the lowest part of the graph to give a representation of the pipeline s depth position click in the Values in reverse order box Page 56 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 83 File Edit View Insert Format Tools Chart Window Help la x Dc E el v xs o a BSl 6 412 Blo aria s s mB z u Ez Eg x 8 8 5 o A Value Axis E Simulation Gas Pipeline 50 o 10 48 120 46 30 44 40 50 42 i ettet 4 19 o z 40 Current dBmA 70 E A Depth CM la 34 90 361 100 341 l 110 1 120 32 A 130 30 BRR RRR RRR ttt 140 e Iu e uw e Iu a py e Iu ae uw e I ae w e wo e w e w d w e 2 N a 8 amp 8 Y BO cg GO j B FF SSR KR HY BE o M s d Distance Metres I4 49 MN Charti Z Chart2 Chart3 Chart4 Z Charts Z Chart Chart Chart8 Chart9 Sheeti Sheet2 br Ready I pm essit ii Astr AE 233 e Wy a Mierosort r eje M eH 15 46 25 The final stage is to change the colours and fill colours as in the previous instructions Page 57 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Using Ms Excel to prepare a graph which uses 2 Y Axes such as Distance against Current in dBmA and Depth or Dist
35. Filter tab Appendix 1 Export Setup Properties Sample Configurable ASCH Setup xj Change daaar pon asa 12 Hour Clock Z di MM DD YY o cme opem Hee Export Setup Properties Sample Configurable ASCII Setup XL XEXI XI I Page 89 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 7 The Coordinate System tab Export Setup Properties Sample Configurable ASCH Setup BE xi Change Page 90 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 9 You now need to create a Template Carefully enter the template format illustrated in the next screen ASCII Export Template Editor Attributes E Apply to IV Points v Lines v Areas Output File Extension csv Use Template as Heading r Field Format Delimiters Delimited Field Comma Other C Fixed Column Text None Decimal Dot r Macro Palette Latitude Northing Feature ID Header Star GPS Time Longitude Easting Feature Name Footer Stat Text HAE MSL Attributes HdFt End New Line m Template Worksheet KE asting Northing Attributes E Cancel Clear Template Help 10 Save all these settings and the file will export as a list of coordinates with corresponding PCM measurements You will notice that you now have a list of all the readings with coordinates follo
36. LF Page 73 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 2 When locate Depth or locate Current is required either Depth or Current keys are pressed When the Depth or Current is displayed on LCD Pressing Shift and Depth will transmit both Depth and Current to the datalogger F04 0002 ACTIVE 128Hz 037 L P cm 145 mA 103 68 dB 100 31 CR LF Using Imperial Depth settings for LCD display F04 0003 ACTIVE 98Hz 034 L P inches 50 mA 269 43 dB 108 61 CR LF Version CR with CPS frequency F04 0004 ACTIVE 100Hz 046 L P cm 112 mA 99 35 0B 99 94 CR LF 3 When the PCM magnetometer foot is activated to display a 4 Hz Pipeline Current reading and then the result is saved by a second press of the PCM Check key the data is saved in the magnetometer foot It is also transmitted to the datalogger F04 0005 ACTIVE 128HZ L P cm 89 mA 272 20 dB 108 70 bk CR LF Using Imperial Depth settings for the LCD display F04 0006 ACTIVE 98Hz 034 L P inches 43 mA 268 72 dB 108 59 bk CR LF 4 If the PCM is used with the accessory A Frame plugged in to the accessory socket and the result is saved in the PCM receiver by pressing the Shift and Depth keys and the readings will also be transmitted to the datalogger FO4 0007 PCMFF 8HZ A fd dB 63 41 CR LF In examples 2 and 3 Depth will be in either Metric or Imperial units as defined in paragraphs vii and ix above depending
37. OWER iii The currently selected frequency The frequency will consist of a number which represents the operating frequency in Hz In Power Radio and Passive modes the frequency will be approximately the band centre frequency iv The gain The gain will be a number in the 8 to 100 range i e 008 100 v The received signal strength The received signal will be in the range 000 999 or will be set to if the depth or current is to be displayed vi The Line or Sonde Mode The mode will be indicated by the upper case letters L or S for Line or Sonde modes vii The aerial response i e Peak or Null The response will be indicated by the upper case letters P or N for Peak or Null modes viii A number indicating the volume setting The Volume setting will be in the range 0 3 Where 0 Off 1 Minimum Volume 2 Medium Volume 3 Maximum Volume ix The battery voltage in levels The battery level will be in the range 0 4 Where 0 Battery Empty 1 25 Full 2 50 Full 3 75 Full 4 100 Full Page 69 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 x The Depth The depth and current will be displayed if either the depth or current buttons have been pressed and a valid reading obtained If the receiver is configured for metric measurement the reported format will be as follows The metric measurement will be in the form M 0 00 9 99 which is the depth in metres The M preceding the number denotes Me
38. PCM magfoot attachment see section 2 Page 3 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide P GIMETX Redi Serial No Frequency Select 2 PEMET Rad eee o Output Voltage Level KS Output OK Over Temerature Power Limit Voltage Limit 600mA 14A 300 mA V 2A 100 mA E 3A Output Level Page 4 Section 1 PCM Transmitter Functions The PCM transmitter is housed in a rugged waterproof case which can be opened easily by applying a slight pressure to the top of the case just above the clips The clips will then open freely In certain situations the air pressure within the case may need to be equalised by unscrewing the small knob located by the handle The case needs to remain open during operation to allow the heat sink to cool When closing case ensure connection cables are kept away from the heat sink and the support strut Frequency Select The 4 Hz output current is shown on the LCD The three position rotary switch selects the applied mapping frequencies as follows TRANSMISSION LINES ELF maximum range 35 4 Hz 65 ELF 128 Hz or 98 Hz TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LINES ELF current direction medium range 35 4 Hz e 30 8 Hz current direction 35 ELF 128 Hz or 98 Hz DISTRIBUTION LINES LF current direction alternative frequency 35 4 Hz e 30 8 Hz current direction 35 LF 640 Hz or 512 Hz The 4 Hz mapping frequency is
39. Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Revision 7 04 11 02 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Trouble Shooting When reporting any problem to your Radiodetection Dealer Supplier it is important to quote the following Equipment Serial Number Software Revision Number Software Revision Number is displayed on the LCD during switch on AN Warning Radiodetection Receivers detect almost all buried cables and most conductors but there are some which do not radiate signals and which Radiodetection receivers cannot detect Radiodetection receivers do not indicate whether a signal is from a single cable several buried side by side or one above another This equipment is NOT approved for use in areas where hazardous gases may be present Reduce audio level before using headphones Ni Cad batteries should be disposed of in accordance with your Company s work practice and or the relevant law or guidelines in your country AN Warning The operation of any cable and pipe locator may be affected when used in close proximity to ferrous materials such as manhole covers and parked cars Keep a one or two meter distance from these objects when taking critical measurements such as depth and current readings Standing too close to the locator when wearing steel toe capped boots may also affect the readings cE This instrument or family of instruments will not be permanently damaged by reasonable electrostatic discharge and has been tested in acc
40. ULL PERS Accurate PCM results are only obtained when the Peak and Null positions are within 15 cm 6 inches of each other Effects of interference from parallel pipes and valves on the Peak and Null positions If Peak and Null locates are different by more than 15 cm 6 inches assume that magnetic field is distorted and take PCM readings at a different position When searching for a service Tie ins or L then perform a box sweep of the area Walk to the side of the pipe turn the gain up until a 5096 reading is obtained When walking around the box remember to keep the PCM receiver in position so that the blade is never in line with the pipe Page 19 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 3 Depth and Current measurements When taking depth and current measurements it is E always important to position the PCM directly Seah above the pipeline and at 90 to it gr Pipeline depth measurements can be taken in all of the location frequencies except 50 60Hz Power frequency MI Current measurements can be taken in the ELF LF and 8kHz location frequencies ES PCM versions CR CS and CT will also provide current measurement in the CPS frequency L When the PCM magnetometer foot is attached to take PCM readings make sure that the PCM magfoot arrow is pointing along the direction of the pipeline On a slope the attachment allows a certain degree of a
41. a may be gathered refer to the Radiodetection PCM locate serial data sheet for full formats A couple of sample strings are included here F02 0010 ACTIVE 98HZ 040 L P 1 4 M 0 06 3 10mA no F02 0011 ACTIVE 98HZ 040 L P 1 4 M 0 06 3 20mA no For the different data fields to record set up next paragraph with the following values without double quotes NOTE Please re read paragraphs on previous page IMPORTANT NOTE and the differences between text and numeric data To record just depth prefix of M suffix of and Max Bytes of 8 To record just current prefix of suffix of mA and Max Bytes of 11 To record complete text info prefix of M suffix of and Max Bytes of 24 Auto Connect No Name Radiodetection PCM Channel 0 Connect Disconnect Data Request Intervals Point Feature All Line Area All Not in feature All Attribute Must be same as defined in Data Dictionary CRITICAL Data Received Prefix As above Suffix As above Max Bytes As above Timeout 0 100 s Audible Click Yes Status Line Yes Remember that most values such as gain and battery strength will change and as such will not be suitable for use as a prefix or suffix Also Auto Connect may be set to yes to automatically make the RD the default external sensor This will select it and make it active every time a data file is started Page 78 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 It is also required
42. ackward no No current direction xv The Fault find direction The Fault find direction is displayed in the same way as CD fd Forward bk Backward no No current direction xvi Fault find units Fault find units are Decibel microvolts Note With software version 5 04 FaultFind units are Decibel millivolts xvii Fault Find Voltage Fault find voltage is transmitted with dB microvolts scaling xviii 4 Hz PCM Current unit mA xviv 4 Hz PCM current in mA xx 4 Hz PCM current unit dB xxi 4 Hz PCM current in dB PCM 4 Hz Current is displayed in both mA and dB The units mA precede the numerical value in mA and are followed by dB unit and the numerical dB current value Note Software versions up to revision 5 03 display in dB microamps Software version 5 04 displays in dB milliamps xxii PCM 4 Hz Current Direction The PCM 4Hz current direction will be one of the following fd Forward bk Backward no No current direction The exact content of each transmitted data string will depend on the current operating status of the locator details can be found in the examples below Examples of Parameters Four different outputs can be provided by the PCM when using DCE interface at 19200 Baud 1 In the normal locate mode the screen information is transmitted when Shift and Depth keys are pressed This provides little useful information but verifies system function F04 0001 ACTIVE 128Hz 034 471 L P CR
43. ance against dBmA and Current Loss Rate in milliBels metre 83 File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help D a E amp IAY BBS o c ww w A zi M 9 B 100 je arial gio Elie UujmEz aBx NER G8 E D7 D8y B8 B7 1000 A B C D E H J 1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 E 3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss 4 Number mA dBmA mB metre 5 ER 7 1 0 293 3 49 35 Undefined 66 8 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse eal 244 E 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 53 11 2 10 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 15 1 Do NOT highlight any Ed 6 125 257 4 48 21 Reverse B 3 6 later stage instead click on 1 7 150 257 3 48 21 Reverse 62 34 8 175 2546 48 12 Reverse B1 3 6 eset ts as onteida 15 9 200 253 8 48 09 Reverse 61 1 2 3 16 10 225 2533 48 07 Reverse 62 og 2 Click on Chart Wizard Er 11 250 249 2 47 93 Reverse 58 5 6 18 12 275 248 7 47 91 Reverse 60 0 8 19 13 300 247 7 47 88 Reverse 59 1 2 20 14 325 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58 2 E 15 350 246 2 47 83 Reverse 58 22 16 375 245 6 47 8 Reverse 58 1 2 i23 17 400 245 3 47 79 Reverse 58 0 4 24 18 425 239 4 47 58 Reverse 57 8 4 E251 18 450 238 47 53 Reverse 54 2 25 20 475 230 1 47 24 Reverse 128 11 5 al 21 500 229 6 47 22 Reverse 58 0 8 28 22 525 223 6 46 99 Reverse 117 9 2 29 23 550 204 46 19 Reverse 49 32 30 24 575 188 4 45 5 Reverse 111 27 6 E 25 600 182 9 45 24 Reverse 87 10 4 Note To calculat
