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1. Changes Time scale How the software measures vibration for balancing The following image illustrates how the software measures vibration amplitude and phase Vibration amplitude is typically measured by channel 1 in the oscilloscope software An imbalance appears as a sinusoidal waveform A marker is applied to the rotor such as a white line or a reflective strip As the marker passes the IR Sensor a pulse is registered This pulse refers to a zero degree reference position on the rotor The pulse Is typically measured by channel 2 in the oscilloscope software The time difference between the reference pulse and the sinusoidal waveform Is referred to as the phase shift Phase shift usually measured in degrees of rotation Note Sometimes a perfect waveform cannot be achieved due to external noise from bearings or loose mechanical connections Vortex can filter such noise by switching on the filter and adjusting the filter dial on the front panel until a suitable waveform is obtained Once the filter has been set do not change for the remainder of the balancing operation Additional filtering can be achieved using the DynexHobby software 11 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 IR Detector 12 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 DynexHobby Vibration Meter Applications Dynex Hobby provides easy to use vibration meters The meter was designed to interface directly with the Vortex unit For simple balancing operations the vibratio2. STEP 3 Trial Unbalance 2 v Place atrial weight at the 120 degree position Example 0 29 gram at 23mm from axis of rotation v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 192 4mV Peak to Peak Enter this value in the 4 Point Analysis Tool O N9 OD JI 30 Page Copyright DynexHobby 5 J DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Vibration Signal Settings Channels K Channel2 A p s ENEE HNEVU Z o Tracking Filter 0 400 600 800 Samples M Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz 10000000 Channels Channeli 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 04 2 HO OE O ar E 0 000 0 050 0 100 0 150 0 200 0 250 0 300 kHz Dynex Hobby 4 Point Balance Tage Raia M Place the tnal weight at the 120 degree position Run the om device at the target freguency Record the vibration level LERLE O 29 gram or oz and enter the value below Radial Location mm or in Trial unbalance at 120 degrees Blue Amplitude of vibration 192 4 mV Step 4 Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 Intro s lt Modify STEP 4 Trial Unbalance 3 v Place atrial weight at the 240 degree position Example 0 29 gram at 23mm from axis of rotation v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 381 6mV Peak to Peak Enter this value in the 4 Point Analysis Tool o Ha JI D EN EN Le C AN a Wr i AN de r VI M W LI a A 31 Page
3. INSTALLING THE ACCELEROMTER Install the accelerometer on the rotor suspension system It is best to install it in a horizontal position The accelerometer can be positioned at any angle as desired however the full scale deflection can be limited The side that has the yellow label is positioned downward and glued to the device under test Experiments have shown that attaching the accelerometer using Blu tack Is adequate Pa Accl Sensor Direction CAUTION 1 Secure any loose cables to the device using Blu tack or tape This will prevent cables from getting caught in the spinning rotor and reduces mechanical noise during testing 2 Do not install any part of Vortex to moving or rotating parts 8 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 CALIBRATING THE ACCELEROMTER If you have the latest version of Vortex ignore this section The latest version of the hardware is self calibrating However if you have the older version calibration can be performed as follows To calibrate Vortex for the accelerometer location follow the steps below Connect accelerometer to Vortex ACCI port Install accelerometer on test article Power on Vortex Do not spin rotor Attach a multimeter to the pins illustrated below Turn the calibrate dial using a flat blade screw driver until the multimeter reads zero 10mV Is fine 5 The Vortex is now calibrated and ready for use S 7 es 9 Page Copyright D
4. Copyright DynexHobby Se DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Vibration Signal Settings Channels K Channel2 2 Vibration o OZUSNEENOV 5 Tracking Filter 0 400 600 Samples M Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz 10000000 Channels Channeli 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 0 Control START 0 000 0 050 0 100 0 150 0 200 0 250 0 300 kHz Dynex Hobby 4 Point Balance pom Place the trial weight at the 240 degree position Run the Trial Weight gram or 02 device at the target frequency Record the vibration level 40 and enter the value below Radial Location mm or in Trial unbalance at 240 degrees Orange Amplitude of vibration 387 6 mV Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 Intro STEP 5 Determine Reguired Balance weight v Enter coordinates to position the black marker at the location where the red blue and orange circles intersect v Required balance weight is read direct from the 4 Point Analysis Tool Example apply 0 262 gram at the 70 degree position located 23mm from axis of rotation 32 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Dynex Hobby 4 Point Balance Tage egen 8 Click on the Solve button Read the balance solution vil Vila 029 Apply the balance solution to the device and re un The Trial Weight 0 29 k vibration level should reduce when balanced correctly Radial Location mm orin Note To remove weight subtract the balance weight 180 degrees opposite the final b
5. Filter to off Turn filter dial counter clockwise until it stops STEP 1 Measuring v Start rotor and run at constant speed v Switch oscilloscope software to frequency analysis v Click on the peak hold option to start recording data A Soundcard Oszilloscope x Oscilloscope X Y Graph Euan Signalgenerator l Extras l Settings i Channel 1 SS mmm dB VJ auto scale 7 Peak hold Amplitude CH1 Amplitude CH2 El s KS a 10m 1 Div 10m GREG Ce 100m 1m s 100m CH Main RPM 2 S 100u 1 T l me sec 0 Sr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 00m 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2857 Satin Frequency Hz log Zoom D l gt main freguency 185 99 Hz Frequency at cursor position l 1 3122k Hz Total harmonic distortion 12 68 __ Filter in separate window High cut off frequency Cut off frequency The spectrum analysis holds vast amounts of data of the device under test The largest peak is normally the running speed of the rotor Sub tones are typically lower than the main peak These can be attributed to phenomena such as bearing noise loose mechanical connections aerodynamic and lubrication effects 41 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 VORTEX LIMITATIONS Introduction Vortex operates by converting vibration Into an electrical signal These signals are conditioned by onboard circuitry and sent to the PC soundcard A normal signal when filtered will look like the one bel
