User Manual
Contents
1. USER MANUAL V 35 Ethernet Routers series TAHOE 1800 TAHOE FREEDOM OF COMMUNICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS CZE 1 2 Interfaces aaa 2 3 Configuration and 5 4 Technical data cine AAA 23 5 Declaration of Conformity ie ca pase pa eia eaa 25 eae EO Tahoe 1800 series V 35 Ethernet routers User Manual http www tahoe group com Firmware version 1 2 7 2004 Tahoe All rights reserved Other trademarks of other companies are used only for explanation and to the owner s benefit without intent to infringe Tahoe assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions that may appear in this document Tahoe makes no commitment to update the information contained here and may make changes at any time without notice EEE Eo SS 1 Introduction Tahoe 1800 series V 35 Ethernet routers are available in two versions Tahoe 1801 router contains one V 35 port and one Ethernet port Tahoe 1808 router also contains one V 35 port but instead of a single Ethernet port a managed 8 port VLAN enabled switch is built in Routers are destined for use with HDLC or synchronous PPP point to point connections and Frame Relay networks Router software supports IP ARP TCP UDP and ICMP protocols It is manageable using telnet SNMP or serial console Traffic statistics are available through WWW Router status messages can be sent to a central se2. lt interface name gt shows information about a certain interface An information about interface s IP address number of packets and bytes send and received number of transmission errors and other important data is displayed An IP address may be assigned to an interface together with subnet mask and broadcast address A dynamic ARP may also be enabled or disabled The bridge parameter allows to include or exclude certain protocol from bridging when the router works in the bridge mode 3 3 12 ipchains The command is used to control the firewall and the network address translation NAT called also masquerade that is giving a network an access to the Internet using only one real IP address O ipchains add adds an entry at the end of the list O ipchainsinsert addsan entry atthe beginning ofthe list O ipchains del removes an entry O ipchains ist displays current settings O ipchainsflush removes all entries from the list After the add insert or del option following parameters should be given O s source subnet netmask port range Defines the source addresses which this entry concerns If this parameter is omitted then the entry concerns all source addresses O d destination subnet gt lt netmask gt port range Defines the destination addresses which this entry concerns If this parameter is omitted then the entry concerns all destination addresses O p protocol optional
3. Optionally the application of this rule may be limited to a certain protocol O y optional The rule may be applied to the TCP SYN packets only i e the packets that initiate the TCP connection It allows inhibiting the incoming connections while the returning packets for the outgoing ones will be passed O m IP address By default during the masquerade an outgoing interface s IP address is used The option above allows forcing use of another address accept deny masq information what to do with a packet that conforms to a given rule accept discard masquerade Note The router always chooses the first matching rule from the list So if the more general rule comes first and the more specific is later then the first one will be applied and the last one ignored Thus the specific rule has to be inserted before the general one asin following example ipchains add s 215 16 11 0 24 deny ipchains insert s 215 16 11 5 accept Commands above inhibit the access for the whole 215 16 11 0 24 subnet except the 215 16 11 5 address Note The specific accept rule concerning one IP address has to be inserted before the general one concerning the whole subnet either using the insert command as in the example above or by adding the specific rule first and then the general one Otherwise the router will always apply the first rule and will never reach the second one as the packet coming from 215 16 11 5 fits
4. the parent group e g if the lan network has a domain name option after adding a local subnet within lan the option will be automatically copied it may be modified or deleted later O onthe beginning a network for each interface should be created O in each of the networks an IP subnet should be created according to IP subnets connected to that interface router may not have the routing set up to each of them it s enough that they areinthe same physical network O nowIPranges and static IP entries may be added 3 3 7 3 dhcp on off relay DHCP BOOTP server may work in one of three modes on the server in enabled and answers to the requests off the server is disabled relay the server is disabled but the relay agent is enabled and listens for the requests to be forwarded to other DHCP server 3 3 7 4 dhcp add The dhcp add commands add a network subnet IP range etc Following variants are supported o dhcp add network name Adds a new physical network connected to the router s interface There should be the same number of networks and interfaces The network interface connection will be determined later while adding the IP subnets ssp dhcp add network lan o dhcp add subnet name network lt address gt netmask Adds a net IP subnet to a given network For each IP subnet connected to the LAN or WAN interface an DHCP subnet should be added with the same IP addre
