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SG-Link®-LXRS® User Manual

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1. 2 0c cece cece cece ccc eccececceceeee 57 6 3 Sensor Calibration MRRRRRRRRRERRRERRRNR O O OOKO 58 6 3 1 EXAMPLE Lab or Field Calibration nanao ce ce ecececececeeeees 60 6 3 2 EXAMPLE Manufacturer Calibration esee ense 64 6 3 3 EXAMPLE Internal Shunt Calibration sese eee 66 7 Powering the Node a 71 W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 7 1 Selecting the Power Source ee see e eme se ese eres nene 72 7 2 Using the Internal Node Battery s se se esse se se sese ln 73 7 3 Charging the Node Battery sssssssssssssssssssssssssss esse sese sese rese e lese s nei 74 7 4 Connecting an External Power Supply 2 0 0 00 0 esee sese sese 75 8 Troubleshooting 2 20 0 sse esse se se se serere ee lesse aa 76 8 1 Troubleshooting Guide eccesso re eon dit ecc kk ma NG aa ak a cp ase recuel 76 8 2 Device Status Indicators sese essen ele rrena 81 8 9 Using theNode Tester Board i ee slay ABG Eae kA SAND Ata dha pakana pagala la hh RANA 82 8 4 Updating Node Firmware 2000 00 20 Ie I II I ee me me se o araona 90 8 5 Repair anid Calibration caes cioe eee CE YGG GG LAAL sensei e eg ba E aaa re LALIDI LA kinat 92 8 6 Technical Support s esee sese sese sese lesse sese seres 93 9 Mainten
2. 2 1 node or gateway has no power 2 COMMUNICATION Verify the node and gateway have power applied and that applicable power switches are on Power is indicated on both no communication to devices by a status indicator LED the gateway or node 2 2 gateway has no communication with the computer Verify gateway communication in the software Check remove and reconnect communications and power cables as applicable e For serial gateways verify that the COM port setting e For USB gateways verify that the drivers are installed on the computer included with Node Commander and that the software has had sufficient time to detect it For Ethernet gateways use Live Connect to verify communications on a DHCP network Check that the extended timeouts are enabled in the Node Commander Edit Preferences menu under Devices Once communication has been established the network configuration can be changed 2 3 node cannot be configured Observe the node status indicator LED to determine the device s state boot idle sample or sleep If the node is sampling or sleeping it cannot be configured In Node Commander execute the Stop Node command to put the node in idle state allowing configuration to occur If the user inactivity timeout is set very low the configuration menu will have to be entered quickly before the timeout occurs putting the node back in a sample or sleep state W4 LORD MicroStrain d SENSING SYS
3. 2 Right click on the node name and select Configure gt Configure Node 3 Select the check box for Channel 1 which is where the strain gauge is connected and then select the Configure button Channels streaming Synchronized Sampling Low Duty Cyde Datalogging Power Management RF Information Channel Physical Units Conversion Hardware Enabled Data Output Units Gain i Strain AP Value a oe aa Figure 47 Node Configuration Menu W4 LORD MicroStrain m SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 4 Use the following settings a Conversion Coefficients Class Strain b Conversion Coefficients Units uStrain c PGA Settings Hardware Gain 104 d PGA Setting Midscale for positive and negative going signals 5 Select the Auto Balance button to tare the no load value of the strain gauge Observe the value returned for the Auto Balance value Amplified signal Samples Wireless Samples Output bits Communication bits Units Conversion Coefficients Hardware Gan 104 E Coss units Output set to bits No conversion will be applied 1 0 Conversion Formula output slope bits offset Effective Range 0 to 4095 bits Channel 1 balanced to 1996 The offset for this channel has been updated to Figure 48 Channel Settings W4 LORD MicroStrain oF SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node
4. ShortPacketRangeTest Node31463 Good Pings 9070 Bad Pings 0 Success Rate 100 00 Base RSSI 12 dBm Min 12 dBm Max 10 dBm 3 j Node RSSI 12 dBm Min 12dBm Max 10 dBm Figure 23 Range Test Statistics W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 Connecting Sensors The SG Link LXRS contains an internal rechargeable Lithium Polymer Li Po battery For important precautions see Safety Information on page 104 The SG Link LXRS is susceptible to damage and or disruption of normal operation from Electrostatic Discharge ESD For important precautions see Safety Information on page 104 The SG Link LXRS wireless sensor node features two analog input channels that interface with a wide range of available sensor technologies essentially converting them into wireless sensors The node accommodates Wheatstone Bridge and analog sensors for applications in wireless strain gauge monitoring such as torque force and pressure measurement as well as sensors for other applications like wireless accelerometers vibration sensors magnetic field and displacement sensors Environmental sensing can be achieved with wireless RTD and wireless thermocouple monitoring The SG Link LXRS includes one channel for single ended sensor measurement one channel for differential sensor measurement and an additional channel dedicated to the o
5. a ind rem ae D view Made Duaci z Saving To Chien atalbicieSvariNodeConmandesDala Sanpled Data essn 02182014 119 52 21 agg NEO KATE SES cru d e Open FieSze183M8 Node 30252 Sync E BB Model G Link 105 Ld Node info Channel 1 Chame 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Chamel C Base RSSI Node RSSI Oon TRS 1945 ma dim 55 dim s j SIN 2419 43690 Sample Rate size A Firmware 8 05 Total Samples 32614 Memory Fult 1 Tener Tick 32613 c Ade Num Triggers 14 lost oncle S Node 31463 Syne PL Mag Th Model V Link 4 7 Node 31463 32287 28 25 18 3420 24 dBm 265m Ai Options LXRS Sample Rate sa N j S 2433 31463 I Total Samples 2035 i Firmware 8 18 Pro Ba ws b Memory Futo N Lost Samples 9 Packet Success 100 0 Ade Num Triggers 0 N P d Figure 13 Synchronized Sampling Data View a Device status Node sampling mode and gateway status are displayed in parentheses next to the device name b Node information includes node serial number and sampling statistics Right click on the node name for more menu options such as Stop Nodes c Data display of the sampled data with each channel in a column d Radio strength indicates how good the communication is between the gateway and node See Range Test on page 32 e Data file the location and size of the data file as data is added View the data in CSV format with the Open File button f View menu Select between Data Grid and Graph views
6. e Forinstructions on connecting specific sensors see Connecting Sensors on page 33 W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview To maximize operating time it is recommended that the SG Link LXRS internal battery be fully charged before installation If fully discharged it takes approximately 6 to 8 hours to achieve a full charge For charging instructions see Charging the Node Battery on page 74 3 1 Software Installation To install Node Commander Software Suite on the host computer run the installer executable file and follow the on screen prompts for a complete installation The Node Commander software includes hardware drivers required for use with USB gateways Once installed the software will automatically detect and configure any USB gateways that are plugged into the host computer The Node Commander Software Suite is included with all data gateways and is also available on the LORD MicroStrain website for download It includes the following programs e Node Commander is used for configuring nodes and acquiring viewing and saving data e Live Connect isa TCP IP to serial conversion tool that translates the communications between Node Commander and an Ethernet gateway e WSDA Data Downloader is used to download acquired data from the flash memory card embedded in an applicable gateway to a host computer SensorCloud is an optiona
7. voltage divider circuit input signal input GND CALCULATIONS KEY x channel number Vin maximumsensor output Rx external resistor Vout lt 3 R2 10KQ by Ohms Law 2 iy Vout Vin R or Rie Vin R2 E Ri nia R2 Vout EXAMPLE Vin 0 to 9VDC m 2 100000 100000 20KQ 3V W4 LORD MicroStrain Mi SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 8 3 Measuring Small Currents 4 to 20mA Sensors Sensors with small currents such as 4 to 20mA sensors can be used with the nodes by adding a precision sampling resistor across a single ended input channel to the node An example circuit is shown in Figure 31 Small Current Measurements Because the sensor output can be as much as 20mA it is recommended that an external Source be used to power the sensor When running on the internal node battery the node excitation can only supply 50mA to all sensors so 20mA would be a significant portion and would drain the battery quickly For battery life and current draw information see Using the Internal Node Battery on page 73 The current limitations can be mitigated by using an external power source for the sensor or the node If using node excitation power is the best for the application drain on the battery life can be limited by only switching the node excitation voltage on just before sampling and then turning it off afterward This happens automatically at low duty s
8. Datalogging Power RF Info Channel Physical Units Conversion Input Enabled Data Output Units Range Label Coors ig Did Volts Y 10 mv 147 re Fl DIG AD Value bits 20 mV 75 AJD Value 20 mV 75 320 mV 75 AJD Value AJD Value A D Value Figure 33 Channel Configuration Menu 2 Select the type of measurement from the Class menu and then select Units APD Value bits emper coefficents are different from the default t the The Temperature conversion dick Reset Coefficents to reset the values back to the defaults Calibrated Valve Bits to Slope 0 007324 Offset 67 839996 mats Conversion Formula output slope bits toffset Effective Range 67 84 to 412 1 C Figure 34 Select Sensor Units W4 LORD MicroStrain s0 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 2 Conversion Values The conversion values can be determined mathematically from the sensor sensitivity specifications from the sensor manufacturer calibration data or through a calibration process Calibration incorporates coefficients that normalize the sensor output to a known reference device in order guarantee accuracy of the sensor readings especially when making small or precise measurements See Sensor Calibration on page 58 for more information Not all sensors require calibration The conversion valu
9. LORD USER MANUAL SG Link LXRS Wireless 2 Channel Analog Input Sensor Node W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS MicroStrain Sensing Systems 459 Hurricane Lane Suite 102 Williston VT 05495 United States of America Phone 802 862 6629 Fax 802 863 4093 http www microstrain com sensing support LORD com sensing sales LORD com Copyright O 2015 LORD Corporation 3DM 3DM DH 3DM DH3 3DM GX19 3DM GX2 3DM GX3 3DM GX4 15 3DM GX4 25 3DM GX4 45 3DM GX4 3DM RQ1 AIFP Ask Us How Bolt Link DEMOD DC DVRT DVRT Link EH Link EmbedSense ENV Link FAS A G Link G Link2 HS Link IEPE Link Inertia Link Little Sensors Big Ideas Live Connect LXRS MathEngine MicroStrain MVEH MXRS Node Commander PVEH RHT Link RTD Link SensorCloud SG Link Shock Link Strain Wizard TC Link Torque Link V Link Watt Link Wireless Simplicity Hardwired Reliability and WSDA are trademarks of LORD Corporation Document 8500 0003 Revision D Subject to change without notice SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Table of Contents 1 Wireless Sensor Network Overview 0 00 00 0 2 2 aa 7 2 Node Overview EE 8 2 1 Components AAAH 9 2 2 Interface and WOCANO SW akoa adad app dna anna hahaha hk l aap haDD ERE EE ELE ERR Dapa NI RIT EUN PROPRE 10 3
10. Synchronized Samaliag D fo e Meu permet PEE Channel Physical Units Conversion Input Enabled C Data Output Units Range Label 1 Configure MI d ADvwe 7 Se mmer agi a x A D Value bits 70 mv 21 x AD Value bits 260 a1 a2 Other a3 Figure 8 Node Channels Menu W4 LORD MicroStrain m SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 2 To enter the channel configuration menu select the Configure button as shown in Figure 8 Node Channels Menu The channel configuration menu options change depending on the sensor type selected a Channel Label names the channel b Channel diagram shows the channel electronics and data flow c Conversion Coefficients defines the type and units of the measurement being made d PGA Settings These settings determine what gain is applied to the sensor measurement and set the position of the no load baseline measurement for the sensor signal It is only available for differential input channels with gain amplifiers e Calibration values includes the slope offset scale and formula used to convert the sensor reading to engineering units The slope and offset can be determined from the sensor manufacturer calibration data or through a calibration process Configuration Channel gu Hardware Offset 479 Units Strain x strain Wizard AJD Value bits Auto Bolonce Click Strain Wizard to
11. 1500 LXRS The LORD MicroStrain Node Commander software is used for node configuration and data collection and the optional SensorCloud web platform for data visualization and analysis Users can also design custom programs with the open source LORD MicroStrain 9 Wireless Sensor Networks Data Communications Protocol Figure 1 SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Node Overview 2 1 Components List The SG Link LXRS features an internal antenna and an integrated terminal block for attaching sensors There are no removable parts For a complete list of available configurations accessories additional system products and ordering information see Parts and Configurations on page 95 LORD MicroStrain SG Link LXRS Wireless 2 Channel Analog Input Sensor Node patent pending E 6308 4220 01078 c E E Item Description Quantity EI SG Link9 LXRS Wireless Sensor Node lom User Manual Quick Start Guide and Calibration Certificate Table 1 Components List W4 LORD MicroStrain P SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Node Overview 2 2 Interface and Indicators The SG Link LXRS includes a power input jack for charging the internal battery or externally powering the node a power on off switch a power source selector switch terminal blocks for connecting sensing devices and p
12. SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Specifications 11 4 Radio Specifications The SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node employs a 2 4GHz IEEE 802 15 4 compliant radio transceiver for wireless communication The radio is a direct sequence spread spectrum radio and can be configured to operate on 14 separate frequencies ranging from 2 405 GHz to 2 470 GHz Following the 802 15 4 standard these frequencies are aliased as channel 11 through channel 24 For all newly manufactured nodes the default setting is equivalent to 2 425 GHz channel 15 For standard models radiated transmit power is programmable from 0 dBm 1 mW to 16 dBm 89 mW A low transmit power option is available for use in Europe and elsewhere and is limited to 10 dBm 10 mW The radio complies with ETSI EN 300 328 EN 300 440 Class 2 Europe FCC CFR 47 Part 15 USA and ARIB STD T66 Japan regulations The radio is license free worldwide Using antennas and transmission equipment other than what is provided may void FCC compliance l l e The gateway can automatically manage nodes operating on different frequencies by using the Node Discovery feature in Node Commander In this routine the gateway listens for node broadcasts on the frequency channel to which it is set If the node is in normal boot up mode it will provide the broadcast when it is initially powered on and broadcast on all channels As long as the node is powered on after a
13. W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview g End sampling The red X is used to exit the sampling window and or end sampling Use the view menu to select the Graph view of the data Click on the node to view the graph for that node Click again to hide it Ke Base Station Com 3 Monitoring g ij Te we 4 aa lata ess 16 54 ter 02192014 T16 54 05 ctv P Node 30252 Sync me 3 39 Node 31463 Sync Kistabie NG Figure 14 Synchronized Sampling Graph View a Available Nodes Click on the node to display the graph for that node Click again to hide it Right click on the node name for more menu options such as stop nodes and save stream b Axis range Select the X axis width and Y axis zoom percentage or use the Auto check box for automatic scaling c Graph the node graph shows the sampled data Each active channel is displayed as a different color The X axis is time in seconds and the Y axis is the A D value bits Right click on the graph for additional menu options such as View Graph Key Pan Zoom Pause and Remove Graph d View menu Select between Data Grid and Graph views e Data file The location and size of the data file as data is added View the data in CSV format with the Open File button f End sampling The red X is used to exit the sampling window and or end sampling W4 LORD MicroStrain zi SENSING SYS
