TANDBERG Endpoints and IP
Contents
1. 37 4 6 4 Asymmetrical Encoders and 38 4 6 5 Inband Switching of Video and Audio Algorithms eee 38 46 6 Flow Control RR edo dea 38 4 6 7 Dynamic Bandwidth Management eese eene nennen trennen eene nennen 38 4 618 LID ISN es dee a i a ae OR ERE Rad es 39 5 H 323 COMMUNICATIONS WITH TANDBERG 5 8 8 44 449 9 40 5 1 ONLY CALLING ENDPOINT HAS GATEKEEPER 2 4 44 00 41 5 2 ONLY CALLED ENDPOINT HAS GATEKEEPER 440400404000 42 5 3 BOTH ENDPOINTS REGISTERED DIFFERENT 2 44 6 LIST OF TERMS P 46 Te APPENDIX A 48 7 1 POLYCOM H 323 LAYER 4 PORTS tt eg EE REN EE RR ERUSRO RN P DUREE IEM 48 7 2 PICTURETEL H 323 LAYER 4 PORTS tte ere 49 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 1 Introduction H 323 is an International Telecommunications Union ITU standard that describes the protocols services and equipment necessary for multimedia communications including audio video and data on networks without guaranteed Quality of Service QoS These networks technologies may include Ethernet Fast Ethernet and Token Ring and protocols like Internet Protocol IP or Integrated Packe2. 5556 TCP e Video Range 2326 2341 UDP Audio Range 2326 2341 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 234 UDP e FTP 21 TCP e Telnet 23 80 e NTP 123 UDP incoming to codec SNMP Queries 161 UDP SNMP Traps 962 UDP outgoing from codec Netlog 963 TCP e FTP data 1026 TCP e VNC 1027 TCP e Streaming RTP Video 970 UDP Streaming RTCP 971 UDP Video Streaming RTP Audio 972 UDP Streaming RTCP 973 UDP Audio SAP 974 UDP 23 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 MultiSite DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555 5560 TCP e Video Range 2326 2573 UDP Audio Range 2326 2573 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2573 UDP e FTP 21 TCP e Telnet 23 TCP 80 TCP e NTP 123 UDP incoming to codec SNMP Queries 161 UDP SNMP Traps 962 UDP outgoing from codec Netlog 963 TCP e FTP data 964 TCP e VNC 965 TCP e Streaming RTP Video 970 UDP c Streaming RTCP 971 UDP Video Streaming RTP Audio 972 UDP gt Streaming RTCP 973 UDP gt Audio SAP 974 UDP denotes a listening port stream is directed to 224 2 127 254 port 9875 While using MultiSite if a site is disconnected and reconnected without terminating
3. 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555 5560 TCP e Video Range 2326 2375 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2375 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2375 UDP e denotes a listening port This port range will work for TANDBERG B4 and later solutions only Because H 323 does not require a specific range of ports other manufacturers may need to open up a larger range of ports to accommodate H 323 communications 26 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 5 10 Audio The B4 B5 B6 El audio codec of the TANDBERG systems supports G 711 G 722 and G 728 B7 E2 audio codec supports G 722 1 and 40ms audio packets over IP in addition Length Audio size Header UDP Header RTP Total ms Header G 711 20ms 160 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 200 bytes G 711 40ms 320 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 360 bytes 6722 20ms 160 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 200 bytes G722 40ms 320 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 360 bytes G 722 1 24 20ms 60 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 100 bytes G 722 1 24 40ms 120 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 160 bytes G 722 1 32 20ms 80 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 120 bytes G 722 1 32 40ms 160 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 200 bytes G 728 20ms 40 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 80 bytes G 728 40ms 80 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 120 bytes 3 5 11 Video The B4 B5 B6 video co
4. RR QR T RR e Ree P MM REO 10 32 2 Layer Potts Used ee ak E e endete tei 10 3 2 5 Example of Point to Point call using IP direct dialing sss 11 3 2 42 BI Through A FireWall ree ec ee events 12 3 2 5 12 32 6 Video UP os sis eut te e t tr ER e p EP Ee ette iere 12 3 2 7 c Latencys aoi EE EDDIE NINH 12 3 3 2 aec E i a 13 Madin Features a eet Fe DERART RUE Pese e E Roe SERERE RUE 13 J3 3 2 Layer 4 Ports Used s io USERS d aenea qut 13 3 33 Example of Point to Point call using B2 IP direct dialing ssl 14 334 B2 Through A Firewall ecu eee de eed He eerte dene 15 3 3 9 Audio bae eap te EUR 15 2 39 06 VIDEOS esa ned edet D edet etn ie et RI rites 15 3 97 Jitter And Eatencya sius a eap eR ERE re a ea bd eR re e ada ae 15 34 B3 SOBEWARE SORRENTO dert EH 16 3 41 Main Features iss tee e RE M E A e rt 16 34 2 jJdLayerd Ports Used os s rU EH ER e rU REIR 17 3 4 5 Example of Point to Point call using IP direct dialing sss 19 244 B3 Through A Firewall iust eee edo eie sed er is 20 3 4 5 Audio eeu re ERE D PUR P ER
5. UDP Range 1700 1750 UDP e
6. kHz G 723 Speech coder at 6 3 and 5 3 Kbps data rate Medium complexity Required for H 324 Optional for H 323 G 728 16 Kbps LD CELP high quality speech coder very high complexity Optional for H 320 and H 323 G 729 8Kbps LD CELP high quality speech coder medium complexity G DSVD is an interoperable subset GSM Group Special Mobile European telephony standard not ITU Used by ProShare Video Conferencing software versions 1 0 1 8 13Kbps medium quality for voice only low complexity 2 2 2 The Video Standards H 261 Supports 352x288 CIF or FCIF and 176x144 QCIF DCT based algorithm tuned for 2B to 6B ISDN communication Required for H 320 H 323 and H 324 H 263 Much improved derivative of H 261 tuned for POTS data rates Mostly aimed at QCIF and Sub QCIF 128x96 SQCIF while providing better video than H 261 on QCIF and CIF Optional for H 323 H 264 Joint collaboration between the ITU and ISO Improved video over H 263 providing similar quality at half the bandwidth 2 2 3 The Communications Standards H 221 Frame Structure 64 1920 Kbps H 223 Multiplexing protocol for low bit rate multimedia communication H 225 Media Stream Packetization and synchronization on non guaranteed quality of service LANs H 230 Frame synchronous control and indication signals for audio visual systems H 242 System for establishing audio visual terminals using digital channels up to 2Mbps H 243 Procedures for es
