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July 1984

1. Sep Y TEE uz ep qup EB LI 4 a m A p EL Me m rr 1 EE Bec ES EZ iW NA i El ma be to gt Ji Po mls 1 ap SP i li fe mi or uw Wi yi S Ln C pri iai l 7 Uu pe mE jor SO pex Us al mi k il ee dl RN 9 P T ii iv vL ue Wu ER T opal mm Vau I T e m it d T T A m 0 isi T un h fs E TPUG magazine page 45 ABRAXAS SOFTWARE AUSTRALIA INTRODUCES The Video Management System FOR THE CBM 8000 SERIES COMPUTERS The FILM file has for each film title 1 Film number 2 Film title Category 4 Number of times hired this month 5 Number of times hired in total The TRANSACTION file has for each entry 1 Membership number 2 Transaction date debit credit for hire with cash paid account payment invoice or credit note It 4 Transaction 3SYSTEM INCLU DES MANUAL DISK RUN TIME KEY amp SYTEM EPROM CHIP The Video Management System Menu ans
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3. iis 1 L 4 En AM WT A CL i 11 fig 5 TPUG magazine page 85 performance I you don t know what these terms represent please don t attempt to align your disk drive this waveform is generated a pattern that is recorded in an eliptical shape on an alignment diskette only Disk drive alignment is no easy task so it is well left to persons that are knowledgeable in disk drive alignment procedures as well as having the proper test equipment and alignment diskettes Should you be using diskettes that are used in both the 1540 1541 and 2040 4040 format you should bulk erase or erase with a DC magnet a large speaker magnet works fine the surface of your diskettes before formatting in either drive If you consider the spacing of data on the two formats refer to fig s 1 6 and consider as well the idea of having a 1540 1541 formatted diskette with a few files stored on its surface then erase these files all you actually do is change the directory file tvpe byte This leaves all the file data on the diskette surface This is whv the two formats are not truly read write compatible In most cases the two formats will read the other diskettes but for reliable use writing on the other format is not a good practice Requirements of diskettes for the 8050 and 8250 disk drives should be given the same considerations as the 404
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5. Complete Audit Trail Up to 50 Employees on 1 Data Disk SCS VICPAY Calculates amp Displays Skeena Computer Services Ltd Gross Pay Deductions Box 437 KITIMAT BC V8C 2R9 604 632 4212 and Net Pay 24 95 Advertisers Index Academy 21 6 assi Ige Aurora Software 33 Bradley Brothers Bulletin 62 Beacon Software 30 Bent Computer Associates 30 This space is limited to TPUG member wanted or for sale Besco Products 6352 93 4 29 9 e ER 3 9 dore op Se 18 isse on Book Company 62 y Brantford Educational Services 17 Space cost is 25 cents per word NO DEALER ADS ACCEPTED dn Users Group 8 4 I have one Silicon Oftice Data Base Program for the Com INCIP CEDE MEME DN modore 8096 with the Commodore D9090 hard disk drive ompu Simple 8 2 ed PE 53 900 00 U S or best offer Larry Rood Gryphon House Creative Computer Systems 14 P O Box 275 Mount Rainier MD 20712 USA tel 301 779 6200 For Sale 2001 4040 4022 8010 D Software and 16 Friendly 14 P
6. lflenctzr icct cnttcncoB thenzrof z zpkBiocto313 istr 1 5 aero Screed iTlentzr sczctthenzr zzpgd iflenzzrctoilctthenzr sz 1flentznotoiccotthenzrf zrbf U x U pacckos 18 rectam n apepnd di prmirctsfd zrE cicloezed returmr epend d encirtHd iclozed irbeturn 0E ZO Uy LA d Do e o De Y uu Wu continued on next page page 42 TPUG magazine ra 1 LU LI QE MCI 1i CC a rem EHZICUODE TEBRHHSLRTOE en Tor CONM DCIRE amp 4 rer Ef thiz Program will en uris on ame other Us L e 1 T JN t EA tal y mulla Pop m n gp 55 p lla LE UNE Fen ce En Eat I dat p alls kN rem this version 198 mse AA sasuke 1 ae Pr Lerche goru erint Hoo 5 HOBEYSCORFE BAS printr ifeeeki giro daD then listi ga Are Tariz itoo iprirttiret ou choose from Peint iprint spririt i pof Print The LOAD programs print prirt 2 Hreint The SAVE programme setup erintiierint SS prar priptiperintziinput Your choice ln a uoto 2a eI ma 5X NE T m
7. 120 PRINT N Print it this could be to any device This statement allows you to take in a line of data without having to GET the first character and concatenate it with the next character until is complete Jim says that users of BASIC 2 0 the C 64 VIC 20 and older PET CBM machines will not run into problems with garbage collecting if they use INPUT rather than GET routines Jim also noted that this 1s only the start to a complete input routine After a presentation on the final arrangements for the May conference and some other reminders Mike Bonnycastle introduced Harry Likas a computer composer and musi cian from Waveform Corporation who demonstrated an amazing series of programs called MusiCalc I II and plus a three octave keyboard for attachment to the C 64 Harry was responsible for composing all of the pre sets the digitized music of MusiCalc I as well as the rock new wave and Latin templates of MusiCalc and III Using the MusiCalc system Harry demonstrated song playback edit ing and modification filtering and various keyboard modes using the C 64 keyboard You can even choose to play Blues Arabian or Egyptian scales You can design save play back and print in notation your own musical compo sitions Another MusiCalc feature was described no fault music since MusiCalc will let you play the C 64 and it will adjust your note selection to mesh with the tempo pitch etc
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9. Key Binary Sequential aaa 0 34 0 03 faa 0 03 6 33 0 31 12 73 you can see a sequential search is only fast if the item you are looking for 15 near the beginning of the table The binary search on the other hand will find any item in the table in less than a third of a second In the sequential search when the table is in ascending order the search argument K is compared to each table item from 1 to 1000 If a match is found then P is set to the subscript of the table item and the routine returns back to the main program When a value in the table is found to be greater than the search argument P is set to ZERO to indicate a not found condition The reason for this is that subsequent values will all be greater since the table is sorted in ascending sequence For the binary search the table must be in ascending sequence smallest first or descending sequence largest first In listing 1 the table is assumed to be in ascending sequence Ihe search argument is first compared to the middle item in the table Depending on whether it is greater than or less than that item it can be determined that the search argu ment belongs in either the upper or lower half of the table That half of the table 1s then treated as if it were the whole table and the process 15 continued Since the number of items which must be searched is reduced by one half each ume a match or no match is found very quickly In a table of 1000 ite
10. t has been said that computers can help even the most severely disabled person but this promise cannot be wholly fulfilled today we must wait for an evolution in computer equipment With help from other computer users disabled individuals can make use of personal computers now By so doing they may be able to contribute to the development of new technology that will better suit their needs TASH Technical Aids and Systems for the Handicapped Inc is a non profit Canadian company that has been mak ing available the special equipment that is necded by physi cally handicapped computer users The Rehabilitation Tech nologv Unit RTU of the National Research Council of Canada supports TASH through product engineering and development work Ideas for new products have come from disabled computer users from teachers and clinical work ers and concerned individuals Now that a number of TASH devices be used with Commodore computers it is hoped that other people may be encouraged to use them and contribute to the evolution of more accessible computers The keyboard is the standard user interface for all personal computers Almost without exception any software package requires use of the keys at some point soit is not surprising that physicallv disabled people are prevented from using computers because they can t fully control the keyboard Here are the ways that keyboards are being adapted or bypassed in order to meet their ne
11. ulations I have seen By polished I mean that it has taken the best of the graphics routines and combined them with the most imaginative and innova tive sound effects This has resulted in a well thought out very impressive game The game powers up with the usual title card and soon prompts you to mput the numberof plavers 1104 You are then asked which of 3 levels of diffi culty you wish to play at Next the program wants to know which of 6 dif ferent courses you wish to race on The only course names that I recognized were LeMans and Monaco but I con ess to be largely ignorant and totally uninterested 1n motor racing Finallv you are asked hou manv laps you wish the race to consist of Having made all your choices the rac ing begins Your car appears on the starting line and you use the joystick in the normal way to steer accelerate or brake separate graphic on the screen gives an overview of the course You can see a small dot moving about this little course as you re driving that continued overleaf TPUG magazine page 49 nes games games games games games gai little dot is vou This helps you to plan your driving strategy as well as letting you know how far you have to go to get to the pits And here we get to that twist I men tioned before While racing around the course you will overtake other cars on the course These cars have a strange
12. INPUT PRINT GET Device Numbers Secondary Addresses Tape Disk and Printer files page 82 TPUG magazine 4 Aug 23rd Disk Operations Sequential Files Disk Commands ie Format Rename etc Directory Use Relative Files 5 Sept 6th Strings and Logic Logical Operators Subroutines String Manipulation LEFT MID RIGHTS CHR ASC STR VAL LEN TPUG CAPTAIN COMAL STRIKES BACK THE CAPTAIN RECOMMENDS COMAL TODAY NEWSLETTER Sample Copy S2 Subscription 6 issues 14 95 COMAL TODAY DISKS Individual Disk 14 95 Subscription 6 disks 559 90 COMAL HANDBOOK Reference Book 334 pages 518 95 Book and Disk with programs from book 39 90 FOUNDATIONS IN COMPUTER STUDIES WITH COMAL Tutorial Text 313 pages 19 95 Book and Disk with programs from book 39 90 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING WITH COMAL Tutorial Text 266 pages 524 95 Book and Disk with programs from book 39 90 COMAL Tutoria Text 533 pages 19 95 Book and Disk with programs from book 39 90 CAPTAIN COMAL GETS ORGANIZED Applications Tutorial 102 pages Book and Disk package 19 95 STARTING WITH COMAL Tutorial Text 18 95 due in stock June 1984 All items stocked for quick delivery All Disks are 1541 4040 Format Send check or Money Order In US Dollars plus 2 shipplng nandllng per book to COMAL USERS GROUP U S A
13. for TPUG membership offices 6502 Assembly Language Sheridan College is hosting two two day workshops on 6502 Assembly Language Programming for the PET Apple and Atari computers Participants will study the conceptual foundations of machine language program ming learn the most useful commands in the 6502 instruction set and write working assembly language subroutines and programs All computer time and man uals are provided for this intensive two day course The only prerequisite is an elementary knowledge ol BASIC programming The two workshops will be held at the Brampton Cam pus on Aug 27 28 and again on Sept 8 9 1954 The fee is 165 00 for the two days including lunch Further information and reservations may be obtained by call ing Sheridan College Conference Centre at 845 9450 823 0730 or 632 7081 ext 336 Sheridan College 845 0430 TPUG magazine page 39 RAMDISK 64 RAMDISK G4 is a cartridge containing 64K bytes of RAM used to emulate a disk drive No more long waits for program saves and loads Lise Ramdisk 64 as a second disk drive Dr use the 64K bytes as extra memory for large and data intensive software FEATURES e 64 kbytes of dynamic RAM includes software to emulate a disk drive Loads 8 kbyte program in less than 1 second e Does not use COMMODORE 64 RAM space Systemreset does noterase files in RAMDISK 64 Small size only 3 x5 5 x0 5 e Us
14. Do NOT attempt to LOAD this file BL 4 FT PRG CL DATA machine language program that 15 LOA Ded and used by BOOT DOS 5 2 COCKROACH ID C LOAD as follows LOAD COCKROACH ID C 8 BL 6 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program will copy the entire contents of one 1541 diskette to another using one 154 disk drive Just follow the instructions that the program gives you and you should have no troubles Note Just to be safe put a write protect sticker over the notch of your ORIGINAL diskette COCKROACH I C LOAD as follows LOAD COCKROACH 1 C 8 BL 6 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program will copy the entire contents of one 1541 diskette to another using one 1541 disk drive Just follow the instructions that the program gives you and you should have no troubles Note Just to be safe put a write protect sticker over the notch of your ORIGINAL diskette COCKROACH 2D C LOAD as follows LOAD COCKROACH 2D C 8 L PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 2 1541 disk drives This program will copy the entire contents of one 1541 diskette to another using two 1541 disk drives Just follow the instruc tions that the program gives you and you should have no troubles Note Just to be safe put a write protect sticker over the notch of your ORIGINAL diskette COCKROACH E C LOAD as follows LOAD COCKROACH 8 BL
15. Plotters 59 Bar Codes Enlarged Characters Local Networking High Performance Serial And Line Printers page 52 TPUG magazine Mannesmann Tally Corp has an international reputation for designing and manufacturing thehighest quality printers Reliable j hard wearing printers designed for maximum efficiency and versatility From the Spirit micro printer at 499 00 to the MT 660 line printer at 12 000 Mannesmann Tally offers the most extensive range of models all priced aggressively Mannesmann Tally makes a great impression Available at computer dealers in your area Mannesmann Tally Corporation 703 Petrolia Rd Downsview Ontario M3J 2N6 416 661 9783 Telex 06 522 873 MANNESMANN TALLY 4 ARE NN S K COMSPEC 866 Wilson Ave Downsview 633 5605 FOR COMMODORE 64 e Analyze disk tracks for data amp errors HARDWARE e Skip empty tracks to speed copying e SOFTWARE e Copy everything SERVICE e BOOKS e Fast reliable copying with 1 or 2 drives 39 95 plus 3 shipping Mastercard and Visa C commodore C 64 ULTRA RESET SWITCH Off the Shelf Delivery e Built into new 6 foot disk drive cable e Nothing to solder no connections Trade Ins Accepted e Eliminate voltage spikes amp switch wear 16 95 plus 3 shipping Mastercard and Visa ULTRABYTE Call 313 562 9855 C 64 COMPUTER 348 23400 Michigan Suite 502 Dearborn MI 48124 WIC
16. 4 regit WERU pg c e EEFT TTS t Fate DRAA iHa CMLL Y en Lp uc a Ome YUMCE OTHE T yowga D aic qa ER gp cg pne e CU LT EGIT degno t reg OT eguo uar egere ld kg 51 1 Ep 14 1 bob LP RE Iu Mx El Bla T T Cr Ligure M4 pos E oggi t pit Tl LH CE A Tom go gigni c4 gn TRS ES LU e Ioue T ga Ce CD Ere cerent T Cop p 281 F J L UL tope SC pC pe Dog UT Seep yl unap 2 3 tad RATA 41 i d I PN 1 ayer TT pure LN FE Er Ii Ft EI mt 11 E 4 4 Fc eA 1 tg 31 4754 E a CL Li 1811 oT pu HIS athe Bt de Lp mc 2 mt 1 r Zu J LiT eng U 11 gc im ia uj usi 1 p t og au 5 pue E 41 AJER T UL perm a DC gp MADE AES COPIAR E HT MH o gie Te ung CU wee Og T pe ls Apa E LR D gie axe rac Sp Cama toy Cue mpm Zug t Cy SS T cfe gren 4 C T 715 daga Ebi SPS OSS eig t ipee tn ET Ud LET apice Pores T 1 na Lo EPEK 4 8 F t LE
17. 5 4 C C 64 V VIC 20 S SuperPET none G General B Beginner I Intermediate A Advanced Expertise Machine Level G E DO GOT Oe gt gt magazine page 3 Publisher Chris Bennett magazine Editor David Williams Assistant Editor Production Mgr Sandra Waugh Advertising Manager Diane M Hoffmann 416 782 1861 Production Assistants Astrid Kumas Marya Miller Monica Bodirsky Graphic Design Leslie Smart and Associates Toronto Ont Printing Carswell Printing Company Toronto Ont Cover Photo Roberto Portolese Studio Toronto Ont TPUG Magazine is published 10 times a year by TPUG Inc rigbts reserved No material may be reprinted without written permission TPUG yearly memberships Regular member attend meetings 30 00 Cdn Student member full time attends meetings 20 00 Cdn Associate Canada 20 00 Cdn Associate Overseas sea mail 30 00 U S Associate Overseas air mail 40 00 U S TPUG Inc 1912 A Avenue Rd Ste 1 Toronto Ont M5M 4A Telephone numbers Business Office 416 782 8900 416 782 9252 Magazine Office 416 782 1861 VIC 20 Commodore 64 and SuperPET are trademarks of Commo dore Electronics Ltd PET is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines In
18. Ci oe di ae Oro USE ni Request for Information amp Library Listing Please send me the most recent information package s as checked below Commodore 64 ___ VIC 20 Name Street Address City Town P O Province State Postal ZIP Code PET SuperPET page 6 TPUG magazine C 64 MEETING April 1984 Ian A Wright Toronto Ont The April meeting of the C 64 group got underway at 7 45 and bv that time the cafetorium of York Mills Collegiate was standing room only Louise Redgers the chairperson asked Gord Campbell to report on the May conference After presenting a summary of the highlights Gord asked registrants for a quick show of hands We saw that over half those members at the meeting had already registered and others were in the process of filling out the forms as they sat in the audience Louise presented Laurie Fountain of Commodore fresh from a presentation at ECOO last week who gave a lively demonstration of many features of Commodore s LOGO Starting with an exploratory journey into simple turtle commands like FD 100 foreward 100 screen units and RT 90 turn right 90 degrees we were rapidly carried into recursion and procedure Things like the total turtle trip theorem were explained using simple demos that showed the ease of programming in LOGO The tttt states that in order to complete a route and return to the same place facing the original directi
19. LIMITED 5501 Groveland Ter Madison WI 53716 phone 608 222 4432 TRADEMARKS Commodore 64 of Commodore Electronics Ltd Captain COMAL of COM AL Users Group USA Ltd ATTENTION PROGRAMMERS THE 73 law i Er hi 3 F P Ss A WA HA He Ie i i F f Jj boy 1 TR A Nin mt a A DIVISION OF PAHNKE amp DUFFY INTERNATIONAL INC IS LOOKING FOR NEW AND INNOVATIVE SOFT WARE FOR THE COMMODORE 64 IF YOU HAVE AN INTERESTING GAME OR USE FUL PROGRAM NEAR COMPLETION COME TO US WELL HELP TO PUT ON THE FINISHING TOUCHES PACKAGE ADVERTISE AND DIS TRIBUTE YOUR HARD WORK WHETHER IT IS A NEW GAME USEFUL UTILITY OR A BUSI NESS APPLICATION YOU DO WHAT YOU DO BEST PROGRAM MING WE DO WHAT WE DO BEST GETTING YOUR PROGRAM ON THE MARKET SELLING FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL US AT 416 233 2259 ASK FOR DEAN BROWN CANADIAN MANAGER THE SOFTWARE LAB 5170 DUNDAS STREET WEST ISLINGTON ONTARIO M9A 1 4 Educational Software For Today s Child Commodore COMPUTER Approved and evaluated by educators AURORA aur TWARE P O Box 1394 Haileybury Ontario POJ 1KO 705 672 5517 Exclusive Distributor Of The Commodore Educational Software Package The Ontario Software Educational Project Aurora s Own Six Pack A Canadian Company Distributing Canadian Produced Software TPUG magazine page
20. TPUG magazine page 23 THE BEGINNER AND THE DISK Part II Or Things Mother Commodore Never Told You David A Hook Darrie ON Herewith the second installment of a series devoted to the clementary aspects ol dealing with a disk drive Because ol the popularity of the Commodore 64 the focus will be on the 1541 serial drive but be including references to the PET CBM parallel IEEE 488 disk drives as well Unlike the biblical commandments the ten mentioned last issue care and feeding of diskettes are not complete couple more came to mind so like to add these to the 1151 11 Never turn off or on the power to the disk drive when there is a diskette inside with the door closed Although my physics training is too far back to explain the theory it s enough to know that there can be a dandy change to the magnetic field when the current changes When the door is locked down the magnetic head is in direct contact with the diskette surface A sudden change in the magnetic field could cause some pretty nasty signals to get written onto vour precious diskette Some have said that the risk 15 higher when you power up In any case open the drive door and have a peek before power up or shut down I ve been lucky but a friend of mine has lost data on three disks that way Since my 4040 dual disk drive seems to have grounding problem I ve got into the habit of opening the drive door and leaving it that way ex
21. The letter which savs something like This letter has brought good luck to thousands Follow these instructions and it will bring luck to you Bundle up your cat and mail it to the name at the top of the list Now make four copies of this letter Cross out the name at the top and put your own name the bottom of the list Within six weeks you will recetve 65 536 cats Do not break the chain one man did and got his own cat back uar Ook within six weeks you wul receive 65 536 cats Regular chain letters are bad news They are usually an attempt to exploit the reader most of the time only the names near the top of the list will ever receive any goodies But I thought maybe this might constitute a valid way fora user to disseminate programs make a little money from it I wrote a set of eighteen programs nine were recreational in nature and nine were serious In each program I puta notice If you copy this program send 25 to the following address l passed the programs out to numerous user groups telling them that the 25 message didn t apply to the groups themselves Here s what I had in mind as programs got passed around few dozen or hundred quarters would make their way back to the programmer Not big money but it would sign that the program was still moving around and being used by people I did this in the winter of 1977 It was intended as an experiment to see what hap
22. These programs drill the children in the basics of English and math but the proce dure is apparently so much fun that the children hardly even notice that they are doing work they once found dis tressing and difficult had children begging to do math on the computer says Brown not quite able to keep a hint of awe from her voice On Bank Street Writer Brown says Ive had children who have never voluntarily written a story on their own actually ask to write one She attributes this in part to the pleasure that slow learners and learning disabled children derive in seeing a neatly finished prod uct on screen or printed out on the dot matrix printer Some of these children have real difficulty in producing a finished piece of work by hand It s a great incentive and really boosts their confidence to see the finished result from a printer She finds both Typing Tutor and Bank Street Writer particularly helpful to children with poor motor control and spelling difficulties Games are also very popular with the children though Brown admits she has had parents ask Why are they playing these games Once she explains however she meets with no further resistance The game cartridges are good for quick thinking and decision making left and right up and down directionality all the modality training as well as concentration Some of thefavourites include Pizza Lemonade Stand and Bristles I watched several runs
23. ing high resolution and 3D graphics The VIC 20 is a very powerful and fast computer that s about as user friendly as 18 possible in the VIC 20 and C 64 price range The VIC 20 s simplicity is a virtue in itself But getting back to our speed problem you don t have to be a crack machine language programmer to create your own games on either machine VIC 20 users with their subcompact memory svstems learn many BASIC program ming tricks With the limited RAM they re forced to be both creative and concise their thinking or else face the dreaded out of memory syn drome So C 64 users should take a good look at some of the better BASIC VIC 20 programs They just might find something that will have their aliens going into hyperspace If all else fails there 15 machine lan guage which is certainly notas easy to learn as BASIC but just as worthwhile It would be interesting in a year or so to find out what percentage of C 64 owners have attempted to learn ML and compare it with the percentage of VIC 20 users I have a strong hunch that the C 64 s will win I recently converted several of TPUG s library games to the C 64 and some of own VIC 20 creations as well In some like Slither 5 Slither Circus on the VIC 20 and Slither Duel Snake for the VIC 20 I had to write some machine language subroutines for reading the Joysticks and sound effects the original games were entirely in BASIC It was theonly
24. of the background template Harry even played melody with his elbow The program is available from Waveform 1912 Bonita Way Berkley California CA 94704 MusiCalc I is available now for 74 95 U S and the extensions MusiCalc II and III are around 50 00 U S The keyboard is expected to be available this summer for between 250 300 U S there 1s no availability date for a Canadian version as yet Tom Hutchison an Etobicoke teacher presented three of programs that he has written to make using Waterloo BASIC a little easier for his students Structured languages need to follow special formats and Tom s utility programs allow the student to check his her work before running it There are two identical versions of the utilitv program that load at different addresses depending on the PET networking system or whether other aids are the machine These utilities be loaded on top of existing WatBASIC programs without overwriting them and they have com plete internal documentation The other program Tom demonstrated was a true merge that does the merge in memory You can write a program call in your favourite subroutines from disk or tape and merge them into the middle of the program which was renumbered by Tom s utility The same utility will then automatically indent and even check your program for syntax errors The last presenter was Jim McLaughlin of Etobicoke a student at Thistletown
25. remove the disk first and that will get rid of the error It s not too helpful in finding out the cause and is definitely not recom mended when there could be some unCLOSEd files You need a BASIC program to get the error message back My suggestion is that you type this little segment in as the first part of any program that will involve disk handling That way it will always be there to use Since your pro gram will have to include disk error checking anyway why not have it for debugging purposes I have used high line numbers so it can be appended as a subroutine COMvoice 62998 END 62999 REM DISK ERROR CHECK 63000 CLOSE 15 OPEN 15 8 15 63010 INPUT 15 El E2 E4 63020 IF El 0 THEN 63040 63030 PRINT EI E2 E4 63040 CLOSE 15 63050 RETURN Anytime you want to query the disk just enter GOSUB 63000 in immediate mode is fine and any errors will be reported If you want to see the OK message printed too just delete line 63020 See you next issue as we continue to look at disk commands Any suggestions for topics to emphasize will be most welcome I want to make this series as useful as possible so please let me know Send correspondence via the Editor TPUG World s Worst Computer Pun Dept 1 Have you heard about the nanocomputer that was so small it didn t use BOOTS it used BOOTIES 2 If a dealer were to export chips to Russia would this be called PARTING
26. there is still the fact that it is another language If you ve only ever programmed in BASIC it will take quite a bit of work getting used to FORTH s way of doing things For example FORTH uses reverse polish notation This system used on some calculators adds three and five by hav ing you enter 35 rather than 3 5 In general the arguments for opera tions precede the word There are no line numbers in FORTH like Pascal itis a structured language This way of programming demands a different kind of thinking than the free linear method you may use in BASIC These differences although not insurmount able should be considered before tack ling FORTH Performance Micro s FORTH is the version of FORTH which according to a spokesman for the company will soon be marketed by Commodore as Commodore FORTH While not a course in FORTH the included man ual documents very well the features of the language I found it hard to learn the basic concepts of FORTH out of the manual but later as a refer ence guide it was excellent Anyone considering a switch to FORTH should first pick up a copy of Leo Brodie s Starting Forth an extremely simple and fun introduction to the language continued on next page page 22 TPUG magazine In summary FORTH 1s a good lan guage if you need easy access to the C 64 s graphic functions if you need extra speed in your programs or if you re just looking for a new fun l
