Xminilab User`s Manual
Contents
1. Ln Figure 45 Xminilab Schematic CN rS DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 35 Vs2. DefeutNewsinomenustovni _ togieinputs Menu mens roce nott xz Decrease sampling Rate 12 enm EI 1 increase Sapling Pate toic ipae meru es Protocol sitter Auto setup Y Trigger Menu rezer Toe Menu 12 reser Source Menu If confused E esteem while navigating the Y menus it is easy to Mods Menu Cursor Menu go back to the setmetermode La verte cursors default menu by sex mode he et cursors pressing the MENU X3 series Mode e Heriontal cursors button a few times Y FFT Menu display menu mode ha reisen pay Select FFT Window reete une Pact toga tay hes show scone settings sevesertings e vou Menu AWG Menu 1 v Enter cursor Mena Steet sine Wave 12 Mens ho seca Square wave enter AWG menu Des select inate wave Figure 6 Main Menus 1 7 Saving the settings All the settings are stored to non volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu Miscellaneous Menu This method is used to reduce the number of writes to the microcontroller s EEPROM V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 10 Xminilab User s Manual 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope 25 The Xminilab is mixed signal oscilloscope it has 2 analog channels and 8 digital channels This chapter will focus on the analog signals M
3. Figure 12 Trigger menus 23 1 Trigger Types There are four different trigger types which determine when to display the trace on the screen Normal Trace only when the trigger event occurs Single One trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs Auto Trace when the trigger event occurs or after a timeout Free Trace continuously ignoring the trigger 2 3 2 Trigger Modes Two triggering modes are available After selecting the trigger mode the next menu will allow setting the specific trigger value Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses a defined level This is the most common trigger mode The trigger mark is represented on the display Tue ih Edge Hear asa rising or falling arrow Slope The trigger occurs when the difference between two consecutive samples is greater than a predefined value This is useful for detecting spikes or for detecting high frequency signals The trigger mark is represented on the screen as two small lines with a size proportional to the trigger value Figure 14 Slope trigger V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 13 Xminilab User s Manual 2 3 3 Post Trigger The oscilloscope is continuously acquiring samples in a circular buffer Once the trigger event occurs the oscilloscope will acquire more samples specified by the Post Trigger value The ability to show samples before or after the trigger occurs is one
4. capture sh dev ttyUSBO Then enter a name for the bmp image including the bmp file extension nettnevarat thes Laptop capture sh dev ttyusta n Please enter filenage e g conture bsp scope bnp lrx ready to receive ccope bm Bytes received 1152 BPS s62 Trensfer complete Inatthevenat thev Laptop s V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 29 Xminilab User s Manual 8 Firmware Updating This guide will show how to upgrade the firmware on your AVR XMEGA based device 8 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer 8 1 1 Tools required AVRISP mkll or similar PDI capable programmer AVR Studio 4 IDE Integrated Development Environment HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon regular AVR programmer might not work the programmer needs to be PDI capable PDI is the new interface to program XMEGA microcontrollers 8 1 2 Instructions to install the tools install AVR Studio and USB driver Connect the programmer to the computer and auto install the hardware more detailed guide on how to install the tools is found here http www atmel com dyn resources prod_documents AVRISPmkil_UG pdf 8 1 3 Instructions to update the firmware 1 Start AVR Studio Connect the cable from the AVRISP to the PDI connector on the board Power the board Press the Display the Connect dialog button Al
5. no pull resistor X2 single Start Protocol Sniffer Pull up JES EP Figure 36 Logic Analyzer Menus 3 1 Input Selection A subset of the 8 digital signals can be selected Any digital signal can be enabled or disabled 3 2 Channel Position The selected digital channels can be moved up or down Only applicable if less than 8 digital signals are selected 3 3 Invert Channel All digital channels are inverted This setting also affects the protocol sniffer 3 4 Thick Logic 0 A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic 0 This is useful to quickly differentiate a 0 from 1 V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 19 Xminilab User s Manual 3 5 Parallel Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the 8 bit digital input lines The hexadecimal number is shown below the last digital trace f all the 8 digital traces are enabled then there is no space to show the parallel decoding Figure 37 Parallel Decoding 3 6 Serial Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the stream of bits on each channel The decoding starts at the first vertical cursor and ends at the second vertical cursor 8 bits are decoded If the cursors are disabled then the decoding is done from the start of the screen to the end The data can be decoded 5 first or LSB first depending on the position of the first vertical cursor PARALLEL Figure 38 Serial Decoding 3 7 Protocol Sniffer When th