7. one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 17 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 25 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 18 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2326 19 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets 3 5 9 Conferencing Through A Firewall In B4 and later TANDBERG has reduced the dynamic nature of the H 323 ports to a smaller range of possibilities If TANDBERG B4 and later solutions are used the opening the following ports incoming and outgoing will enable H 323 point to point MultiSite and DuoVideo communications through a firewall Point To Point DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555 5556 TCP e Video Range 2326 2340 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2340 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2340 UDP e MultiSite DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0
8. present TANDBERG has recognized the usefulness of streaming to businesses today TANDBERG has also realized that the 64kbps of video and audio offered by other manufacturers today is not enough in some cases Therefore TANDBERG has expanded on this concept by allowing for selectable video rates up to 320kbps video and 64kbps audio using Multicast or Unicast This feature allows users to customize their streaming needs for their applications Video can be viewed using most common viewers available for free on the Internet The video and audio are streamed using RTP and can be viewed with any RTP compatible viewer such as QuickTime supporting unicast or multicast or RealPlayer supporting multicast only Please refer to document D12408 for more details on streaming The user can choose to stream the local or far end video along with the mixed audio from both endpoints A third alternative is to stream a voice switched conference where the current speaker will be seen by the streaming viewer and audio from both sides will be mixed and heard The streaming feature has a separate streaming password to allow viewers to stream without allowing administrative rights to the system 4 3 Quality of Service 4 3 1 RSVP Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 800 880 550 and 500 From Software Version B4 x to present RSVP is specified in IETF RFC 2005 The RSVP standard is used by an endpoint to request certain qualities from the netw
9. range 2326 2500 11 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Audio Media Stream 12 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 13 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 14 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 15 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Data FECC Media Stream 16 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 17 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 11 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 18 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 19 Bob responds with O
10. sends Q 931 alerting EP2 is ringing message to 7 EP2 sends Q 931 connect message to EP2 tells GK1 that is has connected 8 sends Q 931 connect message to tells that EP2 has connected EPI Video Audio and FECC media is passed directly between EP1 and EP2 FIGURE 1 41 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 5 2 Only Called Endpoint Has Gatekeeper Endpoint 1 is not registered to a gatekeeper Endpoint 2 is registered to GK2 and is using routed signalling and direct media Step Function Translation 1 sends Q 931 setup message to EP2 dials EP2 2 EP2 sends Q 931 call proceeding message EP2 tells the call is proceeding to 3 EP2 sends Admissions Request ARQ to EP2 asks permission to accept the call from GK2 using RAS GK2 4 GK2 sends Admissions Confirm ACF to GK2 denies call and requests to route call EP2 through gatekeeper 5 EP2 responds to EP1 with Call Signalling EP2 tells EP1 where to send the call Transport Address of GK2 signalling info 6 issues Q 931 release complete message EP2 hangs up the current call to EP2 7 sends Q 931 setup message to GK2 dials GK2 Call Signalling Transport Address 8 GK2 sends Q 931 setup message to EP2 GK2 dials EP2 9 EP2 issues Admissions Request ARQ to EP2 asks for permission to answer call from GK2 GK
11. the RTP RTCP sockets 3 4 4 B3 Through A Firewall In B3 TANDBERG has reduced the dynamic nature of the H 323 ports to a smaller range of possibilities If TANDBERG B3 solutions are used the opening the following ports incoming and outgoing will enable H 323 point to point MultiSite and DuoVideo communications through a firewall Point To Point DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555 5556 TCP e Video Range 2326 2340 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2340 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2340 UDP e MultiSite DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555 5560 TCP e Video Range 2326 2375 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2375 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2375 UDP e denotes a listening port This port range will work for TANDBERG B3 solutions only Because H 323 does not require a specific range of ports other manufacturers may need to open up a larger range of ports to accommodate H 323 communications 20 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 4 5 Audio The B3 audio codec of the TANDBERG systems supports G 711 G 722 and G 728 TANDBERG uses 20ms packets to transmit audio 3 4 6 Video The B3 video codec of the