44. ation Depth can be changed between Metric M cm and Imperial Feet and Inches Additionally this can be chosen at the point of downloading to PC on the Download software main control panel 3 Current Measurement and PCM 4 Hz Current Measurement Current Measurement can be changed between A mA and dBmA Data displayed on the LCD will be shown either in mA or dBmA depending on this selection Note It is generally easier to discover pipeline faults using mA on the display as there is a larger numerical change in the review mode using mA instead of dBmA This selection is best chosen by user experience Data stored in the PCM datalogger will always be in both A mA and dBmA and either of these can be selected from the spreadsheet after download The datastream output from the RS232 socket on PCM s with software up to 5 02 for use by an external datalogger or datalogging GPS system will include current mA or dBmA dependent on this selection PCM s with software version 5 03 include both mA and dBmA independently of this selection Please see Section 13 of this manual 4 Power frequency filter selection The software contains different digital filter settings for either 50 Hz or 60 Hz power environments Note The CPS frequency 100 Hz or 120 Hz and the LF and ELF frequency remain at their original factory settings 5 50 60 Hz Power mode activate Activates on or deactivates off the Power mode Page 37 Page 38
45. ation Gas Pipeline data and Y Axis Current dBmA Value X Axis 60 Distance Metres 50 Value Y axis current dBm Second category X axis Current dBmA o 500 1000 1500 2000 Distance Metres Second value Y axis Chart Wizard Step of Chart Location xJ 10 Choose if the data chart and Place chart graph are to be placed on the same page or the graph is to As new sheet Chart2 be placed on a new sheet New sheet is preferable C As object in 5heeti 11 Click on Finish and the graph will appear t Cancel Back Next gt L Enis Page 46 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 icrosoft Excel SimulationtasPipelimedata xIs ada File Edit View Insert Format Tools Chart Window Help 8 cHSeaT em amp so c amp e ouzjwe2 g al B10 Brul 28 Sx 88 El oA alue Y axis Simulation Gas Pipeline SH Font Number Alignment Value Y axis scale Auto Iv Minimum o V Maximum 60 Iv Major unit 10 50 iHEHNE LL LLL LLL Lu s LL LLLLLLLLLLTTT LL Ml Dl g G n iLuL 0 C5 1 06 0 0 60 2 t 4797979799999 e P n a e alue X axis woe X Crosses at 0 40 BI 9 T Logarithmic scale gt values in reverse order E Value X axis crosses at maximum value ea T z 30 2 5 20 10 Ds T T T T T T T T T 1 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
46. ation technique section 3 Note Peak is the preferred method Left Right Indication 9 Indicates direction to pipe centre in Null mode This is useful for fast pipe tracing and checking for interference Accessory Socket 10 Peak Null key can also be used to select accessories that have been connected to the PCM via the plug on the back panel The icon indicates that the accessory has been selected This selection is automatic with some types of accessory Note The PCM magnetometer foot will be disabled if an accessory is connected Example accessories are External antenna Ask Radiodetection A Frame See section 7 Page 30 32 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide ULL e Section 2 Touch Gain Control and Bargraph 11 Turn gain paddle clockwise or counter clockwise to increase or decrease PCM gain level Actual PCM dB gain level 0 to 100 is displayed next to gain symbol top left of the LCD The lower the gain reading the stronger the signal source Signal strength is shown on the bargraph The numerical display shows the bargraph percentage If bargraph indicates full scale the numerical display indicates 99 9 touch the gain control once counter clockwise to reduce to 60 of full scale Note Gain control paddle operates by small angular touch turn and NOT full rotation Depth 12 Once the target has been pinpointed press to display the distanc
47. ayed on speaker volume icon AN Warning To avoid possible injury always test the audio level prior to using earphones Shift Depth Key 5 Saves data from Accessory A Frame Fault Find when this is connected Shift Locate Current Key 6 Datalog erase only when in the Datalog Review Mode and the PCM magfoot is fitted Page 11 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide ELF LF 8k r CPS Review MU Page 12 Section 2 Operating Frequency Mode 7 Press the Mode key to move through the choice of operating frequencies modes available Mapping Modes ELF Extra Low Frequency128 Hz 98 Hz LF Low Frequency 640 Hz 512 Hz 8 kHz Standard locate frequency from battery powered Radiodetection transmitters Current Direction arrows are displayed only with the PCM measurement and not in locate modes unless the PCM is supplied with CD frequency Extra Locate Modes fy Detects 50 Hz 60 Hz from power cables CPS Detects 100 Hz 120 Hz ripple from CP transformer rectifier Review Mode Review Allows information stored in the data log to be accessed A Frame Indicates when Fault Find Accessory A Frame is connected Peak Null 8 Used to pinpoint target line Press to select either Peak or Null response The pointer indicates selection Peak and null locate modes are shown in basic loc
48. ce the Upload is complete PCM32 can be closed down and the data is ready for display Viewing Survey Data Uploaded data can be viewed by opening the PCM32 Datalog icon or the data can be opened in the Spreadsheet Page 43 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Preparing the PCM graph using Microsoft Excel Three methods to present the PCM results are shown in the following pages of this section Pages 45 49 explain basic 2 axis graph of Distance against Current X amp Y Pages 50 58 explain method to include 2 Y axes using Distance against Current dBmA and Depth Pages 59 67 explain Distance against Current dBmA and Rate of Current loss MilleBels per Metre mB M e File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help Dg EG T RBI we rr So 9 Aria 0 B Zz u S209 M FFL As PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 Log Distance 4Hz Direction Depth Number mA dBmA cm 1 ol 293 3 49 35 Undefined 66 2 25 23 5 48 74 Reverse 64 Spreadsheet PCM current data 3 50 265 48 45 Reverse 63 Open MS Excel File new 4 75 2635 48 42 Reverse 62 Select Edit from toolbar and Paste from pull 5 100 260 1 48 3 Reverse B3 down menu or use Crt V 6 125 257 4 48 21 Reverse B0 Thi il ihe clisbeard tents in MS 7 150 2573 48 21 Reverse 62 ee 8 175 254 B 48 12 Reverse 61 Excel and your data will appear in columns 9 200 2538 48 09 Reverse 61 A F Column G will also be
49. ces false indications and thereby minimises unnecessary excavations Provides data logging and on site review of readings receiver stores 100 or 399 readings and permits a graph to be printed from stored readings via a PC or Laptop e Can be supplied with Accessory A frame and used to pinpoint coating defects e Reduces operational and maintenance costs and speeds up survey time Eliminates the need for the operator to perform current spans and manual calculations to determine CP currents along the pipeline that require connection to the pipeline e Is designed for the Pipeline Industry with guidance and support from Gas Industry leaders e The PCM is one part of the Radiodetection Pipeline Product range which also includes the Stray Current Mapper Precision Pipe Locator Pipeline Vector Bar and Smart Interrupter Investigation of PCM Current relative to DC pipeline current 29 November 1997 by Martin J Frazier Corr Comp Co Schaumburg IL 60193 Copies of this paper can be purchased from Radiodetection Page 1 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Step by Step Guide to Mapping Section Pages PCM Transmitter Set Up Connect output leads 1 6 amp 7 WHITE to pipeline 1 6 amp 7 GREEN to anode ElJ or suitable 1 6 amp 7 grounding point 1 6 amp 7 Select Mapping frequency 1 4 Connect Power source 1 10 Switch on transmitter 1 4 amp 5 Set current output level 1 4 amp 5 PCM Receiver Set Up Slide on and connect
50. contact and push Shift key and touch Depth key The Display will show Sav and the log number in the top left corner of the LCD Reviewing PCM FF data Remove the PCM Magnetometer foot if it is fitted Press Peak Null key 8 to change to peak and press mode key 7 to select Review mode The LCD will show Log then the most recent log number will be displayed at the top left corner of the LCD The dB microvolt value of the PCM FF result and the direction of the faultfind arrows will be shown on the LCD Data Upload PCM FF Data When the survey is completed the stored data can be uploaded to PC laptop but the magnetometer foot must be detached from the PCM receiver to access the stored Fault Find data Upload procedure is the same as for the 4 Hz current gradient readings using the PCM data upload utility program and the file name is FFData TXT Please see software section 11 page 40 for more information Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 8 Avoiding sources of error to achieve consistent results Always use the standard techniques to ensure measurements are valid Confirm that peak and null signals coincide If in doubt check for field distortion by taking a depth reading and then raise the receiver a known height say 0 5M and confirm the depth measurement increases by the corresponding amount As the PCM uses such a low frequency the sources of error are much reduced However there are still c
51. corner of the screen This is the log number that will be used if the reading is saved Press v to accept displays SAv and returns to locate mode Press X to reject returns to locate mode Overwriting previously stored results Previously stored measurements can be overwritten Use the gain paddle to select the required log number before pressing the acceptance v button Review mode 7 To review previously stored data attach the magnetometer foot to the PCM Use Mode key 7 to select review mode The LCD will show Log then the most recent log number will be displayed at the top left corner of the LCD The mA value of the PCM result and the current direction arrows will be shown on the LCD Use the gain paddle to step backwards or forwards through the stored data logs If the datalogger is empty no LOg will be shown Page 16 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 2 Upload 16 Note Radiodetection upload software is required on the target PC See PC Software section for further details With the magnetometer foot attached and the unit in Review mode stored datalogs can be uploaded to a PC Use the full 9 pin D type RS232 serial cable provided with the PCM to connect the PCM Receiver to the PC Press the Depth key and uLd is displayed Data stored in the receiver is not erased until confirmation is received from the PC With Upload 16 software version 32 use
52. current direction and the dB microvolt reading Note that the gain numbers will flash during calculations No user adjustment is necessary Display arrows indicate PCM Transmitter current direction through the ground for user convenience this is arranged to display direction to fault If no arrows are displayed there is unlikely to be a fault close by and there is too little current in the ground to activate the fault direction arrows or by chance the A Frame is directly over a fault Make sure that there is good ground contact Pouring a small amount of Water on a road surface will improve results The display also indicates the dB microvolt reading If reading is around 30 or less there is unlikely to be a fault nearby Move further along the pipeline and make ground contact with the A Frame spikes again When a new position gives CD arrow indication forwards and the next gives CD arrow indication backwards the operator has walked over a fault A numerical dB microvolt reading of around 60 can be expected Move backwards along the pipeline taking tests at 1 Metre intervals See that the numerical dB microvolt reading value rises briefly falls and rises again before gradually reducing The CD arrows will also change direction either side of the fault point Retest by taking small movements forwards or backwards until the position is found where the arrows just change direction and the dB microvolt reading is low