6. It is typically set to 1 and nomally doesnt require adjusting Radial Location mm or in Original Vibration no weights Amplitude of vibration 177 4 Circle Scale Factor 17 00 Step 4 Step 3 Step 2 Answer Modify STEP 2 Trial Unbalance 1 v Place atrial weight at the zero degree position Example 0 29 gram at zero degrees positioned 23mm from axis of rotation v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 255 2mV Peak to Peak Enter this value in the 4 Point Analysis Tool D N9 HP JUI Dona C r a AT bt e ka Dn vr pm ew LI a hh ll 29 Page Copyright DynexHobby s i DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter 0O Vibration Signal Settings Channels e ZS Channel2 A Tracking Filter 577 _ 0850 ae ali ll 0 400 600 800 Samples aj ji ai Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz Channels 10000000 Channel 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 014 5553 2 1173 Ar 0822 ali ees ak 0 000 0 050 0 100 0 150 0 200 0 250 0 300 kHz 8 Dynex Hobby 4 Point Balance Tage Fran Place the trial weight at the 0 degree position Run the Trial Weight gram or oz device at the target frequency Record the vibration level 40 and enter the value below e Radial Location mm or in Trial unbalance at 0 degrees Red Step 1 Intro Amplitude of vibration 255 2 mV Step 4 Step 3 gt s S z lt Modify
7. Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz Channels Channel1 b 2 Sample Rate 11025 v 0 100 0 200 kHz Dynex Hobby 2 Blade Balance Tre gic M Place the trial weight at the 0 degree position Run the Tnal Weight gram or 0z device at the target freguency Record the vibration level and enter the value below Radial Location mm orin Trial unbalance at 0 degrees Red Amplitude of vibration 42 72 mV STEP 3 Trial Unbalance 2 v v D oa one e Cnnvy r i N Nu nn age Copyright Dyn Place a trial weight at the 180 degree position Example 0 03 gram at 70mm from axis of rotation Run device at test speed Example 65Hz Record vibration amplitude Example 150 5mV Enter this value in the 2 Blade Propeller Balance Tool J1 tL CN K gt VI g a 1 La Hobby 2015 J DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Settings Channels P Channel i PHASE Tracking Filter Vibration Signal 0 200 400 600 800 KC ee att at Auto Filter Samples 10 Hz Frequency Analysis Channels M Channel SA Sample Rate 30000000 E 11025 d 20000000 a 10000000 EE O O OOONN U O OE 0 000 0 100 0 200 0 300 kHz Dynex Hobby 2 Blade Balance Target Frequency KON Hz Place the trial weight at the 180 degree position Run the Trial Weight device at the target freguency Record the vibration level and enter the value below Radial Location Waa Trial unbalance at 180 degrees B
8. activity related to your account including negligent or wrongful conduct by you or any other person accessing the site using your Internet account THIRD PARTY LINKS In an attempt to provide increased value to our visitors DynexHobby com may link to sites operated by third parties However even if the third party is affiliated with DynexHobby com DynexHobby com has no control over these linked sites all of which have separate privacy and data collection practices independent of DynexHobby com These linked sites are only for your convenience and therefore you access them at your own risk Nonetheless DynexHobby com seeks to protect the integrity of its web site and the links placed upon it and therefore requests any feedback on not only its own site but for sites it links to as well including if a specific link does not work RETURNS When you using our website and in a case of returned goods you have to wrap it and pack it the best as possible and you will held the responsibility of the package condition when it arrives back to us We will NOT accept broken goods returned that was broken while the shipment or new item returns in a bad condition We may apply 20 restocking fee for returned goods 46 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015
9. responsibility including proper use of equipment and safety gear and determining whether you have adequate skill and experience Improper use of modeling gear is dangerous unless used properly and with adequate precautions including safety gear Some illustrative photos do not depict safety precautions or equipment in order to show operating instructions more clearly These products are not intended for use by children These products are intended for radio control model applications and should never be used on industrial equipment Use of our products and content on DynexHobby com Is at your own risk It is your responsibility to make sure that your activities comply with applicable laws including copyright The United States Fire Administration USFA has a guide and many simple steps you can take to prevent the loss of life and property resulting from electrical fires 1 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 VORTEX SYSTEM OVERVIEW Introduction Vortex Is a combined dynamic balancer and vibration analyzer for hobbyist It is capable of balancing rotors and shaft assemblies to reduce wear and improve performance The vortex system can operate as a stand alone device or it can be connected to a PC for advanced analysis This manual outlines the Vortex system and leads the operator through examples on its application The Vortex system consists of the following parts The analyzer or black box is the central processing unit It collects
10. running speed reduces the disturbance caused by the noise harmonics bearings and blade frequencies The unbalance is radial in their line of action and It is a vector quantity A vector has both magnitude and direction The direction can be characterized by the phase between the unbalance vector from the center of the shaft and a vector to the reference point at the shaft from the center of the shaft Static Unbalance The general dynamic unbalance consists of the static single plane unbalance This is when the mass center line is parallel and not coincidental with the rotational axis This kind of balance exists in disk shape structures It can be eliminated by a compensating weight This method Is appropriate for balancing ducted fan units wheels or any disc shaped rotors Right Plane of Rotation Weight A i p ca T oo Weight B l Left Plane of Rotation Coupled Unbalance The other type of unbalance is when a pair of weights are at two ends of the shaft but on opposite sides to each other 180 The rotor is in static balance but the centrifugal forces will produce a moment about the center of mass when the rotor turns In this case only a couple unbalance exists The mass center line crosses the shaft axes at the center of gravity 17 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Right Plane of Rotation Weight A U a M Weight B Left Plane U of Rotation The couple unbalance can be comp
