S T R A P
Contents
1. e a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ad a a a a a a a dead Max live Min dead Pe LL a ur mrar ar araar ar arar ar a aaa a aa CREME ORDRE Lor e t ul t o a TEE Tc TEE C ERIT mr aF ccrssbEETTESTTI FESES CIE anon Fl STRAP Main Menu highlight DEMO 4 plane frame LOADS in the model list m Click the icon in the side menu Load case 1 dead loads Click the icon enter the load case tile type Dead loads and click the button specify Beam loads and click the icon Click the F icon opecify M Select only beams parallel to a beam and click the Select all beams button Select the parallel beam the load will be applied only to beams parallel to this one move the adjacent to any horizontal beam so that the beam is highlighted with a Bl click the mouse Type in the uniform load 2 21 check that Direction FX2 and click to continue load The program creates the loads and draws them on the screen Click the icon Load case 2 live loads E Click the icon enter the load case tile type Live loads and click the button proceed as described for Load case 1 except enter a uniform load 13 to define the poi2. Restrained at z face Iv Major axis restrained IY axis restrained Click the Continuous support button Click the Individual beams button and select beams 4 7 and 8 Click the End button Combined beams Restrained at z face Combine members 11 and 12 to form a single design unit and specify the major axis support provided by beam 3 comb Click the 584 icon in the side menu Specify the following supports at the common nodes Major axis bending Buckling Restrained at z face M Major axis restrained Minor axis restrained Click the Select each beams individually Select beams 11 and 12 click on beam 11 click on beam 12 and then click on beam 12 again to end the selection Restrained at z face Compute I click the icon and click the button the program now selects the lightest section according to the user defined parameters All load combination are checked for axial bending shear LTB and combined stress capacity and for slenderness and deflection limitations The program displays a table showing for each member the section selected the critical combination the slenderness deflection and the capacity ratios actual capacity for each of the design checks click Exit in the menu bar Version 11 5 2 27 12 04 STRAP Graphic results click Results in the menu bar click Display selected sections in the
3. Click the 8k button Click All beams Solve the model STRAP will create one case for each strip in the model a unit load is applied to the strip i e 240 load cases will be solved in this model Demo version The large number of load cases exceeds the limit of the Demo version To continue please go to Demo 11 which is identical to this model but includes the result files Regular version Select File in the menu bar and Solve in the pulldown menu and then continue according to the instructions in Demo 11 Version 11 5 2 39 12 04 STRAP 2 11 Demo 11 Bridge analysis Results Main Menu Highlight Demo 11 Two lanes bridge Results Click Design in the menu bar and Bridge model in the pull down menu Display influence lines Display influence lines for any STRAP beam element or node for any result type For example display the influence line for M2 moment at the center of beam 111 Select Results in the menu bar Draw influence lines for selected result Select Draw influence lines Display table af influence lines Print table of influence lines Erase influence lines trom display Draw applied loads for selected result Display table of applied loads Print table of applied loads Erase applied loads from display Print drawing Update STRAP resutt files Influence lines for 9 Hode deflections Beam results Select Beam results Elemen
4. Not used Not used Mot used Select 3 Undefined D efine Hevise Assign Click Define revise click the icon and select 2L and 150x150x10 click Click the button to complete the property definition Click the 210 icon You have now completed the definition of the geometry and the loads To select the next Demo model Click File in the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 7 12 04 STRAP 2 2 Demo 2 Plane Grid Define the grid of finite elements shown in Figure D 2 Demo 2 demonstrates S TRAP s powerful features of automatically generating a mesh of elements The user can define an area of any shape which may also include holes in it and the size of the elements that he wants The program identifies existing supports e g columns and includes them in the mesh nodes When defining a mesh area adjacent to an already defined mesh the program will take care of a smooth connection between the elements of the two areas Figure D 2 Main Menu double click DEMO Empty model in the models list This is an empty demo model that allows you to define any size model up to the program capacity Preliminary Menu setthe default Units to meter and kN the Display width range from 5 to 60 and the Display height range from 5 to 40 if necessary set the Model type to Grid defined
5. Automatic by the program C With increment of Connect copies with beams click the button Version 11 5 2 13 12 04 STRAP The program creates the new trusses Click the Ed button in the icon bar twice and the e button once to rotate the model to the isometric view Click the menu icon e Restraints Click E in the icon bar note that restraints we not copied To define them on the copied trusses Click the icon oe Click the P licon in the Restraints option menu at the side of the screen Clickthe Individual nodes button and select the 12 new base nodes e Definition of the transverse truss Click the icon Click the Model wizard button in the submodel menu Click the icon Parallelogram truss Define one bay only 4 panels number of panels Typical panel length Truss height OK Cancel the program displays the model click to continue H Click the button The Wizard defines by default two support restraints Click E in the icon to display them As our structure is a submodel we have to delete them Click the a icon a Click the icon Click Select all nodes button Click the nen icon Version 11 5 2 14 12 04 STRAP Copy the truss to create 3 bays E Click the J icon the main menu r1 Click the m icon in the copy options menu Click the Select all nodes
6. Click E in the icon bar to zoom in on any part of the model Figure D5a shows the lower left corner e Contour map Click the 2 icon Specify Graphic display Display type Element results contour map H Result type Moment in X direction M and M Fill contour regions with colour click the button the program displays the results as shown in Figure D 5b Results along a line m Click the 20 icon Specify Graphic display Display type Element results along a line H Result type Moment in X direction M click the Define a section line button define the horizontal section line shown in Figure D 5c click the Parallel to X1 button Move the to any point on the first interior horizontal line i e so that X277 is displayed the bottom dialog box Click the mouse Define additional section lines or click the button click the button the program draws moment diagrams along the sections as shown in Figure D 5c To select the next Demo model Click File in the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 21 12 04 STRAP 2 6 Demo 6 Result Combinations For the plane frame defined in Demo 1 and Demo 3 display results for beams The example will demonstrate the use of the Combinations options to create a series of combinations 1 2D 1 2W 1 2L BS8110 each combining the wind load case with one of the staggered load cases
7. Please note the following n STRAP unlike some other programs you do not have to define the combinations along with the basic loading cases You can define them after the solution and change them as you like without solving the model again e STRAP also has an option to define a group of load cases If a group is added to a combination definition the program will either automatically generate a different combination for each load in the group add the sum of the load cases in the group to the combination Using this feature when applicable can reduce the work required to create large numbers of loading combinations Main Menu Define the group highlight DEMO 6 plane frame Results in the model list click Results in the menu bar e Combinations click Combinations in the menu bar Click Define revise groups in the pull down menu click the Add revise a group button Click the first UNDEFINED group in the list type in a group name and click the button Group definition Select the load cases included group g 1 Load case Include dead loads lve loads Staggered load no Staggered load na Click each of the Staggered load no n so Staggered load na that YES is displayed on the right hand staggered load no side of the table opposite these cases Staggered load na Staggered load na wind load 1 zu 3 4 b n B 4 Cancel click the b