53. d Category X axis labels sheeti 1 B 7 B 79 ES Second category X axis labels sheeti 1 6 7 5 79 xj Cancel lt Back vex Finish 20 Click on Next Chart Wizard step 3 of 4 Chart options This stage is for Titles Axes Grid lines legends etc Page 53 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Type these in now The Title will appear at the top of the graph example In Category X Axis type in Distance Metres In Value Y Axis type in Current dBmA In Second Value Y Axis type in Depth cm These will appear on the graph example Click on Next 21 Chart Wizard Step 4 of 4 The chart can be placed as a new Sheet which is preferable or as an object in the worksheet Click on the As new sheet option button Then click on Finish the graph will appear Page 54 Titles Axes Gridlines Legend Data Labels Data Table Chart title Simulation Gas Pipeline Category X axis Distance Metres Value Y axis current dBmA Second category X axis Second value Y axis Depth CM Simulation Gas Pipeline 60 140 120 1 E 100 d 40 z z 30 80 a gt Current dBm 60 amp Depth CM 5 20 40 a o 10 20 0 onononone amp mnrmocduuirnmo Yes Lng Distance Metres Place chart lai As new sheet C As object in Chart5 Sheet gt 3r Cancel Back
54. djustment to help maintain this position Try to flatten the ground to allow PCM magfoot to be parallel to the pipeline Incorrect depth and current measurements will be obtained if the receiver is held at this angle Do not take readings like this Note Accurate PCM results rely on accurate depth measurement As magnetic field distortion is likely at T s junctions bends or depth changes of the pipeline try to avoid taking PCM measurements above these points Page 20 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide aa Section 4 Current Mapping Theory Current Measurements Obtaining and understanding results A current flowing on a buried conductive structure produces a magnetic field directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied current By resolving components of the magnetic field from above surface the original current can be precisely determined At the heart of the PCM system is the current mapping near DC signal applied by the transmitter A pipeline s electrical characteristics of current attenuation and distribution at this very low frequency 4 Hz signal are virtually the same as they are for the Cathodic Protection current from the rectifier The PCM receiver contains a precision high performance sensor known as a magnetometer which remotely detects and measures very low frequency magnetic fields Advanced signal processing technology provides push button current measurement and direct
55. e approximately the band centre frequency iv The gain The gain will be a number in the 8 to 100 range i e 008 100 v The received signal strength The received signal will be in the range 000 999 or will be set to if the depth or current is to be displayed vi The Line or Sonde Mode The mode will be indicated by the upper case letters L or S for Line or Sonde modes vii The aerial response The response will be indicated by upper case letters as follows Peak Null Standard accessory A Frame CM Clamp Double Depth antenna CD Stethoscope OoOOOPzZU viii Depth units ix Depth If either the depth key or the current key has been pressed and a valid reading obtained the depth will be transmitted The depth will be in the range 000 to 999 cm if the receiver is configured for metric measurement The depth will be in the range 000 to 180 inches if the receiver is configured for Imperial measurement x Current units mA xi Current in mA xii Current units dB xiii Current in dB microamps Note Software version 5 04 produces current in dB milliamps The current will be transmitted with both mA and dB scaling Page 72 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 xiv The CD current direction PCM Version CT only The current direction will only be displayed if the CD button has been pressed and a result obtained The current direction will be one of the following fd Forward bk B
56. e between the bottom of PCM blade or attachment and the center of the pipe Depth measurements are displayed as follows Less than 1 Metre depth displayed in cm Greater than 1 Metre depth displayed in M cm Less than 3 feet distance is displayed in inches Greater than 3 feet distance is displayed in feet Note To obtain accurate depth measurement the PCM must be directly over pipe with the blade at right angles to the target Locate Current 13 Press once to obtain current value mA of locate signal when directly over pipe Note This is the locate current not the PCM current Locate Current is available in the ELF LF and 8kHz frequencies Locate current is also available in CPS mode except PCM model versions CO and CP Not available in 50 60 Hz Power modes Page 13 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide LF ELF 8k 100Hz Transmitter with CD signal Page 14 Section 2 Current Direction CD Keypad of PCM version CT uses extra key CD This uses 320 640 Hz CD signal from standard Radiodetection transmitter types RD433 HCTx RD433 HCTX2 and PTX 3 providing CD output Current Direction arrows identify pipeline in locate mode frequencies Locate the pipeline and touch CD key CD arrows on the display will point away from transmitter on correct pipeline and towards the transmitter on the wrong pipeline Analogue Bargraph should be 100 scale or near 0 on the scale To exit
57. e enabled this is indicated by a tick next to the device 6 Press Enter to save the Comms parameters for Sensor 1 Press Enter again to save the configuration for the PCM sensor The list of available sensors should now appear as illustrated in the following screen snap Activate the PCM interface by selecting it from the menu a tick will appear next to its name in the list Read Status The TSC1 Asset Surveyor software is now configured for use with the PCM as an external sensor Taking measurements with the TSC1 and PCM 1 Connect the TSC1 to the GPS backpack by plugging the cable into the Bottom port of the TSC1 2 Connect the PCM to the TSC1 by plugging the cable into the Top port of the TSC1 and the port on the back of the PCM receiver Note The cable that connects the PCM to the TSC1 is different from the standard 9 pin pin to pin PCM Upload Cable To change the PCM output baud rate to 19200 pin 4 should be removed on a standard 9 pin pin to pin RS232 cable Data transmission from the PCM will be in the format F04 3 Switch on the PCM and the TSC1 Move to the first measuring point and locate and pinpoint the pipeline Page 86 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 4 Onthe TSC1 create a new data file Select Measuring point Press Enter Then press F3 This prepares the TSC1 to receive the datastream from the PCM as an External sensor C1 On the PCM Press the PCM key to take
58. e feature position gathering if they are required to move off the path of the line to avoid traffic take a break etc 5 Data Processing and Exporting into a GIS system This is a substantial part of the processing and use of the data and what follows here is just a basic introduction of one sample application Data is processed as normal for data cleanup differential correction and file naming and archiving Page 79 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 The data export setup is configured within the Utilities Export menu In the upper window select corrected rover file The Output Folder should contain the export subdirectory for the current project Choose an Export Setup like Sample ArcView Shape file Setup Adjust the export options via the Change Setup Options button If going to ArcView use lat long WGS84 Hit OK in upper right corner The Rover file is converted to a shape file and placed in export subdirectory Open ArcView either go to View Add A Theme or follow opening window 1 Create a project with a new view 2 would you like to add data to the new view In either case go to project export directory under pfdata Select and bring shape files into ArcView window view 6 Intended Purpose This system is intended only to assist in record keeping and system planning It is not intended to replace onsite utility locating measuring and verification procedures which are essential to accurate
59. e the loss in milliBels meter use the formula shown in the formula bar insert a new column if necessary or use the next blank column Type in zero 0 in the first line cell Highlight the second line cell and type in the formula in the formula bar Click on the green tick next to the formula bar Highlight the column and click and drag to the last line Click edit on the toolbar Click Fill from the pull down menu Click on the down arrow from the next menu Page 58 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 17 28 15 Depth Loss cm mB metre 1 66 go Chart Wizard Step 1 of Chart Type xJ 54 24 4 63 112 Standard Types Custom Types B2 16 Chart type Sample 63 46 ld Columns with Depth 60 3 6 Cones 3 Click on Custom 62 0 EE Floating Bars Types from the menu 61 3 6 l Line Column tab scroll down the B1 12 t Bine Cel mn en 2 Axes chart types and click B2 0 8 Kit Lines on 2 Axes on line column 58 5 6 Logarithmic on 2 Axes for dBmA 60 0 8 EF Outdoor Bars and Current Loss 59 1 2 Pie Explosion Rate Click on 58 2 g Smooth Lines Next 58 0 lhd Stack of Colors E E rz em d Classic combination chart Columns are lotted on primary axis lines are plotted J E Built in n secondary axis Cancel lt Back next gt Finish Data Range Series 4 This shows Chart Wizard steps 2 of 4 To create a chart click in the Data range box Then on the Do no
60. ent Mapper User Guide Section 13 PCM as External Sensor for TSC1 with Asset Surveyor Software Version 2 1 August 8 2000 This application note is designed to guide users sales and support staff through connecting a Trimble TSC1 collector TSC1 with Asset Surveyor software to a Radiodetection Pipeline Current Mapper PCM for the purposes of using the PCM to aid the mapping technician in gathering accurate positional data of buried utilities for inclusion into a Geographic Information System GIS These two products together also aid the corrosion technician with very accurate distance measurements between PCM readings for accurate current loss distance measurements Trimble Survey Controller Software not Asset Surveyor in the data collector is currently not supported as that software does not allow external sensors to be added With practice users will find this system is a fast convenient and accurate method of collecting data Several steps are required including setting up the Trimble Data Dictionary TDD setting up the PDL as an external sensor and connecting the PDL to the TSC The basic of gathering data is also included Future developments may include a predefined setup in the TSC1 to make the configuration an easy one step process IMPORTANT NOTE The PCM sends out several different measurements including current in milliamperes mA depth and current direction The TSC1 Asset Surveyor is not capable of getting
61. er is full This provides compatibility with GPS based dataloggers and ensures that only user requested operations are logged Typical datalogger types are Psion Workabout and Trimble TDC 1 and TDC2 This system provides 4 different data streams all at 19200 baud Mechanical and Electrical connection The RS232 socket used is as follows IBM PC style D shell 9 way socket The hardware used by the RD400 Series 2 and series 4 Locators satisfies the EIA electrical requirement for RS232D signals with limited handshaking The minimum signals required are TXD RXD and Ground The pin number and intended destination at the DTE are shown below Pin 1 DCD Pin 2 RXD Pin 3 TXD Pin 4 DTR oco OO06 Pin 5 GND SOOO Pin 6 DSR Pin 7 RTS Pin 8 CTS Pin 9 Open circuit Page 67 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Interface Connection to DTE The locator is implemented as a DCE and provides the necessary handshaking signals required by an external system configured as a DTE The Locator loops back the DTE control signals as follows DCD DTR and DSR linked together RTS and CTS linked together Data transmission does not require handshaking A direct pin to pin connection between the locator and DTE will provide the correct interface in situations that require the FOO data format see below This provides compatibility with the PSION LZ64 system operating at 2400 baud For all other data formats i