11. BALANCE METHOD Single Plane MIT NU EE ea flywheels 2 Blade Used for 2 blade propellors 4Point Used for 3 6 or 9 blade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywheels Used to fine tune flyweels motors wheels and spinners When to use this method Generally can be used on most items When you want precise balancing with minimal residual balance Other methods do not provide adequate results Fine tuning results Limitations Setup v SS S S Excessive vibration beyond Vortex limits Setup and secure propeller and motor mount to test stand Attach accelerometer onto motor mount in direction of maximum vibration Ensure accelerometer Is calibrated for mounting location Connect Vortex to PC Determine running speed that produces a nice sine wave on the oscilloscope display away from system natural frequency STEP 1 Trial Unbalance v v v v v Place a trial weight at the zero degree position Example 0 2 gram at zero degrees positioned 23mm from axis of rotation Run device at test speed Example 65Hz Record vibration amplitude Example 10 5mV Enter this value in the Clock Balance Tool Repeat Step 2 for all positions around the clock The tool will display a linear map of the vibration amplitude as well as a polar map This will help the user visualize the position of the residual mass 39 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Dynex Hobby Clock Method gt z m Add the trial weight
12. Calculator o TIP A calculator has been provided in the Vortex Analysis Tool Simply Phase Type enter the time between the peaks of Reference Pulse Width ms Ol Lead the reference pulse in the first cell nn Pel M The second cell has the time ar a Wie m bien between the first refence pulse and the first sine wave peak The phase is calculated automatically between the two signals Vibration m Clear 24 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 aad Soundcard Oszilloscope Ee x Oscilloscope X Y Graph Frequency Signalgenerator Extras Settings 77 Channel 1 left 75m perDiy men Channel 2 right 250m perDiy Amplitude CH1 __ Amplitude CH2 1 Div 10m ite im 400m im 00m J J i 100u 1 100u 1 1 Sync 75m 250m A Tri Time sec 9997 A 175 0mV 100m v VA Auto vl 10m 1 Channel 1 d 4 1m 10 Edge j Om a Threshold _ Run Stop 0 0 d5 RT eae TE ETO VET ear weno a Senor noes ee OTTO OE EES 0 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m Time sec Grid v o Channel Mode Measure NE je lt Creme Ce Cent STEP 2 Trial Unbalance v Place atrial weight at the zero degree position Example 0 29 gram at zero degrees positioned 23mm from axis of rotation v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 245 5mV Peak to Peak Enter this value in Vortex Analysis Tool v Measure phase shift Example 192 7 degrees from start of
13. VORTEX DYNAMIC BALANCER AND VIBRATION ANALYSER USER MANUAL V3 0 DYNEX HOBBY This manual and a proportion of its content is copyright of Dynex Hobby 2015 All rights reserved SAFETY FIRST High speed rotors contain enough energy to cause damage to people and property Manufacturer s safety precautions MUST be adhered to during testing and operation of devices Safety goggles must be worn during testing and operation of devices High speed rotors can expel high velocity debris during an adverse event WARNING v Never stand in front of or alongside a spinning rotor Stand behind at a safe distance v Ensure bystanders are well away from the test article at a safe distance v NEVER run a rotor at full speed when balancing M ounting cradles are not designed to restrain running devices at operational speeds Run devices at the slowest possible speeds to avoid injury Do not leave loose items nearby that can be caught by a spinning rotor Secure all loose cables to prevent being caught in moving parts Always stop running devices before working on them Never place a limb in front of a rotor to stop it or slow it down Fasten devices in secure mounts when operating at full soeed Follow the manufacturer s instructions for correct device operation Strobe light may cause seizures v Vortex was not designed for full size vehicles or industrial applications LN NN S 6 S Before you begin Your safety Is your own
14. aims all warranties express or implied including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and non infringement DynexHobby com does not represent or warrant that the functions contained in the site will be uninterrupted or error free that the defects will be corrected or that this site or the server that makes the site available are free of viruses or other harmful components DynexHobby com does not make any warrantees or representations regarding the use of the materials in this site in terms of their correctness accuracy adequacy usefulness timeliness reliability or otherwise Some states do not permit limitations or exclusions on warranties so the above limitations may not apply to you DEFECTIVE MERCHANDISE All defective merchandise from DynexHobby com must be returned directly to us An email must be sent to us informing us of defective items All defective products can be returned for exchange under the following conditions Merchandise must be returned in its original package within 30 days from the date of purchase Do not write on the package We will not exchange or refund any product with the product package having defective or anything else written on it Returned items must be in resale condition with the original packing material unopened with all shipped items included LIMITATION OF LIABILITY DynexHobby com products are not toys nor intended to be used with a toy All sa
15. alance can be calculated Limitations e Excessive vibration beyond Vortex capabilities e Extreme levels of coupled unbalance Note this example uses the Scope software to illustrate vibration measurement The Dynex advanced vibration meter can be used in the same way Setup v Setup device in mounting frame Ensure adequate spring and dampening Is set Ensure accelerometer Is calibrated for mounting location Connect Vortex to PC Determine running speed that produces a nice sine wave on the oscilloscope display S S S S STEP 1 Original Vibration no weights v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 175 8mV Peak to Peak Enter this value in Vortex Analysis Tool v Note Do not change gain setting between test runs 23 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 v Measure phase shift Example 265 8 degrees from start of reference pulse to first peak of sine wave Enter this value in Vortex Analysis Tool R Dynex Hobby Single Plane Analysis SEN Units Setup the rotor for test Do not attach any weights to the O Metric rotor at this time Run the rotor at the target freguency imperial Measure the vibration and phase angle Allow the readings to stabilise before recording measurements Enter the results below Spin Direction Original Vibration no weights Clockwise Stop 3 Sto 2 r Amplitude of vibration 175 8 O Anti clockwise Phase angle 265 8 Answer 3 Dynex Hobby Phase