12. 120 data sharing although this support is optional The TANDBERG 550 880 1000 2500 6000 and 8000 video conferencing systems all fit the definition of a H 323 terminal TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 ru TANDBERG 880 TANDBERG 8000 TANDBERG 1000 2 1 2 Gatekeepers The gatekeeper is an optional component of H 323 that is responsible for managing other components of a H 323 network Itis a very important component to the managed network The gatekeeper has several responsibilities which include translation of E 164 aliases to IP addresses bandwidth management of incoming or outgoing calls call admission to accept or deny calls and zone management Gatekeepers can also support an optional feature that allows a call to be rerouted if there is no answer from the intended terminal Gatekeepers also help manage different H 323 zones and help manage H 323 MCU sessions Itis important to remember that while gatekeepers are optional the H 323 terminal must make use of the gatekeeper s services if the gatekeeper is present in the network Gatekeepers are typically software products that reside on a server Although many H 323 MCUs and gateways have embedded gatekeepers they usually offer less features than stand alone gatekeepers There are several gatekeepers that are readily available on the market including the Cisco MCM and the RADVision ECS 2 1 3 Gateways If there is a need for a H 323 terminal to communicate wi
13. 2 10 GK2 issues Admissions Confirm ACF to GK2 gives permission to answer call to EP2 EP2 11 EP2 sends Q 931 alerting message to GK2 EP2 tells GK2 EPI it is ringing GK2 sends Q 931 alerting message to EPI 12 EP2 sends Q 931 connect message to GK2 EP2 tells GK2 it is connected 13 GK2 sends Q 931 connect message to EPI GK2 tells it is connected Video Audio and FECC media is passed directly between EP1 and EP2 42 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 FIGURE 2 43 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 5 3 Both Endpoints Registered To Different Gatekeepers Endpoint 1 is registered to GK1 and Endpoint 2 is registered to GK2 Both are using routed signalling and direct media Step Function Translation 1 issues Admissions Request ARQ to asks permission to call from 2 issues Admissions Confirm ACF to gives permission to call to EPI 3 EPI sends Q 931 setup message to GK1 dials EP2 through 4 sends Q 931 setup message to EP2 dials EP2 5 EP2 sends Q 931 call proceeding to GK1 EP2 notifies GK1 EP1 that the call is sends Q 931 call proceeding to EPI proceeding 6 EP2 issues Admissions Request ARQ to EP2 asks for permission to answer call from GK2 GK2 7 GK2 issues Admissions Confirm ACF to GK2 will deny and ask to route cal
14. ANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software version B2 x to present The TANDBERG systems use Flow Control to control the amount of information being received from each endpoint If the TANDBERG system requires bandwidth to be freed up such as making a MultiSite call the TANDBERG system will use Flow Control to request the other endpoint to drop the bandwidth This feature comes in handy when using H 323 over networks with poor QoS such as the Internet If the TANDBERG system detects excessive packet loss it will use Flow Control to downspeed the far end overcoming the packet loss problem Packet loss can occur when routers become overloaded and discard packets or when the receiving video system cannot keep up with the transmitting video system 4 6 7 Dynamic Bandwidth Management Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software version B1 x to present 38 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 In addition TANDBERG understands how valuable the IP network is to the user and how valuable the bandwidth is to the processes that take place on that network TANDBERG systems will dynamically change the bandwidth used based on bandwidth needed during a call If the full bandwidth is not required i e low motion video the used bandwidth by the system will be decreased freeing up this bandwidth for other process such as Internet email VoIP and other applications c
15. ERR ERROR 21 3 4 6 2 m eem e ente 21 3 4 7 JitterAnd Eatency o uus eiecit e eee Sep IESU e E a ENE OET 21 3 5 B4 B5 B6 EL SOFTWARE eene eee een ER oa tert pe 22 SIES JB4 M in IP Fedt r s ee err e a e PRA RR ea ERES Parte 22 3 29 2 BO Main IP Eedtures o ee ene rb ce ire tegis 22 33 37 B6 Mu in IP Features i ute ide eei eye tea e gue NON ERU ieee SE SERE RR 22 3 9 4 El Main IP Features eiie 22 INI Layer Ports Used iet de e b RE FERRE ne 23 3 5 6 Example of Point to Point IP direct 4 23 3 5 7 Conferencing Through nennen nnne trennen 26 ERNEUT E EE 27 3 3 9 siio a eoe te e p Ra pe PE 27 3 5 10 Jitter Ard LFa ten ys d OSEE e FS 28 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 TANDBERG S H 323 FEATURES 2 0 0 00 29 4 1 SPECIAL FEATURES rers etare Rie rr ese i eoe ie i cere pe o deseen 29 UH SO M ltiSite iSo TOO nmn tag ns tutam 29 4 1 2 Intelligent Packet Loss Recovery IPLR ccsssssssssssssssssssessssssesvssssessesssssvessesssessssesessessnessess 29 4 1 3 L235 Encrypti n tae RE RENE HE EE REN E REOR GE ERR es 29 4 2 PRESENTATIONS s Het iiie ei e
16. II RFC 1213 and its own Enterprise MIB expanded upon under MIB II Details on MIB II can be found at http www faqs org rfcs rfc1213 html For security reasons the SNMP manager can be disabled by using the services command available through the dataport The SNMP manager can also be password protected using the command ippassword Disabling the SNMP manager requires B5 x software and later The functionality available through SNMP is always being improved with each version of software Later versions will be more fully featured 4 4 2 HTTP Server Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version Al x to present The TANDBERG systems have integrated web servers to allow for remote management of the systems To connect to the web server simply open an Internet browser and type in the IP address of the system to be managed For security reasons the web server can be disabled by using the services command available through the dataport The webserver can also be password protected using the command ippassword Disabling the HTTP server requires B5 x software and later 34 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 4 3 FTP Server Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version Al x to present The TANDBERG systems have integrated FTP servers to allow for software updates and configuration changes to th