27. way of preventing you from passing them they bump into you Every bump takes its toll on your tires Even tually your tires will go through a series of colour changes indicating that they are worn out and must be replaced Hitting the side walls of the course will cause tire wear as well At a cer tain point on the course you may enter the pits for tire replacement and refuelling When you enter the pits the screen display becomes that of a race car in the pits surrounded by members of the pit crew Using the joystick you must manipulate each crew member in changing tires and refuelling your car While you re doing this you see the race continuing in the background a nice touch of realism And speak ing of realism the sound effects on this game are quite good You even hear your car go through the gears as you accelerate and decelerate around the course After completing all the work neces sary 1n the pits vou appear back out on the track and continue on with the race until the designated number of of laps have been completed or you crash duc to ignoring tire wear If more than one person is racing the next racer will now be prompted to get ready and he or she will try to beat the other racer s time A scoreboard appears at the end of the game giving the order of the finishers their times and the money won I can really find little fault with this game excopt that I seemed to tire of
28. 29 95 plus tax from G R Q Marketing P O 197 Thornhill Ontario L3T 3N3 If the instruction are followed carefully and exactly the result is a drive that will read write perfectly every time The last presentation of the meeting was again by Chris who showed some of his machine language utilities These were originally written or modified by Chris to work with his Mail List program for the 4040 drive They include input routine a string manipulator and a fast sort and all are called by SYS to the correct address The routines now work on the C 64 and although they didn t make the April disk they should be on the May conference disk The meeting finished with a question and answer session after 10 30 p m for the many people that had specific problems TPUG fou cangot program 4 self a it tle brother Now put him bak and etase that ta pe g TPUG magazine page 7 CENTRAL MEETING May 1984 Ian Wright Toronto ON made a special effort to show up at May Central meeting since some friends were making presentations little did we know that this would turn out to be an evening full of surprises Jim Butterfield had asked if he could present first because he had to make another engagement that same night unfortunately unknown to him the equipment he was using was booby trapped Jim wanted to show various meth ods of accepting input into Commodore equipment and t
29. 30 END v O 14 SORT FILMS 9 CM 5 DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED O page 46 TPUG magazine ICCE Publications THE COMPUTER AS TOOL SA1 HEY Rob WHEN Done THERE CAN Vou Guise ME of Pi PRives John David Islington ON The International Council for Com puters in Education is a non prolit tax exempt professional organization ICCE is dedicated to improving educa tional uses of computers and to help ing both students and teachers become more computer literate Although ICCE is headquartered in Eugene Oregon a glance at the membership reveals a truly international association Australia Canada and Ireland are members that ensures a broad basis of experience rom which to draw Two ofits recent publications aimed at stu dents and teachers are Computer Metaphors Approaches to Computer Lit eracv for Educators and Computers in Com position Instruction In his introduction to Computer Meta phors Approaches to Computer Literacy for Educators Howard Peelle argues that the metaphor a comparison that is implied rather than directly ex pressed g He is a fox The com parison implies that the individual is slv or cunning without using those words is very useful particularly in fields such as computers in education for comprehending something new The metaphor is a stepping stone from the known to an arca ol exploration In a series of short essays
30. 33 COMMODORE DISKETTE COMPATIBILITY Jim C Halsey Racine WI How many times have you used a diskette in a 1540 1541 disk drive or a 2040 4040 disk drive that seemed to have a will of its own If you thought a glitch or gremlin was responsible for the way a diskette acted read on to find out what the reasons are likely to be There has been quite a bit of discussion regarding the types of diskettes to use in Commodore drives and reasons why 1540 1541 2031 and 2040 4040 formats do not seem to be read write compatible This article should help clear up some of these questions and problems The diskettes used in the 1540 1541 2031 and 2040 4040 disk drives should be single sided double density with 48 TPI tracks per inch structure Some of the Commodore documentation calls for single density diskettes I m sure this is an oversight on someonc s part A document from Shugart part no 39229 0 12 81 the manufacturer of the mechanical drives in 2040 4040 drive systems specifies using high resolution or double density diskettes as well as high resolution read write heads with Group Code Record GCR format operating systems This is the format Commodore chose which does the job admirably even though it is a little more difficult to implement Sometimes it may be possible to use single density diskettes with this format if the diskettes are of excellent quality and the drive is designed to compensate for the more crit
31. 416 244 1487 519 925 5376 416 787 8432 416 727 8795 416 639 0320 416 251 1511 416 225 8760 416 447 4811 416 782 8900 416 782 8900 416 782 1861 416 782 1861 416 782 1861 416 782 1861 c o 416 782 8900 Michael Bonnycastle 416 654 2381 Louise Redgers Don Dalley Victor Gough David Williams Kelly Grinton Peter Schwartz Jim Carswell Gerry Gold Doris Bradley John Easton Al Farquharson David Bradley Richard Bradley Baudouin St Cyr Mike Donegan Bill Dutfield Craig Bonner Chris Covell Tom Shevlin Gord Campbell 416 447 4811 c o 416 782 8900 c o 416 782 8900 416 782 1861 c o 416 782 8900 c o 416 782 8900 416 531 9909 416 225 8760 416 782 8900 416 251 1511 519 442 7000 416 782 8900 416 782 7320 c o 416 782 8900 416 639 0329 416 224 0642 416 663 4025 416 925 9296 416 624 5431 416 492 9518 page 4 TPUG magazine editorial We sometimes have some interesting discussions in this office about the func tion of TPUG Magazine Should endeavour as far as possible to be a publication vehicle for TPUG mem bers who have things they wish to say or should its main concern be to cater to the needs and tastes of its readers by providing material which they will find interesting useful and instructive This is not by any means a trivial question Authors are often fired with a drive to tell the world about some marvellous new thing which they have discovered or done I know this fro
32. 4992 London Commodore Users Club meets at the University of Western Ontario in Room 40 of the School of Business Administration on the last Monday each month at 7 00 p m Contact Dennis Trankner 519 681 5059 Sarnia C 64 Users Group meets at Lambton College on the first Sunday of each month at 7 30 p m Contact J C Hollemans 519 542 4710 Commodore Users Club of Sudbury meets at Lasalle High School in the cafeteria on the last Thursday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Tim Miner 705 566 9632 PET Educators Group Windsor meets at Faculty of Education Building 600 3rd Concession Windsor on the 3rd Wednesday of each month not July amp August at 7 00 p m Contact John Moore 519 253 8658 Associate Club Chapter Meetings UNITED STATES Commodore Houston Users Group Texas Meetings Nassau Bay City Hall Clear Lake City on the lst Wednesday of each month at 7 00 p m Bleyl Jr High School 10 000 Mills Rd Cypress Fairbanks District on the 3rd Thurdsday of each month at 6 30 p m Hildebrandt Middle School 22 800 Hildebrandt Rd Klein ISD on the 3rd Tuesday of each month at 6 30 p m Contact Mary F Howe 713 376 7000 Genesee County Area Pet Users Group Michigan meets at Bentley High School on Belsay Rd on the 3rd Thursday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Gordon Hale 313 239 1366 Michigan s Commodore 64 Users Group meets at Warren Woods High School in Warren
33. 6 PRG CE UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program will check every track and sector of your diskette for errors DIR READ C LOAD as follows LOAD DIR READ C 8 BL 6 FT PRG CE UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This is a handy little subroutine that reads the directory of a diskette into memorv It can be easily added to your programs where you need such a feature FAST BAM C LOAD as follows LOAD FAST 8 BL 10 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program will show you much faster than previous similiar programs what areas of your disk are used BAMGET D Do NOT attempt to LOAD this file BL 1 PRG CL DATA A machine language program that 15 LOA Ded and used by FAST BAM C TPUG magazine page 57 FUNCTION KEYS C LOAD as follows LOAD FUNCTION KEYS BL 4 FT PRG CL UTILITY This program as is will assign the follow ing keywords to your Commodore 64 s func tion keys Fl LOAD 8 F2 LIST F3 RUN FA LOAD F5 GOSUB F6 GOTO F7 RETURN F8 SAVE If you want to change these simply list the program and change the values of F in lines 2 through 9 before you RUN it Good luck LOCK UNLOCK C LOAD as follows LOAD LOCK UNLOCK C 8 BL 5 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program allows you to lock a file on your disk so that
34. FOR K 65 74 KY CL CHRE CHREC JO CHRE CKO L L 1 NEXT K J 1 REM MAIN LOOP OF PROGRAM INPUT S B KEY K LEFT CcCK 3 IF CD S THEN TT TI GOSUB 4416 SS TI TT IF CD B THEN TT TI GOSUB 2010 SS TI TT HK IHTCKSSZ 65 7100 a 0801 HK STR CHK MK LEFTS HEKS LENCHK 5 12 PRINT TRHB C1S LEHCHK 555HK SECS IF P THEN PRIHT HOT FOUND PRINT GOTO 1818 REM SEQUENTIAL SEARCH P 4 FOR 1 TO IF KY CKI gt KS THEN P K N IF K CK5 K THEN P K K N NEXT K RETURN REM BINARY SEARCH 1 J NV IF gt 7 THEN P RETURN K INTCCI J 15 22 5 IF K K CK5 THEN P K RETURN IF K K CK THEN J K 1 IF K gt KY CK gt THEN I K 1 GOTO 7020 RETURN Take A Basic BASIC Course kc Avenue West 7 30 pm to 9 30 pm The course will be taught by Chris Bennett Business Manager It is available to all members at no cost No previous knowledge or experience 15 required just a willingness to learn Members may attend any one session or all sessions as they desire July 12th Introduction to BASIC Structure of BASIC Data Types Variable Names DATA READ INPUT PRINT Arithmetic 2 July 26th Arrays Loops and IF DIM Statement Subscripts Loops FOR NEXT GOTO JF THEN 3 Aug 9th File Structures OPEN CLOSE
35. FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive MPS 801 or 1526 printer After you choose which output device you want 3 is the screen 4 is the printer this program will read the directory of the disk in drive of device 8 It will print out a directory listing including the initial track and sector of each file Then it reads every block on the disk to get the first two bytes i e file system links Following this itsummarizes the directory Then it looks for inconsistencies disk file structure describing any errors it finds Then a complete map of the disk can be printed Once all this 1s done the program switches to interactive mode For more information on interactive mode and all the other fea tures of this program be sure and LOAD and LIST LIST ME MAP L to your printer LIST ME MAP L LOAD as follows LOAD LIST ME MAP L 8 BL 23 PRG CL HS T ME This file contains detailed information about what DISK MAP C does Belore you attempt to use DISK MAP C be sure and LOAD and LIST this file to your printer In case you don t know how to list a pro gram to a printer do the following after vou have loaded the program you want to LIST OPEN4 4 CMD4 LIST RETURN When the program has finished LISTing enter the following PRINT 4 CLOSE4 RETURN Good luck DIR LIST SORT C LOAD as follows LOAD DIR LIST SORT 8 BL 88 PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 di
36. GOTHMAG S LAIR PPS 41 99 ZORK I II amp Il Infocom 99 99 PAPER CLIP Batteries 94 99 CHESS 7 0 Odesta 74 99 ARCHON Electronic Arts 48 99 CASTLE WOLFENSTEIN Muse 29 99 BEACH HEAD Access 33 99 LODE RUNNER Broderbund 39 99 SAMMY LIGHTFOOT Sierra 31 99 KMMM PASCAL 149 99 WICO Power Grip Joystick 34 99 Bank Street Writer Paper Clip Word Pro 3 Plus and other word processing packages all at low prices Write for details We carry a complete line of software and peripherals for business and home use Catalogues are 50 or free with any order To order send certified cheque or money order along with 3 25 to cover postage and handling 8 25 for courrier service to Compu Simple Simon P O Box 583 Snowdon Montr al Qu bec H3X 3T7 Quebec residents add 9 sales tax DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME GAMES ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESS EDUCATION e One of the largest selections of computer software in Canada e First Class service at competitive prices e All orders processed within 24 hours e All orders delivered by United Parcel Service e Write today for your complimentary catalogue The Electric Software Company DEPT T 2 Bloor St West Suite 100 108 Toronto Ontario M4W 3E2 MAIL ORDERS ONL magazine page 21 FORTH A NEW LANGUAGE FOR YOUR C 64 Peter Rukavina Carlisle ON C64 FORTH 15 an alternative pro gramming language for your Commo
37. L in the head of procedure Sur SQUARE Thus L now hasa value of 40 which is then passed to the PROC SQSIDE L formal parameter L in the head of SOSIDE This may look as though a lot of confusion could take place as to what L really means But COMAL can cope with that A parameter is always local to the procedure in whose head it occurs Thus the Lin SQUARE and the L in SOSIDE are really totally different seen from COMAL s point of view But right now you should not pay too much attention to that Just look at parameters as something that pass values from the outside world into a procedure and let COMAL sort out the problems for you It has been designed to do that page 20 TPUG magazine We ve Got People Talking REVIEWERS SAY This is the best typing tutor we have seen yet x x lp INFO 64 ING Computer aided instruction at its best Commander This is an excellent program that makes typing practice an enjoyable pastime instead of boring drudgery DILITHIUM PRESS Rated the BEST educational program for the VIC 20 EMY Creative Computing SOFTWARE CUSTOMERS SAY delighted with my son s progress he is the only one in his second grade class who touch types at the computer Your Typing Tutor is an excellent program our 4 children literally wait in line to use it Thoroughly satisfied can t believe how fast lve learned to type l ve never typed before In daily us
38. Peelle explores the computer as person tool brain map glass box vitamin palette mentor and catalvst Each metaphor explores a different capacity of the computer As a tool the computer has become powerful versatile ubi quitous used in industrv govern ment and education As a map the computer assist learning computer assisted instruction CAI by guiding a student through a series of problems related to one topic As a palette the computer is used in the artistic pro cess for creating colourful screens or for learning and teaching music Each of these articles 18 accompanied by a cartoon related to its central thesis In Computer as Mentor students face a teacher on the left and a computer on the right each seated at a desk A stu dent leans over to his and says The one on the right may have a lot of answers but the one on the lefta 15 lot more understanding These illus trations and statements such as Com puter bram comparisons get a bit gray on the matter make the booklet joy to read yet make clear the point of each metaphor For any introductory course in computer studies Computer Metaphors Approaches to Computer Lit eracv for Educators would be a worth while addition to the course library to help locus attention onthe various fac ets of a new educational diamond the computer 230 THE RiGHT Maw HANE ALOT OF Ad WwERS Por DE ONE ON THE LEF
39. alone key board emulator It uses a Commodore VIC 20 to handle the video display a variety of user interfaces and outputs to the host computer continued on next page page 10 TPUG magazine The MOD Keyboard program is contained in a special memory cartridge that has 4K bytes of battery backed up RAM as well as PROM Thus when the user has set up the system according to his needs the RAM will retain those settings after power has been shut off and the system will reappear as soon as power 18 turned on again The upper half of the MOD Keyboard display isa QWERTY Keyboard layout The lower half is one of fourteen pages of words or phrases that the user hasset up for himself VIC 20 game input signals direct a cursor as for menu selection over the whole screen When a selection has been made it is displayed on the bottom row of the screen and it can be sent to the host computer at the same time via the USER 1 0 port or the Commodore Serial Port The system can be used as a simple communicator with a printer or speech synthesizer connected via RS232 serial connection Interfaces to several brands of personal computers are available and others are now in development The most severely physically disabled person can have equipment to operate a computer It is much more difficult and time consuming to assess the person s capabilities to choose appropriate interface equipment to provide sup port for the person and his
40. be ready to publish in this issue of the magazine This series should provide a source of authoritative accurate information for all readers who are interested in CO MAL In order to maintain a reason able balance of the magazine s contents no other articles on COMAL will ap pear while Mr Christensen s series 15 running few readers and authors who live outside Canada keep surprising us by being apparently unaware that this magazine 1s a Canadian publication The overwhelming majority of the material we publish is applicable in all countries However readers out side Canada should check technical standards legal requirements etc in their own countries We cannot guar antee that the information that we pub lish is universally accurate People also save themselves money by being aware of our nationality We now have enough foreign mainly American postage stamps to decorate our office Ihev are pretty but there is no way we can use them for return postage This 15 the last issue of TPUG Magazine which will appear for two months As has been TPUG practice in the past there will not be an August issue as such A combined August September issue will appear in time for members to receive it by the beginning of September It will contain such things as the calendar of TPUG events for the fall season David Williams Important message to all bbs users The TPUG BBS has a new telephone number and new h
41. can be LOADed into HARMONIZER C This file is the DATA for that old favourite Red River Valley Great to impress your relatives with when they ask you what your com puter can do Good luck STORYTELLER C LOAD as follows LOAD STORYTELLER C 8 BL 32 FT PRG CL EDUCATION This program will allow vou to read about the varied adventures of a mouse what he does who he meets and who his friends JOYSTICK DRAW C LOAD as follows LOAD JOYSTICK DRAW C e BL 7 FT PRG CL DEMO Equipment required jovstick This program will allow you to draw on the hi res page using joystick plugged into control port 2 To change screen colours press the fire button Tochange the border colours press fire while pulling back on the Joystick To change the colour of vour lines press the space bar Have fun KEYBOARD BEEP C LOAD as follows LOAD KEYBOARD BEEP 4259 DL 2 FT PRG CL MUSIC SOUND Lquipment required a monitor or TV with audio output This small program will make vour Com modore 64 beep every timea key is pressed Just what vou ve been waiting for eh DOUBLE SPACER C LOAD as follows LOAD DOUBLE SPACER 48 BL 1 FT PRO CL UTILITY This program modifies your Commodore 64 so that it double spaces everything that it prints on your monitor LOAD it intoa friends Commodore 64 and have a laugh telling them that it is broken Heh heh 1526HIRESDUMP C LOAD as follows LOAD
42. computer 0 Cumulative Galactic Record Status Report 2 Photon Torpedo Data 3 Starbase Nav Data 4 Direction Distance Calculator 5 Galaxy Region Name Map 6 Inventory Of Devices On Board WRP To change warp speed SHD To discharge shields RES To remain stationary SHT To send out shuttle craft SPM To send subspace message SP To use space jump DRD To send out droids ROB To use damage repair robot CLK To use cloaking device LRP To use long range probe MIN To detonate space mines XXX To resign your command Thislist of commands will mean a lot more to you if you LOAD and RUN STAR TREK INST C Good luck ADDING QUIZ C LOAD as follows LOAD ADDING QUIZ C 8 BL 60 FT PRG CL EDUCATION This program will display adding ques tions of varying degrees of difficulty De pending on the level called for one or more of the digits in question will be blanked out The student s task will be to enter the cor rect digit s Any number of questions at any level can be called for REPEAT C LOAD as follows LOAD REPEAT C 8 BL 17 PRG CL GAME When you are ready a pattern of 4 num bers will be displayed Immediately one will quickly flash You must repeat that same number by pressing the same key as that number If you get the correct number it will be displayed again followed by another number watch cl
43. control switches and finally to teach him how to use the equipment If the effort involved In adapting computers to the disabled individual does result in an evolution of more accessible software and hardware then it 1s time well spent The clinical process of evaluation fitting and teaching will be seen as a positive benefit and it will be easier More people will be able to participate in a society that increasingly depends on the power of computers for creation and communication TPUG For more information on adapted computers for the disabled you may call TASH Inc 70 Gibson Avenue Unit 1 Markham Ontario Canada L3R 223 lel 416 475 2212 THE COMPUTER IN SPECIAL EDUCATION H a US 4 bang P pU ou x r i d 7 A Photo by Marya Miller Marya Miller Mount Albert Ontario The teacher has a PET And an Apple But she prefers her C 64 The C 64 is actually mine says Joyce Brown Diagnostic And Resource teacher for Mount Albert Public School I brought it to the school just after Christmas and it s the one we use most Apple and the PET belong to the whole school but the children in Special Ed use the computers so much they think they own them Joyce Brown has spent the last six years working with chil dren who are classified as exceptional a term that covers the spectr
44. dore 64 Programming in FORTH rather than BASIC gives you painless access to graphics an extra measure of speed and the ability to shape a lan guage to your own needs This review will centre on C64 FORTH marketed by Performance Micro Products but there are several other versions of FORTH available both for the C 64 and for the VIC 20 and PET CBM series C64 Forth was originally developed in 1968 by Charles H Moore because as he says in Leo Brodie s Starting Forth The traditional languages were not providing the power ease or flexibility that I wanted Since 1968 the popularity of FORTH has grown to the point where it is now available in some form for all computers There are two main reasons to use FORTH rather than Commodore BASIC speed and the ability to shape the language to your needs FORTH is fast Because of the way it is set up much of the interpreting 1s done at the time you write the code rather than when you run it A simple bench mark test where each of the C 64 s 255 characters were written into each of its 1000 screen positions was performed first with pure machine code then FORTH and finally BASIC Machine code took about two seconds FORTH about one minute and BASIC about fifteen minutes The extra speed comes in very handy when several operations are to be performed at the same time as with a high speed arcade game or a communications program when re petitive calculations m
45. end of command string or the player 15 added to island Until the player is added to the island Initialize pit depths Initialize zombie life counter Clear message display area Return Calculate new island position Save the command as a 1 bvte binary counter Loop outer loop Get the current island position Loop inner loop Increment column If column 80 Set column to 2 Increment row If row 23 Sct row to 2 Decrement command counter Until counter 0 Save the newly calculated position Set the counter to 1 Until the new position is unoccupied Return Move Y Set v moved flag to false Loop Get new Y position Guess Compare new Y position to all O positions If no match then quit If the pit is full then quit Set game end to true Admit Compare new Y position to all Z positions If no match then quit Set game end to true Admit Compare new Y position to boundary positions If match then quit Move Y to new position Set Y moved to true Endguess Until Y moved is true or game end is true Return Get new Y position Get a character from the player Set the new position equal to the current position Set leading nybble to 0 Guess If not 1 then quit Increment row Decrement column Admit If not 2 then quit Increment row Admit If not 3 then quit Increment row and column Admit If not 4 then quit Decrement column Admit If not 6 then quit Increment column Admit If not 7 then quit Decrement row and column Admit I
46. get a LOGO disk a utilities disk and a manual from Commodore also available in French The Koala Pad LOGOdraw system is a separate pack age sold software dealers Now I understand why there are people who are very excited about the language LOGO and its applications thanks Laurie For those who are new to the club or to TPUG meetings Doris Bradley and Louise Redgers made announcements about future meetings the BBS password the April TPUG Magazine and procedure during and after the break Louise said that the next C 64 meeting would be oriented more towards business users and programs The Bradley brothers then demonstrated a selection of programs from the two More Monthly disks By the end of the break they were sold out Chris Bennett presented a technique for aligning a slim line 1541 2031 disk drive The key is to have an UNTOUCHED copy of the Commodore disk that came with the drive titled TEST DEMO According to Chris this disk has been mass duplicated and is thus aligned correctly but if you have written or scratched or validated this disk it is no longer valid as a check Using a 5 line program and a commercial alignment package you can keep your low profile drive aligned The program simply validates collects in BASIC 4 0 the TEST DEMO disk and if the red activity light doesn t flicker the drive alignment is still OK If the light flickers it s time to use DISKALIGNER
47. it As well pre booting the special keyboard software may be awkward for the disabled user The new battery powered portable personal computers offer one solution the machine could be permanently equipped with word processing and communications software with the special keyboard software included Several groups are working in this area As new portable computers arrive the keyboard adaptations become more powerful and more refined Other keyboard emulators use their own memory battery backed up on a separate circuit board The Adaptive Firm ware Card for Apple computers is one which offers a large number of user input techniques In either case the special keyboard program uses keyboard address calls as a cue to process and insert its own keyboard data The bottom row of the computer screen can be used to display a menu of characters and standard game control inputs are used to choose characters Stand Alone Keyboard Emulators Keeping the keyboard emulator separate from the host computer gives several advantages The user interface 15 free of interactions with the programs being run on the host computer separate screen can display a full kevboard of characters and more A software or hardware interface built into the host computer will accept input from the keyboard emulator if the user wants to change over to a new computer he need only install a keyboard interface in the new one The TASH MOD Keyboard System is a stand
