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VALE 2000 Users` Manual - 2002 update

1. General Learning Ability 3 selects jobs that require an average degree of general learning ability Finger Dexterity lt 3 selects jobs that require a below average or negligible degree of finger dexterity Manual Dexterity lt 3 selects jobs that require an average below average or negligible degree of manual dexterity Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 91 Census DOT Data Census Code In order for a job to be accessed by VALE it must be cross walked to one of 501 three digit Census Code Category Numbers CCNs Using this variable you may specify a range of CCNs to include or omit in a given report Census Code categories are numbered in broken sequence beginning with 3 and ending with 889 as shown below CENSUS CODE O 0 0D UU 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 33 34 35 36 37 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 JOB TITLE Legislators Chief Executives General Admin Public Administrators Officials Public Admin Administrators Protective Services Financial Managers Personnel and Labor Relations Managers Purchasing Managers Managers Market Advertising Public Rel Administrators Educ and Related Fields Managers Medicine and Health Postmasters and Mail Superintendents Managers Food Serving amp Lodging Estabs Managers Properties and Real Estate Funeral Directors Managers Service Organizations NEC Managers and Administrators NEC Accountants and Auditors Underwrit
2. Maintain Window Help US Attorneys Consultants Education Earnings Consumer Price Indices Options Defaults Figure 43 Maintain Menu Window Menu If you have multiple windows open use this pull down menu to move among the open windows The available windows will appear in the pull down menu Window Help Security 1 Control Center 2 Case Entry Sample Smith Doe Figure 44 Window Menu Chapter 10 Menus and Toolbars Help Menu Use this menu to display information about the version of VALE 2000 You will need the information under the About VALE 2000 option if you call for support service for a problem with VALE 2000 Help Security About Yale Figure 45 Help Menu Toolbar VALE 2000 has a toolbar that will help you to navigate among the different windows involved in entering your data It also includes typical Windows M features like Print Copy and Undo Q n UD o 2 O Oo e c 2 O 5 D DO qm z gu 3 E a ge eo D oO Sa o E y O55 CE 8B E aJ a ass gt PO x0 6 HD O GF CC rw Qu O C OC 535 COC BS TZ ITIJ OWC OE OQ o oO Q aa OOnA DO 0O WO O O aah liBa gt Ba EY Figure 46 Toolbar Figure 46 shows the names of the 13 buttons on the toolbar You can also see a name of a button at any time by moving your mouse pointer over the button If you pause for a moment over the button without clicking the name will appear The first six buttons give easy access to com
3. README TXT file which contains updates to the manual technical tips and other up to date data For more information see page 8 Menu Bar Six pull down menus are located in the menu bar near the top of the VALE 2000 window You can display the pull down menus either by clicking on one of the selections File Edit Records Maintain Window or Help or by using a shortcut key for example press ALT F to pull down the File menu The underlined letter in the menu name indicates the shortcut key to use for that menu Once displayed you can select any of the choices by using your mouse or the shortcut key for that selection File Menu This menu contains six selections four of which are common to many Windows applications Page Setup Print Preview Print and Exit Note that VALE 2000 provides built in control of the Page Setup and Print features for its reports They are provided on this menu for users that desire to print the system screens This section describes these selections plus the Refresh Path option File Edit Records Ma Page Setup Print Preview Print Refresh Path Figure 39 File Menu Page Setup The Page Setup window contains three tabs which allow you to adjust the margins on your page change the paper source or orientation and adjust columns Print Preview Use this option to preview anything before you print it Print This menu choice opens the standard Print window where you c
4. In the late 1980s earnings for workers were reported out in the form of nondisabled and disabled national dollars and in the early 1990s earnings for specific local labor markets throughout the nation were incorporated Worklife Profile initially provided an assessment of probable worklife expectancy by gender level of educational attainment and disability status The user of the software could modify the worklife expectancy for a disabled person by rendering an opinion as to where a specific individual would fall on the continuum of disability to nondisability In 1997 a disaggregation of the probability data permitted an analysis of probable worklife expectancy for persons both severely disabled and not severely disabled VALE 2000 is a significantly revised piece of software that enables the user to define based on government data sources earnings for nondisabled and disabled individuals by gender and level of educational attainment In addition the user is able to report out earnings based on a variety of vocational criteria as contained in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles Earnings data are reported for local regional or national labor markets for employed persons with and without disability VALE 2000 combines a multitude of government data into one easy to use software package The software was designed for use by vocational experts accountants Statisticians vocational rehabilitation counselors economists and psychologists
5. Microsoft Excel 97M or later Microsoft Word 97 or later Exporting Reports Once you have confirmed that you meet the system requirements you may export a report from VALE 2000 to Microsoft Word or Excel by following the steps listed below Exporting Reports 1 Select the case using the Case Select Form 2 Click on the Print button 3 Click on the Preview destination button 4 Choose the desired scenario and desired report type 5 Click on the Print button 6 Make the window with the report you wish to export the active window by clicking on it 7 Click on the OfficeLinks icon below the menu bar and select Publish It with MS Word or Analyze It with MS ExcelM When this procedure is complete Word or Excel whichever you chose will open displaying the exported document Note that not all reports may be available for previewing Chapter 12 Case Summary Report 61 Chapter 12 Case Summary Report As described in the previous chapter VALE 2000 presents your data in three basic types of reports the Case Summary Report the VALE Report and the Worklife Probability Report This chapter describes the Case Summary Report The report on the next page shows you a Case Summary for a fictitious case regarding John Doe Many of the items in the report are simply echoing your input The items that are calculated in some way are described below Number 1 2 3 Name Loss Range Age Pre Injury Workli
6. This Analysis This Scenario z Figure 47 Print Dialog Form Report Selection Tab 58 Part lll Using Your Data Report Selection Tab Print Report VALE 2000 allows you to print three types of reports To select a certain type of report check the box next to the report name by clicking on it with your mouse The details regarding these report types will be given in the next chapters Destination VALE 2000 allows you a choice of displaying your reports on the screen or printing them With your mouse click on your destination Note that VALE 2000 will sometimes prevent you from displaying reports on the screen if there are numerous reports or the reports are large If the choice to display is not available to you try selecting just one analysis or one scenario as described below Also if you wish to change the number of copies to be printed click the up or down arrows next to the number until the desired number of copies appears Print Reports from VALE 2000 automatically enters in the This Case field the Case Reference of the case you selected for printing If you wish to print a different case select it from the drop down list All of the analyses that you set up for this case will be available on the This Analysis list If you wish to print all results from a particular case do nothing If you want to see the results from one analysis only select the analysis from the list Similarly if you want to print a VALE
7. This results in the Adjusted Earnings figure of 18 678 Past Losses As the name implies past losses are those losses that occurred before the date of the report The program will discount past losses only if you checked the Discount Past Losses box on the Defaults form see page 49 or the Discount Pre Injury Earnings box on the Past Loss tab see page 37 Since these losses extend backwards the computation of their present value is the inverse of the present value of future losses To document this computation we use many of the techniques and annotations used for the previous sections Therefore an understanding of those sections is necessary before reading this one VALE 2000 measures present value computations of past loss from the date of injury to the report date To recognize that the period is going backward in time we must reverse the impact of the net discount rate as shown in Equation 3 for the calculation of future loss Equation 5 shows this calculation be wb 1 d Equation 5 Present Value of an Amount y Years in the Past Future Value Most experts prefer to present damages in terms of present value Indeed this is the requirement for most courts However some states i e New York and Michigan require the use of future value terms That is damages need to be presented in terms of the dollar value of the year in which they will be incurred VALE 2000 performs computations to accommodate specifi
8. 186 167 0 Manager Apartment House Figure 52 VALE DOT Report 68 Part Ill Using Your Data Chapter 14 Worklife Probability Report Chapter 14 Worklife Probability Report This chapter describes your options for printing Worklife Probability reports As with the Case Summary and VALE reports many of the items in the report simply copy your input The items that are calculated in some way are described below To review information pertaining to the calculations underlying this report see Chapter 18 and Chapter 19 The reports in this chapter are for the same fictitious case regarding John Doe The example assumes that Mr Doe is a high school graduate who was nondisabled prior to the injury in question As a result of injury he is restricted to work of a sedentary to light nature and has a worklife like that of an average not severely disabled male Through the options presented on the Report Options tab in the Print Dialog form see page 59 VALE 2000 allows you to print two different types of Worklife Probability reports Report Type Description Standard Report This option calculates both probable worklife and adjusted earnings for every year Choose this option if you wish to use a net discount rate Offset Report This option calculates only probable worklife for each year Lifetime earnings are calculated based on the total worklife expectancy in combination with the earnings package This option is only available with a total off
9. As we begin our discussion of future losses it is important to distinguish this term from the concept of future value which we discuss in a separate section of this chapter Future losses are losses that occur in future periods They may be stated either in today s dollars present value or in the dollars of the period in which they occur future value Thus this section deals with computation of the present value of future losses Net Discount Rate When computing the present value of future cash flows we must first state them in terms of future value using the growth rate g We can compute the future value of an amount in one year by increasing it by g or multiplying it by 1 g We reduce a future value to present value using the discount rate d or recognizing that we invest the result at a rate of d That means that the invested present value is worth 1 d multiplied by the present value a year from now Thus the present value of this one year cash flow is the inverse or the cash flow divided by 1 d This leaves us with the following formula for the present value of 1 one year from now l g PV 1 d Equation 1 Present Value of 1 After One Year This is in effect the multiplier used to state any value one year in the future in present value terms Obviously if the growth and discount rates are equal the multiplier is 1 and the present value of any cash flow is equal to the beginning value If we assume a growth rate of 4
10. Chapter 15 VALE Sources 85 ERROR Not cross walked to any CCN Not in DOT Cross walked to CCN 208 Assigned to CCN 159 Assigned to CCN 157 Assigned to CCN 159 Assigned to CCN 159 Assigned to CCN 159 Assigned to CCN 159 Assigned to CCN 000 CORRECTION Renumbered DOT 078 261 046 IMMUNOHEMATOLOGIST to 078 221 010 to coincide with DOT manuals Renumbered to 078 221 010 to coincide with DOT manuals Reassigned to CCN 135 Business Commerce amp Marketing Teachers Reassigned to CCN 148 Trade amp Industrial Teachers Reassigned to CCN 138 Physical Education Teacher Reassigned to CCN 137 Art Drama amp Music Teachers Reassigned to CCN 137 Art Drama amp Music Teachers Reassigned to CCN 137 Art Drama amp Music Teachers Assigned to CCN 037 Management Related Occupations N E C 86 Part iV Reference Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 87 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure All of the worker characteristics available for use with VALE are listed below with a brief description In addition the range of values allowed for each characteristic is shown Following this abbreviated listing is a more detailed description of the characteristics and how they interact with VALE CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC CLASS CHARACTERISTIC VALUE Aptitudes 1 to 5 5 is low 310 889 ee 1106 DOT Code see the Dictionary of i eters Data 4th digit of DOT job 0 to 6 6 is
11. Diagnostics 42 Dictionary of Occupational Titles 67 75 83 84 85 87 103 117 Disability v 15 27 28 30 45 71 76 77 78 79 Disability Ratio 123 Disability Status 123 Earnings 15 23 28 29 30 31 37 38 45 47 48 49 59 61 64 65 69 70 75 76 78 79 80 81 82 118 119 133 134 142 Adjusted 69 70 72 73 74 133 134 Base 72 73 74 133 134 Mean 48 76 78 79 80 81 82 83 118 119 120 Median 48 76 78 79 80 81 82 83 118 119 Earnings Source 28 29 30 Education 27 28 29 30 44 48 71 85 110 121 122 123 124 126 137 141 Employer Costs for Employee Compensation 47 End Age 28 Equation 132 133 Error Log 42 Fringe Benefits 33 38 47 61 72 73 74 133 134 Future Value 131 132 134 135 Gender 22 27 30 31 45 62 71 76 78 79 80 81 82 123 124 Men 121 122 123 124 125 126 Women 124 127 Help 5 55 143 150 151 152 PartV Help Inflate Wages 47 141 142 Injury Date 23 Insert Record 32 Installation 7 149 150 Labor Force 15 31 45 75 Labor Market 30 31 45 48 62 64 65 76 78 117 118 Labor Market Access 23 47 59 117 Life Probability 121 125 128 Survivors 121 125 128 Tables 127 129 Life Expectancy 22 23 45 Logical Operator 32 Loss Future 132 134 Past 23 28 33 37 38 49 72 73 134 135 Maintenance Form 20 39 40 41 42 43 Memory 7 59 144 145 146 147 150
12. and a discount rate of 5 04 as 1s used in Figure 64 this would result in a present value of 0 9901 Instead of applying both the growth and discount rate for each year of the computation VALE 2000 uses a simplified approach by using a net discount rate d Since a discount rate is in the denominator of the equation we need to take the inverse of Equation 1 and subtract the 1 added to both the numerator and denominator or 1 d 1 l g n Equation 2 Net Discount Rate Chapter 19 Worklife Probability Economics For our example with a 4 growth rate and 5 04 discount rate this equation results in a net discount rate of 1 00 Note that many people make the mistake of assuming the net discount rate is 1 04 or the discount rate minus the growth rate Although this is close it is not technically correct Base Earnings After calculating Probable Worklife see Chapter 14 and Chapter 18 Worklife Probability calculates the present value of the Base Earning figure for each individual period The program calculates present value as of the end of the period in relation to the report date In our example the end of the first period of time is August 8 2001 and the report date is March 17 1999 Therefore the base earnings for this period are calculated for approximately 2 4 years Equation 3 shows the formula that calculates Base Earnings be with y representing the number of years in the future for which the base earnings a
13. logical or scientific thinking to define problems collect data establish facts and draw valid conclusions Interpret an extensive variety of technical instructions in mathematical or diagrammatic form Deal with several abstract and concrete variables real number systems mean value theorems and implicit function theorems Modern Algebra Apply fundamental concepts of theories of groups rings and fields Work with differential equations linear algebra infinite series advanced operations methods and functions of real and complex variables Statistics Work with mathematical statistics mathematical probability and applications experimental design statistical inference and econometrics Algebra Work with exponents and logarithms linear equations quadratic equations mathematical induction and binomial theorem and permutations Calculus Apply concepts of analytic geometry differentiations and integration of algebraic functions with applications Statistics Apply mathematical operations to frequency distributions reliability and validity of tests normal curve analysis of variance correlation techniques chi square application and sampling theory and factor analysis Reading Read literature book and play reviews scientific and technical journals abstracts financial reports and legal documents Writing Write novels plays editorials journals speeches
14. punctuation and employing adjectives and adverbs Speaking Speak clearly and distinctly with appropriate pauses and emphasis correct pronunciation variations in word order using present perfect and future tenses Reading Recognize meaning of 2 500 two or three syllable words Read at rate of 95 120 words per minute Compare similarities and differences between words and between series of numbers Writing Print simple sentences containing subject verb and object and series of numbers names and addresses Speaking Speak simple sentences using normal word order and present and past tenses 114 PartIV Reference SVP Specific Vocational Preparation The SVP represents the amount of time required to learn the techniques acquire information and develop the facility needed for average performance in a specific job worker situation The training may be acquired in a school work military vocational or an institutional environment It does not include orientation training required of every fully qualified worker to become accustomed to the special conditions of any new job Specific vocational training includes training given in any of the following circumstances a Vocational education such as high school commercial or shop training technical school art school and that part of college training which is organized around a specific vocational objective Apprentice training for apprenti
15. s are extracted and summarized in Figure 63 on page 130 Insufficient Observations An observant reader might notice that the above description of the PE computation process meticulously computes the total number of observations n in the 10 pooled years but makes no use of it Actually this quantity plays an important role in monitoring our PE statistics to protect against potential distortion from small sample sizes When considering the categorization for two genders four levels of education eight age groups and three disability categories our computations subdivide our sample into 192 different cells As a result some of the cells for those with a work disability will have a limited number of observations perhaps so limited as to give an unreliable estimate of the true rate of employment To remedy this situation we identified all cells with fewer than 40 pooled observations and imputed a revised estimate as follows e A Disability Ratio for the appropriate gender and age group was computed by comparing the average employment rate for persons with a work disability to the rate for those with no work disability This ratio is computed for each of the severe and not severe work disability categories e This Disability Ratio is multiplied by the corresponding rate of employment for a person of the same age education and gender with no work disability Figure 57 details the five cells adjusted in this manner For each cel
16. value by the user In this example the user is to type the client s date of injury Combination Attomey Name Smith John e Sometimes referred to as drop Box down boxes combination boxes provide a list of possible choices for the field entry The user can type directly in the box to scroll to the choice that matches the typed text or can click on the arrow on the right of the box to expand the list From an expanded list the user can scroll through the choices and click on the one desired For some combination boxes e g Attorneys the user may add Part Control Name Check Box Command Button Tab Option Button Introduction Sample Death Case x Case Data Scenarios Past Loss Destination Preview C Print Description a name that does not appear in the box In this case the system prompts for addition of the entry to the standard list Check boxes provide a quick method of responding to yes no or true false prompts When the box shows a check the response is set to yes or true When it is empty the response is no or false In this sample the Death Case option box is unchecked indicating that the analysis is not for a death case To change the current selection you may either click on the box with your mouse or press the space bar when the box is the active control When you do this the result toggles bet
17. 0 063 0 030 Disabled Not Sev 0 554 0 617 0 633 0 680 0 424 0 119 0 030 0 007 Disabled Severe 0 259 0 230 0 150 0 105 0 058 0 007 0 006 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 427 0 437 0 384 0 358 0 197 0 091 0 025 0 005 College Degree Not Disabled 0 851 0 833 0 824 0 863 0 678 0 221 0 074 0 021 Disabled Not Sev 0 675 0 767 0 745 0 722 0 449 0 143 0 032 0 006 Disabled Severe 0 275 0 308 0 204 0 143 0 105 0 003 0 000 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 526 0 587 0 526 0 460 0 265 0 113 0 026 0 005 All Levels of Education Not Disabled 0 558 0 736 0 782 0 801 0 592 0 161 0 046 0 014 Disabled Not Sev 0 435 0 568 0 602 0 609 0 352 0 082 0 027 0 006 Disabled Severe 0 180 0 180 0 117 0 072 0 042 0 005 0 001 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 289 0 336 0 306 0 261 0 137 0 055 0 019 0 003 Chapter 19 Worklife Probability Economics 131 Chapter 19 Worklife Probability Economic Calculations To provide a common basis for the discussion that follows review Figure 64 for an extract of the Worklife Probability report For more information on the Worklife Probability report see Chapter 14 and Chapter 18 Summary Pre Injury Post Injury General Birth Date 8 8 82 Injury Date 3 15 98 Analysis Date 3 17 99 Cur Wage Base 24 184 20 521 Fringe Rate 23 0 23 0 Education Level 12 years 12 years Gender Life PE F F F F Continuum Not Disabled Disabled Not Severely Growth Discount 4 00 5 04 4 00 5 04 Future Worklife 32 3 23 0 29 Lifetime Earnings 753 419 458 850 294
18. 40 47 76 78 79 80 83 141 Employment and Training Administration 75 115 117 User Defaults 25 37 39 40 43 44 46 47 48 49 134 Vocational Econometrics 2 42 149 Weighted Average 119 Worker Characteristics 31 32 87 115 Aptitudes 87 89 Census DOT Data 87 91 Data People Things 87 103 104 Environmental Conditions 87 104 105 Logical Operators 115 Physical Demands 83 88 104 106 108 109 Reasoning Math Language 88 110 Specific Vocational Preparation 32 83 88 114 Worklife Expectancy 15 27 28 45 46 61 69 70 72 Continuum 27 28 Index 153 Employment Rate 27 28 45 46 71 Life 23 28 45 46 71 LPE 28 Participation Rate 27 28 45 46 71 Worklife Expectancy Models Life Participation Employment LPE 121 125 126 128 Worklife Probability 45 46 49 50 59 69 70 121 131 133 142
19. 569 Pre Injury Post Injury Prob Prob Prob Base Adjusted Prob Prob Prob Base Adjusted Date Age Years Life PE Wrklife Earnings Earnings Life PE Wrklife EarningsEarnings 8 8 00 180 1 00 0 999 0 644 0 643 23 616 18 678 0 999 0 473 0 473 20 039 11 658 8 8 01 190 1 00 0 998 0 644 0 643 23 382 18 493 0 998 0 473 0 472 19 840 11 518 8 8 02 20 0 1 00 0 998 0 644 0 643 23 150 18 309 0 998 0 473 0 472 19 644 11 405 8 8 54 72 0 1 00 0 747 0 126 0 094 13 799 1 595 0 747 0 030 0 022 11 709 317 8 8 55 73 0 1 00 0 728 0 126 0 092 13 662 1 546 0 728 0 030 0 022 11 593 314 8 8 56 74 0 1 00 0 707 0 126 0 089 13 527 1 481 0 707 0 030 0 021 11 478 296 TOTAL 57 0 753 419 458 850 Estimated Total Loss 294 569 Figure 64 Worklife Probability Report Extract Present Value The more complex computations in VALE 2000 surround the economic concepts of present value and future value Although we show the most important steps in the derivation of the involved formulae you may want to reference a textbook on finance for a more in depth discussion The present value computation depends upon variables established on the Scenario Economics tab see page 33 132 PartIlV Reference Growth Rate Entered as a decimal this is the rate at which wages will grow on an annual basis Discount Rate Also entered as a decimal this reflects the annual investment rate assumed for the loss award It is used to state future values in a current present value Future Losses
20. 587 634 635 637 639 and 653 654 To derive the number employed for the individual Census Code categories the number employed is divided by two and the result placed in each Census Code category If the number employed reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics is an odd number the extra person is assigned to the first Census Code category For instance the Both Sexes Census Code categories 003 and 004 have been combined in the tabulations from the Current Population Survey and have a total number employed of 21 After the split Census Code category 003 will be assigned a total number employed of 11 and Census Code category 004 will be assigned a total number employed of 10 The mean and median earnings figures will not be adjusted in any way Therefore both of these Census Code categories are assigned the same mean and median annual earnings Census Codes Without DOT Titles Thirty one of the Census Code categories are void of occupational titles None of the 12 708 civilian job titles from the DOT are cross walked by the NOICC to these thirty one Census Code categories Therefore in order to utilize the employment and earnings data contained in these thirty one Census Code categories worker characteristics conforming to comparable occupational titles were created The thirtyone Census Code categories and the worker characteristics assigned to them are listed below CENSUS GED APTITUDES CODE JOB TITLE CAT SVP R M
21. 7 1 60 Injury Date 8 17 96 Analysis Date 3 10 99 Os Cur Wage Base 30 768 26 904 Fringe Rate 23 0 23 0 Education Level 12 years 12 years Gender Life PE M M M M CY Continuum Not Disabled Disabled Not Severely Growth Discount Pure Offset Pure Offset Future Worklife 21 9 16 0 27 Pa Lifetime Earnings 915 730 5 567 448 348 282 Figure 53 Worklife Probability Report Summary Portion Worklife Probability Standard Report Worklife Probability gives you two options for printouts The Standard Report presented in this section calculates the probable worklife each year It then combines the resulting figure with the earning package for that year to end up with Adjusted Earnings for each year These individual figures are then summed to calculate lifetime totals See Chapter 18 for details of the worklife expectancy calculation Chapter 14 Worklife Probability Report 71 CO PretInjury VALE Post Injury VALE Prob Prob Prob Base Adjusted Prob Prob Prob Base Adjusted Date Age Years Life PE Wrklife Earnings Earnings Life PE Wrklife Earni arnings 8 17 96 36 1 0 87 0 997 0 906 0 786 30 768 29 746 7 1 97 37 0 1 00 0 994 0 906 0 901 30 768 34 098 7 1 98 38 0 0 69 0 991 0 906 0 620 30 768 23 464 39 500 PAST 2 6 87 308 39 500 Estimated Past Loss 47 808 3 10 99 38 7 0 31 0 991 0 906 0 278 30 768 10 521 0 991 0 733 0 225 26 904 7 446 7 1 99 39 0 1 00 0 988 0 906 0 895 30 768 33 871 0 988 0 733 0 724 26 904 23 959 7 1 00 40 0 1
22. 892 000 278 750 36 211 018 Managers Properties And Real Estate 19 1 325 000 17 105 39 926 021 Managers Service Organizations 31 8 505 000 130 323 43 694 022 Managers And Administrators N E C 170 17 4 955 00 495 500 61 380 Figure 50 VALE Census Selected Only Report Number Name Description 1 Census Code Presents the number of the Census Code being summarized 2 Census Presents the name of the Census Code being summarized 3 Total DOTs Presents the total number of occupational titles within each Census Code presented 4 Selected DOTs Presents the number of occupational titles that match the parameters entered for the run 5 Total Employed Presents the total number of people employed in each Census Code for the labor market chosen 6 Selected Employed Presents the number of people employed in each Census Code that match the parameters entered for the run see Chapter 17 7 Earnings Presents the earnings for each Census Code In this example the earnings requested are for nondisabled males Part lll Using Your Data The Census All report option Figure 51 is very similar to the Selected Only option Figure 50 In addition to all of the information presented in the Selected Only report it lists all Census Codes regardless of whether any of the occupational titles within the code match the parameters entered for the run VALE Vocational Assessment of Lost Earnings Complete Census Code Listing Sample Smith Doe Census To