5. to make an exact copy of the configuration 3 3 6 console This command is used to enable or disable password the protection of the serial console By default the console is unprotected and user has full access to the router By entering console passwd on the password requirement is enabled and router will ask for it in the same manner as during the telnet connection To disable password protection type console passwd off 3 3 7 dhcp The dhcp command is used to configure DHCP BOOTP server and relay agent The server is used to assign IP addresses network masks gateway and DNS addresses and other parameters to the network stations It is easy to reconfigure a network that uses a DHCP server it is enough to change server settings and every station will automatically retrieve new configuration The BOOTP protocol is an earlier and simpler version of DHCP Its common use is booting of diskless workstations A workstation uses BOOTP to get its IP address and other network parameters together with TFTP server address from which the operating system may be downloaded The DHCP protocol may deliver more working parameters including domain name DNS address print server syslog server X Window fontserver MTU and TTL settings and many others DHCP BOOTP Relay Agent transfers DHCP and BOOTP requests and replies between separate networks The DHCP and BOOTP protocols work only within one physical subnet The station using s
6. ailable the port parameter should be set to ppp0 O ppp port defroute on O ppp port defroute off the command enables and disables respectively adding of the default route through the PPP interface after the connection is established O ppp port mtu value sets the maximum packet size that the router may send through the PPP interface the final MTU setting depends also on the MRU setting on the remote router O ppp port mru value sets the maximum packet size that the router will accept to receive O ppp port ip local address remote address gt sets the IP addresses used during the PPP connection negotiation ppp port upl command ppp port up2 command ppp port up3 command ppp port up4 command the 1 to up4 options allow execution of up to four commands after the PPP link is established ppp port downi command ppp port down2 command ppp port down3 command ppp port downd command the down1 to down4 options allow execution of up to four commands after the PPP link is broken down O ppp ppp user username sets the username used during the PPP authorization if required by the remote router O ppp port password password sets the password used during the PPP authorization if required by the remote router O ppp port debug on O ppp port debug off enables and di
7. ay signaling ANSIT1 617 Annex A ITU 0 933 Annex D Cisco LMI V 35 interface DB25 M connector external cable with Winchester M 34 connector available data rate upto 2 5 Mbps external clocking Ethernet interface Tahoe 1801 10BaseT RJ45 connector Tahoe 1808 10 100BaseT 8x RJ45 serial console RS 232 9600 bps 8N1 DB9 M connector dimensions 229 mm width x 57 mm height x 152 mm length power supply Tahoe 1801 7 5V 400 mA Tahoe 1808 7 5V 1 2A external power supply included environmental conditions storage temperature 20 C to 65 C humidity 5to 95 operation temperature 0 C to 40 C humidity Oto 85 5 Declaration of Conformity TAHOE Piotr Kaczmarzyk ul Uniwersytecka 1 50 951 Wroclaw Poland We declare that the products Tahoe 1801 and Tahoe 1808 routers comply with the regulations of the following European Directives o 73 23 EEC low voltage safety requirements o 89 336 EEC EMC requirements o 99 5 EEC radio amp telecommunication terminal equipment requirements The compliance of Tahoe 1801 and Tahoe 1808 routers with the requirements of the above mentioned directives is ensured by complete application of the following harmonized European Standards O EN 60950 2000 EN 55022 1998 EN 61000 6 1 2002 O EN 61000 6 3 2002 Signed Piotr Kaczmarzyk Position Director Signature gt gt Date 30 Apr 2004 Place Wroclaw Poland 2004 Tahoe A
8. both of them and if the general one is first then it will be applied More examples ipchains add d 0 0 0 0 0 80 80 p tcp deny Inhibits access to the port 80 on all external servers ipchains add s 192 168 0 0 16 masq Enables masquerade for the 192 168 0 0 16 subnet other addresses are passed unchanged III z 5 y 3 3 13 lang Selects the language used to display messages during the telnet or console connection and on the LCD O langO Polish o lang 1 English 3 3 14 masq The masq command displays a list of masqueraded connections The list consists of source and destination addresses the port assigned by the router the time remaining to the removal of an entry in case of connection inactivity and the amount of remaining free table entries that may be used for new connections Both ports and IP addresses are printed as hexadecimal numbers 3 3 15 mem Mem shows the memory usage statistics The free entry is the most important it shows how much free memory is left 3 3 16 netstat Shows a list of active TCP connections 3 3 17 ping Checks the availability of a device with selected IP address For example ping 10 0 0 2 gives the time necessary to send packet to the 10 0 0 2 station and back or reports its unavailability Press Ctrl C to stop the pinging process 3 3 18 ppp The ppp command sets up the PPP parameters when the WAN link works in the synchronous PPP mode Following options are av
