APP 6.0 Quick Start
Contents
1. APP 6 0 1 LWF Ferry m File Edit View Window Help w n g dl LWF Ferry mis E Select Aircraft Settings Mission Name F Segment List li Comment Example for a simplified ferry mission Result Sheet See manual for details Computation Result Chart Fig 7 Mission Computation Screen For the impatient Click on the Run Computation button in the toolbar to run the computation and immediately see the mission profile appear in the lt Result Chart gt tab APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual The vertical list on the left shows you the available tabs of the opened file The individual tab pages let you change settings perform computations and view results Currently the tab lt Description gt is active and corresponding entry in the tab list is highlighted On the top you can see the horizontal file tabs Now only the tab for our LWF Ferry mis file is visible together with the red mission computation icon Now click on the tab lt Select Aircraft gt This page shows you the loaded aircraft file in this case the generic Light Weight Fighter LWF example aircraft form ALR creat Contiguration and Jara Plight State External Stores Atmosphere Initial Condition External Stores Configuration Cruise Dry ha Configuration No Stores v Altitude 0 m Toggle State Mach 0 H Velocity 0 m sec Fuel Percent 100 4 Fuel Mass 2000 kal Payload 0 i Mass2. cruise Mission performance calculations take into account the steadily changing fuel mass over time Section 2 2 provides a quick start tutorial showing you how to calculate an existing mission and generate a performance chart 2 2 Getting Started When you start up APP for the first time you are greeted with a welcome screen You can always show the Welcome screen again by pressing the APP Welcome button Le in the toolbar The welcome screen is the easiest way to open APP files and create new performance calculations a Perfomance a Charts Create or Edit Create Simulate and Create Performance an Aircraft Model Optimize a Flight Profile Charts and Tables E Do not show again Close Fig 6 Welcome Screen APP uses three main file types APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual Name File Extension Icon Aircraft actf y Mission Computation miS my Performance Charts perf 5 Each button on the welcome screen gives you the option to either create a new file or load an existing file 2 2 1 Mission Computation Start APP then click on the button Mission Computation Open on the welcome dialog A file dialog box opens Navigate to the APP examples folder on your PC You can find the folder in your Documents folder under APP 6 Professional Edition Examples Open the folder Light Weight Fighter and load the file LWF Ferry mis You should be presented with the following screen
3. 86 1963 86 1842 15 1842 15 1564 31 1564 31 719 184 719 184 707 55 0 8 0 800021 0 800021 0 800021 0 800021 0 800019 CAP NUM SCRL Fig 11 Mission Computation Sheet Fig 12 shows the lt Result Chart gt tab 13 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR Aerospace User Manual File Edit View Window Help wng alaa e na F L Ej Ferry mis Ea on Computation Chart v Y Axis Altitude Copy gt gt Chart gt gt Mission Profile egment Lis omputation Altitude m Fig 12 Mission Computation Chart There are multiple ways to store your results The sheet and chart can each be saved in the APP sheet format file vts or chart format vtc Using File Print you can save data in PDF format using your preferred PDF printer must be installed separately The sheet provides the additional option to export into an Excel or compatible shreadsheet software Hint If you would like to extract the numerical values from a chart you can e Click on the chart then type Ctrl C copy Then use Cirl V or paste in a spreadsheet software e Click in a line in the chart to activate it Then press and hold Ctrl while clicking on the point of interest APP should display a dialog box showing the value 2 2 2 Performance Chart Start APP then click on the button Performance Chart Open on the welcome dialog A file dialog box opens Navigate