23. Code categories cross referenced to the first broad occupational group are identified The 40 employed persons selected in the above example are added 117 118 PartIlV Reference to the selection results of the other Census Code categories within the first broad occupational group The process is repeated for the remaining five groups The six results are then reported in a summary table This table reports the total number of workers employed the percent employed the number of workers selected and the percent selected in each of the six broad occupational groups for the relevant labor market VALE can report either median or mean earnings Let us begin by examining how VALE computes median earnings Assume that only the following small sample was selected from a national run Census Code Census Code Selected Number of Category Median Category Number Employed Persons Annual Earnings 205 16 653 19 517 206 9 267 29 208 207 245 091 22 634 208 145 457 22 552 When sorted in ascending order by median annual earnings the following data are obtained Census Code Census Code Selected Number of Category Median Category Number Employed Persons Annual Earnings 205 16 653 19 517 208 145 457 22 552 207 245 091 22 634 206 9 267 29 208 416 468 VALE then determines the midpoint of all selected employed persons 416 468 divided by 2 1 208 235 and proceeds to determine the Census Code category which contains the midpoint w
24. Each row includes a delete icon which you can use to delete the attorney on that row Note that if the attorney name is used in any of your cases an error message will appear and you will be unable to delete that attorney until the cases in which he or she appears are deleted see page 20 for information on deleting cases When finished with the Attorney form click on the Close button to return to the Maintenance form Consultants The Consultants form operates just like the Attorneys form Please refer to that section above for details CPI Open the CPI Maintenance form by clicking on the CPI button on the Maintenance form or the Consumer Price Indices icon under the menu bar VALE 2000 defaults are the indices from 1971 through the most recent year If you use the system s CPI adjustment e feature see page 23 you will need to update these indices when they become available and add additional years when the report date advances to a new calendar year The indices are available on the Internet at the Bureau of Labor Statistics site stats bls gov Chapter8 Maintenance 41 6 CPI Maintenance 1014 EG Scroll to Year cies Year Index 1974 433 WK Figure 30 CPI Maintenance Form When done with the CPI Maintenance form click on the Close button to return to the Maintenance form Education Open the Education Maintenance form by clicking on the Education button on the Maintenance form or the Educat
25. Filter by boxes and press the DELETE or BACKSPACE key to delete Copying an Existing Case gt To make a duplicate copy of an existing case 1 Select the case as described above 2 Click on the Copy Case button or press ENTER when the Copy Case button has focus 3 This will open the Case form for the duplicate case identified as a duplicate in the Case Reference field For example if the original case had a Case Reference of 19 20 Part Il Entering Your Data Smith Jones the copy has a Case Reference of Copy of Smith Jones Once in the Case form you can edit the Case Reference or any other field of the duplicate See the next chapters for additional details about entering and editing data Editing an Existing Case gt 1 To edit an existing case Select a case as described above Click on the Edit Case button or press ALT E or press ENTER when the Edit Case button has focus This will open the Case form for the selected case See the following chapters for additional details about editing data Deleting an Existing Case gt 1 To delete an existing case Select the case as described above Click on the Delete Case button or press ALT D or press ENTER when the Delete Case button has focus This will bring up a window asking whether you want to continue with this action Deleting an existing case is permanent and all of your data on the selected case will be lost if you continue Choose Yes to cont
26. Menus 2 51 52 53 54 55 60 Microsoft Access 2 7 9 11 Excel 2 59 60 Windows 2 1 3 7 8 13 51 52 53 55 145 147 150 Word 2 8 59 60 National Center for Health Statistics 121 129 National Crosswalk Service Center 75 117 National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee 75 117 Navigation 1 32 Outliers 79 80 81 82 Participation and Employment Rates 121 122 23 125 127 128 129 Path Data 53 Program 13 Prepared By 22 Present Value 72 131 132 133 134 135 Printing 17 18 20 52 55 57 58 59 60 63 69 Destination 58 Report Options 59 63 65 69 70 71 72 73 Report Selection 57 58 Proxy 30 47 48 49 Rate Discount 33 34 48 59 132 133 134 Growth 34 48 132 133 134 Net Discount 69 132 133 134 README DOC File 8 52 Removal 13 Report Date 18 23 33 37 38 40 47 48 49 61 69 72 133 134 142 Report Year 64 141 142 Reports Case Summary 24 61 62 VALE 63 64 65 66 Worklife Probability 69 70 71 72 73 Restrictions 15 31 32 33 63 64 65 66 Scenarios 21 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 34 35 44 58 60 63 65 131 Status Bar 5 Support Services 149 System Requirements 7 59 60 Toolbars 51 52 55 U S Census Bureau 122 124 127 128 Unemployment 122 128 US Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census 15 76 US Department of Labor 33 84 117 Bureau of Labor Statistics
27. Pre Injury COC IN TU E Scenario Worklife Earning Capacity Economics Earnings Source ALE Computat ial Earning Capacity 0 00 Earnings Disability Status Not Disabled z Labor Market Mean Median Gender Earnings Non Specific v Gender Labor Force Non Specific Scenario Restrictions Add Edit Restrictions Figure 23 Earning Capacity Tab VALE VALE Disability Status Select the disability status for the dollars you wish VALE to use in this scenario When the box shows the desired status press the TAB key to continue to the next field VALE Gender Earnings Select the gender for the dollars you wish VALE to use in this scenario When the box shows the desired gender press the TAB key to continue to the next field VALE Labor Market Select the labor market you wish VALE to use in this scenario When the box shows the desired region press the TAB key to continue to the next field Chapter6 Data Entry Scenarios 31 VALE Gender Labor Force Select the gender for the labor force you wish VALE to use in this scenario Selecting Non Specific will look at all jobs in the labor market whereas selecting female for example will look at only those jobs held by women When the box shows the desired gender press the TAB key to continue to the next field VALE Earnings Select the average earnings measure you wish VALE to use When the box shows the desired s
28. Some College Not Disabled 0 636 0 909 0 937 0 937 0 774 0 284 0 124 0 048 Disabled Not Sev 0 735 0 780 0 802 0 805 0 518 0 155 0 063 0 035 Disabled Severe 0 244 0 203 0 115 0 071 0 058 0 009 0 003 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 532 0 517 0 472 0 435 0 276 0 127 0 053 0 029 College Degree Not Disabled 0 814 0 933 0 961 0 959 0 807 0 370 0 164 0 110 Disabled Not Sev 0 767 0 850 0 849 0 849 0 581 0 205 0 082 0 018 Disabled Severe 0 221 0 232 0 155 0 138 0 092 0 011 0 009 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 626 0 566 0 582 0 597 0 365 0 174 0 073 0 015 All Levels of Education Not Disabled 0 585 0 900 0 928 0 934 0 771 0 267 0 106 0 043 Disabled Not Sev 0 551 0 746 0 775 0 774 0 491 0 127 0 052 0 019 Disabled Severe 0 159 0 159 0 110 0 066 0 045 0 006 0 003 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 310 0 383 0 356 0 337 0 198 0 094 0 041 0 014 Females Less Than High School Not Disabled 0 352 0 472 0 583 0 632 0 469 0 121 0 031 0 008 Disabled Not Sev 0 280 0 293 0 406 0 402 0 241 0 062 0 022 0 003 Disabled Severe 0 118 0 123 0 079 0 047 0 028 0 005 0 000 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 175 0 164 0 155 0 120 0 071 0 036 0 013 0 002 HS Degr or Equiv Not Disabled 0 656 0 708 0 779 0 780 0 576 0 155 0 045 0 011 Disabled Not Sev 0 488 0 563 0 586 0 598 0 359 0 072 0 029 0 009 Disabled Severe 0 235 0 180 0 112 0 063 0 043 0 004 0 000 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 340 0 322 0 286 0 254 0 153 0 052 0 022 0 006 Some College Not Disabled 0 660 0 770 0 813 0 835 0 641 0 189
29. Worker functions involving more complex responsibility and judgment are assigned lower numbers in these three lists while functions which are less complicated have higher numbers For example synthesizing and coordinating data are more complex tasks than copying data instructing people involves a broader responsibility than taking instructions helping and operating things is a more complicated task than handling things PEOPLE mes 8 Taking Instructions Helping Examples of Usage Within VALE Data 3 selects jobs that require data compilation People lt 5 selects jobs that require interaction with people from taking instructions or helping to speaking or signaling Things lt 4 selects jobs that require interaction with things from handling to manipulating Value Levels for Environmental Conditions and Physical Demands Analysts use the following symbols to indicate the absence or presence and when present the frequency of occurrence of the Environmental Conditions and Physical Demands except strength CODE FREQUENCY DEFINITION Activity or condition does not exist Occasionally Activity or condition exists up to 1 3 of the time Frequently Activity or condition exists from 1 3 to 2 3 of the time Constantly Activity or condition exists 2 3 or more of the time Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 105 Environmental Conditions Environmental conditions are the physical
30. definition of occupational disability as defined by the US Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census In this definition a person is considered to have a work disability if one or more of the following conditions are met Not Severely Disabled 1 3 Identified by the March Supplement question Does anyone in this household have a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do Identified by the March Supplement question Is there anyone in this household who ever retired or left a job for health reasons Received VA disability income in previous year Severely Disabled 4 Identified by the core questionnaire as currently not in the labor force because of a disability that is expected to last for at least six months Identified by the March Supplement as a person who did not work at all in the previous year because of illness or disability Under 65 years old and covered by Medicare in previous year Under 65 years old and received Supplemental Security Income SSI in previous year This definition can be found on the Census Bureau web site at http www census gov hhes www disable cps cpsworkd html 16 Part Introduction Chapter4 Managing Cases 17 Part Il Entering Your Data Chapter 4 Managing Cases VALE 2000 saves all of the cases you enter and each one can be modified copied or deleted The Control Center app
31. injury from falling Exposure to Radiation Exposure to possible bodily injury from radiation 106 PartIV Reference ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS VALE CHARACTERISTIC WHAT IT MEANS Working with Explosives Exposure to possible injury from explosions Exposure to Toxic or Caustic Exposure to possible bodily injury from toxic or Chemicals caustic chemicals Other Environmental Condition SOS Examples of Usage Within VALE Exposure to Weather 2 Occasional selects jobs where the exposure to weather is on an occasional basis Exposure to Weather lt 3 Frequently selects jobs where the exposure to weather is not present or is on an occasional basis Physical Demands The physical demands used with VALE serve as a means of expressing both the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacities specific physical traits a worker must have to meet those required by many jobs and also the name of a specific capacity possessed by many people The worker must possess physical capacities at least in an amount equal to the physical demands made by the job PHYSICAL DEMAND VALE CHARACTERISTIC WHAT IT MEANS Climbing Ascending or descending ladders stairs scaffolding ramps poles and the like using feet and legs or hands and arms Body agility is emphasized Balancing Maintaining body equilibrium to prevent falling when walking standing crouching or running on narrow slippery or erratically moving surf
32. involved in defining the effect of disability on the loss of ability to perform work and earn money Acknowledgments VALE 2000 is the result of a 15 year evolution involving a variety of professionals Vocational experts vocational rehabilitation counselors counseling psychologists clinical psychologists economists accountants statisticians sociologists educators and social science researchers have contributed in varying degrees to the software as it presently exists A variety of professionals were involved in the refinement of the original software packages and VALE 2000 is most notably the result of a development team consisting of Dave Gibson Darryl Rowe and Gwen Holland A special thanks is extended to John P Tierney for his conceptual assistance in the development of VALE over a 15 year period and for his help in producing VALE 2000 A M Gamboa Jr PhD MBA Chief Executive Officer Vocational Economics Inc Chapter1 Before You Begin Part Introduction Chapter 1 Before You Begin VALE 2000 User s Manual and VALE 2000 follow many conventions that are standard across Windows systems This chapter outlines those conventions for users relatively new to Windows software Manual Format To facilitate reading of this manual standard formatting conventions identify special information Formatting Convention Type of Information Triangular bullet gt Step by step procedures A numbered list will follo
33. manuals critiques poetry and songs Speaking Conversant in the theory principles and methods of effective and persuasive speaking voice and diction phonetics and discussion and debate 112 PartIV Reference REASONING MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE LEVEL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT Apply principles of principles of Algebra Reading rational systems to Deal with system of real Read novels poems solve practical problems and deal with a variety of concrete variables in situation where only limited standardization exists Interpret a variety of instructions furnished in written oral diagrammatic or schedule form Examples of rational systems include bookkeeping internal combustion engines electric wiring systems house building farm management and navigation Apply commonsense understanding to carry out instructions furnished in written oral or diagrammatic form Deal with problems involving several concrete variables in or from numbers linear quadratic rational exponential logarithmic angle and circular functions and inverse functions related algebraic solution of equations and inequalities limits and continuity and probability and statistical inference Geometry Deductive axiomatic geometry plane and solid and rectangular coordinates Shop Math Practical application of fractions percentages ratio and proportion measurement logarithms practical a
34. names like John Smith they sort by first name instead of last name Also use a consistent rule for entries in the Case Reference field like Attorney Client e g Smith Jones and sorting by this field will be a very easy way to find cases Filtering The list in the Case Reference box contains all existing cases To make it easier to find a case you can display only a subset of your cases using the Filter by combination and text boxes Note that filtering the cases removes only unselected cases from display in the list they are still in the system To view all your cases delete all text from all four Filter by text and combination boxes The filter can be based on a full name like Smith John or you can insert as a wild card anywhere in the string Some examples s will list all names that begin with s mc will list all names that have mc anywhere in them and son will list all names that end in son If you enter a filter without a wild card VALE 2000 appends the wild card character at the end Note Filters are additive For example if you have Smith in the Attorney box and Jones in the Consultant Name box only cases with attorney Smith and consultant Jones display gt To filter all cases by a particular field 1 Click in the text box for the field you wish to filter Start typing the name or reference you wish to find gt To remove all filters and display all cases 1 Select the text in each of the four
35. paste Copy Use this to make a copy of text in one location leaving it there but making it available to paste Paste Use this to paste text gathered using the Cut or Copy commands Records Menu This menu contains two options Save Record and Refresh 54 Partili Entering Your Data Rerords Maintain Y Save Record Refresh Figure 42 Records Menu Save Record Use this menu feature to save the current case or attorney etc VALE 2000 saves the record automatically at various points so using this option should not normally be necessary However if you want to save information for the current record without closing the form choose this option Refresh Use this option if you do not see records recently added or revised For example while working on the Case form in a network environment you may know that another user has just added an attorney to the system One way to make that attorney available for selection on your form is to close VALE 2000 and restart it Another option is to choose Refresh which will cause the system to make sure it includes any additions or changes made to the data by other users since you opened the screen Maintain Menu The options on this menu are simply navigational aids to simplify access to the VALE 2000 Maintenance functions Attorneys Consultants Education Earnings Consumer Prices Indices and Options Defaults See Chapter 8 for a detailed description of these features
36. processor type and RAM under the Computer Part Introduction heading The amount of free disk space displays in your Windows Explorer For more information on either of these standard utilities see your Windows system documentation or on line help ReadMe File The installation CD contains a file named READMETXT This document contains the most recent information on topics such as known conflicts with other software or hardware corrections or additions to the manual or various technical nuances not covered in the manual We recommend that you read the contents before you install VALE 2000 You may open the file with the Write utility that comes with Microsoft Windows or with Microsoft Word just by double clicking the file from Explorer Installation Before beginning the installation please close all active applications and disable any virus protection software This reduces the chances of conflicts that may cause an error during setup gt VALE 2000 Installation 1 Insert the setup CD The setup program may start automatically at this point If it does skip to step 3 2 If your CD does not start automatically go into Windows Explorer and select the setup file on the CD ROM drive In most systems this will appear with the filename setup exe If you are missing the exe file extension make sure you select the setup file with the file type identified as Application 3 The first scr
37. prompt for whatever control is currently active the control in which the cursor rests In the sample the active control is a text box for entry of the Case Reference The label on the screen simply says Case Reference The status bar text provides the more detailed prompt Enter a unique name to identify this case on reports This scenario is true for all controls The limitations of screen size usually restrict the descriptiveness of the label Therefore the status bar provides a more detailed prompt Control Tips Control tips provide a method of presenting an abbreviated prompt for a control without making it active When you move the mouse pointer over a control and let it sit there for a couple of seconds a control tip appears next to the pointer In Figure 2 the mouse pointer is sitting over the Case Reference control and the control tip reads Case reference for report naming Control tips are usually less detailed than a status bar prompt and are sometimes just a rewording of the ontrol s screen label They are most useful for items that have no screen label such as tool bar items and command buttons That is if only a graphic appears the control tip will provide a written description of the control 6 Part I Introduction Control Tip ES Case Sample Smith Doe Male 1 Status Bar Figure 2 Sample Screen Chapter2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation Installation of VALE 2000 is a s
38. requirements minimize other drains on your system resources as described in Close Other Applications above Chapter 22 Troubleshooting Contact Technical Support Although not always listed this is an optional solution for all of the problems listed above See Chapter 23 for more information on support options Defragment Hard Drive As you use your computer data from your most frequently updated applications become fragmented That means that the operating system may store a single data file in several noncontiguous areas of your hard drive This makes subsequent accesses less efficient and more time consuming Several software utilities one of which Disk Defragmenter comes with Windows 9x exist to remedy this inefficiency You should run such a utility on a regular basis monthly or possibly weekly for heavy users Reboot Computer All applications in a Windows 9x environment should free all memory used as they close However due to software bugs or other complications this does not always happen If you experience unexpected memory or resource shortages chances are that part of your computer s memory is still being used by an application no longer open The only way to remedy this is to reboot your computer Choose Shut Down from the start menu and then select the Restart the Computer option Reinstall Software A drastic last step but we have to talk about it Such a step should probably come o
39. run from one scenario only select the scenario from the This Scenario list Again leave this field blank if you wish to print everything Chapter 11 Reporting 59 E VALE Print Dialog Eg Report Selection Report Options Eamings LMA Worklife LC M Summary Standard Report T Census Selected Only c Offset Report j I Census all By Sali Figure 48 Print Dialog Form Report Options Tab Report Options Tab Earnings LMA VALE 2000 allows you to print the results of your VALE run in varying detail In this field select the report or reports you wish to print by clicking on the box with your mouse Details on the printouts can be found in Chapter 13 Worklife LC You also have a choice of the type of Worklife Probability printout you would like Details of these choices can be found in Chapter 14 Note that if you wish to use the Offset option the growth and discount rates must be equal The program does not allow differing rates with this print option Exporting Reports to Microsoft Word or Excel Users who also own Microsoft Office may be able to export reports from VALE 2000 to Microsoft Word and or Excel Before attempting to use this feature of VALE 2000 confirm that you meet the additional requirements listed in the next section Additional System Requirements for Exporting Reports Enough memory to open Word or Excel in addition to VALE 2000 60 Part lll Using Your Data
40. select the level from the drop down list that appears Chapter9 Defaults Disability Status The VALE 2000 default for Disability Status is Not Disabled To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and select the disability status from the drop down list that appears Gender Actual Life The VALE 2000 default for this field is Male You may select male or female as the default value for the calculation of life expectancy in the Worklife Probability calculation To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and select the desired gender from the drop down list that appears Gender Labor Force The VALE 2000 default for the labor force gender is Non Specific You may select a default value for the gender you wish VALE to use when calculating the number of people employed in a specific labor market see also page 31 To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and select the desired gender from the drop down list that appears Gender Earnings The VALE 2000 default for the earnings gender is Not Specific You may select a default value for the gender you wish VALE to use when calculating earning capacity To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and select the desired gender from the drop down list that appears Gender Participation and Employment The VALE 2000 default for this field is Male You may
41. surroundings of a worker in a specific job Following is a list of the variables used by VALE CONDITIONS VALE CHARACTERISTIC WHAT IT MEANS Exposure to Weather Wet and or Humid Contact with water or other liquids or exposure to A AAA Noise Intensity Level The noise intensity level to which the worker is exposed in the job environment This factor is expressed by one of five levels Consider all the benchmarks within a level as providing an insight into the nature of the specific levels Level Illustrative Examples Very Quiet isolation booth for hearing test deep sea diving forest trail Quiet library many private offices funeral reception golf course art museum Moderate business office where typewriters are used department store grocery store light traffic fast food restaurant at off hours Loud can manufacturing department large earth moving equipment heavy traffic Very Loud rock concert front row jackhammer work rocket engine testing area during test Atmospheric Conditions Exposure to conditions such as fumes noxious odors dusts mists gases and poor ventilation that affect the respiratory system eyes or the skin Proximity to Moving Mechanical Exposure to possible bodily injuries from moving Parts mechanical parts of equipment tools or machinery Exposure to Electrical Shock Exposure to possible bodily injury from electrical shock Working in High Exposed Places Exposure to possible bodily
42. the 1990 Census by broad occupational group are listed below These mean earnings are segregated by gender and disability status In addition the ratios of average disabled dollars to all person dollars and average nondisabled dollars to all person dollars are reported by gender These ratios are the basis for the earning variability that exists by disability status Census Summary Group Ratios Group Disability Status Total Male Female Total Male Female 1 All Persons 40 861 49 037 28 627 Nondisabled 41 025 49 346 28 697 100 40 100 63 100 24 Disabled 34 876 39 237 25 400 85 35 80 02 88 73 Chapter 15 VALE Sources Group Disability Status Total Male Female Total Male Female 2 All Persons 26 376 34 562 20 053 Nondisabled 26 444 34 772 20 099 100 26 100 61 100 23 Disabled 24 264 29 351 18 291 91 99 84 92 91 21 3 All Persons 18 785 22 993 14 160 Nondisabled 18 858 23 138 14 224 100 39 100 63 100 45 Disabled 17 301 20 463 12 608 92 10 89 00 89 04 4 All Persons 19 808 20 736 12 762 Nondisabled 19 975 20 917 12 918 100 84 100 87 101 22 Disabled 17 158 17 944 9 729 86 62 86 54 76 23 5 All Persons 27 913 28 621 20 184 Nondisabled 27 999 28 716 20 234 100 31 100 33 100 25 Disabled 25 623 26 135 18 541 91 80 91 31 91 86 6 All Persons 22 482 24 434 16 166 Nondisabled 22 568 24 541 16 217 100 38 100 44 100 32 Disabled 20 401 21 926 14 776 90 74 89 74 91 40 Since there are a limited number of disabled worker
43. to open these tables to make changes or additions You can also open any of these tables using the icons at the top of the screen just below the menu bar see Figure 46 Hold your cursor over an icon to see which table it opens amp Control Center Ai ES Case Select Maintenance System Error Log Diagnostics View Error Log Print Error Log Purge Error Log Import Base User Defaults Evport Base Attorneys Consultants Figure 28 Maintenance Tab Defaults Click on the User Defaults button on the Maintenance form or the Options Defaults icon under the menu bar to open the User Default Entry form This form and user defaults are discussed in detail in Chapter 9 Attorneys Click on the Attorneys button on the Maintenance form or the Attorneys icon under the menu bar This will open the Attorneys form which shows a list of first and last names of the attorneys you have entered in your cases Use the scroll bar to find the one you want You may edit any of the names Note that any changes you make will appear in all reports for cases using that attorney You can also add a new attorney by typing the name in the last row of the table 39 40 Partili Entering Your Data ES Attorney Maintenance Ml ES Sort by LastName FirstName Code Comments Scroll to Delete Last Name First Name Code Comments Smith Icon Figure 29 Attorney Form