9. bridge The bridge command enables or disables the bridge mode in which two interconnected LANs create one whole in the hardware layer The stations in both LANs behave like if they were connected to one Ethernet switch e g PCs working under Microsoft Windows operating system will see each other in the network neighborhood Three settings are available O off regular TCP IP routing O on bridge enabled but the router is still available under its IP address and thus may be managed remotely L Ll O transparent completely transparent bridge inaccessible under its IP address this mode may be disabled only through the serial console Entering bridge list displays a list of MAC addresses with the name ofthe interface on which certain address was heard Note To make bridging work properly interfaces used in the process have to be indicated To enable bridging on a certain interface enter ifconfig interface name bridge on Note Toenable bridging the Cisco HDLC link protocol should also be selected using serial hdlc command 3 3 4 con The con command erases whole configuration from the EEPROM After rebooting the router it will return to its factory defaults Until the reboot it will continue to run with its current settings which can be saved again using write command 3 3 5 config The config command displays current configuration The command output may be entered on another router
10. d The lt port gt parameter is optional its default value is 67 dhcp add relay 192 168 0 3 3 3 7 5 dhcpdel The command deletes a network subnet address range etc o dhcp del network name o dhcp del subnet lt name gt dhcp del host lt name gt The commands above delete respectively a network an IP subnet or a host a static IP MAC connection with given name o dhcp del relay lt address gt Deletes a DHCP server address used in the Relay Agent mode o dhcp del range start address gt end address gt Deletes an IP address range assigned to the network stations dhcp del option lt name gt value Deletes a global option Besides the option name its value should also be given because some options may have more than one value e g domain name servers routers etc 3 3 7 6 dhcp rename The command changes the name of a network subnet or host o dhcp rename network old name gt new name o dhcp rename subnet old name gt new name O dhcp rename host old name gt new name gt 3 3 7 7 dhcp network subnet host The command adds or deletes an option within a specified group network subnet or host It has two forms eI 1 o dhcp network add option name value dhcp network del option name value instead of network a subnet or host may be given options are described in 4 3 7 4 e g dhcp network add domain name tahoe group com Options are val
11. ding the Frame Relay debugging information through syslog 3 3 10 http The http command configures the built in WWW server It is used to provide an easy way to read router s statistics Server can be enabled or disabled by entering respectively http on or http off Moreover the access to the server may be limited by typing http host IP address Then the server is only reachable from the given IP address To remove the limitation a 0 0 0 0 address should be entered 3 3 11 ifconfig The command allows configuring the network interfaces Following interfaces are available O ethO Ethernet interface O eth0 0 0 1 etc ethO interface aliases one physical interface may support several IP subnets O 0 1 eth0 2 etc VLAN networks LAN networks separated from each other although using the same cabling O eth0 1 0 eth0 1 1 etc VLAN interface aliases O fr1 fr2 etc Frame Relay PVCs the number after fr is the DLCI of a given PVC O pppO PPP interface used when the WAN link works in the PPP mode o hdlcO HDLC interface used when the WAN link works in the Cisco HDLC mode This command has similar syntax as the Linux ifconfig ifconfig interface name lt IP address gt netmask network mask gt bcast broadcast address gt static dynamic bridge 1 on off II 13 The ifconfig alone displays information about the active interfaces Entering ifconfig
12. e multi gt selects the working mode to either single or multi user 0000 3 3 32 ver Displays current firmware version 3 3 33 watchdog The watchdog command gives additional control over the router s unpredicted behavior i e a misconfiguration disabling further communication with the router The router uses the ping command to check the availability of certain IP addresses and reboots if one of them doesn t answer The command has following syntax watchdog on enables the watchdog watchdog off disables the watchdog watchdog lt interval gt lt amount gt lt wait gt lt IP address gt lt additional IP address configures the watchdog After interval seconds the router sends amount of pings to the IP address and the additional IP address if set waiting wait seconds after each of them If there is no answer for any of the pings sent to the first address or for any of the pings sent to the second address then the router is rebooted OOO 3 3 34 write Saves the current configuration to the EEPROM and displays an information about the EEPROM usage If the configuration is to large to be stored some settings should be deleted like static ARP entries DHCP options etc 4 Technical data processor Motorola MC68302 network protocols IP TCP UDP ICMP TFTP SNMP DHCP BOOTP RFC 1490 PPP Frame Relay Cisco HDLC raw HDLC IEEE 802 14 Frame Rel