4. Time Seg Time Distance Seg Dist Altitude sec min Initial Settings 0 0 0 Takeoff TOL Reheat 0 0 0 Stop at Velocity 75 0679 m sec 12 9013 0 215021 0 490452 Acceleration Cruise Reheat Stop at Mach 0 8 Climb at Mach Cruise Dry Stop at Altitude 11000 m Cruise at Mach Cruise Dry Stop at Seg Dist 800 km Descent at Mach Cruise Dry Stop at Altitude 0 m 12 9013 0 0 490452 50 6824 0 629686 7 03668 50 6824 0 7 03668 509 451 7 64615 120 11 509 451 0 3898 39 56 4824 3898 39 0 4082 66 3 07104 120 11 920 11 920 11 964 784 Project Files Cruise Dry Configuration File Aerodynamic File Thrust File Fuel File standard cruise dry thrust dry amp reheat fuel flow Cruise Reheat Configuration File Aerodynamic File Thrust File Fuel File standard cruise reheat thrust dry amp reheat fuel flow TOL Reheat Configuration File Aerodynamic File Thrust File Fuel File standard to flaps 27 tol reheat thrust dry amp reheat fuel flow TOL Dry Configuration File Aerodynamic File Thrust File Fuel File standard to flaps 27 dry thrust dry amp reheat fuel flow Mach Velocity Fuel Percent Fuel Mass Seg Fuel Power Sei m sec 0 0 0 0 0 220597 75 0679 0 220597 75 0679 272 235 272 235 236 062 236 062 236 062 236 062 272 242 100 100 98 1931 98 1931 92 1075 92 1075 78 2155 78 2155 35 9592 35 9592 35 3775 2000 0 2000 1963
5. corresponds to that segment The segment end condition is shown under Segments stops at If that condition is reached APP switches to the next segment For the Takeoff segment APP will automatically determine a stop condition If you click on the Climb at Mach segment you will see that the stop condition is Altitude gt 11000m When the aircraft reaches 11000 Meters the climb segment stops and the Cruise at Mach segment starts The first flight state of a new segment is always the last state of the previous segment That means the cruise segment will be calculated at a Mach number of 0 8 set by the stop condition in segment 2 Acceleration and at an altitude of 10000m set by segment 3 Climb at Mach 11 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual Note While it is possible to select any kind of stop condition the user is ultimately responsible that the choice made is logical and feasible for the aircraft to fly For example descending to an altitude that is higher than the current altitude will lead to an error Also climbing to an altitude that is higher than the aircraft s ceiling altitude will eventually lead to an error because the aircraft will run out of fuel trying to unsuccessfully climb to that altitude Now click on the lt Computation gt tab Fig 10 Computation Optimizer Adv Computation Single Mission Optimizer Optimizer Settings Parameter Study No Optimization SSS Range Optimi
6. tool for all aircraft performance related questions In its 6 major version APP has been built from the ground up but keeping the proven and reliable computation engine ALR Aerospace Project Development Group Zurich 1 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual File View Help wlaga s42G 9 o m E FLY Analyses Aircraft File Mission Computation Empty Mission Performance Calculation Mission 25 Performance er a Study Computation z Charts Point Performance Computation Create or Edit Create Simulate and Create Performance Charts an Aircraft Model Optimize a Flight Profile Charts and Tables G Envelope SEP Envelope F Do not show again Turn Rate Chart SEP Turn Rate Chart Altitude SEP Chart Altitude D Thrust and Drag Takeoff and Landing Takeoff Balanced Field Length Landing C Rejected Takeoff _CAP NUM SCRL Fig 1 The APP Desktop showing the Welcome Screen 1 1 2 An Integrated Package The Aircraft Performance Program was designed to improve productivity during all phases in a design process APP 6 is an integrated high performance program that allows computation and manipulation of aircraft point performance and aircraft mission performance data originating from basic configuration aerodynamic and engine properties APP 6 contains all the tools needed to compute organize present visualize and print the performance and mission d
7. 7000 kg Atmosphere ISA Browse Fig 8 Mission Computation Settings Tab The next tab lt Settings gt shows the initial configuration and the state of your aircraft Fig 8 In the drop down menu Configuration you select the basic aircraft configuration The configuration determines for example the maximum payload the aircraft can carry and the maximum fuel capacity The first three fields set the start point of your mission This can be at either at an airport where the Altitude Field stands for the departure airport altitude or it can be already in flight In latter case you need to define your initial speed using either the Mach or the Velocity field Note lf your start your mission in flight make sure that the selected velocity corresponds to a valid flight state If the velocity is chosen to small the aircraft will stall and if its chosen too high the aircraft will break apart In either case the computation will not start correctly The next fields Fuel Percent and Fuel Mass you set the initial fuel load A value of 100 corresponds to total fuel including the available external fuel tanks if present in the selected external stores configuration The Payload field lets you select the percentage of payload This value stays constant over the duration of your mission A payload can either be passengers cargo or special mission equipment To see how much payload your aircraft can carry select type 700 into the field and