44. you to open VALE 2000 as well as to start some other components of the application without having the main program open The choices available are described below VALE 2000 This is the main point of entry to the VALE 2000 application You may also provide other methods to start the program by creating a shortcut to the VALE2000 MDE file on your desktop or toolbar Compact and Repair If used frequently VALE 2000 s data files will naturally expand as you add and delete data This expansion may cause the files to be inefficiently stored on your computer s hard drive To optimize the storage a Compact and Repair option is added to your Start Menu This routine should be run on a periodic basis monthly or possibly weekly for frequent users Before starting this routine you should exit VALE 2000 and if you are on a network make sure others are not using the system either When you select this option the screen in Figure 38 appears Compact and Repair Compact Only Do Nothing Figure 38 Compact and Repair Screen Choose Do Nothing to exit the routine without compacting Choose Compact Only to compact but not repair the files Choose Compact and Repair to compact and repair 51 52 Part Il Entering Your Data the files We recommend the Compact and Repair option It adds only a small amount of time over the Compact Only option and can do no harm ReadMe This provides access to the
45. your database If you have made several updates and computations since the last time you performed this step your application may become unstable For more information see Chapter 10 e Review the Troubleshooting Chapter 22 chapter to see if it addresses your questions Free Support Each license comes with free technical support for 30 days from the date of purchase This encompasses any problems associated with the installation or operation of the VALE 2000 software Before calling please have the information described below in Before You Call available Not included as Free Support are questions that are of a consulting nature That is assistance on topics such as analyzing a case or testimony preparation falls under Fee Support Fee Support Technical support past the first 30 days and case consulting are billed by the hour Billings are to credit cards in 30 minute increments with a minimum of 30 minutes Hourly rates are subject to change without notice Table 1 presents the rates in effect at the time of the publication of this manual Type Description Rate Technical Installation and operation of software 100 Hour Consulting Analysis and application of data for use 150 Hour in a case Table 1 Support Fees 150 Part V Before You Call To ensure efficient service please have the information in Table 2 available The telephone number for technical support is 502 589 0995 available between 8 30
46. 00 0 985 0 906 0 892 30 768 33 757 0 985 0 733 0 722 26 904 23 892 7 11 01 41 0 1 00 0 982 0 906 0 890 30 768 33 682 0 982 0 733 0 720 26 904 23 826 7 1 02 42 0 1 00 0 978 0 906 0 886 30 768 33 530 0 978 0 733 0 717 26 904 23 727 j 7 1 31 71 0 1 00 0 636 0 191 0 121 30 768 4 579 0 636 0 065 0 041 26 9 357 7 1 32 72 0 1 00 0 610 0 191 0 117 30 768 4 428 0 610 0 065 0 040 26 904 1 324 711 33 73 0 1 00 0 584 0 191 0 112 30 768 4 239 0 584 0 065 0 038 26 904 1 257 7 1 34 74 0 1 00 0 556 0 191 0 106 30 768 4 012 0 556 0 065 0 036 26 904 1 191 FUTURE 36 3 21 9 828 422 16 0 527 948 ces is Estimated 00 474 TOTAL 38 9 915 730 A 567 448 Estimated Total Loss 348 282 Figure 54 Worklife Probability Standard Report Number Name Description 1 Date Presents the date beginning the period being analyzed 2 Age Presents the age of the client at the beginning of the period being analyzed 3 Years Presents the number of years in the period being analyzed 4 Prob Life Presents the client s probability of living through the period see page 121 5 Prob PE Presents the client s probability of participation and employment for the period based on age gender education and disability status see page 122 6 Prob Wrklife Presents the client s probable worklife for each period This figure is the product of the Life and PE figures see Chapter 18 7 Base Earnings Presents the Current Wage Base discounted to 72 Part Ill Number 8 10
47. 03 through 389 Service Occupations O ec Farming Forestry and Fishing Occupations MIN contains CCNs 473 through 499 Lo Precision Production Craft and Repair Occupations contains CCNs 503 through 699 Ld Operators Fabricators and Laborers contains CCNs 703 through 889 Examples of Usage Within VALE Census Group 4 selects only those jobs in group 4 Census Group gt 4 selects only those jobs in groups 5 through 6 Census Group gt 4 selects only those jobs in groups 4 through 6 DOT Code Using this characteristic you may specify a range of DOT job numbers to include or omit in a given report You will rarely make selections using this variable Instead the Census Group or Census Code characteristics explained in the preceding sections may be easier to use and usually yield the same result Example of Usage Within VALE DOT Code Between 250 157 010 and 299 687 014 selects jobs from DOT number 250 157 010 Superintendent Sales through DOT number 299 687 014 Sandwich Board Carrier Note that this range includes all sales occupations Data People Things The middle three digits of the DOT occupational code are the worker functions ratings of the tasks performed in the occupation Every job requires a worker to function to some degree in relation to data people and things A separate digit expresses the worker s relationship to each of these three groups 104 PartIV Reference
48. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Using Your Data Name Adjusted Earnings Past Years Past Pre Injury Adjusted Earnings Post Injury Adjusted Earnings Estimated Past Loss Future Years Pre Injury Prob Wrklife Pre Injury Adjusted Earnings Post Injury Prob Wrklife Post Injury Adjusted Earnings Estimated Future Loss Total Description present value see page 133 Presents the client s probable earnings for the period This figure is the product of the base earnings fringe benefits and probable worklife see page 133 Presents the total number of calendar years comprising the past loss period from the date of injury to the report date Presents the total amount of pre injury adjusted earnings during the past loss period Echoes your input See Chapter 7 Calculates the estimated past loss by subtracting the post injury adjusted earnings from the pre injury adjusted earnings Presents the total number of calendar years comprising the future loss period Presents the total pre injury worklife expectancy for the future loss period by summing the individual probable worklife figures Presents the total pre injury adjusted earnings for the future loss period by summing the individual adjusted earnings figures Presents the total post injury worklife expectancy for the future loss period by summing the individual probable worklife figures Presents the total post injury adjuste
49. 2 Installation 13 5 You will see Figure 14 informing you of the progression of the runtime installation When this is complete you will continue with the VALE 2000 program installation in Figure 5 i Finishing Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime Setup lel x Please wait while Windows configures Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime Completing Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime installation Ss 3578 Figure 14 Runtime Installation Progression Removal In the event that you need to remove VALE 2000 from your computer do not simply delete the files in the program path This will not completely remove all components of the system Instead follow the steps outlined below gt VALE 2000 Removal 1 From the Windows Control Panel choose Add Remove Programs The Windows Add Remove Programs Properties window displays 2 Choose VALE 2000 and press the Remove button 3 When asked if you are sure press the Yes button 4 When the removal program finishes restart your computer This process leaves the data files in the VALE 2000 program path If you are sure you will not need these you may manually delete them also 14 Part Introduction Chapter3 Occupational Disability Definition 15 Chapter 3 Occupational Disability Definition Both the Worklife Expectancy and the Earning Capacity sections of the VALE 2000 program allow you to select parameters based on disability status The program wes the
50. 32 User Defaults Form Case ID Tab 43 44 Part Il Entering Your Data Attorney VALE 2000 ships with no default set for attorney If you do most of your work for one attorney you may find it helpful to use his or her name as the default value for this field on the Case Data form To select a default attorney click on the arrow to the right of the field and select an attorney from the drop down list that appears If the name you want to use does not appear on the list you can use the Maintenance feature to add the name to your Attorneys table and then it will be available to you on this list See page 39 for information about adding a new attorney Consultant This default operates in the same manner as the Attorney default Case Comments and Scenario Comments You can use these to add default comments for your cases or scenarios if desired Client ID Tab CaselD Client ID Worklite Financial Other Program Flow Education Level Disability Status Not Disabled y Gender Actual Life Labor Force Earnings Part amp Employ Figure 33 User Defaults Form Client ID Tab Education Level VALE 2000 ships with a default value of Non Specific If you do most of your work with clients at a specific education level you may find it helpful to use this level as the default value for this field on the Worklife form To select a default education level click on the arrow to the right of the field and
51. 40 42 indicates some college below baccalaureate and 43 46 indicates baccalaureate or higher PEMLR Monthly Labor Force Recode where values of 1 or 2 indicate employed workers MarSupWt March supplement Weight approximate population size represented by each observation gt http www census gov hhes www disable disabcps html Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Calculations 125 Dis HP Health problem or a disability which prevents or limits working corresponds to the 1 disability criteria in Chapter 3 when equal to 1 Dis CS Retire or leave a job for health reasons corresponds to the 2 disability criteria in Chapter 3 when equal to 1 Vet Typl Veterans disability payments corresponds to the 3rd disability criteria in Chapter 3 when equal to 1 RsnNotW Illness or disability reason for not working corresponds to the 4th disability criteria in Chapter 3 when equal to 1 PEMLR Monthly Labor Force Recode prevented from working due to disability corresponds to the 5 disability criteria in Chapter 3 when equal to 6 MCare Medicare coverage corresponds to the 6 disability criteria in Chapter 3 when equal to 1 and age below 65 SSIVal Supplemental Security income corresponds to the 7 disability criteria in Chapter 3 when non zero and age below 65 LPE Applied Using the procedures described in the Probability of Life L and Participation and Employment Rates PE sections we can now compute the worklif
52. 5 L 000 227 000 ENGLISH TEACHERS 143 7 6 5 6 Dea a 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 LAW TEACHERS 145 8 6 5 6 1 3 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 SOCIAL WORK TEACHERS 146 al 6 5 5 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 THEOLOGY TEACHERS 147 8 6 5 6 2 23 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL TEACHERS 148 7 6 5 5 1 22 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 L 000 227 000 HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS 149 8 6 ki 5 1 2513 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 L 000 227 000 AIRCRAFT ENGINE MECHANICS 508 7 4 4 4 3 3 30 2 2 4 3 3 2 4 4 M 000 281 000 SHEETMETAL DUCT INSTALLERS 596 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 5 M 000 361 000 FAMILY CHILD CARE PROVIDERS 466 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 M 000 677 000 EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHER S 467 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 M ASSISTANTS 000 677 000 NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND 549 4 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 5 M REPAIRERS 000 684 000 MACHINE OPERATORS NOT SPECIFIED 779 3 2 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 M 000 685 000 Database Errors Due to its voluminous nature the database data provided by the Department of Labor is found to contain several errors In an effort to correct some of these errors data for some DOT numbers were changed as follows DOT TITLE DOT NUMBER Immunohematologist 078 221 010 Immunohematologist 078 261 046 Inst Business Ed 090 222 010 Teacher Industrial Arts 091 221 010 Instructor Physical Education 099 224 010 Teacher Art 149 021 010 Teacher Drama 150 027 014 Teacher Music 152 021 010 Consultant 189 167 010
53. 7 246 22 097 34 430 25 546 41 513 31 680 67 623 53 832 47 091 35 583 25 659 23 985 34 201 26 188 42 883 34 896 70 359 50 619 50 054 38 258 25 689 22 939 36 757 32 612 45 652 39 609 73 903 51 898 53 234 37 656 29 180 25 447 38 432 30 604 48 040 38 898 78 967 53 457 27 606 22 759 16 456 13 980 22 063 17 706 26 471 24 684 37 961 35 963 29 406 22 356 17 508 12 121 22 570 18 122 28 043 23 086 41 701 33 303 30 474 24 258 17 837 14 733 23 454 19 317 28 949 26 529 42 615 32 746 31 970 25 235 17 454 13 173 24 611 23 903 30 439 22 385 44 785 36 529 32 442 27 926 18 861 16 101 24 425 20 656 30 762 28 213 45 549 46 351 34 064 28 329 19 051 15 618 25 835 24 306 31 346 27 897 48 596 41 578 Chapter 21 CPI Index Source amp Calculations Historical Income Tables While the data from the Current Population Reports provide information on earnings by disability status and by educational level they do not report data that breaks out varying college degree levels To do this information from the Historical Income Tables is used Like the previous calculation these data are weighted by the earnings and number contained in the table Once the overall average for each group has been calculated a differential from the Bachelor s or More group to each individual group is determined These differentials are applied to the average from the Current Population Reports to de
54. 9 94 141 93 808 93 445 93 050 92 624 92 168 91 683 91 168 90 620 90 033 89 399 88 710 87 957 87 134 86 239 85 271 84 232 83 115 81 913 80 619 79 226 77 730 76 135 74 437 72 628 70 695 68 632 66 448 64 157 61 759 59 256 56 651 53 954 51 180 48 333 45 410 42 406 39 312 36 136 32 905 29 672 26 487 23 377 20 382 17 542 14 889 12 453 129 The joint probabilities of participation and employment PE used to compute the worklife expectancies published in this document are summarized in Figure 63 As documented in the Participation and Employment Rates section on page 122 these data are extracted from the Annual Demographic Survey March supplement of the Current Population Survey from the years 1992 2001 130 PartIV Reference Figure 63 PE Rate Summary Disability Status 16to 24 25to34 35to 44 45to54 55to64 65to74 75 to 84 85 to 89 Males Less Than High School Not Disabled 0 417 0 818 0 851 0 872 0 739 0 198 0 072 0 025 Disabled Not Sev 0 393 0 616 0 668 0 636 0 396 0 082 0 038 0 014 Disabled Severe 0 115 0 115 0 093 0 049 0 033 0 006 0 004 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 200 0 223 0 200 0 162 0 106 0 054 0 028 0 010 HS Degr or Equiv Not Disabled 0 767 0 899 0 917 0 925 0 754 0 238 0 099 0 035 Disabled Not Sev 0 615 0 743 0 753 0 747 0 475 0 131 0 052 0 022 Disabled Severe 0 215 0 171 0 117 0 064 0 044 0 003 0 001 0 000 Disabled All Levels 0 379 0 387 0 330 0 301 0 194 0 101 0 042 0 017
55. 93 the Census Bureau began use of the 1990 decennial census to estimate weights which provided the second version Our previous version employed the version based on the 1990 census assuming the most current data are best However the weights published by the Census Bureau with the public use data files for the 1993 CPS contain the 1980 census weights Since this edition of our tables relies upon extracting data from the public use data files it inherits different weights for 1993 The impact is significant for some isolated cells for which we compute employment rates but overall has an insignificant impact on worklife expectancy e Census Error for Seniors Our previous version relied entirely upon cross tabulations from the Census Bureau for probabilities of participation and employment Census Table 2 in its current form provides all of these probabilities See page 122 for more detail However for the previous version these probabilities for persons 65 74 years of age could be obtained only from Census Table 4 for years before 1996 It now appears that the Census Bureau s Table 4 was programmed incorrectly resulting in significant understatement of the probabilities for this age group The impact for our worklife expectancy statistics varies The statistics for persons with a not severe work disability are more profoundly impacted than for those with no work disability In addition worklife expectancies for older workers are mo
56. Auditing Clerks Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks Billing Clerks Cost and Rate Clerks Billing Posting Calculat Machine Oper Duplicating Machine Operators Mail Preparing Paper Handling Mach Oper Office Machine Operators NEC Telephone Operators Communications Equipment Oper NEC 96 PartIlV Reference CENSUS CODE 354 355 356 357 359 363 364 365 366 368 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 383 384 385 386 387 389 403 404 405 406 407 413 414 415 416 417 418 423 424 425 426 427 433 434 435 436 438 JOB TITLE Postal Clerks Exc Mail Carriers Mail Carriers Postal Service Mail Clerks Exc Postal Service Messengers Dispatchers Production Coordinators Traffic Shipping and Receiving Clerks Stock and Inventory Clerks Meter Readers Weighers Measurers Checkers amp Samplers Expediters Material Recording Sched Clerks NEC Insurance Adjusters Examiners Investig Investigators and Adjusters Exc Insuranc Eligibility Clerks Social Welfare Bill and Account Collectors General Office Clerks Bank Tellers Proofreaders Data Entry Keyers Statistical Clerks Teachers Aides Administrative Support Occup NEC Launderers and Ironers Cooks Private Household Housekeepers and Butlers Child Care Workers Private Household Private Household Cleaners and Servants Supervisors Firefighting Fire Prev Occup Supervisors Police and Detectives Supervisors Guards Fire Inspection Fire Prev Occupation
57. Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure REASONING MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE LEVEL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT Apply commonsense commonsense understanding to carry out detailed but uninvolved written or oral instructions Deal with problems involving a few concrete variables in or from standardized situations Apply commonsense understanding to carry out simple one or two step instructions Deal with standardized situations with occasional or no variables in or from these situations encountered on the job Add subtract multip subtract multiply and divide all units of measure Perform the four operations with like common and decimal fractions Compute ratio rate and percent Draw and interpret bar graphs Perform arithmetic operation involving all American monetary units Add and subtract two digit numbers Multiply and divide 10 s and 100 s by 2 3 4 5 Perform the four basic arithmetic operations with coins as part of a dollar Perform operations with units such as cup pint and quart inch foot and yard and ounce and pound Reading SS Passive vocabulary of 5 000 6 000 words Read at rate of 190 215 words per minute Read adventure stories and comic books looking up unfamiliar words in dictionary for meaning spelling and pronunciation Read instructions for assembling model cars and airplanes Writing Write compound and complex sentences using cursive style proper end
58. Defaults VALE 2000 allows you to simplify the data entry process by setting many of the data entry fields to default values When you open a new case these fields will be preset to the default values you set If the values are correct for this case you can continue to the next field If not you can make the needed changes Use the User Defaults form to change default values for future cases Note that changing default values does not change any data in existing cases It alters only the default values that will appear when you next open the Case form for a new case Click on the User Defaults button on the Maintenance form or the Options Defaults icon under the menu bar to open the User Defaults form There are six tabs across the top of the User Defaults form that access six different screens A detailed description of these six screens follows When you are done with the User Defaults form click on the OK button to accept the changes and return to the Maintenance form If you click OK the new default values will appear when you start a new case Click on the Cancel button to disregard the changes and return to the Maintenance form If you click Cancel any changes made to the default values will be lost Case ID Tab Case ID Client ID Worklife Financial Other Program Flow Attomey SiGe Attomey Code Constant C Case Comments This is a default case comment Scenario Comments Default scenario comments Figure
59. Doe Pre Injury fom KY et Scenario Worklfe Eaming Capacity Economics Earnings Source Othe y Earning Capacity 0 00 Figure 21 Earning Capacity Tab Other Other Earning Capacity If you have chosen the Other option in Earnings Source the only field available will be Earning Capacity Enter into this field the value you wish to use for the client s annual earnings Earnings Source Education If you have chosen the Education option in Earnings Source other fields will become available to you ES Scenario Smith Doe Pre Injury Education ST Scenario Worklife Eamings Source por Spec Earning Capacity Disability Status Not Disabled y Gender Earnings Male Y Education Proxy fi 2 years 1998 Economics Figure 22 Earning Capacity Tab Education 29 30 Part Il Entering Your Data Education Disability Status Select the disability status you wish to use for the education dollars in this scenario When the box shows the desired status press the TAB key to continue to the next field Education Gender Earnings Select the gender you wish to use for the education dollars in this scenario When the box shows the desired gender press the TAB key to continue to the next field Education Education Proxy Select the educational level you wish to use for the education dollars in this scenario Earnings Source VALE amp Scenario Smith Johnson
60. Earnings Income Measure You can use this field to select the mean or median income measure you wish VALE to use in its calculation of earning capacity To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and make your selection from the drop down list that appears Other Tab Case 1D Client ID Worklite Financial Other Program Flow Use Today as Report Date IV Compute Past Losses I Discount Past Losses a Figure 36 User Defaults Form Other Tab Use Today as Report Date If this box is checked then the date you enter the case will be the date used as the report date This is the date at which the past and future losses are split In addition if you choose the CPI Adjustment feature for your VALE or education runs the earnings will be adjusted to the year of your report date Chapter9 Defaults 49 Death Case If this box is checked then your case will be marked and calculated as a death case Compute Past Losses If this box is checked then Worklife Probability will calculate past losses from the date of injury to the report date in addition to the future loss Discount Past Losses If this box is checked then the past losses for your cases will be discounted Program Flow Tab User Defaults Case ID Client ID Worklife Financial Other Program Flow Report Level for YALE Earnings Proxy Summary Only Y Worklife Probability Report Probable Earni
61. LIG V N S P Q K F M E Cc Strength LEGISLATORS 003 8 5 4 5 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 117 000 EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL AND MARINE 113 7 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 L SCIENCE TEACHERS 000 227 000 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS 114 8 6 6 6 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 5 3 L 000 227 000 CHEMISTRY TEACHERS 115 8 6 S 3 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 3 L 000 227 000 PHYSICS TEACHERS 116 8 6 6 6 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 4 5 4 L 000 227 000 NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHERS N E C 117 7 5 4 5 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 3 L 000 227 000 PSYCHOLOGY TEACHERS 118 8 6 6 5 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 d 5 L 000 227 000 ECONOMICS TEACHERS 119 8 6 5 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 5 3 L 000 227 000 HISTORY TEACHERS 123 8 6 S 5 1 2 ES 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 POLITICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS 124 8 6 5 5 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 SOCIOLOGY TEACHERS 125 8 6 5 5 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 83 PartIlV Reference CENSUS GED APTITUDES CODE JOB TITLE CAT SVP R M EG V N S P Q K EF M E Cc Strength SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS N E C 126 8 6 5 5 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 5 5 L 000 227 000 ENGINEERING TEACHERS 127 8 6 5 5 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 4 L 000 227 000 MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS 128 8 6 5 5 Za F 2 4 4 4 B 5 L 000 227 000 COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS 129 8 6 3 5 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 k 5 L 000 227 000 MEDICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS 133 8 6 6 6 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 4 L 000 227 000 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 136 8 6 6 6 2 538 3 2 3 3 3 5 4 L TEACHERS 000 227 000 EDUCATION TEACHERS 139 7 6 5 5 De 3 S 2 4 4 4 5
62. NOO ATONA Economics Inc Grav vocechnccaim For more inf ECON OMI CS on hee visit IN http www vocecon com resources data aspx VALE 2000 User s Manual Revised 2002 A M Gamboa Jr PhD MBA Dave Gibson MBA CPA Gwen Holland MSEd Ronald Missun PhD Paul Prachyl PhD CRC Darryl Rowe John Tierney MA Mary Watson BSBA Vocational Econometrics Inc One Riverfront Plaza Suite 2100 Louisville Kentucky 40202 502 589 1041 O 2000 2002 Vocational Econometrics Inc All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical for any purpose without express written permission of Vocational Econometrics Inc Information in this document is subject to change without notice Companies names and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted Microsoft Windows Access Excel and Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Table of Contents Table of Contents A O v A NO v AcknowledomentS ssisssssisicsssnosicssosoi soesoenan es i ns ens o in as a i nso vi PAGED TAG OMUCHON ii ad A A A a AAA 1 Chapter1 Before You Begin ooococccononcnononcncncncnononononononononononococonoconononononoconononoconesos 1 Manual Formatos di eas ccudusauaoncs 1 Navigation tds ale 1 Control Definito ia 3 System Help riein ee E E aE EEE E a E A EATERIES 5 Chapter 2 Installation oooooccccncncncncnoncncn
63. Physical Demand Susini ai li on eedaneanes 106 Reasoning Math Language comicas ni licita didas eta 110 SVP Specific Vocational Preparation iii 114 Specific Worker Characteristic Details ooonococnnococnnococooncccnnncnononcnonononononccnnnnccnnnnanos 115 Logica Operators ivei A A AD E a E E 115 Chapter 17 VALE Calculations oococococcncncncncncncnoncnoncncncnononononoconoconoconononoconocononononos 117 O hig DLO I AE EE E E E E eh E EA 117 Compllati n Of Rescata 117 Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Sources and Calculations cccccccccsscscsssssssesees 121 Probability ot Liem te Zod n E E E concession eas an aE 121 Participation and Employment Rates a a eae 122 LPE Applied serennu neumna ii 125 Changes from the Previous Version of VALE 2000 cccesceesseceseceeeeeeneeenseeneenees 126 A A 128 Rates of Participation and Employ MEN A a 129 Chapter 19 Worklife Probability Economic Calculations ssssssssssesssssssscees 131 OR 131 A EN 133 A E aes 133 A O 134 Chapter 20 Education Dollar Source cococcccncncnonononononononononononononoconononoconocononononononos 137 Current Population Reports Data 1 a a aut 137 Historical Income Tables sien a E gevmetecanss Daas E ENN 139 Chapter 21 CPI Index Source and Calculations ooocomococononononononononononononoconocononononos 141 PAPE A divisio v sisia s trski sst ant ade 143 Chapter 22 Troubleshooting ooooococononcnononcnnncncnononcno
