EET 2261 Lab #1 Introduction to CodeWarrior and the Dragon12
Contents
1. a Load Example Project Load Previous Project Bun Getting Started Tutorial Start Using CodeWarrior freescale Iv Display on Startup EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 15 Revised 6 25 2014 You didn t save anything important in the project that you created near the beginning of this lab but let s open that project rather than creating a new project Either e Press the Load Previous Project button in the dialog box shown above then select Lab01 mcp and then press Open Project e Orclose the dialog box shown above and select File gt Open in CodeWarrior s menu bar Then navigate to the LabO1 folder on your flash drive and open the file named Lab01 mcp Let s see whether the values in the HCS 12 s registers and memory are lost when you reset the chip In the table below I ve listed one CPU register and four addresses In the second column say whether each address is a special function register EEPROM RAM or Flash Then go on to Step 4 below Register or Description for example Contents before Contents after Address Flash RAM etc pressing Reset pressing Reset Accumulator B CPU Register 66 Address 0603 66 Address 5003 66 Address 0003 66 Address 2003 66 Usethe debugger s Register window to set Accumulator B s value to 66 and use the Memory window to set the values of the four listed addresses to 66 Press the Dragon12 board s Reset sw2. is a simplified memory map for our system showing the address ranges in hex assigned to the special function registers and the different kinds of memory Notice that the special function registers are located at the low end of the system s memory space from address 0000 to 03FF And the Flash memory is located at the high end of the memory space from address 4000 to SFFFF In between are the EEPROM and RAM Address Range Description 0000 to 03FF Special function registers 0400 to 0FFF EEPROM 1000 to 3FFF RAM 4000 to FFFF Flash Using the numbers from the memory map answer the following questions For each question give your answer in both hex and decimal I ve answered the first question for you Be sure you understand why the answer to this first one is 400 and not 3FF Answer in hex Answer in decimal 1 How many addresses are assigned to special 400 1024 function registers 2 How many addresses are assigned to EEPROM 3 How many addresses are assigned to RAM 4 How many addresses are assigned to Flash EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 8 Revised 6 25 2014 5 Viewing the Contents of Memory 1 Now let s look at CodeWarrior s Memory window which looks something like this Memory In the picture shown above we re viewing the contents of the chip s memory locations from address 0080 through address 00AF The first column in each row contains the starting add
3. labs you will program the HCS12 to communicate with these devices so you ll need to be able to identify the devices such as switches LEDS temperature sensor speaker keypad and so on l On the last page of this lab is a silkscreen diagram showing the layout of the Dragon12 Plus2 board This page comes from one of the reference documents that I recommended you download to a flash drive except on this copy I ve added a coordinate grid the letters running across the top of the diagram and numbers running down the left side Compare the diagram to a real Dragon12 Plus2 board and notice that the labels on the diagram will help you to identify the components on the real board EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 13 Revised 6 25 2014 2 On your computer open the Dragon12 Plus2 user s manual This file named dragon12 plus2 hcs12 manual pdf is another one of the reference documents that I recommended you download to your flash drive 3 Goto Chapter 4 Hardware Descriptions which begins on page 24 of the manual The short sections of this chapter describe components on the Dragon12 Plus2 board Most of these descriptions contain technical terms that you won t understand yet but skim each description now and use the silkscreen diagram to locate each component on the real Dragon12 board In the table below record the grid coordinates of each component as you locate it on the board I ve done the first one for you I wrote B3 because most of the LE
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5. Ds lie within B3 although a couple of them lie within A3 or C3 Use your judgment for components that don t fall entirely within one coordinate cell Component Section of Location on Manual diagram Eight LEDs 4 1 B3 Eight position DIP switch and four pushbuttons 4 2 Four 7 segment LED displays 4 3 Keypad with 16 keys 4 4 Liquid crystal display LCD 4 5 Logic probe 4 6 Trimmer potentiometer 4 7 Two digital to analog converters DACs 4 8 Speaker 4 0 Infrared IR detector 4 10 Two serial communication interface SCI ports A1 labeled SCIO and SCII RS485 port 4 12 Serial peripheral interface SPI port 4 13 Inter integrated circuit C port 4 14 EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 14 Revised 6 25 2014 Red green blue RGB LED 4 15 VGA camera interface Reset switch Temperature sensor Relay output Four servo motor outputs Light sensor Two mode select switches Bluetooth interface Abort switch H bridge outputs Capacitive touch switch 9 The Reset Switch One important feature that you located above is the Dragon12 board s Reset switch In future weeks there will be times when you need to reset the board using this switch Let s look at some of the effects of pressing this switch 1 Connect your Dragon12 board to your computer and then start CodeWarrior You ll see the following dialog box G Startup