16. alance solution Balance Solution Correction weight required 0 262 gram or oz Phase angle 70 0 deg c EH z Nn N lt E N m GC c Nn STEP 6 Check final balance v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 50 37mV Peak to Peak This means the final imbalance is 340 better than the original imbalance 512 6m 33 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 2 BLADE PROPELLER BALANCE Used for multiblade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywheels Used for 2 blade propellors 4 Point Used for 3 6 or 9 blade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywheels Used to fine tune flyweels motors wheels and spinners When to use this method e Generally can be used on most 2 blade propellers e When you want precise balancing with minimal residual balance e Other methods do not provide adequate results Limitations e Excessive vibration beyond Vortex limits Setup v Setup and secure propeller and motor mount to test stand Attach accelerometer onto motor mount in direction of maximum vibration Ensure accelerometer Is calibrated for mounting location Connect Vortex to PC Determine running speed that produces a nice sine wave on the oscilloscope display away from system natural frequency SS S S STEP 1 Original Vibration No weights v Run device at test speed Example 65Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 75 36mV Note the va
17. and analyses vibration signals for dynamic balancing and spectrum analysis Vortex is connected to a PC via the microphone port using a 3 5mm stereo cable The system includes an accelerometer for measuring the acceleration levels of vibration An infra red detector and strobe light is also supplied for synchronizing the location of corrective weights required for balancing Vortex Analyzer P a S BW 15 3 5mm Stereo Cable Accelerometer IR Sensor Strobe Light 2 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 SPECIFICATIONS Ouantity e 9 12 VDC power supply e Anodized aluminum case Dimensions outer 24mm 0 94 H x66mm 2 6 W x110mm 4 33 L IR Detector Dimensions 0 3 x 0 5 x 0 1 Operating voltage 5 0V Supply current 25mA Output format analog voltage Optimal sensing distance 0 125 3 mm Maximum recommended sensing distance 0 25 6 mm Range 3g Sensitivity 300 mV g Small low profile package 1 8 V to 3 6 V operating range 10 000g shock survival Excellent temperature stability Output Type Analog Typical Bandwidth kHz o 1 5kHz without capacitor o 50 Hz with capacitor installed Noise Density ug rtHz 300 STROBE LIGHT e Intensity 25000 35000 M CD e Viewing angle 25 degrees Accelerometer ACC1 3 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 VORTEX FEATURES Calibrate Strobe Filter On PC Transmit M ode select Item Function On Light illuminates when power is applied to Vortex PC Tra
18. cluded in this site including but not limited to text graphics or code is copyrighted as a collective work under copyright laws and is the property of DynexHobby com The collective work includes works that are licensed to DynexHobby com Copyright 2012 DynexHobby com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Permission is granted to electronically copy and print hard copy portions of this site for the sole purpose of placing an order with DynexHobby com or purchasing DynexHobby com products You may display and subject to any expressly stated restrictions or limitations relating to specific material download or print portions of the material from the different areas of the site solely for your own non commercial use or to place an order with DynexHobby com or to purchase DynexHobby com products Any other use including but not limited to the reproduction distribution display or transmission of the content of this site is strictly prohibited unless authorized by DynexHobby com You further agree not to change or delete any proprietary notices from materials downloaded from the site TRADEMARKS All trademarks service marks and trade names of DynexHobby com used in the site are trademarks or registered trademarks of DynexHobby com WARRANTY DISCLAIMER This site and the materials and products on this site are provided as is and without warranties of any kind whether express or implied To the fullest extent permissible pursuant to applicable law DynexHobby com discl
19. ecord vibration data No filtering Is available with the basic meter The follow describes the functions of the meter Frequency Rotor running speed based on IR sensor Sampling period of vibration signal Phase angle between Phase vibration and IR sensor Vibration level Vibration Level Start Pause Time Time Sound card button allows the operator to set the sampling rate of the vibration signal Start and Stop buttons will start recording data and also pause the on screen readings 15 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Time and Time buttons will decrease on increase the sampling period of the vibration signal Vibration level bar graph will indicate if the vibration level exceeds the operational limits of the Vortex unit lo Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 BASIC THEORY OF BALANCING Introduction Unbalanced rotors have relatively high force effects on bearings High levels of unbalance can cause vibration deformation power degradation friction and can degrade service life In the case of a rotating shaft the unbalance causes periodical forces to the suspension system which corresponds to the rotational speed In other words it is synchronous with rotational speed first order In order to balance the rotor the correct running speed should be selected in the balancing instrument The test speed is usually much lower than the operational speed for safety reasons The correct
20. ensated by two weights which are positioned to counteract the couple unbalance at two planes The ideal balancing task is to reduce the inhomogeneous mass distribution caused forces by adding or removing weights along the shaft Suspension System mounting cradle The suspension system or the mounting cradle is crucial for balancing The cradle allows the rotor system to oscillate back and forth near its natural state The oscillation is important for Vortex to sense vibration and analyze the imbalance Note M ounting cradles are not supplied by Dynex Hobby Cradles can easily be made from components supplied by your local hardware or electronics store Each suspension system has a natural mode of vibration or natural frequency If tests are conducted at the natural frequency a specified RPM that cause s natural vibration of the system then the balancing results will be difficult to achieve ra Leg k Bae SOFT BEARING PHASE ANGLE 5 Fi NATURAL FREQUENCY w J z h LY z lt SOFT BEARING 90 H 3 el ji Z A AMPLITUDE a T I a fi 2 O o RPM mo 8 P NATURAL FREQUENCY d u r PHASE Z x HARD BEARING 90 S RPM e To avoid this the following recommendations should be considered 18 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 e Run balancing at speeds above or below the natural frequency This would be In a region where phase angle and amplitude are flat in the charts above e S