48. it quickly as did mv kids Even though it 15 in my opinion the best of the racing simulations it still doesn t have the staying power of classics like Jumpman or Miner 20497 lode runner Ian Wright Toronto Ont You are a galactic commando deep enemy territory Your task To infil trate each of 150 different treasury rooms evade the deadly Bungeling guards and recover each chest of Bungeling booty This is from the opening description of a terrific new game from Broderbund Software who brought you such favour ites as David s Midnight Magic and Choplifter The program Lode Run ner is another award winner You don t shoot everything that moves and al though sharp reflexes are an asset you also need to plan ahead to complete more than a few screens You do not use your laser pistol to shoot the guards but to drill pits and passageways into the floor If a guard falls in you may run over him but he will either climb out or bereplaced by a new guard If you fall in you lose one of your five lives but you can collect extras by completing each level The graphics are marvelous especi ally the moving humans The sounds and music are nice and not at all overpowering unlike so many games This program comes with a booklet of instructions which explains the vari ous features of the game Although best with a joystick the game can be played from the keyboard and
49. of the RED I C s TPUG A Ylimaki Who says computers should be seen and not heard COMvoice brings you the voice of the future A speech synthesizer that extends the power of speech to Commodore 64 COMvoice features automatic English to Speech conversion With unlimited vocabulary And four levels of speech inflection It s ideal for interaction in educational programs because COMvoice is easily programmed from BASIC So why not let your computer speak for itself SPECIAL 154 95 WIEXTERNAL SPEAKER 169 95 VIC 20 and Commodore 54 ara trademarks of Commodore Electronics Ltd ALSO ASK ABOUT OUR WV e IMMER loris raram L EM 7 HOME SECURITY AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS ViController COMsense Wireless remote control system for the VIC 20 and CBM 64 Use with BSR and Leviton remote receiver modules 89 95 Input device for the VIC 20 and 64 Provides 4 open close and 2 analog inputs 64 95 COMclock AUTOboot Clock calendar cartridge for CBM 64 with battery backup and auto start software in ROM 89 95 Milne s Computer Control Systems 62 Wood Crescent Regina Saskatchewan S4S 6J7 Ph 1 306 584 1988 page 26 TPUG magazine Te g Simulator II Pul yoursel in the pilot s seat of a Piper 181 Cherokee Archer and head for the skies High speed color 3D graphics provide a spectacular panoramic view as you practice takeoffs l
50. of the latter and got quite a kick out of Brenda The Brat following the painter around the house nastily messing up the work he had just done So apparently do the children One aspect of the C 64 in the classroom that appears to give Joyce Brown real satisfaction is the development of positive attitudes it encourages I have never had a child sit down at the computer and say I can t do that She is emphatic Another major benefit is a noticeable improvement in the childrens behaviour and attitude towards their peers especially emotionally disturbed ones Brown marvels at groups of three or four children round the C 64 all working together co operating helping each other She has noticed that the desire to keep computer privileges is a great incentive towards good behaviour But the computer is still more of a visual motivator she concludes It doesn t help much with auditory problems As of yet you can t speak to a computer It 1s the closest she comes to a criticism But socially educationally motiva tionally all I ve seen are positives with the children Other than that you can tear them away WALLY HAS CAUGHT CLAW IN THE KEYBOARD MR DRACULA SHOULD CALL A SERVICE AGENT OR A VET page 12 TPUG magazine HARBOURFRONT COMPUTER CENTRE Janet Sherbanowski Toronto Even though our main interest is in Commodore
51. of your treasure If you lose all your treasure you will perish Good luck AUTOLINE PRINT C LOAD as follows LOAD AUTOLINE PRINT C 8 BL 6 FT PRG CL UTIEITT You can use this program to print consecu tive specified intervals For example if you were writing a music program and you knew that you were going to need DATA statements from line 250 to line 550 num bered by 10 all you have to do is tell this program where to start where to end and what the interval is and it will do it for you Handy eh page 60 TPUG magazine HAPPY NEW YEAR C LOAD as follows LOAD HAPPYNEWYEAR CS BL FT PRG CL MUSIC SOUND Equipment required monitor or TV with audio output This program displays in big letters New Year while flashing the screen by changing colours rapidly and plaving that old time favourite Auld Lang Syne Great for New Year s Eve parties and get togethers HARMONIZER C LOAD as follows LOAD HARMONIZER C 8 BL 18 FT PRG CL MUSIC SOUND Equipment required a monitor or TV with audio output This program allows you to make up your own songs and save them to disk as SEQuen ual files After you have saved your symphonies you can LOAD them back in and impress your Apple friends with the superior sound capa bilities of your Commodore 64 Good luck RED RIVER D Do NOT attempt to LOAD this file BL 26 FT SEQ CL DATA This is a sample song that
52. on the 3rd Tuesday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Chuck Ciesliga 313 773 6302 Russellville Commodore Users Group Inc meets at Oakland Heights Elementary School on the 3rd Thursday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Bob Brazeal 501 967 1868 Sacramento Commodore Computer Club California meets at Hiram Johnson High School 65th St amp 14th Ave in the cafeteria on the 4th Monday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Geoff Worstel 916 961 8699 Southern Minnesota Commodore Users Group meets at Mankato State University on the first Thursday of each month at 7 30 p m Contact Dean Otto 507 625 6942 Westmoreland Commodore User s Club meets at Westmoreland County Community College Youngwood on the 3rd Friday evening each month Contact Bob McKinley 412 863 3930 INTERNATIONAL Baden Computer Club Germany meets at CFB Baden Soellingen on the 2nd Sunday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Kevin Rowe TPUG magazine page 63 SCS PAYROLL C 64 Easy to use No special training required 5 5 Payrolls have been used by Canadians since 1980 Calculates amp Prints Gross Pay Overtime and Net Pay Prints Cheques or Pay Statements User Choice Prints Employee Files with Cumulative Totals 139 Monthly Report Gives Journal Entry and Receiver General Remittance Data a Prints T4s at Year End Uses Formulas Recommended by Revenue Canada Dealer Inquiries Welcome
53. or tapes from our librarv please make sure that the programs you order are compatible with the computer you have V T9 LIST ME V T9 L HAM LOG DEMO V LOG MASTER V LOG MASTERSK V T amp R STATSSK V T amp R STATS V TERMINAL8K V VISITING HRS8K V JEDII6K V MAY 1984 LIST this file for description of programs on V T9 Demo for the HAM operator programs which follow Use these programs to create a master log of HAM operators The second is for an expander Calculates statistics for a person or a student As above but no memory expander is re quired Working upload download terminal pro gram for the VIC 20 Full documenta tion can be found on BBS s using a Punter PET type 5 program Mystery word game wander through the hospital Word game based on Star Wars Try to find the troopers and destroy the bases SLITHER DUEL3 V SOUND DEMO V GALACTIC CODE V RATRAPI6K V RESUCE 16K V STAR TREKI6K V GALAX BOOT V GALAXIAN V TERM VIC Snake game with three enemies key board A few sound effects for you to enjoy Code making breaking game to play with 3D maze where you try to find the cheese in the least time very good Manoeuver the ship down to earth and back up to the mothership without crashing into anything Excellent Trek game with many func tions and features Keyboard Galaxian type game with cus tom characters Main part of the ga
54. recommended Now for menial or less important program diskettes some users may choose to use single density diskettes you should so choose be prepared to possibly lose a file now and then This can happen after the diskette has been formatted and files written and verified To realize the probability of this happening think of a magnet you haven t used for some time that has been stuck to a metal surface It eventually will lose some of the magnetic force This same process can happen to disk ettes over a period of time The better the oxide surface the longer the data will stay intact For these reasons I prefer to use dual density diskettes for all applications including VIC 20 and Commodore 64 files with the 1541 drive and 2001 8032 files with 4040 drives This saves problems with keeping the two types of diskettes separate as well as giving me the confidence in my computer systems which is neces sary when working on a program for any leneth of time then backing up the latest revision to this program with no of having lost those hours or sometimes days of work Of course everyone does keep backups while writing or revising a program right H References Commodore Business Machines Inc Disk Reference Manual 1982 ola4 inch Disk User s Manual 1980 1041 User s Manual 1983 Cromemco CDOS Manual part no 023 0036 1980 Digital Equipment Corporation RK06 RK07 Disk Drive Users Manual 1978 IB
55. the end of a line f1 plus the CONTROL key provides an escape from quote mode f1 plus the SHIFT key freezes the com puter until the SHIFT key 1s released 3 performs a disk LOAD 4 puts you into the machine language monitor To exit this mode type X and press return 5 displays the disk drive s error channel 6 puts the command OPEN 1 8 15 on the screen You can use this to undertake disk operations such as scratching files or for matting disks 7 changes the screen background colour f8 changes the screen border colour You also have 7 new BASIC commands They are RENUM DEL FIND CHANGE OLD APPEND and OFF As well Multi Aid adds a machine language monitor The commands used bv it are as lollows S Save range as PRG to device L Load PRG from device Transfer range to new address F Find bytes range lor ASCII C Change entire range specified byte A Assemble machine language at address D Disassemble 22 line from address P Disassemble over range M Display memory contents over a range Display registers G Begin execution at address X Return to BASIC Yes sir Quite a little utility LIST ASCII C0 C LOAD as follows LOAD LIST ASCH SCO C 8 BL 12 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required printer This program will list the program in mem ory to an ASCII printer All you have to do is enter SYS 12 4096 All of the cursor movements will be trans lat
56. thealiens has been hitand thus should die These words would then be used in the definition of a word SPACEGAME Whenever SPACEGAME was execut ed TITLESCREEN ALIENS YOUR SHIP SHOOT and DEATH would be executed The game program is thus self documenting If one of the opera tions 15 altered only that section of the program need be changed the main structure remains intact As you work with FORTH you are essence writ ing your own language adapted to your own needs Tired of using a FOR NEXT loop to clear the SID chip Define a word SIDCLEAR Want to have an easy way of setting up for graphics Definea word GRAPHICS The list goes Some other nice features are access to any number base sprites done in binary easy graphics using words such as ARC BOX and LINE simple editing and compatibility with any other FORTH system you can pull out all those old 70 s magazines and use their FORTH programs Perhaps the biggest advantage FORTH has over other languages or BASIC additions like SIMON S BASIC or COMAL is the fact that you can savea TURNKEY operation of your pro grams This means that they can be run without having to load in the FORTH system thus allowing you to write programs for people who have not purchased the system What they use 15 essentially a run only subset of the language This is by no means an instant way to happiness Regardless of its many features
57. there are an additional twelve keyboard com mands that allow vou to freeze toggle on off display and even cheat So far there is little to suggest that this is any different from Jumpman or Frogger but wait what s an EDIT MODE You can design and construct your own rooms If the 150 rooms on the Broderbund disk are not enough then construct your own disk of 150 more screens With this game gaming can move into another skill level in which you can compete to design the toughest most challenging screen and then go for high score on each others screens Lode Runner was designed by Doug Smith and the C 64 disk version was prepared by Dane Bigham These gen tlemen should be complimented on their talent and skills TPUG Do you have one little more User trienory p page 50 TPUG magazine de product parade product parade product p We are introducing a new feature in TPUG Magazine New FN a particular product arouses your interest and you would like to see a more thorough review of it in subsequent issues M x of our magazine OMNIWRITER OMNISPELLER introduced by Micron Distributing OMNIWRITER OMNISPELLER 1s a software program that offers a full line of word processing features as an integrated spelling checker for the Commodore 64 Designed with advanced colour graphics OMNIWRITER OMNISPELLER is a page based word processing pro
58. you would need a mother board With you buy just ONE piace at ABOUT HALF THE PRICE Adds up to a full 27k bytes of additional RAM to the standard VIC 20 s internal RAM of 5k NOW ONLY 175 00 ORDERING INFORMATION Cheque Money Order VISA Master Card accepted Ontario residents add 7 sales tax Add 596 for shipping minimum charge 1 00 NOTE All Prices in Canadian Funds LI 2001 LTD 5529 Yonge Street Willowdale Ontario M2N 5S3 Tel 416 223 8400 magazine page 27 FORECASTING WITH THE 8032 Part John Shepherd Islington ON The February 1984 PET disk P T6 contains four programs which can he used to project historical data into the future Parts I and II of this series TPUG Magazine Issues May and Juno provided an overview of time series analysis defined some of the terminology and discussed use of the data collection program forest data 8 These articles supplement the documentation on the disk and explain how to use these programs in practical forecasting applications program forest glm 8 has 12 linear quadratic or trigonometric forecasting models These equations are used for medium range or for long range forecasts i e where the data must be projected more than three months and even up to several years ahead The models are listed in Table I These forecasting equations are al
59. 0 drives in addition to having a structure of 96 tracks per inch vs 48 TPI on 1541 4040 surface There are 77 tracks used per read write surface on the 8050 and 8250 drives The 8250 has two read write heads one on either side of the diskette This requires having dual sided diskettes of which the major diskette manufacturers guarantee testing both sides These are used in dual sided drives with the same side facing up and never flipped as in some advertisements that say you can use both sides of the diskettes 1f you think of the dust and or smoke particles that can get inside the jacket of your diskette as boulders with respect to the diskette surface see fig 9 imagine the grooves these boul ders are wearing into the jacket liner material let alone the diskette surface then picture reversing the direction of travel of the diskette or back against the grain of these boulders That is pretty scary if you consider the time invested in diskettes trom writing or editing programs and data What all this means is that diskettes in Commodore drives are required to work store read write data at a rate that 1s at least 20 more demanding than the standard IBM 3740 3741 single density format To make more reliable recording of information or files the 1540 1541 drives should be aligned to 2040 4040 specifications and it would seem that for all applications the use of dual density diskettes would be preferred and certainly
60. 12A Avenue Road Suite 1 Toronto Ontario Canada M5M 4A1 LET US KNOW WHICH MACHINE YOU USE TPUG magazine page 17 HELP IS HERE FOR C 64 amp VIC 20 THELITTLE BLACK BOX RESET SWITCH REVIVE and SAVE all CRASHED BASIC PROGRAMS even after entering command NEW with aid of included program listing Saves hours of work in retyping Resets computer from ANY BASIC program lock up Easily installs in USER PORT Will not void CBM warranty Saves wear and tear on computer e Diode Protected Circuitry e Lifetime Warranty Suggested Retail 24 95 CDN 19 95 U S DEALER AND DISTRIBUTOR INQUIRIES INVITED Manufactured by B C Distributor BESCO PRODUCTS LOTTUS DEVELOPMENT CORP 203 8060 Granville Ave Richmond B C Canada Ph 278 5115 14 E Broadway Vancouver B C Canada Ph 604 879 5445 C64 CARTRIDGE PROGRAMMER MAKE YOUR OWN CARTRIDGES Turn your favourite program s into a permanent cartridge 89 95 includes everything needed to program cartridges Complete software and documentation One blank 8K cartridge included e Blank 8K cartridges 19 95 Erase in sunlight and then re program Warning It is illegal to duplicate copyright cartridges Ask about our PET 40 80 conversion HIGH RES TECHNOLOGIES 16 English Ivyway Toronto Ontario M2H 3M4 416 497 6493 Add 2 00 shipping and handling Ontario Res Add 7 sales tax Upgrade your Commodore with a high resolut
61. 1526 HIRES DUMP Guy BL 4 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1526 printer This program will dump hires pictures like those found on disks C G1 amp C G2 to your 1526 printer Now you can decorate your computer room with pictures of Winston Churchill Don ald Duck and or all the gang from Sesame 5treet DISK FIDDLER C LOAD as follows LOAD DISK FIDDLER C 8 BL 2FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive With this program you can read any sector from any track into the memory of your Commodore 64 Once you have it in mem ory you can alter it and then re save it back to your diskette FRACTAL C LOAD as follows LOAD FRACTAL C 8 BL 3 FT PRG CL DEMO This program draws an interesting shape on the high resolution page of your Com modore 64 ARCADE C LOAD as follows LOAD ARCADE C 8 BL 18 FT PRG CL GAME This is a collection of several little games You are presented with a menu that looks like this Three liner use shift Six line wonder Car drive Russian roulette Stars larget 7 Quit To play the game press the number that corresponds to the name of the game Once you loseat one of the games you are zipped back to the menu and you are free to try another Have lun LANDER C LOAD as follows LOAD LANDER C 8 BL 12 FT PRG CL GAME Hw amp o2 o Your job is to pilot your landing craft from its launch platform t
62. 3 2368 as seen on The Journal COMMODORE SOFTWARE AFICIONADOS You d like free software we d like reviews The Book Company seeks additional reviewers for The Book of Commodore Software For details write and send a sample review to The Book Company 11223 S Hindry Ave Los Angeles CA 90045 CALENDAR OF TPUG EVENTS Summer 1984 Schedule Generally there are no monthly meetings in July and August though there will be a Basic BASIC Course at York Public Library 1745 Eglinton Ave W on alternate Thursdays July 12 amp 26 Aug 9 amp 23 and Sept 6 from 7 30 p m to 9 30 p m No previous knowledge or experience is required just a willingness to learn You may attend whichever sessions you want Details are available in this issue of TPUG Maga zine or from the TPUG office Are you interested in organizing some other interest group in the Greater Toronto area Pleaselet theclub office know by mail phone or bulletin board A full calendar of events for the coming fall season will appear in the next August September issue of TPUG Magazine TPUG Associate Club Chapter Meetings CANADA Edmonton Commodore Users Group meetsat Archbishop Jordan High School Sherwood Park on the last Friday of each month at 7 00 p m Contact Bob Kadylo 403 465 3523 Guelph Computer Club meets at Co operators Insurance Assoc on the 2nd Wednesday of each month at 7 30 p m Contact Brian Grime 519 822
63. 71 bs bseazmcmidt tcda lmc 1 12523 l FEsIEBEtLhenbissebe4MmzrzES rad ad mest paota Tgk palea print SAWE EHZICODE zz follows s print Firat losd the am to be sane print EIEE per irrt print print Screen print print 6 Special i prartigrnintzipgrirt oe D HH THESE SYS panto gms Tr orn Then tege to line LAME cn the EHZICUDE the e yz ero tur ate lee blank mou lin ase 1 ALL gt 11 ane COMMAM CS rem load POSE peek eke s aoziubz1lsad aozubczmdcH aosi HA enint erint Hith the ingtreuaction Pelee sper tek zem mt all existing lines print grint will deleted and prinmtiprint code loaded from the Pe Lee sere eek erint erint Pera the print print pr irt printigrmrirtibprnirt WwHE While print unfortunate li Trom line LAB aon lazed bs ERHSICULDE tape witt ERSICOLE coped 2 am Vonr line tape with Ckit Tram the laadirna From BAS J COCE forced toa so kb lank aata 1 ASE continued on next page page 44 TPUG magazine EU T Horae c NT
64. Collegiate and a member of David William s Machine Language program run by Etobicoke s S E E school As part of this grade 13 credit course Jim produced Not Basic Aid a non utility adding 12 commands to Commodore BASIC on the PET Just prior to the meeting Jim had tried to demonstrate his program to his night school class and it had bombed so it was hurriedly tested again before the start of the TPUG meeting This time the program worked fine but someone forgot to re set the PET before Mr Butterfield started his ill fated demo The effects of this omission have been described already Not Basic Aid uses the CH REGET routine to check for new commands COMPACT MUNCH and DONNEGAN and the results had the audience in stitches I will not spoil the fun by describing the effects of each of these commands but Jim s program certainly gave this meeting a surprise ending TPUG page 8 TPUG magazine Computer Aids for the Disabled 20000 000000 990000 00000 00000 00000 200080 609000 000900 009000 05920 gt Photos by Roberto Portolese William Bennett Scarborough ON The personal computer holds a promise for people whose physical disabilities have prevented them from participat ing in the mainstream of society TPUG Magazine readers probablv know how computer electronics can extend a person s nervous system allowing him to communicate and control without much need for physical mobility or strength
65. DELL 0090 SOSIDE L 0100 SOSIDE L 0110 ENDPROC 0120 0130 SETGRAPHIC 0 Press the RETURN key twice after the last statement to get out of the AUTO mode If during this short keyboard session you introduce a syntax error COMAL reports it and places the cursor at the position where it discovers that something is wrong Let s take it that you stumble over the keys in line 70 and type 0070 SQSIDE L The COMAL interpreter reacts by reporting ERROR 7 and placing the cursor right after the L in line 70 You only need to type in an and press RETURN Then COMAL removes the message and types 0080 instead thus flagging that it is ready for your next statement If you are using the disk version and are ready to wait two seconds for a full message SETMSG mode you get ERROR 7 BRACKET ERROR instead of the more laconic ERROR ae SSS SSS SSS SSS rs magazine page 19 Now type LIST to check that you have typed in all the lines of the example You will see COMAL come up with this listing 0010 PROC SOSIDE CL FORWARD L 9836 LEFT 90 0040 ENDPROC SOSIDE gang FRIC SZODRRECGL Qaa SUSIDECL SUSZIDECL 0090 SQSIDECL 60100 SUSIDECL 8110 SQUARE 8120 re 0138 SETGRAPHIC 0 Note that the listing 1s structured the lines between a PROC and an ENDPROC statement are indented to indi
66. ET books 1500 00 U S Call Dave Gailius 213 321 4350 days Genealogy 17 714 870 9919 evenings High Resolutions Technologies 18 Commodore PET 32K Dual Disk Drive TX80 Printer amp Hunter Nichols IBC King 1015 of business educational and games software 2 200 or Mannesmann 52 offer 446 1035 Microcomputer 5 5 390 ite eso re og 8250 Disk Drive for sale or trade for 8050 Call Darlene 416 624 6526 INIBBIe NOC DB io o tied heed WhO en aOR Sm 48 For Sale CBM 8032 8050 and 8023P 2 400 Call Chris PeCisiON Software ve cE SHREK eee hee xod 2 789 8409 evenings Pro Line Software IFC P Technologies 40 Centronics Thermo printer manual 20 rolls paper 120 00 or Richvale OBC best Call 247 7714 Romaro Enterprises International 46 Sheridan College 39 Sell 24K board with 3 expansion slots for VIC 20 55 00 Skeena Computer Services 4 64 Super expander cartridge 25 00 Gorf game cartridge 8 00 Software CET 39 VIC 90 programmers ref guide 5 00 All cartr
67. FTWARE Ontario residents add 7 PST 55 Ellerslie Ave Suite 1117 Cheque or Money Order only please Willowdale Ont M2N 1X9 Well back you up ATTENTION COMMODORE 64 OWNERS If you own a disk drive then you ll need The Clone Machine Take control of your 1541 with this package that includes My only copy 1 Complete and thorough users manual 2 Copy with one or two drives 3 Investigate and back up many disks 4 Copy all file types including relative types 5 Edit and view track block in Hex or ASCII 6 Display full contents of directory and print 7 Change program names add delete files with single keystroke 8 Easy disk initialization 9 Supports up to four drives Specialintro 69 95 Amount enclosed Name ___ Address 1 Creative Computer Systems 106 Byron St South Ont res add 7 PST City Stoe Ep Whitby Ontario Micra Phone Number a LIN 4P5 mum D MC of VISA 416 666 2212 MIAT E Shipping and handling add 2 50 dote u page 14 TPUG magazine THE GREAT 95 EXPERIMENT Jim Butterfield Toronto ON It seemed like a good idea at the time We were in the early days of home computing and the passing around of pro grams hadn t been refined to an advanced system So 1 thought I d try a form of computer chain letter You must know the sort of thing I mean
68. GNER USED TO WORK IN DETROIT magazine page 29 C 64 PROVINCIAL PAYROLL complete Canadian Payroll System for Small Business e 50 Employees per disk 1541 e Calculate and Print Journals e Print Cheques e Calculate submissions summary for Revenue Canada e Accumulates data and prints T 4s e Also available for 4032 and 8032 Commodore Computers Available from your Commodore Dealer Distrihuted by ICROCOMPUTER SOLUTIONS m 1262 DON MILLS RD STE 4 DON MILLS ONTARIO M3B 2W7 TEL 416 447 4811 ABRAXAS SOFTWARE C Epor ds LN Tut DEALER mm a SAAMAGE 11 page 80 magazine BENT COMPUTER ASSOCIATES Software 601 Pro Pick Basketball 603 Pro Pick Football Hardware Video Plug once annie S HGRO2 Speaker Plug when vor nonas Mew wa 12 HGRO3 Combo Plug p gga HGRO4 Reset Button mw own wero 4 0 05 HGROS RS232 Interface woes Wy 20 05 ins Ir pc Terms BENT Computer Associates 1542 Front Street wo Slidell Louisiana 70460 ce Chack Monty Order VISA Master Card No COD 4 sina acid Sos Tas Ad Le WE RE 4 Fi 4 a The key to the system simple but sophisticated The problem with many computer sytems is that they can be too complex too confusing and too cumbe
69. ICODE 2 to transmit computer programs people responsible for NOS also wel come submissions of programs in NOS format and there is a monthly prize for the best program sent in NOS translator programs have been or are being developed for other brands of computers than those I listed above For instance a loading only program is available for the Sinclair ZX 81 Timex microcomputer and incom plete translators already exist for the Acorn Atom Cosmicos 1802 NAS COM Gemini and TI 99 4A makes The Sinclair SPECTRUM is also reportedly being investigated At the end of this article is a Com modore NOS translator program which I have translated from Dutch to English You can get the NOS BASI CODE 2 manual which is profession ally typeset and printed and the NOS cassette containing the translator pro grams for the various machines and twenty one sample programs in NOS format by sending a bank money order for thirty Dutch guilders roughly fif teen U S dollars to BASICODE Administratie Algemeen Secretariaat NOS P O Box 10 1200 B Hilversum Netherlands The bank money order should be made payable to NOS Algemeen Secretariaat Both the cas sette and manual are bilingual with everything presented in Dutch and in English Since NOS BASICODE isa non profit public domain project being sold at cost please don t write to NOS asking questions without including one or two International Reply Coupons avail a