62. erse 59 Scatter with data points connected by 17 245 3 El Reverse 58 smoothed Lines 239 4 a Reverse 19 238 fem Reverse 20 230 1 fare Reverse 21 229 6 Reverse 22 223 6 z Reverse Cancel lt Bac Next gt Finish 23 204 Reverse 24 188 4 I Reverse 25 182 9 awe Reverse 26 177 2 ESES Reverse 32 27 145 7 c Reverse 97 144 2 El Dovarco co ini m m Hn 2 Highlight Distance column B 3 Hold down CTRL and highlight 4 Hz dBmA column D 4 Click on Chart Wizard from the Toolbar 5 From chart type select XY Scatter 6 Choose a graph form Standard Types Custom Types Chart type Sample M Area E 7 Press and hold bar to view sample and click on Doughnut 20 Next yy Radar dipl Surface 58 9 Bubble 0 li Stock zi 0 500 1000 1500 2000 pe with data points connected by moothed Lines Cancel Bac Next gt Finish Page 45 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 2 xi Data Range Series 8 Move to step 2 on Chart Wizard This shows a si graph picture and the data ranges different 20 data ranges can be selected at this stage if a small L part of the total data is needed Data range Series in C Rows Columns Bl cma m en m 9 Move to step 3 of Chart Wizard Titles Axes Gridlines Legend Data Labels and insert Chart Title Values of X hee Axis and Title Distance Metres Simulation Gas Pipeline data Simul
63. ertain circumstances that will create errors Identifying Interference Poor Peak and Null locate outside 15 cm 6 inch maximum Errors due to locate ELF LF signal distortion can result in errors in 4Hz current measurement This is because the 4Hz current measurement process relies on depth as measured by the ELF or LF signal Unreasonable depth measurement Reading on LCD bargraph not stable LCD displays Err numbers 11 or 29 Reason for Interference Parallel pipes Too close to transmitter Tie ins T junctions and L bends Measurements at Ts bends abrupt changes in depth etc should be avoided as there will always be a degree of field distortion at these points Taking readings too close to large parked vehicles moving vehicles boots or shoes with steel toe caps or large metal structures Taking readings near to PCM transmitter and anode cables or anode groundbed Measurements taken near the transmitter anode bed or earth stake can be misleading This is because all the signal current passes through the earth stake or anode bed The signal ground currents close to the transmitter are therefore significant and opposite to the pipe current The effect is that for the first 30 50 meters or so depending on ground conditions the measured current may increase In fact the current on the pipe is probably at a constant level If it is necessary to survey this section of pipe it will be necessary to apply the tran
64. essful connection has been established between the PC and the TSC1 you will see ID sent followed by directory sent on the TSC1 screen and the PC will display Connected to GIS Datalogger 8 Click on the Send tab on the PC 9 Select the Add option Scroll down to Data Directory and select the Data Dictionary you created in the previous step 10 Press the Transfer all button After transferring the selected Data Dictionary to the TSC1 the PC will display the following message 1 file successfully transferred 11 Select Close on the PC Page 83 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 Your Data Dictionary TSC1 has now been transferred to the TSC1 Programming the TSC1 Do not connect the TSC1 to the GPS system until after configuration has been completed This configuration process is necessary to set up the TSC1 to interface with the PCM In the terminology of Trimble s Asset Surveyor software the PCM is treated as an external sensor The configuration procedure is as follows 1 Turn on the TSC1 The Main Menu will appear on the screen Main menu din Data i collection ET Navigation ons Receiver status WA Satellite information 2 From the TSC1 s Main Menu select Configuration The Configuration menu appears algixi Configuration Coordinate system Map display options Navigation options Units and display Time and date Quickmarks C
65. est This will confirm the fault is directly under the centre of the A Frame Turn the A Frame through 90 degrees so that it is now across the pipeline Repeat previous stage The fault point is now exactly under the centre of the A Frame Mark this point with a wooden stake or paint Continue along the pipeline section until all faults have been found and marked Page 31 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Page 32 STO kF Section 7 Comparing fault severity To determine the severity of the fault and compare different faults on the pipeline to decide repair priorities take the dB microvolt readings with the A Frame at 90 degrees to the pipeline Place one of the A Frame s spikes directly above the pipeline and the other away from the pipeline Start approximately 1 Metre from the fault position testing at 25cm or smaller intervals Note the highest dB microvolt reading or save it in the datalogger and note log number At any time during the survey the user can switch to locating the pipeline using the Peak null accessory key 8 or pulling out the connection plug from the accessory socket on the PCM Rx and taking current gradient readings Saving PCM FF Readings 15 You may use the datalogging facility to record up to 190 A Frame results Take readings at regular intervals or write down the distance between measurements and the log number To save readings keep the A Frame in ground
66. ext Current d3m Distance Metres Page 62 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 21 Chart Wizard Step 4 of 4 Place chart Chart location ls a e Chart Fears The chart can be placed as a new sheet which is C Ue BEeu M preferable or as an object Sort aula d in the worksheet m Back TERN Click on the New Sheet point Then Click on Finish the graph will appear lefxi S File Edit View Insert Format Tools Chart Window Help la xj PEA TENA E E FA T EA fara 0 nru e B g x a3ce c g 5 A Value Axis bd Simulation Gas Pipeline 70 60 60 50 mum Current loss rate mB M 50 e Current dBmA 40 t g 40 t Ld a T H 30 E 30 S 120 20 Plot Area 10 10 0 amp l A a 5 3 vel lt 3 e 3 a e lt 3 vl 3 PPP PSP FSPF LPP PE PEF CELE ME d P dp e un Distance Metres 4149 MIN Charti Z Chart2 Chart3 f Chart4 f Charts Charte Chart Chart8 Chart9 Chart10 Sheeti bf Ready eur 22 The next stage is to improve the appearance of the graph and make it easier to interpret The dB mA current does not need full scale from zero to maximum and this can be changed Page 63 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 en e mmu Current loss rate mB Current dBmA 40 8 eee mmm 8 Current dBmA n e z d E 2 S o E o
67. f pipe with poor coating The effect of a short or contact with another service is a sudden current loss The effect of a poorly coated steel shield in contact with the pipeline is to show reduced current in one measurement section This effect is either a section of perfect coating or ground conditions that are shielding the signal dry or rocky ground Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide B 4D0 450 soo A 550 p AA B00 ee pd v Q 1A A B Current Distance m A B ne Current Distance m Section 6 Applications Parallel Pipes New distribution pipe with the old pipe running parallel and about 30 cm 10 inches away A 1 Amp signal was applied To make the explanation easier the pipe has been divided into section A amp B Section A Good peak and null locate with peak and null locates in the same position Results indicate a good coating on the pipe 600 and 550 mA Section B Poor peak and null locate shifted to one side from the previous alignment Readings start to decrease rapidly In this case the old pipe had been shorted to the new pipe The poor coating on the old pipe provided a good path for the PCM transmitter current This is indicated by the locate being offset to one side and the rapid decrease in current reading When plotted the graph illustrated this effect with the bend indicating the position of the short contac
68. from the PCM Transmitter to the pipeline connection and the Green cable from the PCM transmitter to the anode Note If the Anode is heavily depleted it will be high resistance and the PCM transmitter signal lights will indicate higher voltage In this case it is advisable to use a series of long ground stakes to provide low resistance grounding for the PCM transmitter Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Pipe to be Surveyed Section 1 Whatever grounding is used for the PCM transmitter it should have resistance less than 20 Ohms to ensure good current output from the transmitter Using another pipeline as a ground for the PCM transmitter is an effective way of applying the signal Note Make sure that the other pipeline runs in a different direction from the pipeline to be surveyed Streams drainage ditches dykes marshes or any mass of water can be used to ground the transmitter Connect the Green lead to any large metal object and submerge it in the water Note Make sure that the pipeline is not running through the same wet area Other electrical fixtures can be used to ground the PCM transmitter However this will cause all electrical cables in the area to carry the PCM transmitter signal If these cables run near the pipeline they may affect the survey results Page 9 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 1 PCM Transmitter Power Supply Connections Switch t
69. gnal Error 21 Indicates that depth to target line is beyond depth measurement range Error 26 PCM ERROR Problem communicating with PCM attachment Check attachment is properly connected and repeat operation Error 27 PCM LOG ERROR PCM attachment datalog has been corrupted You may ignore this in order to salvage the data in the log An upload or log erase will clear this error Error 28 NOT ENOUGH MEM software error Turn the locator off then on to reset software Error 29 AGC FAIL locator unable to automatically set gain for depth or current measurement Either insufficient ELF or LF signal or there is interference Try measurement again Equipment Errors Errors 12 to 19 inclusive and 23 24 45 require the unit to be returned to Radiodetection for rectification Error 26 may require return of unit to Radiodetection Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 10 Changing LCD Display Options for PCM Receiver The PCM receiver display configuration may be changed by the user but incorrect key presses may cause POM to lock so these instructions must be followed EXACTLY ELF LF 8k 4 CPS Options available l 1 Language x The language on the display can be changed 184 2 T 4 88 between Gb English Fr French Ger German nL Dutch ItL Italian Choosing different language change translations for Depth Current Error Log review etc 2 Depth Calcul
70. he new pipeline in Section B and had a small amount of current flowing in the opposite direction This had a cancellation effect which caused the current on the new pipeline to fall When plotted the graph illustrated this effect Distance m Survey on new pipeline where the current on one side of the transmitter flowed away from the transmitter The PCM transmitter was connected and a 1 Amp current selected A reading of 900 mA was detected on one side with the arrows pointing towards the transmitter The other side gave a poor Peak and Null with the current pointing away from the transmitter Another reading was taken further away from the transmitter with the same result It was found that another service was shorted to the pipeline as shown and at some stage ran parallel to the new pipeline The current on the new pipeline had no effect as it was so small compared to this other service Page 28 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 6 Locating bonding cables between new and old pipelines by moving PCM Transmitter to both ends of a new transmission pipeline that had an older discarded pipeline running parallel and about 3 M 10 away The PCM Tx was connected at a rectifier and a current measurement of 800 mA confirmed the direction to follow At a distance of about 3 Km 2 miles from the transmitter two readings were obtained 300mA on the new pipeline and 100mA
71. he pipe or cable being located that included attributes describing the type nature owner size pressure etc of the line If multiple utilities are being located at once multiple line for position and point for depth features would likely be required one pair for each utility type Page 77 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Another important part of setting up this system for data gathering is the positional data recording rate The trade off is accuracy versus data set size Users may be tempted to use a relatively long period between position points While this may be adequate for a long straight utility the accuracy of the corner positions may be severely compromised Nor can we assume that all corners are basically the same Some systems such as gas pipes are typically all 90 degree elbows and T s and laid square to the property lines Cables are sometimes laid diagonally or with large radius bends If the TSC is set to record data every say 10 seconds that may show up a sharp 90 degree bend as a longer larger radius path To put a number on this if the user is walking at 1 meter per second an average walking speed corners could be out 5 9 meters with a 10 second sample rate A more frequent recording rate of once every 1 or 2 seconds would reduce these errors substantially 2 To properly set up the TSC to accept the PCM as an external sensor users have to enter the TSC External Sensor Setup Other locator dat