8. move the adjacent to node B1 so that the node is highlighted with W click the mouse Similarly select nodes B2 B3 B4 and B1 again to close the contour of the opening Select End contour definition Arrange the mesh parameters menu as follows Hesh grid parameters Grid step In direction Set the Grid step fo 2 0 In Y direction Minimum element size 0 25 Iv Align grid with existing nodes Set the Grid step fo 1 3 Set Align grid with existing nodes Ignare existing nades Align with and split existing beams Grid angle Click the button Version 11 5 2 10 12 04 STRAP The program superimposes the preliminary mesh 6 0 x 4 0 on the area defined by the contour Move a horizontal line Move a vertical line Move the e Vertical spacing Horizontal spacing Click the button The elements as displayed in Figure D 2b are generated Note that the existing elements in the contour area are erased Click the button when the program asks Is the mesh OK Define the element thickness E click the P F icon double click the 1 Undefined line all elements were assigned to Property Group no 1 by default Setthe Thickness 25 cm click the button Click the button to complete the property definition i Click the en icon You have now completed the definition of the geometry To
9. Create load cases by permuting to selected lane s from lane amp 1 to lane 2 Assign B Click the Assign button Cancel Click the button i e Display selected results The program displays the loads applied to the various strips that are required to generate the maximum minimum result For example display the maximum absolute value for Mx result in the center of element 58 Select Results in the menu bar Version 11 5 2 42 12 04 STRAP Draw influence lines for selected result Display table of influence lines Print table of influence lines Erase influence lines from display Chews rere oe ter ellen pend Select Draw applied loads for selected results Display table of applied loads Print table of applied loads Erase applied loads from display Print drawing Update STRAF result files Type of extremum Masimum results C Minimum results Absolute value maximum Select Absolute value maximum Cancel eic the button Applied loads for Made deflection Beam results Element results Select Element results Node reactions Element result type Fa Select result type and location withinthe element Location Atcentre Result 0B hs Select Result type and Location FIM C AEJB AJC __ Click the button select element 58
10. Set the Model Type to Space frame amp Click the icon Models wizard Click the Frame truss button 2 12 12 04 STRAP Specify the parameters no of panels in left column of panels at left side Typical column panel length 2 Typical truss panel length column width at base Total truss height Truss camber OK Cancel Click the button H The program displays the model click to continue Copythe frame truss Click 3 in the menu bar to display the node numbers note that it will be very convenient to switch the node numbers on off many times during the course of building this model these instructions will not mention it every time i4 Click the _ icon in the main menu rl Click the _ icon in the copy options menu Click the Select all nodes button Select a reference mode move the adjacent to node 1 so that the node is highlighted with W click the mouse Define the new location of the reference node Click by coordinates button Type the coordinates X1 0 X2 0 X3 8 in the box at the bottom of the screen Click to continue Number of copies Node numbering Set Number of copies 3 Cancel Hd C Automatic by the program SN ith increment of Beam ele numbering Forconvenience in identifying nodes in parallel trusses set increment 100
11. adjacent to any beam so that the beam is highlighted with a W click the mouse opecify Display envelope only and click the button The program displays the detailed results for the beam Scroll though them click Exit in the table menu bar Columns opecify t Columns in the side menu Default parameters HH defau Click the ___licon Structure braced Far v 2 moment v moment opecify Click the Detailing tap Version 11 5 2 30 12 04 STRAP Specify the column lap and link details click the button Define Define the continuous columns in the model The program assumes that columns are parallel to the Height axis and can create them automatically Click the icon click the Automatic definition of all columns button click the Display revise columns button move the n adjacent to any column so that the column is highlighted with click the mouse The program displays the continuous column schematically click the button display more columns or click the button Compute I comp Click the icon Specify For all defined columns and click the button The program calculates reinforcement for all of the columns and displays a summary table listing the results click Exit in the table menu bar Results select Results in the menu bar at the top of the screen Select Display detailed results in the pull down menu
12. click the __ button Geometry Define the grid of support nodes E Click the 99de icon click the 9 4 icon Define nodes on grid base as Equally spaced Select Equally spaced C Unequally spaced C An existing line of nodes Cancel EL and click the button Version 11 5 2 8 12 04 STRAP The base line starts at coordinates 0 0 type 0 the cursor automatically enters the X12 box and press Enter The cursor moves to the X2 box type 0 and press Enter Press Enter or click the button Alternatively move the on the screen so that the coordinate in the Dialog box at the bottom of the screen are 1 0 and X2 0 click the mouse The base line ends at coordinates 50 0 type 50 and press Enter The cursor moves to the X22 box type 0 and press Enter Press Enter three times or click the button Alternatively move the on the screen so that the coordinate the Dialog box atthe bottom of the screen are 1 50 and X2 0 click the mouse Specify 5 segments and click the button Define the nodes on the grid height line as Equally spaced and click the button The height line ends at coordinates 50 32 5 type 50 and press Enter The cursor moves to the X2 box type 32 5 and press Enter Press Enter three times or click the button Alternatively move the on the screen so that the coordinates in the Dialog box at th
13. Display the results in STRAP Select File in the toolbar and Static results in the pulldown menu click the Graphics Graphic display Wall results Moment SL On a The moments in the walls are displayed Version 11 5 2 58 12 04 STRAP 3 Miscellaneous 3 1 Defining new models New models with up to 12 nodes may be defined saved and solved select Files in the menu bar select New model in the pull down menu Revise model title if necessary Enter title for new model max 70 char PO Cancel arrange the preliminary geometry menu Units ton 7 Title Display width Display height Select the default units Enter the model title 15 wizard Model type C Plane frame C Grid click Continue to proceed to geometry Select the model type Space frame C Truss Cancel Version 11 5 2 59 12 04 STRAP 3 2 How to Use HELP The windows version of STRAP provides the user with extensive on line Help the entire User s Manual is an integral part of the program and may be displayed at any time STRAP Help uses the standard Windows Help format a window containing the Help is displayed on the right half of the screen There are two ways to call Help while running the program press the key Help for the current option will be displayed Click the Help option in the menu bar at the top of the sc
14. STRAP Supports Click the icon the side menu opecify the following supports Major axis bending Buckling Restrained at z face Major axis restrained wW axis restrained Click the button Click the button and select the beams 7 8 9 10 11 12 Specify Distance from beam start 4 5 Click the button i Click the icon Specify the following supports Restrained at z face Major axis bending Buckling Restrained at z face Major axis restrained wW axis restrained Click the Intermediate supports button Click the Individual beams button and select the columns 23 24 opecify Distance from beam start 3 0 Click the Next support button opecify Distance from beam start 6 0 Click the Next support j button opecify Distance from beam start 9 0 Click the Next support j button Click the button Use the Display option to check your definition Restrained at z face Combined beams Combine members 1 2 3 and 4 5 6 to form a single design unit i comb Click the icon the side menu opecify the following supports at the common nodes Major axis bending Buckling Restrained at z face Major axis restrained Restrained at z face axis restrained Version 11 5 2 36 12 04 STRAP Click the Select start and end beams in a line Select
15. button Selectareference node move the n adjacent to node 1 lower left corner of the submodel so that the node is highlighted a W click the mouse Define the new location of the reference node click the at an existing node button move the adjacent to node 5 lower right corner of the submodel so that the node is highlighted with a I click the mouse Set Number of copies 2 and click the button the program creates and draws the truss Click the full drawing icon in the icon bar at the top of the screen Add the submodel to the main model main Click the A icon 4 Click the icon Select reference nodes move the adjacent to node 22 at lower right end so that the node is highlighted with a W click the mouse Select nodes 1 and 6 Define the new location of the reference nodes Select nodes 318 the ridge of the bottom chord of the first frame 18 the ridge of the bottom chord of the last frame and 32 the ridge of the top chord of the last frame or type the node numbers in the Dialog box at the bottom of the screen Duplicate the transverse truss We will use the Zoom option Number of windows to simplify the node selection procedure Select Zoom in the menu bar at the top of the screen move the n adjacent to Number of windows and then click Display 2 geometry windows movethe adjacent to the right window and double click the mouse or click the title bar t