70. July 1984 2 95 magazine The official publication for the worlds largest international Commodore users group 00000 006000 09009000 800000 5 A X DI E e o2 B ssej sse 9uNMSIOJ pay 56 equouua wing ed ped abersoy epeues 1509 a Ue 4 epeuey 98 72145 e from the origin of the V F Series Is an easy to use spelling checker with a standard dictionary expandable 8 ign to 25 000 words SpellPro 64 quickly rings anal war gto the personal Me Commodore 64 for the first time add And WP64 features rtiona piped EY word wrap two gin id phis cm paging for T e amp footers four way scrolling extra text area and a new ach OOPS buffer thar y brings back TEST and DISK as well as all the old text esed i Arton Alyan ever dream standbys such as RENUM and SEARCH amp gba Sioa fer the software REPLACE Includes MorePower 64 6995 NOW SHIPPING industry ro mees 69 95 TOOL BOX 64 MAILPRO 64 Is the ultimate programmer s utility package Includes Pal 64 assembler FOr Your Nearest Dealer Ein ccnp of data izer and list manager MailPro and Power 64 BASIC soup up kit all 64 is the easiest of all to learn and use together ana uly integrated 5 5 Ca
71. M Diskette General Information Manual part no GA 21 9182 5 1980 Shugart Format Manual 5 25 inch Floppvs part no 39229 0 1981 NAUMAN MAIR 994 Bia FinGE P Rint Au MT 1 fig 9 page 36 TPUG magazine SuperPET 6809 Assembler Part II Brad Bjorndahl DBramalea ON Ihis article continues the development of the program PITS to be implemented by the Waterloo 6809 microAs sembler The previous article put forth some design ques tions and two of the initial modules Some of the questions such as the status of a bounded zombie are not actually relevant to the program as I finally designed it but they had to be considered Also when changes are made the questions may become problems and thinking about them now will help make enlightened decisions For example a change which allows a zombie to move more than once per turn or to have multiple lives may lead to zombies which have more moves left on a turn but which are bounded other zombies In any case the relevant questions have been answered in the design shown at the end of this article The first module called Mainline in the last article is really brief description of the entire game The procedure Create Island includes displaying island boundaries filling it with pits zombies and the player and initializing several arrays Creating the island was the single most difficult task in the game de
72. Make sure that it s in the first column of a screen line gt A our part error message will appear on the screen Without an error present it will look like 00 OK 00 00 A mis spelled filename will give the following 62 FILE NOT FOUND 00 00 The form consists of an error number descriptive message the track on the disk where an error was detected and the offending sector Consult the reference manual continued overleaf O O A A LLDCSELLLLLCIHALHRAHE R SEOSQBQ 4OLIIHIUIQEL eLUUIP H E GECELB XGIOBLCCRCGSLLLCELELERQLLLILIULLQQ LCOHILOL ULILOnGLLLLIKKLLISCIEALCLLLLLLLILZL LLLLSULLLULLuLL LLALALLLHIGRXLUnoNoo e o z oo EE EE TPUG magazine page 25 for full explanations of what they mean In any case the act of fetching the error status will clear the error and cancel the light repeat request will give the OK message since nothing remains outstanding Oops I almost forgot With BASIC 4 0 there is a reserved variable pair set aside for this purpose Variable DS has the error number alone while DS has all four parts as above Say PRINT DS it matches the Wedge command above You cannot use these variables in your own programs if BASIC 4 0 is active But what happens when you have forgotten to put the Wedge into effect and don t have BASIC 4 0 commands You can turn the disk drive off and back on again
73. O BOSS 19 Satisfaction guaranteed 10 day return privilege WICO 3 WAY 32 DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED BAT HANDLE 294 EASY SCRIPT 49 00 NEW FOR HIGH SCHOOL COMMODORE VIC CARTRIDGES ADMINISTRATORS COMMODORE C 64 CARTRIDGES 22 IF A STUDENT WANTS TO DISKS 19 CHANGE HIS TIMETABLE BOX OF 10 WITH THIS AD CAN YOU DO IT 10 Discount to TPUG Members ON SOFTWARE BOOKS AND ACCESSORIES NOT INCLUDING SALE ITEMS TPUG Library Rm Available For Copy Add new students change existing timetables Checks available classes class sizes Displays 32 best timetables that minimize class sizes Lets YOU pick the timetable Prints the new timetable Updates class size Prepares a teachers change list Other reports avaliable TT WYCOR BUSINESS SYSTEMS 170 The Donway West Suite 401 Toronto Canada 263 Tel 416 444 3492 Dufferin St TPUG magazine page 53 New Additions To The TPUG Library Access to library available to TPUG members only NOTE Each List Me File includes the following notation Copyright 91983 by Toronto PET Users Group Inc OK to copy but is not to be sold or published for profit The LIBRARY to which a disk tape belongs is indicated by the library code in brackets This code appears as the first character in the three character identification code C Commodore 64 P PET CBM V VIC 20 S SuperPET If you wish to order disks
74. RG program SEO sequential file REL rela tive fileand USR user file which is rare The last line of the listing has a number from 0 to 664 and the message BLOCKS FREE which indicates the amount of space remaining on the disk With that process of checking complete let s return to the old program Wait just a minute where did it go Look above for the answer The LOAD ofthe directory has behaved just like any other LOAD command it replaces the pro gram in memory with the new one When you issue the above command the Disk Operating System DOS deliv ers the directory of the disk to you but in the form of a BASIC program The LOAD command obediently stores that program destroying your old one Don t tell me that you haven t a copy of that program Don t say that you were just checking available space on the disk tosce whereto SAVE it That s what everybody says the first time they do it and the second and the third Sure Commodore should have provided a non destructive disk command for the directory but they didn t In the military they call that a self inflicted wound If you only had put in the Wedge first The following Wedge commands give you a directory that is just displayed on the screen and not saved anywhere The SPACE bar will pause the display hitting it again will resume it and the STOP key will abort the directory Place the at sign or the greater than symbol in the first col umn
75. T please fill in the form below and send it in to the office North South A few months ago I mentioned that Dorothy Ann Thom of Nanisivik on the north west coast of Baffin Island seemed to be the northern most mem ber of TPUG To date I haven t re ceived any challengers and no one has claimed the title of south ern most member A quick look at the globe indicates to me that Tasmania or the south island of New Zealand will provide the answer Who 1s it Third Annual Conference While I can t report on the actual con ference itself it s almost two weeks away the deadline has passed for pre registration so I can tell you that mem bers from 20 of the 50 United States as well as all 10 Canadian provinces will attend In addition Peter Fontilus of the Netherland Antilles and perhaps one of our Australian members will attend 5 and S I m sure you can easily distinguish the printed 5 and S above but did you ever stop to think how hard it can be to tell the difference when they are handwritten We in the office have the most difficulty with orders for C I S and C T5 Quite often we make a cal culated guess and hope for the best It would help if you added the appropri ate descriptive phrase C TS March 83 and C T5 January 84 Thanks Other Computer Clubs TPUG does have a growing number of computer clubs which have joined as associate members of the group We try to include informat
76. T 15 Acor IARE 7 Tbw amp i A Rege Computers Composition Instruction another ICCE publication is a collec tion of essays wfitten by those with experience in using computers to assist in the difficult process of writing and cirected to teachers of writing It is divided into three major areas the writing process courseware design and courseware selection At the conclu sion of each essay is a brief catalogue of programs to aid the writing process we ocOMENT THE PHLOEM HY Muo FE THE Vou THTERDERAT DWE AME AMD E whe Trees THE OP POsiMis AND DU LET HAL HERE THE CALIULATIONS AUD CHECE Cu LiLo THE COMPUTER AS BRAIN Included with each catalogue entry are the authors the target grades hard ware description and cost No Com modore software 1s listed a program ming challenge And opportunity These are not simply lists of word proc essors but programs to assist all phases of the writing process prewriting pro grams to generate Ideas or reline stu dent thinking somewhat like twenty questions programs that collaborate with the student in developing a thesis and programs that aid 1n editing and revision of topics In the latter case Earl Woodruff Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter Ontario educators examine a series ol programs that assist student writin
77. a licence to reproduce and distribute unchanged copies in the U S A to their members complete C 64 COMAL 0 14 disk is enclosed as my submission to TPUG disk library C 64 COMAL version 2 00 will be available only as a cartridge due FALL 1984 To convert your BASIC C 64 into COMAL put the C 64 COMAL disk in the drive and enter LOAD 8 and then after it loads type RUN Please note there isn t a C 64 COMAL version 1 0 and never was I believe Ian was referring to C 64 0 12 COMAL since he calls it public domain and states 11041 bytes free on boot up both which match that version C 64 COMAL includes the command BACKGROUND However the example BACKGROUND 0 should read BACKGROUND 0 delete the comma COMAL INPUT statements use a colon not a comma and always have The example shown will produce a SYNTAX error on all versions Line 120 should read 0120 INPUT TO T Note COMAL always has 4 digit line numbers TPUG Borge Christensen Tonder Denmark Little Boxes Clear the workspace NEW and the screen lt CLR gt key and type the command AUTO COMAL answers by displaying 0010 and waits for you to type in your first COMAL statement Make it this one 0010 PROC SOSIDE L As soon as you strike the RETURN key COMAL answers 0020 and is ready for your next statement Go ahead with 0020 FORWARD 1 0030 LEFT 90 0040 ENDPROC 0050 0060 PROC SQUARE L 0070 SQSIDE L 0080 SQSI
78. an guage to program In TPUG INA NUTSHELL STARTING FORTH By Leo Brodie Published by Prentice Hall Cost 20 00 to 25 00 C64 FORTH Performance Micro Products 770 Dedham Street S2 Canton Massachusetts 02021 Cost 100 00 PC Documate HARDWARE PROFILE Name PC Documate Model CM 201 Type Plastic template which fits over the keyboard of the VIC 20 Features Printed on the template 15 organized summary of the BASIC language functions commands and statements as well as POKE values relating to the screen mc color and to music programm ing System VIC 20 Summary A well organized summary of reference data for the VIC 20 Contains a misleading color reference Price 12 95 U S Manufacturer Systems Management Associates Available from Systems Management Associates 3700 Computer Drive Dept J 1 P O Box 20025 Raleigh North Carolina 27619 John McEwen Mississauga ON When I first got involved with PETS a few years ago information on how the things worked was hard to come by Hints gleaned from fellow users accu mulated on scraps of paper never to be found if needed Adam Osborne s PET CBM Personal Computer Guide was a welcome arrival but finding things was still hard work When our VIC 20 arrived I was as tounded The thing actually had a guide that the uninitiated could read and start writing programs Within a week of its arrival my two older boys 10 and 13 at the t
79. ancy keys on the Apple continued overleaf TPUG magazine page 11 She considers herself strictly a user picking up her com puter skills by repeated exposure She notes rather ruefully that the children often know more than do about computers I am reminded of this statement a few days later watching young Kevin and John zestfully instruct special education supply teacher Marilyn Hartley on load ing in a program The children are certainly at home with the C 64 Some have actually gotten their own computers since the intro duction of the PET into the school two years previously and the others I spoke to say hopeful things like I m getting one for Christmas Their response is to say the least enthusiastic Joyce Brown buys most of the software herself There are some very good programs available from Ontario Soft ware which arose from several school boards investing money in order to get a wide variety of programs put together on disk and tape These programs are available free of charge to board members but Joyce Brown finds the selection for C 64 s limited She finds herself using com mercial software such as Typing Tutor Bank Street Writer Logo and Bristles to name a few She uses both educational software and games Of the edu cational programs Typing Tutor and the Bank Street Writer word processor are the most heavily used as well as math software for the PET and Apple
80. andings and aerobatics Complete documentation gets you airborne quickly even you ve never flown belore And when you think you re ready you can test your flying with the World War Ace game Flight Simulator II features include over 80 airports in four scenery areas New York Chicago Seattia and Los Angeles wilh Scenery areas available separately day dusk and night fying modes user van bie from clear blue skies grey cloudy conditians m full fight instrumsntaron VOR ILS ADF DME aviarecs a navigation facilitas and course plotng m flight handbook intormatson manual Joystick Gero E cg a Peder Lote VIC 20 SOFTWARE Miner 2049er K 44 95 Lode Runner K 49 95 IFR Flight Simulator K 49 95 MDO001 Snakman 19 95 5013 Astroblitz K 49 95 C S016 Apple Panic 49 95 5017 Choplifter K 49 95 C S018 Black Hole 49 95 ORMO004 Crossfire 29 95 HESC307 Shamus K 49 95 Introduction to Basic I 49 95 Introduction to Basic 49 95 Frantic 19 95 Wacky Waiters 19 95 Requires exp K Cartridge COMMODORE 64 SOFTWARE Triad Disk amp Tape 19 95 Quazar Disk amp Tape 19 95 Music Machine Music Composer cart 32 95 cart 32 95 Sysres 64 79 95 Superbase 64 Database 129 95 Power 64 69 95 Pal 64 69 95 Beachead disk 39 95 Neutral Zone disk 39 95 Blue Max
81. as avail ableatthe TPUG Commodore 64 meeting The only items which have been excluded are the start and finish addresses in both hexidecimal and decimal If you need these they are included in the complete version from the TPUG office for 1 00 Note Programs with a in front of the name in this file will not work in tape there lore they are not included in the tape ver sion ol this disk ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS LIST ME BL Block Length PL Program Length FT File Type CL Classification New MENU System The first 3 programs on this disk are menu programs Simply LOAD M 8and RUN The names ol the first 14 programs on the disk will be displaved If what you want is not visible select 15 This will LOAD the second menu program If you still don t see what you want again pick 15 to LOAD the third menu From menu 3 you LOAD the remaining programs or the prior menu programs If response to this type of menu systern 15 good I will do all of the disks like this EQUIPMENT ASSUMPTION In the program description you should see a line that begins EQUIPMENT RE QUIRED On this line will appear all the necessary peripherals that you will need to operate the program question Please note that it 15 assumed that you have a Commodore 64 and some sort of monitor or television set Therefore these items will not be listed on this line LIST ME C T9 L This file contains docu
82. ase orders from school boards lf you wish to order the total library to date for a specific computer PET SuperPET VIC 20 or Commodore 64 contact the club office to find out how many disks there are currently The cost is 8 00 per disk 4040 format and 10 00 per disk 8050 format These disks are for use with a computer and a disk drive Please send me the following 3 Letter No 4040 or 8050 Code Description Format Price Total 00 TAPES To order VIC 20 or Commodore 64 library tapes send 6 00 for each tape 1 you wish to order the total library to date for the VIC 20 or Commodore 64 contact the club office to find out how many tapes there are currently The cost is 5 00 per tape order PET CBM or Commodore Educational Softwware tapes send 10 00 for each tape These tapes are for use with computer and a datasette If for a PET computer what model Basic 1 0 20 40 XY 3 Letter No Code Description Price 00 magazine page 55 C 64 LIBRARY NOTES David Bradley Toronto ON The Disks Some of you may be wondering about the M disks that were listed in the June issue of the TPUG Magazine To put it simply they are monthly disks that we didn t have months for I got such a flood of stuff in that if I didn t do something it would be liter ally Christmas before all of the stuff I had in February would be released And then I would still have every t
83. at on a VIC 20 you can get approximately 1000 cells and on a Commodore 64 about 2000 cells The two colour manual is a simple step by step guide It includes some practical examples of spreadsheets for a house hold budget heating and electric usage stock portfolio rental property analysis and more Price 43 50 U S for a cassette version and 47 50 U S for a disk version Contact New Leaf Inc 120 Lynnhaven Belleville IL 62223 MOM OMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOM Prompter from Transierra Technology The Prompter is a die cut overlay for the Commodore 64 and VIC 20 computers With more and more softwares avail able that utilize the 4 functions keys on these computers it may become difficult to remember what commands or infor mation has been assigned to these keys The Prompter solves the problem The overlay is cut from a special plastic that is flexible enough to pass through a typewriter without damage It stores with disk or in the cassette case Together with the overlays come preprinted labels that are shaded to indicate the shifted function kevs as well as unshifted ones The whole package includes 10 overlays 20 preprinted labels 20 title labels and instructions Price 5 95 U S plus 25 for postage handling and if a California resident 8 36 tax Send cheque or m o to Transierra Technology P O Box 1028 Madera CA 93639 GREAT IMPRESSIONS Personal And Business Printers Dual DP WP Graphics Full Colour
84. awing the picture playing the music and moving onto the next poem Sort of a demo mode Storybook seems to be a routine aimed at beginning readers the first four lines of the poem are written slowly while the accompanying illustration is drawn The child has a longer time to read the poem As in Storytime this is repeated until all thirty poems have been displayed The poems chosen for Hey Diddle Did dle are all old favorites taken from such sources as Mother Goose and A Child s Garden Of Verse I m heart ened at Spinnaker s decision to use classic poems rather than contempo rary ones Kids see little enough real literature in daily life and it certainly can t hurt them to see and speak their own language correctly I m curmud geon enough to be thoroughly dis gusted by a generation of kids whose language model 1s T V Allin all Hey Diddle Diddle is one of the most likeable software packages I ve seen in any category TPUG pitstop Rich Westerman St Anne ILL PITSTOP from Epvx Cartridge For C 64 34 95 U 5 Pitstop is a Grand Prix racing simula tion arcade game with a twist There are plenty of racing simulations out by now for both the VIC 20and the C 64 Some good some not All involve steering vour car over a course some fancv some simple while avoiding various hazards and pitfalls Pitstop is a bit different First of all it is the most polished of the racing sim
85. ble at most post offices Be sure to include your name and adddress clearly printed out Most Dutch read English by the age of twelve but they can t read minds Have fun with BASICODE I certainly have TPUG Editors note Mr Spencer provided pro grams for mos Commodore computers Because of lack of space we are publish ing only the C 64 version here All the programs have been given to the TPUG librarians for inclusion in the club library lum ee ee ccu Ccc E x M Mee Der pp ceci w eec Se c L ES H e T r H c M Mueve c Ta AWA qta l E a a lla erint letti E ny i my yt XE Ipa hi e cC Ua heim Ti i jm ym lin D j TLL Ah ool P mi rectum vo C C D Pi pa PI pi PI pi DI em orm m m pa E ulla Peint Sy spe ther frre turers Dt peers Trcreg rit letti srg jis WES intipa eo cheb aetinmfiretunn poleengq2zue 15 pakesd4d2 B58 295 polkeB5dz 3 95 pbpbnbe54d2 5 7 1 Eitan g 1 Fare tx 1 Fete ethers red arsar mid str EC int
86. book concerns not its contents but its presentation This is after all supposed to be a book which teaches something and educa tors are supposed to know effective ways of presenting material so that it can be easilv learned Every would be teacher learns to argue FROM specific examples TO abstract principles Effec tive textbooks do the same thing This book does not Within their own com munity it seems educators do not always practice what they preach Most PAT PEND REDUCES DISKETTE COST 50 Make use of the back of your 574 Diskettes and SAVE e NOTCH tools make it easy Adds the precise notch where you need it e Doubles diskette space or MONEY BACK NOTCH I Cuts square notch for users of Apple H 11 IIl Franklin and Commodore only 1 4 95 each add 1 50 each Postage amp Handling 4 50 each foreign P amp H MBBLE NOTCH Cuts square notch inch round index hole For use with computers other than those shown above only 21 90 each add 2 50 each Postage amp Handling 6 50 each foreign P amp H Florida Residents Add 5 Sales Tax SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR YOUR MONEY BACK ORDER TODAY SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO MBBLE NOTCH COMPUTER PRODUCTS 4211 NW 75th TERRACE DEPT 1 5 LAUDERHILL FL 33319 teachers are also well accustomed to using visual aids wherever possible A well presented illustration or graph can co
87. by your 1541 The following program will enable you to test your drive to see if it is ok 10 OPEN 15 8 15 20 PRINT 15 V0 30 INPUT 15 A B 40 PRINT A B 50 CLOSE 15 Enter the above program insert the 1541 TEST DEMO diskette and type RUN Now watch the red light on the front of the disk drive It should be red and should not flicker until the message 26 WRITE PROTECT ON appears on the screen If the red light does flicker then the drive needs to be aligned If you can hear a tapping noise then it must be done as soon as possible Test Criteria 2 An easy way to test whether the STEP MOTOR can read all 35 tracks is to run the PERFORMANCE TEST on the 1541 TEST DEMO diskette One of the checks that it per forms is to read and write to both track 1 and track 35 If your drive passes this performance test then the second criteria for head alignment has been satisfied If both these procedures are repeated every week or so you will be able to eatch any head alignment problems before they get too bad The Diskaligner allows you to align the read write head of your disk drive whenever it is needed Since it can cost between 35 and 70 to have this done by a dealer the 30 for the program is well worth the price One word of caution Dismantling your disk drive will void your warranty However if you are still within the warranty period you can get the disk aligned free of charge OUR DESI
88. c CBM is a registered trademark of Commo dore Electronics Ltd TPUG Magazine is printed in Canada Mailed at Toronto ON and Buffalo NY Send change of address to TPUG Inc Address Changes 1912 A Avenue Rd Ste 1 Toronto ON M5M 4A Subscription 15 500 Newsstand 8 000 ISSN 80825 0367 Distributed bv Compulit Micron Distributors PO Box 352 Port Coquitlam B C V3C 4K6 604 464 1221 Access Computer Services 630B Magnetic Drive Downsview ON M3 2C4 416 736 4402 Dealers Inquiries ONLY 1 800 268 1238 409 Queen 51 W Toronto ON M5V 2A5 416 593 9862 Subscripuon related inquiries are handled ONLY with TPUG TPUG CONTACTS TPUG Board of Directors Michael Bonnycastle 416 654 2381 President Vice President Vice President Treasurer Recording Sec Business Man Asst Bus Man TPUG Magazine Publisher Editor Asst Editor Ad Manager Meeting Co ordinators Brampton Central Commodore 64 Comal Communications Eastside Machine Language SuperPET VIC 20 Westside Librarians Commodore 64 French PET SuperPET VIC 20 Assistant Bulletin Boards Conference Chris Bennett Gord Campbell Carol Shevlin John Shepherd Bruce Beach Rosemary Beasley Gary Croft Mike Donegan John Easton Gerry Gold Louise Redgers Chris Bennett Doris Bradley Chris Bennett David Williams Sandra Waugh Diane Hoffmann Gary Ledez 416 782 9252 416 492 9518 c o 416 782 8900
89. cate the range of the procedure I shall return to the facility of structured listing in more detail later If by looking at the listing you discover that a statement 15 missing say between 70 and 80 simply type it in by manually numbering it 75 like you would do in BASIC After that you can use the RENUM command to make the listing look more orderly Now type RUN and watch COMAL switch to turtle mode hires graphics with a sprite indicating the pen s position The turtle is waiting at its HOME position and the cursor is placed in the upper left corner of the screen Try to type SOSIDE 40 Press RETURN and watch how the turtle draws a line and then turns Then press lt CRSR UP gt to scroll the com mand on the top line of the screen Press RETURN to have the command executed again Another line is drawn and yet another turn is made By doing this two times more you should end up having a square on the screen with the turtle back in its HOME position Type CLEAR to clear the graphics screen Then type SOUARE 40 SQUARE 50 Press lt RETURN gt after each command SQUARE 60 Each command is a procedure call SQUARE 20 You should now have this picture on the screen SQSIDE 40 PROC SQSIDE L ENDPROC SQSIDE PROC SQUARE L Note It may be that the square on your screen Is not quite true because the vertical and horizontal scale are a little out of proportion Unless you can adjust your d
90. cept when actually loading or reading data 12 We veterans of PETdom have had lots of chances to learn from the pros Kar Hildon was Commodore s techni cal expert before he moved to BMB to continue The Transactor magazine Karl s favourite recommendation 15 to close the disk drive door after the command has been issued and after the disk starts to spin The door closure brings down a hub which centres the diskette in the drive If the door is closed gently and maybe wiggled open and shut a few times the diskette gets a better chance to be centred or registered After backing up thousands of disks for TPUG I am confi dent that this procedure eliminated scads bad copies Stay tuned as there will probably be more additions to the commandments Perhaps you d like to share one Pass on your comments through the Editor and let all of us benefit Wedge As mentioned last time this program is essential for disk handling when vou do not have the luxury of built in disk commands The latter would be the case if you have a PET CBM with Basic 4 0 a VIC20 with the V LINK Richvale Telecommunications or a C 64 with the BUSCARD Batteries Included or the C 64 LINK Richvale Other devices software are also available to provide these commands i e Basic Aid for PET CBM and Tiny Aid for C 64 Version 2 Without the above venture to sav that you are hand culfed in dealing with the disk drive for two impo
91. customized application It is also the preferred language for teaching programming skills The PASCAL COMPILER therefore should prove useful to both com puter students and those who find that off the shelf software does not meet their needs or is not easily adaptable The PASCAL COMPILER generates efficient native code for the C 64 resulting in fast executing programs demanded by the business scientific enviroment The following utilities are provided as an aid to programming development a linker allowing for combining assembler code into the program debugging facilities and an editor The documentation provides a tutorial on Pascal program development through the compilation process as well as offering the user an easy access reference Retail price 15 approximately 50 U S Inquiries should be directed to Lymbic Systems 560 San Antonio Rd Suite 202 Palo Alto Califor nia 94306 415 424 0168 TPUG magazine page 51 arade product parade product parade produc ESP gt Calc from New Leaf Inc ESP gt Calc was designed for those people who are not experi enced users of spreadsheets New Leaf Inc has simplified the entry data and arithmetic operations which makes ESP 7Calc easy to use However it also has functions neces sary to do complicated financial models ESP gt Calc will run on both VIC 20 and Commodore 64 ESP gt Calc s maximum spreadsheet size is only limited by the computer s memory This means th