72. he same name r System File Format Tip C DOS Files Select this option if your target system is z running under a Windows Operating c Y s System or contains test in the ANSI c s character set Text files in this format UNIX Files have lt CarriageRetum gt lt NewLine gt C IMncniosh Files record terminators 4 The Attributes tab Export Setup Properties Sample Configurable ASCII Setup xj Position Fiter Coordinate System Configurable ASCII Data Output Attributes Units Export Menu Attributes As e Attibute Value C Code Value 1 C Code Value 2 Generated Attributes All Feature Types Point Features PDOP Correction Status Receiver Type Height Vertical Precision Horizontal Precision Date Recorded Standard Deviation Time Recorded Position Update Status gt Point ID Line Features Area Features Length 2D Area 2D Perimeter 2D Perimeter 3D Average Vert Precision Average Horiz Precision Worst Vert Precision xi Length 3D Average Vert Precision Average Horiz Precision Worst Vert Precision Worst Horiz Precision zl Note No generated attributes should be ticked Page 88 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide 5 The Units tab 6 The Position
73. hms law shows that adding more current will cause more voltage but higher rectifier output voltages have been shown to speed the degradation of coatings Another side effect is that more current flowing can cause embrittlement of the pipeline metal leading to premature and possibly catastrophic failures The PCM provides a new method to quickly locate faults and poor coating that is draining the current resulting in improved potentials and minimising damaging side effects A PCM does not replace a Close Interval Potential Survey CIPS as current flow and voltage potentials are related but other factors vary this relation The use of a Potential Survey is still required to verify protection levels usually after the rehabilitation work designed around PCM results is completed The PCM System Consists of a portable transmitter and a hand held receiver The transmitter applies a special near DC signal to the pipeline The receiver locates this unique signal on the pipeline and displays the signal s current magnitude and direction without connection to the pipeline Accurately and easily locates and maps the pipeline even in areas where there is contact with other metallic structures interference or congestion Provides a current profile and current direction that is virtually the same as the CP currents on the pipeline see footnote e Provides an accurate evaluation of the condition of the coating of a section of pipe Redu
74. iminishing magnitude The graph showing dBmA clearly shows the magnitude of the faults are equal Therefore dBmA shows the ratio of the faults whereas mA alone may give rise to misinterpretation of data due to the high current loss near the transmitter and lower losses further away Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 4 Graph 1 The line marked A to E is the data collected whilst the line 1 to 4 is the interpreted data Note that at position A the current falls and then returns to almost its original level This is probably due to field distortion of the locate signal possibly caused by another utility line above the pipeline and should be ignored or further investigation undertaken Steps B to E show definite steps with some field distortion at the point of fault and loss of signal Note the recovered reading is less than the signal before the trouble Graph 1 Same level X 60 pot e NB Different levels 58 Ny Ine p 6 2 od m 04 l Im Es 3 50 4 48 46 0 200 400 Distance Further investigations using the PCM A Frame should now be undertaken so as to pinpoint the exact position of the faults 600 Page 23 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 5 TAKING MEASUREMENTS Pipelines and Distribution systems Basic Technique Tie ins and L The current will be split between the two lines i e 800 700 10
75. interface at 19200 Baud 1 In the normal locate mode the full screen information is transmitted when Shift and Depth keys are pressed F02 0001 ACTIVE 128HZ 032 629 L P 0 4 When locate Depth or locate Current is required either Depth or Current keys are pressed When the Depth or Current is displayed on LCD Pressing Shift and Depth will transmit both Depth and Current to the datalogger F02 0002 ACTIVE 128HZ 032 L P 0 4 M 1 29 0 52A When the PCM magnetometer foot is activated to display a 4 Hz Pipeline Current reading and then the result is saved by a second press of the PCM Check key the data is saved in the magnetometer foot It is also transmitted to the datalogger F02 0003 ACTIVE 128HZ 033 L P 0 4 M 1 29 490mA bk Please note that software versions 4 00 4 01 4 02 4 03 4 04 4 05 5 00 and 5 01 do not transmit depth reading at the same time as PCM reading Versions 1 02 1 03 and 5 02 transmit complete information as above Depth is always saved in the PCM s magnetometer foot If the PCM is used with the accessory A Frame plugged in to the accessory socket and the result is saved in the PCM receiver by pressing the Shift and Depth keys and the readings will also be transmitted to the datalogger FO2 0004 PCMFF 8HZ L P 0 4 fd 073dB In examples 2 and 3 Depth will be in either Metric or Imperial units as defined in paragraph x above depending on the PCM receiver LCD set
76. ion of the near DC 4 Hz signal and a datalogging function enables graph of current loss against distance to be plotted after downloading to PC In all diagrams the arrows indicate the direction of current flow to the transmitter Their relative size reflects the magnitude of the current The PCM transmitter applies a current to the pipeline and this current reduces in strength as the distance from the transmitter increases The rate of reduction depends on the condition of the pipe coating ground resistivity and pipe electrical resistance The PCM receiver compensates for depth changes during current measurements and current readings remain constant even when the depth of the pipeline changes When a fault is encountered the current quickly drops A fault will result from coating damage contacts with other services etc The loss of PCM current will be virtually proportional to the amount of CP current being used at the fault Note Linear current loss may naturally occur along the pipeline due to the age of the pipe and coating conditions Page 21 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide E T No Distance iu E faa D Distance Lu Distance E to UO Distance Page 22 Section 4 Using dBmA for Pipeline Current Mapping The PCM receiver can display current as amps mA or dBmA and when results are saved to the internal datalogger both mA and dBmA are sto
77. me more accurate and less costly to purchase Making a PCM survey with GPS means that the results can be combined with a Geographical Information System GIS providing very useful information for defect analysis and simplifying future comparison of survey results All Radiodetection PCM and RD400 locator receivers with a RS232 socket can provide output to GPS and Dataloggers Below are explanations of the data transmission protocol describing use with different dataloggers and special set up instructions for the Trimble pathfinder TDC1 and TSC1 GPS systems Full configuration and operating instructions for the Trimble GPS Pathfinder Pro XR Pro XRS and Power Systems are given at Appendix 1 System Overview The RS232 port fitted to the receivers allows the operator to log measurement operations carried out by the receiver If connected to a PSION LZ 64 type datalogger a complete update is transmitted at 2400 baud whenever a key is pressed or the gain altered ensuring that no operations are lost This system does not provide PCM current data If connected to any other datalogger which appears as a DTE a complete update is transmitted whenever the Shift Depth keys are pressed providing that depth is still on the screen and no more than 6 seconds has elapsed since performing a Depth or Current Measurement With a PCM the data is transmitted when the PCM current reading is accepted with the check key even if the internal PCM datalogg
78. n calculate the dB loss per kilometer when the distance between PCM readings is entered in the Excel spreadsheet With Erase log on PCM checked the PCM boot will be v Erase log on PCM erased after a successful upload with the check removed the data will be copied from the boot to the PC and remain on the boot for future removal To delete the datalogger readings stored in the PCM foot select Review mode and use the Shift Current keys on the POM receiver Once PCM32 is setup with the required options you are ready to upload the data from r STATUS UPLOAD your PCM receiver Using a standard CONUSEE BC MEE IBS CAI PUDAD RS232C lead connect the selected Comm EER port of your computer to the RS232 socket on the back of your PCM receiver Switch on the PCM and using the mode key select the Review mode Press the Upload button on PCM32 the Vtt status window will STATUS r STATUS Opening port briefly show Opening WaliiglorPCM __ m port then Waiting for Abot al PCM see pics Once PCM32 is waiting for the PCM press the Depth key 16 on the PCM receiver this will initiate the Upload a brief message will indicate that data is being uploaded The data will be transferred to the PC Clipboard STATUS If for some reason the upload needs to be Stopped press the abort button For example poor comms between PCM32 and the PCM Transfer aborted receiver or an incorrect setup On
79. nt is increased If the 60V 80V 100V lights are illuminated do not use excessive voltage or current as this may result in high current density through small holidays and coating defects This may cause minor corrosion if the transmitter is left switched on for very long periods LCD display The 3 digit LCD displays the 4 Hz signal current in amps that is being delivered onto the pipe Transmitter status indicated by the following LEDs GREEN Output OK RED Over Temperature RED Power Limit RED Voltage Limit Over Temperature The transmitter will automatically shut down and can be switched on again when it has cooled Power Limit External power supply not capable of supplying the demanded power to support transmission at the selected current The transmitter has reached its own power limit Switch to a lower current setting until the GREEN Output OK LED comes on Allow a few seconds to settle between selections Page 5 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide OUTPUT BOTHLEADS HAZARDOUS LIVE White To Pipe A ER USER MANUAL Green To Ground Page 6 Section 1 SIGNAL CONNECTION AN Warning Appropriate safety procedures must be followed before removing pipeline CP connection AN Warning Before handling connection leads switch transmitter OFF Disconnect both pipe and anode cables from the rectifier Ensure the transmitter is turned off Connect the White signal output lead to the pipe cable
80. on the old pipeline The PCM current arrows pointed towards the PCM Tx indicating that somewhere within the 3Km 2 miles the new pipeline had been bonded to the old pipeline The Tx was then connected to the other end of the new pipeline and measurements taken at exactly the same positions A reading of 800 mA was detected on the new pipe but there was no reading on the old pipeline As a series of readings were taken on both pipelines closer to the point of bonding current appeared on both pipelines and with the arrows in opposite direction This indicated that the bonding point was further ahead The point of bonding was located and a measurement of 500 mA concluded that the other faults existed closer to the rectifier Page 29 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Q TR Red Green Distant Fault no indication Line fault Line fault No CD displayed ahead behind PCM Tx H e Fault on the line Page 30 Section 7 Using the Accessory A Frame with the PCM Overview The accessory A Frame is used with the PCM receiver to precisely pinpoint coating defects and isolation faults The A Frame spikes need to make good electrical contact with the ground preferably with damp conductive earth The PCM receiver display indicates direction to the fault using the CD direction arrows and this makes fault position easy to locate The PCM also displays the dB microvolts reading acr