14. 372 Communicate r4 Configure Read Write EEPROM Calibration Coefficients gt Frequency Remove Node Figure 57 Node Configuration Menu 7 Select the check box for Channel 1 which is where the Node Tester Board is installed and then select Configure Channels Streaming Synchronized Sampling Low Duty Cyde Datalogging Power RF info Physical Units Conversion Input Data Output Units Range AJD Value bits owe A D Value bits x70 mV 21 A D Value bits 2600 pV 2222 AD Value bits 600 pV 2222 A D Value bits Other A D Value bits Other AJD Value bits Other A D Value bits Other Figure 58 Node Channel Configuration W4 LORD MicroStrain ka SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 Use the following settings for the node tester board a Conversion Coefficients Units uStrain b Conversion Coefficients Class Strain c PGA Settings Input Range 2 5mV d PGA Setting Midscale 9 Select the Auto Balance button to tare the no load value of the tester board Wireless Samples signal signal bits Communication bits Units pa TU ab abe to Click Strain Wizard to run the Strain Wizard Bits to iStrain Slope 1 Conversion Formula output slope bits offset Effective Range 0 to 4095 yuStrain Offset 0 A Channel1 balanc
15. Ifthe node is set to use an external source and the charging power supply is plugged in it will power the node from the power supply and not charge the battery It will continue to use the internal battery e Ifthe node is set to internal and an external power supply other than the one used for charging is plugged in several things could happen If it is a power supply that is in the operating range of the charging circuit it may charge the battery If it is below the range of the charging circuit nothing will happen If the applied voltage is above the range of the charging circuit damage to the node will likely occur and personal injury may result e When under battery operation there is a limit to how much current the node can provide to sensors If the node is in an over current condition it will shut off until the cause is removed Using an external power source for the node or sensor can mitigate this issue W4 LORD MicroStrain 105 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Safety Information 12 3 Power Supply The SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node can be powered by an external source ZNWARNING A CAUTION Ba Apply only the input voltage range specified for the SG Link LXRS Connect to a power source that is near the e device is accessible and adheres to all national wiring standards Compliance with wiring standards is assumed in the installation of the power source and includes protec
16. RFI and other sources of signal noise The primary use of these channels is for strain gauges pressure transducers load cell s and other devices that can utilize a Wheatstone Bridge configuration The SG Link LXRS is available in standard configurations for full half or quarter Wheatstone Bridge operation at various impedances See Differential Sensors on page 39 Custom configurations are also available For configuration and ordering options see Parts and Configurations on page 95 The differential measurement channels provide a 3 V dc excitation voltage to the sensor and measures the resulting sensor signal output The sensor signal goes through a programmable gain amplifier PGA and is then processed in the node by a 12 bit analog to digital A D converter over the 3 V dc range The resolution of the sensor measurement is dependent on the operating range of the sensor If the application is such that only a small portion of the 3 V dc range is being utilized better resolution can be achieved by increasing signal amplification and by zeroing the sensor baseline in the appropriate offset biasing range Wireless Samples signal signal bits Communication bits Units Figure 25 Differential Channel Signal Processing W4 LORD MicroStrain ae SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 7 1 Differential Sensors Sensors that are classified as differential s
17. SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 5 Release the F1 key 6 Click Upgrade Firmware and the Node Firmware Upgrade window will appear 7 Click Browse and navigate to the downloaded zhex file 8 Click Write and the upgrade sequence will begin When completed Upgrade Success will appear in the Status column Bootloader Version FW Before Upgrade FW After Upgrade Status 106 8 00 8 05 Firmware found Ready Path C VUserslb trutor Desktop lmirostrain wireless frmware V2 1 0 2hex Figure 66 Upgrade Firmware Window W4 LORD MicroStrain al SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 5 Repair and Calibration The SG Link LXRS has no components which require factory calibration and certification General Instructions In order to return any LORD MicroStrain product you must contact LORD MicroStrain Sales or Technical Support to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization number RMA All returned merchandise must be in the original packaging including manuals accessories cables etc with the RMA number clearly printed on the outside of the package Removable batteries should be removed and packaged in separate protective wrapping Please provide the LORD MicroStrain model number and serial number as well as your name organization shipping address telephone number and email Normal turn arou
18. Sensors 5 3 Sensor Power When using the internal node battery to power the node total ACAUTION sensor current draw of more than 50mA can cause permanent damage to the node and should be avoided Sensors can be powered by the node or with an external power supply The node sensor excitation voltage is 3 V dc and can provide up to 50 mA total on all channels If a higher voltage or more current is required for the sensor an appropriately sized external power supply can be used For example using the node battery for current intensive devices such as 4 to 20mA sensors will drain the battery quickly For these applications an external source is recommended for the sensor or the node See 0 to 3 V dc Voltage Measurements on page 43 for an example of using an external source for the sensor and see Powering the Node on page 71for node power information Drain on the battery can also be limited by selecting low resource sampling modes and low duty sampling rates which automatically switch the node excitation voltage off after sampling This feature can also be utilized to turn switches on and off to further control resource use See Using the Excitation Output as a Switch on page 46 External battery holders and ruggedized outdoor housings that accommodate D cell batteries are available for the SG Link9 LXRS and can be used to extend battery operating capacity and duration See Node Accessories on page 96 5 4 Node Channels Designati
19. continuous string of pings used to validate communication between the gateway and the node over distance and obstruction Read Write EEPROM commands transmitted to the node to read or write parameters stored in the node s operating system Real Time Clock RTC a computer clock that keeps track of the current time Resolution in digital systems the resolution is the number of bits or values available to represent analog values or information For example a 12 bit system has 4 096 bits of resolution and a 16 bit system has 65 536 bits RFI Radio Frequency Interference is a disturbance in an electrical circuit due to electromagnetic induction or radiation RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication is a measurement of the transmission power in a radio signal The units are decibels with reference to 1 milliWatt dBm RS232 aserial data communications protocol Sensor a device that physically or chemically reacts to environmental forces and conditions and produces a predictable electrical signal as a result Sleep a command transmitted to the node to put it into sleep configuration W4 LORD MicroStrain 110 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual References Sampling the process of taking measurements from a sensor or device Sampling Mode the type of sampling that is being utilized such as event triggered continuous or periodic The nodes have several sampling modes that employ these types of sampl
20. data analysis program V Kd ox MM 4 remi Amplified Samples Wireless Samples signal bits Communication bits Conversion Coefficents Class Stan Units ustran v Stran wizard Cik Strain Wizard to run the Strain Wizard Bits to Strain Slope 0 087091 Conversion Formula outputeslope bits offset Effective Range 180 5 to 176 2 pStran Figure 46 Enter Calibration Values 10 Savethe values and exit configuration This is the end of a lab calibration 11 Forfield calibrations bbegin node data streaming again with no load on the sensor 12 Observe the value in the stream graph If the stream is not at zero return to the channel configuration menu and adjust the offset by increasing or decreasing the value 13 Once the offset has been zeroed verify the calibration by applying known loads on the sensor throughout the load range observing and verifying the measurement in engineering units W4 LORD MicroStrain ee SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 3 2 EXAMPLE Manufacturer Calibration NODE V Link LXRS 16 bit 65536 A D values CHANNEL TYPE differential analog input 0 to 3 V dc input range SENSOR TYPE pressure transducer voltage output positive going SENSOR PARAMETERS From the manufacturer calibration sheet included with the sensor sensor range 0 250 psi sensor zero load output 0 0032 V dc sensor full scale
21. l l The Microsoft Excel the Time data column in the data file may have to be changed to m d yyyy h mm ss 000 format to make it more readable l l W4 LORD MicroStrain x SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Node Installation 4 Node Installation 4 1 Mounting Recommendations The SG Link LXRS is rated for indoor use only unless housed in a ruggedized outdoor enclosure Enclosures for the SG Link LXRS are available from LORD MicroStrain Some also accommodate D cell batteries extending the battery operating capacity and duration For more information see Node Accessories on page 96 There are two mounting tabs on the node with holes for fastening The node can be mounted in any orientation but it is recommended that it is mounted in a way that optimizes wireless communications For more information see Optimizing the Radio Link on page 31 6 2 2 19 21 6 85 49 5 1 95 27 9 1 10 21 3 84 Figure 21 Mounting the Node W4 LORD MicroStrain d SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Node Installation 4 2 Optimizing the Radio Link In ideal conditions the nodes and gateway can communicate up to two kilometers apart In order to accomplish this the node and gateway must be installed in a manner that optimizes the wireless transmission The SG Link LXRS operates at a 2 4GHz transmission frequency The internal antenna has
22. output FSO with 10V excitation 86 07mV From the application parameters sensor excitation in application 3V supply from the node DESIRED OUTPUT engineering units EU psi CALCULATIONS Because the sensor will be powered from the node with 3V and the sensor manufacturer calibrated it a 10V the manufacturer full scale output FSO value needs to be scaled to 3V 3V 10V 86 07mV 25 82mV Select a gain and offset scale value appropriate for the sensor Because the signal is positive going in this example application the low offset scale will provide the largest range With the low offset selected the effective input range of the node is 75mV to 3V 2 25V see Differential Input Gain and Offset on page 56 Calculate the highest gain possible by dividing the actual input range by the sensor FSO 2 25V 25 82mV 87 The closest gain setting below optimal gain for a V Link LXRS9 is 75 20mV Using a higher gain value would exceed the input voltage capacity of the node when the sensor is at higher pressures This selection makes sense because the approximate input range designation for a gain of 75 is 20mV a 40mV delta minus 10mV for the low offset which is close to the FSO range of the sensor W4 LORD MicroStrain id SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings Multiply the sensor FSO by the gain setting to get the sensor voltage after amplification 75 25 82mV 1 9365V S
23. run the Strain Wizard Bits to pStrain Slope 1 Offset 0 Conversion Formula output slope bits offset Effective Range 0 to 4095 pStrain Figure 9 Channel Setup W4 LORD MicroStrain 1B SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 6 Sampling Settings The SG Link9 LXRS has four primary sampling modes Synchronized Sampling Low Duty Cycle Sampling Streaming and Datalogging Some modes have user configurable settings for sample rate sample duration event based sampling and datalogging Other settings are automatic depending on number of active channels and other variables For more information on sampling modes refer to the Node Commander user manual see References on page 107 l l l i Streaming mode which is continuously sampling and transmitting uses a large amount of system bandwidth and can significantly reduce node battery life Streaming is recommended primarily for diagnostics and is not supported in SensorCloud M l l In general when determining which sample mode and rate is most suitable for the application consider the following e Increasing the sample rate reduces the available over the air transmission bandwidth and therefore also reduces the number of nodes that can be reporting simultaneously e Increasing the sample rate increases the power requirement of the node and therefore reduces battery l
24. 08 a a W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Overview 1 Wireless Sensor Network Overview The LORD MicroStrain Wireless Sensor Network is a high speed scalable sensor data acquisition and sensor networking system Each system consists of wireless sensor interface nodes a data collection gateway and full featured user software platforms based on the LORD MicroStrain Lossless Extended Range Synchronized LXRS data communications protocol Bidirectional wireless communication between the node and gateway enables sensor data collection and configuration from up to two kilometers away Gateways can be connected locally to a host computer or remotely via local and mobile networks Some gateways also feature analog outputs for porting sensor data directly to standalone data acquisition equipment The selection of available nodes allows interface with many types of sensors including accelerometers strain gauges pressure transducers load cells torque and vibration sensors magnetometers 4 to 20mA sensors thermocouples RTD sensors soil moisture and humidity sensors inclinometers and orientation and displacement sensors Some nodes come with integrated sensing devices such as accelerometers System sampling capabilities are IEEE 802 15 4 compliant and include lossless synchronized sampling continuous and burst sampling and data logging A single gateway can coordinate
25. 3 The single ended channels can measure signals from 0 to 3 V dc with reference to the system ground Sensor output must be positive going voltage in order to operate correctly with the SG Link LXRS If the sensors output is greater than 3 V dc a voltage divider can be used to decrease the scale See Measuring Voltages over Three Volts on page 44 The impedance of the sensor must be less than 5 KO The sensor output signal is processed in the node by a 12 bit analog to digital A D converter over the 3 V dc range The resolution of the sensor measurement is dependent on the full scale output range of the sensor The closer itis to three volts the more resolution will be achieved The following sections provide examples of how various sensors can be connected to the node For other applications or those outside of the operating parameters listed above contact LORD MicroStrain Technical Support see Technical Support on page 93for contact information CN Samples bits Wireless Communication Input Signal 0 3V Figure 29 Single Ended Signal Processing W4 LORD MicroStrain bia SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 8 1 0 to 3 V dc Voltage Measurements Sensors that operate in the O to 3 V dc range are ideal for the node inputs Resistive loads that are not differentially measured such as string potentiometers are easily measured by the node singl
26. 4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 5 BB a PAA AA 35 5 4 Node Channels Designations 0 La 35 5 5 Terminal Block Connections oc esie eet eere roter pru coe idee pir er Janna akda P Dd 36 5 6 Pin Descriptions n III e e e me se seme sse lesse lesse sese 37 5 7 Differential Input Channels a 38 5 7 1 Differential Sensors sese es esee seres n lI 39 5 7 2 Measuring Small Voltages ese seme eese se ss es e lenis 41 5 8 Single Ended Input Channels ese sese sess lese lI 42 5 8 1 Oto 3V dc Voltage Measurements e emnes emen n 43 5 8 2 Measuring Voltages over Three Volts s sese esses eli 44 5 8 8 Measuring Small Currents 4 to 20mA Sensors sese 45 5 9 Using the Excitation Output as a Switch sse seseee 46 5 10 Thermocouples e e e e ee se ee mn Ie me ee ee etre le rere sees 46 5 11 On board Temperature Sensor 47 6 Sensor Settings ses son ico NAL cha oM kaan LAAN URN aanak kbps 48 6 1 Measurement Units oido ce eee rud qo Een eek ranan aaao sae E NG IE naarn naan Ugret Scit 50 SAGALA eric AA 51 6 2 1 Calculating a Linear Slope 00000000000000 00000 esse eese sese sess leni 54 6 2 2 Differential Input Gain and Offset isses ee esee sese seni 56 6 2 2 1 Example Gain and Offset Calculations