6. Gabotones S Q BOX 1108 This manual is outdate www gabolronics com Figure 1 Xminilab Top View Description The Xminilab is a combination of three electronic instruments mixed signal oscilloscope an arbitrary waveform generator and a protocol sniffer all housed in small 1 75 x3 3 DIP module The Xminilab can also be used as a development board for the AVR XMEGA microcontroller Xminilab It rete ynload xs Micro USB User s Manual Features ere al can be foun Simultaneous sampling of 2 analog and 8 digital signals 40 xscope pdf vi Free with edge or slope types rising or falling adjustable trigger level and ability to view signals prior to the trigger Meter Mode VDC VPP and Frequency readout XY Mode For plotting Lissajous figures curves or checking the phase difference between two waveforms Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options and selectable vertical log Protocol Sniffer SPI UART Arbitrary Waveform Generator with frequency sweep Channel Math add multiply invert and average Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic waveform measurements and waveform references Display options Persistence Different grid options External Interface 4 Tactile External Switches MEGA Trigger Microcontroller 8 Digital Analog Inputs Output Analog Analog Input CH1 Input CH2 Figure 2 Xminilab Bloc
7. 2 Select ATXMEGA32A4U in the device selection list 3 Select USB as communication medium 4 Open the USB port to connect to the target 5 sure the FLASH buffer is selected and check ERASE BLANK CHECK PROGRAM VERIFY En e sema temm hr Rem m 6 Load the HEX file Xminilab hex 7 Press RUN 8 PressSELECT EEPROM 9 Load the HEX file Xminilab eep 10 Uncheck ERASE and BLANK CHECK only leave checked PROGRAM and VERIFY 11 Press RUN 12 Press START APPLICATION V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 31 Xminilab User s Manual 9 Frequently Asked Questions o 1 What tools do I need to develop my own programs on the Xminilab Besides the power supply you need an external programmer such as the AVR ISP 2 or a debugger such as the AVR JTAGICE mkil or the AVR ONE Software Tools Integrated Development Environment AVR Studio 4 C Compiler included in the WinAVR package WinAVR at sourceforge 2 Can the waveform generator and the oscilloscope run simultaneously Yes the waveform generator runs on the background The AWG uses the DMA so it doesn t need any CPU intervention 3 How do power the Xminilab The Xminilab can be powered thru the micro USB port Alternatively the Xminilab can be powered by connecting a SV power supply on the SV pin Do not connect a SV power supply and the USB at the same time 4 Can I connect the Xminilab to the c
8. If you have a multimeter and want to try to fix yourself check the following voltages If any of the voltages are wrong there might be a defective part If the unit is powered with more than 5 5V the negative voltage generator would be the first component to get damaged Voltage at SV should be between 4 75 and 45 25V lt Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V Voltage at 3 3V should be between 43 2 and 3 4V Voltage at pin 8 of U3 should be between 2 00 and 2 09V If all fails and if the device is under warranty you can send it back for repairs V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 33 Xminilab User s Manual 11 Xminilab Design 11 System Architecture The Xminilab uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller Figure 44 shows the Xminilab s Architecture block diagram Timer TCC1 Timer TCCO System Timer TCEO com iim ilh Analog CHO Gain Input CHO 0 Analog Input CH1 Digital Inputs AWG amplifier ATXMEGA32A4U Timer TCD1 Timer RTC Timer TCD0 l event cH3 forrefresh Screensaver Figure 44 Xminilab Architecture Block Diagram CN rS DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 34 Vs Xminilab User s Manual 112 schematics 9 1 HA tH
9. The full source code is currently not open The evaluation source code does not contain the MSO application The HEX file does contain the full version of the oscilloscope 11 What is the current consumption of the Xminilab Between 40mA and GOmA depending on how many pixels are lit on the OLED 12 There is a new firmware for the Xminilab how do update Follow the instructions on section 8 13 How does the X al oscilloscopes You can check this comparison table http www gabotronics com resources hobbyists oscilloscopes htm lab compare to other di 10 Troubleshooting Is the Xminilab not working Check out these tips 1 The unit does not power up If using the USB connector to power try applying SV directly instead with another power supply 2 The unit powers up but the MSO is not working Try restoring the default settings Press K4 during power up then select Restore 3 The screen turns off after a certain amount of time This is the screen saver in action The screen saver time can be changed in factory options to disable this feature set a time equal to 0 4 A particular button doesn t work There might be shorted pins on the microcontroller Check for debris or solder bridges Using a solder wick on the pins will help 5 When powering up the splash screen stays for a very long time more than 4 seconds The crystal is defective or the traces on the crystal are shorted 6 It still isn t working