16. move the adjacent to any column so that the beam is highlighted with a W click the mouse Specify f Design combination only and click the button The program displays the detailed results for the column Scroll though them click Exit in the table menu bar Column schedule Click the raw J icon click the New table button type in the table name select the table size and orientation Click click Select all beams to include all columns in the table Version 11 5 2 31 12 04 STRAP specify the schedule format parameters Margins Table cell width E n LeveliCal ae Levels text n m o o a a a a a O 55230 O Apes ede 56 thet atli 5E M Column size fe x2 axis M Bar sizes and quantity fe x3 axis M Links data click the button to display the schedule The schedule is displayed without the elevations and with diamond shaped additional links Let s add the elevation for column 4 and revise the links to rectangular ones Click the t Jicon Click and highlight COL 4 in the table and click the elevation button on the right of the dialog box a new line is added to the table click the button to display the schedule again with the elevation for column 4 8 Click the menu icon sat Click the 228 icon Click the Link types button
17. beams 1 and 3 EM Click the icon the side menu Specify the following supports at the common nodes Major axis bending Buckling Restrained at z face Major axis restrained Minor axis restrained Click the Select start and end beams in a line Select beams 4 and 6 Restrained at z face Use the Display option to check your definition Compute I Click the icon in the side menu Click the button the program now selects the lightest section according to the user defined parameters and slenderness and deflection limitations The program displays a table showing for each member the section selected the critical combination the slenderness deflection and the capacity ratios actual capacity for each of the design checks Click Exit in the table menu bar Results Select Results in the menu bar Select Display detailed results in the pull down menu Move the adjacent to column 23 so that the column is highlighted with a W click the mouse Specify Design combination only and click the button The program displays the detailed results for the column Scroll through them click Exit in the menu bar To select the next Demo model Click File in the top menu bar Select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 37 12 04 STRAP 2 10 Demo 10 Bridge loading analysis The bridge module automatically calculates the critical
18. bending minor axis buckling Combined beams Members 1 2 3 4 5 6 Define major axis buckling at the common nodes Version 11 5 2 33 12 04 STRAP Define the model e Sections Select Files in the menu bar of the STRAP models list Move the to Utilities and select Create Edit a steel section table Select File in the menu at the top of the screen Select Edit cold form table file Select Edit in the menu bar at the top of the screen Select Add section type in the pull down menu Click the button to open the section shape pull down menu Select 2C sections with lips front to front Type the Section type name as DCEE notice that DCEE in the section type menu is highlighted Click the button Select Edit in the menu bar and Select Add section to current type Section Type DcEE Section Name i 0x3 5x0 105 Thickness mm 2 667 Enter the dimensions Internal bent radius mm 4 7 525 Flange width mm 88 3 Height mm 254 Lip length mm 22 8b Cancel Click in the section data table Click File in the menu bar Click the button Click Exit in the file menu Main Menu Highlight Demo 9 Cold Formed in the model list Click Design in the menu bar at the top of the screen Click Steel postprocessor in the pull down menu Default parameters Note the current default parameters listed at the bottom o
19. click the mouse The program displays the location of the loads applied to achieve the max results Uniform Vehicle EE HE LX Version 11 5 2 43 12 04 STRAP Transfer results to STRAP Create a single STRAP load case consisting of a maximum result envelope for all results types moment shear etc Note that you can create separate load cases for each result type The program will search for the critical load pattern for each result type for each node element and beam 1 10 of span The results will be transferred to the STRAP results file Select Results in the menu bar select Update STRAP result file Update STRAP results files Fa Envelope results type Maximum Minimum Absolute Value Select envelope result type Beams Envelope for each result tupe each result type M Update reactions in STRAP results files M Update results for elements not on screen Mame Bridge Max abs envelope Type in name Lancel Click the button The program runs about one MILLION comparisons for each beam in this model for computing the envelope and takes a few minutes to complete the calculation Status of calculation Calculating now result for element 25 Checking load 1 Checking vehicle load Select File in the menu bar Select STRAP results to return to the STRAP results screen Combinations The model also con
20. end Move the adjacent to segment 8 so that it is highlighted with the click the mouse opecify the location of the end point of segment 9 at the mid point of section 8 as explained above for the start point Section 3 is now complete Click Close Now we Will attach the three wall sections to the model click the node number icon a in the icon bar to add the node numbers to the display oliin Tin rd 40 p click ine 33 36 wa select the wall section 23 Rg 24 30 2 OK Cancel wall no 1 Sect 1 Screen S y Type 1 and click l y yp er 29 attach section 1 to line 1 41 i M 18 move adjacent to node 1 so that it is highlighted with the g i 14 Wi click the mouse move thel adjacent to node 41 so that it 5 10 is highlighted with the click the mouse Pen PSI The program adds the wall section to the line 1 41 amp attach section 2 to line 2 42 Specify Sect 2 and select nodes 2 and 42 Note that the orientation of the wall is not correct We will rotate it after the other three walls have been attached Prs X Version 11 5 2 51 12 04 STRAP attach section 2 to line 3 43 opecify Sect 22 and select nodes 3 and 43 attach section 3 to line 4 44 opecify Sect 23 and select nodes 4 and 44 click the node number icon E the Isometric View icon tal and the Restraints icon e The model is displayed on theX1 X2 without numbering or restraint
21. menu bar The program superimposes the names of the selected sections on the model geometry click Results in the menu bar click Display capacity in the menu bar specify M Colour by capacity and Iv Display of capacity click the Result type box and select Axial force moment from the list displayed or any other type click the button the program superimposes the capacity percentage on the model geometry Note the colour coding of the members and the text To select the next Demo model Click File in the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 28 12 04 STRAP 2 8 Demo 8 Reinforced concrete design Design the beams and columns of the frame shown in Figure D 8 and create a column schedule 200 500 9 0 400x400 yp 3x3 ixhb5 2h l Figure D 8 Concrete Postprocessor Design Example Beams and columns are designed separately each has its own default parameters The continuous beams and columns must be defined by the user e Main Menu highlight Demo 8 concrete postprocessor in the model list click Design in the menu bar at the top of the screen click Concrete postprocessor in the pulldown menu Note Note the Height axis X2 parameter The program assumes by default that all members parallel to this axis are columns and that all members perpendicular to this axis are beams beam default parameters are listed at the bottom
22. mouse The will now appear at the correct location 4000 Click Close Define Wall 3 section Wall 3 is created by defining nine segments in the following order p Ref pt Note segments 3 and 5 are coupling beams segment 9 bisects segments 4 and 8 and divides them each into two new segments Click the 2 icon in the menu at the side of the screen Highlight section no 3 and click Edit add section Segment 1 Current segment properties 2 Thickness 300 Specify thickness 300 400 i Wall C Coupling beam H Segment ends at C Another segment end Specify DY 2000mm and press Enter C Within another segment The segment is drawn in the center box 2000 Co c e Segment 2 opecify DX 1000mm and press Enter The segment is drawn Segment 3 coupling beam 1000 Current segment properties Thickness 300 mm C Wall Coupling beam H Segment ends at v DX DY mm C Another segment end Specify Coupling beam H 800 mm Specify DX 1000mm and press Enter oem 7 2000 pm C Within another segment Version 11 5 2 49 12 04 STRAP Segment 4 Segment 5 Specify Wall and DX 2000 Specify Coupling beam and DX 1000 300 E 300 few 2000 DO 1000 ALLUR Segment 6 Segment 7 Specify Wall and DX 1000 Speci