81. ons PCM32 UPLOAD and PCMS32 Datalog and PCM32 FF Datalog will appear Viewing PCM Survey Data The download data can be viewed by opening PCM 32 Datalog icon Viewing PCM faultfind Data The PCM Faultfind Data can be viewed by opening the PCM 32 FF Datalog icon Data Upload Version 2 1 Uploading PCM FF data Do not connect the PCM magnetometer foot Switch on the PCM receiver and select Review mode The PCM LCD will display Review and the A Frame indicator flags DATAREPORT Software In addition to the PCM data upload utility program there is the alternative DATAREPORT software for storing and archiving PCM data The Dongle for operating the software is available from Radiodetection part number 52 PM2093PC and the latest software can be downloaded from Intermedia s website http www imedia fr Please contact Radiodetection for more information Page 41 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide PCM Upload Version 2 1 Uploading PCM Current data Section 11 Fit the PCM magfoot to the PCM receiver switch on and select Review Mode Connect the standard RS232 pip to pin serial lead between the PCM and PC Laptop pos EI Pcm3z To Start PCM32 Upload click on the Icon Once Started the PCM32 main control panel will be displayed This panel allows full control of PCM32 Spreadsheet le T Copy last upload setup and options m l I Add LOSS fo
82. onstant offset External sensors Hardveare TSC 1 Page 84 3 4 Appendix 1 Sensor 2 Laser Sensor 1 Auto connect Name Channel Connect Disconnect Data request Intervals Point feature Line area Not in feature Sensor 1 Attribute Data received Prefix Suffix Max butes Timeout Audible click Status line Select sensor Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide mE 0 100s Yes DYes Select External sensors from the Configuration menu The Select sensor menu appears Press the F1 key Setup to configure Sensor 1 The configuration form appears Change each of the lines as illustrated in the following two screens Page 85 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 5 The PCM sensor has now been configured with the exception of its Serial RS232 communications parameters To configure these parameters press the F1 Comms key The Comms Setup screen will appear Enter the configuration exactly as it appears in the following illustration with the exception that the designated Serial Port should be Top Sensor 1 Serial port QoCOM 2 Baud rate Q 19200 Data bits OH Stop bits Q 1 Parity None Note If the Comms button is not available it s possible that another pre configured sensor or laser already has the sensor port open If this is the case check the other sensor laser options and make sure none ar
83. ordance with IEC 801 2 However in extreme cases temporary malfunction may occur If this happens switch off wait and switch on again If the instrument still malfunctions disconnect the batteries for a few seconds Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide CONTENTS Title Section Page IntrGdUctlon cei bent iun eee nee uices ee Nt 1 Step by Step Guide to Current Mapping mel crim 3 PCM Transmitter Functions sese je 4 Signal Conrnectlon 1 icr e ee oed ele Bin eae Dice aeter ne el aed 6 PCM Receiver Functions sss esent enne 2nd 11 Steps in Pipeline Current Measurement eee 15 PCM Receiver Use Basic Locating Technique Depthing sce ere e redde da eoe guru 18 Mapping Current Theory using dBmA sse d isse edes 22 Taking Measurements sse ener D dette fo TTT 24 Applications case studies sssseeeeeeee ene Diosc lu eee 27 Using Accessory A Frame with PCM sssssssseeeeenneens CR veri nip DTE EIN EE 30 Identifying Interference eseeeeeneeen mener Ease die Vedere das re rh exe ree 33 Avoiding errors and Interpreting Results sees B sd itor 34 Error CodeS M S Qui ides Da ree depen 36 Changing LCD Display sse TO annee eee antics 37 PCM Software Instructions versions V 1 1 and V 2 1
84. oss the A Frame spikes and this allows a comparison to be made between different faults to determine the most severe This numeric value can be stored in the PCM s second datalogging facility recalled and uploaded later to a PC Operation After obtaining PCM current loss results decide which sections of the pipeline require Fault Find survey The PCM transmitter is connected and switched on using frequencies of ELF with 4 and 8 Hz or LF with 4 and 8 Hz PCM Fault Find readings can be taken with or without the PCM magnetometer foot connected to the POM receiver Note With the Accessory A Frame plugged in it is not possible to take PCM Current readings Plug the 3 pin connection lead into the A Frame and the multipin connector into the accessory socket on the rear of the PCM Rx The PCM Rx will beep switch to the accessory Socket position and indicate a flag against the A Frame position on the PCM LCD label The PCM LCD shows FF Use the peak null accessory key 8 to switch between locate and faultfinding Locate the pipeline Position the A frame above and in line with the pipeline and the spike marked with Green tag away from the transmitter connection point Red spike tag towards transmitter Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 7 Push the A Frame spikes into the ground to take a reading It will then automatically adjust its signal level and calculate the
85. ox shows 3 Source Data Values Page 60 gil oEISEese Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide 1 293 3 49 35 Undefined 66 D 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse 64 24 4 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 11 2 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 1 6 F aan mena am ala c4 48 i ii e EAT 1 0 2933 4935 Undefined 6 7 a 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 11 2 4 75 263 5 48 42 Reverse 62 1 5 5 100 260 1 48 3 Reverse 63 4 8i 6 125 257 4 48 21 Reverse 601 3 En PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 Section 12 21x 64 2444 asheeti a 7 6 79 si 13 Highlight click and drag the loss mB metre column G These values will appear in the box Click on the small red icon Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss Number mA dBmA cm mB metre DataRange Series Current Loss Rate mB M 1 0 2933 49 35 Undefined 865 i 70 2 25 2735 1874Reverse 64 244 s 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 112 5 4 75 2835 4842 Reverse 62 1 6 0 Garant Lose Rate men 5 100 2801 48 3 Reverse 63 48 20 6 125 2574 48 21 Reverse 60 3 6 p 7 150 2573 48 21 Reverse B2 0 o 28 40 0 6 See EH 3B Lab a G ags Ko P s 14 The graph now shows Distance 12 LI LL on X axis and Loss mB metre 2i O8 Seres on Y axis 8i 5 64 A Name current Loss Rate mB M d 0i 0 8 3 12 T di Bae
86. particular pipe an input voltage of 20 V may only allow a maximum output of 300 mA whereas an input voltage of 50 V may allow an output of 3 A The transmitter DC input is protected against reverse polarity and over voltage and will not operate unless connected correctly Page 10 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 2 PCM Receiver Functions On Off 1 Press for On and Off If no control key is pressed for 5 minutes an audible beep warning is sounded The PCM will automatically shut off 30 seconds after the warning Pressing any of the operator keys will reset the automatic power off timer When the PCM is switched off it automatically saves the operating settings for the next start up Batteries 2 Display provides 4 level continuous indication of battery status When battery replacement is necessary display shows flashing battery symbol and Lo bat The expected battery life with normal use is 20 hours To replace batteries unscrew the battery compartment cover and insert 12 x LR6 AA Alkaline or Ni Cad batteries Note When installing batteries always observe the correct battery polarity as indicated on battery holder Shift Key 3 Use the Shift key to access 3 secondary functions on the following keys T Shift Mode Key 4 Sound level Hold down the Shift key and press the mode key to increase decrease or silence the sound output Sound level is displ
87. placement of new underground installations and avoidance of existing utilities All local city state provincial and federal laws and guidelines must be followed including calling local 1 call organisations and or facility owners Author Gord Parker Applications Specialist Western Canada Radiodetection Canada Ltd Ph 403 281 1808 Fax 403 281 1828 Website http www radiodetection ca Email gord parker radiodetection spx com Page 80 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 14 Product Group Product Description PXL 2 PXL 2 Frequency selection 50Hz EF 98 128 OMEN DENN RN Product features Current measurement eft Right Null mode Variable Volume Speaker CPS Depth measurement CPS Current measurement t T t Ht Fr He PCM Data Logging RS232 Socket lAccessory socket l Gain control paddle Accessories Optional Ni Cad battery pack Opt Display backlight Opt Accessory A Frame Product Group PCM Transmitter Part number standard or 52 PM1748 removable lid 52 PM1748 RL EURO EURO EURO Mains power supply 60Hz 110V 50Hz 50Hz 60Hz 110V 50Hz 220 230V 220 230V 220 230V 17 PM1748 E14 USA Mains lead UK 17 PM1748 E14 UK 17 PM1748 E14 EURO 17 PM1748 E10 ignal output lead green white
88. r User Guide Section 12 Co al aaa undefined Source Data Values Jx 2 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse B4 24 4 co HU er C m N 12 The long rectangular box shows Source Data Values BRE i L IO o 2 Ss SS 5 70 MEEEEEENEEEEEEENR RREEN J EENI 2 25 273 5 48 741 Reverse B4 24 4 IN 3 50 265 484GiReverse 63 112 sheettigo 7 40 79 El 10 4 75 2653 5 48 421Reverse 62 1 6 at 5 100 2601 48 3iReverse 63 48 13 Highlight Click and drag the dBmA Current m2 6 125 257 4 4821 Reverse 60 3 6 column D These values will appear in the box Click on the small red icon Ae ee Ce E RR ee ee ERR ERR ee ae i Se a d PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss Ea 2 3 t Number mA dBmA cm mBvmetre DataRange Seres 5 Current dBmA 6 zal 1 D 2933 48 35iUndefined 66 so 8 2 25 273 5 48 7 4 Reverse 64 24 4 50 9 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 11 2 40 40 4 75 2635 4842lReverse 62 18 80 1 5 100 2801 483iReverse 63 48 a 12 6 125 257 4 48 21 Reverse 60 3 6 13 7 150 257 31 48 21 Reverse 62 D S SREESSRESRRESER 44 8 175 254 6 48 12 Reverse 61 36 EEE 45 9 20n TEI AQ NAi Dauaran c1 1 2 1 7 z 14 The graph now shows 2 Series z aai i A Name current dBmA
89. r a distance of perhaps 2 to 10 meters either side of the fault and the effect will vary depending on the type and severity of the fault Page 34 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 8 A fault caused by the surveyed pipeline being in contact with another structure such as another pipe or cable running across the pipeline will show some distortion of the magnetic field directly over the contact but is unlikely to show the rise in current after the fault These effects are more noticeable when the survey is performed over a short distance either side of a fault This highlights the need to perform surveys over a complete section before attempting a more detailed survey of suspect areas Page 35 Page 36 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 9 Error Codes The PCM will display Err when it is operated in unfavourable electromagnetic conditions or there is an equipment fault Many of the errors can be overcome by alternative signal application or measurement positions Error Codes are indicated by the words Err with the specific code being displayed in the top left hand corner Some error codes will require the PCM receiver to be returned to your Radiodetection or your Distributor for examination Operational Errors Error 9 Indicates that the signal is too small or too large to measure depth current Check Transmitter settings Error 11 Indicates a strong overhead si
90. r can select if log data is erased or retained See PC Software section 1 page 41 Upon successful completion the data is erased from the PCM and cLr followed by no Log is displayed Note Using PCM32 Download Software the user can choose to copy data to PC and not to erase stored data Please refer to software section 1 1 Erase All Stored Datalogs 6 While in the Review mode the entire log can be deleted To prevent accidental erasure both the Shift and Locate Current keys have to be pressed simultaneously Displays cLr while erasing and no LOg when empty Page 17 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide PEAK A 3NI T 3dld 25 23 E e NULL LA v k 75 73 Fe FT Page 18 Section 3 PCM Receiver use basic location technique If the PCM transmitter is connected and switched on use ELF or LF frequency If no transmitter is connected use CPS frequency to locate 100 120 Hz from CP system Switch on the PCM receiver and use key to select operating frequency to locate the pipeline Pinpointing a Target Line Pinpointing defines the exact position and direction of a pipeline after it has been traced and its position is approximately known Pinpointing is important as the depth and current readings are affected by misalignment error Peak Procedure Adjust the PCM Receiver sensitivity to half scale If bargraph is full touch the gain paddle counterclockwise once