10. Use UART parity Bit 3 UART parity odd or even Bit 4 UART 1 or 2 stop bits Bit 5 6 7 UART Baud rate 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 5 Decode option bitfield Bit 0 Serial Hex Display Bit 1 Parallel Hex Display Bit 2 I2C decoding Bit 3 RS232 decoding Bit 4 SPI decoding Bit S Use ASCII with RS232 6 2 3 General settings 10 bytes 1 Trigger Cursors Bit 0 Free trigger Bit 1 Normal trigger Bit 2 Single trigger Bit 3 Auto trigger Bit 4 Horizontal Cursor on Bit 5 CH2 Horizontal Cursor on Bit 6 Vertical Cursor on Bit 7 Lock Automatic Cursors Only one trigger type must be set 2 FFT Options bitfield Bit 0 Hamming window Bit 1 Hann window Bit 2 Cosine window Bit 3 unused Bit 4 Apply logarithm to FFT Bit S Calculate VDC Bit 6 Calculate VPP 3 MSO settings bitfield Bit 0 AWG sweep Bit 1 Trigger falling or rising Bit 2 Scope stopped Bit 3 unused V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 25 Xminilab User s Manual Bit 4 Mode MSO Bit 5 Mode Multimeter Bit 6 Mode FFT Bit 7 Mode X Y Only one mode must be set 4 Sampling rate 5 6 Number of Post Trigger samples unsigned int 16 7 Trigger source CHI CH2 3 10 CHD 11 External Trigger 8 Horizontal position 9 Display options bitfield Bit 0 1 Grid Type Bit 2 Reference waveforms on Bit 3 Persistent Display Bit 4 Continuous Drawing Bit S Show scope settings
11. time div volts div Bit 6 Invert Display Bit 7 Flip Display 10 Trigger Level 6 2 4 AWG settings 8 bytes when sending to PC 9 bytes when sending to device Sending to PC Sending to devi 1 Cycles in buffer unsigned byte 1 Amplitude 2 Amplitude signed byte range 128 0 2 Waveform type 3 Waveform type 1 Sine 2 Square 3 Triangle 4 Custom 3 Duty cycle 4 Duty cycle unsigned byte range 0 255 4 Sweep 5 Sweep type unsigned byte currently unused 5 Offset 6 Offset signed byte 6 9 Desired frequency multiplied by 100 7 8 Actual period of timer used generate waveform unsigned int 32 unsigned int 16 6 3 Command Set All commands sent to the Xminilab are in ASCII format further data sent or received is in binary Table 6 shows the Xminilab Interface Protocol Command Set Y DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 26 Xminilab User s Manual Command Description Xminilab Response CR Simulate KD key press No response Simulate press __ No response Simulate KB key press __ No response Simulate KC key press No response Auto Setup No response Change mode No response o Stop No response 9 Increase sampling rate No response 6 Decrease sampling rate _ No response Y Toggle on off No response 2 Toggle CH2 on off No respons
12. y 16 1080 Example ANW Figure 27 Triangle Wave Figure 25 FFT without Log Figure 26 FFT with Log 2 5 2 FFT Windows To reduce the spectral leakage an FFT window function must be applied Three FFT window types are available Hamming 0 53836 046164 COS 2 x 2 A Figure 28 Hamming Window and sine frequency response 1 tzt Figure 29 Hann Window and sine frequency response 2 Figure 30 Cosine Window and sine frequency response Cosine SINGT i R DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 16 DA Xminilab User s Manual 2 6 Cursors You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved on the respective menu Figure 31 shows the cursor menus GurorMenu _ gt More Cursor options vertical Cursors Automatic cursors at teniente Cares ek tomatoe s an Morrone cursors 13 Reference Waveform Horizontal Cursors Vertical Cursors select uror tome see cursor to move Move aurar ete Move cursor up Mowe cursor ight 12 Move cursor down Figure 31 Cursor menus 2 6 1 Vertical Cursors Time interval measurements are made with a pair of time markers The
13. are 16 pages of data each page shows 64 bytes gt the total memory for the 12C sniffer is 1024 bytes Example communicating to Si570 Programmable oscillator 79 9A Mas r initiates Write to slave 55 byte addr r initiates Read to slave 55 then reads 3 10 UART Sniffer Connect RX to Bit 2 TX to Bit 3 The Xminilab can decode both the TX and RX lines of the UART at the standard baud rates 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 The screen is split in two the left side is used for the RX line and the right side is used for the TX line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line Figure 39 UART Sniffer screen 3 11 SPI Sniffer Connect the Select to Bit 4 MOSI to Bit 5 MISO to Bit 6 SCK to Bit 7 The Xminilab can decode both the MOSI and MISO lines of an SPI bus The SPI s MOSI pin decoding is done in hardware so it can decode data at high speed But the SPI s MISO pin decoding is implemented in software using bit banging so the maximum clock allowed will be limited The screen is split in two the left side is use for the MOSI line and the right side is used for the MISO line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 21 Xminilab User s Manual 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator GJ The Xminilab ha
14. display If the SHOW setting of the display is enabled 22 3 Channel Position The position of the waveform can be moved up or down in the Channel Position menu 2 24 Channel Invert The channel can be inverted The displayed waveform and channel calculations will be affected 22 5 Channel Math The channel trace will be replaced with CH14CH2 Multiply The channel trace will be replaced with CH1xCH2 Average The channel samples will be averaged To display CH1 CH2 first invert CH2 and then select the ADD function Channel Math Examples it M de We Wu V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 12 Xminilab User s Manual 2 3 Trigger Settings The Xminilab has an advance triggering system it has most of the trigger controls of a professional oscilloscope Figure 12 shows all the trigger menus Trigger Menu reserves Menu gt Trigger Mode Menu DEL rende Free Normat Single Ter 13 ost ner Toge Free auto 5 Lof TriegerSourcemenu L Post Trigger adjust Treeer tevel xi omni source xx aes level Xi curi soure Decrease wager tevet lage inputs source ys creer n ot samples tog mere saen tore Teasa L external rsen va mz x ms ero ers ore EIE IET nz