6. Name EET 2261 Lab 1 Introduction to CodeWarrior and the Dragon12 Plus 2 1 Some Practice Converting Numbers For the rest of this semester you will often need to convert numbers between binary decimal and hex Recall that a subscript after a number tells whether the number is in binary subscript 2 decimal subscript 10 or hex subscript 16 For example 11012 1310 Dic Instead of using subscripts there are other common ways of indicating binary decimal and hex The way that we ll use most often in this course is to place a symbol before a number to show that it s in binary and a before a number to show that it s in hex No symbol before the number means that it s in decimal Using this notation 1101 2 132 D From now on you should use this notation instead of subscripts Do the following conversions In each row you re given a number in binary hex or decimal and you must convert it to the other two notations Binary Hex Decimal 261111 10 255 0001 0000 0000 3FF 1024 2047 800 0010 0000 0000 0000 EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 1 Revised 6 25 2014 2 Getting Started with CodeWarrior Freescale CodeWarrior is a very powerful piece of software that lets you e Examine and change the contents of the registers and memory locations inside the HCS 12 chip e Write and test programs for the HCS12 e Translate these programs into the binary code t
7. ations you can use the vertical scroll bar on the right side of the Memory window But it s often easier to do the following e Right click anywhere inside the Memory window and then click Address from the pop up menu e Type in the address in hex of the memory location whose contents you want to display For example do it now and type F810 to see the contents of memory EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 9 Revised 6 25 2014 locations starting at address F810 When you type the address you don t type the dollar sign You should find that address F810 holds the value 40 Remember by default the values that you see in the Memory window are in hex In this example CodeWarrior didn t display a special symbol to remind you that the 40 is a hex number but it is and if you mistakenly think that it is decimal 40 instead you will quickly get confused Convert this hex number to binary and to decimal 40 binary decimal Questions After performing the previous steps you should be able to answer the following questions based on what you see in CodeWarrior s Memory window without changing the address What hex value does memory location F816 hold What hex value does memory location F81C hold What hex value does memory location F82E hold Here s another important point to remember Every memory location holds one byte or eight bits So if you write out the contents of a memory location in hex notation you will
8. ch is the version of the HCS12 chip on our Dragon12 board Whenever you start a new project in CodeWarrior you must always select this chip At this point your screen will look like this Wizard Map Select the derivative you would like to use Choose your default connection and i E HCS12D Family Connections Project Parameters MC9S12D32 Full Chip Simulation MC9512D64 P amp E USB BOM Multilink D Add Additional Fles MC9S12DB128A P amp E Cyclone PRO USB Processor Expert MC9S12DB128B P amp E Cyclone PRO Serial MC9S12DG1288 P amp E Cyclone PRO TCPIP SofTec HCS12 MC9S120G2568 Bhateno BM MC95S12DJ1288 MC9S12D 256B Ful Chip Simulation with MC9512DJ64 of on chip peripherals Later on in debugger you can switch to hardware MC9S12DP256B MC9S12DP512 MC9S12DT128B MCQ9S12DT256 lt Back et gt Eih me 5 You ll see about ten choices in the Connections box on the right hand side The only ones that you ll ever use are the first one Full Chip Simulation and the last one HCS12 Serial Monitor e You ll use Full Chip Simulation to write and test a program without actually downloading it to the HCS12 chip e You ll use HCS12 Serial Monitor whenever you want to communicate with the actual chip For this lab select HCS12 Serial Monitor and then click Next gt 6 The next screen lets you do three important things e Tell CodeWarrior what type of program you re writing We ll write abs
9. getting a random Tip of the Day every time they start the program but some people don t If you don t want to see these tips in the future remove the checkmark next to Show Tips on StartUp Then whether or not you removed the checkmark click Close 3 CodeWarrior s Debugger If you were writing a program there are some other steps that you would do now You ll learn those steps in future labs But today we want to go right to CodeWarrior s debugger which lets us examine the registers and memory inside the HCS12 chip 1 To start CodeWarrior s debugger either e Select Project gt Debug from the menus e Or press the F5 key on your keyboard e Orclick the green arrow bug button in the toolbar 2 After a brief delay you ll see the following screen LLLI pecus osa saje jv lalale In the HOST Serial Communication Port you must choose the right COM port for the USB port on your computer In our labs this is COM4 so choose this now Then click OK 3 You ll now see the main debugger screen which has seven windows e Source which we ll care about when we re writing and testing programs but we ll ignore for now e Data which we ll usually ignore e Command which we ll usually ignore e Assembly which we ll care about when we re writing and testing programs but we ll ignore for now EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 5 Revised 6 25 2014 e Registers which shows the con