21. fety precautions recommended by manufacturers M UST be adhered to DynexHobby com shall not be liable for any special or consequential damages that result from the use of or the inability to use the materials on this site or the performance of the products even if DynexHobby com has been advised of the possibility of such damages Applicable law may not allow the limitation of exclusion of liability or incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS In the event that a DynexHobby com product is mistakenly listed at an incorrect price DynexHobby com reserves the right to refuse or cancel any orders placed for product listed at the incorrect price DynexHobby com reserves the right to refuse or cancel any such orders whether or not the order has been confirmed and your credit card charged If your credit card has already been charged for the purchase and your order is cancelled DynexHobby com shall issue a credit to your credit card account in the amount of the incorrect price TERM TERMINATION These terms and conditions are applicable to you upon your accessing the site and or completing the registration or shopping process These terms and conditions or any part of them may be terminated by DynexHobby com without notice at any time for any reason The provisions relating to Copyrights Trademark Disclaimer Limitation of Liability Indemnification and Miscellaneous shall surv
22. ive any termination NOTICE DynexHobby com may deliver notice to you by means of e mail a general notice on the site or by other reliable method to the address you have provided to DynexHobby com 45 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 PARTICIPATION DISCLAIMER DynexHobby com does not and cannot review all communications and materials posted to or created by users accessing the site and is not in any manner responsible for the content of these communications and materials You acknowledge that by providing you with the ability to view and distribute user generated content on the site DynexHobby com is merely acting as a passive conduit for such distribution and is not undertaking any obligation or liability relating to any contents or activities on the site However DynexHobby com reserves the right to block or remove communications or materials that it determines to be a abusive defamatory or obscene b fraudulent deceptive or misleading c in violation of a copyright trademark or other intellectual property right of another or d offensive or otherwise unacceptable to DynexHobby com in its sole discretion INDEMNIFICATION You agree to indemnify defend and hold harmless DynexHobby com its employees agents licensors and suppliers collectively the Service Providers from and against all losses expenses damages and costs including reasonable attorneys fees resulting from any violation of these terms and conditions or any
23. ls Used to fine tune flyweels motors wheels and spinners a When to use this method e Generally can be used on most occaslons e When you want precise balancing with minimal residual balance e Nonlinear conditions exist e Other methods do not provide adequate results Limitations e Excessive vibration beyond Vortex limits Setup v Setup device in mounting frame Ensure adequate spring and dampening Is set Ensure accelerometer is calibrated for mounting location Connect Vortex to PC Determine running speed that produces a nice sine wave on the oscilloscope display SS S S STEP 1 Original Vibration No weights v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 171 4mV Peak to Peak Enter this value in the 4 Point Analysis Tool v Note Do not change gain setting between test runs 28 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 a DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Vibration Signal Settings Channels TY Garen P Channel2 A r Tracking Filter 400 600 800 Samples RT ME Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz Channels 10000000 Channel 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 01 FO I O E 0 000 0 050 0 100 0 150 0 200 0 250 0 300 kHz 8 Dynex Hobby 4 Point Balance Tae Feeney Run the device at the target frequency Record the Trial Weight gram or 02 vibration level and enter the value below The scale factor indicated is only used to modify the solution
24. lue Step 2 Step 1 Intro Amplitude of vibration 150 5 mV STEP 4 Determine Required Balance weight v Required balance weight is read direct from the 2 Blade Propeller Balance Tool Example apply 0 042 gram at the 0 degree position located 70mm from axis of rotation 37 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 a Dynex Hobby 2 Blade Balance Tat Fens Click on the Solve button Read the balance solution Trial Weight gram or oz Apply the balance solution to the device and re un The vibration level should reduce when balanced correctly Radial Location _ Note To remove weight subtract the balance weight 180 degrees opposite the final balance solution Balance Solution Correction weight required 0 042 gram or oz Phase ange 0 0 deg STEP 5 Check final balance v Run device at test speed Example 65Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 35mV This means the final imbalance is 214 better than the original imbalance With more effort the imbalance can be reduced much further by altering the balance weight a DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Vibration Signal Settings Channels e P SEIN 2 Channel2 A Tracking filter Vibration 400 600 800 r Samples 750 i Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz Channels 30000000 Channel A Sample Rate 11025 d 20000000 e 10000000 0 100 0 200 kHz JI Copyright DynexHo J hh 0 ona P CLOCK
25. lue read from the software has been scaled up by 1000 for ease of entry v Enter this value in the 2 Blade Propeller Balance Tool v Note Do not change gain setting on the Vortex between test runs 34 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 i DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter 0O Vibration Signal Settings Channels a ZS Channel2 A Tracking filter U a Coo O vl 0 400 600 300 Samples 15 3t i Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz Channels 30000000 Channel WW Sample Rate 11025 d 20000000 10000000 0 000 0 100 0 200 kHz 8 Dynex Hobby 2 Blade Balance Ta Fog a Run the device at the target frequency Record the Trial Weight gram or oz vibration level and enter the value below Radial Location mm or in Original Vibration no weights Amplitude of vibration 75 36 STEP 2 Trial Unbalance 1 v Place atrial weight at the zero degree position Example 0 03 gram at zero degrees positioned 70mm from axis of rotation v Run device at test speed Example 65Hz v Record vibration amplitude Example 42 72mV Enter this value in the 2 Blade Propeller Balance Tool D N9 HP JUI DANA Onnur i nh Daun ra e V LJ A A 35 Page Copyright DynexHobby s 0 30000000 20000000 10000000 Stop 1 Intro DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Vibration Signal Settings Channels P Channel2 A p s S a Z o Tracking Filter 200 400 600 800 Samples M Auto