15. of the most powerful features of a digital sampling oscilloscope Depending on the post trigger settings different parts of a signal can be displayed Consider the signal on figure 15 Figure 15 Sample signal Even though the buffer sample is relatively small any section of the shown figure can be analyzed by varying the post trigger Examples Post trigger 0 don t acquire more signals after the trigger Only the signals that occurred before the trigger event are shown NU Figure 16 Post trigger value equal zero Post trigger 50 of the sample buffer default setting Half of the buffer contains samples before the trigger and half contains the samples after the trigger Figure 17 Post trigger 50 of sample buffer trigger 100 of the sample buffer Only signals immediately after the trigger event are shown Figure 18 Post trigger 100 of buffer The actual post trigger value can vary between 0 and 32768 samples so you can explore the signal after a very long time after the trigger event has occurred but with a high post trigger value the refresh rate of the scope will be reduced 2 3 4 Trigger Source Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source if selecting a digital channel the slope trigger mode is not applicable The external trigger input is an additional digital trigger source but tolerates voltages up to 5 SV V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 14 Xminilab Us
16. oscilloscope automatically calculates the time difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta time Additionally the oscilloscope calculates the inverse of the delta time which is the frequency of the selected period Figure 32 Vertical Cursors 2 6 2 Horizontal Cursors Voltage measurements are made with a pair of voltage markers to determine 13897 rrr Hral 1 or 2 specific voltage points on a waveform The oscilloscope automatically calculates the voltage difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta voltage value 2 6 3 Automatic Cursors The device will try to automatically measure the waveform Figure 33 Horizontal Cursors Vertical Cursors The device will try to a full or half cycle of the selected waveform If both CH1 and CH2 enabled the channel with the most amplitude will be used Horizontal Cursor The selected horizontal cursor will be set with the maximum and minimum points of the waveform 2 6 4 Lock Cursors Same as the automatic cursors but itis performed continuously 2 6 5 Reference Waveform snapshot is taken of the analog waveforms to be used as reference waveforms The reference waveforms are stored in non volatile memory V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 17 Xminilab User s Manual 2 7 Display Settings These menus control various characteristics of the display Figure 34 show the display menu
17. settings on the device if you are not familiar with them this function is useful to set the device to a known state 1 5 Quick Start Guide Take the Xminilab out of the packaging Included is an optional 2x3 pin header used for programming the microcontroller via the PDI interface There is a protective film on the display which can be removed Place the Xminilab on a breadboard and apply power The Xminilab can be powered with either the USB or with an external power supply by applying 5V on the corresponding pin Double check your connections because the Xminilab WILL get damaged if applying power on the wrong pin Connect the AWG pin to CH1 Press the K2 and K3 keys simultaneously auto setup The screen should look like figure 5 THT 12808 Fina NANA Figure 5 Quick start R DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 9 DA Xminilab User s Manual 1 6 User Interface The K4 button is the MENU button used to navigate thru all the menus The K1 buttons action depend on the current menu The green arrows represent the flow when pressing the MENU button When the MENU button is pressed on the last menu the Xminilab settings are saved and the menu goes back to the default Figure 6 shows the main menus in blue and some important submenus in yellow Further ramifications are shown on the respective chapters
18. Channel 1 Input range 14V to 20V CH2 Analog Channel 2 Input range 14V to 20V AWG Arbitrary Waveform Generator Output range 2V EXT T External Trigger Digital input max 5 SV logic Digital Channel O 12C Sniffer signal SDA logici Digital Channel i 12C Sniffer signal SCL logic2 Digital Channel 2 UART Sniffer signal RX Logic 3 Digital Channel 3 UART Sniffer signal TX Logic 4 Digital Channel 4 SPI Sniffer signal 55 logic Digital Channels SPI Sniffer signal MOST logic Digital Channel 6 SPI Sniffer signal MISO Logic 7 __ Digital Channel 7 SPI Sniffer signal SCK BV 3 3V Output voltage 200mA max output 35V 35V Input voltage Do not apply SV if using the USB port GND Ground Tt is recommended use all ground pins Table T Pin description 1 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Minimum Maximum Unit Supply Voltage 45V 05 55 v Analog Inputs 30 30 v Digital Inputs 05 38 v External Trigger 22 55 Y Operating Temperature 240 70 E Storage Temperature 240 80 Table 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 7 Xminilab User s Manual 1 3 Specifications General Specificatio ATXMEGA32AAU 36KB Flash SRAM 1KB EEPROM Graphic OLED display 2 42 128x64 pixels 40 000 hours minimum life time to 50 original brightness Module size 3 3 x 1 75 PDI interface 4tactile switches Micro USB Logic Analyzer specifi