92. dered from the University of Oregon which covers this very topic Realizing that it contains only about fifty pages of text vou give a sigh of relief and decide to skip lunch for the third time this week to make time to read it Would the book help you Well maybe You would soon discover that it con tains an extensive bibliography of other books and articles you could read just what you always wanted You would also soon find that most of the rest of the book consists of an abstract of these other works It reads somewhat like a university thesis in which every sig nificant point 1s supported with refer ences to other authors And in good academic style it starts with generali ties and works its way towards specif ics The titles of the four chapters illus trate this In order they are The Com puter Revolution in Education Using Computers in the Classroom Guide lines for Bringing Computers into the Schools and finally Case Studies The facts tend to be left until the end I do not want to give the impression that I think this is a bad book On the contrary as I read it through I found myself frequently nodding my head in agreement It contains useful sum maries of ways in which computers are being used in American schools both for teaching and for administration and it has a lot of information which should be valuable to administrators if they can find it My main criticism of the
93. disk 42 95 Grand Master Chess disk amp tape 39 95 Fort Apocalypse disk 42 95 Survivor disk 42 95 Jumpman disk 49 95 Jumpman Junior cart 54 95 Shamus disk 42 95 Lode Runner disk 49 95 Personality Analyzer disk 29 95 m Lit BOOKS Anatomy of the Commodore 64 24 95 Commodore 64 Exposed 19 95 Sprite Graphics for C 64 20 95 Machine Language for Beginners 18 95 64 Sound amp Graphics 18 95 PET Basic 19 95 VIC 20 Prog Reference Guide 29 95 Elementary Commodore 64 18 95 C64 Prog Reference Guide 27 95 VIC Revealed 18 95 VIC Graphics 18 95 VIC Games 18 95 Compute s first book of PET CBM 619 95 Compute s first book of Commodore 64 18 95 COMPUTER SUPPLIES C10 Cassette Tapes 1 00 ea C20 Cassette Tapes 1 25 ea Cassette Boxes 25 ea Verbatim Disks 0525 01 44 00 10 Memorex Disks 013481 33 90 10 Nashua Disks SS DD 29 90 10 K10 Disk Storage Box 5 95 Flip Sort Storage Box 39 95 PET CBM SOFTWARE POWER 8040 80 col 4 0 sys 4040 40 col 4 0 sys 119 95 JOYSTICKS Kraft Joystick 19 95 WICO Power Grip 39 95 WICO Track Ball 69 95 WICO Red Ball 44 95 Commodore Joystick 9 95 Joysticks will fit VIC 20 or Commodore 64 computers MISCELLANEOUS RAMAX VIC 20 Memory Expansion Board To equal the total memory of you would have to buy a 16k Memory Expansion PLUS an 8k Expansion PLUS 3k Expansion THEN
94. e It could have been very attractive for a program writer to offset some of his or her costs with a small reward at the same time allowing and encouraging free distribution of the programs concerned But we learn from negative results as well as positive ones So since it looks like financial rewards are impractical for small programs you ll have to go for fame Donate your next program to vour club s library but be sure that it starts by printing vour name prominently on the screen That way users will know who wrote this wonderful piece of code Or alternatively thev ll know who to blame TPUG VIC 20 64 SPEED DIFFERENCES Roger D Burge London ON Whats the difference between a Com modore 64 and a VIC 207 No it s not 44 It s usually speed This may come as a surprise to all the proud C 64 owners reading this but the VIC 20 15 faster You usually won t notice the difference but it s there nonetheless You will notice it if you re writing a program especially a game that fea tures animation and sound or when you type in a BASIC game from a magazine and you see the VIC 20 run ning at a friend s place Then you see the spaceships zooming along through the asteroid belt while vour C 64 rocket chugs along your screen with the gusto of a VW Beetle To be fair though many BASIC pro grammers have gotten around the speed problems The problem is how do vou do it and why do you have a speed
95. e a poor fit but let s proceed anyway Choose the first forecasting model the simple linear As we can see from Table I the equa tion for this model is x a b i This is the equation for a straight line Tho vaviable x is what we are trying to forecast 1 e the monthly beer sales in thousands of cases The variable t is the time in months measured from the start of the sixty months of historical data The parameter a is the intercept at t 0 and b is the slope of the straight line The program examines all sixty points of data and in 21 seconds calculates the intercept and slope of the straight line passing through them that best fits the data At the top of the screen are two columns headed Linear Coefficients and Std Error of Estimate The first coefficient 20 46 1s the intercept a The second 132 is the slope b The standard errors to the right of these coefficients tell us to what degree of precision we know the coefficients The most useful figure the screen however is the standard deviation of forecast error 4 3 This tells us that 95 of the data points are within plus or minus twice this of our straight line Write down this figure because we should be able to get a better fit with another model The program then asks 1f we wish to see a graph of error vs time As expected the error cycles about the zero mid point indicating that we need a better model that takes seasonalit
96. e and that way it ll be close at hand for each session The C 64 version 15 in two parts on the TEST DEMO disk The first part is identified as 64 WEDGE and the other partis DOS 5 1 The former is in BASIC and is a so called boot program When you LOAD the C 64 WEDGE and RUN it this program performs a LOAD of the second program This part is the machine language part and it is parked in high memory not where BASIC programs reside The boot program ensures that the machine language goes where it belongs Do not LOAD the DOS 5 1 yourself as there s nothing to be gained If vou LIST the C 64 WEDGE program you will see what it s doing The SYS command there causes the Wedge program to be activated place a copy of the Wedge programs on each of your disks poses a problem Only the 64 WEDGE can be LOADed and SAVEd from BASIC to another disk Unless you are familiar with a machine language monitor such as SUPERMON 64 by Jim Butterfield you have no easy way to copy the DOS 5 1 part to another disk Bob Fairbairn the creator of this work has done an excellent job in adding lots of features to the C 64 version It isan abomination that continued on next page page 24 TPUG magazine he didn t finish the job by making it possible for others to transfer it to their own disks If vou have a copy of 64 WEDGE REL2 the above diatribe doesn t apply to you With twenty minutes worth of effor
97. e by schocls across the USA TYPING TUTOR WORD INVADERS Commodore 64 Tape 21 95 Commodore 64 Disk 24 95 VIC 20 unexpanded Tape 21 95 REALISTIC AIRCRAFT RESPONSE Has a quality of realism which sets it apart from others even those l ve tested in flight school Compute s Gazette Great program 64 It is tremendous fun Compute s Gazette Flight tested by an air traffic controller two skilled pilots and an elementary school class Highly recommended by all Midnite Gazette This is an unbelievably realistic simulation of the difficulties facing a pilot in instrument fly ing Pm 747 pilot and think that this simulation could do a lot to improve the reactions and instrument scan habits Of even very experienced pilots 747 pilot IFR FLIGHT SIMULATOR Commodore 64 Tape or Disk 29 95 VIC 20 unexpanded Cartridge 39 95 JOYSTICK REQUIRED Shipping and handling 1 00 per ENNENR ocer CA residents add 6 tax ACADEMY SOFTWARE P O Box 6277 San Rafael CA 94903 415 499 0850 Programmers Write to our New Program Manager concerning any exceptional Commodore 64 program you have developed FLIGHT SIMULATOR ACADEMY SOFTWARE compu simple simon COMPARE our LOW PRICES to others advertised in this issue FLIGHT SIMULATOR II SubLOGIC 51 99 BLUE MAX Synapse 35 99 NECROMANCER Synapse 35 99
98. eable with other cartridges APPLICATIONS e Time saver where disk usage is high Software development Large programs using overlays Software requiring large data storage Use with data bases or spreadsheets Save multiple graphic screens Use as a second drive Minimize diskette swap ping VIDEO 80 The VIDEQO 80 is a high quality BO column cartridge RAMDISIK 64 and VIOED 80 use the COMMDDDODRE 6 4 expansion slot An optional extender board 654 or motherboard is required PRICES 51 49 VW IEJES CAE EJ oic Ho ire mda 599 Extender Board 510 Calif residents add 6 sales tax Add 5 shipping and handling VISA Mascer Charge COD accepted Personal checks require two weeks to clear Order by phone or mail PRICES QUOTED IN U S FUNDS ENHANCE YOUR COMMODORE 64 MORE ABOUT DISK EMULATION SOFTWARE e Allows 16 directory entries or 63 5 kbytes of storage Compatible with BASIC commands OPEN CLOSE GETH INPUT PRINT Supports PRG and SEO files e Treat RAMDISK 64 as device 15 user change able e OTHER FEATURES TOO NUMEROUS TO MENTION HERE FEATURES e columns x 25 lines display 256 character set with full Ascii and reverse letters e Flicker free crisp display even during scrolling Compatible with BASIC and the KERNAL e Includes customizing video r
99. ed into something that you and your printer can understand For example Cursor up will be printed as lt up gt Cursor down will be printed as lt dn gt Cursor left will be printed as le Cursor right will be printed as rt MST J s Q M X sn TPUG magazine page 59 A handy utility to have if you have an ASCII printer LIST ASCII 9D C LOAD as follows LOAD LIST ASCH 9D C 8 BL 12 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required printer C M6 New MENU System The first 2 programs on this disk are menu programs Simply LOAD M 8 and RUN The names of the first 14 programs on the disk will be displaved 1f what you want is not visible select 15 This will LOAD the second menu program From menu 2 you can LOAD the remaining programs or the prior menu program If response to this type of menu system 15 good I will do all of the disks like this EQUIPMENT ASSUMPTION In the program description you should see a line that begins EQUIPMENT RE QUIRED On this line will appear all the necessary peripherals that you will need to operate the program in question Please note that it is assumed that you have a Commodore 64 and some sort of monitor or television set Ther
100. ed trend line with less error than can linear functions The simplest such qua dratic function 1s equation 7 Note that equations 7 to 12 are quadratic versions of equations to 6 For our beer sales data the quadratic equations give a slightly better fit Try several other models Examine the error graphs The mode that fits our data the best is no 8 but it 1s also the most continued on next page pave 28 magazine complex and takes the longest to calculate For most purposes a model such as no 9 or 10 would be far more convenient and quite adequate Once the model has been chosen the program will then calculate a forecast lor any reasonable period in tho future These seasonal models should only be used for medium term forecasts For long term forecasts usc the simple lin ear or simple quadratic models In the next article we will look at the program forest ma 8 This program produces short term forecasts using moving averages and seasonality factors TPUG DISKALIGNER A User s Review Chris Bennett Business Manager Diskaligner 15 a program designed to allow anyone to align the read write heads of the 1541 disk drive The program 15 available from G R Q Marketing P O Box 197 Thornhill Ontario Canada L3T 3N3 for 29 95 Canadian plus 7 in Ontario Using this program one Sunday afternoon I was able to align the read write heads of two 154 and two 2031 disk drives The 2031 is
101. eds Latching Keys TASH supplies mechanical key latches for VIC 20 and Commodore computers These allow a user of onlv one finger or perhaps a headstick poking at one kev at a time to keep the CONTROL or COMMODORE keys pressed down while another key is being selected Like a SHIFT LOCK key the latch must be pressed again to unlock it but there is enough clearance for others to use the keys without the latch In the future it might be possible to change the keyboard handling software to have an optional hold until the next key 1s pressed routine non volatile memory or in particular software package Keyguards Some people have tremors in their hands which make it difficult to select one key at a time They can use a Keyguard which is a plate that covers the whole keyboard and has a chamfered hole over each key With it the user can support her hand and poke her finger through the hole for the key she wants People who use keyguards tend to dislike auto repeating keys Keyguards and mechanical latches are simple adaptations that could be made at home or in a school workshop They must be designed for the particular model of computer that is being used Another computer would likely require a different design altogether Replacement Keyboards Some computer users find that the existing computer key board will not suit their needs There are aftermarket key boards with numeric keypads others with pr
102. efore these items will not be listed on this line LIST ME C M6 L This file contains one line documentation for the programs C M6 If you have a printer print it out and keep it close by STAR TREK INST C LOAD as follows LOAD STAR TREK INST C8 BL 27 FT PRG CL INSTRUCTIONS This file contains a lot of information that you will need to know BEFORE you attempt to play STAR TREK 84 C So please LOAD and RUN this program first STAR TREK 84 C LOAD as follows LOAD STAR TREK 84 0 8 BL 181 FT PRG CL GAME This is another version of STAR TREK It was written by Mike Omotani Mike decided to add a lot of new commands to the game to make life for you the captain of the Starship Enterprise a bit easier Many of the commands may be unfamiliar to many of you captains that are used to the Enter prise before Mike got his hands on it so the following isa list of the commands you will need to know to operate this new Enterprise This program will list the program in mem ory to an ASCII printer All you have todo is enter SYS 40192 All of the cursor movements will be trans lated into something that you and your printer can understand For example NAV To set course SRS For short range sensor scan LRS For long range sensor scan PHA To fire phasers TOR To fire photon torpedoes SHE Status of shields DAM For damage control reports COM To call on library
103. ential search does not require that the table be sorted if ine 4030 is removed from the listing If this is done the entire table 15 search from beginning to end until either the item 15 found or the end of table is encountered Let us assume the following KY 1000 is the table being searched K is the search argument NV is the number of items in the table P is ZERO if not found or a value from 1 to NV indicating the position within the table that the item has been found In the sample program there are four sections of code 120 200 Defines the array and fills it with 1000 values from aaa to jj 1000 1140 This allows you to test the time it takes to find a value in the table using either search method 4000 4060 This is the sequential search routine 7000 7080 This 1s the binary search routine When the program is run is filled with 1000 values starting at aaa and ending with jjj After about 30 seconds the prompt S B KEY shows on the screen Enter two values separated by acomma The first value must be either s for sequential or b for binary search technique The second value is the three character code to find in the table ie b dce does a binary search of the table looking for the value dce After the search is completed the time taken to find the key is printed in seconds not found 1s printed if the value 1s not in the table Some sample timings in seconds
104. ers the Harbour ront area of Toronto 18 something to see in itself but with a micro computer mini world there you can t alford to pass it up when vou visit Toronto 7PUG Photos by Rob Baxter magazine page 13 FILES Whatever you have in mind Mailing Lists Recipes Book Titles Authors Personnel Accounts Inventory eto eto YOU NEED FILES FILE DISK 1 Creates Opens and Closes sequential files for you It willlet you write to a new file or add append to an existing file andenable you to read your files to the computer screen or your printer EASY TO USE FILES FOR NEW USERS Don t wait to start using the power of your 64 Start using FILES FILE DISK 1 FILE DISK 2 Lets you create RELATIVE files FAST EASY Almost INSTANT ACCESS to any record Hundreds of records in one Only 12 95 file Up to 20 fields in each record Access records by or by key field Create Write Find Read Change Delete or Print any record Set your own file size and field names Your own data base FILE DISK 2 EASY FRIENDLY Only 819 95 FILE DISK programs are all written in BASIC that you can list and study your own programs improve you copy routines that error check sound alarms etc FILE DISK programs are Menu FILE DISK 5 Driven and include TUTOR routines to help you Also includes Both 18 2 complete printed instructions 29 95 FRIENDLY SO
105. execution The fix is simple LOAD the program Delete line 3 And re save the program That s it Thanks Contributors At this time I would like to say thank vou to everyone who has sent in pro grams for the Commodore 64 library I don t just mean the people here in Toronto I mean the people all across Canada New Zealand Australia The Netherlands The United States of America and everyone else that has submitted programs Remember one man s junk is another mans treasure In other words I am sull looking for more 7un or trea sure if you rather Disk Tip Here is one that they don t display in any of the disk envelopes that I have ever seen When you mark your disks be sure to never use pen or any other writing utensil with a hard tip If vou are not extremelv careful you will dam age your disk The damage as a rule will not show up until you are saving the most crucial file of your life Ifall you have isa pen write on the sticker before you put it on the disk The best thing do isrun or walk out and get a felt tip marker Staying Cool One of my biggest worries when I first got my C 64 was heat It didn t take long for me to realize that a small res taurant could operate over the C 64 s power supply and the 1541 disk drive So I went out toa local hardware store and spent about 40 on a variable speed oscillating fan I set it up so it would blow on both my 1541 and the power supp
106. f not 8 then quit Decrement row Admit If not 8 then quit Decrement row Increment column Endguess Return continued on next page page 38 magazine Move Z Initialize Z move counters Loop Set Z pointer to 0 Loop Calculate new Z position Guess If Z has not been killed then quit Admit Z has not moved then quit Admit Compare new Z position to current Y position If no match then quit Set game end to true Admit Compare new Z position to current O positions If no match then quit If O depth is zero then quit Eliminate Z Admit Compare new Z position to other Z positions If no match then quit Admit Move Z to new Z position Decrement Z move counter Endguess Increment Z pointer Until Z pointer Total Z or game end is true Until all Z move counters are 0 or game end is true Return Calculate new Z position Set new Z position to current position Calculate Y row Z row Save row difference Calculate Y col Z col Save column difference Calculate absolute values of row and column differences If abs row diff gt abs column diff If Y row gt or Z row Increment Z row Else Decrement Z row Endif Else If Y col gt or Z col Increment Z col Else Decrement Z col Endif Endif Return dual drive Mode floppy disk C commodors 19090 HARD DISK call Chris Bennett Business Manager for further information 416 782 9252 WANTED
107. g They mention both the weaknesses and the strengths ol the program called EXPLORE Such criticisms allow potential users of the program to anticipate and compen sate for perceived weakness in the courseware Overall the ICCE series of booklets there 1s a bibliography on the back of each the list of topics is extensive which offer ideas not only to instruc tors in computer studies but also to teachers and students in other disci plines as well seem to be a worth while addition to any school s curricu lum 7PUG magazine page 47 Administrators Guide To Computers In The Classroom David Williams Toronto Ont Imagine you are a school administra tor Your desk is loaded with papers concerning curricula building main tenance proposed dates for next year s P D days and evaluation reports on a thousand teachers The police have just called to ask your advice concern ing a dozen teenagers who recently robbed a drugstore Last night you went to a meeting which was addressed by a politician who was full of propos als to cut your budget even further The letter you are reading is from the president of the Concerned Parents Association asking what you are doing to improve the quality of Computer Aided Instruction a topic which causes you twinges of apprehension because you are aware that your knowl edge of it is scanty Suddenly you notice that in your IN tray is a copy of a book you or
108. g ali read write tracks 1 thr ougb 35 as well as the residual tracks from testing the diskette from the factory These innermost tracks that are lighter in intensity would be used if the Commodore format was 40 tracks vs 35 tracks Fig 5 is the same format with the diskette having been bulk erased with a magnet before formatting This shows how to effectively remove all data on a diskette surface If a drive is designed to compensate for the more stringent requirements of Group Code Record format then the chances of using single density diskettes with fewer problems better which seems to be the case with the 2040 4040 drives Now with the introduction of the 1540 1541 drives some problems became more pronounced the most obvious being reading and writing incompatibility or so it seemed lor tbe majority of users between 4040 format diskettes and 1540 1541 format diskettes Some attempts to format a diskette on a 1540 1541 drive then write on this same diskette in a 4040 drive worked sometimes Problems reading diskettes between types of drives were also obvious he problem stems from the different width of the data cells on the diskette surface If the disk operating system is told to write a block of data using 1541 format the cell structure is wider thus covering more area in the header data for that block Now if you should write to that same area using a 4040 format vou will fit header data in a shorter section
109. gram providing instant and clearly defined tabs indentation and centering Other features include multi line headings and footings mail merge for names addresses and labels underlining and bold facing full scrolling capabilities and Products Announcements As a source of information we use news releases sent to TPUG Magazine by various soft and 5 hardware manufacturers and distributors We hope that our 6 x readers will find this new feature useful Please write to us if 3 A l ft V d LAE function keys to page forward and backward global search and replace and it supports wide variety of printers OMNIWRITER is fully integrated with OMNISPELLER a 30 000 word spelling checker which highlights misspelled words and can be expanded to include the jargon needs of any professional Each program includes a quick reference card a keyboard overlay and a complete reference manual OMNIWRITER OMNISPELLER 15 distributed through Micron Distributing or 1s available at your local computer store at a price of 85 95 Y oc C OO OO OO OO XX SADI Communications Interface and Printer Adapter from Connecticut microComputer Inc The CmC SADI is a microprocessor based interface designed to allow communication between Commodore and CBM computers and a wide range of devices including serial and parallel printers CRTs modems acoustic couplers hardcopy terminals and other computers SADI s two independent port
110. he leader 15 five seconds of stop bit 2400 Hz The ASCII char acter START Text 82 follows then the BASIC information in ASCII followed by the ASCII character End of Text hex 83 Then comes a check sum which is derived by exclusive oving each byte sent with the byte pre viouslv sent The checksum is eight bits long The tape trailer is another seconds of stop bit 2400 2 How seriously should you take NOS BASICODE 2 Will it be just a flash in the pan I cannot prophesv but do you remember that there used to be several compcting tape standards in the music industry and then there were only two namely eight track and cassette and now most shops seem to carry only one I also remember that the format that now predominates was invented in the Netherlands and licensed on extremely generous terms in order to make it successful Sounds familiar doesn t it And what terms could be more generous than making everything public domain continued overleaf TPUG magazine page 41 Weekly radio programs in the Nether lands use NOS BASICODE 2 to trans mit programs of general interest to the computing public and listeners within range of 2000 km of the trans mitters have apparently reported perfect or near perfect copy The Radio Netherlands transcription ser vice carries an English language pro gram Radio Activity freely avail able to any radio station in North America which uses NOS BAS
111. hing else that came in since February to take care of So just treat the disks as you would C T6 or any other monthly disk Star Trek V2 Anv of vou that have plaved Dave Neale sStar Trek game know how good itis Well Dave has been working hard since February when V1 was released and he is almost finished V2 It has many new features For example vou can now take prisoners and interro wate them to find out where other Klingon ships are hiding the stars have been changed to planets the Klingons will fire at you 1f you don t fire at them within a random period of time and much much more If you want to see V2 in the TPUG library be sure and send Dave the 2 that he requested Otherwise he alone will have the best Star Trek game in the galaxy Strange Printers Some people have written and called me to complain that some of the pro grams won t print to their printer Some programs won t work with all printers Since I have an MPS 801 I test the programs with that and if they work they go into the library If a certain program doesn t like your non Com modore printer I m sorry but I didn t volunteer to change programs so that they will work with strange equipment Like I have said many times The onlv wav to guarantee vour peripherals will be 100 compatible is to stick to Commodore equipment Fix for MOVING SIGN C Many of you may have noticed that the program MOVING SIGN C crashes very soon into
112. his is a program LOA Ded and executed by REL FILE BOOT C SPRITE DATA C LOAD as follows LOAD SPRITE DATA C 8 BL 14 PRG CL UTILITY This program will allow you to design a sprite on your monitor and then when you are finished it provides you with the DATA statements for your sprite That way you can create your sprites save them to your disk or tape as programs and later merge them into a program that uses them Handy eh SUPER MIND C LOAD as follows LOAD SUPER MIN D C 5 BL 30 FT PRG CL GAME This program is just like the game MAS TERMIND You have to try and figure out what combination of colours the computer is hiding When you guess the computer will tell you how many of the colours that vou have picked are in the solution 1f the colour is OK but it is in the wrong position you will get a white circle If the colour is OK and it is in the right position you get a black circle From the white and black circles vou have to figure out which colours are in the solution You have eight guesses to find the solution sothink every move out VERY carefully Good luck LABEL MAKER C LOAD as follows LOAD LABEL MA 8 BL 64 FT PRG CL BUSINESS Equipment required 5 601 or 1526 printer This program allows you to makeup labels for disksor whatever else you want to label It allows you to keep within the program various labels that you use often If you do add to the program be
113. ical requirements of Group Code Record format Some people may say I ve been using single sided single density diskettes all along and never had any trouble This may seem to be the case but there usually comes a time when a user starts writing or modify ing programs as well as just copying programs from one diskette to another When this happens vou start to do many reads and writes to from the same area on a diskette This increases the chance for diskette induced data error or a loss of data on a diskette This will show up in a number of wavs such as a program missing a line number putting strange characters in random locations or just not being able to read a data file The following pictures fig 1 through fig 4 are enlarged photographs taken with a camera mounted on a high power microscope of formatted diskette surfaces after depositing iron powder particles on the magnetized tracks magnetized by the read write heads Fig 1 and fig 2 are of Cromemco diskettes fig 1 of a single density format and fig 2 of a dual density format Cromemco uses the IBM 3740 3741 data format for single density recording and the IBM dual density format These are included so you can compare the physical differences between the standard single and dual density data formats and Commodore formats The lines that are perpendicular to the tracks are the actual magnetic changes in the diskette surface or data cells The same disk drive