23. of the screen They automatically apply to all beams in the model If you specify columns in the side menu different parameters will be displayed defau To change the default parameters click the __ icon 7 To define different parameters for a specific member click the H icon Beams Specify Beams in the side menu e Parameters HH defau Shear click the button and the tab Specify Shear reinforcement as t Links only Diameter Minz8 8 I Shear reduction Click the button Version 11 5 2 29 12 04 STRAP Define Define the continuous beams in the model The program assumes that beams are perpendicular to the Height axis and can create them automatically Click the define icon click the Automatic definition of all beams button click the Display revise beams button move the adjacent to any beam so that the beam is highlighted with a B click the mouse The program displays the continuous beam schematically click the button display more beams or click the button Compute I comp Click the t _Jicon Specify For all defined beams and click the button The program calculates moment and shear reinforcement for all of the beams and displays a summary table listing the results click Exit in the table menu bar Results select Results in the menu bar at the top of the screen select Display detailed results in the pull down menu move the
24. screen Type in the coordinates X1 0 0 X2 20 0 X3 3 0 in the dialog box Define the element mesh click the icon Click OK uit al CSO Ine sip Select the four corner nodes and end the selection by clicking the first corner again Contour definition x Select End contour definition Specify Grid steps X 2 4 Y 2 0 and click OK 0 4642 1 xl Version 11 5 2 53 12 04 STRAP click in the Elements menu click Dummy element ELEMENT SELECTION Select by window select by polygon Select meshes x Select meshes Select all elements Select elements with C One node in the window polygon All nodes the window polygon Select only elements in a selected plane Multiple selection Limit selection by property select any two nodes in the mesh Click on Remove in the toolbar at the top of the screen select Limit display to a plane Cancel last plane selection Cancel last plane selection Change tolerance Cancel click the Isometric View icon ta Copy the slab to the other nine levels rl Click the 2 icon in the main menu rl Click the 2 icon in the copy options menu Click the By levels button Select level as the height axis select 3 00 and click Select a reference mode move the adjacent to the node in the left co
25. Ne of storeys K Cancel Total width 24 height Dimensions the dimension of the third bay to 7 5 m click the button Move the n to the horizontal dimension line so that the dimension of the third bay is highlighted with the rectangular blip click the mouse Enter the new dimension Cancel x Enter the new dimension Click the button Version 11 5 2 5 12 04 STRAP Do you want to revise Select This dimension only All identical dimensions on this line Press Esc right click the mouse to end the revision of dimensions Click the button to leave the Model Wizard The program now enters the regular geometry module Geometry n E E click 3 in the menu bar to display the node numbers To define the bracing click the icon the Main menu Click the icon in the Beam options menu at the side of the screen move the into the Dialog box at the bottom of the screen and set 3 click Screen move the adjacent to node so that the node is highlighted with a click the mouse move the adjacent to node 9 so that the node is highlighted with a W click the mouse the program creates a beam linking nodes 3 and 9 n a similar manner create a beam linking nodes 4 and 8 Copy the bracing to all floors Click the en icon rl Click the icon rl Cli
26. Seismic analysis in the tool bar and Parameters in the pulldown menu Select another code If UBC is not displayed in the title of the Minimum no of modes to consider of 10 box click Select another code and select Earthquake direction UBC 1997 Soil profile type S Importance factor 1 i Structural factor R Seismic zone factor Z Near source factors Na n Cancel Scaling of results No scaling Total seismic dead load W C Scaling for regular structures C Scaling for irregular structures 100 96 Period T S click the Tables 2 icon Display dynamic results tables Result type C Display eigenvalues C Display mode shape Seismic analysis results C Display deflections at nodes C Display forces on nodes C Display beam element loads C Display elementioads C Display solid element stresses Display wall loads C Display modal results The results for all wall segments are displayed on the screen Version 11 5 Display results for C Mode shape no RSS over modes tol 8 Average results at adjacent wall elements Display results for elements not on screen Cancel 2 57 12 04 STRAP Add the dynamic results to the static results file Select Seismic analysis in the toolbar and Update static results files in the pulldown menu Create 7 Update STRAP results files
27. To define different parameters for a specific member click the m icon Section types The program can select the lightest section from a list type or group or check a specified section 15 Click the 29 icon in the side menu opecify Limit section to section type and select UB click the button Click Select all beams Select Display in the menu bar and Section type group check in the pulldown menu UB is displayed adjacent to every beam n Click the 29 icon in the side menu Specify Limit section to section type and select UC click the button Set M Select only beams parallel to a beam click Select all beams jand select any column member al Click the 9P icon and select 2L in the listbox Click Click the Individual beams button Select the two diagonal bracing members Identical mE Click the 282 icon in the side menu Click the Define lines of identical beams button opecify One node in the window polygon and click the Select by window button Create a window about the lower end of all the columns Note that each column forms a separate identical group Version 11 5 2 26 12 04 STRAP ame Click the 2262 icon Clickthe Select a series of identical beams button Clickthe Individual beams button and select the two diagonal members e Supports zl Click the PP icon the side menu Specify the following supports Major axis bending Buckling
28. analysis This example is a continuation of Example 2 12 The files for this model contain the geometry as defined as well as the following static loads applied to all floor slabs on all levels Dead 8 0 kN m2 Live 1 5 kN m2 The mass used for the dynamic analysis will be based on these static loads Main Menu highlight DEMO 13 WALLS DYNAMIC in the model list click on Dynamics in the toolbar and Weight data in the pulldown menu click the Medes icon No of mode shapes to be calculated Calculate natural frequencies within a convergence tolerance of 10 Apply weight in Eccentricity X1 direction dxi V X2 direction dx X3 direction dx3 Cancel static click the Lead j icon Static Load Static load case DEAD Addition mode Add static load to nodal weights C Replace nodal weights by static load 6X3 Static load component XI Factor ft Select File in the toolbar and Solve the model in the pulldown menu Select Seismic analysis in the tool bar and Method for combining modes in the pulldown menu Version 11 5 2 56 12 04 STRAP Method for combining mode shapes ES Complete Quadratic Combination Maximum frequency cutoff Iv Assign to the RSS the signs of the results calculated for the dominant mode shape Always add missing mass correction to the combinations Cancel Select
29. and select Use rectangular links where possible click Select all beams to revise all the columns in the model EE piac click the button and click the 918 icon Click To display the revised schedule To select the next Demo model click File the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 32 12 04 STRAP 2 9 Demo 9 Light gauge steel design 12 12 Figure D9 Light Gauge Steel Design This demo demonstrates the definition and design of a structure fabricated from Cold formed light gauge steel sections The program designs cold formed sections according to one of the following codes e AISI ASD or LRFD specification 1996 e AISI ASD specification 1986 with the 1989 addendum The user may use the standard section tables included in the program or define his own sections Note that structures with both cold formed and hot rolled sections may be designed by the program The following design data will be defined in the demo Sections truss members limit sections to C Lips Columns limit sections to CDEE Identical beams Members 23 24 specified as an identical group Members 7 8 9 10 11 12 21 22 specified as an identical group Members 1 2 3 4 5 6 specified as identical group Intermediate supports Members 7 8 9 10 11 12 support for Z major axis bending minor axis buckling Members 23 24 support for Z major axis
30. ck the icon in the Copy options menu at the side of the screen NODE SELECTION Click Individual nodes Select by window Cancel Select by polygon Select all nodes Multiple selection move the adjacent to node 3 so that the node is highlighted with a W click the mouse Similarly select nodes 4 8 and 9 after the node 9 has been selected click the mouse again without moving the crosshair or click the End selection button in the Dialog box at the bottom of the screen Select the reference node move the adjacent to node 3 so that the node is highlighted with a W click the mouse Version 11 5 2 6 12 04 STRAP button and select node 8 Select the new location of the reference node click the ee OK Number of copies 1 Set Number of copies fo 2 Node numbering Cancel f Automatic by the program Select Automatic numbering C With increment of Beam ele numbering Select Automatic numbering Automatic by the program C With increment of Connect copies with beams click the program creates and draws the new bracing Define the section properties of the bracing Click the menu icon Click the ed icon Click the a icon Beams properties Properties Groups Additional options Description UB 406 1 40x39 UC 356x368x129