19. ase 212 Technical Details 2 13 Horizontal Position 2 1 4 Auto Setup 2 2 Vertical Settings 22 Disable Channel 222 ChannelGain 223 ChannelPosilion 224 Channelinvert 225 Channel Math 2 3 Trigger Settings 231 Trigger Types 232 Trigger Modes 233 Post Trigger 234 Trigger Source 24 Device Modes 24 Meter Mode SRT DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 3 A uh aad Xminilab User s Manual 242 XY Mode 15 243 Oscilloscope Mode 15 2 5 Spectrum Analyzer 16 2 51 Logarithm display 16 252 FFT Windows 16 2 6 Cursors a 26 1 Vertical Cursors 217 2 42 Horizontal Cursors 417 263 Automatic Cursors gi 264 Lock Cursors En 2 6 5 Reference Waveform aT 2 7 Display Settings 18 27 1 Persistent Display 18 272 Pixel Display 18 273 Show scope settings 18 274 Grid Type 18 275 Flip Display 18 2 7 6 Invert Display 18 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer 19 V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 4 Xminilab User s Manual 3 1 Input Selection 3 2 Channel Positior 3 3 Invert Channel 3 4 Thick Logic 0 3 5 Parallel Decoding 3 6 Serial Decoding 37 Protocol Sniffer 3 8 Sniffers Modes 3 9 12C Sniffer 3 10 UART Sniffer 3 11 SPI Sniffer 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator 4 1 Predefined W
20. aveforms 4 2 Frequency Sweep 4 3 Technical Detail 5 Interface 6 Interface Protocol 6 1 UART settings 6 2 Control data 621 and CH2 settings 3 bytes 622 settings 5 bytes 623 General settings 10 bytes 624 AWG settings 9 bytes Error Bookmark not defined 6 3 Command Set 7 BMP Screen Capture V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 5 rror Bookmark not defined Xminilab User s Manual 7 1 To send BMP screen capture to a PC 7 2 To send BMP screen capture to Linux 8 Firmware Updating 8 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer 811 Tools required 8 1 2 Instructions to install the tools 8 1 3 Instructions to update the firmware 8 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloader 82 1 Tools required 822 Activating the bootloader c 8 2 1 FUP application instructions 9 Frequently Asked Questions 10 Troubleshooting 11 Xminilab Design 11 1 System Architecture 11 2 Schematics V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 6 Xminilab User s Manual 1 General Overview 1 1 Pin Description 01234567 CH2 AWG EXT T logic 33 57 Figure 3 Back Signals Name Descri Comment CHI Analog
21. cations 8 Digital inputs sampling rate 2Msps Protocol Sniffer UART I2C SPI Internal pull up or pull down Buffer size 256 Voltage level 3 3V Oscilloscope specifications 2 Analog Inputs Sampling rate 2Msps Analog Bandwidth 200kHz Maximum Screen Refresh Rate Resolution 8bits Input Impedance 1MQ Buffer size per channel 256 Input Voltage Range 14V to 20V Vertical sensitivity 80mV div to 5 12V div AWG specifications 1 Analog Output conversion rate IMsps Analog Bandwidth 44 1kHz Resolution 8bits Output current gt 7mA Buffer size 256 Output Voltage 2V Weight 25 grams V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 8 Xminilab User s Manual Dimensions amarem d p 200 Figure 4 Xminllab dimensions 14 Factory Setup The device can enter factory options if the MENU key is pressed during power up The following options are available 1 Offset calibration The unit is calibrated before being shipped but calibration is required again if the firmware is updated 2 Sleep timeout Sets the time to shut down the display and put the microcontroller to sleep after the last key press Shutting down the OLED extends its The current consumption is also reduced 3 Restore defaults Select this function to restore to the default the settings There are many
22. e 3 Toggle CHD on off No response 4 Decrease CH1 gain No response 5 Decrease CH2 gain No response 7 Increase CH1 gain No response B Increase CH2 gain No response a Request firmware version String containing the version number followed by a line feed Disable Auto send No response No response When the Auto send is active the Xminilab will continuously send data this is to maximize the refresh rate on the PC side Enable Auto send When using fast sampling rates the Xminilab will first fill its buffers and then send the buffers in bursts When using slow sampling rates the PC app will need to keep track of time as the samples wil arrive with no time reference T Request data 256 bytes s Request CH2 CH2 data 256 bytes T Request CHD CHD data 256 bytes u Request settings CHI settings 3 bytes CH2 settings 3 bytes CHD settings 5 bytes General settings 10 bytes AWG settings 8 bytes v Send settings G character which signals the PC that the Xminilab is ready Then the PC sends the data CH settings 3 bytes 2 settings 3 bytes CHD settings 5 bytes General settings 10 bytes AWG settings 9 bytes Then the Xminilab sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received w Request EE waveform EE Wave data 256 bytes x Send EE waveform G character which signals the PC that the Xminilab is ready Then the PC sends the data EE wave 256 bytes Then the Xminilab send
23. e Xminilab is in Sniffer mode a small text appears on the screen indicating where to hook up the signals As soon as the data is received the data is displayed in pages There are 16 pages of data To browse thru the pages use the buttons K2 and In the UART and SPI sniffers the data can be displayed in HEX or ASCII press K2 and K3 simultaneously to toggle between them If using ASCII note that letters will be always uppercase and only codes 0x20 thru will show valid characters To stop and start the sniffer press the K1 button 3 8 Sniffers Modes Normal mode Continuous operation when the buffer is filled all pages are erased and the index goes back to 1 Single mode The sniffer will stop when the buffer is filled Circular mode New data will be placed at the end of the last page and older data will be shifted towards the first page V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 20 Xminilab User s Manual 3 9 I2C Sniffer Connect SDA to Bit 0 SCL to Bit 1 The Xminilab implements the I2C sniffing in a bit bang fashion The maximum clock frequency is 400kHz Standard I2C Fast Speed As the data is decoded the data in HEX will appear on the screen accompanied by symbol When the Master initiates a read lt is an ACK and is a When the Master initiates a write gt is an ACK and is a NACK Subsequent data in the frame will be accompanied by for ACK or a for NACK There