13. ection is not possible e g there s no telnet client available or the routers IP address is unknown the router may be connected to the PC s serial port using a null modem cable After starting a terminal software e g minicom under Linux operating system Hyperterm under Microsoft Windows user gets the same access as through the telnet connection After pressing Enter the same command prompt appears Tahoe By default the console access isn t password protected but such protection may be enabled later using console password command oe EEO 3 3 Commands 3 3 1 help Entering or help shows a list of available commands 3 3 2 arp The arp command is used to configure the ARP table The arp alone shows the list of connections between IP and hardware MAC addresses Tahoe arp IP address Hardware address 10 0 0 2 00 50 04 0D 70 31 dynamic ARP table entries may be deleted using arp del Tahoe gt arp del 10 0 0 2 the IP address to be deleted should be typed instead of 10 0 0 2 static ARP entry may be added using arp add Tahoe arp add 10 0 0 3 00 50 13 E9 5C 01 The dynamic hardware address resolution may be disabled using the ifconfig command If it is disabled only those stations may connect to the router whose IP and MAC addresses are entered into the ARP table using the arp add command This way an unauthorized network access may be prohibited 3 3 3
14. efault removes default route 3 3 23 serial The command is used to select the V 35 port protocol serial fr Frame Relay serial ppp synchronous PPP serial hdlc Cisco HDLC serial raw raw HDLC without any headers or keepalive packets 3 3 24 snmp The snmp command is used to configure the SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol support It has following syntax O snmp shows current settings Tahoe snmp SNMP on Read community public Write community private SNMP hosti any SNMP host2 disabled SNMP host3 disabled snmp on enables SNMP support snmp off disables SNMP support O snmp rdcomm text sets the read community the password used to read the SNMP parameters O snmp wrcomm text sets the write community the password used to write the SNMP parameters snmp host1 lt address gt o snmp host2 address o snmp host3 address allows setting of up to 3 addresses from which the SNMP access will be permited Entering 0 0 0 0 allows access from any address while 255 255 255 255 disables an entry entering 255 255 255 255 in all three positions is equal to disabling the SNMP service 3 3 25 strictarp The strictarp command helps protecting the LAN against the unauthorized access After enabling the strictarp mode by typing strictarp on and entering the static IP MAC assignments using arp add the router would listen to incoming ARP requ
15. ests asking for the addresses it has in its static table If the request comes from another MAC address than in the router s ARP table it will send an answer with the correct MAC address Such request is sent by the PCs working under the Microsoft Windows operating system during the boot up If the ARP reply from the router comes the PC will show a message that this address is occupied which will make an illegal use of that IP address impossible The strictarp mode may be disabled using strictarp off 3 3 26 syslog The router may send the messages about its status and important events to a syslog server To configure syslog logging following commands may be used O syslog on enables logging O syslog off disables logging O syslog host IP address sets the IP address to which the messages will be sent 3 3 27 telnet The command allows limiting the telnet access to the router The access may be enabled or disabled by entering telnet on or telnet off respectively Moreover the access may be limited to a certain IP address telnet host IP address If the IP address is set as 0 0 0 0 then the access is possible from anywhere in the network 3 3 28 tftp The command configures the TFTP server used for the firmware upgrade Three options are possible O tftpon enablesthe TFTP server O tftp off disablesthe TFTP server O tftp host IP address if the server is enabled the access to i
16. ettings are 9600 bps 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity no handshaking Pin Description 1 DCD carrier detect transmission readiness signaling 2 RXD data received from the PC 3 TXD data sent by the router to the PC 4 DTR active when the PC is switched on 5 GND signal ground 6 DSR active when the router is switched on 7 RTS used by the PC to inform that is has data to send 8 CTS used by the router to permit data transmission 9 RI ring indicator signal used in telephone modems After connecting the console to the PC and running a terminal software user has the same access to the router functions as through a telnet connection see chapter 3 3 Configuration and management Sw 3 1 Telnet connection To connect to the router the network interface in your PC has to be in the same IP subnet as the router By default the router s Ethernet interface is set to 10 0 0 1 address and 255 0 0 0 netmask so the PC may have IP address set to 10 0 0 2 and the same netmask If the router was already configured and the routing table is correctly set up a telnet connection to its IP address is possible from anywhere in the network After connecting a password prompt will appear User Access Verification Password The default password is Tahoe case sensitive If the password entered is correct acommand prompt will appear Tahoe gt Sera 3 2 Serial console If the telnet conn