27. 53 21 9 1475 745 1493 966 0 704446 2166 704 53 22 9 1476 143 1491 654 0 705406 2166 705 53 23 9 1486 709 1492 854 0 705149 2166 705 53 24 9 1486 581 1492 897 0 704863 2166 706 53 25 9 1477 195 1488 558 0 70439 2166 706 53 26 9 1486 35 1493 403 0 70435 2166 707 53 27 9 1475 12 1488 122 0 70352 2166 707 53 28 9 1473 597 1491 184 0 706812 2166 707 Figure 15 Data Storage Display and Processing W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 8 31 Connect to SensorCloud If the gateway is enabled for SensorCloud access and the sensor node sampling has been activated data will automatically upload to the web Data from the gateway can also be uploaded to SensorCloud once logged on To connect to SensorCloud go to the SensorCloud website log in page and enter the log in credentials Register as a new user if needed http sensorcloud com log in SensorCloud Login Email Password orgot your password Login Don t have an account Sign Up now Figure 16 SensorCloud Log in or Register The SensorCloud interface has six main views When logging in as a registered user the Device view is the default Navigate to other views by clicking the view name at the top of the page Figure 17 SensorCloud Device Menu SensorCloud SensorCloud views Figure 17 SensorCloud Dev
28. 8 SensorCloud Data View W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview e Settings The settings view provides options for adding meta data configuring the data displays for each channel creating alerts based on data thresholds and setting the data timezone and more f MathEngine is used to analyze sensor data Functions include the ability to filter out frequencies smooth out noisy data perform math operations such as Fast Fourier Transforms FFTs and much more MathEngine interfaces with the SensorCloud graphing view for faster processing Figure 19 MathEngine View Refer to the MathEngine website for more information http sensorcloud com mathengine Frequency vs Log Amplitude Figure 19 MathEngine View For more information about SensorCloud features and navigation refer to the SensorCloud website or contact LORD MicroStrain Technical Support see Technical Support on page 93 3 8 2 Sensor Data Files Data acquired in Node Commander is stored in CSV format and can be opened with Microsoft Excel Quattro Pro Open Office or other CSV editors spreadsheet programs Data in this format is very easily uploaded to SensorCloud as well using the SensorCloud CSV Uploader The data files can be found on the host computer in the default directory or the locatio
29. GND 5 10 Thermocouples Thermocouples can be used on the differential input channels by simply adding a high impedance resistor to the input An example circuit is shown in Figure 32 Connecting a Thermocouple Thermocouples should be calibrated by first selecting the appropriate baseline offset range output range or gain and then applying know loads and calculating the slope and offset values Using water as the known load medium submerging the thermocouple in ice and hot water baths is a simple method that can be used for calibration node terminal block thermocouple circuit thermocouple signal thermocouple signal KEY x channel number Rx external resistor Figure 32 Connecting a Thermocouple W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 11 On board Temperature Sensor The SG Link LXRS has an on board solid state temperature sensor mounted on the surface of the circuit board The temperature sensor output is connected to channel 3of the SG Link LXRS e The temperature sensor has a measurement range of 25 C to 70 C range with an accuracy of 0 5 C 25 C e The sensor is made by Texas Instruments part number LM60 Specifications may be found on the manufacturer s website W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 Sensor Settings LO
30. Overview on page 11 2 Right click on the node heading and select Configure 5 Configure Node Select the check box for Channel 1 which is where the strain gauge is connected and then select the Configure button Configuration Node 268 Channels steaming Synchronized Samping Low Duty Cyde Datalogang Power Management RF informa Channel Physical Units Conversion Hardware Units Gan al H 4 i restr 37 aa Figure 42 Node Configuration Menu W4 LORD MicroStrain 9e SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 3 Usethe following settings Figure 43 Channel Settings a Conversion Coefficients Class A D value b Conversion Coefficients Units bits c PGA Settings Hardware Gain 104 d PGA Setting Midscale for positive and negative going signals 4 Select the Auto Balance button to tare the no load value of the strain gauge Click OK to apply the node settings and exit configuration Configuration Channel Amplified Samples Wireless Samy signal bits Communication bits Conversion Coeffidents E Ea ws Output set to bits No conversion will be Bits Slope 1 Offset o Conversion Formula output slope bits offset Effective Range 0 to 4095 bits Figure 43 Channel Settings 5 Right click on the node heading and then Sample Stream Start amp Base Station Com 3 H Node 30252 a a g Synchron
31. RD MicroStrain Sales in a Repacemen USBcabe 9022 0029 7 USB Gateway cable extender 6307 0900 Replacement serial cable 4005 0005 Ethernet Data Gatewa Table 9 Wireless System Equipment W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Parts and Configurations 10 4 Product Ordering Products can be ordered directly from the LORD MicroStrain website by navigating to the product page and using the Buy feature http www microstrain com wireless For further assistance our sales team is available to help with product selection ordering options and questions Sales Support sensing sales LORD com Phone 802 862 6629 Fax 802 863 4093 9 00 AM to 5 00 PM Eastern Time US amp Canada W4 LORD MicroStrain 99 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Specifications 11 Specifications 11 1 Physical Specifications 21 6 85 43 2 1 70 49 5 1 95 27 9 1 10 21 3 84 15 1 59 3 1 12 2 4 09 Dimensions 58 mm x50 mm x21 mm Weight 42 grams Enclosure Environmental Rating General purpose indoor IP67 NEMA4X rated enclosure available W4 LORD MicroStrain ad SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Specifications 11 2 Operating Specifications 100 Parameter Specifications Differential analog 1 channel pgagonlipu chennela Single ended a
32. RD MicroStrain 9 sensor nodes are designed to accept many sensor types The node configuration interface includes settings for measurement units gain settings and conversion values For more information see Sensor Calibration on page 58 There are preset measurement units as well as a user defined field Because the wireless sensor system is digital the analog voltage readings from the sensors are converted into a digital equivalent value based on the volt to bit scale of the internal analog to digital voltage converter A D converter Sensor readings can be displayed and recorded in volts and A D value bits directly or further converted to engineering units by applying conversion values and a conversion formula For more information see Conversion Values on page 51 and for instruction of adjusting units see Measurement Units on page 50 Some sensors require calibration to determine more accurate conversion values Calibration incorporates coefficients that normalize the sensor output to a known reference device and guarantee accuracy of conversions External sensors can be attached to any channel that is suitable for sensor type Table 5 Example External Sensor Types describes example sensors units and calibration options example calibration channel e F typ external sensors options calibration wizard strain strain gauges in full half volts quarter custom Wheatstone user entry from Bridge configurations A D value manufac
33. SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 3 Using the Node Tester Board The node tester board is used to verify node and network functions before sensors are connected or for diagnostic purposes The node tester board provides a fixed load so system functions can be verified including basic operations not related to the sensor such as communication and sampling A fixed load is applied to the differential input by pressing the load button The SG Link9 LXRS also features a photo cell that can be used to apply a variable load the single ended channel Adjust the load by changing the amount of light on the face of the photo cell There are various impedance value node tester boards available depending on the node it is being used with See Parts and Configurations on page 95 for configuration options and part numbers Each is configurable to emulate full half and quarter bridge strain gauges Table 7 Tester Board Configuration describes the strain gauge load settings available This setting must match the type of node channel that is being tested For example if the node is a quarter bridge node the setting on the tester board must be the same The configuration chart is also printed on the underside of the board film off to access the switches l The switches may come with a protective film covering them Simply peel the l l l SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 position position position position Configurati
34. Sample Synchronized Sampling Communicate EN Duty Cycle Configure Stream Datalogging Remove Node pres p 194 pa w3 m pa w3 ml m4 pa m sd pi P pa 94 md x 1 m3 Figure 64 Node Tester Output Stream W4 LORD MicroStrain d SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 4 Updating Node Firmware Under the recommendation of LORD MicroStrain Technical Support Engineers nodes can be upgraded to the latest available firmware to take advantage of new features or correct operating issues Node Commander version 2 7 0 or greater can be used to update any mX RS or LXRS node or gateway firmware to the most current version Updates are found on the LORD MicroStrain website See Technical Support on page 93 for contact and website information 1 Download the LXRS Firmware Upgrade file from the LORD MicroStrain website 2 Once downloaded extract the contents of the zip file into a folder on the computer Verify there is a file with a zhex extension 3 Launch Node Commander and establish communication between the node and gateway as normal 4 While holding F1 button on the keyboard right click the node name and a drop down menu will appear amp Base Station Com 36 s v Noda 412 Upgrade Firmware Figure 65 Update Node Firmware W4 LORD MicroStrain id
35. System Operational Overview s esses sels lese lc 11 3 1 Software Installation ec ee deka deye eoe a HAL Lang gaao JILUNDL Re Di mE QUUD Sec REUS ILA Lima hs 12 3 2 System Connections esse ese sese ee e sese aeaa 13 3 3 Gateway USB Communication ee e nsns nene eIls 14 34 GOnect o NDUBS AA 15 3 4 1 Adding a Node by Address UU sese esse anaana 15 3 4 2 Using Node Discovery ss esse se se selle e sse se se selle sees 15 3 5 Channel Contiquratiori o eee odere eden eds Daanan eUir ve Ope SE CI Pre EN ME pd eua ee Eee e das 17 3 6 Sampling Settings oii atate ie ese toe oes rud od aaa ana anan dis obo Dow ann len emulate 19 3 7 Data Acquisition sese e ee se he e ese se se se se se reli 20 3 8 Data Handling esses ese e e se s eme ee rer le se se sel nes 25 3 8 1 Connectto SensorCloud Ma 26 3 8 2 Sensor Data Files 28 4 Node Installation 0 oon eee eee eee eens 30 4 1 Mounting Recommendations a 30 4 2 Optimizing the Radio Link 2 22 0 00 000 c eee ccc eee cece ec ese es me eme ems seres elei 31 4 2 1 Range Test ERR 32 5 Connecting Sensors eee nent ne beeen eee nsns ln eIln 33 5 1 Sensor Requirements 2 cece cece cece eee ec eee ec ec eececeeceecececceceececeesecseceseeseees 33 5 2 Wiring Recommendations 0 20 20 eee e cece cece cece cece ccc esse ee ee se se re se sese li 34 W
36. TEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 8 Data Handling Data acquired through Node Commander is automatically saved on the host computer see Sensor Data Files on page 28 and can also be viewed from the web based SensorCloud portal Saved data can be uploaded to SensorCloud and Ethernet gateways provide the option to automatically port the data to SensorCloud during data acquisition for near real time display and aggregation Ethernet gateways can also be configured to save data locally to internal memory for future upload to the host computer or SensorCloud M SensorCloud is based on cloud computing technology and is designed for long term collecting and preservation of data Features include time series and visualization graphing automated alerts and data interpretation tools such as data filtering statistical analysis and advanced algorithm development with the integrated MathEngine9 interface Leveraging the open source API SensorCloud can also be used to collect data from other LORD MicroStrain sensor products or third party systems Basic SensorCloud services are available to all users free of charge see Connect to SensorCloud on page 26 ch2 1Hz ch3 1Hz cha 1Hz AN Timestamp GMT chi ch2 ch3 cha Ll KA 53 17 5 _1473 45 1a94 594 0 703699 2166 703 53 19 9 1473 023 1488 775 0 703585 2166 704 53 20 9 1474 546 1492 239 0 704699 2166 704
37. TEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting Problem Possible cause and recommended solution 2 4 node is out of range Perform a bench test with the node in close proximity to the gateway to verify they are operational For range test and installation recommendations see Range Teston page 32 The system has been tested to operate with the node and gateway up to 2 km apart with clear line of sight 2 5 node is not in normal boot mode If the node status indicator shows the node booting in a mode other than the normal boot mode it can be bypassed by toggling the node ON OFF switch rapidly three times then leaving it in the ON position for normal power up In normal boot mode the communication can be established with automatic node discovery or manually once the boot process is complete and the node is in idle state Start up mode can then be changed in the software 2 6 node is sampling Observe the node status indicator LED to determine the device s state boot idle sample or sleep If the node is sampling it cannot be configured In Node Commander execute the Stop Node command to put the node in idle state allowing configuration to occur 2 7 node is sleeping Observe the node status indicator LED to determine what state it is boot idle sample or sleep If the node is sleeping it cannot be configured In Node Commander execute the Stop Node command to put the node in idle state allowin
38. User Manual Sensor Settings 6 Select the Strain Wizard 7 Select the appropriate Bridge Type and click Next 8 Select Use the Strain Measurement Wizard and click Next 9 Set the following parameters a Number of Active Gauges number of a strain elements connected for example 4 for a full bridge and 2 for a half bridge b Gauge Factor ratio of mechanical strain to electrical output a gauge specification c Gauge Resistance Enter the strain gauge ohm value a gauge specification d Shunt Resistance 499000 ohms F n Please enter the bridge configuration information When done hit the Calibrate button for the changes to take affect and please be patient Number of Active Gauges Gauge Factor 2 00 Gauge Resistance 1000 Y ohm Shunt Resistance 489000 ohm Simulated Strain 250 00 Calibrate Slope Residual Offset Select the correct bridge values then click Calibrate Figure 49 Strain Wizard Settings l l l Touching sensors and test boards or charging the node battery while acquiring data may induce noise on sensitive sensor signals and is not recommended l l W4 LORD MicroStrain 98 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 10 Select Calibrate 11 Verify the calibration looks as shown in Figure 50 Strain Gauge Calibration The green line represents the output of the strain gauge With no load applied it should
39. acon on Start This setting is the same as enabling the beacon in the gateway menu and by default is selected As soon as sampling is started the nodes wait for the first beacon transmission to initiate sampling When this option is selected the gateway beacon is enabled and will begin transmitting at a fixed interval at this time Disabling the beacon on start unchecking the box will set the nodes to wait for the beacon but does not actually start the beacon This can be used if there is a need for sampling to be initiated later or if the beacon is being received from another source than the gateway Refer to the Node Commander User Manual for more information g Apply settings and start sampling Before acquisition can begin use the Apply Network Settings to save the session settings to the node When completed select Start Sampling to begin W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview h Close sampling window with the red X to exit sampling or once the sampling has been started to view the data window behind it Synchronized sampling features two data views a grid view and a graph view Once sampling is started the data grid view is the default view before the first sample to appear in Node Commander I I I Depending on the synchronized sampling settings it may take many seconds I I I I I l Co E
40. age 104 The SG Link LXRS is susceptible to damage and or disruption of normal operation from Electrostatic Discharge ESD For important precautions see Safety Information on page 104 To acquire sensor data nodes are used with any LORD MicroStrain data gateway such as the WSDA Base 10x LXRS or WSDA 1500 LXRS anda software interface LORD MicroStrain has two software programs available for the Wireless Sensor Network SensorCloud and Node Commander 9 SensorCloud is an optional web based data collection visualization analysis and remote management platform based on cloud computing technology Node Commander is used for configuring gateways and nodes selecting sampling modes and parameters initializing data acquisition and viewing and saving data In this section system hardware and software setup is described including an overview of the Node Commander software menus required to configure a sensor connected to the node and begin data acquisition through the gateway It is intended as a quick start guide and is not a complete demonstration of all system or software features capabilities or settings Refer to the Node Commander User Manual the LORD MicroStrain website and the SensorCloud website for more information see References on page 107 e Foran example of sensor configuration and a calibration routine or for verification of system functionality see Using the Node Tester Board on page 82