24. e possible frequencies are discrete 5 PC Interface The Xminilab can communicate to a PC using the USB port Figure 41 shows a snapshot of the PC interface A more detailed description regarding the PC interface will be available in the PC application s help Figure 41 Xminilab PC interface V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 23 Xminilab User s Manual 6 Interface Protocol Deo The Xminilab can communicate to external devices thru the serial port using the Interface Protocol Follow the protocol to make your own applications to interface the Xminilab or to port the PC application to other platforms 6 1 UART settings Data Bits 8 Baud rate 115200 Parity None Stop Bits One Handshaking None 6 2 Control data 6 2 1 CHI and CH2 settings 3 bytes 1 Channel Position 2 Option bitfield Bit 0 Channel on Bit 1 x10 probe Bit 2 x100 probe Bit 3 x1000 probe Bit 4 Invert channel Bit S Average samples Bit 6 Math Active either addition or multiplication Bit 7 Math operation addition or multiplication 3 Channel Gain 6 2 2 CHD settings 5 bytes 1 Channel Position 2 Input Mask 3 Option bitfield Bit 0 Channel on Bit 1 Invert channel Bit 2 Thick line when logic O Bit 3 Pull input Bit 4 Pull up down ane DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 24 Xminilab User s Manual 4 Decode parameters bitfield Bit 0 SPI Clock Polarity Bit 1 SPI Clock Phase Bit 2
25. er s Manual 24 Device Modes There are different device modes that can be selected the menus shown on figure 19 allow selecting the Meter Mode the XY Mode or the Oscilloscope Mode Other device modes are the Spectrum Analyzer and the Protocol Sniffer which are discussed in their respective chapters Mode Menu Meter Mode ri set Metermode DeVoe set mode XQ Peak to Peak Voltage set Scope mode K3 Frequency Figure 19 Device mode menus 24 1 Meter Mode a The Xminilab can function as a dual digital voltmeter The font used is bigger w o E MS in meter mode to facilitate reading The available measurements in meter mode re 3 264 513 Average Voltage DC Peak to Peak Voltage and Frequency s s The Frequency measurement is performed with an FFT so the measurement frequencies will have gaps depending on the range gt FREQUENCY Figure 20 Meter Mode 2 4 2 XY Mode The XY mode changes the display from volts vs time display to volts vs volts You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Lissajous figures can also be plotted using the XY Mode Figure 21 XY Mode 24 3 Oscilloscope Mode This is the default mode of the Xminilab The 2 analog and 8 digita
26. h dots that represent the vertical and horizontal divisions 2 7 5 Flip Display The display orientation is flipped This is useful when mounting the Xminilab on a panel and the display s orientations is backwards 2 7 6 Invert Display When enabled the display s pixels are inverted the display will have a white background RAT DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 18 Xminilab User s Manual 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer E The Xminilab has an 8 bit logic analyzer and can do sniffing on standard protocols I2C UART and SPI The logic inputs 33V level the logic inputs are not SV tolerant If you need to connect SV signals to the logic analyzer you could Add a resistor in series with the signal or use a SV to 3 3V level converter chip Figure 36 shows the logic menus Protocolo e toe input mana Toge Salac Manu 1 aje Ie 5 vane selec inputs sm le we SPiSnifferSettings 5 Logic Options 1 Logic Select Menu 2 clock Polarity a change position v ait clock Phase K2 Invert channel Ej DIETS zl Y UART Sniffer Settings Logic Options 2 Logic Select Menu 3 aad rate X2 Party X serial Decoding ems X3 numberof stop Bitr Resistor gt Sniffer Mode lt Pull Resistor Normal
27. ith the PC Xminilab Interface 4 2 Frequency Sweep The Xminilab has a SWEEP feature which increases the frequency of the wave automatically on each screen refresh of the oscilloscope The start and end frequencies are automatically determined by the current sampling rate Since the sweep is synchronized with the oscilloscope displaying perfect frequency plots is a breeze To make a frequency plot set the mode to FFT and set the display to persistent V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 22 Xminilab User s Manual 4 3 Technical Details 575 The waveform is stored in a 256 byte long buffer this buffer is fed to the XMEGA s DAC thru the DMA Once the waveform is set the waveform will be generated without any CPU intervention The maximum conversion rate of the DAC is 1Msps this limits the maximum output frequency of AWG as a system For example if the AWG is generating sinewave with 256 points the maximum frequency is 3906 25Hz If generating a sinewave with only 32 points the maximum frequency is 31 25KHz The AWG amplifier has a low pass filter of 44 1KH2 The predefined AWG Frequency range is 1 91Hz thru 125 kHz The resolution of the waveform generator varies depending on the frequency range the lower the frequency the higher the resolution 125000 Frequency Cycles s Y Cycles Integer number with these possible values 1 2 4 8 Period Integer number with values between 0 and 65535 Note that th