10. hat the HCS12 understands e Download your translated programs to the HCS12 chip e Run your downloaded programs and monitor the execution of the running programs In the old days you would need several pieces of software to perform these different tasks Because CodeWarrior lets you perform all of these tasks it s called an Integrated Development Environment abbreviated IDE In this course you ll learn how to use CodeWarrior to do all of the things listed above This first lab will focus on the first item in the list Examine and change the contents of the registers and memory locations inside the HCS12 chip 1 Connect your Dragon12 Plus2 board to your computer s USB port 2 In the Windows Start menu select CodeWarrior IDE You ll see the following d hs Startup Create New Project Load Example Project Load Previous Project Run Getting Started Tutorial Start Using CodeWarrior Display on Startup 3 Click the Create New Project button CodeWarrior starts up its New Project Wizard whose first screen looks like this HC 5 12 X Microcontrollers New Project fei Wizard Select the derivative you would like to use Choose your defaut connection E HC12 Connections XGATE Setup a EEE P amp HCS12X Add Additional Fies Processor Expert EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 2 Revised 6 25 2014 4 Click the next to HCS12 Then click the next to HCS12D Family Then select MC9S12DG258B whi
11. is dialog box and you ll see the following x Monitor Setup Monitor Communication Vector Table Mirroring Load Options r Application Loading Options IV Enable Automatic Erase Flash on Load By default the Monitor DLL will automaticallly erase the flash when a load is performed To disable this feature uncheck the checkbox r 1 To disable this feature uncheck the o ce Remove both check marks so that the HCS12 s Flash and EEPROM won t be erased whenever you start the debugger Then press OK Cycle the Dragon12 board s power by unplugging the USB cable for a few seconds and then plugging it back in When you do this CodeWarrior will lose communication with the board so you ll have to close the debugger and then open it again Using the debugger s Register and Memory windows find the contents of Accumulator A and the four listed addresses and record the values in the table s last column What can you conclude about whether the contents of the CPU registers and the various kinds of memory are retained when power is lost Use complete sentences in your answer You re finished with CodeWarrior for now so close the debugger and then close CodeWarrior 8 Getting to Know the Dragon12 Plus2 Board Next let s start to get familiar with the features of the Dragon12 Plus2 trainer board This board contains many input output I O devices connected to the HCS12 microcontroller In future
12. itch When you do this CodeWarrior will lose communication with the board so you ll have to close the debugger and then open it again Using the debugger s Register and Memory windows find the contents of Accumulator B and the four listed addresses and record the values in the table s last column What can you conclude about whether the contents of the CPU registers and the various kinds of memory are retained when you reset the chip Use complete sentences in your answer EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 16 Revised 6 25 2014 N33U2S 1IS 380 d 21907 HoLIMNS HOLIMS 13930 inaano YOLVDIONI XVH AST JAILISOd U31N32 V 091I 1933s HOLIMS ONIHONOL AVT38 Sindino NO 39w1100 XIV HUTZ 2Ssn id ZTINO9USQ0 3004 1803y 3n11I9Udu2 238 ul 29 HM03 390188 H U3MOd OLOH 1X3 Vvs e 20 ne vv l Y vd s O essy 3yenn 13535 SHEH D GC 1398 80100 Om 5 inant Hi far rs x i o HOE oe St Het s hes EFEEHEHA 338222212223823 p B J i Ps SISO IIIT OITA QUdA35 WX SYOSN3S SO WNY on zewn 7055v m gt e B No Lissag 10 00 o COCO osd tes zes cod ves sod acr d IE hs olt zd J 2 2 2 2 B1505 m gt 3290 3031NI 338X 3070H auvd AU0H3H 0S 0821H TIBI HEHHE Ds Zelofolojojo ojo o o 9 9 019 0 9 YOLYDIONI nee tto of jo ares XXIX COOO OOOO 3S M A o Cm TEEI NEETER 2 z m gt 9 Eze uwoya S CUNNVWWO und cms E E uOSN3S exer Ub net fee Some coa rr Cont Sor e bocsi XU nets of