64. Repairers Mechanical Controls and Valve Repairers Elevator Installers and Repairers Millwrights Specified Mechanics and Repairers NEC Not Specified Mechanics and Repairers Supervisors Brickmasons Stonemasons Tile Supervisors Carpenters Related Workers Supervisors Elec Power Transm Installers Superv Painters Paperhangers Plasters Superv Plumbers Pipefitters Steamfitters Supervisors Construction NEC Brickmasons and Stonemasons Brickmason and Stonemason Apprentices Tile Setters Hard and Soft Carpet Installers Carpenters Carpenter Apprentices Drywall Installers Electricians Electrician Apprentices Electrical Power Installers Repairers Painters Construc tion and Maintenance Paperhangers CENSUS CODE 584 585 587 588 589 393 594 595 596 597 598 599 613 614 615 616 617 628 634 635 636 637 639 643 644 645 646 647 649 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 666 667 668 669 674 675 676 677 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 99 JOB TITLE Plasterers Plumbers Pipefitters and Steamfitters Plumber Pipefitter Steamfitter Apprent Concrete and Terrazzo Finishers Glaziers Insulation Workers Paving Surfacing Tamping Equip Operator Roofers Sheetmetal Duct Installers Structural Metal Workers Drillers Earth Construction Trades NEC Supervisors Extractive Occupations Drillers Oil Well Explosives Workers Mining Machine Operators Mining Occupations NEC Supervisors Pr
65. TIC WHAT IT MEANS P Form Perception Ability to perceive pertinent detail in objects or in pictorial or graphic material Ability to make visual comparisons and discriminations and see slight differences in shapes and shadings of figures and widths and lengths of lines Q Clerical Perception Ability to perceive pertinent detail in verbal or tabular material Ability to observe differences in copy to proofread words and numbers and to avoid perceptual errors in arithmetic computation A measure of speed of perception is required in many industrial jobs even when the job does not have verbal or numerical content K Motor Coordination Ability to coordinate eyes and hands or fingers rapidly and accurately in making precise movements with speed Ability to make movement response accurately and swiftly F Finger Dexterity Ability to move fingers and manipulate small objects eee with fingers rapidly or accurately M Manual Dexterity Ability to move hands easily and skillfully To work with PR hands in placing and turning motions E Eye Hand Foot Ability to move the hand and foot coordinately with each other in accordance with visual stimuli C Color Discrimination The ability to match or discriminate between colors in terms of hue saturation and brilliance To identify a particular color or color combination from memory and be able to perceive harmonious or contrasting color combinations Examples of Usage Within VALE
66. aces or maintaining body equilibrium when performing gymnastic feats Stooping Bending body downward and forward by bending spine at the waist requiring full use of the lower extremities and back muscles Bending legs at knees to come to rest on knee or knees Crouching Bending body downward and forward by bending legs and spine Moving about on hands and knees or hands and feet Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 107 PHYSICAL DEMAND VALE CHARACTERISTIC WHAT IT MEANS Extending hand s and arm s in any direction Handling Seizing holding grasping turning or otherwise working with hand or hands Fingers are involved only to the extent that they are an extension of the hand such as to run a switch or shift automobile gears Fingering Picking pinching or otherwise working primarily with fingers rather than with the whole hand or arm as in handling Feeling Perceiving attributes of objects such as size shape temperature or texture by touching with skin particularly that of fingertips Talking Expressing or exchanging ideas by means of the spoken word to impart oral information to clients or to the public and to convey detailed spoken instructions to other workers accurately loudly or quickly Tasting Smelling Distinguishing with a degree of accuracy differences or similarities in intensity or quality of flavors or odors or recognizing particular flavors or odors using tongue or nose Clari
67. an select printers the number of copies to print and print To print a report to your default printer without opening the Print dialog box you may find it easier to use the Print button in the toolbar This command is useful if you want to print a copy of the currently active form Chapter 10 Menus and Toolbars 53 Refresh Path Use this option to give VALE 2000 information about the location of your data files This is generally necessary only if you move the data files for some reason When chosen the screen in Figure 40 displays Data Path Refresh OK Cance Enter the path in which the case data file is stored C Program Files Vale Select Enter the path in which the Census data file is stored C Program Files ale Select Figure 40 Data Path Refresh Screen You may either enter the new path to your data or click on the Select button If you click on the Select button a form will appear to help you navigate to the proper directory The path must contain the DYNATABL MDB file so use this feature with caution Exit Use this to exit VALE 2000 Edit Menu This menu contains four selections all of which are common to Windows applications Undo Cut Copy and Paste Edit Records Undo Cut Copy Paste Figure 41 Edit Menu Undo Use this to undo your most recent action Cut Use this to cut text from a field The text will disappear from that field and will be available to
68. and 5 00 Eastern Standard Time Type of Support All Technical Technical Fee Information Serial number Licensee name and company Computer processor type e g Pentium Windows version total RAM and total hard drive disk size and space available Path used to install the software Credit card type number expiration date and name shown on card Comments Available by clicking the Help menu and choosing About VALE 2000 Available by clicking the Help menu and choosing About VALE 2000 Then click the System Information button This is needed only if you did not use the setup routine s default path when you installed the system Visa or MasterCard only Table 2 Before You Call Information Premium Support An optional Premium Support package is available for an annual fee currently 95 but subject to change without notice This package includes several benefits e Guaranteed response to telephone queries within one business day Standard support guarantees two business days e Fee support discounts of 10 e Automatic notification via e mail of any service upgrades technical fixes to the current VALE 2000 version e Version upgrade discounts of 10 e Automatic distribution via e mail of new national functional wages e Automatic distribution via e mail of new annual Consumer Price Index data e Automatic distribution via e mail of any documentation upd
69. apter 6 Data Entry Scenarios amp Case Entry Smith Doe Ml ES Case Data Scenarios Past Loss Case Scenarios Reference Earn Cap Disability Status Case Analyses Preinjury Postinjury X Figure 18 Blank Scenario Tab This chapter focuses on entering scenario and analysis data using the Scenario tab near the top of the Case Entry form The Scenarios form consists of two sections Case Scenarios which define the earnings worklife and economic information necessary to perform pre injury and post injury assessments and Case Analyses which define the relationship between pre injury and post injury scenarios The forms shown in this section reflect the VALE 2000 defaults You may alter these defaults to simplify the data entry process See Chapter 9 to learn what defaults are available and how to alter them 26 Part Il Entering Your Data Case Scenarios amp Scenario Smith Doe add new lei ES rm come Keel Scenario Worklie Eaming Capacity Economics Scenario Reference Comments Default scenario comments Figure 19 Scenario Reference Tab To analyze a case you need to define scenarios Each scenario represents a complete pre injury or a complete post injury possibility for the client To enter a scenario click on the NEW button and Figure 19 will appear Scenario Tab Scenario Reference In this field type a brief identifying name for the scenario e g Pre injury W
70. at VALE finds ten of these job titles in the first three digit Census Code category VALE will inspect each of these ten job titles to see how many are defined by the Department of Labor as requiring a G aptitude of 3 If four of these ten job titles require a G aptitude of 3 VALE estimates a person with an average level of general learning ability will be able to satisfactorily perform work in forty percent four out of every ten of all jobs available in the first Census Code category At this point VALE will find the number of people employed in jobs classified under the first Census Code category Let us assume that 100 people are employed in the local labor market within the first Census Code category Since VALE estimated that 40 percent of the people employed in this Census Code Category are performing work requiring a G aptitude of 3 it will report that 40 of these 100 employed people have jobs requiring an average level of general learning ability It also estimates that all of the 40 selected workers earn the average earnings for all workers in the first Census Code Once VALE has estimated labor market access and earnings within the first Census Code category it will repeat this process for the remaining 500 Census Code categories Compilation of Results When all 12 739 job titles have been processed by Census Code category VALE begins the task of compiling its findings VALE now focuses on the six broad occupational groups All Census
71. ates Index Age 121 122 123 124 125 127 128 Anderson Robert 129 Attorney 3 18 19 21 22 39 40 44 54 62 Base Year 141 142 Birth Date 23 Case Entry Form 25 37 Case Reference 5 17 18 19 21 58 Case Select Form 17 19 21 56 57 60 146 Add Case Button 18 21 Copy Case Button 18 19 Delete Case Button 18 20 Edit Case Button 18 20 Filtering 18 19 Maintenance Tab 17 Print Button 17 18 20 52 57 60 Sorting 18 19 Census Codes 63 65 66 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 87 91 102 103 117 118 119 Census Group 64 76 77 78 79 87 102 103 117 Census Decennial 127 Client 19 21 22 23 28 44 62 Comments 24 26 44 62 Compact and Repair 51 143 144 145 146 149 Consultant 18 19 39 40 44 62 85 Consumer Price Index 23 40 41 42 47 48 64 79 141 142 150 Control Center 17 Maintenance Tab 39 Control Panel 7 13 Control Tips 5 Current Population Survey 75 76 77 78 79 83 Data Extraction 124 25 Health Problem Limitation 125 Left Job for Health Reasons 125 March Supplement 15 75 76 122 124 129 Medicare 125 Monthly Labor Force Recode 124 125 Multi year Averaging 122 123 128 Out of Labor Force from Disability 125 Public Use Data Files 122 127 128 Senior Ages 127 Index Supplemental Security Income 125 Veterans Disability 125 Weights 122 123 124 127 Death Case v 4 23 35 49 DeTurk Peter B 129
72. by closed applications Reinstall Software start from scratch Data entered previously do not show up Corrupt files or data filters turned on Clear Filters clear data selection filters Compact and Repair repair corrupt data Restore from Backup revert to an uncorrupt backup version Unable to Find Data Symptoms Probable Cause Possible Solutions Receive error message stating that VALE 2000 could not find the BASETABL MDB and or the DYNATABL MDB files You have moved the data files for the system to another location or the data have become corrupt Refresh Path set pointers to the proper data file Compact and Repair repair corrupt data Restore from Backup revert to an uncorrupt backup version Reinstall Software start from scratch Chapter 22 Troubleshooting 145 Unable to Start System Symptoms System will not start or open Probable Cause Insufficient resources or damaged files Possible Solutions Close Other Applications reduce the drain on your computer s resources from other requirements Compact and Repair repair corrupt files Reboot Computer free memory not released by closed applications Confirm Resources verify that you have sufficient horsepower to run VALE 2000 Critical System Error Symptoms Receive an error message from VALE 2000 saying to contact Technical Support Probable Cause Unknown Possible Solutions Contact Technical Support Windows Complains of Insufficient Me
73. cally those requirements As used in VALE 2000 future losses are any losses that occur after the report date We can state future losses in terms of present value the value at the report date or future value the value at the time the loss occurs To calculate future value the user enters a nominal growth rate and a discount rate of zero see page 33 The formulae described in the Present Value section of this chapter beginning on page 131 are then used Use of the formulae will result in a net discount rate see Equation 2 that is negative otherwise the calculations are the same Chapter 19 Worklife Probability Economics Past Losses You might expect that computation of the future value of past losses is the inverse of future value for future losses More simply we should state past losses in terms of the dollar value in those past periods However keep in mind that the design of VALE 2000 1s to meet the future value requirement of a couple of isolated states These states express past losses in present value terms Thus when VALE 2000 computes future value it merely echoes the value used for present value computations for past losses 135 136 PartiV Reference Chapter 19 Worklife Probability Economics Chapter 20 Education Dollar Source The source of the disabled and nondisabled education dollars is the same as the source for the participation and employment rates for worklife expectancy the March Supplement to the Curr
74. ccupational disability upon which the disability statistics are based Entering Your Data describes the data entry screens used by the system These chapters provide a valuable reference for the use of each field and highlight issues for consideration when entering a case for analysis Using Your Data reviews the reports generated by the system This is an important resource for a thorough understanding of the output of the program Reference details underlying data and computations This is a must read for users who provide expert testimony using the output of the system Help provides information on troubleshooting and on obtaining support services History VALE 2000 is the result of many years of government data collection Data collected by the US Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census and the US Department of Labor form the basis of VALE 2000 The initial version of VALE was published in 1986 and the first peer review article on the software was published in the Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin in June of 1987 Companion software titled Worklife Profile was published in 1987 and sold as an adjunct to VALE It enabled the user to perform both the vocational and the economic aspects of an assessment designed to define the effect of vi Foreword physical or mental impairment on lifetime loss of earning capacity WALE has been updated annually since its inception with a variety of modifications occurring over the years
75. ceable jobs only In plant training given by an employer in the form of organized classroom study On the job training serving as a learner or trainee on the job under the instruction of a qualified worker Essential experience in other jobs serving in less responsible jobs which lead to the higher grade job or serving in other jobs that qualify Below is an explanation of the various levels of Specific Vocational Preparation LEVEL TIME Short demonstration Anything beyond short demonstration up to and including 30 days 1 2 3 Over 30 days up to and including 3 months 4 5 Over 6 months up to and including 1 year Over 1 year up to and including 2 years 7 Over 2 years up to and including 4 years Over 4 years up to and including 10 years Oooo ae Over 3 months up to and including 6 months po ae 9 Over 10 years Examples of Usage Within VALE SVP 3 selects only jobs that require SVP at level 3 SVP lt 3 selects jobs that require SVP at levels 1 or 2 SVP lt 3 selects jobs that require SVP at levels 1 2 or 3 SVP Between 3 and 6 selects jobs that require SVP at levels 3 4 5 or 6 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 115 Specific Worker Characteristic Details See The Revised Handbook for Analyzing Jobs 1991 U S Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration ISBN 1 56370 051 4 Logical Operators Below is a list of the Logical Operators available for use when sel
76. cial Tab Show Earnings If this box is checked the default value then VALE will display the earning capacity for your run If it is not checked the program will display labor market access only Inflate by CPI If this box is checked the default value then VALE will update the labor market dollars to the year of your report date using the CPI If it is not checked the program will display dollars for the chosen labor market without updating Earning Proxy You can use this field to select the earning capacity type you usually use in your calculations To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and make your selection from the drop down list that appears Fringe Benefit Rate You can enter in this field a fringe benefit rate of your choice The default is the current national average rate based on the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics 47 48 Part Il Entering Your Data Growth Rate and Discount Rate You can enter in these fields your preferred growth and discount rates Rates must be entered as a decimal thus 5 is entered in the field as 05 VALE Proxy Earnings Labor Market You can leave this field blank or use it to select the labor market you usually use in your calculations To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and make your selection from the drop down list that appears VALE Proxy
77. cipation and Employment Rates The Annual Demographic Survey or March supplement of the Current Population Survey CPS is the source of the probabilities of participation and employment used to derive the worklife expectancy statistics Specifically the public use data files from this survey for 1992 through 2001 were pooled to produce the needed statistics as summarized in Figure 63 To ease the discussion and computation of these statistics the joint probability of participation and employment PE is more simply stated as the fraction in decimal terms of the respective population that is employed Thus a PE rate of 0 750 for a particular group of the population indicates that 75 of the people in this group are employed with the remaining 25 being either unemployed or out of the labor force The process of pooling the observations from the 10 years of CPS data to compute PE rates is documented on the Vocational Economics web site For demonstrative purposes Figure 56 presents an extract from Table 5 for Males between the age of 55 and 64 with less than a High School degree and no work disability Age Group 55 to 64 Years Old 1992 1 836 1 311 1 119 1993 1 685 1 207 979 1994 1 469 1 034 868 1995 1 332 965 801 1996 1 431 1 073 727 1997 1 383 1 037 689 1998 1 252 968 639 1999 1 269 977 620 2000 1 244 960 634 2001 1 211 897 614 14 112 10 429 7 690 PE 0 739 Figure 56 Computation of PE Rate from Pooled CPS Years In thi
78. cists Dietitians Respiratory Therapists Occupational Therapists Physical Therapists Speech Therapists Therapists NEC Physicians Assistants Earth Environmental Marine Sci Teachers Biological Science Teachers Chemistry Teachers Physics Teachers Natural Science Teachers NEC Psychology Teachers Economics Teachers CENSUS CODE 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 183 184 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 93 JOB TITLE History Teachers Political Science Teachers Sociology Teachers Social Science Teachers NEC Engineering Teachers Mathematical Science Teachers Computer Science Teachers Medical Science Teachers Health Specialties Teachers Business Commerce Marketing Teachers Agriculture and Forestry Teachers Art Drama and Music Teachers Physical Education Teachers Education Teachers English Teachers Foreign Language Teachers Law Teachers Social Work Teachers Theology Teachers Trade and Industrial Teachers Home Economic Teachers Teachers Postsecondary NEC Postsecondary Teachers Subj Unspecified Teachers Prekindergarten amp Kindergarten Teachers Elementary School Teachers Secondary School Teachers Special Education Teachers NEC Counselors Educational and Vocational Librarians Archivists and Curators Economist
79. cnonononononononononononononononoconononononononononoconoconosos 7 CUI Stata ii a ttn 7 System REQUITEMENES ii ciaci n 7 ReadMe Pile sirsie iiaa a ATRE O I EE R a E R 8 Installations enna E A 8 Microsoft Access dara 11 Removal osn ee Sale Ui sO E EEE E E E E E ici Sa 13 Chapter3 Occupational Disability DefinitioN ocooooorononononononononoconononononocononononononos 15 Part I Entering Your Dato ii A co ais 17 Chapter4 Managing CaS6S ccccccccccnoncnononcncncncnnncnononoconocononoconononoconononononononoconononocononosos 17 Using the Case Select Form to Manage Your Cases ooooonocccnoncccnonanononcnononaconnnancnnaninns 17 Adding a Nas a as 18 Selecting an Existino Case adas a 18 Copying an Existing Case ii ii 19 Editing an Existing Casa dada ci 20 D leting MB O AS a ce ee esas ee ie 20 Printing ant Existing Case misionera idad densa AEE as si 20 Maintenance Forensic id iii 20 Chapter5 Data Entry Case Data cccccccncncnonononononononononononononononononononononoconoconoconononos 21 Caso Ren e dad Soe isa o eRe 21 Attorney A A O TAs AEEA aaa 22 Attorneys lens shored a e tr nd a e e ends 22 ON 22 A aur sndesaghasteentucdaseesoud sao nce a a dates a e ae ter as 27 Client Identification nesnenin E STAS 23 A a E a A E A 23 Show Earrings A e a E E a A R E a AS 23 A E E E AEE EEE ENE TE 23 A E EN E 23 Report Da a a a RTAS 23 MU Date ee das dl 23 ii Table of Contents Caso COmMent da 24 Chapter 6 Data Entry Scenar
80. d earnings for the future loss period by summing the individual adjusted earnings figures Calculates the estimated future loss by subtracting the post injury adjusted earnings from the pre injury adjusted earnings Calculates lifetime totals by adding the individual totals for the past and future loss periods Worklife Probability Offset Report The Offset Report option presented in this section calculates the probable worklife each year see Chapter 18 It sums the yearly worklife probabilities then combines the resulting figure with the earning package to end up with lifetime Adjusted Earnings Details of this report that vary from the Standard Report are present in this section Chapter 14 Worklife Probability Report Pre Injury VALE Post Injury VALE Prob of Prob of Prob of Prob of Prob of Prob of Life Part Emp Worklife Lj Part Emp Worklife 0 997 0 906 0 786 0 994 0 906 0 901 0 991 0 906 0 620 2 307 oe x Earning Package 37 845 Past Potential 87 308 Actual Earnings 39 500 Loss 47 808 0 991 0 906 0 278 0 991 0 733 0 225 0 988 0 906 0 895 0 988 0 733 0 724 0 985 0 906 0 892 0 985 0 733 0 722 0 982 0 906 0 890 0 982 0 733 0 720 0 978 0 906 0 886 0 978 0 733 0 717 0 661 0 191 0 126 0 661 0 065 0 043 0 636 0 191 0 121 0 636 0 065 0 041 0 610 0 191 0 117 0 610 0 065 0 040 0 584 0 191 0 112 0 584 0 038 0 556 0 191 0 106 0 556 0 036 21 890 15 954 x Earning Package 37 845 x Earning Package 33 092 Future Potentia
81. d in each broad group for the labor market you chose for the run Presents the percent of people employed in each broad group for the labor market you chose Presents the number of people employed in each broad group that match the parameters you entered see Chapter 17 Presents the percent of people employed in each broad group that match the parameters you entered The percent relates to the total number of people in the labor market not the number of people in the group Presents the average earnings for the run based on the parameters entered and the labor market chosen see Chapter 17 Presents the average earnings for the run after updating to report year dollars using CPI see 0 Chapter 13 VALE Report 65 VALE Census Report If desired you can print more detailed information regarding the results of your VALE run The next level of report summarizes the run at the Census Code level Figure 50 presents those Census Codes in which occupational codes are present that match your scenario parameters the level of printout you will get by choosing Census Selected Only on the Report Options tab Y Vocational Assessment Earning Selected Cens de Listiny_ ample mith Doe Census otal Selected Total Selected Code Census DOT s DOT s Employed Employed Earnings Group 1 Managerial and Professional Specialty 005 Administrators Officials Public 56 3 583 000 31 232 49 711 017 Managers Food Serving amp Lodging 16 5
82. degree of the aptitude The highest third exclusive of the top 10 percent of the population This segment of the population possesses an above average or high degree of the aptitude The middle third of the population This segment of the population possesses a medium degree of the aptitude ranging from slightly below to slightly above average The lowest third exclusive of the bottom 10 percent of the population This segment of the population possesses a below average or low degree of the aptitude The lowest 10 percent of the population This segment of the population possesses a negligible degree of the aptitude APTITUDE VALE CHARACTERISTIC WHAT IT MEANS G General Learning The ability to catch on or understand instructions and underlying principles the ability to reason and make judgments Closely related to doing well in school V Verbal The ability to understand meaning of words and to use them effectively The ability to comprehend language to understand relationships between words and to understand meanings of whole sentences and paragraphs N Numerical The ability to perform arithmetic operations quickly and accurately S Spatial Ability to think visually of geometric forms and to comprehend the two dimensional representation of three dimensional objects The ability to recognize the relationships resulting from the movement of objects in space 90 PartIV Reference APTITUDE VALE CHARACTERIS
83. des Categories by Gender With Missing Earnings or Outliers Females Missing Outliers 049 054 063 088 117 136 233 258 259 284 403 454 474 497 499 514 516 519 526 543 553 554 555 557 565 566 583 584 588 596 597 598 613 614 615 644 645 655 656 659 669 705 713 814 825 828 829 833 845 848 867 868 875 003 004 019 028 046 047 058 068 074 089 113 116 124 125 126 138 139 145 146 147 148 149 153 168 215 226 228 306 309 325 347 366 404 413 416 425 455 462 473 483 489 494 495 496 498 505 506 509 515 517 527 534 535 536 538 539 544 556 563 564 577 587 589 593 594 595 616 617 634 635 636 643 646 653 654 676 693 695 696 699 704 707 714 724 Chapter 15 VALE Sources 725 728 729 755 764 766 773 786 798 823 826 834 843 853 855 864 865 866 876 Males Missing 149 204 205 258 259 284 325 403 655 868 Outliers 086 088 097 117 125 136 144 145 148 153 193 285 306 309 404 405 425 466 474 483 489 499 649 659 684 729 743 793 814 825 833 845 Both Sexes Missing 258 259 284 403 655 868 Outliers 088 117 136 149 153 306 325 473 474 494 499 659 728 814 825 833 845 Imputing Missing Values for Earnings by Gender and Outliers Missing values are imputed by examining the ratio of mean or median earnings at the detailed three digit Census Code category l
84. ding 33 military occupations to focus on the civilian labor force Each of these 12 708 job titles is cross walked to one of 501 Census Code occupational categories by the National Crosswalk Service Center an agent of the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee NOICC In addition as later defined thirty one titles have been added to accommodate Census Code occupational categories that are void of DOT job titles giving a total of 12 739 titles These additional titles are also cross walked to the Census Code occupational categories Each of these three digit Census Code categories is grouped into one of six broad occupational groups as follows Managerial and Professional Specialty Technical Sales and Administrative Support Service Occupations Farming Forestry and Fishing Precision Production Craft and Repair Operators Fabricators and Laborers Se A 75 76 PartIV Reference Earnings and Employment Data Data on earnings by Census Code occupational categories are available from several sources Earnings for disabled and nondisabled persons by gender are reported in the 0 05 percent of the 1990 Census of Population and Housing Data are also reported by Census Code occupational categories in the March supplement of the Current Population Survey CPS which is released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Earnings and employment data for a VALE labor market is first derived from the 1990 Census data The most
85. e includes jerking Five Degrees of Strength STRENGTH LEVEL WHAT IT MEANS Light Sedentary work involves exerting up to 10 pounds of force occasionally or a negligible amount of force frequently to lift carry push pull or otherwise move objects including the human body Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time Jobs may be defined as Sedentary when walking and standing are required only occasionally and all other Sedentary criteria are met Light work involves exerting up to 20 pounds of force occasionally or up to 10 pounds of force frequently or a negligible amount of force constantly to move objects Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary work Even though the weight lifted may be only a negligible amount a job occupation is rated Light work when it requires 1 walking or standing to a significant degree 2 sitting most of the time while pushing or pulling arm or leg controls or 3 working at a production rate pace while constantly pushing or pulling materials even though the weight of the materials is negligible The constant stress and strain of maintaining a production rate pace especially in an industrial setting can be and is physically demanding of a worker even though the amount of force exerted is negligible Medium work involves exerting 20 to 50 pounds of force occasionally or 10 to 25 pounds of force frequent