31. e bottom of the screen are X1 50 and X2 32 5 or dX1 0 and dX2 32 5 click the mouse Specify 5 segments and click the button the program creates a grid of nodes and displays them on the screen Note that nodes not attached to elements are ignored by the program main Click the menu icon Define the supports Click the icon Click the icon in the Restraints option menu at the side of the screen gt NODE SELECTION Individual nodes S Lees Select by polygon Select all nodes Click Select all nodes Multiple selection the program creates the pinned supports click in the icon bar at the to p of the screen to draw them on the nodes Version 11 5 2 9 12 04 STRAP Click the menu icon Define the mesh of elements _ PFS click the s icon E click the 2 icon Elements mesh Es OK _ Select Generate nodes C Use existing nodes only Cancel C Use 3D projection of existing nodes Mesh type i Rectangular C Skew C Circular x Select Rectangular and click the button Define the contour line enclosing the floor area move the adjacent to node A1 Figure D 2b so that the node is highlighted with click the mouse Similarly select nodes A2 to A8 and A1 again to close the contour Contour definition Define contour of a hole Click Define contour of a hole Cancel
32. e program copied the transverse trusses only because it automatically eliminates double members generated by the command To select another model Click the File in the top menu bar Select STRAP models list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 16 12 04 STRAP 2 4 Demo 4 Chess Loads In this Demo we will create the following load cases for the frame defined in DEMO1 This Demo demonstrates STRAP s unique Chess load option that automatically generates the critical loading cases from basic Dead load and Live load cases a amp b in the drawings The program by itself identifies the continuous beams and applies the dead load and live load to the appropriate spans and with the correct load factors The program is smart enough to identify intermediate nodes if defined and ignore them when applying the load define the dead loads shown in Figure a in load case 1 define all live loads shown in Figure b in load case 2 e use the program Chess loads option to automatically create load cases d and e Version 11 5 21 keir tty RIRIA Qon PED Dead loads 24 kh 24 kh 13 typ Sos SoS e CIE SS So E a ae e r So A bi Live loads dead Max live fall spans CERERI Pe Ms Me
33. ed by copying the files from the diskettes or CD To install the program e Insert the CD in its drive Follow the instructions on the CD case back cover Follow the instructions displayed on the screen Then define the program directory and select the modules to be installed The program should be installed in a separate directory the installation program will open a new directory if the directory with the name entered does not exist STRAF Setup Options E4 Install to 5 1 Set Location Installation Options Tochange the program folder click Set Location _ Set the required program modules to M Note that the entire program does not have to be installed a useful feature for updates Iv Help files ABK M Dynamic module v Steel postprocessor i DXF import export Installation Space Required 32 K Space Available 2506698 Exit Help Click to begin the installation Version 11 5 1 2 12 04 STRAP 1 2 Hints Help Note that Help is available at any point by pressing the key the program will display the manual page for the current option Refer to 3 2 Undo If you made a mistake simply click the Undo option in the menu bar at the top of the screen the program will delete the previous definition step Icon bar Note the row of small icons below the menu bar at the top of the screen Clicking an icon provides access to many
34. eee ACT Rt Windows STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM TUTORIAL amp DEMO Examples Metric units Version 11 5 December 2004 12 04 STRAP Disclaimer The STRAP programs have been written by a team of highly qualified engineers and programmers and have been extensively tested Nevertheless the authors of the software do not assume responsibility for the validity of the results obtained from the programs or for the accuracy of this documentation The following examples demonstrate various program options used for defining the geometry and loads for structural models and for displaying their results These examples were designed as teaching aids only and should not be considered as a guide for accurate modeling of similar structures The authors remind the user that the programs are to be used as a tool for structural analysis and that the engineering judgement of the user is the final arbiter in the development of a suitable model and the interpretation of the results The user must verify his own results Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk Inc Acrobat is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Inc Version 11 5 ii 12 04 STRAP Table of Contents 1 ee ee Ga 1 1 1 1 Installing the Program 1 2 1 2 PIS ru
35. ej 5 Coupling Coupling beam heam 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 el 800 00 Wall 3 0 24000 4000 3 Note e this example explains how to define the geometry for dynamic analysis and interpretation of the results refer to e The model is used for dynamic analysis only the slabs are defined with dummy elements the in plane rigidity is provided by rigid links columns are not defined because their contribution to the lateral stiffness is negligible To define the model Main Menu Double click DEMO Empty model in the model list Preliminary Menu Set the Model Type to Space frame dined click the aa button Geometry Define the wall reference nodes 1 2 3 4 at ground level X3 0 0 qu a click the 949 icon click the 24 icon Node 1 Move the crosshair to X1 0 0 X2 8 0 X3 0 0 and click the mouse Node no i xi Hos H Screen End definition Version 11 5 2 46 12 04 STRAP Node 2 Move the crosshair to X1 24 0 X2 20 0 X3 0 0 and click the mouse Node 3 Move the crosshair to X1 24 0 X2 0 0 X3 0 0 and click the mouse Node 4 Move the crosshair to X1 9 15 X2 13 85 X3 0 0 and click the mouse Click End definition Define the supports Click the menu icon Click the icon Click the ed icon Click the Select all nodes bu
36. els list select Files in the menu bar and click New model Remember that only models with 12 nodes or less can be saved in the Demo version Refer to 3 1 Try the Models wizard option you only have to type in a few parameters to create standard structural models Note that the models available in the preprocessor are dependant on the Model type specified click the Wizard button and the program will display the models that may be defined Beam element properties Beam properties section properties dimensions or steel section are defined for property groups each beam is then assigned to a group Revise the whole group instead of making tedious member by member changes Click the Display option in the menu bar and select Property name to verify that the correct property was assigned to all of the beams in the model Version 11 5 1 3 12 04 STRAP 2 Demo examples select the STRAP icon in the Windows Program Manager screen The program Main Menu and model list is displayed The model list initially contains the names of the models supplied with the Demo Remember that the geometry and loads of these models may be revised but the revisions will not be saved E STRAP models list C STRAPISDEMO4 Files Geometm Loads Solve Results Design D rnamics Eal i Fn FC x H Medelname CC FFA DEMO Empty model FFH DEMO 4 plane frame LOADS kid DEMO 5 grid mesh RESULTS Eid DEMO plane f
37. erican if necessary Major axis direction Fas CB For columns click the table icon and select UC and 356x368x129 Define dead live and wind loads and load factors for combinations The model wizard creates standard load cases from the basic load data For the plane frame wizard nine cases are created Press to display more details Note that loads defined by a wizard in the Demo version are not saved and cannot be displayed Loads for this frame are also defined in Demo 4 Define dead and live load Uniform Yertical Loads Dead load 8 7 Live load EM Type in the dead load value in the live load value in the self weight factor Click the button Self weight factor E XN 3 Version 11 5 2 4 12 04 STRAP Define Wind loads Uniform Wind Loads XESE Wind on left column moo Type in the wind loads Wind on right column OK Skip Skip all Define combination factors Dead Live Dead max Dead min Live Dead Live Wind Dead Live Wind Dead Wind Wind OK Skip Skip all The program now creates the model according to the parameters and displays it on the screen with the following Dialog Box at the bottom Click the button Enter the load factors Click the button of bays