26. n meter can substitute for the scope software There are two vibration meters available an advanced meter and a basic meter which includes phase measurement Advanced Vib Meter Used to measure vibration magnitude Includes advanced signal filtering May take some time to load Basic Phase Meter Used to measure vibration magnitude and phase data 13 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 DynexHobby Advanced Vibration Meter Application The advanced meter has most features that you would see in an oscilloscope The meter allows the user to visualize the imbalance and IR signals in real time as well as display the frequencies of the imbalance The advanced meter is a powerful tool for analyzing vibrations It provides advanced signal filtering to isolate the imbalance signal from noise Vibration ae all Imbalance and IR magnitude signal display adjustment Vibration Signal m Settings ger 3 Channel 1 007 d 800 Channel 2 900 i i Channels Channeli Channel 000 PHASE Tracking Filter 100 e kz Vibration 400 600 Samples M Auto Filter Frequency Analysis 10 Hz Channels 1000000 Channel 750000 500000 250000 D JN ee ry la S TT alas A al 100 150 200 250 300 3 50 High Frequency cuts frequencies for Channel 1 above the value entered into the text box Low Frequency cuts frequencies for Channel 1 below the value entered into the text box Calib
27. ne Analysis 2 42 Units Setup the rotor for test Run the rotor at the target O Metric frequency imperial Measure the vibration and phase angle Allow the readings to stabilise before recording measurements Enter the results below Spin Direction Vibration after adding trial weight Clockwise Step 2 Stop 4 Intro Amplitude of vibration 245 5 mV O Anti clockwise Phase angle 192 67 deg S 2 lt 26 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Units Enter the radial position where you wish to place the O Metric final balance weight This can be different to where the distance trial weight was placed in previous run Click on solve MU to obtain the final balance solution Read the balance solution Apply the balance solution to Angular the device and re run The vibration level should reduce Spin Direction A gt when balanced correctly position Clockwise Note To remove weight subtract the balance weight O Mnti clockwise 180 degrees opposite the final balance solution Balance Solution Red Marker Answer Step 3 Stop 2 Stop 1 Intro Radial position of weight 23 mm Correction weight required 0 198 Phase angle 66 27 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 FOUR POINT DYNAMIC BALANCE Used for multiblade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywheels Used for 2 blade propellors EE 4Point Used for 3 6 or 9 blade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywhee
28. nsmit Light illuminates when Vortex transmits data to PC Activated by mode button Strobe Light illuminates when Vortex is in Strobe Mode Activated by mode button Mode Select Press to active PC or Strobe modes When pressed the button remains locked Press again to unlock mode Trigger Rotate right to increase strobe sensitivity Rotate left to decrease sensitivity Rotate left to increase accelerometer sensitivity Rotate right to decrease sensitivity Note Do not change gain setting between test runs Filter Rotate right to increase signal filtering Rotate left to decrease filtering 4 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Filter Switch PC Connector POWer Polarity External Devices Item Function Power DC power supply Recommended supply of 9 12 VDC Center pin is PC Stereo cable socket This connects to PC sound card at microphone input Connector Filter switch Turn signal filtering on or off STR Connection for LED Strobe Light IR Connection for infra red reference detector CAL Connection for accelerometer calibration ACC1 Connection for accelerometer ACC1 For accelerometers that use 3V power supplies ACCI Is supplied in the standard kit ACC2 Connection for accelerometer ACC2 For accelerometers that use 5V power supplies This port currently not used Polarity Black wire of connector always faces downward 5 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 CONNECTING VORTEX The diagram bel
29. oft suspension construction to provide a low resonance frequency e Allow the cradle to rock smoothly using frictionless supports Teflon bearings or magnetic supports are ideal e Provide additional damping to reduce overshoot of the cradle Foam rubber works well e Mechanically isolate the suspension system from the bench This can be achieved by using a rubber mat Determining the Suspension System Natural Frequency The following is a simple method for identifying the suspension system natural frequency v Mount rotor in cradle v Run motor incrementally from the lowest possible RPM to the highest safest speed Please ensure safety when operating the rotor and follow manufacturer s instructions Protective gear is recommended v Bot the vibration amplitude and phase angle with incremental RPM v The natural frequency is identified by the peak in the vibration amplitude A sample of the Vortex suspension system Is shown below The Ideal running speed would be above 40Hz A running speed of 60Hz would provide better results 300 260 7 ee POP ewe Vibration Amplitude mV Phase Shift degree s 19 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Method of Balancing The Vortex system uses a traditional approach used in industry to balancing The following Outlines the process l 6 Run the rotor at constant RPM Note that the rotor speed should be kept the same during all tests Determine the original unbalance of the rot
30. onto the device at the 0 degree position Run the device at the target speed Record vibration amplitude and enter value in Vibration 0 deg Repeat Radial Location process for all other positions around the clock mm or in Vibration 0 deg 10 5 Vibration 45 deg 8 8 Vibration 90 deg 8 3 Vibration 135deg 9 1 Vibration 180 deg 10 5 Vibration 225 deg 11 6 Vibration 270 deg 11 8 Vibration 315 deg 11 5 B Dynex Hobby Clock Method E Vibration around the clock Trial weight gram oz Radial Location gen Step 1 Intro Answer 99 1 199 1 299 1 Phase Position deg Vibration around the clock Polar STEP 2 Determine Required Balance weight v Required balance weight is read direct from the Clock Balance Tool Example apply 0 035 gram at the 82 8 degree position located 23mm from axis of rotation The position is shown on the chart at the right hand side of the window 40 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 VIBRATION SPECTRUM ANALYSIS Introduction Vortex is capable of analyzing signals in real time This can easily be performed using oscilloscope software equipped with this feature Soectrum analysis is typically used as a fault finding tool when determining the source of unusual vibration v Setup device in mounting frame Ensure adequate spring and dampening Is set Ensure accelerometer is calibrated for mounting location Remove filter capacitor Connect Vortex to PC Switch