28. k Diagram ST DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 1 DA Xminilab User s Manual About this manual This manual targets both novice and advanced users providing a full resource for everyone However for a full understanding of the operation of the Xminilab the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope The features documented in this manual are for hardware version 2 1 and firmware version 1 41 Conventions CH1 Analog Channel 1 CH2 Analog Channel 2 CHD Logic Inputs Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Ey Helpful tip Technical Detail Revision History Version Date Notes 10 September 2011 First revision 11 October 2011 Modified revision for the Xminilab 12 December 2011 Firmware upgrade 13 January 2012 AWG maximum frequency 125 kHz 14 January 2012 Added vertical sensitivity to specifications 15 January 2012 Changed seconds units from 5 to s 16 February 2012 Corrected discrepancies in the interface protocol 17 February 2012 Corrected figure numbering added max screen refresh rate V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 2 Xminilab User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 General Overview 1 1 Pin Description 1 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings 13 Specifications 14 Factory Setup 1 5 Quick Start Guide 1 6 User Interface 17 Saving the settings 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope 2 1 Horizontal Settings 211 Time B
29. l channels are sampled simultaneously Any of these 10 channels can be shown on the display Figure 22 shows the oscilloscope mode and the various sections of the display are detailed Trigger mark Scope Settings Channel Gain Grid Time Base Figure 22 Oscilloscope Mode V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 15 Xminilab User s Manual 2 5 Spectrum Analyzer FFT Menu FFT Window Rt ende Bri temen fre If only interested in Select Window Henn Meo one channel turn off the other Logarithm display xa cosine window channel to maximize the vertical display Figure 23 Spectrum Analyzer menus The spectrum analyzer is done by calculating the Fast Fourier Transform FFT SEU of the selected analog channels or the math functions if enabled Figure 23 shows ha T 4 the FFT menus When Spectrum Analyzer is enabled the display of the FFT spectrum is plotted as frequency vs magnitude The horizontal axis represents the frequency Hertz and the vertical axis represents the magnitude Figure 24 shows the pd ____ Xminilab in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Figure 24 Spectrum Analyzer Mode 2 5 1 Logarithm display The log is useful when analyzing low level components on the signal When analyzing audio it is also very useful as it maps more directly to how humans perceive sound The actual function performed is
30. ng time bases There are 256 samples for each channel but only 128 can be displayed on the screen When the acquisition is stopped the full sample buffer can be explored with the K2 and buttons 2 1 4 Auto Setup The Auto Setup feature will find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2 V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 11 Xminilab User s Manual 2 2 Verlical Settings The analog channel controls are discussed in this section Figure 8 shows the Vertical menu flow Main Channel Menu Channel Menu ett menu ronde Channel CH1 and CH2 mens Decem gain have identical settings xs tagte mots meru morem gain Channel Options F1 Channel Options Channel Math Poston shortcut Channel positon X2 Postion move wert channel cao Postion move Channel Math Average Channel Figure 8 Vertical menus 2 2 1 Disable Channel Any channel can be disabled this is useful to reduce clutter on the display 22 2 Channel Gain Table 4 shows the possible gain settings for the analog channels One gain division consists of 16 pixels Gain Volts Division 80m 0 16 032 0 64 128 2 56 512 Table 4 Gain Settings The current gain settings for the analog channels are shown in the top right part of the
31. omputer to control the oscilloscope and get the data Yes you can use the Xminilab PC Interface A UART to USB cable will be required 5 Can connect the Xminilab to the computer using the USB for firmware updates No a PDI programmer will be needed for firmware updates 6 How much power can the Xminilab supply The Xminilab can also power external devices This is the maximum current on each voltage 45V Will be the same as the power source minus 60mA 43 3V Approximately 200mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 45V line 7 What is the maximum frequency that I can measure with the Xminilab The analog bandwidth is set at 200kHz However you can still measure frequencies up to almost Nyquist 2 i e 1MHz The FFT analysis will be particularly useful to measure high frequencies 8 Can I measure voltages above 20V Yes by adding a 9Mohm resistor on the input Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm the voltage will is divided by 10 This is the equivalent of using a 10 1 probe 9 Are the logic inputs SV tolerant No the logic inputs are not SV tolerant An easy solution would be to place 3K resistor in series with the SV signal this will work for signals with a frequency lower than 200kH2 Another solution would be to use a voltage translator chip SV DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 32 Xminilab User s Manual 10 The source code says evaluation version can I get the full version