41. alibration of technological devices Node The node is the wireless transceiver that the sensor s is connected to providing communication with the gateway The G Link LXRS V Link LXRS and SG Link LXRS are all nodes manufactured by LORD MicroStrain Node Tester board The Node Tester board is a device designed by LORD MicroStrain that can be plugged into nodes to test their functionality W4 LORD MicroStrain 109 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual References Offset When describing a mathematically linear relationship the offset is the value where the line that represents the relationship in a graph crosses the y axis The equation of a straight line is y mx b where xis the x axis coordinate yis the y axis coordinate mis the slope and bisthe offset Oversampling In signal processing oversampling is a technique use to achieve increased signal resolution and better noise immunity by recording readings at a higher frequency than the output of the device being measured In analog to digital conversion the higher the oversampling rate the better the analog signal is recreated Packet unit of sampled data Ping A byte is transmitted by the gateway to the node and the node responds by echoing the byte indicating communication exists between the node and gateway PGA A Programmable Gain Amplifier is an electronic device used to amplify small electrical signals Range Test a
42. ampling rates 32Hz or lower and can be set up for other sample rates with external circuitry For more information see Using the Excitation Output as a Switch on page 46 KEY node terminal block x channel number Rx external resistor sensor sensor V sensor signal R1 Sensor power 1 00Q supply VDC pag 1 GND Figure 31 Small Current Measurements W4 LORD MicroStrain A5 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 9 Using the Excitation Output as a Switch At low sampling rates under 32Hz the node automatically switches the excitation voltage output off when the sensor is not being sampled in order to conserve battery life This feature can also be used in applications where a switch is desired such as for turning sensor power on and off when the sensor is powered by the node but has a large current draw It can also be used as a general purpose switch such as for controlling a relay or transistor The same limitations apply as to a sensor the device must operate on 3 V dc and not require more than 50mA when combined with all other sensor current draw To use the excitation output in this way connect the control line of the device example relay coil or NPN transistor base to the excitation pin on the node terminal block SP and reference example other side of the relay coil or the NPN transistor emitter to the node ground pin
43. an omni directional radiation pattern Using any other antenna with the node will void FCC compliance The best method for ensuring optimal radio communication is to conduct an RF survey of the installation site This is easily accomplished in Node Commander by using the range test feature to quantify the radio signal strength RSSI in various scenarios See Range Test on page 32 for instructions on using Node Commander for measuring RSSI The following are general guidelines for maximizing transmission range e Establish Line of Sight LOS between the node and gateway antenna as best as possible Try to avoid obstructions between the antennas such as buildings terrain vegetation or other physical barriers Increase the mounting height of the node to allow a clearer LOS path to the gateway Height above the ground is also important because reflections off of the ground can interfere at the receiver Generally the higher above the ground the better e Minimize Radio Frequency Interference RFI such as other equipment antennas especially those operating in the same frequency range This includes other nodes If other antennas are required nearby mount them at different heights to minimize interference Additionally the specific node frequency is selectable within its operational range using the Node Commander software Set the devices to different transmission frequencies e Minimize Electromagnetic Interference EMI such as that which
44. ance See W u PCuuuEEEEE A AM LT 94 10 Parts and Configurations ese e essel sels e lel 95 10 1 Standard NOB eeu us abang dcn duse a PUB a nad PLE LU AE a 95 10 2 Node Accessories esie eepesecexosexe eorr ere ADA DAADAA DEEDEEDEE KAG HANGGA 96 10 3 Wireless System Equipment 000 0 00 0 eee ese e eme lessen 97 10 4 Product Ordering 1 linca ecco IM crRileeriDac epi 200Rlpc croci e Laaa aao aranan 98 11 Specifications AA 99 11 1 Physical Specifications a apa codi pasma Ere Ee ne o ERE a rero E Prae Et papse a Ra Re Es dd EeAEE 99 11 2 Operating Specifications ae osse eee ceno Eo Dou ies Nakaka pr Ee La enu eic cca vea lalalala 100 11 3 JOWSEPIDUBL e ic exelente uL eL LI LLLI qm LS 102 11 4 Radio Specifications e ese messem Laaa serere rennes 103 12 Safety Information ese esses Rl le ples seis 104 12 1 Battery Hazards 2 sse se se se e ese e sse ses se se se rese 104 12 2 User Configurable Power Settings 0 2 105 W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 12 3 Power SUPP uic execs cecespeh GAGA Baa AhaN GAN Rao OLGA AGE IN NENA E NA onn kaaa laha ddestek nbi seal caedis 106 12 4 ESAU naag REPERTUS 106 13 References secos opea viver kay a Y4NG GALA E gr rci ge eec vl dc MEE b vci 107 13 1 Reference Information 107 13 2 Glossa AA 1
45. and sensor signal voltage cannot exceed the 0 to 3 V dc input range of the analog to digital converter For more information see Differential Input Gain and Offset on page 56 e Single ended sensor signal voltages can only be positive voltages with respect to the system ground and must be between 0 and 3 V dc For single ended sensor signal voltages outside of that range see Measuring Voltages over Three Volts on page 44 Sensor Power e When using the internal node battery as the node power source the total current use for all connected sensors must be less than 50mA If more current is required a higher capacity external power source can be used for the node or the sensor See Sensor Power on page 35 for information about sensor power requirement considerations and options and see Powering the Node on page 71 for information regrading node power options 5 2 Wiring Recommendations In is good practice that all sensor wiring be done with shielded cable The shield is connected to the system ground only at one end to avoid ground loops For sensitive small voltage signals such as strain gauges sensor wire leads should be of matched lengths so the lead resistance for each connection is as close to the other as possible For long lengths of wire a system calibration is recommended over a sensor calibration See Sensor Calibration on page 58 W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting
46. anual Sensor Settings 6 2 2 1 Example Gain and Offset Calculations EXAMPLE 1 Sensor signal range O to 50mV Gain setting 21 Baseline offset range setting Mid range Calculations 50mV 21 1 05V maximum voltage of sensor signal with gain 1 05V 1 5V 2 55V maximum input voltage to node with gain and offset Calculated node input over sensor range 1 5 to 2 55V This is a good setting because the node input voltage is within the O to 3V range EXAMPLE 2 Sensor signal range 0 to 50mV Gain setting 30 Baseline offset range setting Low range Calculations 50mV 30 1 5V maximum voltage of sensor signal with gain 1 5V 75mV 2 25V maximum input voltage to node with gain and offset Calculated node input over sensor range 75mV to 2 25V This may be a better setting than in Example 1 because the gain is higher which could increase the resolution of the measurement The node input voltage is still within the O to 3V range EXAMPLE 3 Sensor signal range 0 to 50mV Gain setting 75 Baseline offset range setting Low range Calculations 50mV 75 3 75V maximum voltage of sensor signal with gain 3 75V 75mV 4 5V maximum input voltage to node with gain and offset Calculated node input over sensor range 75mV to 4 5V This setting will not work because the node input voltage is outside of the O to 3V range W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Ma
47. cale the gained sensor input voltage EU ratio to the node input voltage EU ratio to determine the equivalent node FSO value x 1 9365V 250psi 3V x 250psi 3V 1 9365V x 387 3psi The node converts voltage inputs to A D values For a 16 bit node there are 65536 A D values over the 3V input range Divide the node EU FSO by the A D value to get the ratio or slope of EU to A D value 387 3 psi 65536 bits 0 00591 slope Once the slope is entered the sensor offset value can be measured in a data sampling session such as streaming Sample the sensor channel with no load applied and read the EU value Enter this as a negative value for the offset in order to have it subtracted from readings W4 LORD MicroStrain 92 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 3 3 EXAMPLE Internal Shunt Calibration NODE V Link LXRS 16 bit 65536 A D values CHANNEL TYPE differential analog input 0 to 3 V dc input range SENSOR TYPE strain gauge Wheatstone Bridge full bridge configuration SENSOR PARAMETERS application voltage range 2mV This is the expected output voltage of the strain gauge based on the range of strain being measured in the application and the sensitivity of the gauge volts strain DESIRED OUTPUT engineering units microstrain PROCEDURE 1 Open Node Commander and establish communication with the gateway and node See System Operational Overview on page 11
48. ce and are often expressed in the measurement unit conversion values the only difference being the use of a traceable reference Calibration can be used to account for the variations between individual sensors wiring system l l l l l l l l l Calibration coefficients normalize the sensor output to a known reference l l l l l l l l l ul electronics sensor mounting and environmental conditions l Conversion Formula The conversion formula assumes a linear relationship between the original units such as volts or A D bits and new engineering units such as strain and itis expressed mathematically as y mx b where yis the engineering units at a given point measurement mis the slope of the line that represents the linear ratio x is the original unit value at a given point and bis a unit conversion offset in the case of unit conversions or the fixed zero load offset of the sensor in the case of measurement calibration coefficients Negative values may be entered for any coefficient Slope is the linear scaling slope coefficient The slope is the ratio of original units to new engineering units EU and it is used to convert the sensor measurements The slope conversion value will vary depending on the engineering units desired For example if the original unit is A D values bits and the desired engineering units are acceleration in g W4 LORD MicroStrain mE SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor N
49. connected for non quarter strain gauge bridge applications Single ended sensor input Routed directly to the node analog to digital A D converter Return is node GND Node external power supply An alternate to the node power jack See Powering the Node on page 71 Pin Type power return power input Table 4 Node Pin Descriptions Connecting Sensors 3 V dc maximum combined load on all excitation pins is 50 mA 0 to 3 V dc including gain and offset Wheatstone Bridge compatible sensor with 350 Q or 1000 Q input impedance recommended return 0 to 3 V dc including gain and offset Wheatstone Bridge compatible sensor with 350 Q or 1000 Q input impedance recommended Oto 3 V dc Less than 5 KQ 3 6 to 9 V dc sufficient current capacity for sensors W4 LORD MicroStrain PE SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 7 Differential Input Channels l Differential channels are configured at the time of manufacture with optional Wheatstone Bridge configurations and impedance values and must be connected accordingly For available options see Parts and Configurations on page 95 l l The differential channels provide an input for sensors with a separate analog return The measurements are taken with respect to the analog return instead of the system ground in order to provide better protection for small measurements from EMI
50. ctivating the Node Discovery feature the gateway will link to it and remember the channel setting for future node queries l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l e Manually matching the node and gateway frequency channels is required in some applications For example when sending broadcast messages from the gateway to multiple nodes including the synchronized sampling beacon all nodes must be on the same channel as the gateway in order to receive the broadcast Assigning channels is also a good idea when multiple gateways are attached to one host computer or when other wireless equipment is nearby and frequency or transmission interference may occur W4 LORD MicroStrain 103 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Safety Information 12 Safety Information This section provides a summary of general safety precautions that must be understood and applied during operation and maintenance of components in the LORD MicroStrain Wireless Sensor Network Throughout the manual ANSI Z535 standard safety symbols are used to indicate a process or component that requires cautionary measures 12 1 Battery Hazards ZNWARNING CAUTION BA The SG Link9 LXRS 9 contains an internal rechargeable D W 9 Lithium Polymer battery Lithium Polymer batteries are a fire A and explosion hazard Do not store or operate the node at E temperatures above 212 F 100 C Do not disassemb
51. d result in permanent damage to the device or cause it to not work properly 1 4 node internal source select switch is incorrect When the node is manufactured it is set to internal battery operation but it can be configured to accept an external source When set to accommodate an external source the battery cannot be charged 1 5 node battery is dead If the node power source selector is set to internal and the node will not power on or charge the node battery may need to be replaced Contact LORD MicroStrain Technical Support See Technical Support on page 93 1 6 node battery fault If the battery charge indicator on the node is only dimly illuminated when charging is attempted a battery fault condition has occurred Unplug power and then plug it back in The indicator should turn on brightly indicating charging 1 7 sensors are drawing too much current The node battery can only supply a limited amount of power to the connected sensors If an over current condition occurs the node will shut down Consider powering the node or sensors with an external source W4 LORD MicroStrain e SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting Problem Possible cause and recommended solution 1 8 node or gateway is damaged If all power settings and connections have been verified and the node is still unresponsive contact LORD MicroStrain Technical Support See Technical Support on page 93
52. dings with configurable time durations and intervals Calibration to standardize a measurement by determining the deviation standard and applying a correction or calibration factor Configuration a general term applied to the node indicating how it is set up for data acquisition It includes settings such as sampling mode and rate number of active channels channel measurement settings offsets hardware gain and calibration values Coordinated Universal Time UTC the primary time standard for world clocks and time It is similar to Greenwich Mean Time GMT Cycle Power a command transmitted to the node to re boot it either through a hardware or software switch Data Acquisition the process of collecting data from sensors and other devices Data Logging the process of saving acquired data to the system memory either locally on the node or remotely on the host computer DHCP network Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is the standardized networking protocol used on Internet Protocol IP networks which automatically configures devices that are attached to it by assigning and configuring the device IP address W4 LORD MicroStrain 108 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual References Differential signal is a method of transmitting electrical signals in which they are paired together as a differential pair and measured with reference to each other only This method makes the pair less susceptib
53. e If the information list appears communication has been established Figure 7 Node Discovery Figure 7 Node Discovery W4 LORD MicroStrain 3e SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 5 Channel Configuration The sensor settings are stored in the node memory of the node channel it is connected to Only the channels and configuration options that are available on the type of node being used will appear in the configuration menus 1 Toenter the configuration menu right click on the node name and select Configure 5 Configure Node The Channels tab displays channel options available for the node a Channel Enabled indicates the channel number The check box is used to enable the channel and select it for sampling The icon next to the check box describes the channel type intrinsic to the node being used In the following example Figure 8 Node Channels Menu a1 analog differential channel icon a2 analog single ended channel icon and a3 temperature channel icon b Current channel configuration The Data Output Units Input Range and Label fields describe how the channel is currently configured c Configure Select the channel s Configure button to change the channel parameters such as measurement units gain and offset settings and calibration values The channel must be enabled first by selecting its adjacent check box Channels Streaming