86. e Both Sexes category and how they were imputed 79 80 PartIV Reference Census Code Category 258 259 284 403 655 868 Title Method for Imputing Earnings Sales Engineers Used earnings from summary category Sales Reps Commodities Except Retail split number employed from summary category equally between 258 and 259 the only two Census Codes under the summary Sales Reps Mining See 258 Manufacturing amp Wholesale Auctioneers Used earnings from summary category Sales related Occupations Launderers amp Ironers Used earnings from summary category Private Household Occupations Misc Precision Used earnings from summary Metalworkers category Precision Metalworking Occupations Helpers Extractive Used earnings from summary Occupations category Helpers Construction and Extractive Occupations An earnings figure is considered to be an Outlier if the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the Census Code category has a total of two thousand or fewer employed people or if the standard error of either the mean or median is at least sixty percent of the mean or median earnings figure This resulted in approximately 152 Census Code category Outliers that are gender specific or non specific The same procedure is utilized to replace Outliers and missing earnings for men or women The table below lists the Census Code categories that contain Outliers or missing earnings figures by gender Census Co
87. e data entry process See Chapter 9 to learn what defaults are available and how to alter them ES Case Entry Smith Doe ne Case Data Scenarios Past Loss Discount Pre Injury Earnings I Actual Earnings From Date of Injury to Report Date 0 00 Figure 27 Past Loss Form Past Loss If you wish to calculate past loss for your case activate this field by clicking on the Past Loss box or by pressing the SPACE BAR when the field is highlighted When this box is activated VALE 2000 will calculate loss of past earnings from the date of injury to the report date Discount Pre Injury Earnings If you wish to discount the past loss activate this field by clicking on the box or by pressing the SPACE BAR when the field is highlighted See Chapter 19 for a description of the calculation 38 Part Il Entering Your Data Actual Earnings From Date of Injury to Report Date When calculating past loss type in this field the total amount earned by the client from the date of injury to the report date Note that for accuracy this should be stated in terms of current dollars or a value consistent with your pre injury earning capacity and should include fringe benefits 1f benefits were included pre injury Chapter8 Maintenance Chapter 8 Maintenance VALE 2000 ships with blank tables of Attorneys and Consultants which expand as you enter cases and other data tables with some values preloaded Use the Maintenance tab
88. e expectancy statistic using the LPE approach Figure 59 presents a sample computation for a 60 year old male with at least a baccalaureate degree and no work disability Each row represents one year of potential employment The columns of the exhibit are as follows e Start Age Age at the beginning of this computation row e End Age Age at the end of this computation row e Base Age Survivors Number of survivors from Figure 62 for a 60 year old male constant for all rows e At End Age Survivors Number of survivors from Figure 62 for a male at the age represented by the End Age column of the respective row e Prob Of Life L Probability that a 60 year old male will live to the age indicated in the End Age column computed by dividing At End Age Survivors by Base Age Survivors e Prob Of Emp PE Extracted from Figure 63 for males with at least a baccalaureate degree and no work disability e Prob Of Work LPE Probability a male with a baccalaureate degree and no work disability will be employed in the respective year computed by multiplying Prob of Life L by Prob Of Emp PE 126 PartIV Reference The Prob Of Work LPE column is summed to 7 7 years to derive the worklife expectanc y for a 60 year old male with at least a baccalaureate degree and no work disability Figure 59 Computation of Worklife Expectancy 60 Year Old Male with a Baccalaureate Degree No Wo
89. ears when you first open VALE 2000 and consists of the Case Select tab and the Maintenance tab You use the Case Select form in the Control Center to start a new case or to perform functions on existing cases In addition once all the data on a case have been entered use the Print button on the Case Select form to print or display the final reports You can also perform maintenance functions using the Maintenance tab in the Control Center amp Control Center Al ES Case Select Maintenance Consultant Name Report Date Sort By Filter By Case Reference Case Reference C Attomey Attorney C Consultant Name Consultant Name Report Date Exact Report Date Figure 15 Control Center Using the Case Select Form to Manage Your Cases Here are the key features of the Case Select form Case Reference list This box lists cases that have been previously entered You can select any case from this list to copy edit delete or print 18 Part Il Entering Your Data Sort by option buttons You can use these buttons to alter the order in which cases appear on the Case Reference list Filter by text boxes You can use these boxes to select a subset of your cases to appear on the Case Reference list Add Case button You can use this button to go to a blank case form to enter data on a new case Copy Case button Once a case is highlighted you can use this button to create a duplicate of the case Edit Ca
90. ecting Worker Characteristics in the VALE program The operators provide a means of selecting the specific Characteristic Value you wish to use for the Worker Characteristic you have chosen LOGICAL OPERATORS WHAT IT MEANS SSS is gua Is Greater Than or Equal To lt Is Less Than or Equal To Between Is Between Two Values note that this includes the endpoints of the range you select Is Not Equal To 116 PartiV Reference Chapter 17 VALE Calculations Chapter 17 VALE Calculations Every time VALE is used the program scans 12 739 job titles Each of the job titles from the DOT is cross referenced by the worker characteristics needed to satisfactory perform work in the occupation The U S Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration assigns these characteristics Each of these job titles is cross walked to one of 501 Census Code categories by the National Crosswalk Service Center which is an agent of the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee Furthermore each Census Code category is clustered within one of six broad occupational groups Scanning the DOT Assume that you wish to perform a VALE run search of all occupations requiring an average level of general learning ability General Learning Ability at level 3 the middle one third of the general population The first thing VALE examines is the G aptitude of each of the DOTs contained in the first three digit Census Code category Assume th
91. education formal and informal which contribute to the worker s a reasoning development and ability to follow instructions and 6 acquisition of tool knowledges such as language and mathematical skills This is education of a general nature which does not have a recognized fairly specific occupational objective Ordinarily such education is obtained in elementary school high school or college However it derives also from experience and self study As noted above GED involves three types of skill reasoning R mathematics M and language L Each skill is further defined in terms of six levels as outlined on the following page Examples of Usage Within VALE Reasoning 3 selects only jobs that require a reasoning level of 3 Math lt 3 selects only jobs that require math levels of 1 or 2 Language lt 3 selects only jobs that require language levels 1 2 or Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 111 REASONING MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE LEVEL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT Apply principles of Advanced Calculus Same as Level 5 logical or scientific Work with limits continuity thinking to a wide range of intellectual and practical problems Deal with nonverbal symbolism formulas scientific equations graphs musical notes etc in its most difficult phases Deal with a variety of abstract and concrete variables Apprehend the most abstruse classes of concepts Apply principles of
92. een you will see Figure 3 informs you that the program is copying files needed for installation You do not need to do anything here Copying Files please stand by Processing stdole2 tlb 3 of 7 Figure 3 First Installation Screen 4 In some cases you will see Figure 4 next If you do click OK and the program will update necessary system files on your computer When this is complete you will need to reboot your computer in order to continue with installation Chapter2 Installation MN Setup cannot continue because some system files are out of date on your system Click OK if you would like setup to update these files for you now You will need to restart Windows before you can run setup again Click cancel to exit setup without updating system files E Cancel Figure 4 System File Update Screen 5 If at this point you see a screen informing you that you need to install Microsoft Access 2000 see the Microsoft Access section on page 11 6 The screen in Figure 5 should appear reminding you to close any open applications You may see a different screen if VALE 2000 finds an application still running that is a known conflict Leaving these applications open during installation may keep the program from installing all the files VALE 2000 needs for its computations Click the OK button 43 Vale 2000 v1 1 Setup Ed F Welcome to the Vale 2000 v1 1 installation program f Setup cannot install
93. ekly earnings by summary group Farm Operators and Managers and for Census Code 473 Farmers for both sexes and males In this case the both sexes mean 81 82 PartlV Reference dollar needs to be estimated based on the other three earnings figures The table shows that male Farmers earned an average of 400 per week while the average weekly earnings for males in the broader occupational group of Farm Operators and Managers was 522 Therefore male Farmers on average earned 400 522 100 or approximately 77 percent less than the average farm operator and manager If one pooled men and women together into a Both Sexes group it is reasonable to believe that the Both Sexes group of Farmers would have average earnings roughly 77 percent less than the average Both Sexes earnings of all Farm Operators and Managers BS This calculation which is made for VALE is shown at the bottom of the table So VALE uses an imputed value of 382 for the Both Sexes average earnings for Farmers Similar calculations are also performed for median dollars Mean Weekly Earnings by Gender Group and Occupational Group Level s s iTitle Male Both Sexes Summary Farm Operators and Managers MS 522 BS 498 Group Census Farmers MC 400 BC 382 Code 400 522 498 BC 382 A similar technique is utilized to impute earnings missing for either Male or Female groups When the earnings for Males or Females is missing or on the list o
94. ent Population Survey The specific sources for producing the education dollars are U S Census Bureau Current Population Reports Disability Selected Characteristics of Persons 16 to 74 Table 3 Work Experience and Mean Earnings in 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Work Disability Status of Civilians 16 to 74 Years Old by Sex 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 http www census gov hhes www disable disabcps html U S Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers U S City Average http stats bls gov data home htm Source used for updating education dollars to report year dollars While the first source provides data based on disability status and various educational levels data are not reported for various college degree levels Therefore the following source is used to break out college levels U S Census Bureau Historical Income Tables People Table P 26 Educational Attainment Full Time Year Round Workers 25 Years Old and Over by Mean Earnings and Sex 1991 to 2000 http www census gov hhes income histinc p26 html The remainder of this chapter provides the detail from these sources and describes how they are used Current Population Reports Data The education dollars used by VALE 2000 are based on a weighted average of six years of data from the Current Population Reports To obtain the education dollars used in VALE 2000 the earnings from each year are brought up to 2002 dollars using the CPI I
95. er is 163 0 156 9 or 1 039 This can be interpreted as showing 3 9 inflation from 1996 to 1998 The inflated wage would be 23 502 x 1 039 or 24 419 The VALE portion of the program will print 24 419 as the 1998 earning capacity and Worklife Probability will use this dollar in its calculations of lifetime expected earnings This process also works to deflate a wage This happens when the base year index is greater than the report year index If the report and base years were reversed in the previous example the multiplier would be 156 9 163 0 or 0 963 The 23 502 base rate would adjust to 22 632 Obviously if the base year and report year are the same the multiplier is 1 000 no inflation Chapter 22 Troubleshooting Part V Help Chapter 22 Troubleshooting If you are having a problem with VALE 2000 this chapter could provide a solution This chapter explores solutions to actual problems or errors with the system Although we expect such problems to be rare this discussion should smooth the problem solving phase First we explore some potential problems their symptoms probable causes and possible solutions Later in the Solutions section we provide more detail on the solutions introduced in the Problems section You should use the Problems section to point you to the potential solutions then read the Solutions section for the appropriate detail Note that the possible solutions listed usually do mt include calling Techn
96. ern 32 bit software is the ability to run multiple applications simultaneously However many users forget that their computers have resource limits that may constrain this ability If your system is running slowly you should close all applications and windows that are not necessary to your current tasks This includes any extra forms or report views you may have open within VALE 2000 If other applications must be open minimize them to reduce their resource requirements Also remember that although it may look great high resolution wallpaper is a significant drain on your computer s resources Compact and Repair As discussed on page 51 you should periodically compact and repair your VALE 2000 data to assure operating efficiency The Compact and Repair option available from the start menu performs two important tasks 1 Through frequent use of VALE 2000 your data records can become stored in noncontiguous space on your computer s hard drive This makes the system become increasingly inefficient and slow Compacting the data corrects this inefficiency 2 If your computer crashes or shuts down abnormally while VALE 2000 is open some pointers used in the system s data structure may become corrupt Repairing the data corrects these errors Confirm Resources If you have problems with memory or processing speed confirm that your computer meets the minimum requirements stated in Chapter 2 If you just meet the basic
97. ers Other Financial Officers Management Analysts Personnel Training and Labor Rel Spec Purchasing Agents and Buyers Farm Prod Buyers Whsle Retail Trade Exc Farm Prod Purchasing Agents and Buyers NEC Business and Promotion Agents Construction Inspectors Inspectors Compliance Officers Exc Const Management Related Occupations NEC Architects Aerospace Engineers Metallurgical and Materials Engineers Mining Engineers Petroleum Engineers Chemical Engineers Nuclear Engineers 92 PartlV Reference CENSUS CODE 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 95 96 97 98 99 103 104 105 106 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 JOB TITLE Civil Engineers Agricultural Engineers Electrical and Electronic Engineers Industrial Engineers Mechanical Engineers Marine and Naval Architects Engineers NEC Surveyors and Mapping Scientists Computer Systems Analysts and Scientists Operations amp Systems Researchers Analysts Actuaries Statisticians Mathematical Scientists NEC Physicists and Astronomers Chemists Except Biochemists Atmospheric and Space Scientists Geologists and Geodesists Physical Scientists NEC Agricultural and Food Scientists Biological and Life Scientists Forestry and Conservation Scientists Medical Scientists Physicians Dentists Veterinarians Optometrists Podiatrists Health Diagnosing Practitioners NEC Registered Nurses Pharma
98. evel to the mean or median earnings at the next largest summary category level that the Census Code falls into For example let us look at Census Code 473 Farmers where earnings are Outliers for the Both Sexes category VALE will check first if Male earnings are reported for Census Code 473 If they are reported and if they are not also an outlier earnings are imputed for the Both Sexes category using the following formula MC MS BS BC Here the values of MC and BC are the Census Code category mean or median earnings for the group of Males and Both Sexes respectively The values of MS and BS are the mean or median earnings of the next largest Summary Group containing Census Code 473 for the group of Males and Both Sexes respectively For Census Code 473 this summary group is Farm Operators and Managers In this case the ratio of Census Code category earnings to Summary Group earnings is estimated as roughly the same for the groups Male and Both Sexes If the Male Census Code category mean or median MC is on the list of Outliers the Female ratio of Census Code to Summary Group earnings FC FS is used to impute the value of earnings for the Both Sexes group If both the Male and Female earnings at the Census Code level are on the Outliers list the earnings at the summary category level will be used i e MS MC FS FC BS BC The table below illustrates the modifications made for VALE in this example The table shows mean we
99. f Outliers it will be imputed by employing the Census to Summary Group ratio for Both Sexes whenever possible In this case VALE imputes the gender specific Census Code category earnings GC using information on the ratio of Census Code category earnings to Summary Group earnings for Both Sexes BC BS and gender specific Summary Group earnings GS The following formula shows the calculation VALE makes in this situation BC BS GS GC If the Both Sexes Census Code category earnings is also on the Outliers list the Census to Summary Group ratio for the opposite gender OC OS is adopted in place of the Both Sexes Census to Summary Group ratio BC BS If the Census to Summary Group ratio for the opposite gender is also on the Outliers list the earnings for the summary category will be used Method for Splitting Combined Census Codes There are eleven instances in the annual report entitled Usual Weekly Earnings of Employed Wage and Salary Workers Who Usually Work Full Time by Detailed 3 digit Census Code Occupation and Sex Unpublished Tabulations from the Current Chapter 15 VALE Sources Population Survey Table A 26 where two Census Code categories are combined into one listing For use in VALE these are split to correspond with the data gathered in the 1990 census The following pairs of Census Code categories have been split 003 004 473 474 475 476 505 506 563 564 567 569 575 576 585
100. fe Expectancy Pre Injury Earning Package Post Injury Worklife Expectancy Post Injury Earning Package Description Displays the lifetime loss calculated based on your input Displays the client s age as of the Report Date Displays the pre injury worklife expectancy of the client Displays the pre injury annual earning capacity including fringe benefits Displays the post injury worklife expectancy of the client Displays the post injury annual earning capacity including fringe benefits 62 Part lll Using Your Data Case Summary Sample Smith Doe Mar 10 1999 Attorney Smith John Prepared by Name Consultant Client Doe John Gender Male Age 38 69 Date of Injury 8 17 96 Loss Range 348 282 441 933 Comments Two analyses conducted based on actual earnings and on labor market data Preinjury Postinjury Worklife Earning Worklife Earning Analysis Name Exp Package Name Exp Package Loss Analysis Actual Pre Injury Actual 21 9 39 360 Post Injury Actual 16 0 29 520 441 933 Analysis VALE Pre Injury VALE 21 9 37 845 Post Injury VALE 16 0 33 092 348 282 Chapter 13 VALE Report 63 Chapter 13 VALE Report This chapter describes your options for printing VALE reports As with the Case Summary report many of the items in the report simply echo your input The items that are calculated in some way are described below The reports in this chapter are for the same fictitious case regarding John Doe The exam
101. for a particular wage predates an analysis by one or more years When this happens you may increase the wage to reflect the inflation that has occurred since it was established VALE 2000 provides a mechanism to perform this computation automatically This provides the benefit of being able to use a wage from one year without needing to adjust the wage manually The CPI Adjustment check box on the Case Data screen see page 23 controls whether or not a wage is inflated If this box is checked VALE 2000 computes inflation adjustments Page 40 documents use of the CPI Index screen to load the Consumer Price Indices for any year These indices are the basis for all inflation adjustments made by the system Each inflation computation uses exactly two indices Base Year The index for the year in which the wage was established or CPI The 2002 CPI Index is estimated based on the monthly index for June 2002 141 142 PartIV Reference Report Year The index for the year in which the report is generated as determined by the Report Date field in the Case Data screen or CPI The inflation multiplier is computed by dividing the report year index by the base year index or CPL CPE Equation 6 Inflation Multiplier For example assume that VALE calculated a mean dollar of 23 502 in 1996 dollars and that the 1996 CPI was 156 9 Also assume that the report is being written in 1998 with a CPI of 163 0 The resulting multipli
102. g Machine Operators Punching Stamping Press Machine Oper Rolling Machine Operators Drilling and Boring Machine Operators Grinding Abrading Buffing Mach Op Forging Machine Operators Numerical Control Machine Operators Misc Metal Plastic Stone Glass Mach Op Fabricating Machine Operators NEC Molding and Casting Machine Operators Metal Plating Machine Operators Heat Treating Equipment Operators Misc Metal Plastic Processing Mach Op Wood Lathe Routing Planing Machine Oper Sawing Machine Operators Shaping and Joining Machine Operators Nailing and Tacking Machine Operators Miscellaneous Woodworking Machine Oper Printing Press Operators Photoengravers and Lithographers Typesetters and Compositors Miscellaneous Printing Machine Oper Winding and Twisting Machine Operators Knitting Looping Taping Weaving Mach Op Textile Cutting Machine Operators Textile Sewing Machine Operators Shoe Machine Operators Pressing Machine Operators Laundering and Dry Cleaning Machine Oper CENSUS CODE 749 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 763 764 765 766 768 769 7113 774 717 779 783 784 785 786 787 789 793 795 796 797 798 799 803 804 806 808 809 813 814 823 824 825 826 828 829 833 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 101 JOB TITLE Miscellaneous Textile Machine Operators Cementing and Gluing Machine Operators Packaging and Filling Machine Operators Extruding and Forming Machine Operators Mixing and Blend
103. he record you were on when you pressed the button VALE Delete Record Button If you wish to remove the characteristic that is currently on the form press the Delete Record Button This will permanently remove it from consideration in your VALE run VALE Parenthesis Use this field if you wish to group your characteristics in a particular way Use this field with caution Most of what you wish to do can be accomplished using the fields already available on the form see Characteristic Value section above Chapter6 Data Entry Scenarios VALE Restriction Statement You cannot enter data into this field For your verification the characteristics you have chosen will appear in this field as you finish them amp Scenario Smith Doe Pre Injury e E Start Date Fringe Rate 23 00 Discount Rate 5 00 Growth Rate 5 00 Figure 25 Economics Tab Economics Tab Start Date If you leave this field blank the analysis of future losses will begin on the report date In some cases children for example you may need to start the analysis at some point in the future To do this type the date you want the analysis to begin e g the child s 18 birthday Note that you cannot enter a date in this field if you also want to calculate past loss Fringe Rate VALE 2000 ships with the current national average for fringe benefits published by the US Department of Labor in the Employer Cost for Employee Co
104. hen you are done use the TAB key to move to the next field Comments In this field type whatever you wish regarding the scenario you are entering If you use VALE to determine earning capacity this comment will appear on the VALE printout Chapter6 Data Entry Scenarios Worklife Tab ES Scenario Smith Doe Pre Injury TC E Scenario Worklife Eaming Capacity Economics Gender Participation and Employment Male E Probabilities of LPE _ _ Educational Level Non Specific Y a es Disability Status W orklife Not Disabled 2 Probability of Life WT 2nd Disability Stats if Range o a Probability of PE VO Y Continuum Placement a End Age 5 Figure 20 Worklife Tab Gender Participation and Employment Select male or female as appropriate for your worklife expectancy analysis When the box shows the correct gender press the TAB key to continue to the next field Educational Level Select the educational level you wish to use for this scenario When the box shows the correct level press the TAB key to continue to the next field Disability Status Worklife Select the disability status you wish to use for this scenario When the box shows the correct status press the TAB key to continue to the next field 2nd Disability Stats if Range If you wish to place the client in a range between two average disability points select the first end of the range in the D
105. hese values At this point if you are finished entering characteristics for your scenario press the OK Exit button If you wish to enter additional characteristics press the TAB key or the New Restriction button to bring up a new form At times you may wish to enter a range of values that lies in the middle of the total range for that characteristic For example you may wish to do a run looking at jobs requiring an SVP of 3 4 5 or 6 To do this select Between in the Logical Operator field When you do this a second Characteristic Value will appear Select 3 in the first value field and select 6 in the second Note that this operation includes the endpoints you have selected VALE Record Navigation These arrows allow you to move through the characteristics you have entered for this scenario To move backward or forward one record click the left or right arrow in the center of the navigation field If you wish to move to the first or last characteristic entered press the left or right arrow with the vertical line VALE New Restriction Button Once you are finished entering information for one characteristic and you wish to enter additional characteristics press either the TAB key or the New Restriction button to bring up a new form VALE Insert Record Button If you wish to enter a new characteristic between two existing characteristics press the Insert Record Button This will bring up a new form that will be placed before t
106. ial Serv Sales Occup Advertising amp Related Sales Occupations Sales Occupations Other Business Serv Sales Engineers Sales Rep Mining Manufacturing Wholesale Sales Workers Motor Vehicles and Boats Sales Workers Apparel Sales Workers Shoes CENSUS CODE 266 267 268 269 274 275 276 277 278 283 284 285 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 323 325 326 327 328 329 335 336 337 338 339 343 344 345 346 347 348 353 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 95 JOB TITLE Sales Workers Furniture Home Furnishings Sales Workers Radio TV H Fi Appliances Sales Workers Hardware Building Supplies Sales Workers Parts Sales Workers Other Commodities Sales Counter Clerks Cashiers Street and Door To Door Sales Workers News Vendors Demonstrators Promoters and Models Sales Auctioneers Sales Support Occupations NEC Supervisors General Office Supervisors Computer Equipment Operators Supervisors Financial Records Processing Chief Communications Operators Supervisors Distrib Schedul Adjust Clrks Computer Operators Peripheral Equipment Operators Secretaries Stenographers Typists Interviewers Hotel Clerks Transportation Ticket Reservation Agents Receptionists Information Clerks NEC Classified Ad Clerks Correspondence Clerks Order Clerks Personnel Clerks Exc Payroll Timekeeping Library Clerks File Clerks Records Clerks Bookkeepers Accounting