17. P gt SAP 974 UDP gt denotes a listening port stream is directed to 224 2 127 254 port 9875 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 2 3 Example of Point to Point call using B1 IP direct dialing Using two sites known as Site Alice and Site Bob Alice will call Bob Call Connect 1 Alice creates a TCP socket for Q 931 and connects to Bob 1720 The source port on Alice is dynamic and cannot be predicted range 1024 65535 2 Bobcreates a TCP socket for H 245 and binds it to port 5555 3 Bob sends Q 931 connect to Alice and in this message it tells Alice what port the H 245 socket is on 4 Alice creates a TCP socket for H 245 and connects it to the specified port on Bob The source port on Alice is dynamic and cannot be predicted range 1024 65535 5 Capability sets are exchanged 6 Master slave determination 7 Callis connected Video Media Stream 8 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 9 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 10 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted
18. TANDBERG Endpoints and IP TANDBERG D12434 Rev 3 3 This document is not to be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission in writing from TANDBERG TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 Table of Contents 1 HINTRODUCTION eene HE 4 22 8232 4 4 24 COMPONENTS tier rien e t nOD E E E E AEEA ETE 4 oe m me iode n epe Nee RUM 4 2 1 2 Gatekeepers cie nae deo eene Up ee ode ated 2 153 GateWays see ih ERU PEE EO ER RI ER RUE 3 224545 Multipoint Control Units su t E e rH RU RES 6 22 STANDARDS de E 7 2 27 The Audio Standards rhe 8 2 2 2 Video Standards s iie D metr RE ERE Eee e Urt SERERE ER 8 2 2 3 Communications Standards eese eese 8 2 2 4 The Encryption Standards ea ete ea eve tee ie hse sies 8 3 TANDBERG S IP IMPLEMENTATION ccccssscssssscsscssssscsssscssssssscesscsssscssssesssssessessssoseeees 9 3 1 COMMON IMPLEMENTATION 9 3 1 1 iet t 9 32 BT SOFEWARE 5 venere RR NEP PUER odour ertet 10 3 2 L Main Features is etae tar Cas ease CR ERI EF
19. TANDBERG systems supports H 261 QCIF CIF annex D H 263 CIF 4CIF and H 263 Natural Video 60fps interlaced video custom formats SVGA VGA and SIF TANDBERG video is variable and will only take the required bandwidth to transmit the video at any given instant 3 4 7 Jitter And Latency Latency can be defined as the time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by another node The TANDBERG systems can handle any value of latency however the higher the latency the longer the delay in video and audio This may lead to conferences with undesirable delays causing participants to interrupt and speak over each other Jitter can be defined as the difference in latency Where constant latency simply produces delays in audio and video jitter can have a more adverse effect Jitter can cause packets to arrive out of order or at the wrong times TANDBERG can manage packets with jitter up to 100ms If excessive packet loss is detected the TANDBERG systems will downspeed the connection until acceptable packet loss is achieved 21 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 5 B4 B5 B6 1 B7 E2 Software 3 5 1 B4 Main IP Features The main IP features in the B4 release are 1 RSVP 2 Cascading MultiSite on IP 3 5 2 B5 Main IP Features The main IP features in the B5 release are 1 H 235 DES Encryption in point to point H 235 DES Encryption in the embedded MCU Differential Services QoS Audio only IP par
20. and RADVision TANDBERG MCU front M rear TANDBERG 2 2 Standards H 323 has its own collection of standards that are defined in the chart below We have included the other popular communications standards as a comparison TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 H 320 H 321 H 322 H 323 H 324 V1 V2 Approval Date 1990 1995 1995 1996 1998 1996 Network Narrowband Broadband ISDN Guaranteed Non guaranteed PSTN POTS switched ATM LAN bandwidth bandwidth packet analog digital ISDN packet switched switched phone system networks networks Ethernet Video H 261 261 261 261 261 263 263 263 263 263 264 264 Audio G 711 G 711 711 G 711 G 723 G 722 G 722 G 722 G 722 G 722 1 G 728 G 728 G 722 1 G 728 G 728 G 723 G 729 Multiplexing H 221 H 221 221 225 0 223 Control H 230 H 242 H 242 H 245 H 245 H 242 H 230 Multipoint H 231 H 231 H 231 H 323 H 243 H 243 H 243 Data T 120 T 120 T 120 T 120 T 120 Comm Interface 1 400 AAL 1 400 amp TCP IP V 34 Modem I 363 TCP IP AJM 1 361 PHY 1 400 Text Chat T 140 T 140 T 140 T 140 T 140 Encryption H 233 H 233 H 235 H 233 H 234 H 234 H 234 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 2 2 1 The Audio Standards G 711 64 Kbps 8K samples sec 8 bit companded PCM A law or law high quality low complexity Required for H 320 and H 323 G 722 ADPCM audio encode decode 64 kbit s 7
21. ard that describes H 323 call establishment and packetization This standard also describes the use of RAS Q 931 and RTP H 245 ITU Standard that describes H 323 syntax and semantics of terminal information messages as well as procedures to use them for in band negotiation at the start of or during communication H 323 ITU Standard that describes packet based video audio and data conferencing on networks with non guaranteed Quality of Service QoS ISP Internet Service Provider Jitter Jitter is the variation in network latency Typically video systems should be able to accommodate jitter up to at least 100ms LAN Local Area Network Latency The time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by another node Typically any latency is supportable providing it is constant but large latencies may result in a poor videoconference Packet Loss Occurs when data is lost from the bit stream typically on public networks such as the Internet Packet Loss can occur when passing through a router and has a higher chance of occurring as the hop count is increased Packet loss can also occur at the receiver end when the transmitter sends data too quick Port In TCP IP and UDP networks an endpoint to a logical connection The port number identifies what type of port it is For example port 80 is used for HTTP traffic Q 931 Used to signal call setup on ISDN Also used by H 225 to establish and dis