31. or This can be measured as a voltage acceleration velocity or displacement Vortex uses voltage Apply a trial weight and the unbalance is recorded again This step is important as it creates a shift in the unbalance location Dynamic balancers use this information to learn about the behavior of the system in order to correct for it Determine the correction weight required and position After the correction weight is applied the unbalance is again measured The unbalance remaining after balancing is called residual unbalance If the residual unbalanced is unacceptable then the process is repeated The following methods are used by Vortex for balancing 1 Strobe M ethod 2 Single Plane Balance 3 4 4 Point Balance Method 2 Blade Propeller Balance 20 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 STROBE METHOD When to use this method e A simple balance without relying on a PC Limitations e Accuracy is adequate but limited by user ability e Sensitive to mounting system setup STEP 1 Setup v Setup device in mounting frame v Ensure adequate spring and dampening Is set v Ensure accelerometer is calibrated for mounting location STEP 2 Original Vibration No weights First Run v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz v Turn Vortex on and press mode button to enter into strobe mode The Vortex strobe light will flash twice This indicates that Vortex has entered into the learning circuit mode The learning circuit record
32. ow alel Oscilloscope X Y Graph Frequency Signalgenerator Extras Settings ad Soundcard Oszilloscope DYNEX w Amplitude CH1 Amplitude CH2 10m 1 Div 10m 1m f 100m im 100m 1 Ss 3 i Channel 1 left 10m Der Div w Channel 2 right 10m per Div Time sec 100m wae 10m s 4 d 2 im 10 J 500m Run Stop 200m 300m 400m 500m Time sec Grid l Paused press Run Stop to continue CH1 However when vibration levels exceed Vortex limits the onboard circuitry will clamp the signal down to safe operating limits This is designed to prevent damage to the PC soundcard When a vibration signal reaches the physical limits of Vortex the signal will appear distorted particularly at the signal peaks when viewed in the oscilloscope A sample of distortion is shown below Distortion may also appear as a square wave DER ad Soundcard Oszilloscope Wee DYNEX Amplitude CH1 Amplitude CH2 10m 1 Div 10m zi 2 a d x Time sec 100m Trigger k 10m Get y A we 2 im 10 Edge J 500m Threshold Run Stop J 0 01 4100m 1m 100m Auto si Channel 1 zi rising vy 2012 C Zeitnitz 1 41 si single S status v Oscilloscope X Y Graph Frequency Signalgenerator Extras Settings 7 Channel 1 left 45m per Div W Channel 2 right 45m per Div M l Paused z press Run Stop to con
33. ow illustrates the typical connections for the Vortex system STEREO CABLE Vortex communicates to a PC via 3 5mm stereo cable which Is connected to the microphone input of the PC sound card The stereo cable can be connected at any time however the cable must be connected when performing balancing or vibration spectrum analysis The cable is not required for the Strobe Balancing Method ACCELEROMETER M ust be connected to ACC1 Port ACC2 is not currently used ACC2 is reserved for future development of sensors Warning Do not connect the accelerometer to ACC2 as this could damage the sensor IR SENSOR M ust be connected to the IR port The IR Sensor is used during balancing only It is not required for the Strobe Balancing Method STROBE LIGHT Only required for the Strobe Balancing Method Common Ports on a Sound Card Game MIDI Rear port Microphone Digital output for DVD Front Line in speakers IR Detector Strobe Light POWERING VORTEX Vortex Is designed to be powered by a 9 12 V DC source 9VDC preferred Do not use a mains power pack as tests have shown some packs can induce noise in the system A battery such as a Lithium Polymer or Lithium lon is recommended as this creates a noise free power source Please follow manufacturer s instructions on proper handling of batteries 6 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 DC POWER PLUG CONNECTION Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015
34. ration Factor scales the magnitude It also allows the operator to calibrate the vibration readings with an external source Max Scale allows the operator to adjust the scale on the vibration meter Averaging averages the measurements taken across the sample size The larger the number the more averaging is performed A larger average helps stabilize the meter dial Sample Rate defines the sample rate of the signal Units are samples second Settings Box allows the operator to select the source of the audio device The audio device measures the vibration level from the Vortex 14 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Tracking Filter is an advanced feature that automatically filters for the imbalance signal by tracking the RPM It removes other sources of noise and displays the imbalance signal Start starts measuring and displaying the vibration signal Pause stops measuring and displaying the vibration signal DynexHobby Basic Phase Meter Application The phase meter automatically measures the phase angle between two signals To enable the basic phase meter click on Basic Phase M eter in the main menu A new window will appear Select the sound card or windows audio device and the sample rate The software will automatically detect the devices available on your PC Device Line 1 Virtual Audio Cable Sample Rate 48 kHz stereo 16 bit The vibration meter will appear and proceed to r
35. reference pulse to first peak of sine wave Enter this value in Vortex Analysis Tool iad Soundcard Oszilloscope Oscilloscope XY Graph Frequency Signalgenerator Extras Settings gt Channel 1 left 75m per Div mmm Channel 2 right 250m per Div Amplitude CH1 Amplitude CH2 1 Div 10m 10m im y 100m im y 100m J J 1000 M 100u i s den m 1250m Reset 0 0 Trigger Time sec 100m N M Auto lm X 1 M Channel 1 D 1m 10 Edge 90m ising Run Stop o o 2011 C Zeitnitz V1 40 single 25 D A AN m C C A ka MY P a G O DV 1 LA kl Ne NE w MV hJ V n A Dynex Hobby Single Plane Analysis 15 Units Setup the rotor for test Attach a trial weight to the rotor Run the rotor at the target frequency To estimate the O Metric initial weight use the trial weight calculator imperial Enter the trial weight radial position and phase angle below Spin Direction Trial unbalance Blue Marker Clockwise step Trial weight 0 29 O Anti clockwise Radial position of weight 23 Answer Phase angle 0 STEP 3 Determine Required Balance weight v Required balance weight is read direct from Vortex Analysis Tool v Apply balance weight example 0 198 gram to hub at the required radial position example 23mm Note The radial position can be changed to a new distance away from the axis of rotation if desired B Dynex Hobby Single Pla