8. APP 6 0 Quick Start ALR Aerospace Version 1 0 January 2013 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR Quick Start 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview 1 1 1 The ALR Aerospace Flight Performance Program The software utility Aircraft Performance Program APP was designed to provide engineers aircraft operators and researchers with a tool that allows computing of customized flight performance Physics based flight equations are solved with high accuracy and numerical stability using the proven APP computation algorithms Years of experience and customer feedback make APP a reliable efficient and versatile tool APP relies on tabulated input of the physical characteristics of an aircraft such as mass lift drag and thrust While APP can be used to analyse and optimize a given aircraft design it does not estimate aerodynamics or propulsion data Therefore the user is always in full control over the results Together with the extensive Technical Reference document APP is a trusted tool and not a black box Since its founding in 1980 ALR Aerospace has a rich history of aerospace related activities ranging from concept design of advanced fighter aircraft and light training aircraft air traffic management fluid and aerodynamic engineering up to supporting cutting edge solar powered aircraft projects The Aircraft Performance Program APP has served ALR and its global partners and customers as a reliable trusted and validated
9. PP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual 1 1 5 How to Contact ALR Postal Address Phone 41 0 44 202 93 88 Arbeitsgruppe fur Luft und Raumfahrt Fax 41 0 44 202 24 00 Gotthardstrasse 52 CH 8002 Zurich Switzerland Website www alr aerospace ch Email alr alr aerospace ch 1 1 6 Getting Help Choose Help Online Manual from the APP menu to open this manual in an Acrobat Reader shell Choose Help Technical Reference from the APP menu to open the technical reference document in an Acrobat Reader shell APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual 1 2 Installation 1 2 1 Hardware and Software Requirements To use APP 6 your computer must have Windows XP SP2 or higher operating system A Intel or compatible CPU A hard disk with about 20 MB of available disk space At least 64 MB of extended memory to run APP 6 smoothly A Windows compatible mouse A minimum screen resolution of 1024x768 pixel however a higher resolution is strongly suggested 1 2 2 Installing APP on the Hard Disk 1 To start the installation insert the program CD ROM into your drive An installation mask should automatically appear if not start it by double clicking the autorun exe located on the CD ROM APP 6 Professional Edition Installation Procedure Install WibuKey Drivers 2 Step Install APP 6 Professional Edition ALR Aerospace Project Development Group www alr aerospace ch Fig 5 Installation Scree
10. ata efficiently 1 1 3 User Friendly GUI APP 6 offers an intuitive Windows graphical user interface GUI The tabbed interface allows working with different computations opened at the same time manipulating aircraft data and displaying the influence on flight performance almost instantaneously Colored icons guide the eye and smooth the workflow Users new to APP will appreciate the Welcome Screen to quickly get started using the examples provided with APP Experienced users can efficiently work with multiple aircraft and calculations without losing focus and overview High quality charting printing and report generation capabilities are built into the software Data can easily be exported to spreadsheet software APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR Aerospace User Manual File Edit View Window Help Wlag al gt ma 4 gt LWF acft General Data Mass amp Limits Data coo po coi a cLmax Description sheet Chart Propulsion Add Table Del Table Ins Line Del Line Stores Altitude 0 m Configuration CON Dm amp Wh Fig 2 Window GUI 1 1 4 Versatility Due to its modular design the Aircraft Performance Program can be used for nearly all flying vehicles Whether you need to evaluate the turn rate of a high tech fighter aircraft or the maximum glide ratio of a silent glider due to its numer