17. id only for a given network subnet or host Moreover two other parameters can be set o dhcp network default lease time value Sets the time in second for which the IP address is assigned to the station After that time the station must inform the DHCP server that it still uses that address Otherwise the address will be considered as unused This timeout prevents blocking an IP address when a station is switched off without releasing that address o dhcp network max lease time value A station may request other lease time the negotiated time may not be higher than this setting 3 3 7 8 dhcp default lease time value dhcp max lease time value These commands are similar to those described in the previous paragraph but their meaning is global 3 3 8 exit quit The command closes the configuration session and disconnects from the router 3 3 9 fr A group of commands used to configure the Frame Relay protocol parameters Following options are available o fr ansi q933a cisco selects the LMI signaling ANSI T1 617 Annex D ITU Q 933 Annex A or Cisco LMI O fr t391 value sets the T391 parameter i e the number of failed retries during the communication through the LMI after D which the connection is considered as unusable O fr n391 value sets the N391 parameter i e the time between subsequent LMI retries O fr debug 1 on off enables and disables sen
18. ll rights reserved Other trademarks of other companies are used only for explanation and to the owner s benefit without intent to infringe Tahoe assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions that may appear in this document Tahoe makes no commitment to update the information contained here and may make changes at any time without notice TAHOE Uniwersytecka 1 50951 Wroc aw Poland phone 48 50 100 7362 fax 48 71 344 2642 http www tahoe group com
19. rver using syslog protocol One network interface may support more than one IP subnetwork thanks to interface aliases eth0 0 eth0 1 etc and VLAN interfaces eth0 1 eth0 2 etc Router may also work as a bridge in this mode both interconnected networks create one whole on the hardware level e g computers with Microsoft Windows operating system will see each other in the network neighborhood A built in DHCP BOOTP server allows assigning of IP addresses network mask router addresses and other parameters to the network stations DHCP BOOTP Relay Agent listens for DHCP and BOOTP requests and forwards them to a central server Routers support Network Address Translation i e make it possible for a whole network to access Internet using only one real IP address Additional firewall improves the network security by blocking unwanted traffic basing on IP addresses TCP or UDP ports and protocols appearing in the received packets The system firmware is stored in the Flash memory it is possible to update it using the TFTP protocol The configuration is stored in the EEPROM memory eI oO 2 Interfaces 2 1 v 35 The V 35 interface is equipped with DB 25 connector A V 35 cable terminated with 34 pin male DTE Winchester connector should be connected here so the router could be connected to a DCE device like a V 35 modem 2 2 Ethernet The Ethernet interface is used to connect the router to the Local Area Net
20. sables respectively the syslog debugging of the PPP link OOOO 0000 3 3 19 prompt The default Tahoe gt prompt may be changed to help identifying the router Enter prompt new prompt gt to change the default 3 3 20 ps Show the processes list 3 3 21 reboot Reboots the router All unsaved changes to the configuration will be lost 3 3 22 route The route command is similar to analogous Linux command It is used to configure the IP routing The route alone shows the current routing table It may be modified using following commands O route add address interface adds the route to a specific host directly through the interface the station with this address has to be in the network directly connected to that interface o route add address gw gateway adds the route to a specific host through a gateway O route add net address netmask network mask interface adds the route to a subnet with given address and network mask directly through a specified interface O route add net address netmask network mask gw gateway adds the route to a subnet with given address and network mask through a specified gateway route add default gw address adds the default route through a given gateway O route del address removes route to an IP address given O route del net lt address gt netmask network mask removes route to a subnet specified O routedel d