13. le different To change a bit s value from 0 to 1 or from to 0 double click the bit s name To practice doing this set the register values to A 10 B 1F IX 1000 TY 2000 PC 5000 SP 3000 CCR 520 X 1 H 1 I 1 N 1 Z 0 V 1 C 0 Notice that D holds the combined values of A and B As mentioned above Accumulator D is actually just Accumulators A and B combined together So you will always find that the value in D is just the combined values in A and B Call me over to check your work 4 The HCS12 s Memory Map Now let s turn our attention from the Register window to the Memory window First we need to know a little about how the HCS12 s memory is organized The HCS12 s memory has thousands of memory locations Each location has an address The addresses range from 000000 to 3FFFFF but in this course we will never use addresses beyond FFFF So as far as we re concerned the addresses range from 0000 to FFFF Recall that the symbol indicates hex Given this restriction how many memory locations in decimal do we have EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 7 Revised 6 25 2014 The HCS12 chip contains three different kinds of internal memory e Electrically erasable programmable read only memory EEPROM e Random access memory RAM e Flash memory It also contains hundreds of internal registers called special function registers which have addresses and are treated a lot like memory locations The table below
14. olute assembly programs so you must first uncheck C and then check Absolute Assembly e Give your project a name which should always end in mcp Let s call this first project Lab01 mcp e Tell CodeWarrior where to save your project files You ll always want to save to your flash drive in a folder whose name is the same as your project In the screen below I m saving to a folder named Lab01 inside some other folders on my flash EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 3 Revised 6 25 2014 drive Of course you ll decide for yourself how to organize your flash drive Please choose the set of languages to be Project name You can make multiple c IV Absolute assembly r Relocatable assembly Back Nei Beh Cancel 7 There are two more screens in the New Project Wizard that you could get to by clicking Next But we won t make any changes to those screens so you can skip them by clicking Finish now 8 Using Windows My Computer take a look at the files on your flash drive You should see that CodeWarrior has already created many files and folders inside the Lab01 folder Do not move rename or delete any of those files CodeWarrior uses them all 9 Back in CodeWarrior you ll see the following screen F e b r Vew Search Preet Procener Expat Devceltalusten Window Heip BES Eoe XS Sa NF ORL ERD R Shoe Tee on Sato Netto J Coe EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 4 Revised 6 25 2014 Some people like
15. ress in hex of the locations displayed on that row Following this address are the contents in hex of eight memory locations Each memory location holds one byte so we need two hex digits to show the contents of each memory location For example reading across the first row in the picture we can see that Memory location 0080 holds the value 00 or 0000 0000 in binary Memory location 0081 also holds the value 00 Memory location 0082 also holds the value 00 Memory location 0083 holds the value 20 or 0010 0000 in binary Memory location 0084 holds the value 05 or 0000 0101 in binary Memory locations 0085 0086 0087 all hold the value 00 Question In the picture above what hex value does memory location 0088 hold What hex value does memory location 008A hold What hex value does memory location 008F hold _ 2 Just as we saw above how to view the register contents in binary or decimal instead of hex we can do the same thing with memory To change the display place your mouse anywhere inside the Memory window and right click Then roll over Format in the pop up menu and you ll see several choices Click Bin and you ll see the memory contents displayed in binary Because binary notation takes up a lot more space than hex notation you ll probably now see only four memory locations listed on each row instead of eight 3 Change the Format back from Binary to Hex 4 To view the contents of other memory loc
16. s power In the table below I ve listed one CPU register Accumulator A and four addresses One of these addresses is a special function register one is located in EEPROM one is located in RAM and one is located in Flash Using the memory map from a few pages ago identify which one is which and record this information in the table s second column Then go on to Step 2 below Register or Description for example Contents before Contents after Address Flash RAM etc cycling power cycling power Accumulator A CPU Register 33 Address 3002 33 Address 0002 33 Address 0802 33 Address 5002 33 Use the debugger s Register window to set Accumulator A s value to 33 and use the Memory window to set the values of the four listed addresses to 33 By default CodeWarrior erases the HCS12 s Flash and EEPROM whenever you start the debugger For now we want to disable this feature so select MONITOR HCS12 gt Communication in the debugger s menu bar You ll see the dialog box below Monitor Setup a x Monitor Communication Vector Table Miroring Load Options HOST Serial Communication Port Please select in this dialog the serial communication port used to connect to the hardware HOST Serial Communication Port X Communication protocol Show Monitor TX RX Lox c EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 12 Revised 6 25 2014 4 Select the Load Options tab in th