114. icked everything you want to copy but still a lot of disks to go through once you answer N tooneof the programs if you press RETURN it will skip past the rest of the programs on the disk auto matically Nice eh l hope this clears things up for some of you Good luck BIG SET C LOAD as follows LOAD BIG SET C 8 DL 40 FT PRG CL UTILITY This program will alter the Commodore 64 s character set in such a way that you can make characters 4 times the size of the stan dard characters How you ask Well suppose you wanted to print out the word BALD To make the big characters work you have to put the standard character followed by the capital character on the first line On the second you have to do the same except put them in reverse field Sound hard Don t worry it really isn t When you LOAD and RUN this program just read the instructions carefully and look at what they have done Good luck SINE IN C LOAD as follows LOAD SINE 8 BL 4 FT PRG CL DEMO After you input a word thts program will dis play your word in a sine wave pattern down your monitor DIRECTOR Y C LOAD as follows LOAD TINY DIREC TORY C 6 BL 6 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive M PS 801 or 1526 printer page 58 TPUG magazine This program will print out the directory of your disk in a 2 column format DISK MAP C LOAD as follows LOAD DISK MAP C 8 BL 44
115. idges are Toronto PET Users 17839 new they have not been used very much Michael 2 333353 53 211 S Minn Ave St Peter MN 56082 USA ycor Business Systems 53 page 64 TPUG magazine as fast as you need it or interest with Superbase 64 want it you have a totally flexible record system as big as you uu 25 D i J 12 w o lt a Precision Software USA Inc 1675 York Avenue Suite 110 NEW YORK rre 10128 Software 212 410 3418 Superbase gives you unrivalled control in home or Create your own office business or formats enter your records The World Famous Commodore 64 ecision change layouts and datafields 4 Pre professional practice with a range of features including Developing a mind for the Future COLOR 80 SUPER BASIC 46 95 con Gives you 3 different versions of Commodore Basic Programing Language Version 4 PLUS A Built in Machine Language Monitor Disk amp File Maintenance Commands Data Handling Commands Graphics Plus Basic Compatible with Commmodore s B Series 8 Much Much More RECREATE PROGRAM 39 95 RTC s Answers lo Program Recreation Converts Printer s File to SCRIPT 64 s Files SUPER COPY s39 9sco Super Fast Disk Copies on a 1541 Copy Entire Disk in 7 Minutes
116. ime were writing their own stuff and having a grand time One problem remains since none of us have wonderful memories for mem locations etc whoever 18 working on the VIC 20 usually creates a small pile of reference books ancient but treasured Compute s TORPETs Transactors Systems Management Associates offers a product which seemed to have the promise of making our search for ref erence material easier Called the PC DOCUMATE it consists of a sheet of reasonably sturdy plastic sheet a bit larger than the VIC 20 upon which information has been printed The cen tre is cut out so that it will slip over the VIC 20 keyboard A small hole has also been cut out so the power light 1s visible SMA makes similar products for the C 64 and the IBM P C The VIC 20 version is organized into the following subject areas BASIC Functions BASIC Commands and Statements Colors Control Keys Memory Address Map Music Programming Screen Memory A binary to decimal to hexadecimal conversion chart is also tucked away in one corner The information is in the main quite similar to that found in references pub lished by Commodore and others It 15 clearly printed in type that is large enough to read for me that is I would like to comment on the content of sev eral of the sections 1 Music Programming I wish I had had this when I was writ ing a music editor a few months back unique thing about
117. ing the new position determining the result of such a move and onlv then il appropriate the actual move different order of operations would result in pits and boundaries being arbitrarily removed The Move Y module is straightforward The only diffi culty is the sub module Get new Y position which of course requires plaver input In this case only a single character is accepted of which only the right hand nybble is used The GUESS structure calculates the new player posi tion according to the relative direction on the computer key pad where 5 is the current player position If for example the player enters a character 3 which is ASCII 533 the the leading nybble ts replaced with 0 and the result 03 is treated as a binary number The number 03 is satisfied after the second ADMIT resulting in the plaver move down and to the right The Move Z module is structurally similar to the Move Y module but has more cases The outer loop is repeated until all the zombies have moved and the inner loop 1s repeated once for each zombie The problem that arises here is that the zombies are considered in whatever order that they were entered Therefore it mav be that a zombie cannot move until another one has moved For each zombie there 15 a Z move counter which is zero after the zombie has finished moving and the outer loop will continue until all the count ers are zero Therearea few modules which I have not i
118. ion graphics card installation in our Toronto workshop call or write for details Kit form also available page 18 TPUG magazine TPUG COMAL COURSE TPUG Magazine is pleased to present COMAL Course by Borge Christensen the founder of COMAL This sertes will continue in several more issues First however you will find Len Lindsay s corrections to lan Wright s article COMAL A Structured Language which was published on page 52 of the March TPUG Magazine Len Lindsay Madison WI COMAL version 0 11 is very obsolete It was public domain PET COMAL version 0 12 1s current but the update to version 0 14 is expected from Denmark very soon It is public domain A complete PET COMAL 0 12 disk is enclosed as my submission to TPUG disk library CBM 8096 COMAL version 1 02 is current soon to be replaced by CBM 8096 COMAL version 2 00 It is public domain It is included on the PET COMAL 0 12 disk I enclose CBM 8096 COMAL version 2 00 will be available soon It will be copyrighted C 64 version 0 12 was released with a warning that it was to be replaced very soon It is public domain It has some fatal bugs and incorrectly implemented graphics C 64 COMAL version 0 14 is copyrighted NOT public domain It is current Commodore Canada holds rights to it in Canada COMAL Users Group U S A Limited holds exclusive rights toin the U S A and hereby grants
119. ion submitted by any of these groups regarding their meetings on a one time only basis I have recently received the follow Ing The NORthern NY Commodore Home computer Users Group NORNY CHUG meets on the 2nd Monday of each month the Norwood Elemen tary School Norwood NY at 7 p m Contact Andy Van Duyne 315 353 4591 The Yarmouth Nova Scotia Commo dore Users Group meets every first and third Wednesday of the month at South End Elementary School Con tact Reg Newell 742 3348 The Commodore Computer Club of Ft Smith Arkansas was formed several months ago for users in the Western Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma area Monthly meetings are held the second Tuesday of each month at 9601 Rogers Ft Smith The Commodore Reno Users Network CRUN meets on the first Saturday of the month at Truckee Meadows Com munity College at 10 a m Contact Franklin Miller 322 7108 between 7 p m and 9 p m weekdays The Mid Atlantic Regional Commo dore Association M A R C A 1s hold ing its First Annual Commodore Users Conference and Computer Show July 28th 29th 1984 at the Hershey Con vention Centre Hershey PA Among speakers lined up for the two day conference Jim Butterfield Jim and Ellen Strasma Len Lindsay and Lou Sander Cost is 15 00 for both days and there is a Spouse s Program For tickets or information write to M A R C A P Box 76 Mt Holly Spring 17065 7PUG S A A
120. isplay there is not much you can do about this in version 0 14 The big version of COMAL 80 for C 64 version 2 00 has a built in SCALE function to sort out possible distortions Return to the text screen by pressing lt f1 gt Clear the screen and type LIST Now let us take a closer look at lines 10 40 0010 PROC SQSIDE L The PROCedure head with the procedure s name and the formal parameter L which is assigned a value when the procedure is called 0020 FORWARDL two statements between the PROC and the ENDPROC state 0030 LEFT 90 ments are called the procedure s bodv The procedure tail with the pro 0040 ENDPROC SOSIDE cedure s name The name is in serted by COMAL if not entered by the user Next let us see what happens when the procedure is called with a command or a statement This 1s a procedure call with the actual parameter 40 It may be any numeric expression formal parameter L 15 set to 40 A line of length 40 is drawn and the turtle s head is turned 90 de grees FORWARDL LEFT 90 Means return from the proce durc Ihe second procedure SQUARE does nothing but call SOSIDE four times But you should notice that the actual parameter L get its value from a call of SQUARE Thus the command SQUARE 40 actually works like this SQUARE 40 The actual parameter is given by the numeric constant 40 This value is passed to the formal param SQSIDE L eter
121. it can not be erased before you unlock it A handy little safety device RECOVER 1541 C LOAD as follows LOAD RECOVER 1541 78 BL 15 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program will go through a disk and show you the names of any files that have been scratched If you see one that you didn t want to scratch and would like to recover it input the number beside the name of the program and if it can be recovered it will be REL FILE BOOT C LOAD as follows LOAD REL FILE BOOT cms BL 4 F1 PRG CE UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive M PS 601 or 1526 printer This program will LOAD and execute a very good RELative file handling program Once you set up your file and puta freshly formatted disk in your 1541 this program will create your RELative file and let you write to the file read from the file update the file modify the file search the file sort the file delete parts of the file restart the program from the beginning print the file add more records to the file copy the con tents of one record to another and look at the directory of your DATA disk This program looks like it was very well thought out and put together Good luck ULTRASORT MC D Do NOT attempt to LOAD this file BL 5 FT PRG CL DATA This is a DATA file that is LOADed and used by REL FILE BOOT C FILE MANAGER D Do NOT attempt to LOAD this file BL 82 FT PRG CL DATA T
122. it is the dia gram which gives the direct conver sion from the location of the note on the music staff to the value to be POKEd in to produce that note 2 Colors The color table gives the 16 colors but gives no indication that only the first eight can be used to POKE character colors The last eight when POKEd give multicolor characters where the indicated color is the second or auxil lary color 3 BASIC Commands and Statements In listing the statements SMA has adopted a style found in Commodore manuals e g GET varl var2 varn Read characters from file I have always found this style of presentation a bit cryptic but at least in the Commo dore manuals there were examples to show the way I don t know of a better way to do it However as presented on this template I will still have to look things up 4 What is missing I would really like to have a table that compared the character as it appears on the screen with a its screen codes b its PETSCII values and c the ASCII equivalent if any I don t know how it could be fitted in but it sure would be handy SUMMARY Is this a useful purchase Perhaps The misleading color section aside having the memory maps and the music val ues close at hand is helpful The begin ner will appreciate the control key summary However I notice that as I was writing this article the usual pile of books etc seems to have formed around the computer TPUG
123. k For instance if you wanted to sell 25 shares of Exxon Oil all you have to enter when the program asks vou for the name of the stock is EXX A nice feature that saves a lot of typing Good luck CLASS PROGRAM C LOAD as follows LOAD CLASS PROGRAM C8 BL 24 FT PRG CL EDUCATION Equipment required 1541 disk drive MPS 801 or 1526 printer Use this program to keep track of your classes This program also has a printer option so even 1f the kids get your data disk you still have their marks MULTI AID C LOAD as follows LOAD MULTTI AID C 58 1 BL 25 FT PRG CL UTILITY Multi Aid is an integrated package of pro gramming utilities put together by Steven Darnold Once the program has LOADed activate it entering SYS 12 4096 You will then see a summary of instructions These can be recalled at anytime by entering SYS 12 4096 This will not affect the BASIC program in memory You can save a copy of Multi Aid to disk by entering the machine language monitor and typing S MULTI AID C 08 B000 C800 1f you want a tape copy change the 08 to 01 Note however that tape copies always load with a LOAD ERROR This occurs because part of Multi Aid goes under BASIC and this invalidates the checksum II ST equals 32 on a cassette LOAD just ignore the LOAD ERROR Once you have LOADed and activated Multi Aid the function keys now do the following f1 will delete everything from the position of the cursor to
124. l multiple linear regres sion models They are solved by the method of least squares and use the historical data that we have gathered The program fits onc of these 12 equations to our data and calculates a standard deviation of forecast error This is a measure of how well the equation fits the data By trying several of the models we choose the simplest one that has an acceptable error and therefore most reasonably fits the data We use this model to make our projections Let s run an example using our data file forcst demo d As we saw In Part H of the series this is a record of five years monthly brewery sales in thousands of cases per month We will first do the simplest extrapolation possible that of a straight line through the data called a simple linear regression This 15 the first equation in Table I First load the program forest glm 8 and run it The pro gram will ask for the name of the data file Type forcst demo d and 1t will load the sixty months of historical data We should next examine a screen graph of the data Hope fully we will be able to see whether it looks like a straight line or is curved or shows seasonality or cycles or worst of all whether it looks like a random pattern of points This eraph gives us our first clue as to which forecasting model might be the most appropriate In this case we already know that there is seasonality and that because of this our straight line will hav
125. ll Handles up to 4 000 records on one disk economical package 41 6 273 6350 prints multiple labels across does minor text editing ie setting up invoices Best of all MailPro 64 resides entirely within RREA Commodore 64 and Commodore trademarks of memory 5 you don t to constantly Commodore Business Machines Inc juggle disks like you must with other data Presently marketed by Professional Software Inc base managers for the Commodore 64 PAL 64 Specifications subject to change without notice 9599 PET LE CO IPS TWAS E 416 273 6350 55 THE QUEENSWAY EAST UNIT MISSISSAUGA ONTARIO CANADA LAY 4 5 MAILPRO 64 i OWER amp 4 TOOLBOX m AD i S gh THIS DATABASE ALLOWS CALCULATIONS IDEAL FOR ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ASTRO POSITION The Banker DAIS display and print the position of the THE BANKER is one of the most power DAtabase Information SYstem sun and stars ona erc second accu ful chequebook management systems the position of the moon available for the C 64 It is menu driven one of the comprehensive DATA and the planets one arc minute accu and extremely easy to use You can enter BASE SYSTEMS for the 64 racy except for Pluto for any date either cheques or deposits with full fully bilingual on screen in history comments All you do is fill out the cheque calculates c
126. ly So far after a year and a half I have had no trouble with either unit So far Is It Worth It I get many calls from people who are not yet members of the club because they don t have a computer vet but they will be going to the States in a couple of weeks to get one The way I see it going to the States was worth it up until about September of 1983 At that time you could save anywhere from 100 to 200 on the C 64 alone But now with the C 64 avail able here 1n Canada for about 350 I don t see the point Sure the C 64 in the States 15 799 But after the exchange rate and the duty I think you save about 20 And that is without taking the gas money into account The way I see it even if it costs you a few bucks more it 1s better to find a good dealer and buy from him Then you know someone in the business and you don t have to travel to the States to have your warranty hon oured In case you missed the implied point there Commodore Canada will not honour the warranty of a machine purchased in the States And with a flat rate of 70 to fix the C 64 regard less of the problem the money vou thought you saved by going to the States doesn t last long TPUG A FO m Y GOE KER BUTTERFIELD page 56 TPUG magazine C T9 by David Bradley The following is a slightly abridged ver sion of the documentation that w
127. m experience have often felt this motive to write myself It can lead to the pro duction of interesting articles but they tend to be somewhat technical and specialized Readers on the other hand tend to want articles on a much more elementary and general level At any moment a large proportion of TPUG members are absolute beginners at computing who are far more inter ested in learning how to list a disk catalog than in reading pages of list ings in assembly language As a club publication TPUG Magazine must try to strike a balance between these competing desires of club mem bers who are authors and its readers However 1f for no other reason than that readers outnumber authors by sev eral hundred to one the balance must be weighted heavily in favour of the readers This does not mean that the magazine will cease publishing spe cialized articles There are plenty of readers who appreciate them How ever I hope that future issues will con tain increasing numbers of articles which have been written by experts at a beginner level David Hook s excel lent series on disk handling of which the second article 1s in this 1ssue is a good example of what I mean While I am on the topic of experts I am happy to announce that Mag azine has made an agreement to publish a series of articles on the COMAL pro gramming language by one of its Dan ish authors Borge Christensen The first of these articles should
128. me First load the above Machine language for the terminal pro gram Loaded automatically by the main program above You must have a disk drive to download P T9 LIST ME P T9 L EVALUATOR PI W EVALUATOR P2 W EVALUATOR P3 W EVALUATOR P4 W EVALUATOR P5 W EVALUATOR P6 W EVALUATOR P7 W EVALUATOR P8 W EVALUATOR P9 W EVALUATOR P10 W AID LIST TLKIT P AID LIST TLKIT W INTEGRATION 8 HARMONIC 3 8 ABIDE WITH ME Z BELLOWS EXT 1 4 MAY 1984 Documentation for disk P T9 Education Instructions for THE EVALUATOR P program THE EVALUATOR P appeared on P T7 Use to evaluate student records Use WordPro or WP LIST SCREEN Z from P T6 From D Trankner Instructions THE EVALUATOR P Utility A Basic Aid Toolkit type pro gram Utility Instructions for AID LIST TLKIT P Use WordPro or WP LIST SCREEN Z from P T6 From D Trankner Math Simple integration program from H Anderson Electronics Math Fourrier analysis of any wave form Music Education Photography tutorial 1 From Sheridan College Commodore BELLOWS EXT 2 4 HYPERFCL DIST1 4 HYPERFCL DIST2 4 DEPTH FOCUSI 4 DEPTH FOCUS2 4 PHTPROC CNTRLI 4 PHTPROC CNTRL2 4 LIGHT 1 4 LIGHT 2 4 LIGHT 3 4 NEWMON INST P NEWMON HELP E P NEWMON HELP F P NEWMONS 1000 P NEWMONS 7000 P KEYPRINT 027A F KEYPRINT 027A 8 KEYPRINT Q7F6E F KEYPRINT Q7F6E 8 ENCLOSURE SI Z WATERCONSUM SI Z Miscellaneous Ho
129. me brew programs on tape You take the tape home put itin your Commodore com puter cassette deck and load the program Sound far fetched That s what I used to think but yesterday I did just that Not only did I use an APPLE written tape to load a program into my Com modore machine I also watched as an APPLE successtully loaded programs from tapes written by TRS 80 an OSI an Exidy Sorcerer and several other makes of microcomputer Later I took the same tapes home and suc cessfully loaded the same programs into my family s various Commodore machines You don t have to have been around microcomputers very long to realize that what I just described comes very close to sounding like magic When first heard about it it was with a great deal of scepticism and then excitement that I tried it out I found that not only does it work it works well it works easily and it works fast What makes it possible is NOS BASI CODE 2 a public domain software project of the Netherlands Broadcast ing Corporation NOS for short Here s what you do NOS has prepared a series of translator programs for each of the following makes of machines Apple 11 BBC Models A and PET CBM PET 2001 C 64 VIC 20 DAI Exidy Sorcerer OSI Philips P2000 Sharp MZ80 A and K SWTPC TRS 80 Video Genie and computers with CP M You load the translator program for vour type of computer it hides itself somewhere in memory and then y
130. mentation for the programs on C T9 If you have a printer print it out and keep it close by DIR SORT LOAD as follows LOAD DIR SORT V1 C 8 BL 53 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program will let you read the direc tory of any diskette into vour Commodore 64 look at it and then sort it and write 1t back out to the original diskette Handy if you like everything alphabetized BAM C LOAD as follows LOAD BAM C 8 BL 15 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program allows you to see where your material 15 stored on disk The purpose of the BAM is to protect allo cated blocks so they are not written over and therefore destroyed The map resides on the directory track track 18 sector 0 The BAM turns olf bits when it allocates a sector This program looks at these bits and if on meaning it is free will print either a red or a green square By looking at the map you can determine how full or empty the disk 15 BLOCK FREE C LOAD as follows LOAD BLOCK 8 BL 2 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This little program will tell you how many blocks free there are on your diskette A handy little subroutine to have around BOOT DOS 5 2 C LOAD as follows LOAD BOOT DOS 5 2 C 8 BL d FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive This program LOADs and executes DOSS 2 1 DOS5 2 D
131. mplete course 19 95 Postage and handling 2 00 Total 21 95 check desired course COMMODORE 64 Brantford Educational Services 68 Winding Way PET Brantford Ontario Canada N3R 3S3 D vic 20 M FAMILY TREE A software package to help you use the Commodore 64 or VIC 20 24K as a dynamic st to control data on your Search functions Complete manual P Alex 5252245 35 Family Record sheet A Easy editing and RESP Fully indexed T d Ggneglogies L 4 Output or printer 4 5 6 Generation pedigrees GENEALOGY SOFTWARE phone 519 344 3990 49 95 CND 39 95 US Ontario and Michigan residents add sales tax P O Box 1151 1046 Parkwood Ave Port Huron MI Sarnia Ont 48061 _N7V 8T9 COMMODORE USERS x Join the largest active Commodore users group Benefit from Access to hundreds of public domain programs on tape and disk for your Commodore 64 VIC 20 and PET CBM Informative monthly club magazine Send 1 00 for Program Information Catalogue Free with membership TPUG yearly memberships Regular member attends meetings 30 00 Student member full time attends meetings 20 00 Cdn Associate Canada 20 00 Cdn Associate L S A 20 00 U S Associate Overseas sea mail 30 00 U S Associate Overseas air mail 40 00 U S Inc DEPARTMENT A 19
132. ms no more than 10 such searches or compares are needed In the program sample I and J point to the bottom and top of the range of keys being compared Line 7010 If I is ever greater than J Line 7020 then no match has occurred and P is set to ZERO and processing has finished The mid point of the table is then calculated in line 7030 and saved in K The K th element of KY is then compared to K Lines 7040 to 7060 If equal the item has been found and P is set to the array position and processing is complete If K is less than the K th item then we only look in the bottom half of the table To do this the top of table pointer J 1s set to one less than the mid point just calculated If K isgreater than the K th item then we only look in the top half of the table The bottom of table pointer I is set to one greater than the mid point K We then go back to line 7020 and repeat the whole process TPUG continued overleaf IPUG magazine page 81 128 134 14u 158 1680 1780 186 190 2900 1966 1461 18802 1914 1626 1058 14036 1090 1180 1110 1120 1130 1140 MOM MO MO MO OO OO OO OO OO Ot The following 1s the course outline for an introduction to BASIC programming running this summer These sessions will be held on alternate Thursdays July 12 amp 26 Aug 9 amp 23 and Sept 6 at the York Public Library 1745 Eglinton HV 188050 L 1 DIM KY 14605 FOR I 65 TO 74 FOR J 65 TO 74
133. n m 11 fr af rm 1 Ex 1 t vos ti frt fid o mi i os i si lal ap mad nm mil ye n anle T ym wt i 17 1 1 pe A1 t y i 1 FO 1 r 1 i i 1 n i i 1 n d RB pa Pi eG Di pi m 0 Porm e i1 ed PEE DE m i RR Ida he n ud nn mix T 1 my DT CES m mn Jef rut dul 345 dE WIS S r s nad CU ml pe a JI isi z vi yl T Al h ad bad iei 1 LI T LJ GT 8 a e im um m i tai lal tat m feb fat Fy tad LE i Qd ma ho rm EN cer net ESAE 2514 od mE A E ERN pem data caonuerpzloen S cademt Le mEzidtesziprintiprint iprint Faqat E therr etrr DNE memert plezze dt dt 1 s le lenidz fs ifarla 1toleztempcz bEs xzc midtEdzf lzm 153X1 amp 6
134. n McEwan 23 pitstop ne ee ee es ee eer ke 49 SuperPET 6809 Assembler Part II Brad 37 COMAL COURSE Part 1 Borge 19 VIC 20 C 64 SPEED DIFFERENCES Roger D 16 TPUG NEWS Page 64 Calendar of TPUG 68 64 C T9 List me David Bradley 57 C M6 List me David 61 David W hemi 0 ce RR IIR IRR 5 ZhoraraPramedszciiyQeex 6 64 0 t n RII continued next issue ga 55 Librarian s Corner David Bradley 56 BEEN V aseapecriosoerrrr m n m m RR RRRRRR IR RI RII 62 Meeting Reports C 64 April 1984 7 Central Chapter May 1984 8 New Additions to 54 Product Parade Astrid 51 This and That Doris Bradley llle 6 Associate Club Chapter Meetings 63 TPUG BES Password
135. naged to rearrange the lines of the poem to what J thought was the correct order I then invited the computer to check mv work I must confess that my 8 year old was looking over my shoulder and he being a poetry fan checked my work first Guess what I got it right Lots of flashing lights congratulations ctc My poetic scholarship was then warded with the poem being displayed at the bottom of the screen while a hi res picture of events described in the poem was drawn above the script While the illustration was being cre ated 3 voice music poured out of my speaker Emboldened by my success in Level 1 I bravely attempted to play a round in Level 2 This time eight discrete lines of poetry were displayed on the screen for me to arrange a sensible order This did indeed increase the difficulty of the problem but alter several rounds at Level 1 I believe that children in the upper recommended age ranges will welcome this challenge Rhyme Time hasa clock factor in it to add still more complication to the solv ing ol the rhyme but the clock can easily be disabled allowing the child as much time as he or she wants to work on it Altogether a lot of fun according to the assorted kids who have run the program in our household eventually ran the other options on the menu Storytime and Storybook Storytime 15 a routine which brings up each of the thirty poems in the library dr