22. b Alice will call Bob Call Connect 1 Alice creates a TCP socket for Q 931 and connects to Bob 1720 The source port on Alice is dynamic and cannot be predicted range 1024 65535 2 TCP socket for H 245 and binds it to port 5555 3 Bob sends Q 931 connect to Alice and in this message it tells Alice what port the H 245 socket is on 4 Alice creates a TCP socket for H 245 and connects it to the specified port on Bob The source port on Alice is dynamic and cannot be predicted range 1024 65535 5 Capability sets are exchanged 6 Master slave determination 7 Callis connected Video Media Stream 8 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 9 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 10 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 11 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Audio Media Stream 12 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to t
23. ck in and send it on to the originating system For a more detailed explanation on how a NAT works please look at http www howstuffworks com nat htm 4 6 2 Auto Gatekeeper Discovery Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B1 x to present TANDBERG supports automatic gatekeeper discovery using RAS This feature allows the TANDBERG system to find an available gatekeeper and register to that gatekeeper using its E 164 alias or H 323 ID The user is not required to know the gatekeeper s IP address simply plug in the system to the IP LAN and it will auto detect the gatekeeper buy using the 224 0 1 41 Multicast address on port 1718 4 6 3 TCS 4 Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software version B2 x to present TCS 4 allows the user to specify the H 323 alias in the dial string of the party being called when calling inbound through a gatekeeper Currently if TCS 4 is not supported the user must use DTMF tones after connection to the gateway to specify the E 164 alias of the site to be reached on the LAN With TANDBERG s implementation of TCS 4 the user can now specify the E 164 alias at the time of the initial call allowing a seamless connection between a H 320 site and H 323 site Example TANDBERG 6000 E 164 alias is 56774 H 323 H 320 gateway ISDN number is 703 555 1212 To dial from an ISDN based TANDBERG directly to t
24. connect H 323 calls RAS Registration Admission and Status Protocol Used by endpoints and gatekeepers to communicate 46 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol for reserving bandwidth through a RSVP enabled IP network RTCP Real Time Control Protocol RTCP provides a mechanism for session control and has four main functions quality feedback participant identification RTCP packet transmission rate control and session control information transmission The primary function of RTCP is to provide feedback Real Time Protocol Described by H 225 on how to handle packetization of audio and video data for H 323 RTP does provide information to reconstruct real time data such as payload type identification sequence numbering and timestamping RTP does not address resource reservation and does not guarantee quality of service for real time services TCP Transport Control Protocol A connection oriented Layer 4 protocol used in H 323 to connect Q 931 and H 245 streams UDP User Datagram Protocol A connectionless protocol used in transmission of data over IP While it does not require as much overhead as TCP it is not as reliable in delivering data UDP is used to transmit audio and video data in H 323 47 TANDBERG 7 Appendix A TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 7 1 Polycom H 323 Layer 4 ports This information is provided is and is not guaranteed to be ac
25. curate as it is based on information provided by Polycom If the version of Polycom software allows for fixed port specification the following ports should be opened Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 e H 245 Range xxxx 3231 TCP Video Range xxxx 3235 UDP e Audio Range xxxx 3235 UDP e Data Far End Camera Control Range xxxx 3235 UDP The lower limit of these port ranges are user specified If the version of software from Polycom does not support user specified ports then the following ports should be opened Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 1024 65535 TCP e Video Range 1024 65535 UDP e Audio Range 1024 65535 UDP e Data Far End Camera Control Range 1024 65535 UDP e TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 7 2 PictureTel H 323 Layer 4 ports This information is provided is and is not guaranteed to be accurate as it is based on information provided by PictureTel Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 1700 1750 TCP e Video Range 17000 17050 UDP e Audio Range 17000 17050 UDP e Other
26. dec of the TANDBERG systems supports H 261 QCIF CIF annex D 263 CIF 4CIF and H 263 Natural Video 60fps interlaced video custom formats XGA SVGA VGA and SIF TANDBERG video is variable and will only take the required bandwidth to transmit the video at any given instant B4 Video size IP Header UDP Header RTP Header Total max max H 261 1450 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1490 bytes H 263 1450 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1490 bytes B5 B6 B7 E1 Video size IP Header UDP Header RTP Header Total max max H 261 1400 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1440 bytes H 263 1400 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1440 bytes E2 Video size IP Header UDP Header RTP Header Total max max H 261 1400 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1440 bytes H 263 1400 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1440 bytes H 264 1400 bytes 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 1440 bytes 27 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 for B5 B6 E1 B7 E2 software the dataport command h323mtu can be used to change the maximum video payload size to any value between 1200 1400 bytes 3 5 12 Jitter and Latency Latency can be defined as the time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by another node The TANDBERG systems can handle any value of latency however the higher the latency the longer the d