21. sses as configured on each of the interfaces Moreover additional IP subnets may be added those which are not set up on any of the interfaces but do exist in the same physical network or behind a DHCP relay dhcp add subnet local lan 10 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 o dhcp add host name MAC address IP address Adds a static connection between hardware MAC and IP addresses The IP address must belong to one of the configured subnets Only this IP address will be assigned to the given MAC address dhcp add host server 00 50 13 2e 15 ca 10 0 0 5 o dhcp add range start address end address Adds an IP address range from which addresses will be assigned tothe network stations The address range must be contained inside one ofthe subnets dhcp add range 10 0 0 5 10 0 0 37 o dhcp add option option value Adds a global DHCP option sent to the requesting station Available options are routers network gateways usually the gateways should be separate for each subnet so they shouldn t be defined globally domain name domain name domain name servers DNS addresses filename name of the file containing the operating system next server server from which the mentioned above file will be downloaded using TFTP dhcp add option domain name tahoe group com o dhcp add relay lt address gt lt port gt Adds a DHCP server address to which the DHCP requests are forwarded when the Relay Agent mode is enable
22. t may be limited to a certain IP address If this address is set to 0 0 0 0 then the access isn t limited 3 3 29 timeout The command sets the inactivity time in seconds after which the telnet connection is closed It has following syntax timeout during the session lt during logging in The first parameter is used after the logging in and the second one optional during the log in Entering 0 disables the timer These settings are also applied to the serial console if its access is password protected using the console passwd on command 3 3 30 uptime w Showsthe time elapsed since the router booting 3 3 31 user The user command is used to manage users having access to the router The router may work in two different modes O single user only the password is necessary to access the router The user that logs in has the full access to the device o multiple users allows creating many users with different names passwords and access levels The user command has following syntax user list shows the user list user add name adds a new user user del lt name gt removes an user user passwd name password changes the user s password user level name access level changes the user s access level The access level parameter may be one of admin full access to the device u read only permits only reading of the configuration and the statistics O user mode lt singl
23. uch protocols doesn t know its IP address yet so its packets cannot be routed to other networks Relay Agent listens for such requests and forwards them to a DHCP server which may be placed anywhere in the network 3 3 7 1 Review of the settings Entering dhcp alone displays current server settings Here is an example Tahoe dhcp DHCP BOOTP server default lease time 43200 max lease time 86400 network lan eth0 default lease time 43200 max lease time 86400 domain name tahoe pl subnet local 10 0 0 0 255 255 255 0 default lease time 43200 max lease time 86400 filename vmlinuz 2 2 19 next server 192 168 0 5 routers 10 0 0 1 domain name servers 192 168 0 4 domain name tahoe pl address ranges 10 0 0 3 10 0 0 15 relay server 192 168 0 5 67 3 3 7 2 Basic DHCP server configuration rules Before starting using DHCP server please read following guidelines O the configuration is organized in a hierarchical manner the most general group of settings is network the physical network connected to the router Any number of IP subnets may exist within a network Inside an IP subnet an IP address range may be selected these addresses will be dynamically assigned to the network stations A static connection between an IP address and a hardware address may also be set Each group network subnet has its own options Creating a new group e g a subnet within a network causes copying of the options from
24. work In case of Tahoe 1801 router it is a single RJ 45 connector with four LEDs O LNK LAN Link signals a proper connection to the LAN O COL Collision signals an attempt to transmit to the LAN while another device also sends data LRX LAN Receive flashes when data is received from the LAN O LTX LAN Transmit flashes when data is transmitted to the LAN A router should be connected to an Ethernet switch or a hub using a straight patch cord or to a PC another router or an uplink port in a switch using a crossed over one After connecting a LED named LAN Link should be lit In case of Tahoe 1808 router an 8 port switch is available instead of a single Ethernet interface Each switch port has three LEDs associated to it 10 100Mbps when lit signals a 100Mbps connection O LINK ACTIVITY when lit signals a proper connection to the other device flashes while transmitting or receiving data O DUPLEX COLLISION when lit signals a full duplex connection flashes when a collision occurs in a half duplex connection The switch can be managed through a telnet or console connection It supports VLAN tagging and automatically detects a crossed over cable so called MDIX function 2 3 Serial console The RS 232 serial console is used for router management It has a DB9 M connector and works as a DTE i e a null modem cable should be used to connect it to a PC Three lines bolded are sufficient Terminal eI oO s
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