91. ransmitter OFF before connecting to either e 230 V 110 V AC supply 20 50 V DC source 15 35 V rectified source 230 V 110 V AC Supply or Generator AN Warning The equipment must be earthed through the plug The transmitter is rated at 300 W at 230 V AC 50 Hz 110 V AC 60 Hz Connect the mains power lead to the rectifier or use 230V 110V generator that provides 300W or more for the transmitter to operate at its maximum output capacity Vehicle DC to AC Inverter Power supply from a vehicle DC to AC inverter which provides 300W or more at 230V 110V from 12 24V DC can also be used DC Supply This allows the PCM Transmitter to be powered from 2 X 12V or 1 X 24 V auto batteries and the output from the rectifier to the pipe and anode 20 50 V DC and 15 35V rectified AC supply The input voltage range is 20 50 V DC 14 35 V rectified AC The current drawn from the supply will be a maximum of 5 A Ensure that the rectifier is switched off Then connect the black lead to the negative supply and the red lead to the positive supply and switch the receiver on If the supply cannot provide 5 A this will be indicated by the power limit warning light Turn the six position Current Select switch to the minimum position and switch on the PCM transmitter Progressively increase to obtain a current output setting which does not overload the input Maximum output power is dependent upon voltage For example on a
92. red in the memory To change the PCM display current from mA to dBmA please see method in section 10 page 37 The AC signal current applied to a coated pipeline in perfect condition will be lost by capacitance as distance increases from the point where the signal is applied The PCM uses near DC signal 4Hz for current measurement so capacitative losses are minimal The resulting graph drawn using A mA will have an exponential slope because there is a greater current loss rate close to the transmitter Converting the exponential mA result to logarithmic dBmA will show the same graph as a straight line slope Displaying the results using dBmA loss per distance has the advantage that the resulting graph is easier to analyse Example There was a coated pipeline which had three defects of equal electrical resistance one near the beginning the next in the middle and one at the end If the current loss graph is prepared using mA on the vertical scale the second and third faults would be shown as progressively smaller steps in the graph This is due to Ohms law and the loss of current at the previous fault Using dBmA as the vertical scale would result in equal steps in the graph for equal size faults regardless of how much current was lost at the first fault The graphs below show three equal faults and the effects on a graph showing mA and dBmA Note that the graph showing mA at first glance suggests that the faults are of d
93. required to evaluate a section of pipeline The transmitter has three operating modes that enable both distribution and transmission pipeline Systems to be effectively mapped Connecting the PCM is straightforward and the transmitter s current reading LCD and power indicating LED s help the operator to choose the best settings for the specific pipeline application Use of PCM Transmitter see section 1 PCM Receiver The hand held receiver unit is used to locate the pipeline even in heavily congested areas and then provides the operator with a measurement of depth current strength and direction of the near DC signal applied by the system s transmitter The receiver makes the required calculations and instantaneously displays the results This provides the operator with an improved method that accurately troubleshoots the CP system by pinpointing metallic contacts and locating areas of coating defects Use of PCM receiver see section 2 PCM Attachment magfoot This contains the magnetometer mag foot that detects the near DC mapping current The PCM magnetometer foot is switched on when the PCM current key is pressed to take a PCM measurement When the PCM foot is fitted to the PCM receiver there will be a confirming beep from the loudspeaker The PCM magfoot also stores the pipeline current mapping results in the built in datalogger and it must be attached to the receiver to upload results to PC Use of
94. rmula Set up the software selection when using it for the first time Set up options will be saved for future use I Eiase log on PCM Port Units Delimiter COM1 C Inches C Comma C COM2 Centimeters C Space C COM3 C Colon C COM4 C Semicolon PCM Data Upload Utity TAB RadioDetectior Ltd Version v2 1 STATUS UPLOAD Close Connect locator then click UPLOAD r Port Select the required Com port to be used for connecting G COM1 the PCM receiver C COM2 C COM3 C COM 4 m Delimiter P Carns The PCM receiver records its data in a text delimited file During upload C s you can select the type of delimiter used by the spreadsheet application ud that will display the data For example Lotus123 uses Comma and C Colon Microsoft Excel prefers Space or Tab C Semicolon TAB Units C Inches Centimeters During data upload the Depth measurement units can be set to either Metric or Imperial units Page 42 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 11 With Copy Last Upload checked the uploaded data will be v Copy last upload DRE W Copy last unload eee automatically copied to the PC s Clipboard for easy pasting into a v dd LOSS formule spreadsheet Note this ONLY works with MS Excel M Erase log on PCM With Add Loss formula checked an extra column of data CUTETNOT CIRCE 3 will be included during upload PCM32 will automatically Digest eti sh el t
95. smitter at a different location and work back to this point Locate current e n ELF and with a locate reading current below 15 mA the PCM readings will not be accurate In LF and with a locate reading current below 2 mA the PCM reading will not be accurate PCM Current POM current results depend on locate current If the PCM current has fallen below 100mA on a long survey it is likely that the locate current is also low It is possible to obtain results by using a portable transmitter nearby to provide a locate signal Use a different frequency from the PCM transmitter locate frequency Please see section 1 page 6 Direction Arrows The direction arrow indicates current flow to the transmitter Adirection arrow will not be displayed if the transmitter is set to the ELF 4Hz 128Hz mode Please see PCM transmitter section 1 Adirection arrow will not be displayed if the PCM receiver is unsure of the current direction However the current reading will still be accurate Page 33 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 8 Interpretation of PCM results Introduction The principle of the PCM is that the frequency used is so low 4Hz that the effects of induced and capacitance coupling to other lines are reduced to almost zero Also natural decay of the signal due to these effects is also reduced to almost zero The losses are due completely to resistive losses i e coating defects or contact to other structures
96. t To verify the fault location the transmitter was repositioned to the other end of the pipeline and the following results obtained Section A Good Peak and Null locate reading decreasing at a steady rate Section B Poor peak and Null locate with a sharp fall in current reading Section C Short Contact The easiest path for the current to flow is down the old discarded pipe As this is in the opposite direction to the flow on the new pipe it has a cancellation effect which accounts for the sharp drop in reading The short would be at the point where the current drops close to zero The graph is used to illustrate this effect Page 27 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 6 Typical application where a short piece of parallel pipeline interfered with the result able For ease of explanation the pipeline has been Cz divided into three parts A B amp C ae ea In this situation a 1 Amp signal was applied to the new pipeline and the direction of maximum current 600 50 flow followed H d Za Section A Good Peak and Null locate and a B 6 A 700 zo steady rate of decrease that indicated Aa a good coating Q 1A Section B Poor Peak and Null locate outside 15cm 6 in requirement and a significant drop in current reading Section C Good Peak and Null locate with a rise A B C in current and then a steady rate of decrease Current Another service was found to be close to t
97. t enter anything in the Data range worksheet select the cells that contain the data and labels you box want in the chart i 5 Click on Series in Menu Tabs Data range f Series in C Rows C Columns Cancel Back vex Finish Page 59 DataRange Series Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 12 6 Click on Add Series box will display 3 z Series 1 and Blank Graph will appear 08 ja e a H 1 H T 7 Series 1 will be replaced by name in 02 the Name box Click the Name box and i i type in Current loss mB m Series amp H zl wee Se 8 In the Category X axis labels Click on the small red arrow The box will was 1 E change into a long rectangular box Chart Wizard step 2 of 4 Chart so Category X axis labels xj Cancel Back Next gt Finish A B E D E F G H J K L M N 1 PCM Receiver Datalog Upload File September 99 17 28 15 E23 L3 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss 4 Number mA dBmA cm mB metre 4 Co AJO OO 293 49 35 Undefined 66 0 c0 eS EB 2l 25 273 5 48 74 Reverse B4 244 7 g 3 50 265 48 46 Reverse 63 112 15heet1 4847 8479 10 4 75 2635 48 42 Reverse 62 1 6 11 5i 100 260 1 48 3 Reverse 63 48 ay ei 125 2574 4821 Reverse 60 36 13 Hi 150 Ac CU DU d 14 8 1755 9 On the worksheet highlight click LI 4 I at
98. t will be necessary to de assert DTR by using a modified connecting cable which is made by removing Pin 4 from the 9 Pin female plug on a standard 9 Pin RS232 connecting lead see diagram above This switches the PCM data output to 19200 baud and the locator behaves like it does when connected to a DCE system Connection to DCE A three wire system using TXD RXD and GND is used allowing a direct pin to pin connection between the locator and DCE to provide the correct interface Data Format In order to conserve power the locator RS232 interface will remain in an inactive state except when data transmission is being made The data format depends on the implementation of the external system For RD400 Series 2 locators only If the external system appears as a DTE e g PSION system which asserts DTR then the data will be transmitted at 2400BPS with eight data bits no parity and one stop bit A line of the data will be transmitted when any front panel key is pressed The data string will be in format F00 as defined below If the external system is a DCE or uses a 3 wire system and does not assert DTR then the data will be transmitted at 19200 BPS with eight data bits no parity and one stop bit A line of the data will be transmitted when Shift Depth is pressed An entire line will be transmitted in 1 second and will represent the state of the receiver at the time when the depth or current measurement was performed The data consists
99. the most PCM current so using the PCM receiver to measure the current on all the pipe sections fed from the rectifier will indicate the section with the worst CP faults This is a quick and easy guide to coating quality Page 7 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Wire Link Test Point Joint Remove Link or Shunt Test Point Insulating Joint Wire Link or Shunt Test Point Sacrificial Anode Remove Link or Shunt Test Point Sacrificial Insulating Joint Page 8 Section 1 PCM Transmitter to pipeline connections when rectifier is not available Test Points At some test points there are Isolation Joints with cables to the surface Connect the PCM transmitter across the Isolation Joint White cable to the side of the pipeline that you want to survey Green cable to the other side for ground Note Make sure that the pipes run in opposite directions If your connections are on pipes in the same direction this may effect the survey results Sacrificial Anodes Sacrificial anodes can be used as a grounding point for the PCM transmitter and this type of connection can be used when there are no Isolation Joints Note Some sacrificial anodes are connected directly to the pipeline and not linked to test points These can be easily located as they cause large PCM current loss Disconnect the link wire from pipeline to sacrificial anode in the test point Connect the White cable