27. e systems To connect to the FTP server simply open a FTP client and type in the IP address of the system to be managed For security reasons the FTP server can be disabled by using the services command available through the dataport The FTP server can also be password protected using the command ippassword Disabling the FTP server requires B5 x software and later 4 4 4 Telnet Server Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version A1 x to present The TANDBERG systems have integrated telnet servers to allow for system control and configuration changes to the systems To connect to the telnet server simply open a telnet client and type in the IP address of the system to be managed For security reasons the telnet server can be disabled by using the services command available through the dataport The telnet server can also be password protected using the command ippassword Disabling the telnet server requires B5 x software and later 4 5 Video 4 5 1 H 264 Video Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 and 550 Software Version E2 x to present H 264 is the new video codec from the ITU that delivers comparable quality video to H 263 at half the bandwidth It is optimized to provide better quality video at lower bandwidths 4 5 2 Natural Video 60 FPS Interlaced Video Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 880 and 800 From S
28. elay in video and audio This may lead to conferences with undesirable delays causing participants to interrupt and speak over each other Jitter can be defined as the difference in latency Where constant latency simply produces delays in audio and video jitter can have a more adverse effect Jitter can cause packets to arrive out of order or at the wrong times TANDBERG can manage packets with jitter up to 100ms If excessive packet loss is detected the TANDBERG systems will make use of IPLR see document D50165 for more information or downspeeding flow control to counteract the packet loss 28 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 TANDBERG s H 323 Features TANDBERG has implemented H 323 version 4 across its entire product line beginning with Version B5 of the TANDBERG software With this release TANDBERG has elevated the basic IP terminal to a new level building on such features as Encryption H 323 MultiSite H 323 Duo Video high bandwidth streaming IP Precedence and Type of Service TOS RSVP IPLR and Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP 4 1 Special Features 4 1 1 H 323 MultiSite Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 880 and 800 From Software Version B2 x to present With version B3 of the TANDBERG software TANDBERG systems can offer a maximum of 3 sites at IMbps or 4 sites at 768kbps at business quality 30 fps utilizing H 261 or H 263 video compression over IP If you decide to
29. he TANDBERG 6000 simply type 7035551212 56774 and the call with automatically connect without have to use the IVR 37 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 6 4 Asymmetrical Encoders and Decoders Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B1 x IP to present Realizing there are many different types of videoconferencing units in the world that do not support the same video and audio algorithms TANDBERG has implemented asymmetrical encoders and decoders This feature allows different systems with different video and audio algorithms to communicate to TANDBERG without having to settle on the lowest common denominator The asymmetrical nature of the system really shines when using the embedded H 320 H 323 Multisite as TANDBERG can accept any of its supported algorithms in any combination from any site and always transmit the best video and audio to the far end 4 6 5 Inband Switching of Video and Audio Algorithms Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software version B1 x IP to present TANDBERG has the ability to change its video and audio algorithms on the fly during a conference This is valuable when switching between the live user image CIF and the live PC SVGA VGA or Document Camera 4CIF image This feature ensures the best possible picture for each source is displayed 4 6 6 Flow Control Available on the T
30. he following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 13 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 14 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 15 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Data FECC Media Stream 16 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 17 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 14 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 18 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2500 19 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets 3 3 4 B2 Through A Firewall If TANDBERG B2 solutions are used the opening the following ports incoming and outgoing will enable H 323 point to point MultiSite and DuoVideo communications th
31. ion 7 Callis connected Video Media Stream 8 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 9 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 10 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 11 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Audio Media Stream 12 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 13 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 14 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 15 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Data FECC Media Stream 16 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and
32. k which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Audio Media Stream 12 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 13 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 14 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 15 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets Data FECC Media Stream 16 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 17 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 19 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 18 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2326 19 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for