54. e ended channels Power is provided by the node excitation voltage and measured on a single ended input as shown below Reference power supply signals between O and 3 V dc can be measured by connecting directly between the signal input pin Ainx and ground GND Sensors that have voltage requirements outside of the range of the node excitation voltage can be powered externally with another source The sensor output can still be connected directly to the node input as long as it is between 0 and 3 V dc For sensor outputs over 3 V dc see Measuring Voltages over Three Volts on page 44 node terminal block sensor power VDC sensor output sensor sensor GND KEY x channel number x node terminal block sensor power VDC sensor sensor GND Figure 30 0 to 3 V dc Measurements W4 LORD MicroStrain ii SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 8 2 Measuring Voltages over Three Volts Voltages over three volts can be measured with the use of a voltage divider circuit This may be necessary if a sensor is powered from an external source The same circuit can also be used to measure reference power supplies over 3 V dc The value of the voltage divider resistors will need to be determined as required for the application A 10KQ resistor is recommended for the input to the node channel leaving only one resistor to calculate node terminal block
55. ed Stai 25000 Caikrate Shope 0 0870913 p strain bit Residual Offset 180 453 p strain Click Finish to exit the wizard ohm Ga F x Strain Wizard AJD Value bits Click Strain Wizard to run the Strain Wizard Calibrated Value Bits to Strain Slope 0 087091 Offset 180 453003 Conversion Formula output slope bits offset Effective Range 180 5 to 176 2 Strain Figure 51 Completed Strain Wizard 13 Select OK to exit the Channel Configuration window 14 In the Node Configuration window select Apply to write the configuration and calibration values to the node 15 Select OK to exit Configuration Node 372 fh CERDOS Charnes syeaming Smeronied Samping Low Duty Cyde Dataleygng Power Rr info Camel Enabled aune nmmumomms 6500 HEHECOO Figure 52 Apply Node Settings W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Powering the Node 7T Powering the Node Apply only the input voltage range specified for the node in the polarity indicated Failure to do so could result in personal injury and permanent damage to the node see Safety Information on page 104 The node can be powered with either the internal battery or an external source These sources cannot be used simultaneously
56. ed to 31108 The offset for this channel has been updated to 515 u wm Figure 59 Channel Settings W4 LORD MicroStrain 99 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 10 Select the Strain Wizard 11 Select Full Bridge for the Bridge Type and click Next 12 Select Use the Strain Measurement Wizard and click Next 13 Set the following for the Node Tester Board a 86 Number of Active Gauges 4 Gauge Factor 2 Gauge Resistance Enter the node tester board ohm value Shunt Resistance 499000 ohms Please enter the bridge configuration information When done hit the Calibrate button for the changes to take affect and please be patient Number of Active Gauges X Gauge Factor 2 00 X Gauge Resistance 1000 w ohm Shunt Resistance 499000 ohm Simulated Strain 250 00 Slope Residual Offset Select the correct bridge values then click Calibrate Figure 60 Strain Wizard Settings W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 14 Select Calibrate 15 Verify the calibration looks as shown in Figure 61 Strain Gauge Calibration The green line represents the output of the strain gauge With no load applied it should sit near the Auto Balance baseline value as shown and is represented by the red dashed line During calibration a shunt resistance
57. enario the sensor may be installed in final field configuration and the load may be applied with the actual stimulus that the sensor will be monitoring The known load value from the reference device is then plotted against the measured output of the sensor to determine the calibration slope and offset In Node Commander this can be accomplished by taking sensors readings while applying the known loads W4 LORD MicroStrain id SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 3 1 EXAMPLE Lab or Field Calibration The lab and field calibrations use similar methodology See Sensor Calibration on page 58 The primary difference is the traceability and calibration environment Lab calibrations are performed in controlled environments with traceable equipment and procedures Field calibrations are more improvised although calibrated equipment can still be used to improve accuracy NODE V Link LXRS 16 bit 65536 A D values CHANNEL TYPE differential analog input O to 3 V dc input range SENSOR TYPE load cell SENSOR PARAMETERS application voltage range 20mV This is the expected output voltage of the sensor based on the range of force being measured in the application and the sensitivity of the sensor V engineering units DESIRED OUTPUT engineering units EU force Ibs PROCEDURE 1 Open Node Commander and establish communication with the gateway and node see System Operational
58. ensors often utilize a Wheatstone Bridge configuration These sensors are essentially a resistive load that use the bridge configuration to detect very small resistive changes and produce a precise voltage output as a result Some examples include strain gauge elements or strain gauge based sensors such as some load cells and pressure transducers as well as some soil moisture temperature and other sensors For use with the SG Link LXRS sensors with an impedance of 350 or 100092 are recommended Calibration in the Node Commander software for these devices varies depending on the type of sensor and includes using the a calibration wizard for strain gauges The following diagrams show how to connect these types of sensors See Sensor Calibration on page 58 for more information KEY x channel number Rx sensor element or resistor gt variable value node terminal block four element sensor circuit Full Bridge Figure 26 Full Bridge Wiring W4 LORD MicroStrain id SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors KEY x channel number Rx sensor element or resistor gt variable value node terminal block amp internal circuit dual element sensor circuit Half Bridge single element sensor circuit recommended Three Wire Quarter Bridge R3 node terminal block amp internal circuit single element sensor circuit alternate Two Wire Quart
59. er Bridge R3 Figure 27 Half and Quarter Bridge Wiring W4 LORD MicroStrain id SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 7 2 Measuring Small Voltages Some sensor types that have small signal voltages around 20mV or less may be better measured by biasing the sensor signal to the mid range of the node input range with a voltage divider as shown in Figure 28 Small Voltage Measurement Channel configuration will include adjusting the gain setting accordingly in the Node Commander software node terminal block sensor power VDC R1 100KQ sensor signal sensor sensor signal EY x channel number Rx external resistor Figure 28 Small Voltage Measurement W4 LORD MicroStrain ko SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 8 Single Ended Input Channels Single ended channels are designed to measure voltages with reference to the system ground and can accommodate many analog sensors types including accelerometers pressure transducers geophones temperature sensors inclinometers and more These channels can also be used to measure reference voltages Sensors that operate on 3 V dc can be powered with the node excitation voltage Alternately sensors can be powered with an external source For an example of how to connect an external supply see O to 3 V dc Voltage Measurements on page 4
60. es include the slope offset gain scale and formula for converting the sensor A D value bits to engineering units The bits are the digital representation of the sensor voltage output The type of sensor channel and desired engineering units determine what conversion values are available The conversion values are entered via the Node Commander and saved in the node memory for the applicable channel The conversion values can be entered in two menus The channel Configuration menu has more options than the Calibration Coefficients menu but both are acceptable ways to enter the values and formulas 0 2 Nn v vez other v 1 0 3 None vax other x 1 0 Noe gt y x other 0 1 0 7 None y x other yj 1 0 9 None x y x other x 1 0 Figure 35 Abbreviated Conversion Values Menu W4 LORD MicroStrain pi SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings W Base Station Configuration Node 3722 z Ampihed Samples Wireless Samples Dataioggng Poner nr info bits Communication bts Channel Physical Units Conversion Input Data Output Units Channels streaming Synchronized Sampling Low Duty Cycle Label bits 70 mv 21 Conversion Formula output slope bits offset Effective Range 010 6 554e4004 pet In order to report accurate readings many sensors require calibration devi
61. es where the data file will be saved on the host computer Use the Browse button to select a preferred location b Node configuration includes the node serial number sampling settings bandwidth calculation and current status Highlight any node or group of nodes and the Remove Configure and Refresh buttons become active The Configure button opens the node configuration menus to adjust settings as needed and recalculates the node bandwidth Multiple nodes can be configured together by using the Shift or Ctrl key to select them W4 LORD MicroStrain ei SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview Save Location C lProgramData MicroStrainWodeCommander Data Nodes 2 i Node 30252 Type Active Channels Sample Rate Giirk 10G RS 1 S12Hr Unlimited 25 024 1n Network hemm m m a m am e Network Bandwidth 31 28 f aai network configuration J Enable Beacon on Start XN Figure 12 Synchronized Sampling Menu c Lossless enables the lossless data protocol The protocol enables buffering and retransmission of data in order to provide 100 data collection success Using this feature may increase data display latency d High Capacity reduces the transmit rates in order to optimize bandwidth and power savings among nodes with slower sample rates e Network Bandwidth is the total bandwidth used by all the nodes f Enable Be
62. g configuration to occur 2 8 gateway or node is damaged Verify all connections power and settings If available try installing alternate nodes and gateways one at a time to see if the faulty device can be identified If no conclusion can be determined or to send a device in for repair contact LORD MicroStrain Technical Support See Technical Support on page 93 E 3 1 no communication to node or gateway W4 LORD MicroStrain ii SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting Problem Possible cause and recommended solution 3 DATA ACQUISITION Verify connections and power to the node and gateway Verify they are powered on and communicating with the software Enter a configuration menu to verify that the node can be accessed sensor data is missing or incorrect 3 2 sampling settings are incorrect If the sampling mode rate or duration are not performing as expected enter the node configuration menu and verify the sampling settings 3 3 sampling has not started If sampling is occurring the sampling mode will be displayed next to the node name in Node Commander The node device status indicator will also be flashing the sampling mode code If the node is not sampling activate it in the software or with a sample on start up boot sequence 3 4 sensor is not connected correctly Verify sensors connections and wiring For non standard connections contact LORD MicroStra
63. he rated voltage could cause personal injury and permanent damage to the node For important safety considerations see Safety Information on page 104 l l l Touching sensors and test boards or charging the node battery while acquiring data may induce noise on sensitive sensor signals and is not recommended l l 1 Turn the node power switch off and plug the node power supply into the node and then into a 120 240VAC 50 60Hz AC power source Use only the power supply specified for the node Use the supplied power plug adapters as needed 2 Monitor the status of the charge indicators For indicator meaning see Device Status Indicators on page 81 Continue charging until the indicator turns green to indicate a completed charge Charging takes approximately 6 8 hours from a full depletion AC power source p 35 ad NG ay EGG 1 YO Pho gt E Sh gb SS QP amp power supply plug adapter outlet adapters Figure 54 Node Charging W4 LORD MicroStrain ie SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Powering the Node 7 4 Connecting an External Power Supply Apply only the input voltage range specified for the node in the polarity indicated Failure to do so could result in personal injury and permanent damage to the node see Safety Information on page 104 When the internal node switch is set for external power the node may be directly powered by the power supply s
64. ice Menu W4 LORD MicroStrain En SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 27 Device The device list shows every gateway and API device associated with the SensorCloud account including owned shared and demo devices This view provides links to each devices SensorCloud subscription plan device configuration options and a summary of last communications and data transactions Account The account view is for logistic management of the SensorCloud account such as changing the log in password user email and billing information CSV Uploader The data upload feature enables data from any source such as non Ethernet LORD MicroStrain9 gateways or third party sensors to be uploaded for display in SensorCloud The data should be in the LORD MicroStrain CSV format Data The data view is the data visualization page and displays data collected from sensor nodes or uploaded from files Sensor data selections are listed by the node channel or user defined label and can be enabled for display in the graph window The interactive graph has navigational features such as panning zooming and an overview graph for single click access to data points or ranges In the data view there are also data use and management features such as viewing the meta data and downloading embedding and tagging data graphs Figure 18 SensorCloud Data View Figure 1
65. ife e When measuring vibration or other analog signals it is important to use a sample rate at least twice the value of the target measurement frequency This is the minimum sample rate required to produce an accurate digital representation of the measured signal The higher the sample rate the more accurate the digital representation W4 LORD MicroStrain in SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview Sampling settings are accessed through the Configure Node menu There is a tab for each sampling mode available for the particular node Figure 10 Sample Settings Menu Gana greanna Smdronzed Saming Low Duty Cyde Datalogging PPoner RF me FEES Sampling Settings 7 Ll me l le 3 a Options Time Duration 0 195313 sec Percent of Total Bandwidth 25 02 Figure 10 Sample Settings Menu 3 7 Data Acquisition j l l i Once sampling has started it will continue as configured without the need to leave Node Commander open However if the node is powered off and is not configured to sample on boot up data acquisition will end and must be restarted in Node Commander l l l l Touching sensors and test boards or charging the node battery while acquiring data may induce noise on sensitive sensor signals and is not recommended l l When data acquisition is started each of the sampling modes has different menu opti
66. in Technical Support See Technical Support on page 93 W4 LORD MicroStrain m SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 2 Device Status Indicators The following is a complete list of the SG Link LXRS status indicators Indicator Symbol Behavior Node Status OFF No power source detected ON green Charging source detected OFF Node not charging OFF Battery charge source indicator Battery charged indicator ON bright red Node battery charging Node charge status unknown ON green Battery fully charged ON green and Battery fault condition Reset battery charging by unplugging power and then indicator ON red plugging it back in Node OFF or sleeping OFF with Node sleeping with radio check intervals enabled default is occasional flash every 5 seconds Completed charge indicator Tar rapie Hashes Node booting normally and when power is initially applied sending out a status message 1 second pulse Node active and idle Device status indicator Continuously ON hang datalogging or streaming Node is sampling in low duty 1 Hz pulse green f cycle or synchronized sampling Node is sending out Pulses for each communication requests such ping as in ping command range test or EEPROM read write Four to seven slow pulses when power Fault condition is initially applied Table 6 Device Status Indicators W4 LORD MicroStrain al SENSING SYSTEMS