136. ncluded because they are machine or programmer dependent One mod ule is necessary to get a string of commands There are so many ways of doing this that I simply leave it to the users to design their own routine Another one is a routine to calcu late an effective memory address from a row column position This will allow peeking at a position to see if it is occupied Other necessary routines are ones which will compare one continued ove rleaf TPUG magazine page 37 row column position against a list of others and one which The design of the program PITS is essentially complete will sum a list of numbers The source code which will be 6809 assembler coding details follow in the next articles added to a SuperPET library disk will contain my versions TPUG of these routines Create island Clear screen Put cursor at row 24 column 1 Display boundaries Initialize all Z and O position arrays to 0 Set position pointer to top left of island row 2 col 2 Loop outer loop for each string of commands Put cursor at row 24 column 1 Get a string of commands Loop inner loop for each individual command Guess If not at end of string then quit Admit Calculate new island position Guess If command is not a z then quit Add a zombie to the island Admit If command is not a o then quit Add a pit to the island Admit command 15 not a y then quit Add the player to the island Endguess Endguess Until at
137. ndividual instruc tion on any of the machines with access to their manufacturer supplied soft ware for 18 per hour or if you choose to supplv vour own software the price drops to 8 an hour The Centre provides varied selec tion of vear round programming for everyone from young initiates to busi nesses looking for cost effective ways of training their emplovees in the new technology Beginning with the pre schooler Cen tre staff develop the child s concentra tion shape and recognition skills math and pre reading abilities School age children can get hands on experience in BASIC LOGO Pilot and educa tional software Business applications programs designed to introduce the user to Multiplan word processing office management svstems and data bases can be arranged for day or eve ning two hour sessions cost around 48 and run for four weeks The programming plans go on and on including bir thday parties special pro erams for the handicapped summer Computer Camps for kids and even whole weekends this Summer and Fall devoted to Commodore user education long term goal for this Centre 1s to become the library of the 808 by pro viding a world wide svstem of infor mation networking If vou live the Toronto area the Harbourfront Computer Centre 15 worth a visit to find out first hand just what Apples and IBMs are all about If vou are one of the many interna tional TPUG memb
138. nvey more information than thousands of words This book contains no illustrations no graphs nothing but text This isn t a bad book Many school administrators would probably be well advised to buy it But it could have been so much better TPUG Administrator s Guide to Computers in the Classroom Published by Clearinghouse on Educational Management College of Education University of Oregon Price 5 50 U S ix t 53 pages ALL TRADEMARKS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED page 48 TPUG magazine 38 a mes games games games games gam hey diddle diddle Rich Westerman St Anne ILL HEY DIDDLE DIDDLE from SPIN NAKER Disk protected for C 64 Recom mended for ages 3 10 39 95 U S much cheaper at discount outlets Hey Diddle Diddle is a package which introduces children to poetry and verse by way of hi res graphics and music Upon loading the program you are presented with a three option menu inviting you to choose either Storytime Storybook or Rhyme Time It being mv practice to never read the directions first I chose the option which caught my fancy Rhyme Time I was also offered a choice of two levels of diffi culty Okay How about level 1 The program paused for a moment while the C 64 loaded some files from the disk and suddenly I was confronted with a four line poem on the screen The four lines of the poem however were arranged incorrectly Hmmm Using the joystick I ma
139. o explain the disadvantages of each The problems associated with the INPUT statement have been documented many times and Jim gavea short review using a program he wrote on the screen no problem so far Jim then wrote a small program to use the GET statement and it was at this point that his problems started It was most unusual to see Mr Butterfield stumped by a correctly written program that would only print NNNNNNN on the screen Jim accepted a variety of suggestions from the audience and tried a few tricks of his own all to no avail now some members of the audience were nudging each other and giggling Jim checked the value of the variables still NNNNNNN Finally Jim said someone has been fooling with this machine who was it No response The perpetrators were in hysterics With a great deal of aplomb Mr B saved the program to disk and re set the PET using the on off switch a good job since sys64790 would have only appeared to have re set From then on his program worked just fine Jim wanted to show us how to utilize the INPOT com mand with the file opened to the screen Since the INPUTt command is directed to a specific device it allows you to press lt return gt without dropping out of the program Simi larly most of the other problems of the bare INPUT com mand can be corrected easily 100 OPEN 1 3 Opens the screen as input device 1 110 INPUT 1 N Accepts the rest of this line as
140. o the base in the mountains You must land on the red strip very gently and carefully You have 3 different thrust controls 5 is the strongest and is handy to get you out of somewhere in a big hurry f3 is not quite as strong and should be used most of the time fl is lor very delicate navigation You ll see once you start playing the game where you ll need it You also have lateral jet control The gt controls the right jet on your landing craft and the lt controls the left jet You have a choice of how much fuel you want to take with you depending on how good a pilot you are Good luck COMPUTERS C LOAD as follows LOAD COMPUTERS C 8 BL 14 FT PRG CL DEMO This program will tell youall of the things that computers can t do Note if vou think of other things besides what is already included in this program you can put them in by adding more DATA statements within the program and re saving the program to a 1541 formatted diskette THE BUS BARNS C LOAD as follows LOAD THE BUS BARNS C8 BL 42 FT PRG CL EDUCATION You have been hired to park 12 buses But before you can park any of them you have to answer the question displayed in the barn that you are to park in You can pick the type of question when you apply for the job Have fun THEWALRUS C LOAD as follows LOAD THE WALRUS C 8 magazine page 61 BL 19 FT PRG CL SOUND MUSIC Equipment required a monito
141. of a screen row Q or gt Wasn t that relatively painless LOAD in a BASIC pro gram to repeat the test Perform the above commands and now LIST the program Voila it s still intact If the directory scrolled off the top of the screen too quickly just repeat the command Those lucky folks with BASIC 4 0 diskcommands built in can just issue the command DIRECTORY or CATALOG Real English words are preferable but their function is the same What about getting a hard copy of the directory I like to run these off on my printer and stick a copy of it inside the disk jacket This is handy when you have a stack of disks all unlabelled as I often do Precede the com mands above with the following set up OPEN 1 4 CMD I Now enter the appropriate directory command After the printer stops finish the job with PRINT 1 CLOSE I Of course you could have done the LOAD 8 sequence before issuing the OPEN command Then after the CMD you would just say LIST to send the directory to the printer Finish it the same way Disk Errors Maybe you forgot to put the disk in the drive Maybe you tried to LOAD in a program and mis spelled the name or grabbed the wrong disk In any case that error light is blinking madly at you What went wrong Without the Wedge in place or a disk error handling routine you re stymied To get the current disk status use the at sign or greater than symbol all by itself
142. of that track so when an attempt to read that data is made some of the residual 1541 data may be interpreted as header data in addition to the normal header data This makes the disk operating system think it has a bad block thus generating a disk error On some occasions there be compatibility but this 15 pri marily when working with short files Should one start experiencing problems using one s disk drive drives the average user can do no more than run the performance test supplied by Commodore on the diskette that comes with one s disk drive drives If vour disk drive fails this test or seems to be incompatible with other drives it may be out of alignment and in need of care from a qualified technician This 15 the major source of difficulty with the 1540 1541 drives In order to lessen the effect of these problems it is best to align the 1540 154 disk drives to the same specification used with the 2040 4040 drives Commodore didn t have a published specification for alignment procedures on the 1540 1541 drives as of December 1983 The alignment pro cedure I ve used with success is the same as the procedure the SA 390 drives namely adjusting the physical posi tioning of the stepper motor or track 17 position radial alignment and track 1 or outermost track stop position Belore alignment is attempted the mechanical positioning elements should be checked for stability as well as the motor speed using the st
143. ogrammable function keys lower profile or lighter touch The TASH King Keyboard which vou can see on the front cover of this issue is made for a person who needs to hit the keys with a fist an elbow or foot It is also an aftermarket keyboard with a complete ASCII character set and it comes with a hardware interface for Apple computers The King Keyboard is two feet long by one foot wide The keys are spaced two inches apart so they are big targets to continued overleaf TPUG magazine page 9 aim at The keyguard is built into the assembly which contains microswitches for extremely short travel and low force The bright colours used for alphabetic numeric and special keys are there for a good reason Because a lot of the people who need to use this keyboard have perceptual difficulties a maximum amount of user feedback was built in Electron ics inside the keyboard provide latching SHIFT and CON TROL keys with indicator lamps to remind the user The switch response time can be varied from zero to two seconds so a person can be sure he or she will have enough time to make the correct choice The tactile click of the micro switch is followed by a beep when the keyboard has responded to a key Teachers using the King Keyboard with children suggested that the same electronic circuit could be used for a minia ture keyboard This is now being developed by RTU For people with fine muscle control b
144. ompute the contents of includes User s Guide Introduction graphic hich qa reu the 2 numeric fields add subtract mul to Positional Astronomy and Intro Because THE BANKER has a category tiply or divide against the defined field you can use it for your business field using either constant value of the contents of any other field inthe 5349 duction to Classical Astrology accounts payable or hame budgetting COMPLETE EDITOR ASSEMBLER PACKAGE FOR YOUR 84 Gorn amp LOOK AT THE LANGUAGES WE HAVE YES We have PASCAL 52 95 ULTRABASIC with turtle graphics and sound 42 55 TINY BASIC COMPILER 22 95 TINY FORTH Fig Forth implementation 22 95 9 gS pe e m ori rm P i CIT Arm tm EDIT ASM II DESIGNED TO HELP YOU CREATE AND MODIFY 6502 Assembly Lan PRUNUS guage Programs on the Commodore Powerful househoid finance 64 Computer Business system ON SCREEN HELP SYSTEM t ist eliminate inconvenient files confus Yes You CAN get quality software er assis ing tables and tedious calculations you In using all commands available E 9 S at reasonable prices order today i store all your data on WORDS amp add assemble calculate delete direc CALCS spreadsheet tory disk edit find help insert list WORDS amp CALCS will do your work load merge plist quit and save for you in organizing displaying money orde
145. on to programming just anything you want This course is currently used in both High School and Adult Evening Education classes and has also formed the basis of teacher literacy programs Written by a teacher who after having taught the course several times has put together one of the finest programming courses available today This complete 13 lesson course of over 200 pages is now available for the COMMODORE 64 VIC 20 and PET computers and takes you step by step through a discovery approach to programming and you can do it all in your leisure time The lessons are filled with examples and easy to understand explanations as well as many programs for you to make up At the end of each lesson is a test of the information presented Furthermore all answers are supplied to all the questions and programs including the answers to the tests Follow this course step by step lesson by lesson and turn yourself into a real programmer You won t be disappointed We will send this COMPLETE course to you at once for just 19 95 plus 2 00 for shipping and handling U S residents please pay in U S funds If you are not COMPLETELY satisfied then simply return the course within 10 days of receipt for a FULL refund Send cheque or Money Order to Brantford Educational Services 68 Winding Way Brantford Ontario Canada N3R 3S3 Fill in the coupon or send a facsimile ET Name Address City Prov Zip code Co
146. on you must travel through 360 degrees For example a triangle is drawn by REPEAT 3 FD 20 RT 360 3 LOGO is a language like BASIC or PASCAL and its power lies in the ability to control an object the turtle by teaching it to understand ever more complicated procedure made from the verv simplest Some of the LOGO features Laurie presented were the Edit Mode Error Checking Trace Function and Sprite LOGO The error checking is very polite no more abrupt syntax error since LOGO tells you the error the location and the procedure it is in Then you can step through the procedure using the trace function to do one line at a time Dynatrack is a demonstration and exercise in the physics of motion You can alter the force of gravity inertia momen tum etc to play with quite high level physics Sprited and Edsh are programs to draw and edit a sprite which can be controlled like the turtle There 1s a simple music editor which will allow you to read and play music with two numbers pitch and duration and then edit the sound envelope for each note played I was most impressed with the use of LOGO the Koala Pad and LOGOdraw from Koala Technologies You can draw a design on the pad and LOGO will translate the movements directly into a procedure The C 64 remembers each move ment of your stylus and can list them to screen or to printer The program is called Enhanced Terrapin LOGO for the C 64 and for 79 95 you
147. or Less Copy Selected Files Complete Pattern Matching Full Prompts BASIC AID 49 95 cox Your Aid to Writing Programs Color 80s 59 95 CON Allows Scrolling Through Programs Adds 33 more Commands to the Basic Language Produces 80 Columns With Color Has Find Change Merge Move Commands Needs No Extra Hardware Convert Hex Binary and Decimal Numbers and More Use With Terminal Programs Uses No Basic Memory in the 64 Deveiop Your Own Programs SCRIPT 64 amp SCRATCH PAD 64 129 00c Script 64 Word Processor in French and English BO Columns Global Search and Replace User Created Dictionary Spelling Check Scratch Pad 64 The Database Mail List in One Merges with Script 64 Word Processor Print out Labels Envelopes Mail List amp More Suitable with both Single and Dual Disk Drives Fully C64 Link Compatible C64 LINK IheSmartt64 Give These Expanded Capabilities eo to Your 64 and VIC 20 The ability to transfer data from type of device to another IEEE Serial Parallel Audio Serial 1 0 Video Fort Cassette Port Users Port IEEE Printers 1541 Drive or VL3 Cable 4022 8023 And 1525 Printer to Parellel R300 etc or 1515 Printer Printer Or VL4 Cable to Standard IEEE to Serial Interface True Serial Devices to Parallel Interface Devices BASIC 4 0
148. osely because the second number could be the same as the Cursor up will be printed as lt up gt Cursor down will be printed as lt dn gt Cursor left will be printed as lt le gt Cursor right will be printed as lt rt gt A handy utility to have if vou have ASCII printer first Once again you must repeat the sequence the first and the second etc This continues until you ve made 20 cor rect numbers in a row The computer plays the sequence only once a turn Good luck DOS COMMANDS C LOAD as follows LOAD DOS COMMANDS 8 BL 26 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 1541 disk drive MPS 801 or 1526 printer This program will read the directory of you disk into memory and allow you to do any of the following to or with the diskette in your drive You can LOAD any program you can LOAD and RUN any program format a new disk validate the disk rename a file on the disk scratch a file from the disk list the directory to your printer or LOAD and LIST a program to your printer Good luck MATH MAGIC C LOAD as follows LOAD MATH MAGIC C 8 BL 68 FT PRG CL EDUCATION This program will test you on addition subtraction multiplication or division at any of four levels simple easy hard and hardest of all When you answer a ques tion correctly you get some treasure The Treasure will be one of a number of pre cious metals and gems If you answer incor rectly you lose some
149. ou can either write cassette tapes in NOS format that are readable by any of the other brands of computer or you can load NOS format tapes written by anv of the other brands I found that on any of our family s Commo dore computers the reading and writ ing of NOS tapes was more than twice as last as reading or writing an equiv alent length program in regular Com modore format The NOS translator programs come with a detailed glossy 76 page man ual that explains their operation the NOS protocol the NOS tape format and the gotchas Aha you say gotchas You knew it all along didn t you Probably requires two extra circuit boards 96K of mem ory and the technical expertise of an electronics engineer doesn t it The answer is definitely NO but there are some simple gotchas For example if you thought you were going to get a program that makes extensive use of Commodore graphics to run on the APPLE or TRS 80 you have another thought coming Hence the Commo dore translators are rigged to give an error message when you try to save Commodore graphics something your APPLE and TRS owning friends will be thankful for Also because of the technical limitations of some of the micros in the project any BASIC line that takes up more than 60 spaces when listed to the screen causes an error message when you try to save it in NOS format My feeling is that this one is a blessing in disguise as it forces spaghetti coders
150. ours The new number 15 416 429 6044 The new operating hours 24 hours per day 7 days per week The new password is ANYONE WHO PAINTS MESSAGES ON WALLS HAS PROBLEMS MR DRACULA 2 E fi magazine page 5 THIS amp THAT Doris Bradley Asst Bus Man My recent travels took me to Bermuda where some of TPUG s international members reside Along with the usual sightseeing activities I paid brief visits to the Canada Forces Base near Somer set where the Disk Drivers computer club meets regularly and to the Kellys who originally had a photography busi ness but now deal in Commodore com puter equipment and software as well Mrs Kelly told me how last Christmas Eve they were open until 10 30 at night because of the interest in VIC 20 s and Commodore 64 s for Christmas I am sending them some new TPUG infor mation packages for these two ma chines Perhaps there are others of you out there who would like some of these to give to friends or to have in your store All it takes is a brief note to the office and some will be on their way New Information Packages Our new information packages dated 15 1984 for the PET SuperPET 24 pages VIC 20 16 pages and Com modore 64 24 pages are now available If you want a copy of the updated library for your computer s i e Com modore 64 VIC 20 PET or SuperPE
151. outines like scrolling insert and delete line address cursor and screen blank e DUAL SCREEN Connect the normal C 64 video output to a color monitor AND connect the VIDEO BO video output to a B W or green screen monitor Text will appear on the B W or green screen monitor and the color graphics onthe color monitor ANECESSITY FOR GAME DEVELDPERS AND GRAPHICS PROGRAMMERS e Compact size only 3 x5 5 xO 5 APPLICATIONS e Word Processing e Spreadsheets Terminal Emulation e Software Programming Eliminate irritating line wrap around Graphics development Use VIDED BO for text and C 64 video output for color graphics simultaneously D Technologies 1555 Riverpark Drive Suite 206 Sacramento CA 958115 916 920 3226 8 00 am to 5 00 pm PST Mon Fri EXCLUSIVE CANADIAN DISTRIBUTORS B amp R ENTERPRISES amp ASSOCIATES 29 IRVING DR PEFFERLAW ONT LOE 1NO CANADA 705 437 3187 EX 21 CANADIAN DEALERS INQUIRIES INVITED THE NOS TRANSLATOR Peter Spencer West Hill ON Picture this There are ten different record companies If vou buy a record made by United Artists you have to play it on a United Artists record player If vou buy a Columbia record it will only play on a Columbia made record player Far fetched You bet You and I take it lor granted that all brands of records are playable on all brands of record players Now picture this An APPLE owning friend saves you one of his ho
152. pened I really didn t want the monev By summer of 1978 no quarters had been received I did get one phone call from an angry computer owner telling me that he had no intention of sending me a quarter I told him that it was all right I didn t really need his quarter but it didn t seem to cool him down At about that time I wrote Len Lindsay who was playing around with protection systems and told him of my lack of success in getting a response few weeks later about eight quarters trickled in from various parts of the continent Delayed reaction I don t know In late summer of 1978 I decided that the experiment had run its course and wrote any correspondents that they should remove the 25 notice and give the programs away Then months later Lindsay published comments from my letter in the PET Gazette as part of an editorial on how dishonest people were I didn t agree with his conclusions by the way and I wondered what the few people who had sent a quarter would think about an editorial saying I had received none Len s editorial provoked a flow of what looked like con science money I must have received three or four dollars worth of quarters in the following week One person wrote to say I don t know if I have any of your programs but in case I do here s a dollar I wrote back to the donors telling them that the experiment was long since over and that they should remove the mes sages from any
153. problem to begin with First of all in a C 64 you have a huge amount of RAM that the computer s operating system must constantly refresh That is to sav it 1s electroni cally refreshed otherwise it wouldn t remember a thing you ve typed in The more RAM the longer each pause to refresh Even a 32K VIC 20 doesn t have as much RAM as the C 64 s menm ory banking system Then there s the large video system a 1000 cell screen memory and colour memory toconstantly maintain Again this means more time taken each sec ond to keep the system just running let alone follow your program s in structions That large screen also means that 11 takes longer for a character to move Irom one end to another and from top to bottom But the bottom line is that V2 BASIC Is 5 to 7 per cent slower on a C 64 than on a VIC 20 Animation with sound is slower still If vou take advantage of the C 64 s special features more time is lost Pro gramming the SID chip is far more complex and time consuming in BASIC than the VIC 20 s simpler but effective sound system Those wonder ful sprites are also somewhat slow in movement particularly moving across the infamous horizontal seam Does this mean that the VIC 20 is a better machine No these two models represent the best in home computers for the mass consumer market each has features that the others have not You won t hear the dazzling sounds of the SID chip on a VIC 20 or the amaz
154. products sometimes it s wise to check out the other micro computers on the market A perfect place to do this and have fun at the same time is The Harbourfront Com puter Centre located at 207 Queen s Quay in the Queen s Quay Terminal Building in Toronto The available hardware includes dona tions from IBM Olivetti Atari Os bourne the Canadian made Hyperion and a whole room set aside for Con modore Four vears ago Stan Squires now man ager of the Centre began a Computer Centre at the Oakville Library Funded in part by Harbourtront Provincial and Federal Governments the initial experiment in Oakville expanded to include the Harbourfront Centre and the Federal Government has expressed interest in setting up additional cen tres across the province The multi user environment created at Harbourfront has benefits both for the public and the companies who have donated machines and software The public gains easy access to thou sands of dollars of new technology that otherwise would not be easily located or used and the companies gain wide spread exposure for their machines vns The main aims of the Centre are to introduce and improve computer lit eracy for all ages provide a hands on computer literacy program to the pub lic without being a school and to encourage people to appreciate and apply micro computer concepts to their daily lives Youcanarrange for i
155. programs they had on hand And that seemed to be the end of it Istill receive a quarter in the mail every six months or so I don t recommend the method as a road to big money What does this all mean Are people dishonest Is it too much trouble to send a quarter Was the suggested amount too high or too low Peter Jennings suggested that I d do much better if the amount named had been five dollars I think we can conclude that the system as conceived didn t work and I would not recommend it to any software house hoping to find a new distribution channel this way I don t think you can make too many sweeping conclusions about honesty It can be a lot of work to address an envelope stamp it find a quarter and tape it inside all when you re trying something out on the computer I ll bet that there were many well meaning users who just never got around to 1t Please don t send your quarter now It s over I believe that the experiment shows a need for some type of formalization between a commerical supplier and end user I m not a big fan of protection systems since they lessen the value of the programs they protect I d prefer to see pro grams protected by means of good documentation support update services and warranty But I can understand the fears of software houses that users won t make a special effort to pay for programs continued overleaf TPUG magazine page 15 Its a pity that the experiment was a failur
156. r RA storing printing and performing cheque calculations visa or master charge The SMART 84 Terminal designed with Qualiry Bred features Affordable Pricing And Service 42 95 So why nor travel the communicarions highways the SMART way Accessores induded Selecive Storage of Received SendsReceives Programs and Disk Wedge Built in Dora E m Files of ANY SIZE Review Print Files lt 9 Forrnarted Lines py Dealer Inauiries invited write for free colour catalogue Why not cash in on the good programs that you have written We are actively seeking SOFTWARE AUTHORS We are paying above average royalties for all programs that we accept Submit your copy on tape or disk for VIC 20 or C 64 with detailed operating instructions If you wish program returned please enclose sufficient return postage MICROVVARE Suite 210 5950 C te des Neiges Montreal Quebec H3S 126 com THE TORONTO INTERNATIONAT SOFTWARE SHOW SEPTEMBER 20 21 22 23 1984 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE TORONTO CANADA Hundreds of software applications will be featured by manufacturers publishers dealers and distributors from all over Canada U S A and around the world Seminars will be available to further show you first band how to obtain the best software to meet your needs Also showing will be operating languages hard disc drives duplicating ser