33. l to EP2 gatekeeper 8 EP2 sends GK1 Call Signalling Transport EP2 tells GK1 where to call GK2 Address of GK2 9 issues Q 931 release complete to EP2 hangs up the current call 10 issues Q 931 setup message to GK2 calls GK2 11 GK2 issues Q 931 setup message to EP2 GK2 calls EP2 12 EP2 issues Admissions Request ARW to EP2 asks for permission to answer call from GK2 GK2 13 GK2 issues Admissions Confirm ACF to GK2 gives permission to answer call to EP2 EP2 14 EP2 sends Q 931 alerting message to GK2 EP2 tells GK2 GK1 EP1 it is ringing GK2 sends Q 931 alerting message to sends Q 931 alerting to 15 EP2 sends Q 931 connect message to GK2 EP2 tells GK2 it is connected 16 GK2 sends Q 931 connect message to GK2 tells that EP2 is connected 17 sends Q 931 connect message to EPI tells that EP2 is connected Video Audio and FECC media is passed directly between and EP2 44 TANDBERG FIGURE 3 TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 45 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 6 List of Terms ASP Application Service Provider Ethernet A local area network LAN protocol developed by Xerox Corporation DEC and Intel in 1976 Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 or 100 Mbps It is one of the most widely implemented LAN standards H 225 ITU Stand
34. lable 55XX ports until the whole conference is down 18 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 4 3 Example of Point to Point call using B3 IP direct dialing Using two sites known as Site Alice and Site Bob Alice will call Bob Call Connect 1 Alice creates a TCP socket for Q 931 and connects to Bob 1720 The source port on Alice is 5555 2 Bob creates a TCP socket for H 245 and binds it to port 5555 3 Bob sends Q 931 connect to Alice and in this message it tells Alice what port the H 245 socket is on 4 Alice creates a TCP socket for H 245 and connects it to the specified port on Bob The source port on Alice is dynamic and cannot be predicted range 5556 5560 depending on the number of sites to be connected 5 Capability sets are exchanged 6 Master slave determination 7 Callis connected Video Media Stream 8 Alice creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 9 Alice sends OpenLogicalChannel to Bob which contains the address and port for the RTCP socket 10 Bob creates two UDP sockets one for RTP and one for RTCP It binds the RTP socket to an even port number and the RTCP socket to the following odd port number The RTP and RTCP ports cannot be predicted range 2326 2365 11 Bob responds with OpenLogicalChannelAc
35. make use of the MultiSite feature and want to add additional sites to your call simple dial the E 164 alias or IP address of the destination system The embedded Multisite allows for both incoming and outgoing calls TANDBERG uses flow control to automatically downspeed the current call if necessary to make room for the new connections The user is not required to know how much bandwidth is available for the next site just dial sit back and let the system intelligently provide you with the best available video and audio The MultiSite feature also allows the additional sites to dial in or dial out allowing for the maximum flexibility of any embedded MCU on the market today 4 1 2 Intelligent Packet Loss Recovery IPLR Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 880 800 1000 550 and 500 From Software Version B5 x to present TANDBERG systems have a standards based method for improving video quality under packet loss situations This method works with other vendor s endpoints and MCUs Video quality is improved on both the transmit and receive video streams Please see TANDBERG document D50165 for details on the IPLR feature 4 1 3 H 235 Encryption Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B5 x to present TANDBERG was first to market with embedded standards based encryption Today all systems with B5 and later are capable of DES encryption on IP as a standard feat
36. o images to be sent to the far end allowing 4 times higher resolution than traditional videoconferencing systems for displaying document cameras and other high resolution images This feature is available over IP and ISDN 4 6 Other 4 6 1 Network Address Translation NAT Support Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B3 x to present Network Address Translation RFC 1631 is important because of the limitations of the IP v4 addressing scheme This feature also plays into the Small Office Home Office SOHO using commercially available Internet accesses such as cable modems or xDSL Most Internet Service Providers ISPs will provide a subscriber with 1 public IP address however quite often it is important to provide multiple IP address for an office Ata minimum a home office will need an IP address for a PC as well as the video conferencing unit For the port range required by the TANDBERG systems please see the section on Firewalls in this document When a packet from a system behind the NAT arrives at the NAT the router will de encapsulate the packet and rewrite the packet with its own IP address and port 36 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 information The NAT will remember the original information and send this packet on to its destination When information returns to the NAT it will again de encapsulate the packet again and put the original information ba
37. oVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555 5560 TCP e Video Range 2326 2573 UDP Audio Range 2326 2573 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2573 UDP e FTP 21 TCP e Telnet 23 TCP 80 TCP e NTP 123 UDP incoming to codec SNMP Queries 161 UDP SNMP Traps 962 UDP outgoing from codec Netlog 963 TCP e FTP data 964 TCP e VNC 965 TCP e Streaming RTP Video 970 UDP c Streaming RTCP 971 UDP Video Streaming RTP Audio 972 UDP gt Streaming RTCP 973 UDP gt Audio SAP 974 UDP denotes a listening port stream is directed to 224 2 127 254 port 9875 While using MultiSite if a site is disconnected and reconnected without terminating the entire conference the next site to be connected will have a H 245 port outside of the specified range If this is functionality is required through a firewall the range of TCP ports can be extended past 5560 However if a site is disconnected and reconnected without ending the conference enough times you can quickly end up outside of this range again Outgoing call First call uses port 5555 for outgoing Q 931 and port 5556 for H 245 next uses port 5557 for Q 931 and port 5558 for H 245 etc Incoming call First uses port 5555 for H 245 second port 5556 etc Disconnecting a site in a call will not free up avai