38. es and additional nodes may be defined However revisions to the geometry and loading will not be saved detailed instructions for defining the geometry or loading of models or viewing their results Demo 2 1 to Demo 2 11 The 11 existing models are DEMO Empty model an empty model i e it contains no existing geometry It may be used to define any model up to the program capacity 32 000 nodes e g the models in Demo 2 1 Demo 2 2 and Demo 2 3 However the geometry will not be saved e DEMO 4 to DEMO 11 the models corresponding to Demo 2 4 to Demo 2 11 These Demo examples describe the definition of loads viewing of results and use of the design postprocessors e Ramp Stadium etc 4 large solved models intended primarily for displaying results Note e he Windows version of STRAP provides the user with extensive on line Help the entire User s Manual is an integral part of the program and may be displayed at any time For instructions refer to section 3 2 Version 11 5 1 1 12 04 STRAP 1 1 Installing the Program Before starting the program installation make sure that you have all the hardware required to run STRAP Apersonal computer with Windows 95 98 2000 NT e Atleast 35 MB of free space on your hard disk The files on the STRAP installation diskettes or CD are in compressed format they are copied to the hard disk by an installation program The program cannot be install
39. es the load to each of the strips along the length of the lanes only those loads that contribute to the requested maximum minimum result are used DEFINE lanes C vehicle lane load load case Select load cases Version 11 5 2 41 12 04 STRAP Click the icon Define three load cases 1 apply lane load A to lane 1 only 2 apply lane load A to lane 2 only 3 apply lane load A to both lane 1 and lane 2 Define load case 1 and 2 Create the load cases by specifying all possible permutations of the lane loads on the selected lanes The program will create load cases by interchanging the lane loads Load case definition EJ adras mad Lane Assigned load lane 1 lane load no A Select load Selectlane s lane 2 lane 1 lane 2 Jw Load case is active Select lane load Select lane 1 Click to assign selected load Create load cases bu permuting to selected lane s from lane 1 ta 2 Assign Specify all possible permutations on lanes 1 and 2 Click the Assign button Click the button Define load case no 3 Load case definition x load case na 3 Lane Assigned load lane 1 lane load Select load Selectlane s lane 2 lane load no pe E 1 Select lane load A lane 2 Load case is active i Select lane 1 and 2 Click to assign selected load
40. f the screen To change a parameter click the FH defau Is icon in the side menu Version 11 5 2 34 12 04 STRAP specify a new value for Fy Steel grade shapes User defined Fy 50 Ab Grade 60 Click the Steel grade tab select User defined in the Steel grade list box and type 50 in the adjacent Fyz text box Click Sections 15 Click the 29 icon in the side menu opecify Limit section to section type and select C Lips click the button opecify both nodes in the Window polygon and click Select by window Create a window about the truss JIr Click the icon and select DCEE section type Click Click the Individual beams button Select the two column members To display and check the last definition Click Display in the menu bar at the top of the screen Click Section Type Group Check in the pull down menu To Delete the section type from the display use the same option again Identical 1 Pme Click the 282 icon in the side menu Click the Select a series of identical beams button Click the Individual beams button and select the two columns members 23 24 Eu Click the 22826 icon 1 Click the Define lines of identical beams button Click the Individual beams button and select the beam members 21 22 and 1 Note that each beam forms a separate identical group use Display option Version 11 5 2 35 12 04
41. fy Wall and DY 2000 Fd 1000 80 2000 1000 80 1000 80 2000 1000 80 O edi 1000 1000 Segment 8 This segment ends at the start of segment 1 Segment ends at Another segment end Specify Another segment end C Within another segment Click Select segment end move the to the start of Segment 1 so that it is highlighted with the click the mouse 6000 2000 2000 00 Booed zooo 1pooved 1000 80 2000 1000 80 1000 1000 Segment 9 Current segment properties Thickness 600 mm C Wall C Coupling beam H This segment starts at the mid point of segment 4 and ends at the mid point of segment 8 Specify Thickness 600 mm Segment start segment starts at the mark Move Another corner mark to Click Within a segment Version 11 5 2 50 12 04 2000 2000 move the adjacent to segment 4 so that it is M E highlighted with the Wl click the mouse Specify the location along segment 4 Starvend coordinate of wall Tishemas Dn ser n taint Enter the distance from the start of the segment to the mid point Cancel Now define the end point of the segment Segment ends at Cpx bv mm C Another segment end Within another segment Specify Within another segment x Click Select segment
42. gmentend lt Specify thickness 300 Specify DY 4000mm and press Enter another seqment The segment is drawn in the center box as Add current segment Segment start segment starts at the mark Another cormier mark to segment Move 4000 300 Click Close E Click the amp l icon in the menu at the side of the screen Highlight section no 2 and click Edit add section The wall is composed of two segments the first ends at DX 4000 DY 0 Set the Thickness 300 type in DX 4000 and press Enter the first segment is drawn in the center box 4000 300 the second segment is offset DX 0 DY 3000 from the end of the first segment The cursor is already in the DY box type 3000 and press Enter the second segment is added to the display Version 11 5 2 48 12 04 STRAP Note the reference point at the first corner denoted by the This is the point where the wall section will be attached to nodes in the structural model Referring to the floor plan at the beginning of this example it is apparent that Walls 2a 2b will be attached at the corner joining the two segments in the section 3000 Default reference Reference point aint shauld he here i L To move the reference point click _Reference comer elerence corner ove the 300 to the new location so that it is highlighted with the Glick the
43. he focus will now be on this right window note that the title bar is shaded Select Zoom in the menu bar Create a window about the transverse truss Select Remove in the menu bar at the top of the screen then select Limit display to a plane Select any 3 nodes in the truss plane nodes 318 18 32 for example Copy the transverse truss Click the _ icon Version 11 5 2 15 12 04 STRAP P1 Click the E icon in the copy menu Click the Select all nodes button Select a reference node select node 318 the bottom node of the transverse truss at the near end Define the new location of the reference node Click the at an existing node button Move the adjacent to the left window and double click the mouse to shift the focus to the left Window then select node 316 two nodes to the left from node 318 oet Number of copies 3 and click the button Duplicate the transverse trusses to the other side Complete the definition of the secondary trusses by creating a mirror image of the entire model Click the mirer icon Click the Select all nodes button Select a reference node select node 301 the bottom left node of the left leg Define the new location of the reference node Click the atan existing node _ button and select node 346 the bottom right node of the right leg Click the button to copy the trusses Please note that although we selected the entire model th
44. her existing members beams and columns Version 11 5 2 2 12 04 STRAP Define the model e Main Menu double click DEMO Empty model in the model list This is an empty demo model that allows you to define any size model up to the program capacity Preliminary Menu Arrange the menu as follows Meter Rl Model type Plane frame C Grid in Space frame f CTrss dia Units Revise the model units if necessary Set the model type to Plane frame Md Click to continue Select a method for creating the model model user wizard defined Display width Display height Cancel e Model wizard Define the plane frame parameters number of bays 8 number of storeys Typical bay width e Typical storey height OK Cancel Type in the number of bays in the number of storeys in the bay width in the storey height Click the button Version 11 5 2 3 12 04 STRAP Define the section type for beams Select section type for beams Steel table British H Skip Skip all Click UB in the section type list and 406x140x39 in the section list Material Select Steel Composite Define as the major axis Cancel lt Click the button Select Am
45. idge consists of 2 parallel lanes each 9 feet wide They are defined by specifying the center line axis and width DEFINE lanes Select Lanes vehicle C lane load C load case Click the FA icon to define lane 1 Click Node 5 to specify the start of lane Click Node 8 to specify the end of lane Version 11 5 2 38 12 04 STRAP Define the lane parameters Lane segment properties x Segment length 90 Nodes 5 8 Lane width 3 Lane affset Vertical tolerance 000 Divide segment inta 110 strips End definition Cancel Similarly define lane 2 between nodes 13 and 16 in lane Width and the center line Offset the offset of the lane center from the line connecting start and end nodes Type in the number of strips Click End definition Load distribution The generated loads may be applied to nodes elements or selected beams Select Options in the menu bar Select Load direction to specify the Global direction of applied loads Global x1 direction Global 2 direction lt Global 3 direction Select Global direction Select Options in the menu bar Select Loads distribution in the pull down menu Load distribution method Distribute bridge loads over Beams C Parallel to lanes C Nodes C Elements C Perpendicular to lanes All beams Selected by user Cancel