107. ical Support This does not mean that you do not have that option The reason we do not list Technical Support for a particular problem is that the suggested solutions from Technical Support would likely be the same as detailed below Problems The problems listed below are in order of decreasing probability of occurrence Each problem may list multiple possible solutions We list these solutions in the recommended order of application Slow Response Symptoms Response time moving between forms and opening reports is slow Probable Cause Insufficient resources or fragmented data files Possible Solutions Close Other Applications reduce the drain on your computer s resources from other requirements Compact and Repair improve the efficiency of VALE 2000 s data storage 143 144 PartV Help Corrupt Files Symptoms Probable Cause Possible Solutions Missing Records Symptoms Probable Cause Possible Solutions Defragment Hard Drive improve the efficiency of your computer s data storage Reboot Computer free memory not released by closed applications Confirm Resources verify that you have sufficient horsepower to run VALE 2000 Receive error message stating that data are corrupt or unable to read data PC was turned off or crashed while VALE 2000 was running Compact and Repair repair corrupt data Restore from Backup revert to an uncorrupt backup version Reboot Computer free memory not released
108. ify the case on reports and on the Case Select form Use the TAB key to move quickly among the fields on the form When done move to the next data entry screen by clicking the Scenarios tab to continue the data entry process Case Reference Type in this field the reference by which you want to refer to the case Use a system to name cases as this reference is available on the Case Select form to help find existing cases One system would be to use the attorney s last name and client s last name as the Case Reference e g Smith Jones When you are done use the TAB key to move to the next field 21 22 Part Il Entering Your Data Attorney Name If you have selected a default attorney that name will already be in the box see Chapter 9 for information on setting default values If you want to use this attorney then just press TAB again to move to the next field If you want to change the name to a different attorney start typing the attorney s last name As you enter letters the system attempts to match the letters you are typing to an existing entry in the list If it arrives at the name you wish to use you can stop typing and press TAB to move into the next field the highlighted name appears in the Attorney box els aa LK _Cancel the attorney Press CANCEL to try again First Name Smith Tracking Code ky Last Name ohn Comments In Figure 17 Attorney Client Information Form If there is no match continue typ
109. ignificant Figure 60 presents a comparison of some of the estimates from this version to the corresponding estimates from the older version These comparisons are made for the All Levels of Education category Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Calculations 127 Age Current Older Chg Current Older Chg Not Disabled 25 35 6 33 9 5 29 7 28 5 4 50 14 1 12 8 10 11 2 10 2 10 Disabled Not Sev 25 27 5 26 0 6 21 5 19 8 9 50 9 4 8 4 12 7 2 6 2 16 Figure 60 Comparison to Previous Version Note that all example worklife expectancies show an increase This is generally true of all the worklife expectancy statistics in this version with the exception of younger workers with a severe work disability who show an overall decrease Using the worklife expectancies for a 25 year old female both with no work disability and with a not severe work disability Figure 61 decomposes the change from the previous version into the following categories e Update Life Tables The previous version used life tables published in 1996 the most current at that time This edition employs more current data published in 2002 In all cases the impact on worklife expectancy is insignificant e Adjust 93 CPS Weights The cross tabulations published by the Census Bureau for 1993 were available in two versions One version employed weights derived from the 1980 decennial census These weights were utilized for all years since the mid eighties In 19
110. imple process as outlined in this chapter Whether you are a novice or experienced computer user these instructions should guide you through the setup process in a few minutes Quick Start Users that are inexperienced with the setup of Windows software should skip to the System Requirements section of this chapter More experienced users can review this section and skip the remainder of the chapter Please be sure to review the README TXT file before proceeding Except as noted below installation of VALE 2000 is similar to all other Windows software setup programs You should close all applications and disable virus detection software before installation System Requirements Before beginning the setup program confirm that your computer meets the following minimum requirements e Pentium 133MHz Processor or higher e 64 MB of RAM or higher e Free hard disk space of up to 161 MB This number indicates a maximum initial installation hard disk space requirements vary depending on existing configuration e CD Drive e VGA color graphics monitor or higher e Microsoft Windows 95 OSR2 or Windows 95 with Internet Explorer 4 0 or later or Windows 98 referred simply as Windows throughout this manual not tested on Windows ME e Microsoft Windows NT 4 SP6 Windows 2000 or Windows XP You may verify items 1 and 2 by selecting the System icon of your Windows Control Panel The General tab displays the
111. ined which is 9 267 245 091 254 358 This cumulative frequency does exceed 208 235 indicating that the midpoint worker is somewhere in Census Code category 207 In this case VALE would report annual median earnings of 22 634 This median level of annual earnings would be for all people in the United States working at jobs requiring an average degree of general learning ability Now let us assume that you are interested in mean annual earnings instead of median annual earnings Assume that only the following small sample was selected from a national run Census Code Census Code Selected Number of Category Mean Category Number Employed Persons Weekly Earnings 205 16 653 19 517 206 9 267 29 208 207 245 091 22 634 208 145 457 22 552 416 468 Computing mean annual earnings does not require sorting of the data However one cannot simply add the four numbers in the Census Code Category Mean Weekly Earnings column together and divide by four to get mean annual earnings This would be incorrect because this calculation would give equal weight to the mean earnings in each of the four Census Code categories Clearly a larger percentage of people perform work in Census Code category 207 than Census Code category 206 In this situation VALE computes a weighted average WA A simple way to compute this weighted average is to sum together the total earnings of people in each of the four Census Code categories and divide by the total number of
112. ing Machine Operators Separating Filtering Clarifying Mach Op Compressing Compacting Machine Operators Painting Paint Spraying Machine Oper Roasting Baking Machine Operators Food Washing Cleaning Pickling Machine Oper Folding Machine Operators Furnace Kiln Oven Operators Exc Food Crushing and Grinding Machine Operators Slicing and Cutting Machine Operators Motion Picture Projectionists Photographic Process Machine Operators Miscellaneous Machine Operators NEC Machine Operators Not Specified Welders and Cutters Solderers and Brazers Assemblers Hand Cutting and Trimming Occupations Hand Molding Casting and Forming Occup Hand Printing Coating Decorating Occup Hand Engraving and Printing Occupations Miscellaneous Hand Working Occupations Production Insp Checkers and Examiners Production Testers Production Samplers and Weighers Graders and Sorters Exc Agricultural Supervisors Motor Vehicle Operators Truck Drivers Driver Sales Workers Bus Drivers Taxicab Drivers and Chauffeurs Parking Lot Attendants Motor Transportation Occupations NEC Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters Locomotive Operating Occupations Railroad Brake Signal and Switch Oper Rail Vehicle Operators NEC Ship Captains Mates Except Fishing Boats Sailors and Deckhands Marine Engineers 102 PartIV Reference CENSUS CODE JOB TITLE 834 Bridge Lock and Lighthouse Tenders 843 Supervisors Material Moving Equip Oper 844 Operating Engineers 845 L
113. ing the attorney s name When you press TAB to move out of the field the Client Information form shown above will open giving you the option of adding this new attorney to your attorney list If you click on the OK button this name will be available in your list for this and future cases If you click on the Cancel button you will return to the Attorney field and it will have returned to its previous value Before selecting OK make sure the name is exactly as you want it to appear on the report and in your list of attorneys Attorney s Client Type the client s name in this field as you wish it to appear on the reports Gender Select male or female as appropriate for the Attorney s Client This is the field to which the life expectancy data will refer When the box shows the correct status press the TAB key to continue to the next field Prepared By VALE 2000 allows you to have multiple experts named for your reports You identify an expert for a particular case by selecting him or her in the Prepared By box This box Chapter5 Data Entry Case Data operates exactly like the Attorney Name box When you have finished work on this field press TAB to move to the next section of the form Client Identification In this section you enter key information about the client and the analysis that will be used for several computations such as life expectancy past losses and others Death Case If the client is deceased check thi
114. inue or No to keep your data Printing an Existing Case gt 1 To print or display the report for an existing case Select a case as described above Click on the Print button or press ALT I or press ENTER when the Print button has focus This will open the Print Dialog form for the existing case See Chapter 11 for additional details about printing and displaying reports Maintenance Form Use this button to access the Maintenance features of VALE 2000 See Chapter 8 for more information on the Maintenance features Chapter5 Data Entry Case Data Chapter5 Data Entry Case Data This chapter focuses on entering basic data using the Case Data tab near the top of the Case form The forms in this section reflect the VALE 2000 default settings You may alter these defaults to simplify the data entry process See Chapter 9 to learn what defaults are available and how to alter them amp Case add new oix Case Data Scenarios Past Loss Case Reference oo Attorney Name o Attorney s Client O Gender Male 2 Prepared By o Birth Date Report Date 2 4 99 Injury Date Case Comments i is a default case comment Figure 16 Case Data Form Current Age Death Case 7 Show Earnings V CPI Adjustment Y When you add a new case the Case Data form is displayed Enter data on this screen as described below Information entered in these fields is used to ident
115. ioS cooomoconcnononcncnoncncnoncncncnonononocononococonononoconononononononos 25 A 26 Case Analia tdi ia ca datan 34 Chapter7 Data Entry Past LosS coccccccncncnononcnonononononononononoconoconoconoconononocononoconononos 37 Past Loss iodo dado 37 Discount Pre Injury Earnings ii A A A A A E A 37 Actual Earnings From Date of Injury to Report Date oooooonncccnocacocaconncnonacancnonnonnnonns 38 Chapter8 MaintenancCe ococcccccncncncnononononcnonononononononononoconocononononononocononononocononononocononos 39 Defa lts ii debia 39 RN 39 Consultas di dias 40 E 40 Ed cation id adi is 41 Error Log and Diagnostics icc ic ssscdssascaeinesodiasivassnacsassoaetasngvacsaehadenaasdeeaden ch E EES 42 Chapter 9 Defaults sissiccasesisssccasicscesssisavecescsecesssssasecesssecesssdsacececssevesesdaasecebssesesssdaasesessses 43 Case ID A 43 Chent ID A E A E hist dled de 44 NA AA a a E a a EE ESES 46 A O 47 Other LAB PP O O 48 Program Elo Tabasco 49 Chapter 10 Menus and Toolbar ocococcccncnononcnoncnononononononononononoconocononononococonoconocononos 51 Start Men e iinr oaee a e E S EE AEE sua ENa A EEA NOES 51 Menu Batt vialidad 52 Tol Daiana A poenaasbenad each sada iaa 55 Pare I Using DA is 57 Chapter 11 Reporting sssccccsisccscessssccsesscecasesecacestoasecasesesscesevedecasesedsseasvisevasesessscaesesenasestass 57 Report Selection Tab A aaa ede EERS 58 Report Options Tab ee A ee ote an TRESS 59 Exporting Reports to Micr
116. ion icon under the menu bar The dollars available in VALE 2000 are described in Chapter 20 amp Education Earnings Maintenance Scroll to Disability Status Gender Education Level Earnings Not Disabled Non Specil 116 years or more 58 292 00 Not Disabled Non Specil Non Specific 40 058 00 Not Disabled Non Specil Bachelors Degree 50 656 00 Not Disabled Non Specil Masters Degree 60 507 00 Not Disabled Non Specil Professional Degree 106 791 00 Not Disabled Non Specil Doctorate Degree 82 308 00 x 0 00 oj x Bsss888 le Figure 31 Education Earnings Maintenance Form The Education Earnings Maintenance form works similarly to the Attorney form see page 39 for details Make your selection in each column for the year of the dollar disability status gender education level then enter the dollar in the last column You may edit existing dollars or add dollars for new years in the blank field on the bottom of the form Note that any changes you make will appear in all reports for cases using that category 42 Part Il Entering Your Data When done with the Education Earnings Maintenance form click on the Close button to return to the Maintenance form Error Log and Diagnostics These should be used if necessary following contact with Vocational Econometrics technical personnel They may not be available to users of the current version of VALE 2000 Chapter9 Defaults Chapter9
117. isability Status Worklife field and the second endpoint in the 2 Disability Stats if Range field When the two fields show the correct endpoints of your range press the TAB key to continue to the Continuum Placement field 27 28 Part Il Entering Your Data Continuum Placement This field will be unavailable for use unless you have selected a disability status in the 2 Disability Stats if Range field Enter in this field the decimal that represents the client s placement on the continuum for this scenario For example if you wish to use a continuum placement that is halfway between the worklife for average not severely disabled and average nondisabled select Disabled Not Severely in the Disability Status Worklife field Second select Not Disabled in the 2 Disability Stats if Range field The Continuum Placement field will now be available for use Enter this field and type in 5 to represent your halfway placement Remember when using this field that the higher the decimal the higher the continuum placement In the above example typing 75 in this field will place the client three fourths of the way between your two endpoints closer to average nondisabled When the box shows the desired placement press the TAB key to continue to the next field End Age In this field type the age at which you want the worklife expectancy calculation to end VALE 2000 ships with a default age of 90 the highest age currently a
118. isabled persons Problems with the sample size make it difficult to report local dollars by three digit Census Code and virtually impossible to report local dollars for disabled persons without statistical interpolation In the example below 1990 Census mean earnings for all persons at the national level are compared to 1990 Census mean earnings at a local level New York City This is done 78 PartIV Reference for each of the six broad occupational groupings The ratio revealing the variability existing at the local level is then applied to CPS earnings figures in each of the three digit occupational categories within their respective broad occupational groupings The same ratio is applied to all persons men and women by disability status For example suppose you want VALE to estimate earnings for Optometrists in New York City VALE would take the CPS earnings for Optometrists and multiply them by 1 19 since this occupation falls in the first broad occupational group namely Managerial and Professional Specialty Census Summary Group Ratios Group National NYC Ratio 40 861 48 659 1 19 26 343 31 176 1 18 18 785 23 222 1 24 19 808 22 517 1 14 27 983 31 037 1 11 22 481 23 749 1 06 NNnNBWNR The ratios used to differentiate between disabled and nondisabled workers and earning patterns for workers in various regions of the country are obtained through the 1990 Census The dollars reported by VALE represent a single best estimate of ear
119. l we present the original sample size the employment rate computed from that sample size the rate for those with no work disability the disability ratio and the imputed PE rate substituted for the original estimate Consider the first entry for an example Males between 16 and 24 with at least a baccalaureate degree and a not severe work disability had only 29 n observations Using the CPS weights these 29 individuals showed an employment rate of 0 716 Original Rate The observed employment rate for males of the same age and education but with no work disability was 0 814 Non Dis Rate In general all males with a not severe work disability of this same age have rates of employment that are 94 2 Disab Ratio of their counterparts without a disability Since the sample size is small we discard the original rate and impute the employment rate to be used by multiplying the nondisabled rate by the disability ratio resulting in 0 767 Imputed Rate 124 PartIV Reference Age Original Non Dis Disab Imputed Gender Education Disability Status Group n Rate Rate Ratio Rate Male College Degree Disabled Not Sev 16to24 29 0 716 0 814 94 2 0 767 Male College Degree Disabled Severe 16to24 13 0 452 0 814 27 2 0 221 Male College Degree Disabled Severe 85to89 26 0 000 0 110 0 0 0 000 Male Some College Disabled Severe 85to89 25 0 000 0 048 0 0 0 000 Female College Degree Disabled Severe 16to24 29 0 241 0 851 32 3 0 275 Figure 57 Adju
120. l 828 427 Future Potential 527 950 Loss 300 477 Total Earnings 915 735 Total Earnings 567 450 Loss 348 286 Figure 55 Worklife Probability Offset Report Date Age Years 8 17 96 36 1 0 87 7 1 97 37 0 1 00 7 1 98 38 0 0 69 PAST 2 6 3 10 99 38 7 0 31 7 1 99 39 0 1 00 7 1 00 40 0 1 00 7 1 01 41 0 1 00 7 1 02 42 0 1 00 7 1 30 70 0 1 00 7 1 31 71 0 1 00 7 1 32 72 0 1 00 7 1 33 73 0 1 00 7 1 34 74 0 1 00 FUTURE 36 3 TOTALS Number Name 1 Past Pre Injury Prob Of Worklife 2 Pre Injury Earning Package 3 Pre Injury Past Potential Description Presents the client s pre injury total probable worklife for the past loss period Presents the pre injury earning package a combination of the base earnings and the fringe benefits Presents the total pre injury adjusted earnings for the past loss period a product of the probable worklife and the earning package 73 74 Part Ill Number 4 5 10 Using Your Data Name Future Pre Injury Prob Of Worklife Future Post Injury Prob Of Worklife Post Injury Earning Package Pre Injury Future Potential Post Injury Future Potential Future Loss Totals Description Presents the client s total pre injury probable worklife for the future loss period Presents the client s total post injury probable worklife for the future loss period Presents the post injury earning package a combination of the base earnings and the fringe benefits Presents
121. lgebra geometric construction and essentials of trigonometry Compute discount interest profit and loss commission markup and selling price ratio and proportion and percentage Calculate surfaces volumes weights and measures Algebra Calculate variables and formulas monomials and polynomials ratio and newspapers periodicals journals manuals dictionaries thesauruses and encyclopedias Writing Prepare business letters expositions summaries and reports using prescribed format and conforming to all rules of punctuation grammar diction and style Speaking Participate in panel discussions dramatizations and debates Speak extemporaneously on a variety of subjects Reading Read a variety of novels magazines atlases and encyclopedias Read safety rules instructions in the use and maintenance of shop tools and equipment and methods and procedures in mechanical drawing and layout work Writing proportion variables and square roots and radicals Geometry Calculate plane and solid figures circumference area and volume Understand kinds of angles and properties of pairs of angles Write reports and essays with proper format punctuation spelling and grammar using all parts of speech Speaking Speak before an audience with poise voice control and confidence using correct English and well modulated voice standardized situations 113
122. low cama fe number ee number Environmental 1 Not Present Conditions 2 Occasionally 3 Frequently 4 Constantly Noise Intensity Level 1 Very Quiet 2 Quiet 3 Moderate 4 Loud 5 Very Loud 88 Part iV Reference CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC CLASS CHARACTERISTIC VALUE Atmospheric Conditions Proximity to Moving Mechanical Parts 1 Not Present 2 Occasionally 3 Frequently 4 Constantly Exposure to Toxic or Caustic Climbing Balancing Stooping Kneeling Crouching Crawling Reaching Handling Fingering 1 Not Present 2 Feeling 3 4 Occasionally Frequently Talking Constantly Hearing Tasting Smelling Near Acuity Far Acuity Depth Perception Accommodation Color Vision Field of Vision Strength 1 Sedentary 2 Light 3 Medium 4 Heavy 5 Very Heavy Physical Demands Reasoning Language Math 1 to 6 1 is low Reasoning Math Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 89 Aptitudes Aptitudes refer to specific capacities or abilities required of an individual in order to facilitate the learning of some task or job duty Each job title has been assigned one of five specific levels for each of eleven aptitudes These levels reflect equivalent amounts of the aptitudes possessed by segments of the working population as follows LEVEL DEFINITION The top ten percent of the population This segment of the population possesses an extremely high
123. ly or an amount greater than negligible and up to 10 pounds constantly to move objects Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Light work Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure STRENGTH LEVEL WHAT IT MEANS Heavy work involves exerting 50 to 100 pounds of force occasionally or 25 to 50 pounds of force frequently or 10 to 20 pounds of force constantly to move objects Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Medium work Very Heavy Very Heavy work involves exerting in excess of 100 pounds of force occasionally or in excess of 50 pounds of force frequently or in excess of 20 pounds of force constantly to move objects Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Heavy work Limits of Weights Lifted Carried or Force Exerted RATING OCCASIONALLY FREQUENTLY CONSTANTLY N A 20 50 10 25 50 100 25 50 10 20 Very Heavy negligible weight N A Not Applicable In the preceding chart lifting pushing and pulling are expressed in terms of both intensity and duration Judgments regarding intensity involve consideration of the weight handled position of the worker s body or the part of the worker s body used in handling weights and the aid given by helpers or by mechanical equipment Duration is the total time spent by the worker in carrying out these activities Carrying most often is expressed in terms of duration weight carried and distance carried This information is
124. mon Windows functions Print Print Preview Cut Copy Paste and Undo described earlier in this chapter The next six buttons are navigational tools to help you move among the various forms Control Center Attorneys Consultants Education Earnings Consumer Price Indices and Options Defaults The last five of these buttons take you to the one of the maintenance areas Refer to Chapter 8 for more information about these functions The Control 56 Part Il Entering Your Data Center button brings you to the Case Select form Use this button if you do not see any windows on your screen Use the last button OfficeLinks to export a report to Microsoft Word Chapter 11 outlines the procedure for this Chapter 11 Reporting 57 Part Ill Using Your Data Chapter 11 Reporting Once data entry is complete you are ready to print or display the report To do this press the Print Current Case button at the top of your data entry screen or select the desired case on the Case Select form and press the Print button Some users may also be able to export the report to Microsoft Word and or Excel if they have these packages The reporting functions are described in detail below E VALE Print Dialog El Report Selection Report Options Print Report __ _ _ Destination V Case Summary Preview I Eamings Labor Market Access C Print TT Worklife Loss Computation Copies m8 Print Reports from This Case Smith Doe y
125. mory Symptoms Receive an error message complaining of insufficient memory Probable Cause Insufficient resources to operate all open programs Possible Solutions Check Free Disk Space verify that you have sufficient free disk space to run the programs Solutions The solutions listed below are in alphabetic order for ease of reference You should first identify the problem in the preceding section and then trace the suggested solutions to this section Check Free Disk Space Ensure that you always have 2 5 to 3 times as much free disk space as you have RAM random access memory installed in your computer For example a 16 megabyte computer would require at least 40 megabytes of disk space for its critically important 146 PartV Help swap file possibly as much as 48 megabytes This would be in addition to any temporary files that the various applications you have open at the time may create A short term solution may be to free up some disk space by deleting temporary files usually stored in C Windows Temp that are at least 6 months old then emptying the Recycle Bin Clear Filters If you cannot find a case you previously entered in the Case Select screen you may have filters turned on that actually exclude it from the current case list Make sure that the filters you enter are not so restrictive as to exclude your target case For more information see page 19 Close Other Applications One of the advantages of mod
126. mpensation You may change this to zero if you wish or enter any other fringe benefit rate Enter the rate as a decimal Discount Rate Enter in this field the discount rate you wish VALE 2000 to use in its calculation of lifetime loss If you do not want to consider a discount rate change the rate to zero Enter the rate as a decimal 33 34 Part Il Entering Your Data Growth Rate Enter in this field the growth rate you wish VALE 2000 to use in its calculation of lifetime loss If you do not want to consider a discount rate change the rate to zero State the rate as a decimal Manipulating Scenarios amp Case Entry Smith Doe EAN A Case Data Scenarios Past Loss Case Scenarios Reference Earn Cap Disability Status 32 000 Not Disabled Case Analyses Preinjury Postinjury Figure 26 Scenario Tab Once you have completed entering information for your scenario the Scenario form will appear similar to the picture above At this point you may press the NEW button to enter a second scenario If however you wish to change the existing scenario in some way click the EDIT button next to the scenario name This will take you back into the scenario entry screens for editing If you decide you no longer need a particular scenario for your case click the DEL button next the scenario name you wish to delete At times you will want to enter an additional scenario that is similar in most ways
127. ndex The 2002 dollars are then weighted by the number from the survey to derive an overall average The raw data used in this calculation are as follows 137 138 PartIV Reference CPS RAW DATA MEAN EARNINGS YEAR ROUND FULL TIME AGE 25 64 ALL EDUCATIONAL LEVELS LESS THAN 12 YEARS 12 YEARS 13 TO 15 YEARS 16 YEARS OR MORE With No Work With a Work With No Work With a Work With No Work With a Work With No Work With a Work With No Work With a Work Disability Disability Disability Disability Disability Disability Disability Disability Disability Disability Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings Earnings 36 430 30 848 21 269 17 496 28 153 24 567 33 608 28 498 52 546 50 137 38 239 30 754 22 502 16 622 29 303 26 014 35 379 32 133 55 430 44 334 39 589 30 098 24 273 19 294 29 865 23 107 35 972 29 180 57 606 45 514 40 903 31 854 22 978 19 174 30 230 25 240 37 361 31 134 60 179 45 891 42 738 34 156 23 362 19 761 31 607 27 823 38 932 35 362 62 502 49 703 45 262 33 968 25 644 21 325 33 196 28 232 40 536 34 564 66 681 48 575 42 512 35 579 23 573 19 937 32 609 29 184 39 123 30 835 62 004 55 777 44 307 35 957 24 759 19 008 34 196 31 055 41 148 37 828 64 274 51 279 45 892 33 703 2