11. bypass turbofan Span 8 53 m Length 14 4 m Wing Area 18m OWE 5000 kg Fuel Mass 2000 kg MTOW 8401 kg Configurations Cruise Dry Cruise Reheat TOL Dry TOL Reheat 3 3 1 Radius of Action vs Combat Time Chart The example Light Weight Fighter LWF Combat Time Variation mis demonstrates how to model a complex combat mission including weapons release The Optimizer mode is set to Radius of Action and the Parameter Study mode will change the time the aircraft spends in combat As a result a chart is generated that will plot the combat time on the x axis and the radius of action on the y axis 3 4 Light Single Engine Piston Aircraft File SEP acft Propulsion 1x piston constant speed propeller Span 10 38 m Length 8 14 m Wing Area 18m OWE 1001 kg Fuel Mass 151 kg 20 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual D TOW 1400 kg Configurations e Cruise at Best Power e Cruise at Best Economy 3 5 Small UAV Aircraft File UAV acft Propulsion 1x piston fixed pitch propeller Span 5 71 m Length 4 61 m Wing Area 3 4258 m OWE 188 kg Fuel Mass 42kg MTOW 275 kg Configurations e Cruise 21
12. ical capabilities the program determines performance data within seconds Even for rare cases like acceleration at a specified climb rate or other customized performance tasks are solved at a glance At any time during input or output a toggle between British and SI units is possible More than 50 output parameters are available to generate charts and spreadsheets Without re computation the output format can be altered Charts and spreadsheets can be copied into any Windows document or saved into a file For maximum compatibility the spreadsheet module supports Microsoft Excel file format A Mission Computation supports mission definition and calculation More than 20 mission segments can be combined in any order Several optimizer modes evaluate maximum range maximum endurance or maximum radius of action Mission progress for user defined time steps and output parameters is printed onto a spreadsheet or visualized on a chart APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR Aerospace User Manual Mission No Header Text Take Off Military Acceleration Military Climb Military Cruise Military Altitude m Acceleration Military Climb Military Maneuvre Military m Descent Military 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Time sec Fig 3 Graphical result of a mission computation G Envelop E ge lt Fig 4 Graphical Result of a Point Performance computation A
13. interest to you k Range Parameter Range from File Fig 15 Point Performance Computation 17 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR Aerospace User Manual X Axis Mach Y Axis Specific Range Copy gt gt Chart gt gt Altitude 9144 m Altitude 12192 m m q a Altitude 0 m pama 5 Altitude 3048 m E Altitude 6096 m a E Lo Mach Fig 16 Cruise Point Performance Chart 18 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual 3 Example Aircraft APP includes example aircraft for selected classes of aircraft The directory with the APP examples is created during installation of APP You can find the folder in your Documents folder under APP 6 Professional Edition Examples 3 1 Airbus A320 Aircraft File A320 acft Propulsion 2x high bypass turbofan Span 34 10 m Length 37 57 m Wing Area 122 4 m OWE 43100 kg Fuel Mass 21480 kg MTOW 73500 kg Configurations e Cruise 3 2 Boeing 747 Aircraft File Boeing 747 100 actft Propulsion 4x high bypass turbofan Span 59 6 m Length Wing Area OWE Fuel Mass MTOW 70 6 m 510 967 m 358000 Ibs 316300 lbs 735000 Ibs Configurations Cruise Climb T O clean T O Flaps 10 T O Flaps 20 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual e T O Flaps 30 3 3 Light Weight Fighter Aircraft File LWF acft Propulsion 1x low