46. loading pattern that generates the max minresults for any result type at any point on the bridge Analyze the bridge shown in Figure D10 1 EEEEEUEELEEEEEELEE prope RUN UN UON ON y px Sepe x xo ES atu a xx x x et x t a aot tet t Stet vt tS panus E E doceret perpe opone 90 Figure 010 1 Bridge example Lanes General Divide the bridge into lanes and then divide each lane into strips perpendicular to the axis of the lane Solve the model the program automatically applies a unit load to each strip in a separate load case no of load cases no of strips The program uses the results of those cases to calculate worst case effects by means of superposition Define lane loads specify the vehicle loads and the distributed loads required by the codes on each of the lanes Create load cases tell the program how to arrange the various lane loads to create the design load cases Transfer results to S TRAP append a load case to the STRAP results files that contains an envelope of the maximum results for vehicle load Create combinations of the vehicle results and the self weight and temperature loads Main Menu Highlight Demo10 Two lanes bridge in the model list Click Design in the menu bar and Bridge module in the pull down menu e Lanes The br
47. nt loads click the icon E Click the 2201 icon Click the Individual beams button Select one of the exterior roof beams move the adjacent to any horizontal beam so that the beam is highlighted with a W click the mouse Repeat for the other exterior roof beam Click the End selection button Type in the point load 72 24 check that Direction FX2 and that Fraction 0 5 and click to continue end load The program creates the loads and draws them on the screen Click the 222 icon Chess loads Version 11 5 2 18 12 04 STRAP chess Click the 129 icon in the main menu The program correctly assumes that load case 1 contains all of the dead loads and that load case 2 contains all of the live loads Correct the maximum minimum load factors if necessary click to continue OK The program displays the series of generated load cases click OK to continue after each case Check the loads in the generated load cases e d E Click the a icon in the main menu and select the load case to be displayed or select Output in the top menu bar then Display load commands and select the load case to be displayed You have now completed the definition of the loads To select the next Demo model Click File the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 19 12 04 STRAP 2 5 Demo 5 Finite element results For the plane grid defined in Demo 2 display g
48. of the program options Place the on an icon to display hint explaining its function Zoom Click the Zoom option in the menu bar at the top of the screen and try the Number of Windows option This option creates a split screen showing different views of the model Each view can be rotated to a different angle have a different zoom and display different information Any of the windows may be the active one move the n into a window and double click the mouse When you define part of the geometry in the active window all of the other windows are updated simultaneously Display Click the Display option in the menu bar at the top of the screen to display various information about the model node beam and property group numbers support location and type spring location etc Verify node coordinates by selecting Define revise dimension lines the program will display the distances between nodes that you select The lines may be vertical horizontal or parallel to any pair of nodes Print graphics Select the Output option on the menu bar and click on Print drawing The current display will be printed to the scale and with the title that you define File management The program provides complete file management capabilities backup restore delete etc select the Files option in the menu bar in the program s initial screen STRAP models list Create your own model To create a new model of your own simply Exit to the STRAP mod
49. orsional buckling and axial buckling as well as design constraints 3 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 hj Figure D7 Steel Postprocessor Design Example Define the following design data e Sections Limit selection to beams UB shapes columns UC shapes bracing double angles Identical beams Column 11 12 13 specified as an identical group Column 15 16 17 18 specified as an identical group Column 19 20 22 specified as an identical group Bracing 23 and 24 specified as an identical group e Intermediate supports Members 4 7 8 Continuous support for z major axis bending major and minor axis buckling The support is provided by the floor slab Combined beams Members 11 12 Beam 3 provides buckling support only for the major axis of this column i e members 11 and 12 act as a single unit for minor axis buckling Define major axis buckling and Z bending supports at the common node Version 11 5 2 25 12 04 STRAP Define the model Main Menu highlight Demo 7 steel postprocessor in the model list click Design in the menu bar at the top of the screen click Steel postprocessor in the pull down menu General specify the British section table the first time that the postprocessor is run on the model Note the default parameters listed at the bottom of the screen They automatically apply to all members in the model FH defau To change the default parameters click the wei icon 7
50. rame RESULTS 7 kid DEMO 8 concrete postprocessor Eid DEMO cold formed kid DEMO10 Two lanes bridge kid DEMO11 Two lanes bridge Results Eid FLAMMABLE STORAGE FACILITY EE RAMP FFA STADIUM Fag STEEL ARCH BRIDGE MIT postprocessor To select an existing model e move the to the model name in the list and click the mouse the model name will be highlighted follow the detailed instructions in each of the Demo examples Version 11 5 Help 2 1 Pa 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 005 009 010 011 012 013 12 04 STRAP 2 1 Demo 1 Plane Frame Define the following plane frame using the Models wizard UB 406 1 09x39 x1 50x10 9 0 3 3 0 eu m Ez co en RE T E ia Demo 1 is a simple example that demonstrates the following Definition of a simple plane frame using STRAP s model wizard library STRAP contains a library of standard structures that enables the user to easily and quickly define the model geometry and loads by entering a small number of parameters The library can be extended to include additional model types Utilization of STRAP s feature for defining the diagonals in the upper stories STRAP s copy commands are powerful and sophisticated The program refrains from duplicating existing beams In our example the program will duplicate only the diagonals and not the ot
51. raphic results for finite elements The graphic results for elements can be displayed in any one of three ways Results at element centres display the model geometry with the numerical value of the result written at the centre of each element Contour map display the model geometry with a contour map of the results superimposed Each line of the contour map gives the location of a specified value of the result Results along a line display the results plotted along a section through the model For example m pa pur j re je jm ues a rm je jen pma ur penr fara pus pns mr Ben per fas pm us fos pe pss jer pa er per pes us eap jn qmi qmm mi Be ms pa pm qua fa a Results at element centres ACIES YS BE Agee dt LL s HSH 5 E UL LE BINE Vlr i Lgs x cwm E M AS Alp i des cL A SEU En ESL ALIS dB d n uf Ma di ib Contour map Figure D5 Finite Element Results Version 11 5 2 20 12 04 STRAP e Main Menu highlight Demo 5 grid mesh RESULTS in the model list click Results in the menu bar at the top of the screen Results at element centres select Draw and click the E icon Specify Graphic display Display type Results at element centers H Result type in X direction H click the button the program displays the results as shown in Figure D5a
52. reen and select Contents in the pull down menu The Table of Contents of the full STRAP User s Manual is then displayed select any topic in the list Version 11 5 2 60 12 04
53. rner so that the node is highlighted with a W click the mouse Version 11 5 2 54 12 04 STRAP Define the new location of the reference node Click the by coordinates button Click and hold the left mouse button and drag the cursor into the dialog box at the bottom of the screen the coordinate values in the box will not change as the cursor moves Type the coordinates X3 6 0 specify No of copies 9 Click to continue Define Rigid links in the slab plane Rotate the model so that itis displayed on the X1 X3 plane Select Rotate in the toolbar specify X1 X2 and enter the rotation values X1 90 Y 0 2 0 Click the icon in the main menu rigid Click the icon the Restraints options menu Rigid links xX Select rigid link type all directions rigid in a plane X1 X2 plane C X2 X3 plane C X3 X1 plane Select X1 X2 plane rigid in a single direction C xI C KZ C Remove all rigid links Higid links selection X Link rigidly C All selected nodes Select Selected nodes with same X3 coordinates C Selected nodes with same X2 coordinate C Selected nodes with same X1 coordinate OK Cancel Select the nodes in the entire model except the support nodes at X3 0 0 The geometry of the model is now complete Refer to the next example for the dynamic analysis of this model Version 11 5 2 55 12 04 STRAP 2 13 Wall elements dynamic