17. tents of the registers inside the HCS12 This is an important window that we ll use frequently e Procedure which we ll usually ignore e Memory which shows the contents of the HCS12 s thousands of memory locations This is an important window that we ll use frequently 4 Let slook more closely at the Register window which should look like this HC12 Auto D 0 A 0 B 0 Ix 0 TY 0 IP 4000 PC 4000 PPAGE 3F SP 4000 CCR SXHINZVC As you ll learn in class the HCS12 s central processing unit contains seven or eight depending on how you count them registers that are central to the HCS12 s operation Most of the instructions in HCS12 programs use or change the values in these registers The registers are called e Accumulator A abbreviated A e Accumulator B abbreviated B e Accumulator D abbreviated D which is actually just Accumulators A and B combined together Index Register X abbreviated IX Index Register Y abbreviated TY Program Counter abbreviated PC Stack Pointer abbreviated SP e Condition Code Register abbreviated CCR The Register window also shows the contents two other registers These are for advanced features that we won t use in this course so we ll ignore these registers e Program Page Register abbreviated PPAGE e Instruction Pointer abbreviated IP For us the contents of this register will usually be the same as the contents of the Program Counter 5 CodeWarrior has a special way of displa
18. use two hex digits An address of a memory location is four hex digits long since we ll never go beyond address FFFF and the value stored in a memory location is two hex digits long We ve seen that each row in the Memory window starts with a hex address followed by the hex contents of eight memory locations But what is the additional information to the right of that For example in the picture below what is the meaning of r at the end of the first row Answer These are the ASCII characters corresponding to the values in that row For example if you consult a table of ASCII codes you ll find that 40 is the ASCII code for the Q symbol Also 72 is the ASCII code for the letter r Most of the values in this first row are not the ASCII code for any character so they are displayed as a period in this last part of the window Most of the time we don t care about ASCII codes If you find this information distracting you can follow these steps to hide the ASCII characters EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 10 Revised 6 25 2014 e Right click anywhere inside the Memory window and then roll over Display in the pop up menu Notice that ASCII has a checkmark next to it e Click ASCII to turn off the ASCII display You can always turn it back on by following these same steps e Notice that CodeWarrior also lets you turn off the display of the addresses in the Memory window but that would not be a good idea since then you wouldn t know
19. which memory locations you re looking at 7 You now know how to see the value stored in any of the HCS12 s memory locations Find and record the hex contents of the following memory locations Address Contents in hex 0000 0100 FCAE FFFF 6 Changing the Contents of Memory 1 The Memory window not only lets us see what values are currently stored in memory It also lets us change these values To change a value double click it and then type the new value To practice doing this set the following memory locations to the values shown Address Value 2200 3D 2205 1000 1001 221F 4C 2222 1111 0000 Call me over to check your work There will be times when we want to assign the same value to all of the memory locations in a range of addresses To do this right click anywhere inside the Memory window and then select Fill A dialog box will open in which you can specify a beginning address an ending address and the value to be assigned to all of the locations in the range you ve specified To practice doing this fill the following ranges with the values shown Address Range Value 1200 121F 7E 1750 179F 1010 0110 Call me over to check your work EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 11 Revised 6 25 2014 7 How Power Loss Affects the Contents of Registers and Memory 1 Let s see whether the values in the HCS12 s registers and memory are lost when the chip lose
20. ying the contents of the Condition Code Register This register holds eight bits and each bit has its own name for example the S bit the X bit the H bit and so on Each bit can have a value of 1 or 0 If its value is 1 CodeWarrior displays its name in black If its value is 0 CodeWarrior displays its name in gray Looking at your screen right now record the value of each bit S X H Iz Nz Z V C 6 By default CodeWarrior displays the contents of the other registers in hex That s usually what we want but occasionally it s more useful to see the contents displayed in binary or in decimal To change the display place your mouse anywhere inside the Register window and right click Then roll over Format in the pop up menu and you ll EET 2261 Lab 1 Page 6 Revised 6 25 2014 see several choices Click Bin and you ll see the registers contents displayed in binary This lets us see how many bits each registers holds You may have to scroll to the right to see some of the bits Recalling that one byte equals eight bits complete the following table Register Number of Bits Number of Bytes A B D IX IY PC SP CCR Now change the Format back from Binary to Hex The Register window not only lets us see what values are currently in the registers It also lets us change these values To change a value simply double click it and then type the new value The CCR is a litt
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