14. itial Condition External Stores Configuration cruise sti Configuration No Stores Altitude 0 im Toggle State Mach 0 H Velocity 0 m sec Fower Setting E Thrust N Fuel Percent 50 Fuel Mass 71735 6333 kg Engine Revolution g Ipm Propeller Beta g deg Load Factor H Pull Up Rate g deg sec Atmosphere Tum Rate 0 deg sec p Browse Tum Radius 1 IND m Acceleration g m sec SEP 0 m sec Climb Angle 0 deg Climb Speed 0 m sec Payload 30 E AoA deg Lift Area m2 dT 0 K Mass 295265 953 kg Fig 14 Performance Chart Settings Page Now select the next page lt Computation gt This page is specific for each kind of computation chart For the example point performance computation you can see a Select Computation box Fig 15 The dropdown box Computation defines the equation or flight state to be calculated Currently a Cruise computation is performed The flight states are computed at all the values given in the X Range and the Parameter tables No click the Run Button amp and compare the values in the lt Computation gt page Fig 15 with the result shown in the tab lt Result Chart gt Fig 16 As you can see in the resulting Chart the values from the X Range are plotted on the X Axis and the Parameter values 16 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual correspond to each of the curves On the Y Axis you may select and output value that is of
15. m User Manual up to an output of values at each computed time step Detailed Output The default selection Brief Outout shows computed values at the beginning and end of each segment The second drop down box controls the selection of output values by loading predefined lists Note To change the number of displayed output values open the options dialog either through the toolbar button iO or by choosing View Options Open the tab lt Mission Param gt and add or remove desired values from the list on the right side The list on the left side shows all the available output values If you would like to save the list for future use press the Save button Your saved list will now also appear in the second drop down box in the lt Result Sheet gt tab When you are done just close the options dialog and the sheet will adapt immediately to the new output values without having to recalculate the mission File Edit View Window Help wlag Ej Ferry mis E3 amp mnia M wz sasijeuy Description A B E D E F Brief Output Sheet gt gt Excel gt gt G H l J K E f Select Aircraft Settings Segment List Computation Result Chart ONDUAN App 6 0 1 l Date Time Thursday December 06 2012 14 21 23 File Name ferry Flight Data Altitude 0 m Mach 0 Fuel Percent 100 Payload 0 Distance 0 km Time 0 sec Mass 7000 kg
16. n 2 Install the device drivers for the software protection key WIBUKey by pressing the corresponding button 3 Install the professional version of APP 6 by pressing the corresponding button APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR Aerospace User Manual 4 The installation software will lead you through the installation process The installed program creates the Aircraft Performance Program program group This group is found in the start menu and contains the APP executable file APP creates a folder ALR Aerospace in your User AppData folder to save user settings and a folder APP 6 Professional Edition Examples in your document folder Consider that you cannot run APP without installing and connecting the WIBU protection key first as described in the next chapter APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual 2 Working with APP 2 1 Overview This section will guide you through some examples of calculations possible with APP It will show you how to load existing aircraft data from the examples provided with APP demonsirate how to create performance results and explains the APP aircraft data model APP differentiates between performance charts point performance and mission performances A point performance is flown at an imaginable single point in time characterized by a clearly defined fuel mass whereas mission performances are flown in the context of a mission climb accelerate
17. to the APP examples folder on your PC You can find the folder in your Documents folder under APP 6 Professional Edition Examples Open the folder Boeing 747 and load the file Cruise Efficiency Chart perf You should be presented with the following screen 14 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual File Edit View Window Help w n g a3 4 F Cruise Efficiency Chart perf E Select Aircraft Settings Chart Name Cruise Efficiency Chart Computation Comment Result Sheet Example for a cruise chart Result Chart See manual for details Fig 13 Performance Chart Screen For the impatient Click on the Run Computation button in the toolbar to run the computation and immediately see the performance chart appear in the lt Result Chart gt tab The vertical list on the left shows again the available tabs similar as in the mission computation file Note The shown example calculation is of the type Point Performance Computation Please see Section Error Reference source not found for more information about Performance Charts The user interface for all performance chart calculations is similar The main differences are usually found on the lt Computation gt tab where the parameter for the selected computation have to be specified Click in the tab lt Select Aircraft gt As you can see this page is identical with the page in the mission computation file It