67. ing Sampling Rate the frequency of sampling Single Ended electrical signals that are measured with reference to a system ground Slope When describing a mathematically linear relationship the slope is the steepness of the line that represents that relationship on a graph The equation of a straight line is y mx b where xis the x axis coordinate yis the y axis coordinate mis the slope and bis the offset Streaming Streaming is a sampling mode in which all active channels and the sensors attached to them are measured and the data acquired is transmitted to the gateway and software The data is not written to non volatile memory during streaming Streaming can either be finite have a user defined start and end time or continuous continue until the power is cycled on the node Synchronized Sampling a sampling mode that automatically coordinates all incoming node data to a particular gateway This mode is designed to ensure data arrival and sequence Transmission rate the number of data packets per transmission window in seconds Depending on the sampling mode and settings it will be between 1 and 64 packets second Transmission window the time allowed for one data transmission at the automatically determined transmission rate USB Universal Serial Bus a serial data communications protocol Wheatstone Bridge an electrical circuit used to measure unknown electrical resistances WSN Wireless Sensor Network describes a distrib
68. is completed using Node Commander Gateways with analog outputs can be connected directly to stand alone data acquisition devices for data collection however system configuration will still occur through a USB interface to Node Commander Users can also write custom programs by utilizing the LORD MicroStrain Wireless Sensors Network Software Development Kit see References on page 107 Cc gt 3 connect sensors eut or nodetester board computer or network node node pin 4 number signal communication cable Ce 2D Z power cable as needed 7 not used with USB gateways fF P Ain gateway Figure 3 System Connections W4 LORD MicroStrain id SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 3 Gateway USB Communication The USB gateway is used as an example in this quick start section For information on how to use other gateways refer to the gateway or Node Commander user manual see References on page 107 For USB gateways drivers need to be installed on the host computer These drivers are included with the Node Commander software After the software is installed the USB gateway will be detected automatically when the gateway is plugged in 1 Open the Node Commander software Kac Ba Node Commander 2 Make all hardware connections see System Connections on page 13 Power is applied to the gateway through the USB con
69. is generated by power transmission equipment microwaves power supplies and other electromagnetic sources e Metal Objects in close proximity to either antenna especially ferrous metals such as steel and iron can be problematic for wireless communications The larger the object the greater the influence W4 LORD MicroStrain al SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Node Installation 4 24 Range Test After establishing communication between node and gateway use the range test in Node Commander to monitor the signal strength and to optimally position the nodes gateway and antennas for installation Maximum achievable range is determined by the gateway and node power settings found in the device Configure menu and is highly dependent on the physical environment surrounding the devices 1 Right click on the node header and select Communicate Range Test Communicate Configure Stop Node Load Node Information Power Management Remove Node id Num Triggers 0 Figure 22 Range Test Menu 2 The total RSSI range for the node and gateway is 90 to OdBm The higher the value closer to zero the better but reliable communication can be achieved between 75 dBm and O dBm The devices is still able to communicate between 90 dBm and 75 dBm but it could be intermittent or result in data loss Position the node and gateway antennas where the best RSSI value is observed
70. ized Sampling Low Duty Cycle Datalogging Figure 44 Start Node Streaming W4 LORD MicroStrain M SENSING SYSTEMS Sensor Settings SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 6 The streaming graph shows the bit output of the channel 7 Usinga calibrated tool or some other way of applying and measuring a known load and apply loads to the sensor at a number of intervals over the expected range of use At each of the calibration intervals record the applied force and the corresponding sweep value on the y axis of the graph the A D value output of the sensor a Zoomin and out on the graph by un checking the Auto Y Axis Zoom box and then right clicking on the graph and selecting Zoom In Draw a box around the desired area to zoom in on b Adjust the Y Axis Width from the field next to the Y Axis Zoom c Endsampling by clicking the red X box on the Streaming Graph tab PETERS E FG eG EEE EGY f 4 2 Figure 45 Node Sampling W4 LORD MicroStrain ee SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 8 After making all measurements calculate a slope from the data using the formula y mx b in a data analysis program such as Microsoft Excel See Calculating a Linear Slope on page 54 9 Return to the Node Configuration screen for the sensor channel and select the Conversion Coefficients Class and Units and enter the Slope and Offset values derived in the
71. l data collection visualization analysis and remote management tool It is based on cloud computing technology and is accessed directly from a web connection Because it is web based SensorCloud requires no installation For more information see Data Handling on page 25 W4 LORD MicroStrain le SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 2 System Connections To acquire sensor data the following components are needed user supplied external sensors as applicable a LORD MicroStrain wireless sensor node a LORD MicroStrain9 data gateway and a local or networked host computer with access to the data acquisition software such as Node Commander and SensorCloud For a connections overview refer to Figure 3 System Connections Nodes will communicate with any LORD MicroStrain data gateway The sensor node gateway and software selection is application dependent but the basic interfaces are the same Communication protocols between the gateway and host computer vary depending on which model gateway is used but they all require interface to a host computer or network The WSDA Base 10x LXRS gateway utilizes local serial connections to the host computer such as RS232 and USB and interfaces with the Node Commander software The WSDA 1500 LXRS gateway utilizes Ethernet communications and can be used with Node Commander and SensorCloud although system configuration
72. le short circuit crush puncture or otherwise misuse the battery When recharging the node internal battery use only the power supply specified for node charging and follow the amp Wy D instructions See Charging the Node Battery on page 74 FIT A Applying a voltage above the input range may result in dangerous battery conditions and cause permanent damage to the node Lithium Polymer batteries contain toxic chemicals that are harmful to humans and the environment Disposal is subject aa to federal and local laws Do not discard the battery or the E node in the trash Follow proper battery disposal protocol or contact LORD MicroStrain 9 Technical Support for information on extracting the battery or returning the product for proper recycling and disposal W4 LORD MicroStrain we SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Safety Information 12 2 User Configurable Power Settings The SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node can be powered by either the internal battery or an external source There is user accessible switch to select the source The default setting for this switch is for internal battery operation and charging See Selecting the Power Source on page 72 W e Connecting an external power source when the node is set to F3 internal power could result in injury or permanent node damage For details on how to adjust the switch setting see Connecting an External Power Supply on page 75 e
73. le to electrical noise EMI Electromagnetic Interference is an inductive or radiated disturbance that can create signal degradation on electrical signals including loss of data ESD Electrostatic Discharge is the sudden flow of electricity that can occur between two charged objects of different potential that come in contact or in close proximity of each other Static electricity is a common source of ESD Firmware the code that is programmed onto a microcontroller or similar device in an embedded system that includes device operation commands conditions memory allocation and many other tasks Gateway The gateway is a transceiver that attaches to the host computer and provides communication between the software and the node s It is also known as a base station Host computer The host computer is the computer that orchestrates command and control of attached devices or networks LED Light Emitting Diode is an indicator light that is used in electronic equipment LOS Line of Sight is used in radio communications to describe the ideal condition between transmitting and receiving antennas in a radio network As stated it means they are in view of each other with no obstructions LXRS Lossless Extended Range Synchronized is the LORD MicroStrain data communications protocol used in the wireless sensor network NIST The National Institute of Standards and Testing is a nationally accepted organization for testing and c
74. lock Shunt calibration Internal shunt calibration resistor 499 KO differential channel SensorCloud Node Commander Windows XP Vista 7 Data communications protocol available with EEPROM maps Software development kit SDK and sample code OS and computing platform independent http www microstrain com wireless sdk FOG U S 1G Canada CE ROHS W4 LORD MicroStrain Na SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Specifications Average current draw mA 113 Power Profile Node power use is highly dependent on the number and type of sensors connected and operational parameters such as sample mode and rate More active channels and higher sample rates equate to increased power use Below is an example approximation of the power use of a SG Link LXRS with different strain gauge sensor configurations over a range of sample rates operating in Synchronized Sampling mode This chart can be used to approximate external node power source requirements For SG Link LXRS internal battery life specifications see Using the Internal Node Battery on page 73 SG Link LXRS Example Power Profile 25 Synchronized Sampling Transmit Only 20 1 1 35001 ch i 1000 Q 1 ch 15 10 0 t T T t t 1 Sleep 1sample 1Hz 2Hz 4Hz 8Hz 16Hz 32Hz 64Hz 128Hz 256Hz 512Hz Sample Rate Figure 67 Example SG Link LXRS Power Profile W4 LORD MicroStrain we SENSING SYSTEMS
75. many nodes of any type and multiple gateways can be managed from one computer with the Node Commander and SensorCloud software platforms Integration to customer systems can be accomplished using OEM versions of the sensor nodes and leveraging the LORD MicroStrain data communications protocol Common wireless applications of the LORD MicroStrain Sensing Systems are strain sensor measurement accelerometer platforms vibration monitoring energy monitoring environmental monitoring and temperature monitoring W4 LORD MicroStrain d SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Node Overview 2 Node Overview The SG Link LXRS wireless sensor node features two analog input channels designed to accommodate a wide range of Wheatstone bridge and analog sensors including strain load cell torque pressure acceleration vibration magnetic field displacement geophones and more There is one channel for single ended sensor measurement one channel for differential sensor measurement and an on board internal temperature sensor SG Link LXRS inputs are 12 bit resolution with 0 1 full scale measurement accuracy The node can log data to internal memory transmit real time synchronized data and it supports event driven triggers with both pre and post event buffers To acquire sensor data the SG Link LXRS is used with any LORD MicroStrain data gateway such as the WSDA Base 10x LXRS and WSDA
76. mber of Active Gauges 4 pa Gauge Factor 2 00 v Gauge Resistance 1000 v ohm Shunt Resistance 499000 ohm Simulated Strain 250 00 Calibrate Slope 0 0380749 p strain bit Residual Offset 1184 4 p strain Click Finish to exit the wizard Figure 62 Completed Strain Wizard 17 Select OK to exit the channel Configuration window 18 In the Node Configuration window select the Streaming tab Uncheck Continuous Streaming and set the Time Duration to 15 seconds 19 Select Apply to write configuration and calibration values to the node Select OK to exit l l l Touching sensors and test boards or charging the node battery while acquiring data may induce noise on sensitive sensor signals and is not recommended l l l l i i There are many sampling options available in the Node Commander software The following describes just one option for illustrative purposes l l W4 LORD MicroStrain op SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 20 Right click on the Node heading and then select Sample 5 Stream 5 Start 21 As soon as Start is selected the node will start collecting data for a duration of 15 seconds During that time press and release the load button on the node tester board to shunt the resistive load on and off Verify the result is as shown in the figure below The pulse value should equal tester board ohm value Testing is complete
77. n board internal temperature sensor Differential channels may need to be factory set to work for specific types of sensors For information about channel configurations see Differential Input Channels on page 38 For ordering information see Parts and Configurations on page 95 5 1 Sensor Requirements Below are guidelines for selecting sensors for use with the SG Link LXRS For interfacing with sensors outside of these parameters or not included in the examples in the following sections contact Technical Support see Technical Support on page 93 Sensor Impedance Differential input sensors for a standard SG Link LXRS should have an impedance of either 350 Q or 1000 Q Sensors that are 120Q are not recommended For half bridge and quarter bridge configurations the node impedance value is set to W4 LORD MicroStrain m SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors match the sensor when the node is manufactured and must be specified at the time of order For more information see Parts and Configurations on page 95 Custom bridge completion impedance values are available on request e Single ended sensor inputs must have impedance that is less than 5KQ Sensor Signal Voltage e Differential sensor inputs include a hardware gain and offset stage before the sensor input signal is processed by the analog to digital voltage converter within the node The combination of the gain offset
78. n specified at the beginning of sampling as applicable W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview The default directory is C ProgramData Microstrain NodeCommander SampledData Different sampling modes will output different file types and they will be categorized in separate folders by sampling mode and then further categorized by date session and or node serial number Synchronized sampling and low duty cycle files are found in the Sampled Data folder Datalogging files need to be downloaded from the node before they are available for viewing and can be accessed through datalogging menus as well as the File menu They are stored by default in the Downloaded Triggers folder Streaming data is stored in the Streaming folder i Upload Data to SensorCloud i Exit 2 9 Node 372 NG Favorites s Ji Downloaded Triggers S3 Libraries Ji Sampled Data fW Computer E Local Disk C File Edit View Tools Help Organizer fX Open Print Bum Newfolder Tr Favorites nae BE Desktop Ei Master_09 30 2013 T19_46_08 csv 237 KB J Downloads GQ Node372 csv KB JU Recent Places GQ Sensorinfo 09 30 2013 T19 46 08 csv 1KB Ei SyncNetworkinfo 09 30 2013 T19 46 08 9 30 2013 3 46 PM 1 KB Ga Libraries Documents a Music mo Pictures Bl Videos jM Computer Bka Local Disk C Figure 20 Exploring Data l
79. nalog 1 channel Integrated sensors Internal temperature 1 channel Half and 1 4 bridge 350 Q or 1000 Q completion on any or all channels custom gain custom anti aliasing filter extended operating temperature g force and environmental packaging low RF radiated power 2M bytes up to 1 000 000 data points data type dependent Analog Input Channels Differential full bridge 2 350 Q factory configurable Single ended 0 to 3 V dc Accuracy x 0 196 full scale typical Resolution 12 bit Single pole Butterworth 3 dB cutoff 250 Hz factory configurable NA 3 V dc 50 mA total for all channels Erlageexotaon yollage pulsed sample rates 16 Hz to conserve power Measurement gain andi offset User selectable in software on differential channels g gain values from 104 to 1800 Integrated Temperature Channel Measurement range 40 C to 85 C 2 C at 25 C typical Resolution 12 bit Sampling modes Synchronized low duty cycle datalogging Continuous sampling 1 sample hour to 512 Hz Sampling rates Periodic burst sampling 32 Hz to 4096 Hz Datalogging 32 Hz to 4096 Hz Options Data storage capacity Measurement range Anti aliasing filter bandwidth Sample rate stability Up to 2000 nodes per RF channel and per gateway depending on the number of active channels and sampling settings Refer to the system bandwidth calculator http www microstrain com configure your system Network capacity S