100. the pipeline current measurement Confirm the reading by pressing the PCM key a second time This will save the PCM data in the PCM magnetometer foot and at the same time transmit the data to the TSC1 datalogger 6 The TSC1 will beep and the counter in the bottom right hand corner of the LCD screen will count while this happens The TSC1 will beep a second time Press F3 again The data is now saved in the TSC1 Move to the next measuring point 7 This routine of Enter F3 PCM key PCM key F3 is repeated at every measurement point until the survey is completed 8 The latest data stored can be viewed by pressing F3 Status and F3 Ext Note that only the first part of the datastream is shown on the TSC1 LCD When you return to the office you should download data from the TSC1 to Trimble s Pathfinder Office software using the normal data transfer procedure as documented in the Pathfinder Office on line help and or User Manual Exporting TSC1 data to Trimble s Pathfinder Office Software 1 In the Pathfinder Office software select Utilities Export The Export Utility will appear six r Input Files Folder D pfdata Pipeline current L9 Selected Files Cancel R072414B ssf i z Help Output Folder d projects pfdata Pipeline current Export Browse Choose an Export Setup Sample Configurable ASCII Setup E Format Configurable ASCII Type of Export Features including Not in Feature Positions O
101. this will reduce sensitivity and bargraph to 60 It may be necessary to adjust the gain during the procedure to keep the bargraph on scale e Hold the detection blade near the ground and with the blade vertical Make traverses from side to side of the pipeline and define the point of maximum response Turn the Receiver around as if it is a pivot Stop at the maximum response and note receiver direction Reduce sensitivity if necessary e Continue to rotate receiver until display shows zero response the blade is now parallel with the pipeline and this shows the exact direction of the pipeline Rotate the receiver through 90 degrees The response is now maximum Move the Receiver gently from side to side to define the exact position of the peak response The detection blade will then be directly over the pipeline and at right angles to it Mark the pipeline position Null Procedure Follow the procedure for pinpointing with a peak response and mark the position Switch to null response and follow the left right arrows Note the position of the null response over the target Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 3 If the positions of the peak and the null pinpoints correspond it can be assumed that the pinpoint is precise If the positions do not correspond the pinpoint is not precise Note that both peak and null pinpoints will show an error to the same side True position will be close to peak position N
102. tick mark type Style x None Outside Color Automatic x Inside Cross Weight nne Tick mark labels C None High Sampe Low Next to axis Current dBmA oes 13 Set up X and Y Axis tick marks to make graph more readable 30 M poo poop oo T 31 T 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14 Distance Metres i Change fill colour according to preference I4 4 e MN Chartt_ Chart Chart3 Sheeti_ Sheet2 Sheet alo Pa File Edit Uieu Insert Format Tools Chart Window Help Deusy tes Bele x 4 WO v C3 v a 96 2 I B z uUl 22m 9 E El EA Plot Area he Simulation Gas Pipeline i Y 45 Series 1 624 44 97 lt E h 5 s ix i TES E toe o X e tteeeHeees eee 35 GIO diens run yy yy ppp 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Distance Metres ld 4 e IN Chart f Chart2 Chart3 Sheeti Sheet Sheet3 Ja Page 48 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 Using MS Excel to prepare a graph which used 2 Y Axes such as Distance against Current in dBmA and Depth or Distance against dBmA and Current Loss Rate in milliBels metre X Hicrosoft Excel Simulation amp asPipelinedata xls 2
103. ticular area The following diagram is a typical street involving Tie ins and an L The readings from the PCM and distances to prevent interference have been included By working around the map a short was quickly and easily detected Read 1 Read 2 Read 3 700 A In this example measurements were taken at key areas to determine direction of major current flow Read 2 indicated initial direction to follow Read 5 indicated which section on tie in to follow Read 9 indicated that the short had been passed and was between Read 9 and Read 8 Short found by dividing the distance between a good and bad read until located 900 2 Current ee 600 500 400 300 200 10 Distance m Page 25 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide I 1A 900 800 700 1A 750 500 250 TO OO I l i l jj 1A 900 800 500 300 200 250 UMS l 1A 900 800 l l l I l 1A 950 on Gm 700 650 1 l I MI I 1A 950 900 900 900 850 700 Page 26 Section 5 Pipelines and Pipeline defects Interpretation of Readings and Graphs See Upload section 11 pages 39 43 See Drawing Graphs section 12 pages 44 63 Pipe coating in good condition is shown as very little loss of current Pipe coating in poor condition is shown as a rapid loss of in current Mixture of good and poor coating which is shown as greater current loss over the section o
104. to map with the use of the PCM receiver and transmitter Start the data capture procedure and make the Radiodetection Locator the current input source from the EXTernal sensor menu The next step is to start recording the position of the pipe or cable in the TSC as a line feature Then within the positions of the line depth readings would be nested Nesting is a Trimble term referring to recording one bit of information within another and is accessed with the Nest Before starting to capture the nested feature users will likely want to Pause the gathering of the line feature to avoid having many extra points there that will clutter up the display After pushing the Nest button a menu comes up with features that can be nested and we wish to choose the point feature we created in the data dictionary and likely called Depth An input line appears with the default value of the utility that we defined in the TDD as 0 The O is a default so that any readings accidentally accepted with the default value will show up as obviously incorrect data After a successful PCM reading has been taken when the Check data accept key is pressed the default value is replaced with the value the PCM locator reports If multiple depth readings are sent in only the last one is recorded Any other attributes of the point should also then be recorded The user must finally press Enter on the TSC to accept the data Users should also remember to Pause the lin
105. tric measurement If the receiver is in the Imperial mode of measurement the depth will be reported as follows The parameters will be in the form l 00 0 15 0 This represents feet to the left of the decimal point and inches to the right The inches are displayed up to 9 If the number of inches is greater than 9 the feet are incremented by one and the inches set to zero The I preceding the number denotes imperial measurement xi The Current Current is displayed with either mA or dB microamps scaling as set by the receiver s LCD set up xii The CD current direction PCM Version CT only The current direction will only be displayed if the CD button has been pressed and a result obtained The current direction will be one of the following fd Forward bk Backward no No current direction xiii The Fault direction The Fault find direction is displayed in the same way as CD fd Forward bk Backward no No current direction xiv Fault Find Current Fault find current is displayed in dB microvolts xv 4 Hz PCM Current Current is displayed with either mA or dB scaling as set by the receiver s LCD set up xvi 4 Hz Current Direction The 4Hz current direction will be one of the following fd Forward bk Backward no No current direction Page 70 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 Examples of Parameters F02 format Four different outputs can be provided by the PCM when using DCE
106. up Current Measurement units will be either in mA or dB depending on the receiver LCD set up To change PCM receiver LCD setup see section 10 page 37 In each case the end of line is followed by carriage return CR and line feed LF Format for PCM F04 Use with PCM software versions 5 03 onwards Production after July 2001 The F04 format provides the most useful transmitted data and this system is the preferred method for POM data The standard format of the string is as follows F04 Line number Mode type Frequency gain signal mode response Depth unit Depth Current unit mA Current mA Current unit dB Current dB CD current direction Fault direction 4Hz Current unit mA 4Hz Current mA 4Hz Current unit dB or Fault unit dB 4Hz Current dB or Fault Voltage dB 4Hz Current direction CR LF Page 71 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 13 The data string will consist of the Format Reference F04 followed by the data information i A line number The line number will be a number in the zero to 9999 range i e 0000 9999 The line number will begin at 0000 at switch on ii The type of Mode The type of Mode will be one of the following ASCII strings denoting the type of mode currently in operation ACTIVE CD PCM FF PASSIVE POWER iii The currently selected frequency The frequency will consist of a number that represents the operating frequency in Hz In Power Radio and Passive modes the frequency will b
107. utput Option Combine and output to Export folder GIS Coordinate System Site System United Kingdom Zone OS National Grid OSTN97 Datum Ordnance Survey Coordinate Units Meters New Delete Properties 2 Click on the Properties button and choose the settings shown in each of the following windows First the Data Tab Export Setup Properties Sample Configurable ASCII Setup X Position Filter Coordinate System Configurable ASCII Data Output Attributes Units Esport All Features Include Not In Feature Positions One point per Not in Feature position Positions Only Create Point Features From Notes Velocity Records IV Sensor Records Starting Feature ID X M Start Each Session with this Value lue 1 3e C Continue Increment from Previous Session Cancel Default Help Page 87 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Appendix 1 3 Then the Output Tab Export Setup Properties Sample Configurable ASCII Setup xi Position Fiter Coordinate System Configurable ASCII Data Output Attributes Units Output Files Combine all input files and output to the project export folder Combine all input files and output to an Auto generated subfolder C For Each input file create output file s of the same name For each input file create output Subfalder s of t
108. verse 87 10 4 Page 49 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 17 28 16 Depth Loss cm mB m Blue Pie t Colored Lines li Column Area Ik Columns with Depth amp Cones Floating Bars Line Column Line Column on 2 Axes box Page 50 3 Click on Custom Types from the menu tab scroll down the chart types and click on lines on 2 axes for dBmA and Depth or line column on 2 axes for dBmA and Current Loss Rate Click on Next 4 This shows Chart Wizard steps 2 of 4 Do not enter anything in the Data range 5 Click on Series in Menu Tabs Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Section 12 6 Click on Add Series box will display Series 1 and Blank Graph will appear 7 Series 1 will be replaced when you click in the Name box and type in Current dBmA 8 In the Category X axis labels Click on the small red arrow the box will change into a long rectangular box Chart Wizard step 2 of 4 Chart so PCM Receiver Patalog Upload File September 99 17 28 16 Log Distance 4Hz 4Hz Direction Depth Loss Number fea dBmA em mB metre 2 x Sheet1 8 7 8 79 1 283 3 49 35 Undefined 66 0 2 21 2735 40 74 Reverse BY Ma 50 265 46 46 Reverse 63 11 2 0
109. wed by a list of all the coordinates again These can easily be deleted Note If you do not need to reference the positions of the measuring points in real time you do not need to create them When you send the data from the PCM foot the Asset Surveyor software actually takes a position automatically when it receives each measurement Then when you export data from the Pathfinder Office software you will have only the coordinates and the measurement data i e not a repeat of the coordinates afterwards However in this case there would be no way to navigate back to points in the field unless you create one The advantage with this though is that whenever you send data from the foot you will always get a position even if you forget to go into a measuring point feature This results in always having data at the correct point Importing Data into Excel When you import data into Excel you will have columns representing the North and East coordinates for each measurement followed by all the Attributes being the PCM datastream in F04 format Below these will be a second list of the same coordinates in real time These can be deleted if not required for navigating back to the points in the field To Do 1 Snaps ofinitial DD creation 2 iron out the format issues 3 Illustrate the final data 4 Show how it s graphed in Excel Page 91 Pipeline Current Mapper User Guide Radiodetection Ltd Western Drive Bristol BS14 OAZ UK

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