54. s All of the walls are oriented correctly except Wall2a check the coordinates of the wall corners by clicking on the ss Data icon Wall 2a Rotate Wall 2a click the Isometric View icon t t Vall 3 click E icon Vall 13 the wall may be flipped or rotated Wall rotation angle Mall Rotate wall section relative to its default orientation wall Ls axis Aan referer ce 90 pain MEM 2 180 is C 27 jap 180 C Angle A flip about 7 Flip about wall Y axis e Cancel Click Select by window ut Specify Iv Flip about X axis Create a window around Wall 2a the program flips it into its correct position Define the floor slabs The floor slabs are modeled by dummy elements since the model will be solved only for dynamic loads The elements are necessary in order to define the masses but the size of the elements is not important We will define the slab at X3 3 00 and copy it to the other 10 levels Click on Remove in the toolbar at the top of the screen Select Limit display to a plane Select any three nodes at X3 3 00 click the Isometric View icon tl to display theX1 X2 plane Define the nodes at the X1 0 corners of the slab Version 11 5 2 52 12 04 STRAP click the icon click the icon the coordinates X1 0 0 X2 0 0 3 0 in the dialog box at the bottom of the
55. select the next Demo model Click File in the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 11 12 04 STRAP 2 3 Demo 3 Space Frame In Demo 3 we will define a space structure Transverse truss eL gt A H P J 25 ETE P ps al C a 2 m fia A IN mE de Ip na yi ary 6 7 Ac Ve S y v iN af Node 1 hy N INA Frame truss lj NN Ay In this Demo you will learn how to use STRAP s more advanced features to quickly and easily define this complex space frame Note You are advised to run this DEMO after trying Demo 1 The demo demonstrates the following features of S TRAP Definition of a single frame by using a Model Wizard similar to Demo 1 Duplication of the single frame to form the space model Definition of the transverse truss as a submodel also using a model wizard The submodel feature enables to define part of the structure as a separate model and then add itto the main model at specified locations Similar to the Copy option the program does not generate double members Working in two windows split screen The whole model is displayed in one window In the other one the transverse truss is displayed and selected for duplication The Mirror option for copying the transverse truss To define the model Version 11 5 Main Menu Double click DEMO Empty model in the model list Preliminary Menu
56. sse accus 3OSEOREUERERRESTEERSRERSREEAERRESRMEMSEREEUEE ES EET 1 3 ee LIT L1 1T 2T TTD 2 1 2 1 Demo 1 Plane Frame 2 2 2 2 Demo 2 Plane Grid 2 8 2 3 Demo 3 Space Frame 2 12 2 4 Demo 4 Chess LoadS 2 17 2 9 Demo 5 Finite lt 2 20 2 6 Demo 6 Result Combinations 2 22 2 7 Demo 7 Structural steel design 2 25 2 8 Demo 8 Reinforced concrete design 2 29 2 9 Demo 9 Light gauge steel design 2 32 2 10 Demo 10 Bridge loading analysis 2 37 2 11 Demo 11 Bridge analysis Results 2 39 NISCCUBIIGCOUS DC rm 2 58 3 1 Defining new models 2 58 3 2 How to Use HELP 2 59 Version 11 5 iil 12 04 STRAP I General This DEMO version is a limited version of the STRAP analysis and design program New models with up to 12 nodes may be defined solved and saved For instructions refer to section 3 1 The DEMO includes e thefiles of 11 existing models these models already contain more than 12 nod
57. sults Single beam Display all envelope results for the beams on the first floor Version 11 5 2 23 12 04 STRAP Specify Single beam and click the icon Specify Single beam results E Load case C Load case C Combination Combination envelope p Envelope Display moment moment 7 V2 shear shear Select result types x2 displacements x3 displacements W Axial force P Torsion moment Select Display a line of beams Sane Click the button move the adjacent to beam 5 start of line so that it is highlighted with a W click the mouse Similarly select beam 8 end of line the program draws envelope diagrams for all result types for the selected line of beam To select the next Demo model click File in the top menu bar select STRAP model list in the pull down menu Version 11 5 2 24 12 04 STRAP Zul Demo 7 Structural steel design The model geometry as defined in STRAP does not provide sufficient information for the postprocessor to carry out an accurate design For example Figure D 7b shows a typical steel frame elevation Figure D 7a shows the same frame as analyzed in STRAP It is obvious that the postprocessor is unable to determine which STRAP members form continuous beams chains of members must be designed as a single unit by the Postprocessor the location of intermediate supports for lateral t
58. t results influence lines for Ed SS Ce Le Beam result type Select result type and location within beam Result type Location C C Torsion C Beam start v2 Select 2 Beam end At 5 af beam At the midpoint of the span Cancel Click the button select beam 111 highlight it with the and click the left button of the mouse The program displays the following influence line 198 Version 11 5 2 40 12 04 STRAP INFLUENCE LINES BEAM 111 0 5 OF SPAN M2 e Define lane loads Specify the vehicle loads applied to the lanes The following lane loads may be defined uniform vehicle knife edge loads DEFIME lanes vehicle lane load C load case Select Lane load Click the icon Lane load Fa Name flane load type Units kN meter Uniform load v length Factor table BD 37 88 Vehicle Type HE 4 amp m Factor Direction Start ta end Knife edge load y shear 120 W moment 120 Cancel e Define load cases Type in Load case name Type in Uniform load Select a load reduction vs length factor table Select a Vehicle group Type in Knife edge load value applied by the program as a uniform load to a strip Click the button Assign a lane load to each lane to define a load case The program appli
59. tains other load types e g self weight and temperature already defined Let s now define factored loading combinations of these loads with the vehicle loads envelope Select Combinations in the menu bar Define revise combinations Define revise combinations Defne revise Groups Standard combinations library Display combinations List Print combinations list Disable all combinations Definition options Version 11 5 2 44 12 04 STRAP Combinations definition OK Cancel Cut Paste Click the button to exit from table display results Draw Se click Draw Tables C Single 22 beam geom only click co screen print Graphic display Display type Element results contour map H Select Display type Result type Moment in X direction Select Result type Load case 1 Ber 1 1 0542 1 2543 1 30 Select Load combination C ER EDS Parameters Fill contour regions with colour Select Fill contour regions with color Number of contour lines 2 Change contour lines values Cancel Click the button Version 11 5 2 45 12 04 STRAP 2 12 Space Frame with Wall Elements Define the geometry of the following 10 storey building that includes four walls extending the full height of the structure 4000 2 x uen pt 300
60. tton Copy the nodes to all 10 floors Click the meni icon Click the icon iD p 4 4 Click the L icon in the Copy options menu at the side of the screen Click the Select all nodes button select any of the 4 nodes as the reference node Click the by coordinates button Define the floor levels at 3 0 m intervals X3 Press the left mouse button and do not release move the into the X3 edit box note that the coordinates will not change and type 3 0 Screen Cancel set Number of copies 10 and click click the Isometric View icon in the icon bar to display the entire model Define the wall sections Click the 210 icon Click the icon i d Click the amp l icon in the menu at the side of the screen Version 11 5 2 A7 12 04 STRAP Select the section Wall sections EI Undefined section Undefined section Undefined section Select section 1 Define the properties and dimensions of Wall 1 the wall consists of one segment only and we will define the segment end at DX 0 DY 400 Wall section no 1 X M ame Material CONC E v segment 1 reference corner next segment start Close Define Wall 2 section delete segment Edita seen Helerence camer Unda Curent segment properties Thickness mm wall oupling beam H 1000 Segment ends at x i mm Another se
61. utton click the Generate a combination for each load in the group button click the button Version 11 5 2 22 12 04 STRAP Define the combinations click Combinations in the menu bar click Define Revise combinations in the pull down menu in the following menu move the to column 9 wind for combination no 1 first row click the mouse type 1 2 Press Enter the crosshair moves into the adjacent column group 1 type 1 2 Combinations definition 9 17 204g 1 1 20 2 3 4 z T 1 click anywhere else in the menu the program creates the title 9 1 2 g1 1 2 in the title column click the button The program generates n load combinations where n the number of staggered load cases defined Tabular results opecify Tables and click the 29 icon opecify Sort results by elements nodes Beam results End and max in span click the button the program displays a table showing the moment shear and axial force at both beam ends as well as the maximum span result Click Exit in the menu bar of the table window to return to the main menu Graphic results Specify f Draw and click the 29 icon opecify Graphic display Display type Beam result diagram Result type H3 and Combination select any combination from the pull down list box click the button the program superimposes the result diagram on the model geometry Graphic re
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