36. s the vibration level during the test for 10 seconds Once this is completed the green light will appear on the Vortex panel v Adjust the trigger dial until it produces a single solid line on the rotor Record the vibration trigger level Example trigger level for the first run was 4 v Record the phase angle position the angle the strobe line appears relative to the zero reference position v Draw the phase angle and trigger level on a balance sheet for the first run See figure below Balance sheet is available in the appendix S 0 degree Reference A Correction Secondrun 5 66deg First run 4 Direction of rotation 21 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 STEP 3 Trial unbalance Second Run v SA a lt Apply a test weight at the zero reference position Example 0 3 gram Run device at test speed Example 40Hz Adjust the trigger dial that produces a solid single line on the rotor Record the vibration trigger level Example trigger level for the second run was set to 5 Record the phase angle position the angle the strobe line appears to the zero reference position Draw the phase angle and trigger level on a balance sheet for the second run STEP 4 Calculate correction weight v v v v Draw a vector line from the second run to the first run M easure the included angle between the correction vector and the first run Example 66 degrees Calculate the reguired correction weight as follo
37. tinue Should the operator experience signal distortion immediately turn down the Gain dial until the signal appears as a normal sine wave If the distortion continues cease operation of Vortex 42 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 The table below summarizes some common issues observed during test Freque 21 2 x rpm l x rpm 2 x rpm l M ZX AN 4 X rpm 1 2 3 4 x rpm of Belts 1 2 or 3 X frequency of electrical power usually 50 or 60 Fiz No of blades X rpm multiples of no of blades X rpm Blade frequency n x nel 2 3 No coupling pins teeth or epe 1 X rpm of gear No gear teeth X hel RA 222 M Fi Mesh frequency on x Pinion rpm z n x 2l get cpm 1 22 f 1 8 COS a 1 22 f 1 4 COS a f u COS a 1 2 11 H COS al Cause Oil whirl Unbalance eccentric journals Mechanical looseness Misalignment of couplings bearings and bent shaft Bad drive belts Electrical ground loops ete Loose coupling Failing coupling Eccentric pitch circle tooth errors in gear Poor gear mesh Eccentric pinion pinion shaft not parallel to bull gear shaft poor pinion support Eccentric bull gear bull gear not parallel to pinion shaft bull gear shaft deflection spall inner bearing race Spall outer bearing race Spall ball of bearing Cage unbalance Exists in sleeve bearings change speed or oil temperature Level is greatest in radial direc
38. tion Proportional to unbalance Look for loose bolts etc Level is greatest in axial direction Pulsing amplitude Amplitude drops instantly when power turned off A high level could mean a stall The sidebands are usually quite a bit lower in level than the blade frequency Could be due to misalignment wear lack of lubrication of coupling Could be due to poor meshing wear of meshing surfaces resonance of the gear train Harmonics could be due to skewed axes of rotation The more sidebands of high amplitude appear the greater the severity of the problem See above f rotational speed Hz d ball r pen n e pitch diam in x contact 6 Z number of balls See above See above A great source for learning about vibration spectrum analysis can be found at this website http www vibronurse com 43 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 APPENDIX STROBE BALANCE SHEET First run trigger level 0 Correction vector length C Trialweight W Correction weight 0 CXW 44 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 TERMS amp CONDITIONS PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERM S AND CONDITIONS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING DynexHobby com All users of this site agree that access to and use of this site are subject to the following terms and conditions and other applicable law If you do not agree to these terms and conditions please do not use this site COPYRIGHT The entire content in
39. ws Correction weight First run trigger level Correction vector length x Trial weight 4 5x0 3 gram 0 24 gram approx The correction weight is applied in the opposite direction to the second run vector shift For example the second run vector shifted clockwise relative to the first run The correction weight of 0 24 gram is then applied 66 degrees counter clockwise from the zero degree reference position STEP 5 Check balance v v v Run device at test speed Example 40Hz Adjust the trigger dial that produces a solid single line on the rotor Record the vibration trigger level Example trigger level was set to 2 Since the trigger level is less than the original 4 then an adeguate balance has been achieved Note It may not be possible to achieve a trigger level much less than this due to the sensitivity of the circuit 22 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 SINGLE PLANE DYNAMIC BALANCE 8 DYNEX a a 2 a2 A U pa ai M Used for multi blade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywheels Used for 2 blade propellors 4Point Used for 3 6 or 9 blade propellors motors spinners wheels and flywheels Used to fine tune flyweels motors wheels and spinners When to use this method e Generally can be used on most occaslons e When you want precise balancing with minimal residual unbalance e Strobe Method doesn t provide adequate results e Recommended method as vibration phase amplitude and residual imb
40. ynexHobby 2015 BALANCING SOFTWARE Introduction DynexHobby provides analysis tools to determine the balance of rotors There are two tools available listed below These can be downloaded from www dynexhobby com Application Dynex z Used for all Analysis balance methods This application runs under Microsoft Windows Note that NET 4 must be installed for this application to function Scope Tool Amplitude CH1 Amplitude CH2 JK Channel 1eft EI 100m perDWy K Gecke VJ 100m per Div be used as an m AP eecht SE alternative to the i Dynex Analysis 1 100u mou ce package It has a few additional features such as signal generation and vibration recording Time sec Grid V za a TT cm o 10 Page Copyright DynexHobby 2015 Features of vibration measuring software The following image illustrates the main features of the vibration measurement software or Scope software Changes Amplitude scale a Soundcard Oszilloscope S ext A Oscilloscope XY Graph Frequency Signalgenerator Extras Settings 777 Channel 1 left 15m perDiv men Channel 2 right 250m perDiv Channel 2 M easures Amplitude CH1 0m 1 Div f Hz Hz Yp p Amplitude CH2 Fe 100m 100m Im gt P Iim 4 e j e lt a 1 4 100u 100u 75m a 250m Reference pulse Offs et 0000 Reset om 8 Channel 1 Measures Vibration
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