18. watch the difference in the field Mass This field shows your take off mass including fuel payload and the mass of external stores if selected 10 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual Note Be careful to set plausible values for Fuel Percent and Payload An empty tank will come to your attention rather quick as APP cannot fly an aircraft without fuel But you may only notice much later in some too optimistic performance figures that your aircraft is flying along without any payload lf you prefer to enter values in the British system switch the unit system from 2 to 1 using the unit buttons MEISI 4 in the toolbar or selecting the menu View Unit 1 Having completed the lt Settings gt tab with the initialization data switch to the lt Segment List gt tab Fig 8 Segments Add Del Insert Replace te Segment Name Contiguration Segment stops at 1 Takeoff m sec 2 Acceleration Cruise Reheat 3 Glimb at Mach Cruise Dry ey 17 H 4 Cruise at Mach Cruise Dry 5 Descent at Mach Cruise Dry iW Integrate x Position W Integrate z Position Power Setting Thrust Climb Angle deg Climb Speed m sec dT Engine Revolution Fig 9 Mission Computation Segment List Tab You can see that the mission is made out of 5 segments The black triangle next to the segment Takeoff denotes that this is the currently selected segment All the data on the right side
19. will now show the 747 100 as the loaded aircraft Continue to the lt Settings gt tab In the settings tab the state of the aircraft needs to be fully defined Performance Charts are different from Mission Computations in the way that the state of the aircraft will not change from the values set in the settings page For example if you set the Fuel Percent to 100 all values will be calculated at that mass If you want to calculate cruise performance 100 fuel mass is not realistic since that is only the case at take off or after an in flight refuelling You might want to choose 80 for the beginning of a cruise 50 for mid cruise charts and 20 to calculate end of cruise performance 15 APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Program ALR User Manual Same holds for other values you need to define Altitude Mach Velocity Payload etc The values that are being calculated of course depend on the type of computation selected in the lt Computation gt tab The Configuration dropdown box shows the configurations the aircraft file provides The configuration selected here can set your maximum fuel mass as well as maximum thrust and aerodynamic properties Make sure you select an appropriate configuration For example to perform a cruise computation make sure that you don t select a take off configuration or if you are performing supersonic computations with a combat aircraft select a configuration with sufficient i e reheat thrust In
20. zation a Run Endurance Optimization Fi M Radius of Action Optimization Fig 10 Mission Computation Tab The Computation box provides two computation modes Single Mission and Parameter Study The Single Mission selection calculates one mission profile The more advanced Parameter Study calculates a range of mission based on varied parameters specified in the lt Adv Computation gt tab The tabs on the right side provide options for the computation The optimizer is useful to automatically change the stop condition of a segment in order to reach a target fuel value at the end of a mission e g cruise for X nautical miles so that at the end of the mission there is 5 fuel left The optimizer will then determine X Note The optimizer does not change the flight condition speed altitude of the aircraft To optimize these parameters choose segments such as Climb at best rate or Cruise at best SR Now click the Run button or press the Run Computation button S in the toolbar After a short moment the computation should be APP outputs results in two ways in tabulated and in graphical form These can be found in the tab lt Result Sheet gt and lt Result Chart gt respectively Fig 11 Mission Computation SheetFig 11 shows the sheet tab The first drop down box lets you control the level of detail from a description of the mission Mission Description 12 ALR Aerospace APP 6 0 Aircraft Performance Progra
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