80. nd for RMA items is seven days from receipt of item by LORD MicroStrain Warranty Repairs LORD MicroStrain warrants its products to be free from defective material and workmanship for a period ofone 1 year from the original date of purchase LORD MicroStrain will repair or replace at its discretion a defective product if returned to LORD MicroStrain within the warranty period This warranty does not extend to any LORD MicroStrain products which have been subject to misuse alteration neglect accident incorrect wiring mis programming or use in violation of operating instructions furnished by us It also does not extend to any units altered or repaired for warranty defect by anyone other than LORD MicroStrain Non Warranty Repairs All non warranty repairs replacements include a minimum charge If the repair replacement charge exceeds the minimum LORD MicroStrain will contact the customer for approval to proceed beyond the minimum with the repair replacement W4 LORD MicroStrain is SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 6 Technical Support There are many resources for product support found on the LORD MicroStrain website including technical notes FAQs and product manuals http www microstrain com support overview aspx For further assistance our technical support engineers are available to help with technical and applications questions Technical Suppor
81. ne Product Datasheets http www microstrain com wireless sensors Product Manuals and Technical Notes http www microstrain com support docs Product Application Notes http www microstrain com applications NIST Calibration Procedures http www nist gov calibrations http www astm org Standard standards and publications html ASTM Testing Procedures LORD MicroStrain Wireless Sensors Network Software Development Kit http www microstrain com wireless sdk Table 10 Related Documents W4 LORD MicroStrain me SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual References 13 2 Glossary These terms are in common use throughout the manual AID Value the digital representation of the analog voltages in an analog to digital A D conversion The accuracy of the conversion is dependent on the resolution of the system electronics higher resolution produces a more accurate conversion Also referred to as bits ASTM The Association of Standards and Testing is a nationally accepted organization for the testing and calibration of technological devices Base Station The base station is the transceiver that attaches to the host computer and provides communication between the software and the node s It is also referred to as a gateway Bits the digital equivalent of voltage on the node See A D Value Burst Sampling a mode of operation in synchronized sampling that takes momentary high sample rate rea
82. nection Verify the gateway status indicator is illuminated 3 Open Node Commander 4 When connected the gateway should appear in the Controller window automatically with a communication port assignment Figure 4 USB Gateway Communication If itis not automatically discovered verify the port is active te Base Station Com 3 Figure 4 USB Gateway Communication W4 LORD MicroStrain 4 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 4 Connect to Nodes To establish communication with the nodes in Node Commander several methods can be used This quick start section covers the two simplest methods for establishing node communication adding a node by address and by using the node discovery feature 3 4 14 Adding a Node by Address Adding a node by address requires the node to be on the same communication frequency as the gateway The node address and frequency are indicated in the documentation included with the node when it is purchased 1 To adda node by address right click on the gateway name in the Controller window and select Add Single Node Figure 5 Adding a Node by Adaress 2 Enter the node address and select OK If the node is not found a message will appear and provide the option to scan for the node on other frequencies Once communication has been established additional node information can be viewed by selecting the symbol next to the
83. node name El Node Command i Ele Edit View Launch Application Help om maang MANE Beacon is assum e on channel 15 2 425 Ghz Figure 5 Adding a Node by Address 3 4 2 Using Node Discovery The node discovery feature allows connection between the gateway and node to occur even if they are on different frequencies To connect to nodes using node discovery the nodes must initially be powered off W4 LORD MicroStrain 1 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview not in normal boot up mode the assigned one can be bypassed to enable node I l I l I l l l Automatic node discovery may not work in some boot up modes If the node is l l l I l l discovery For more information see Troubleshooting on page 76 l l l Figure 6 Adding a Node in Node Commander 2 Turn the node on with the node power switch During power up the node will transmit a message with its operating frequency within a few seconds 3 When the device status indicator on the node ends the rapid flash sequence and begins pulsing at one second intervals it has completed the normal boot up sequence and is running in idle mode At this point the node should be listed in the Controller window and scanning can be stopped by selecting the Stop button in the Node Discovery window Additional node information can be viewed by selecting the symbol next to the node nam
84. nual Sensor Settings 6 3 Sensor Calibration Many sensors require calibration coefficients to accurately report measurements Methods for determining the calibration coefficients depend on the type of sensor measurement and application The Node Commander software facilitates multiple calibration methods Calibration calculators for some applications are also available by contacting LORD MicroStrain Technical Support See Technical Support on page 93 e Sensor manufacturer s specifications or calibration The slope and offset values or the data to derive them are provided with the sensor by the manufacturer to prove its accuracy and describe expected voltage output Some sensors are calibrated individually while others are manufactured to a standard sensitivity value plus or minus some tolerance which is provided in the device specifications e Sensor lab calibration If the manufacturer s calibration is not available or outdated calibration of the sensor can be performed with calibrated equipment in a controlled environment The calibration equipment and process will typically be traceable to an industry standard such as NIST or ASTM in the United States Fixed loads are applied to the sensor while the sensor output is recorded The load is applied or measured by a calibrated reference device The known load value from the calibrated device is then plotted against the measured output of the sensor to determine the calibration slope and
85. o the designated scale e Low is for positive going signals zero at 25 of total range e Highis for negative going signals zero at 75 of total range e Midscale is for positive and negative going signals zero at 50 of range E Streaming Graph Real time Streaming Graph Com 3 Node 31463 Frequency 24 JURE m c mm m RT low scale KH sensor no load measurement auto balanced to low scale Figure 37 Offset Scale Setting W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 2 1 Calculating a Linear Slope A data analysis tool such as Microsoft Excel can be used determine the slope of a linear relationship between sensor output A D value bits and engineering units This is not a calibration unless a calibrated reference device is used to measure the applied loads For information and examples for determining calibrations coefficients see Sensor Calibration on page 58 Here is an example using Excel 1 Open a blank spreadsheet 2 Enter the A D value bits measurements and applied load in the desired engineering units in two columns Enter A D value is in the left column x axis value and the applied load in the right y axis value 3 Fromthe Insert menu select Chart Scatter Select the preferred format e3 id o0 c slope calcis AN Home Insert Page Layout Form
86. ode User Manual Sensor Settings force the slope conversion would describe how many bits equal one unit of g force bits g Mathematically the slope is min the formula y mx b Offset is the linear scaling offset coefficient and it is typically the starting output value of the sensor with no load applied in the original units Mathematically the offset is bin y mx b Effective Range the effective range is the calculated sensor measurement range in engineering units EU The effective range is dependent on the slope offset and resolution of the node The effective range is the number of bits per EU unit slope multiplied by the total number of bits minus the offset if applicable Input Range Gain This sets the amplification of the signal within the node and is only available for channels with differential inputs and gain amplifiers Offset Scale with Auto Balance This feature is only available for channels with differential inputs and assigns the position and value of the no load measurement of the sensor The offset scale level adjusts the operating window of the sensor measurements in reference to the entire range For example in mid scale the sensor no load measurement will be placed in the middle of the range providing 5096 of the range for positive readings and 50 of the range for negative readings Once the scale level is selected the Auto Balance procedure is used to assign the actual sensor no load measurement t
87. offset IN Node Commander this can be accomplished by taking sensor readings while applying the known loads Sensor wiring tolerances in system electronics and differences in mounting techniques are examples of systemic variables that can influence the sensor readings Sensors that are making small measurements or are otherwise sensitive to these slight differences may benefit from a system calibration The following techniques are system calibrations e System shunt calibration internal and external This option is only available for Wheatstone bridge type sensors such as strain gauges and utilizes a calibration wizard in Node Commander In the shunt calibration process an internal or external precision resistor is used to load part of the sensor bridge while the sensor remains unloaded The bridge output is measured and used as a loaded calibration point for the sensor In addition to the no load value it can be used to derive the calibration slope and offset The internal shunt resistor is suitable for most applications however an external shunt may be beneficial in high gain scenarios W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings e System field calibration The field calibration is a similar methodology to the sensor lab calibration Known loads are applied to the sensor while the sensor output is recorded The load is applied or measured by a reference device In this sc
88. on Full Bridge ON Half Bridge OFF Quarter Bridge Table 7 Tester Board Configuration W4 LORD MicroStrain BE SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting The following steps describe an example of how to use the tester board to sequence through the primary functions of the node and the wireless system If the results indicated in the final steps are achieved the system is fully operational for measuring a full bridge strain gauge Other scenarios can be tested as needed 1 Set the jumpers for Full Bridge operation using a small flat head screw driver to fully push the switch into the desired position 2 Verify the node is powered off and unplugged 3 Plug the node tester board into the node in the orientation shown and screw the board in place board Figure 56 Node Tester Board Installation 4 If not already completed set up the Wireless Sensor Network equipment and install the Node Commander software See System Operational Overview on page 1 1 5 Launch theNode Commander software and establish communications with the gateway and node W4 LORD MicroStrain 5 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 6 Enter the node channel configuration menu by right clicking on the node heading in Node Commander 9 and selecting Configure Configure Node and then the Channels tab amp Base Station Com 3 H S Node
89. ons Channel Description Pin Nomenclature as differential channel reserved To BN on board temperature sensor channel Pm aa single ended channel Table 1 Channel Designations W4 LORD MicroStrain 99 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Connecting Sensors 5 5 Terminal Block Connections When inserting the sensor leads into the terminal block ensure the lead wire is being clamped under the terminal screw and not the lead insulation If the sensor wires are a very fine gauge folding and tinning them may be useful to provide more area for the terminal screw to make contact Failure to provide adequate connection may result in erroneous data Figure 24 Terminal Block Numbering IN oYo H adie Number signal Table 3 Terminal Block Connections W4 LORD MicroStrain d SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 5 6 Pin Descriptions Description Sensor excitation Power to external sensors At sampling rates under 32Hz it is only active when the node is sampling the sensors Differential sensor input Positive input to the node programmable gain amplifier PGA Used with S Differential sensor input Negative input to the node programmable gain amplifier PGA Used with S Return For node power and sensor excitation Three wire input Used only for three wire configuration of quarter bridge strain gauge bridges Leave un
90. ons and views Some have a settings menu before data acquisition begins and may include a data list W4 LORD MicroStrain ee SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview view and or a graph view The following is an example of Synchronized Sampling Figure 11 Starting a Sampling Session For more information about synchronized sampling and using the gateway beacon see Data Acquisition on page 20 For more information about other sampling modes refer to the Node Commander user manual see References on page 107 To start a sampling session nodes can be selected individually or as a group When selected as a group they will all be set to the same sampling mode Right click on the nodes and select Sample The menus are different depending on which method is selected Ke Base Station Com 3 s P Node 3141 Base v 5 9 lU amp Station Com 3 Sample gt Synchronized Sampling Communicate Low Duty Cycle Trigger Datalogging Download Triggers Configure Figure 11 Starting a Sampling Session When a synchronized sampling session is started the sampling menu appears and includes settings to enable optional sampling features configure nodes and specify where the data is saved The built in bandwidth calculator displays the total bandwidth used by the nodes selected for synchronized sampling Figure 12 Synchronized Sampling Menu a Save Location indicat
91. ower and mounting holes for device installation The radio frequency RF antenna is internal to the node The indicators on the SG Link LXRS include a device status indicator a battery charging indicator a completed charge indicator and a charge source indicator The following table describes basic indicator behavior During data acquisition the device status indicator has other sequences see Device Status Indicators on page 81 pod NU indicators mounting holes ON OFF switch power source gt switch terminal block power jack BOTTOM VIEW Figure 2 Interface and Indicators Indicator Symbol Behavior Node Status Battery charge No power source detected source indicator Charging source detected indicator ON bright red Node battery charging OFF Node charge status unknown Completed Battery fully charged Arp ON green and Battery fault condition reset by charge indicator battery charging unplugging power and then indicator ON red plugging it back in i OFF NodeOFF i Device status a indicat Rapid flashing Node booting up macaan 1 second pulse Node active and idle Table 2 Indicator Behaviors W4 LORD MicroStrain n SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual System Operational Overview 3 System Operational Overview The SG Link LXRS contains an internal rechargeable Lithium Polymer Li Po battery For important precautions see Safety Information on p
92. pecified for charging the node or another regulated AC to DC power supply with the appropriate output parameters see Operating Specifications on page 100 It can also be powered by an external battery or other regulated DC supply The supply must deliver a stable voltage between 3 2 and 9 0 V dc and be capable of sourcing at least 100 mA Power supplies over 9 V dc such as vehicle batteries can be used by installing a step down regulator for SG Link LXRS power use specifications see Power Profile on page 102 External battery holders and ruggedized outdoor housings that accommodate D cell batteries are available for the SG Link LXRS see Node Accessories on page 96 External power is applied through either the power supply jack or the terminal block connectors Do not connect both Observe connection polarities or the node may be damaged terminal block terminal block signal number 9 w power jack power jack pin sum Figure 55 External Power Connections W4 LORD MicroStrain m SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 8 Troubleshooting 8 1 Troubleshooting Guide 1 POWER gateway or node does not turn on or node does not charge 2 COMMUNICATION no communication to 3 DATA ACQUISITION sensor data is missing the gateway or node or incorrect akal node or gateway power is off Dell node or gateway has no