32. ore information about the digital channels is presented on chapter 4 2 1 Horizontal Settings The horizontal settings are controlled on the default menu The menu is shown on figure 7 p xt stop enitn Horizontal Position ar pecene samping rate continue meas samping nate 16 eere waves Figure 7 Horizontal Menus 2 1 1 Time Base The time base can be varied from Bus div to SOs div Table 1 shows all the possible time bases One time division consists of 16 pixels Example 8us division us 16 pixels gt 500ns pixel Time Fast 164 32m 1284 256p 5124 im 2m 5m 10m s div Slow 20m 50m 01 02 05 1 2 5 10 20 50 Table 3 Time divisions At Bus div CH2 is not displayed 2 1 2 Technical Details There are two distinct sampling methods Fast Sampling and Slow Sampling Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster samples are acquired to fill the buffer and then they are displayed on the screen Only 128 samples of the 256 are visible at a single time Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Single samples are acquired and simultaneously displayed on the display AIL 256 samples are visible on the display each vertical line will have at least two samples 2 1 3 Horizontal Position The horizontal position can be varied on the Fast Sampli
33. s Display Manu More Display Options 1 Persistent select Type Torte tine DITS Show sepe setti Figure 34 Display menus 2 7 1 Persistent Display When the persistent display is enabled the waveform traces are not erased The persistent display is useful as a simple data logger or to catch glitches in the waveform The persistent made also be used to make frequency plots combination with the AWG frequency sweep 272 Line Pixel Display This menu item selects the drawing method Line A line is drawn from one sample to the next Pixel A single pixel represents a sample The pixel display is useful at slow sampling rates or when used in combination with the persistent mode Figure 35 shows the pixel display Figure 35 Pixel Display 2 7 3 Show scope settings Toggles the display of the scope settings Channel gain and time base 2 7 4 Gtid Type There are 4 different grid types Nogrid Dots for each division Vertical dots represent the scale divisions Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Vertical grid line follow trigger Vertical dots represent the position of the trigger the location of the vertical dots follow the trigger position Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Dot graticule The screen is filled wit
34. s T character which signals the PC that the data was received Request BMP 128x64 Monochrome BMP using the XModem protocol Table 6 Xminilab Command Set ST DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 27 Xminilab User s Manual 7 BMP Screen Capture 59 7 1 To send BMP screen capture to You can send a screen capture of the oscilloscope to your PC using HyperTerminal All oscilloscope bitmaps in this manual where generated using this method Open HyperTerminal Enter a name for a new connection example scope Enter the COM port where the device is connected Select 115200 bits per second 8 data None 1 Stop bit Flow control None See figure 42 115200 ore None Figure 42 HyperTerminal Settings Inthe Transfer menu select Receive File Enter a folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol See figure 43 rS DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 28 Vs Xminilab User s Manual Figure 43 Receive File Settings Enter a file name with a BMP extension and press OK 7 2 send a BMP screen capture to Linux Create the following script and save as capture sh echo Please enter filename e g capture bmp read name stty F 1 115200 gapturesh gname lt 1 gt 1 To use make the script executable with chmod x capture sh Then enter capture sh into a terminal followed by the serial device for example
35. s an embedded arbitrary waveform generator The waveform generator is independent autonomous module that is always running in the background You can adjust all the parameters of the waveform frequency amplitude offset and duty cycle Figure 40 shows the AWG Menus AW amp Menui gt _AWGMenu2_ gt _ AWG Menus 1a Sees Sine Wave 1a selec custom Wave Adit Ke Seles sanare wave 12 natie 12 Miu Duty Orde 16 select Tanke wave 16 Adit Freeney 16 Miet M Y Adjust Frequency Adjust Amplitude Adjust Duty Cycle Adjust Offset apice temere a temer ra ra sa omet 10 nreme ampituae merease 10 necne oet Figure 40 AWG Menus When adjusting the parameters the K1 button serves as a shortcut key which sets predefined values 4 1 Predefined Waveforms The Xminilab can output the standard waveforms of a function generator sine triangle and square It can also output custom waveform which is initially set with an exponential V V Sine Wave Square Wave Triangle Wave Custom Wave Tables The custom wave is preset with an exponential but can be changed w
36. ternatively you can go to this menu Tools gt Program AVR gt Connect Select your programmer and port AVRISP and AUTO or USB In the MAIN tab select the device ATXMEGA32A4 In the programming mode select To check that everything is ok press the Read Signature button You will see a message saying that the device matches the signature 9 Goto the PROGRAM tab 10 In the Flash section look for the HEX file and click Program 11 In the EEPROM section look for the EEP file and click Program 12 Go to the FUSES tab 13 Set BODPD to BOD enabled in sampled mode 14 Set BODACT to BOD enabled in sampled mode 15 Set BODLVL to 2 9V 16 Click Program 17 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device V DS Xminilab 1 7 February 2012 Page 30 Xminilab User s Manual 8 2 Firmware upgrade using bootloader 82 1 Tools required USB type A to micro USB cable FLIP software HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon 8 2 2 Activating the bootloader The K1 button needs to be pressed while connecting the device to the computer with the USB cable Once Xprotolab enters the bootloader the red LED will be lit and will blink with USB activity The Xprotolab will appear as a new device on the host computer the drivers required are found in the FLIP application folder 82 1 FLIP application instructions 1 Start Flip
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