128. ngs by Year E Show Date Time Stamp on Reports I Cancel Figure 37 User Defaults Form Program Flow Tab Automatic Combination Box Drop Down If this box is checked combination boxes will automatically display the drop down list when you tab into the field Report Level for VALE Earnings Proxy Use this to select the level of detail you wish VALE to print see Chapter 13 To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and make your selection from the drop down list that appears 50 Part Il Entering Your Data Worklife Probability Report Use this to select the type of report you wish Worklife Probability to print see Chapter 14 To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and make your selection from the drop down list that appears Show Date Time Stamp on Reports If this box is checked the printouts will show the date and time you ran them at the bottom of the page Chapter 10 Menus and Toolbars Chapter 10 Menus and Toolbars VALE 2000 provides two tools that give you alternative ways of navigating among the various windows pull down menus and buttons on a toolbar This chapter describes these features in detail In addition you may access maintenance and troubleshooting features using these tools Start Menu Consistent with other Windows 9x applications VALE 2000 creates a start menu group to provide access to its programs This enables
129. nings that vary as a function of region and disability versus nondisability status CPS Data The U S Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics collects national earnings data for full time wage and salary workers on an annual basis Both mean and median national earnings as well as the national number of employed persons are reported by detailed three digit Census Code category These earnings are reported for all persons combined and also by gender The data are contained in an annual report entitled Usual Weekly Earnings of Employed Wage and Salary Workers Who Usually Work Full Time by Detailed 3 digit Census Code Occupation and Sex Unpublished Tabulations from the Current Population Survey Table A 26 When VALE reports mean or median earnings it begins with data from the 1990 Census The 1989 earnings contained in the census data are utilized to obtain the census to summary ratios for local labor markets and by disability status This data source is utilized to obtain variability in earnings by locality and disability status Applying these ratios to the most current CPS data provides the best estimate of earnings stated in CPS year dollars by disability status and locality This conversion process to arrive at a labor market s earnings for a CPS year is actually performed to create the base data files that VALE uses Thus this portion of the computation is already complete before any VALE run For example suppose you wan
130. nly from a general failure of your computer To reinstall VALE 2000 1 Uninstall the old version as described on page 13 If the program tells you that it cannot find something in Staging click OK The uninstall process should leave your data files intact Then reinstall the software as described in Chapter 2 2 If step 1 is unsuccessful contact Technical Support Refresh Path If you moved your data file BASETABL MDB and or DYNATABL MDB to keep it separate from the program files you need to tell the system where to find the data See page 53 for more information Restore from Backup Proper safeguard standards dictate regular backup of your computer s data In some cases you may need to restore saved VALE 2000 files to solve a system problem If 147 148 PartV Help simply trying to recover a lost record or case the only file you need to restore is BASETABL MDB and or the DYNATABL MDB However if you are trying to recover from a general system failure you should restore the entire directory containing VALE 2000 Chapter 23 Support Services Chapter 23 Support Services Vocational Econometrics Inc provides technical support to assist customers in the implementation of VALE 2000 Included with the purchase of each license is free technical support for 30 days from the date of purchase Before you call please make sure you have tried to resolve the problem through the following steps e Compact and repair
131. nononononononoconocococonononoconocononononos 143 Problems ieiuniis rd discal 143 SOMOS ata 145 Chapter 23 Support Services cccccecccscscscscecscscscscscscscscscsescscsesescsesesesesesesesesesesesess 149 Free SU POON A NS 149 F e SUP A A O E OS 149 Before road tds 150 PTMI SUP HOLL tn a s e as a ea aussie 150 A ON 151 iv Table of Contents Foreword Foreword Welcome to VALE 2000 User s Manual your guide to placing a value on the loss of expected earnings due to disability or death In this manual you will learn how to enter information relevant to the analysis and how to generate and analyze loss computation reports In addition this manual provides valuable reference information detailing many of the sources used in the system s computations VALE 2000 is a tool for forensic experts We emphasize the word tool because no computer system can ever be an expert witness Only a highly trained person is capable of rendering an expert opinion Computer programs merely provide an expedient means to produce data that the expert is capable of producing manually albeit much more slowly Thus a major purpose of this manual is to provide the expert with the information needed to replicate and confirm these computations This manual has five parts Introduction provides an introduction to the mechanics of the system and instructions on installing the software It also provides the US Department of Commerce s definition of o
132. oduction Occupations Tool and Die Makers Tool and Die Maker Apprentices Precision Assemblers Metal Machinists Machinists Apprentices Boilermakers Precision Grinders Fitters Tool Sharpen Patternmakers and Model Makers Metal Lay Out Workers Precious Stones Metals Workers Jewelers Engravers Metal Sheet Metal Workers Sheet Metal Worker Apprentices Miscellaneous Precision Metal Workers Patternmakers and Model Makers Wood Cabinet Makers and Bench Carpenters Furniture and Wood Finishers Miscellaneous Precision Woodworkers Dressmakers Tailors Upholsterers Shoe Repairers Misc Precision Apparel Fabric Workers Hand Molders and Shapers Exc Jewelers Patternmakers Lay Out Workers Cutters Optical Goods Workers 100 PartIV Reference CENSUS CODE 678 679 683 684 686 687 688 689 693 694 695 696 699 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 713 714 715 717 719 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 743 744 745 747 748 JOB TITLE Dental Lab Medical Appliance Technicians Bookbinders Elec Electronic Equipment Assemblers Miscellaneous Precision Workers NEC Butchers and Meat Cutters Bakers Food Batchmakers Inspectors Testers and Graders Adjusters and Calibrators Water Sewage Treatment Plant Operators Power Plant Operators Stationary Engineers Miscellaneous Plant and System Operators Lathe Turning Machine Set Up Operators Lathe and Turning Machine Operators Milling and Planin
133. ongshore Equipment Operators 848 Hoist and Winch Operators 849 Crane and Tower Operators 853 Excavating and Loading Machine Operators 855 Grader Dozer and Scraper Operators 856 Industrial Truck Tractor Equipment Oper 859 Miscellaneous Material Moving Equip Oper 864 Superv Handlers Equip Cleaners Laborers 865 Helpers Mechanics and Repairers 866 Helpers Construction Traders 867 Helpers Surveyors 868 Helpers Extractive Occupations 869 Construction Laborers 874 Production Helpers 875 Garbage Collectors 876 Stevedores 877 Stock Handlers and Baggers 878 Machine Feeders and Offbearers 883 Freight Stock Material Handlers NEC 885 Garage Service Station Related Occup 887 Vehicle Washers and Equipment Cleaners 888 Hand Packers and Packagers 889 Laborers Except Construction Example of Usage Within VALE Census Code gt 389 selects from only those jobs in Census Code categories 403 through 889 Note that this produces the same result as Group gt 2 refer to the definition of Census Group Census Group The Census Group number of a job represents the broad occupational category under which the job is classified The one page VALE summary provided with all VALE reports lists job selections by these six broad occupational categories groups Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 103 Managerial and Professional Specialty Occupations contains Census Code Numbers CCNs 3 through 199 contains CCNs 2
134. orker once earnings are sorted from smallest to largest This is the first Census Code category of the sorted data where the cumulative frequency total To determine the midpoint worker VALE first takes the total selected number of employed persons and divides it by two It then takes this number and adds one to it The first integer greater than or equal to this result is the midpoint worker Therefore if the total selected number of employed persons is an even number like 416468 then the midpoint worker is one more than half of 416468 or 208235 If the total number selected happened to be an odd number like 416467 then half of this number plus one equals 208234 5 VALE will go to the next largest integer 208235 and consider that worker the midpoint worker Chapter 17 VALE Calculations number of selected persons in a Census Code category or previous Census Code category equals or exceeds 208 235 Using the example above the highest Census Code category of the rank ordered data contains 9 267 people Since there are no previous categories before this one the cumulative frequency for Census Code category 206 is simply 9 267 This cumulative frequency is less than 208 235 so it is not the Census Code category containing the midpoint worker The second highest rank ordered Census Code category has 245 091 employed persons The cumulative frequency for this category is the total number of people in the first two categories comb
135. osoft Word or Excel seesseseseeressrererrerserererrersessee 59 Chapter 12 Case Summary Report ocococcccnononcnononononononononononononoconononononononoconocononononos 61 Chapter 13 VALE RE pOrtesissccccsicccesisisccesesssccesesssesesesdsesesssdsacesesssscesssisessseadsesesdsdsssesesanes 63 VALE S mmary REPO artos 63 WV ALE CSos s REDON iii 65 VALE DOT REPO ts 66 Chapter 14 Worklife Probability Report ocooocococonononononononocononocococonononococococonocononos 69 Worklife Probability Standard Report oooonncccnnncccnonocinoncccnonnnonnnnncnnnnncnononononcnononcnonnnenos 70 Worklite Probability Offset Report Rattles 12 Part IV Referent Onenen a aa AHA ROT 75 Chapter 15 VALE Sources ooccccccncccnononononononononononononoconononononononoconononononononononocononononononos 75 Occupational Datars asi tetas Gitta ilaiete Rte Rial ema ngewontdG etalon 75 Table of Contents Earnings and Employment Data cs cccscvecsescevsvscesssnstedassesvancevaqeassassseevsecssuasaeescecaacdavess 76 Currents Y Carls SC al atlOn vectra va seal a EE E oan a TA 79 Data Modified A da eet aon 79 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure ooomoooconononononononononononononononocononococonononos 87 PS PU S aia id id 89 ers 6 IDO FD ETS 91 Data People TOMES viii 103 Value Levels for Environmental Conditions and Physical Demands 0 104 Environmental Conditions Wicotasnaian sore toria es linia edito dead resinas 105
136. ples are for a pre injury run requesting mean earnings for nondisabled male workers in the national labor market The parameter entered was General Learning Ability equal to Medium for a tabulation of average earnings for those jobs requiring an average degree of the aptitude See Chapter 15 through Chapter 17 for a description of the data sources and calculations in VALE Through the options presented on the Report Options tab in the Print Dialog form see page 59 VALE 2000 allows you to print VALE reports in varying degrees of detail Report Type Summary Census Selected Only Census All Description Summarizes your results using the six broad occupational groups see Chapter 15 Prints those Census Codes categories in which occupational codes are present that match your scenario parameters Summarizes information for each code on the total number of employed persons in the code the selected number of employed persons in the code the total number of occupational titles in the code and the number of occupational titles in the code that match your parameters In addition it lists the earnings associated with that code In addition to presenting information available on the Census Selected Only report this selection also lists those Census Codes categories in which there were no occupational titles that match your scenario parameters D O T In addition to presenting information available on the Census Selected Only repor
137. re being calculated and wb representing the Current Wage Base see Chapter 14 pe WP d d Equation 3 Present Value of an Amount y Years in the Future For the first pre injury period in our example wb is 24 184 d is 1 00 and y is approximately 2 39 from March 17 1999 to August 8 2001 Applying these figures to Equation 3 results in a Base Earning figure be for the period of 23 616 For those reports using a total offset where the growth rate and discount rate are equal the Base Earning figure will be equal to the Current Wage Base shown in the Summary section in this example 24 184 Adjusted Earnings Once the Base Earnings are calculated Worklife Probability calculates the Adjusted Earnings the figure that represents the client s probable earnings for the period given the variables chosen The figure considers the Base Earnings calculated in the previous section in combination with fringe benefits and Probable Worklife for the period see Chapter 14 and Chapter 18 Equation 4 shows the formula that calculates Adjusted Earnings ae with fb representing the fringe benefits rate stated as a decimal and wl representing the Probable Worklife for the period 133 134 PartIlV Reference ae be 1 fb wl Equation 4 Adjusted Earnings In our example the program takes the base earnings of 23 616 adds fringe benefits of 23 by multiplying by 1 23 then multiplies by the Probable Worklife figure of 643
138. re materially impacted than those for younger workers increased by more than 20 in many 128 PartIV Reference instances The Census Bureau has now corrected its Table 4 and has incorporated the computation for this age group in Table 2 for all years on its web site Extend Probabilities Through 89 The previous version stopped computation of probabilities at the age of 74 taking the person to his or her 75 birthday This limit arose primarily from the fact that the Census cross tabulations stopped at this age Since the current edition relies upon extracts from the CPS public use data files we can extend these probabilities through the age of 89 to the person s 90 birthday As one would expect the impact of this extension is more significant for older workers Extend CPS Pooling to 10 Years Probabilities of participation and employment for the previous version were derived by pooling CPS statistics for six years 1992 1997 This edition extends this another four years through 2001 All four added surveys took place during a prolonged strong economy for the United States Remember the 2001 survey took place in March of 2001 before the economic downturn As a result the probabilities and resulting worklife expectancies show material increases This is most observable for those with a not severe work disability This is to be expected In an economy approaching full employment employers are more likely to hire persons
139. recent CPS data are utilized to adjust earnings to dollar values in terms of the CPS year Applied to these CPS adjusted annual earnings are ratios that permit conversion to local labor market dollars that are specific for disabled and nondisabled workers These ratios are applied to the 1990 Census means and medians for the local labor market This computation is performed to create the labor market data files that accompany the VALE software Discussion regarding the calculation and application of these ratios is contained in sections Census Data and CPS Data Employment data are derived from the 1990 Census These data are used to report the number of employed persons by three digit Census Code category at the local labor market level Unlike the earnings data the employment data are static and therefore not modified by any other data source A more detailed description of how VALE uses Census and CPS data follows Census Data The U S Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census surve ys the earnings for full time wage and salary workers by detailed three digit Census Code categories every ten years Both mean and median earnings are derived for all persons disabled and nondisabled combined disabled persons and nondisabled persons The data are gender specific and may be summarized at the national state and local labor market levels The 1990 Census provides this information based on 1989 earnings and employment The mean earnings from
140. rive education dollars for each college degree level that are disability specific Historical Income Tables Raw Data Number 00 Number 00 Number 00 Number 00 Bachelor s or More 78758 76191 73590 71846 69796 69298 11580 11240 10713 10425 9634 9404 Bachelor s Degree 70332 65624 64724 60595 58049 59453 7895 7606 7276 7172 6686 6432 Master s Degree 2823 2818 2639 2447 2213 2268 Professional Degree 1274 12058 509 1267 13510 470 1264 12399 468 1321 12874 488 1277 12338 413 1208 12536 421 Doctorate Degree 1038 353 1008 346 998 329 966 318 893 322 853 283 139 140 PartIV Reference Chapter 21 CPI Index Source amp Calculations Chapter 21 CPI Index Source and Calculations The CPI Index is provided to assist in bringing Education and VALE dollars up to report year dollars when desired The source of the CPI data is US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers CPI U US City Average All Items Year_ CPI U Year_ CPI U Year CPI U 1970 38 8 1981 90 9 1992 140 3 1971 40 5 1982 96 5 1993 144 5 1972 41 8 1983 99 6 1994 148 2 1973 44 4 1984 103 9 1995 152 4 1974 49 3 1985 107 6 1996 156 9 1975 53 8 1986 109 6 1997 160 5 1976 56 9 1987 113 6 1998 163 0 1977 60 6 1988 118 3 1999 166 6 1978 65 2 1989 124 0 2000 172 2 1979 72 6 1990 130 7 2001 177 1 1980 82 4 1991 136 2 2002 179 9 6 Quite often the VALE or education dollar source
141. rk Disability Start End Base AtEnd Prob Of Prob Of Prob Of Age Age Age Age Life L Emp PE Work LPE 60 6l 84 232 83 115 0 987 0 807 0 797 61 62 84 232 81 913 0 972 0 807 0 784 62 63 84 232 80 619 0 957 0 807 0 772 63 64 84 232 79 226 0 941 0 807 0 759 64 65 84 232 77 730 0 923 0 807 0 745 65 66 84 232 76 135 0 904 0 370 0 334 66 67 84 232 74 437 0 884 0 370 0 327 67 68 84 232 72 628 0 862 0 370 0 319 68 69 84 232 70 695 0 839 0 370 0 310 69 70 84 232 68 632 0 815 0 370 0 302 70 71 84 232 66 448 0 789 0 370 0 292 71 72 84 232 64 157 0 762 0 370 0 282 72 73 84 232 61 759 0 733 0 370 0 271 73 74 84 232 59 256 0 703 0 370 0 260 74 75 84 232 56 651 0 673 0 370 0 249 75 76 84 232 53 954 0 641 0 164 0 105 76 71 84 232 51 180 0 608 0 164 0 100 77 78 84 232 48 333 0 574 0 164 0 094 78 79 84 232 45 410 0 539 0 164 0 088 79 80 84 232 42 406 0 503 0 164 0 082 80 81 84 232 39 312 0 467 0 164 0 077 81 82 84 232 36 136 0 429 0 164 0 070 82 83 84 232 32 905 0 391 0 164 0 064 83 84 84 232 29 672 0 352 0 164 0 058 84 85 84 232 26 487 0 314 0 164 0 051 85 86 84 232 23 377 0 278 0 110 0 031 86 87 84 232 20 382 0 242 0 110 0 027 87 88 84 232 17 542 0 208 0 110 0 023 88 89 84 232 14 889 0 177 0 110 0 019 89 90 84 232 12 453 0 148 0 110 0 016 Total Worklife Expectancy 7 708 Changes from the Previous Version of VALE 2000 Users of the previous version of VALE 2000 may notice a variance in the worklife expectancy statistics that is occasionally s
142. s Psychologists Sociologists Social Scientists NEC Urban Planners Social Workers Recreation Workers Clergy Religious Workers NEC Lawyers Judges Authors Technical Writers 94 PartIlV Reference CENSUS CODE 185 186 187 188 189 193 194 195 197 198 199 203 204 205 206 207 208 213 214 215 216 217 218 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 233 234 235 243 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 263 264 265 JOB TITLE Designers Musicians and Composers Actors and Directors Painters Sculptors Craftsmen Print Maker Photographers Dancers Artists Performers Related Workers NEC Editors and Reporters Public Relations Specialists Announcers Athletes Clinical Lab Technologists Technicians Dental Hygienists Health Record Technologists Technicians Radiologic Technicians Licensed Practical Nurses Health Technologists Technicians NEC Electrical and Electronic Technicians Industrial Engineering Technicians Mechanical Engineering Technicians Engineering Technicians NEC Drafting Occupations Surveying and Mapping Technicians Biological Technicians Chemical Technicians Science Technicians NEC Airplane Pilots and Navigators Air Traffic Controllers Broadcast Equipment Operators Computer Programmers Tool Programmers Numerical Control Legal Assistants Technicians NEC Supervisors Proprietors Sales Occupation Insurance Sales Occupations Real Estate Sales Occupations Securities Financ
143. s Firefighting Occupations Police and Detectives Public Service Sheriffs Bailiffs Law Enforc Officers Correctional Institution Officers Crossing Guards Guards and Police Exc Public Service Protective Service Occupations NEC Supervisors Food Prep Service Occup Bartenders Waiters and Waitresses Cooks Food Counter Fountain Related Occupation CENSUS CODE 439 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 473 474 475 476 477 479 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 494 495 496 497 498 499 503 Chapter 16 Worker Characteristic Structure 97 JOB TITLE Kitchen Workers Food Preparation Waiters Waitresses Assistants Miscellaneous Food Preparation Occup Dental Assistants Health Aides Except Nursing Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants Supervisors Cleaning Blding Serv Worker Maids and Housemen Janitors and Cleaners Elevator Operators Pest Control Occupations Supervisors Personal Service Occup Barbers Hairdressers and Cosmetologists Attendants Amusement Recreation Facility Guides Ushers Public Transportation Attendants Baggage Porters and Bellhops Welfare Service Aides Family Child Care Providers Early Childhood Teacher s Assistants Child Care Workers NEC Personal Service Occupations NEC Farmers Except Horticultural Horticultural Specialty Farmers Managers Farms Except Horticultural Managers Horticultural Specialty Farms S
144. s Since there are 501 Census Code categories this implies that VALE contains 1503 mean and median earnings figures that are gender specific and nom specific In some cases the CPS is missing earnings figures for Males Females or Both Sexes In other cases sample sizes are too small at the detailed three digit Census Code category level to provide reliable estimates There are also occurrences where estimates are considered unreliable because the standard error for the mean or median is at least sixty percent of the size of the mean or median In these latter cases the dollar figures are considered to be Outliers The remainder of this section will explain how the CPS is adjusted for cases of missing earnings figures and Outliers Of the 1503 gender specific and nonspecific Census Code categories there were approximately 69 which were missing from the annual report entitled Usual Weekly Earnings of Employed Wage and Salary Workers Who Usually Work Full Time by Detailed 3 digit Census Code Occupation and Sex Unpublished Tabulations from the Current Population Survey Table A 26 These include approximately 10 for males 53 for Females and six for Both Sexes If the mean and median earnings for the Both Sexes category were missing they were replaced by the earnings available in the next higher summary category for the Census Code The table below provides details on the Census Code categories that were missing earnings figures for th
145. s a runtime version of Access for you This version provides all the functionality needed to run VALE 2000 If you don t have Access 2000 installed the following set of screens will appear following Figure 3 or Figure 4 Click OK to the prompt in Figure 10 The application you are installing requires Microsoft Access 2000 Setup will now close and launch the Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime setup program 1 Figure 10 Access Setup Introduction 2 In Figure 11 choose Install Now and accept the defaults Choose Customize only if you are a very experienced user 12 Part I Introduction PS Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime Ready to Install Install Now Install Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime at C Program Files Microsoft Office A Customize E Choose the installation location For Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime Cancel Figure 11 Ready to Install Screen 3 This will be followed by several installing and configuring screens such as the one shown in Figure 12 i Installing Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime Verifying installation tasks a Figure 12 Installation Progress Screen 4 Click Yes to reboot your computer Figure 13 i Installer Information Microsoft Access 2000 Runtime can continue Click Yes to restart now i The installer must restart your system before configuration of or No if you plan to manually restart later Figure 13 Installer Information Chapter
146. s assigned To choose the control or menu item associated with the shortcut key hold down the ALT key and press the underlined letter on your keyboard as an alternative to using your mouse When prompted to click on an object move the mouse pointer over that object press and immediately release the left mouse button The right mouse button has no function in version 1 0 of VALE 2000 To select a control with your mouse simply click on it The control that currently has the focus of the system is the active control An active control has either highlighted contents or a blinking cursor Chapter1 Before You Begin 3 Control Definitions a Command Button amp Case add new Text Case Data Scenarios Past Loss Box Case Reference ombination Box Tone Name x Attomey s Client Gender Male Check Prepared By Box Death Cas Birth Date Current Age Show Earnings Y Report Date 2 4 99 CPI Adjustment JV Injury Date Case Comments is a default case comment Figure 1 Typical Window VALE 2000 features many screen components that are familiar to most Windows users as controls References to these controls throughout the manual use standardized names for each control type First consider the screen shown in Figure 1 This screen demonstrates the following control types Control Sample Description Name Text Box Injury Date SS Text boxes prompt for entry of a
147. s box by clicking on it or by pressing the space bar when the field is highlighted Show Earnings If you want the VALE runs the assessment of labor market access and earning capacity for this case to display dollar amounts check this box by clicking on it or by pressing the space bar when the field is highlighted If the box is not checked the VALE runs will display labor market access only CPI Adjustment If you want CPI adjustments on the dollar amounts in the report check this box by clicking on it or by pressing the space bar when the field is highlighted If the box is not checked the program will use the dollars as entered into the program Birth Date Enter the client s date of birth and press the TAB key to continue to the next field when done Report Date VALE 2000 will default to the date you enter the case If you wish to use another date type over the date in the field This is the date that ends the calculation of past loss and begins future loss Also if you have the CPI Adjustment box checked see above dollars will be adjusted to the year of the report date Injury Date Enter the client s date of injury and press the TAB key to continue to the next field 23 24 Part Il Entering Your Data Case Comments Use this field to enter any description or information about this case up to 255 characters These comments will be displayed on the Case Summary report Chapter6 Data Entry Scenarios 25 Ch
148. s exhibit one line is listed for each of the 10 pooled years The Total column reflects the estimated total population size in thousands for this particular cell using the CPS official weights The Empl column provides the estimated number of people in thousands in this cell that was employed at the time of the respective survey Finally the n column depicts the actual number of cell observations in the CPS Using 2001 as an example approximately 1 211 000 Total males were between the age of 55 and 64 with less than a High School degree and no work disability Of this group 897 000 Empl were employed in March of 2001 The Census Bureau derived these quantities from a sample size of 614 n individuals 4 http www vocecon com technical ftp data appdpe pdf Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Calculations 123 These three quantity columns are summed for the 10 pooled years resulting in totals of 14 112 000 Total 10 429 000 Empl and 7 690 n The average PE rate for these years is then computed simply by dividing the total number employed 10 429 000 by the total estimated population sizes 14 112 000 or 0 739 Stated more simply for the 10 years ended in 2001 approximately 73 9 of males between the age of 55 and 64 with less than a High School degree and no work disability were employed This process is repeated for each potential combination of gender age education and disability status The resulting PE