93. power 3d no com to node or gateway 12 2 2 3 2 external power gateway has sampling is off or no com with settings are miswired computer incorrect T3 wrong power supply 2 3 node cannot be configured 3 3 sampling has not started 1 4 node internal source select is incorrect 2 4 node is out of range 3 4 sensor is not connected correctly 1 5 node battery is dead 2 5 node is not in normal boot mode 3 5 sensor channel not configured correctly 1 6 node battery fault 2 6 node is sampling 3 6 sensor calibration is invalid 7 sensors are drawing too much current 2 7 node is sleeping 1 8 node or gateway is damaged 2 8 gateway or node is damaged W4 LORD MicroStrain m SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting Problem Possible cause and recommended solution 1 1 node or gateway power is off 1 POWER The status indicator LED on the device may be off Turn the gateway or node does device on and the status indicator LED should illuminate not turn on or node 1 2 external power is off or miswired does not charge Verify the device power source is connected correctly and powered on 1 3 wrong power supply Using a power supply other than the one specified for the device or an external supply that is outside of the device operating range coul
94. selecting on the Parameters page is applied across the strain bridge shown by the square pulse on the output The Offset value shown with the dashed blue line is the average output value of the pulse and should sit across the top of the pulse If the gauge has not had to time to equilibrate before sampling or varying environmental factors exist spikes in the gauge output may occur and affect the Baseline and Offset values If this occurs the Offset and Baseline values can be adjusted to clip the spikes in the output values Adjust them as needed and select Accept when completed Shunt Calibration Graph p Shunt Calibration Node 31463 Channel 1 Com 3 moa o oo Offset 30000 Gauge Output 250009 m a ABE Qo Baseline 20000 5000 4 Sweep Value 10000 4 50004 07 I 1 1 I 1 I 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Sweep Number To accept calibration click Accept Baseline 31107 Offset 24541 Stop Accept Cancel D Figure 61 Strain Gauge Calibration W4 LORD MicroStrain oF SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Troubleshooting 16 Select Finish to end the Strain Wizard Note that the slope and offset values have been calculated LORD Strain Wizard L2 Please enter the bridge configuration information When done hit the Calibrate button for the changes to take affect and please be patient Nu
95. sit near the Auto Balance baseline value represented by the red dashed line During calibration a shunt resistance selected on the Parameters page is applied across the strain bridge shown by the square pulse on the output The Offset value shown with the dashed blue line is the average output value of the pulse and should sit across the top of the pulse If the gauge has not had to time to equilibrate before sampling or if varying environmental factors exist spikes in the gauge output may occur and affect the Baseline and Offset values If this occurs the Offset and Baseline values can be adjusted to clip the spikes in the output values Adjust them as needed and select Accept when completed Shunt Calibration Graph Shunt Calibration Node 372 Channel 1 Com 3 Gauge Output Baseline I I 1 1 300 400 500 600 700 Sweep Number To accept calibration click Accept Baseline 2072 Offset 4084 Figure 50 Strain Gauge Calibration W4 LORD MicroStrain go SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 12 Select Finish to end the Strain Wizard Note the slope and offset values have been calculated automatically Please enter the bridge configuration information When done hit the Calibrate button for the changes to take affect and please be patient Number of Active Gauges 4 Gauge Factor 200 Gauge Resistance 1000 ohm Shunt Resistance 499000 Simdat
96. ss Sensor Node User Manual Parts and Configurations 10 2 Node Accessories The following parts are available for use with the SG Link LXRS For the most current product information custom and OEM options not listed below refer to the LORD MicroStrain website or contact the LORD MicroStrain Sales Department See Product Ordering on page 98 Description Part Number plug adapters IP66 NEMAA rated rugged outdoor enclosure IP66 NEMAA rated rugged outdoor enclosure for SG Link LXRS with three D cell battery capacity D cell battery tray for use with wireless nodes indoor use AA cell battery tray for use with wireless nodes indoor use Lithium D cell battery 19 Ah capacity 6302 0000 Lithium AA cell battery 2 Ah capacity 6302 0100 Table 8 Node Accessories LORD MicroStrain W4 LORD MicroStrain se SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Parts and Configurations 10 3 Wireless System Equipment The following system parts are available for use with the SG Link LXRS For the most current product information custom and OEM options not listed below refer to the LORD MicroStrain website or contact the LORD MicroStrain Sales Department See Product Ordering on page 98 LORD Model Description MicroStrain Part Number WSDA 1500 SK_ Ethernet Data Gateway Starter Kit 68141501 NodeCommander Sofiware 8301 0300 SensorCloud Software Subscription om contact LO
97. t sensing support LORD com Phone 802 862 6629 Fax 802 863 4093 SKYPE microstrain wireless support Live Chat is available from the website during business hours 9 00 AM to 5 00 PM Eastern Time US amp Canada W4 LORD MicroStrain id SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Maintenance 9 Maintenance There are no user serviceable parts on the SG Link LXRS For device service and repair contact LORD MicroStrain Technical Support see Technical Support on page 93 W4 LORD MicroStrain oF SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Parts and Configurations 10 Parts and Configurations 10 1 Standard Nodes For the most current product information custom and OEM options not listed below refer to the LORD MicroStrain website or contact the LORD MicroStrain Sales Department LORD Model Number Description MicroStrain Part Number e One differential analog channel e One single ended analog channel SG LINK LXRS 6308 3000 e Internal temperature sensor Configuration Options Required for use Specify at time of order e Full bridge configuration on differential channels e 3500 or 10000 half bridge completion on differential channels e 3500 or 10000 quarter bridge completion on differential channels e High g force option Node operates in gravitational forces in excess of 550 g W4 LORD MicroStrain o SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wirele
98. t of the connected sensor within the O to 3V range of the node input The range of A D counts that corresponds with the O to 3V node input depends on the resolution of the node For example a 12 bit node will have a full scale bit range of 4096 and a 16 bit node will have a full scale bit range of 65535 A mid range setting positions the baseline offset in the middle of the range 1 5V or full scale bits 1 2 and is used for sensors with negative and positive going signals The low range setting positions the baseline offset in the bottom quarter range 75mV or full scale bits 1 4 and is used for sensors with mostly positive going signals The high range setting positions the baseline offset in the top quarter of the range 2 25V or full scale bits 3 4 and is used for mostly negative going signals 3V 65535 Streaming Graph Real time Streaming Graph Com 3 Node 31463 Frequency 24 ENS highscale offset EINE sensor effective range for positive going signals increased signal gain uses more of midscale offset range andincreases measurement resolution Be REG E low scale offset lt V ip aes sensor no load measurement auto balanced to low scale Figure 41 Differential Input Resolution and Offset 16 bit Node typical nodeinput range in volts A D counts 2 8 E 3 i W4 LORD MicroStrain 7 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User M
99. ter the slope and offset as the conversion values for the sensor channel under the applicable engineering units In this example enter 0 1338 for the slope and 282 36 for the offset for the pounds units conversion values on the measured channel l A B c D E MEN G H l J measured bits 2033 2069 2108 2213 applied pounds 0 5 10 25 y 0 1388x 282 36 T T 2100 2150 T 1 2200 2250 Series1 Linear Series1 Figure 40 Slope and Offset Values W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings 6 2 2 Differential Input Gain and Offset The combination of the gain offset and sensor signal cannot exceed the 0 to 3 V dc input of the analog to digital converter within the node See Example Gain and Offset Calculations on page 57 e Resolution Applying gain to the sensor signal can be used to maximize the measurement resolution The more of the range that is used the more digital counts are available to measure the signal which typically means higher resolution measurements Limitations to the gain adjustment are the sensor s measurement capabilities and the O to 3V input range of the node The signal produced after gain is applied to the sensor at full scale must not exceed the input range of the node e Offset Scale The scale setting positions the no load measuremen
100. tery For important precautions see Safety Information on page 104 When the internal node switch is set for internal power the node is powered by a rechargeable 250 mAH lithium polymer battery This battery is not user serviceable Node battery life is highly dependent on the type of sensor connected as well as operational parameters such as sample mode and rate Higher sample rates equate to decreased battery life The following graph shows an example approximation of the battery life for a SG Link LXRS with different strain gauge sensor configurations over a range of sample rates operating in Synchronized Sampling mode For additional SG Link LXRS power specifications see Power Profile on page 102 Battery life approximation for the SG Link LXRS 250mAH internal battery 6000 Synchronized Sampling Transmit Only 5000 4000 2 3 o EZ o 3000 Pag o g 2 2000 8 amp 1000 0 1sample 512Hz 256Hz 128Hz 64Hz 32Hz 16Hz 8Hz Sleep 100001ch 17 28 38 39 40 178 330 621 i210 531 2281 5 354 3500 1ch 12 16 19 19 20 125 229 487 i019 531 5 037 5 069 Sample Rate W4 LORD MicroStrain p SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Powering the Node 7 3 Charging the Node Battery Use only the power supply specified for the node to charge the battery Using a power supply above t
101. there is switch on the node to select which source to use When the node is manufactured the switch is set to operate using the internal battery External battery holders and a ruggedized outdoor housing that accommodates two D cell batteries are also available for the SG Link LXRS and can be used to extend battery operating capacity and duration For more information see Node Accessories on page 96 W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Powering the Node 7A Selecting the Power Source The SG Link LXRS contains an internal rechargeable Lithium Polymer Li Po battery For important precautions see Safety Information on page 104 There is user accessible switch to select the power source 1 Verify the node power switch is in the OFF position and no external power is applied 2 Use a small flat head screwdriver to push the recessed switch fully to the desired position as indicated in Figure 53 Power Source Selection The figure shows the node configured for an internal power source power source selector switch BOTTOM VIEW EXTERNAL switch position INTERNAL BATTERY Figure 53 Power Source Selection W4 LORD MicroStrain fe SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Powering the Node 7 2 Using the Internal Node Battery The SG Link LXRS contains an internal rechargeable Z WARNING Lithium Polymer Li Po bat
102. tion against excessive currents short circuits and ground faults Failure to do so could result in personal injury and permanent damage to the device For details on how to connect the power supply see Connecting an External Power Supply on page 75 12 4 ESD Sensitivity The SG Link LXRS is susceptible to damage and or disruption of normal operation from Electrostatic Discharge ESD particularly during data acquisition AXCAUTION Be ESD damage can occur when the device is touched especially at NP the device interfaces such as the antenna and connectors Use Q J A proper grounding techniques when handling If an ESD event t occurs and operation has been interrupted reset the device by cycling power to it and or restarting the operational mode in the system software W4 LORD MicroStrain 106 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual References 13 References 13 1 Reference Information Many references are available on the LORD MicroStrain9 website including product user manuals technical notes and quick start guides These documents are continuously updated and new applications are added They may provide more accurate information than printed or file copies Document Where to find it Node Commander Software User i http www microstrain com support docs Manual SensorCloud http www sensorcloud com system Overview overview MathEngine Overview http www sensorcloud com mathengi
103. turer data lab or field custom calibration analog other Wheatstone Bridge g force differential sensors such as input A D value some pressure sensors volts user entry from some force sensors i manufacturer custom data lab or field some mass sensors l din English and metric calibration some displacement sensors measurements for mass pressure some accelerometers force distance and W4 LORD MicroStrain a SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Sensor Settings example external sensors calibration cha l NE Re options units some temperature sensors temperature 4 20mA sensors volts user entry from manufacturer data lab or field custom calibration analog sensors with voltage outputs single ended referenced to the system A D value input ground temperature user entry from manufacturer data lab or field custom calibration thermocouple thermocouples A D value Table 5 Example External Sensor Types W4 LORD MicroStrain te SENSING SYSTEMS Sensor Settings SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 6 1 Measurement Units Sensor measurement units are set in the channel Configuration menu 1 To enter the Configuration menu right click on the Node heading and select Configure 5 Configure Node The Channels tab displays channel options available for the current node Channels Streaming Synchronized Sampling Low Duty Cyde
104. ulas Data Review View Acrobat Neevia L4 FLOR KS Er du EO E ba HE e amp PivotTable Table Picture Clip Shapes SmartArt Column Line Pie Bar Area Other Hyperlink i AEN z n 5 Y E Chats Tables Illustrations J Charts Fe 2033 i A 8 a a m E m m ma LI measured applied bits pounds A Din m Cm m mm Ho dot J K measured applied bits pounds 30 2033 0 25 2069 5 2108 10 20 2213 25 Seriest o 4 7 r T 20po 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 sd Figure 38 Generate a Scatter Chart W4 LORD MicroStrain 21 SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual 4 Right click on the graphed line and select Add Trendline Sensor Settings 5 Designate the line as Linear and check the option to Display the Equation on the chart Sa H Line Color Line Style Shadow Trendline Options Trend Regression Type Trendine Name Automatic Custom Forecast Forward 0 0 Backward 0 0 Set intercept 0 0 7 Display Equation on chart 7 Display R squared value on chart LZ Moving Average Period Linear Series 1 periods periods Figure 39 Plot Trendline 6 The formula of the line is y mx b where yis the engineering units at a given point measurement m is the slope of the line that represents the linear ratio x is the A D value at a given point and bis the fixed zero load offset of the sensor En
105. ution of sensors and data acquisition equipment that autonomously monitors environmental characteristics such as temperature pressure and strain W4 LORD MicroStrain i SENSING SYSTEMS
106. ynchronization between nodes 32 usec User definable threshold trigger synchronized and low duty cycle modes 200K bytes pre event recording Operating Parameters 2 405 to 2 470 GHz direct sequence spread spectrum over 14 Radio frequency RF channels license free worldwide radiated power programmable transceiver carrier from 0 dBm 1 mW to 16 dBm 39 MW low power option available for use outside the U S limited to 10dBm 10mW 70 m to 2 km line of sight with RF power setting RF communication protocol IEEE 802 15 4 RF data downloading 4 5 minutes to download full memory pain es pq id Lithium ion rechargeable battery A See power profile http files microstrain com SG Link LXRS Power Profile pdf 20 C to 60 C extended temperature range available with custom battery enclosure 40 C to 85 C electronics only AC power battery charging battery charged node activity Acceleration limit 500 g standard high g option available Event driven monitoring W4 LORD MicroStrain SENSING SYSTEMS SG Link LXRS Wireless Sensor Node User Manual Specifications Parameter Specifications Physical Specifications Dimensions 58 mm x 50 mm x 21 mm 42 grams Environmental rating Indoor use IP65 66 enclosures available Enclosure material ABS plastic Integration Compatible gateways All WSDA base stations and gateways Compatible sensors Bridge type analog sensors 0 to 3 V dc analog sensors Connectors Screw terminal b

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