157. r or TV with audio output This program will play display the lyrics and play a song about a family that has lost their mother to a computer A sad tale indeed ENCLOSURE C LOAD as follows LOAD ENCLOSURE C 8 BL 26 FT PRG CL UTILITY This program is designed to compute the optimum enclosure volume for a specific bass driver woofer provided that three pieces of information are given These are Free air resonance HZ Compliance volume Cubic Metres Mechanical Q of driver The free air resonance is the frequency at which the impedance of the driver is the greatest Ihe compliance volume of the driver is the enclosure volume that will give a 0 db Ho c oc c nc c c c c c ccc occ cc cc occ c ccc oc occ cc co I m to the SoXtwate Stow Dad want any thing 2 dealer s MARKETPLACE This space could be advertising YOUR product Electronics 2001 5529 Yonge St Toronto Ontario M2N 553 416 223 8400 Syntax offer for C 64 Cyclons 9 95 Bubbles 9 95 Scribbler 14 95 Ridiculously low prices Watch this space for monthly specials Bradley Brothers 20 amp 64 computer 2 Game Rentals by the week c o Richard and David Bradley 147 Roe Avenue Toronto Ontario M5M 2H8 S eer ee ONLY 10 00 per year All cheques should be payable to David Bradley or call B B B B S 416 487 5838 COMPURENT 416 82
158. reference number 5 Description 6 Amount The MEMBERSHIP file has for each member 1 Membership number 2 Surname initials address postcode telephone number 3 Membership expiry date 4 Membership class 5 Category 6 Type 7 Number of films hired by member 8 Opening balance balance The TAPE file has for each tape copy 1 Tape number 2 Film number 3 Status in stock or out on hire 4 Date last returned if in stock or date due back if on hire 5 Supplier from which tape was acquired 6 Type of tape 7 Cost of tape 8 Last two members who hired tape 9 Member who has booked tape a 10 Number of times tape has been used 1 SET RATES 15 BOOK TAPE 2 NEW MEMBER 16 MEMBER LIST SA 3 NEW FILM 17 FILM LIST 4 MODIFY DELETE MEMBER 18 TAPE LIST 1 i 2 2 EXCLUSIVE NORTH AMERICAN DISTRIBUTORS 6 MEMBER ENQUIRY 20 EXPIRED MEMBERS LIST 7 FILM ENQUIRY 21 OVERDUE TAPE LIST ROMARO ENTERPRISES 8 TAPE ENQUIRY 22 TRANSACTION LIST Mi BEACON SOFTWARE INTERNATIONAL 9 SALE HIRE RETURN RENEWAL 23 PRINT STATEMENTS BOX 227 10 OTHER TRANSACTIONS 24 POPULARITY LIST 705 Progress Avenue Unit 17 STREETSVILLE POSTAL STN Scarborough Ontario MISSISSAUGA ONTARIO C 11 ADD NEW TAPES 25 CLASS STATISTICS lt lt 2 1 LSM 288 12 AGEING 29 CHANGE DATE SCRI AN NA 416 820 5235 AT 416 431 3200 5 13 SORT MEMBERS
159. roboscope on the bottom of the spindle pulley The stroboscopes 1541 and 4040 s are identical as you can see from fig 7 and fig 8 A drive belt fora Shugart SA 400 drive is interchangeable with the Alps drives in 1540 1541 s as well as the Shugart SA 390 s SA 390 s are in the 2040 4040 drives Also the Shugart pressure pads are able to be used in the Alps drives The hub or pulley on the shaft of the spindle drive should be checked for stability some of the 1540 1541 spindle drive pulleys have no retaining screw and have come loose causing a scraping noise when the drive motor spins The physical track zero stop track for DOS read write purposes should also be checked for stability Some of these mechanical parts can be secured in the adjusted position by using a substance such as Glyptol Do not use Super Glue or similar type glue Fingernail polish will also serve to keep screws from loosen ing due to vibration and stress These parts are what set up the reference for track 1 the first read write track Having aligned a number of 1541 drives found the Shugart specification for the lobes or pre recorded data on the alignment diskette proves to be a much more critical adjust ment with the 1541 s than the 2040 4040 drives Using a factor of 90 or better for the Lobes or Cat s Eye pattern versus 70 with 2040 4040 drives gives more reliable continued overleaf i e Fay
160. rsome So when we started to design this system we decided it wouldn t fall into any of these traps e Once your records are set up the power of the com puter can be used to manipulate them at the press of a single key You can store standard letters together with selected information This letter may be sent to one all or selected people you choose e The file can be manipulated by a SEARCH feature which sorts out selected records according to your requirements e The CHANGE KEY feature allows a data file to be re arranged sorted to a different sequence on any field e f you can handle a manual index card file then you can handle this computer system Distributed by 705 Progress Avenue Uni 17 Scarborough Ontario 2X 416 431 3200 Searching Techniques Bennett s Tutorial Chris Bennett TPUG Business Manager This month s tutorial deals with the searching of large string tables A table is list of data numbers etc systematically arranged For example a list of all the avail able inventorv items could be stored In program that table could then be searched to check for valid inventory codes There many ways to see if certain values are in a table will deal with two a sequential search and a binary search see Listing 1 Doth of the above assume that the table 1s sorted in ascend ing sequence binary search always requires this However a sequ
161. rtant reasons 1 Trying to look at the directory of a diskette will cause you to lose the program in memory 2 When the disk error light flashes or turns red on the PET CBM drives you have no easy way of fetching the error message to sce what s gone wrong Those are fundamental activities needed by even begin ning programmers The Wedge programs fill that need quite nicely and sometimes offer many other useful com mands as well If you load theappropriate Wedge when you first turn on your computer it will be ready for action when you need it Get into the habit The VIC 20 version is included on the TEST DEMO disk that was packed with your 1541 and it is called VIC 20 WEDGE It works on any size VIC 20 with any amount of memory installed When it is RUN it automatically relo cates itself to the top of BASIC memory and then adjusts the pointers so that BASIC won t clobber it later on There isa possible conflict with user defined characters But in a pro gramming session you aren t as likely to be RUNning such programs Because the VIC 20 version has been prepared in a special format it LOA Ds just like it was a normal BASIC program This means that vou can easily make unlimited copies of it on vour own disks LOAD in the Wedge swap disks and perform a normal SAVE command to the other disk I d strongly recommend that you place a copy as the first pro gram on every freshly formatted disk It s only four blocks in siz
162. s one serial in out and one parallel out give the Com modore computers tremendous flexibility as controllers and as dumb or smart terminals Data can travel between the computer and one or both ports or between ports General features include true ASCII conversion cursor move conversions for program listings and automatic insertion or deletion of linefeeds The SADI can also issue a form feed any number of blank lines The device address is switch selectable 0 15 Serial features include 11 baud rates 75 to 9600 selectable parity and a 32 character input buffer with x on x off feature For the parallel device the busy ready and data polarities are selectable The SADI is easily programmed using BASIC commands is compatible with Wordpro VISICALC and other software It comes assembled and tested with case PET IEEE cable and power supply Thirty day money back trial period Retail price in U S A 295 00 optional 230 V power supply 30 00 Contact Connecticut microComputer 36 Del Mar Drive Brookfield CT 06804 KKK OO OC OO OX Pascal Compiler from Lymbic Systems Inc Limbic Systems Inc a California based firm specializing in computer peripherals and software for the Commodore Com puter line introduces the PASCAL COMPILER for the Com modore 64 The PASCAL COMPILER was developed by Oxford Computer Systems Software Ltd Pascal a programming language simplifies development of software for
163. sign because it was so poorly defined It was neces sary to imagine in detail how a player would want to instruct the program to position pits and zombies The problem was the classical one of interfacing human and machine The method I settled on is as follows the user enters a string of characters The program initializes a pointer to the top left position of the island and moves the pointer over the island left to right and top to bottom like raster scan Each character in the input string is treated as if it is an unsigned binary number and the scanning pointer moves as manv positions as indicated by that number Therefore each char acter moves the pointer a different number of positions Also if the character happens to be a or y then the program will place a zombie pit or plaver respectively wherever the pointer happens to be Once the plaver 15 positioned the island is considered complete This method allows the plaver to position as manv or as few zombies and pits as desired and allows the positioning to be as regular or as pseudo random as desired There are two oops in the Create Island procedure one nested inside the other The outer loop is executed once lor each string of characters commands until the plaver has been placed The inner loop is executed once for each character within the current string until the string 1s exhausted or the player has been placed I presume that the comments and indenta
164. sk drive MPS 801 or 1526 printer This program will help you keep track of what disks have which programs After you feed in the disks you can print out a list of what is where You ll never have to go rum maging through a stack of disks again CHOPPER C LOAD as follows LOAD CHOPPER C 8 BL 8 FT PRG CL DEMO Equipment required joystick A sprite demo with a helicopter that you can control using a joystick plugged into control port 2 ome things you will need to know is that increases your speed f7 decreases the speed up arrow ends the demonstration left arrow halts your copter and d toggles the auto pilot That should get you going Good luck CHOPPER D Do NOT attempt to LOAD this file BL 2 FT PRG CL DATA A machine language DATA file that is LOADed and used by CHOPPER C STOCK C LOAD as follows LOAD STOCK C 8 BL 39 FT PRG CL GAME This program is a simulation of the opera tions of the stock market There are 12 company stocks available for trade provid ing you have the money There 15 a 6 or 50 00 per stock transac tion charge Transactions are collected at the end of each week You have 4 main options You can BUY stock SELL stock PASS leave things as they are or vou can end the game When you end the game you are presented with a summary of how well you did Note When you are buying or selling be sure and enter at least the first 3 letters of the name of the stoc
165. sure and save it on disk that was formatted a 1541 This program was written to be used with the Gemini 10X but it will except for the condensed modes work with a 1525 or MPS 801 Good luck COPY ALL V2 C LOAD as follows LOAD COPY ALL V2 C 8 BL 10 FT PRG CL UTILITY Equipment required 2 1541 disk drives This is an updated version of COPY ALL The only difference between this and the original is that this will copy RELative files This program will copy anv or all of a 1541 diskette to another using two 1541 disk drives Be sure that you change one of the 15415 device number The program that does this 1s on the disk that Commodore includes with the 1541 so you should have it If I am not mistaken 1t is called DISK ADDR or something similiar One thing that stumps a lot of people is the question Pattern Suppose you were look ing at CJ T6 February C 64 disk and you wanted to copy Dave Neale s STAR TREK game When the Pattern prompt come up If you were to enter STAR TREK the computer would know that it is to search for all files starting with STAR TREK and not bother with any of the others lf you just press RETURN on the it will show you all the file names If you knew that the only program you wanted to copy was called BBBBS all you would do is type in BBBBS and the program will only look for that program One nice feature of this program is that if you have p
166. t I took the two pieces above and merged them The program is unchanged but the machine language part has been tacked on to the end of BASIC Now you can LOAD the program swap disks and do a normal SAVE to get it on your own disk Because the need has become quite common there are a number of Utility programs that allow you to copy selected programs from one disk to another Jim Butterfield s COPY ALL series handles the situation when you have two disk drives to work with His recent UNICOPY program will handle copies with a single disk drive The data is stored in the computer s memory so that you can get the program onto another disk On the TEST DEMO disk there 15 1541 BACKUP which copies the whole disk taking twenty eight minutes and ten disk swaps to do it with a full disk I know two dedicated souls who copied the whole TEST DEMO disk then scratched everything but the Wedge programs just to get them onto their own disks The benefit made it worthwhile but what an inconvenience Directory With a BASIC program in memory one that s dispensible get a directory of the disk with the following command LOAD 8 Now do a LIST and vou should see the disk title its ID and the characters 2A showing in reverse field The subse quent lines start with a number the size of each file as measured in 256 byte blocks The filenames are shown between quotes and then the file type appears on the same line P
167. the single disk drive for the Pet CBM line of Commodore computers All I needed was a medium sized Phillips screwdriver and a very small slot screwdriver to set the timing First I removed the power cord very important and the serial bus cable Then I took out the four screws that hold the cover in place Next there are 6 more screws plus a small cable connector to remove before the drive assembly can be lifted out of the case The lower casing 1s now used to support the drive unit while aligning the heads The power cord and serial bus cable are re connected to the disk drive The Diskaligner diskette is inserted and the program loaded into the Commodore 64 The first step is to test the disk rotation speed This is very easy since there isa stroboscopic disk showing through the bottom of the drive chassis Under normal 60hz artificial light the outer rings should appear stationary small slot screwdriver is all that 1 needed to adjust the speed if any problem exists In aligning the read write head the STEP MOTOR must be adjusted to meet two criteria One the head must be centered over the tracks Two the STEP MOTOR must be able to read all 35 tracks Test Criteria The best way to check whether or not the head 1s centered over the tracks 15 to VALIDATE a good diskette The one I used was the 1541 TEST DEMO disk supplied with the drive NOTE the diskette must be write protected and cannot have been written to
168. tions make this clear The mner loop contains GUESS ENDGU ESS structures which are used to select various cases for action This structure is basically a number of independent sections of code which are separated by ADMIT statements The code is executed sequentially as normal until 1 a QUIT is encountered which case execution jumps to the start of the next section i e a new case or until 2 an ADMIT is encountered in which case execution skips all remaining sections and resumes after the ENDGUESS statement Normally the programmer will start each section with a test to see if that section should be executed and if not then QUIT that section and check the next one Create Island has a nested GUESS ENDGUESS because I did not want the carriage return to be interpreted as a command It is not necessary in the design step to worry about how all these loops and guesses will eventuallv be coded It is suffi cient that the structure is clear but to avoid seeming high minded I will admit that the Waterloo assembler makes the step from design to code almost easy The Mainline module repeats each step of the game within a loop where each step consists of a player move followed by all the zombie moves The module Move Y and Z summa rizes this Note that from this point action must be followed by a test to see if the GAME END flag is true moves whether the plaver or zombies are done by first calculat
169. to chop up their pro gram code into shorter more reada ble lines The BASICODE instruction manual gives a list of BASIC keywords such as INPUT and ABS that are freely interchangeable among the various machines in the project It also explains the various subroutines that are auto matically tacked on to any program in NOS to let you clear the screen place the cursor at a given location check if a key has been depressed cause the computer to beep simulate a print using statement print to tlie printer and so on Line numbers from 0 to 999 are reserved for these subroutines which you never have to type in once you have the translator program Now for the technically minded what actually goes onto tape That is what is NOS format NOS uses two tones to record programs onto tape 1200 Hz and 2400 Hz A binary 0 is represented as onc full cycle of 1200 Hz A binary 15 represented as two cycles of 2400 Hz The binary data 15 sent at 1200 baud Each byte of information 15 sent as eleven bits one 0 start bit eight data bits with the least significant first and finally two logic 1 stop bits BASIC keywords are not tokenized and all letters and ciphers are presented in ASCII Each BASIC instruction is fol lowed by a space Each BASIC line is closed with a carriage return hexa decimal 8D All true ASCII charac ters ir the program receive a logic 1 closing bit The sequence that NOS writes to tape is as follows T
170. um from slow learner to gifted to emotionally disturbed to learning disabled She recalls that during the first year all areas of exceptionality were lumped together which was difficult More recently she has been helping exceptional children to integrate with regular classes She finds that it is less traumatic for the children if they are officially in a regular class and are withdrawn only for Special Education classes in their particular area of difficulty the parents accept the idea that their child 15 exceptional more readily and there is less of a problem with peer acceptance too Joyce Brown and her co worker Florence Hutchinson are constantly re thinking and re working their Special Educa tion classes They are always on the look out for new tools and new ideas to use with their students We have to be very flexible says Brown We have so many different children all of them with different problems And very often there are varied age groups within each class Joyce Brown has nothing but praise for the computer as part of a multi media approach to special education She calls it a great motivation force citing an increase in the ability to concentrate and greatly expanded attention spans as the most instantly noticeable results Both the children and Joyce Brown seem to prefer the C 64 to the PET and the Apple They agree unanimously that the C 64 keyboard is easier to use and Brown adds There are too many f
171. ust be made in mathematics programs or simulations or when a fast routine 1s required a feature such as word wrap in a word processor FORTH provides a good medium for writing programs if BASIC is too slow vet machine code too complicated FORTH 15 an extensible language This means that you can use the core commands provided with the language to define your own commands Take for example an operation involving several steps such as starting a lawn mower The steps involved are filling the gas tank turning on the gas attach ing the spark plug and pulling the starter cord until the mower starts Each of these steps can further be defined For example filling gas tank un screwing the top placing nozzle in tank and pouring gas till full In turn each of these steps can be further reduced The entire operation of starting the mower can be considered part of the definition of mowing the lawn which is in turn part of spring cleaning and so on This 1s the basic premise on which FORTH operates A more practical example might be the definition of TITLESCREEN a routine to display the title screen for a space game ALIENS a routine to make aliens fly over the screen la space invaders YOURSHIP a routine to move your ship back and forth under control of the joystick SHOOT a routine to have the aliens shoot at you and to allow you to shoot at the aliens DEATH a routine to see if you or one of
172. ut a limited range of movement an extremely light touch will operate the keys There is some difficulty in making these keyboards avail able for use on different personal computers The means of getting keyboard data into the computer varies widely soa special interface must be provided for each model of computer In some cases this could involve partially dismantling the computer Also varying keyboard layouts and the use of special keys such as the Commodore key on the VIC 20 and C 64 have to be accommodated Some people who would like to use personal computers cannot handle the physical array of switches that is a stan dard keyboard If a person can operate just one or two switches whether by moving the head wrinkling the eye brow or by a shaky motion of the hand then he or she should be able to gain control of a computer For instance he or she might have a screen menu of alpha numeric characters to choose from Or he or she might use Morse code switching to generate the same characters Systems that enable the user of a simple controller to gener ate keyboard data are called keyboard emulators Some make use of the keyboard s own memory address space others stand alone and connect to computer in the same way as a replacement keyboard Software Resident Special Keyboards If the computer s own RAM is used to hold the keyboard emulator software there is the possibility that applications programs may intrude upon
173. vices user interfaces future trends packaging and marketing services peripherals and accessories Plan now to attend Mark the dates on your calendar now For further information contact Cameron MacDonald Debbie Bannon Allan Stiver Hunter Nichols Inc 721 Progress Avenue Scarborough Ontario 2W7 416 439 4140 90 9 9 9999 Contents Articles Page Administrator s Guide To Computers In the Classroom David Williams 48 THE BEGINNER AND THE DISK Part 11 David A 24 Bennett s Tutorial Searching Techniques Chris 81 Commodore Diskette Compatibility Jim C Halsey 34 Computer Aids for the Disabled William 9 The COMPUTER IN SPECIAL EDUCATION Marya Miller 11 DISKALIGNER A User s Review Chris 29 FORECASTING WITH THE 8032 Part John Shepherd 28 FOURTH A NEW LANGUAGE FOR YOUR 64 Peter Rukavina 22 THE GREAT 25 cent EXPERIMENT Jim 15 HARBOURFRONT COMPUTER CENTRE Janet Sherbanowshi 13 hey diddle diddle Rich 49 Pubhradons Jofa David ce cic e homm mmm 47 puc i ee le Bee ee ad ee 50 THE NOS TRANSLATOR Peter 5 4 FE O Documate Joh
174. w Education Photography tutorial 15 17 3 77 gt M 2 3 4 r gt 5 6 7 35 bh 13 f 9 E 10 gt 11 12 Utility Information Newmon Source 15 available in the C 64 library From G Fontaine Utility English mstructions for New mon Utility French instructions for New mon Utility Monitor for the PET at Hex 1000 Utility Monitor for the PET at Hex 7000 Utility Screen print F40 Use to execute From R Illes Utility Screen print 8032 Use to exe cute Utility Screen print F40 Use to exe cute Utility Screen print 8032 Use to exe cute Miscellaneous Hi Fi speaker enclosure calculations much water do you use surprising page 54 TPUG magazine TORONTO PET USERS GROUP 1912A Avenue Rd Ste 1 Toronto Ontario 416 782 9252 M5M 4A 416 782 8900 ORDER FORM Membership F ACUTO S lt 2 4264 6 Telephon enrere do acte dri d Mu EQ P CL PROVINCE Postal ZIP Bed E del The prices indicated include postage and handling as wel as Ontario Provincial Sales Tax if applicable Make cheque or money order payable to TPUG DISKS To order club disks by mail send 10 00 for each 4040 2031 1540 1541 disk 4040 format and 12 00 for each 8050 8250 disk 8050 format We do honour purch
175. was used to first format a diskette in single density format then one in dual density format Using these as a guide shows us that the 1541 format fig 3 is comparable to dual density as far as the rate at which it writes data on the diskette surface and the 4040 format fig 4 1s even more dense than the dual density format the 8050 format is even more dense than the 4040 format You ll notice the tracks are of the same center to center dimension on the 1541 fig 3 as those on the 4040 fig 4 The major difference is the euard band or dark area between tracks and the closeness of the perpendicular lines of magnetic information or rate in which data 1s written The guard band 15 an area that 1s DC voltage erased by the read write head as the read write head writes data on the surface The purpose of the guard band is to keep track data from mixing with an adjacent track s data or eliminating crosstalk When a drive becomes out of alignment it is either mixing track data or the read write head is actually covering portions of two tracks at the same time instead of one This can happen just from continued on next page fil fig 2 page 34 TPUG magazine using a drive let alone from carrying it about and subjecting 1t to a physical jarring or bouncing Fig 61sthe surface of a 1040 format diskette as seen from the microscope not enlarged by photography This is section of thesurtace showin
176. way to recreate the speed of the VIC 20 If you get one of these games I hope you may find something in it you can use in your own work One game I wrote for the VIC 20 which will appear in the club library shortly under the name Riki Tiki is almost all BASIC This one 1s very very fast but I don t have a C 64 version ready yet I did a straight conversion once but it wasembarrassingly slow It will have to wait until I have the time to rewrite the entire core of the game in machine language Another new entry in the club disk library is VIC Dodge Cars which wrote in the fall of 1983 Entirely in BASIC and the action is quick and fun When I decided to redo it for the C 64 I was determined to do it all in BASIC just to prove to my VIC 20 that his big brother was a good game plaver too Well it was harder than I thought and I do not feel I succeeded completely Dodge Cars 64 will take a little more strategy than reflex but it is comparable in entertainment value If you have a chance to see both versions vou will find the differences in both appearance and programs quite start ling The Commodore 64 is a wonder but I am still thrilled with my VIC 20 I feel users of one model have something to learn from the other TPUG page 16 TPUG magazine ATTENTION ALL COMMODORE 64 VIC 20 AND PET OWNERS A complete self tutoring BASIC programming course is now available This course starts with turning your computer
177. which allows you to run more PET BASIC programs and gives you extended disk and 1 0 commands The ability to have several 64s on line together sharing com mon IEEE devices such as disks or printers with Spooling Capability future Cartridge Mother Board Built in machine language monitor 1 85 00 CANADIAN PLUS CUSTOMS BROKERAGE A built in terminal or modem program which allows the system ENDUNG ANE AAN TAND to communicate through a modem to many bulletin board systems and other computer mainframes Compatability with CP M Printer Compatibility Board 7 Contact your local Commodore dealer or RTC Payments by VISA MASTERCARD or BANK TRANSFER 10610 Bayview Avenue Bayview Plaza Richmond Hill Ontario Canada LAC 3N8 416 884 4165 Mail orders also by certified cheque etc
178. y into account Let s try the second model called linear plus additive seasonality This model is just a little more complicated Its equation 1s shown in Table I and does take into account seasonality Because the data is monthly we have decided that the period of seasonality 18 12 The equation for this model is the same as the previous simple linear model with the addition of one of eleven other possible constants c to m depending upon which month of the ycar i5 heing calculated The equation for each January is x a b t Thecquation for each February is x a t b t c and that for cach March is X a b t d and so on The equation for cach December 15 x a b t m When the program calculates a best fit for this equation it has to solve for thirteen parameters instead of the previous two It therefore takes much longer to calculate about 7 minutes Also since we have the same 60 data points and many more parameters to calculate each parameter can bc calculated much less precisely However we have much better fit since the standard deviation of forecast error is 1 8 compared to 4 3 with the previous model There are other ways to handle seasonality with fewer parameters equations 3 to 6 and 9 to 12 use trigonometric functions Equation 3 for example has only four parameters takes only about one minute to calculate and has a standard deviation of forecast error of 2 2 Quadratic functions can plot a curv

July 1984

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