149. s within each of the three digit Census Code categories it is not possible to define accurately average earnings for disabled persons at the three digit Census code level This is true only to a limited degree at the national level but exists to a greater degree at the state and local levels Therefore to portray reasonably the earnings variance that exists for disabled persons who work a conversion geared to the six broad occupational groups is appropriate Once these conversion ratios are obtained they are applied to earnings figures from the most current CPS data The ratios are applied to all the three digit Census Code categories that fall within the relevant broad occupational group For example the first broad occupational group is Managerial and Professional Specialty This includes all three digit Census Code category numbers between 003 and 199 The CPS earnings figures from each of these three digit Census Code categories are multiplied by 1 0040 and 0 8535 to arrive at average nondisabled and average disabled earnings respectively These earning figures expressed in CPS year dollars represent the best estimate of earnings for workers in the occupational group Managerial and Professional Specialty by disability status At the local level i e state or metropolitan area local dollars are obtained through the use of a conversion factor similar to the one used above for establishing discrepant patterns of the earnings of disabled and nond
150. se button Once a case is highlighted you can use this button to go to the Case form where you can view and edit the data Delete Case button Once a case is highlighted you can use this button to delete it from VALE 2000 Print button Once a case is highlighted you can use this button to go to the Print Dialog form where you can view or print final reports Each of these functions is described in detail below Adding a New Case gt To add a new case 1 Click on the Add Case button or press AL T A or press ENTER when the Add Case button has focus 2 Complete the Case form as described in the next chapters Selecting an Existing Case gt To select an existing case from a list of cases 1 Move the mouse pointer down the list until the case you want has focus Use the scroll bar and buttons on the right side of the window if necessary to show more cases 2 Click anywhere on the highlighted case Sorting The list in the Case Reference box contains the following information about your existing cases Case Reference Attorney Consultant Name and Report Date In order to Chapter4 Managing Cases simplify case selection you may sort the list by any of these four criteria Select the one you want by clicking on the appropriate Sort by option button Note Sorting occurs by the first letter in the field and therefore will be most useful if you enter all client names last name first e g Jones John If you enter
151. select a default value for the gender you wish Worklife Probability to use when calculating worklife expectancy To select a different default click on the arrow to the right of the field and select the desired gender from the drop down list that appears 45 46 Part Il Entering Your Data User Defaults Case 1D Client ID Worklife Financial Other Program Flow Stop Computation at Age E Probabilities to Factor Future Past Losses Losses Life M E Participation Employment M lv Conca Figure 34 Use Defaults Form Worklife Tab Worklife Tab Stop Computation at Age The default value for this field is 90 data on participation and employment are available through age 89 Worklife Probability will calculate worklife expectancy to the birthday listed in this box Probabilities to Factor Worklife Probability has the ability to calculate worklife expectancy by independently using or ignoring the life factor and the participation and employment factor for past and for future losses If a given box is checked Worklife Probability will include that factor in its calculations Chapter9 Defaults Financial Tab User Defaults Case 1D Client ID Worklife Financial Other Prograrn Flow Inflate by CPI 4 Earning Proxy VALE Computat 7 Fringe Benefit Rate 23 00 Growth Rate Discount Rate VALE Proxy Earnings LaborMarket Income Measure Figure 35 User Defaults Form Finan
152. selected employed persons In the example above the total amount of earnings for the selected people working in Census code category 205 is simply the average earnings for that occupational category multiplied by the selected number of workers in that occupational category In this example that would be 19 517 16 653 or 325 016 601 If we do this for the remaining three Census Code categories add the four figures together and divide by the total number of selected employed persons we will have calculated the weighted average In this example the weighted average is 119 120 PartIV Reference WA 19 517 16 653 29 208 9 267 22 634 245 091 22 552 145 457 416 468 22 627 This mean level of annual earnings would be for all people in the United States working at jobs requiring an average degree of general learning ability Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Calculations 121 Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Sources and Calculations Worklife expectancies in VALE 2000 are computed using the LPE model This model computes a person s probability of working in any particular year by combining his or her probabilities of life L participation P and employment E into a joint probability This appendix documents the source and derivation of these probabilities and demonstrates the computation of a sample worklife expectancy statistic Probability of Life The first building block of our worklife e
153. set Regardless of the report type chosen the top portion of the Worklife printout will be the same as presented in Figure 53 Number Name Description 1 Notes Notes created by the program which summarize your analysis choices 2 Current Wage Base Presents the pre injury and post injury annual earning capacity based on your scenario inputs 3 Future Worklife Value Presents the pre injury and post injury worklife expectancy as of the report date by summing the individual Probable Worklife figures see next section 4 Future Worklife Percent Presents as a percentage the loss of worklife expectancy from pre injury to post injury 69 70 Part lll Using Your Data Number Name Description 5 Lifetime Earnings Presents the total pre injury and post injury lifetime earnings based on your scenario inputs by summing the individual Adjusted Earnings figures see next section It also presents the total lifetime loss Worklife Probability Computation of Lost Worklife and Earnings Sample Smith Doe Analysis VALE Attorney Smith John Prepared by Name Consultant Client Doe John Notes Both scenarios factor the probabilities of life participation and employment Past losses are computed for periods between the injury date and date of analysis Base earnings for past losses are stated in current period dollars and are not adjusted for discount and growth rates Summary Pre Injury VALE Post Injury VALE General Birth Date
154. stment for Insufficient Observations CPS Extraction The process employed to derive the quantities and PE rates is identical to that used by the Census Bureau in its disability cross tabulations One could compute the PE rate for any specific year of a cell by dividing the total employed by the estimated population size from a cell The resulting rate should match that shown by the Census Bureau in its Table 2 of cross tabulations using the Percent Employed Total column of the Census table The exceptions here will be for 1992 1994 which are not posted on the Census web site and for the 75 84 and 85 89 age groups which are not included in the Census Table 2 Note also that when using Census Table 2 statistics for those with a not severe work disability must be imputed using data from the With a work disability and With a severe work disability categories Since the former category includes persons with both a severe and a not severe work disability subtracting the latter from it results in a category of workers with a not severe work disability For those that wish to replicate the extraction from the CPS data files Figure 58 identifies the key variables used to select and categorize the responses Figure 58 CPS Extraction Variables Gender where 1 identifies Males and 2 identifies females A HGA Highest grade achieved 31 38 indicate less than a high school degree 39 indicates a high school degree or equivalent
155. summarized in the table below The range excludes the lower number and includes the higher number i e the range 10 25 excludes 10 begins at 10 and includes 25 Overlapping ranges of 10 in the Occasionally column for Sedentary work and Light work occupations are differentiated on the basis of the worker s posture and the rate at which work is performed For example all Sedentary occupations involve sitting constantly However in some occupations workers sit constantly but exert force of an amount or at a frequency rate that exceeds those for Sedentary work Such occupations are therefore rated at least for Light work Examples of Usage Within VALE Strength 3 Medium selects jobs that require the physical demands of medium work only this does not select jobs that require sedentary and light work 109 110 PartIV Reference Strength lt gt 5 Very Heavy selects jobs that require sedentary light medium and heavy work lt gt is the same as not equal to Strength lt 2 Light selects jobs that require either sedentary or light work Climbing 2 Occasionally selects jobs that require climbing on an occasional basis Balancing lt 3 Frequently selects jobs that do not require balancing or require it on an occasional or frequent basis Reasoning Math Language Reasoning Math and Language represent General Educational Development GED levels GED embraces those aspects of
156. system files or update shared files if they are in use Before proceeding we recommend that you close any applications you may be running Exit Setup Figure 5 Setup Introduction 7 Next a prompt for the path in which to install the system appears as shown in Figure 6 The default path displays and should suffice for most situations However you may select a different path by pressing the Change Directory button Once you are satisfied with the path press the installation icon 10 Part I Introduction 2 Yale 2000 1 1 Setup Figure 6 Setup Path Selection 8 The program next adds a new item to the program group on your computer Figure 7 Click Continue 9 Figure 8 will appear to inform you of the progress of the installation 10 When installation is complete Figure 9 restart your computer 2 Yale 2000 v1 1 Choose Program Group Vale 2000 Figure 7 Choose Program Group Chapter2 Installation 11 J Vale 2000 v1 1 Setup Ea Destination File Figure 8 Setup Progress Screen Yale 2000 1 1 Setup Vale 2000 1 1 Setup was completed successfully Figure 9 Setup Complete Screen Microsoft Access VALE 2000 relies upon data structures and relationships common in database management systems In fact the underlying engine that runs VALE 2000 is Microsoft Access 2000 However you do not need to own Microsoft Access to use VALE 2000 The setup process install
157. t this selection also lists the occupational titles that match your scenario parameters Depending on your parameters this can result in a very long report VALE Summary Report Figure 49 presents that portion of the VALE Summary Report that is calculated based on the parameters you entered Details are present below the figure 64 Part Ill Using Your Data Group Title 1 Managerial and Professional Specialty 2 Technical Sales and Administrative Support 3 Service Occupations 4 Farming Forestry and Fishing 5 Precision Production Craft and Repair 6 Operators Fabricators and Laborers 1997 Mean Annual Earnings 30 057 1999 Mean Annual Earnings 30 768 CPI adjustment of 2 37 Number 1 2 Total Labor Market With Number Percent Number Percent Employed Employed Selected Selected 28 252 000 30 2 1 944 888 2 1 26 787 000 28 6 18 016 242 19 3 10 173 000 10 9 5 740 214 6 1 1 529 000 1 6 687 827 0 7 11 493 000 12 3 9 968 366 10 7 15 341 000 16 4 6 495 050 6 9 93 575 000 100 0 42 852 587 45 8 Pe Figure 49 VALE Summary Report Name Group Title Labor Market Number Employed Labor Market Percent Employed With Parameters Number Selected With Parameters Percent Selected 1997 Mean Annual Earnings 1999 Mean Annual Earnings Description Presents the number and name of the broad Census group being summarized Presents the total number of people employe
158. t VALE to estimate the average earnings of nondisabled male Fire Fighters in New York City stated in terms of CPS year dollars The New York Chapter 15 VALE Sources City labor market data recognize that Fire Fighters are part of the broad occupational group Service Occupations group 3 The census to summary ratios by disability status and locality derived from the 1990 Census are retrieved In this case the census to summary ratio for nondisabled males in group 3 is 100 63 ar 1 0063 The census to summary ratio for workers in New York City working in group 3 is 1 24 After retrieving these ratios the average earnings of workers in Census Code 417 Fire Fighters from the CPS data is multiplied by 1 0063 and again by 1 24 to arrive at the estimated average earnings of nondisabled male Fire Fighters in New York City This estimate is stated in terms of CPS year dollars Current Year Escalation Since the earnings information developed from the CPS is usually one year in arrears the above process does not result in the most current earnings VALE allows optional case specific adjustment to current year dollars using the Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers CPI U U S City Average All Items which is provided by the U S Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics see 0 Data Modified for VALE Outliers VALE reports mean and median earnings by detailed three digit Census Code category for Males Females and Both Sexe
159. tal Selected Total Selected Code Census DOT s DOT s Employed Employed Earnings Group 1 Managerial and Professional Specialty 003 Legislators 1 13 000 None 44 112 004 Chief Executives General Admin 1 13 000 None 44 112 005 Administrators Officials Public 56 3 583 000 31 232 49 711 006 Administrators Protective Services 13 54 000 None 45 054 007 Financial Managers 8 652 000 None 60 281 Figure 51 VALE Census All Report VALE DOT Report The VALE DOT reports add another level of detail to the Census reports just described In addition to all of the information presented in the Census Selected Only report Figure 50 it presents the number and name of the occupational titles that match the parameters entered for the run see Figure 52 Chapter 13 VALE Report 67 VALE Vocational Assessment of Lost Earnings Selected Occupation Listing Sample Smith Doe Census Total Selected Total Selected Code Census DOT s DOT s Employed Employed Earnings 005 Administrators Officials Public 56 3 583 000 31 232 49 711 169 167 0 Park Ranger 169 167 0 Public Health Registrar 185 167 0 Supervisor Liquor Stores And 017 Managers Food Serving amp Lodging 16 5 892 000 278 750 36 211 185 137 0 Manager Fast Food Services 187 167 0 Manager Camp 187 167 1 Manager Liquor Establishment 320 137 0 Manager Boarding House 320 137 0 Manager Lodging Facilities 018 Managers Properties And Real Estate 19 1 325 000 17 105 39 926
160. tatus press the Add Edit Restrictions button to continue input for this scenario VALE Add Edit Restrictions Press this button to go to the form that will allow you to select the Worker Characteristics for the scenario Scenario Restrictions Scenario Restrictions Smith Johnson Pre Injury New Insert Delete Record Navigation Restriction Record Record 14 4 gt Ll Undo DK Exit Parenthesis e None o Cc Characteristic Class Characteristic Logical Operator Characteristic Value X X Restriction Statement Figure 24 Scenario Restrictions Form VALE Characteristic Class Select the Characteristic Class you wish to use for this scenario See Chapter 16 for an outline and explanation of these classes When the box shows the desired class press the TAB key to continue to the next field VALE Characteristic Select the Characteristic you wish to use for this scenario See Chapter 16 for an outline and explanation of these characteristics When the box shows the desired characteristic press the TAB key to continue to the next field 32 Part Il Entering Your Data VALE Logical Operator Select the Logical Operator that is appropriate for this scenario When the box shows the desired operator press the TAB key to continue to the next field VALE Characteristic Value Select the Characteristic Value that is appropriate for this scenario See Chapter 16 for an outline and explanation of t
161. the total pre injury adjusted earnings for the future loss period a product of the probable worklife and the earning package Presents the total post injury adjusted earnings for the future loss period a product of the probable worklife and the earning package Calculates the estimated future loss by subtracting the post injury future potential from the pre injury future potential Calculates lifetime totals by adding the individual totals for the past and future loss periods Chapter 15 VALE Sources Part IV Reference Chapter 15 VALE Sources VALE utilizes sources of information on job characteristics employment and earnings The Dictionary of Occupational Titles DOT is used to define job specific characteristics Data from the 1990 Census provide information regarding employment and earnings Both the job specific characteristics and employment figures used by VALE are static from year to year Earnings are updated annually through information contained in the March supplement of the Current Population Survey CPS Occupational Data The Dictionary of Occupational Titles DOT qth Edition Revised 1991 contains 12 741 separate job titles that are cross referenced by worker characteristics required to perform work satisfactorily The classification of job titles and worker characteristics is the responsibility of the U S Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration VALE utilizes 12 708 of these job titles exclu
162. to one already entered In this case click the COPY button next to the original scenario This will bring up a copy of the scenario that you can then EDIT as desired Case Analyses Once you have set up the pre injury and post injury scenarios for your case you are ready to set up the analyses This is simply an identification of which pre injury or post injury scenarios go together to make a complete analysis Chapter6 Data Entry Scenarios 35 Name Enter the name by which you want to identify the analysis For a case with one analysis a name as simple as Analysis could be sufficient Otherwise a more specific name is recommended Pre injury In this field select the scenario you want to use as pre injury for the Name you entered by choosing it from the drop down list or typing the name in the field Post injury In this field select the scenario you want to use as post injury for the Name you entered If the case is one of death or total disability skip this field and enter nothing EDIT and DEL buttons Once an analysis is set up you may use these buttons to edit them or to delete them as desired 36 Part Il Entering Your Data Chapter7 Data Entry Past Loss 37 Chapter 7 Data Entry Past Loss This chapter focuses on entering past loss data using the Past Loss tab near the top of the Case Entry form The form shown in this section reflects the VALE 2000 defaults You may alter these defaults to simplify th
163. ty of vision at 20 inches or less Clarity of vision at 20 feet or more Depth Perception Three dimensional vision Ability to judge distances and spatial relationships so as to see objects where and as they actually are Accommodation Adjustment of lens of eye to bring an object into sharp focus This factor is required when doing near point work at varying distances from the eye Ability to identify and distinguish colors Field of Vision Observing an area that can be seen up and down or to right and left while eyes are fixed on a given point The strength factor is expressed in terms of Sedentary Light Medium Heavy and Very Heavy It is measured by involvement of the worker with one or more of the following activities a Worker position s 1 Standing Remaining on one s feet in an upright position at a workstation without moving about 2 Walking Moving about on foot 108 PartIV Reference 3 Sitting Remaining in the normal seated position b Worker movement of objects including extremities used 1 Lifting Raising or lowering an object from one level to another includes upward pulling 2 Carrying Transporting an object usually holding it in the hands or arms or on the shoulder 3 Pushing Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves away from the force includes slapping striking kicking and treadle actions 4 Pulling Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves toward the forc
164. upervisors Farm Workers Farm Workers Marine Life Cultivation Workers Nursery Workers Supervisors Related Agricult Occupations Groundskeepers and Gardeners Except Farm Animal Caretakers Except Farm Graders and Sorters Agricult Products Inspectors Agricultural Products Supervisors Forestry Logging Workers Forestry Workers Except Logging Timber Cutting Logging Occupations Captains amp Officers Fishing Vessels Fishers Hunters and Trappers Supervisors Mechanics and Repairers 98 PartIlV Reference CENSUS CODE 505 506 507 508 509 514 515 516 517 518 519 523 525 526 527 529 533 534 535 536 538 539 543 544 547 549 553 554 555 556 557 558 563 564 565 566 567 569 573 575 576 577 579 583 JOB TITLE Automobile Mechanics Automobile Mechanic Apprentices Bus Truck Stationary Engine Mechanics Aircraft Engine Mechanics Small Engine Repairers Automobile Body and Related Repairers Aircraft Mechanics Exc Engine Heavy Equipment Mechanics Farm Equipment Mechanics Industrial Machinery Repairers Machinery Maintenance Occupations Electronic Repairers Commun Indust Equip Data Processing Equipment Repairers Household Appliance Power Tool Repairers Telephone Line Installers and Repairers Telephone Installers and Repairers Misc Elec Electronic Equip Repairers Heating Air Cond Refrigeration Mechanics Camera Watch Musical Instrument Repairer Locksmiths and Safe Repairers Office Machine
165. vailable Typing 90 will take the analysis through age 89 and will end on the client s 90 birthday Probabilities of LPE In this field you choose how you want the worklife expectancy calculated in terms of the probabilities of life participation and employment see Chapter 18 for an explanation of these calculations If a box is checked the program will calculate the value of the field For example VALE 2000 ships with all boxes checked except for the past loss Life box This represents a typical analysis for a non death case Since we know that the client is still living we do not wish to calculate the probability of life for the past loss but do want to calculate the probability of life for the future loss If you wish to calculate a full worklife expectancy to the End Age then remove all four checks The program will then calculate the lifetime loss assuming no reduction in worklife expectancy attributable to the probabilities of life participation and employment Earning Capacity Tab Earnings Source This field has three options Other Education and VALE VALE 2000 provides values for the Education national averages and VALE options If you wish to use a dollar from another source such as actual earnings choose the Other option from this list When the box shows the desired earnings source press the TAB key to continue to the next field Chapter6 Data Entry Scenarios Earnings Source Other amp Scenario Smith
166. w providing all the steps needed to complete a given process Italic Type Specialized terms This will be either the name of a book a term used for the first time or a placeholder for items you must specify SMALL CAPITALS Command keys The text identifies the name of a key to press on your keyboard See the Navigation section below Navigation Moving through windows and around a screen or navigation is standardized to a considerable degree for any Windows M software For that reason this manual dedicates minimal attention to those details and assumes user familiarity with the Windows standards Defined below are a few basic terms used throughout the manual 2 Part Context Keyboard Mouse All Introduction Term TAB ENTER Shortcut Keys Click Select Active Control Description Press the TAB key to move forward between controls or hold down the SHIFT key and press TAB to move backward Press the ENTER key to execute the active control If the control is a command button ENTER executes the action associated with the button If the control is a menu item or combination box described in Control Definitions in this chapter ENTER chooses the highlighted selection in the list If the control has no action associated with it ENTER acts like the TAB key and moves to the next control Screen prompts or menu items that have one character underlined such as in the File menu have shortcut key
167. ween the yes and no states Command buttons cause the system to carry out some predefined action such as closing the form printing a report or creating a new case Simply click on the button or press ENTER when the button is the active control Tabs enable one screen to contain multiple pages or parts The sample at the left presents three tabs Case Data Scenarios and Past Loss Each tab has a different set of controls and options for the user to consider You can move to a different tab simply by clicking it Use of option buttons not included in Figure 1 may occur when there is a small finite number of options from which Chapter1 Before You Begin Control Sample Description Name the user must choose one These are similar to radio buttons in that when one is turned on selected the others are turned off Select one of the options by clicking it with your mouse or using the up and down arrows on your keyboard when the option group is active System Help This manual is the primary source of assistance for the VALE 2000 user It contains all of the documentation necessary to understand the user interface and theory behind the system for a forensic expert In addition to the manual the system provides two forms of on line assistance control tips and status bar prompts Figure 2 depicts the two forms Status Bar The status bar at the lower left hand corner of the VALE 2000 screen contains a detailed
168. whom they otherwise might have excluded including those with work disabilities The impact of the 2002 CPS not yet available at time of publication taken during increased unemployment should provide fodder for interesting analyses Not Disabled Disabled Not Sev Years Chg Years Chg Previous Version 28 5 19 8 Update Life Tables 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 Adjust 93 CPS Weights 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 5 Census Error for Seniors 0 1 0 4 0 5 2 5 Extend Probabilities Through 89 0 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 Extend CPS Pooling for 10 Years 0 6 21 11 5 6 Current Version 29 7 4 2 21 5 8 6 Figure 61 Components in Change from Previous Version 25 Year Old Female Life Table Figure 62 presents the life survivors data used to compute the probability of life component of LPE model for worklife expectancy For a detailed description of the computation process see page 121 98 788 98 704 98 605 98 496 98 379 98 254 98 121 97 982 97 842 97 704 97 569 97 435 97 303 97 168 97 030 96 887 96 739 96 585 96 423 96 253 96 074 95 886 95 686 95 473 95 244 From Anderson Robert N and Peter B DeTurk National Vital Statistics Reports vol 50 no 6 United States Life Tables 1999 Hyattsville Maryland National Center for Health Statistics 2002 http www cdc gov nchs data nvsr nvsr50 nvsr50_06 pdf Rates of Participation and Employment Chapter 18 Worklife Probability Calculations Figure 62 Life Survivors Data 94 998 94 733 94 44
169. xpectancy statistics is the probability of life the L of the LPE model As we project the probability that a given person will be employed several years in the future we must weight this by the probability he or she will still be alive To do this we employ the Life Survivors Data from Figure 62 Extracted from the National Center for Health Statistics this table projects the number of persons of each gender still alive at a given age For both genders the starting point was 100 000 live births We can use these values to determine the probability that a person of age x will live to age y For example the probability that a male aged 25 x will live to the age of 70 y is determined by dividing the number of survivors at the age of 70 by the number at the age of 25 or 68 632 97 704 0 702 That is the formula applied to determine the probability of life at age y given a current age of x for each future year is Surv a Surv x P L Thus when computing a worklife statistic for a given age x the above formula is applied for each subsequent age substituting the appropriate number of survivors at age y while holding the number at age x constant This is demonstrated in Figure 59 in the LPE Applied section of this appendix This table is gender not educatiom specific for the United States population as a whole Thus the probabilities of life are not education specific 122 Part iV Reference Parti

VALE 2000 Users` Manual - 2002 update

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