38. oftware Version B1 x IP to present Natural Video is the new interlaced H 263 video format from the ITU TANDBERG has had this feature since July 2000 A2 software This annex to the H 263 standard provides the means to encode transmit and decode an interlaced video image for more lifelike motion This feature is now available over IP B2 software and later 35 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 5 3 H 263 Custom Video Formats Digital Clarity Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 Software Version B3 x to present XGA is available in Version E1 and later TANDBERG supports encoding of a true XGA E1 SVGA VGA and NTSC SIF resolutions This allows the TANDBERG to send all video signals in their true native resolution If the source is sending SVGA or VGA the receiving system will decode and display the same quality image as was sent by the transmitting side This feature is available over IP and ISDN Also supported under the H 263 custom formats is TANDBERG s use of SIF Source Input Format that allows for an improved NTSC image over traditional CIF based systems This feature is available over IP and ISDN 4 5 4 4CIF Digital Clarity Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B1 x IP to present TANDBERG was first to market with live 4CIF in February 2000 This feature allows for H 263 4CIF live vide
39. ork that will transport the video and audio data This request is made at each node throughout the network and each node must comply or the reservation will fail The Figure below shows a possible scenario for a RSVP reservation Endpoint A sends a reservation request Path message This request is processed by the routers and forwarded if the reservation is granted If all routers along the path and endpoint B grants the reservation a Reserve message is sent back to endpoint A 31 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 Path Messages b Reserve Messages RSVP is a protocol like TCP and UDP It has no concept of ports and hence it must be some sort of mechanism in the firewall to enable RSVP traffic To enable RSVP you need to find the RSVP setting and turn it on Consult the firewalls technical manual to see if there are separate settings for incoming and outgoing RSVP traffic 4 3 2 Differential Services Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B5 x to present Differential Services is another method of QoS offered by TANDBERG that utilizes 6 bits of the Type of Services Byte This method is currently replacing IP Precedence as the preferred method for setting priority of packet traffic DSCP differentiated services codepoint CU currently unused In version B5 and later the values for signaling video audio and data can all be set inde
40. ort functionality 3 FTP The systems have an embedded FTP server for uploading software directories and codec configuration files In addition the directory and codec configuration files can be downloaded using FTP 4 SNMP The systems have an embedded SNMP manager for proactive reporting of problems and systems status The TANDBERG Management Suite TMS makes use of this feature With B5 and later software these services can be disabled TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 2 B1 Software 3 2 1 Main Features The main IP features in the B1 release are H 323 point to point calls H 323 max bandwidth of 2Mbps Streaming not in a call Cisco s IP Precedence H 323 Version 2 ee Se 3 2 2 Layer 4 Ports Used Point to Point MultiSite DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP e Q 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 1024 65535 TCP e Video Range 2326 2500 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2500 UDP es Data FECC Range 2326 2500 UDP e FTP 21 TCP e Telnet 23 TCP 80 e NTP 123 UDP lt incoming to codec SNMP Queries 161 UDP SNMP Traps 962 UDP outgoing from codec Netlog 963 TCP e FTP data 964 TCP e VNC 965 TCP e Streaming RTP Video 970 UDP Streaming RTCP Video 971 UDP Streaming RTP Audio 972 UDP Streaming RTCP Audio 973 UD
41. penLogicalChannelAck which contains the addresses and ports for the RTP RTCP sockets 3 2 4 B1 Through A FireWall If TANDBERG B1 solutions are used opening the following ports incoming and outgoing will enable H 323 point to point MultiSite and DuoVideo communications through a firewall Point to Point MultiSite DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP e Q 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 1024 65535 TCP e Video Range 2326 2500 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2500 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2500 UDP e This port range should work for most manufacturers of video conferencing endpoints denotes a listening port 32 5 Audio IP The audio codec of TANDBERG systems supports G 711 G 722 and G 728 TANDBERG uses 20ms packets to transmit audio 3 2 6 Video IP The video codec of the TANDBERG systems supports H 261 QCIF CIF annex D and H 263 CIF 4CIF TANDBERG video is variable and will only take the required bandwidth to transmit the video at a given instant 3 2 7 Latency Latency can be defined as the time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by another node The TANDBERG systems can handle any value of latency however the higher the latency the longer the delay in video and audio This may lead to conferences with undesirable delays causing participants
42. pendently by the user administrator 32 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 3 3 IP Precedence and Type of Service Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B1 x to present TANDBERG has implemented IP Precedence and Type of Service TOS IP Precedence allows the video terminal to prioritize its video and audio above or below other IP traffic on the same network Bits 0 2 Precedence Bit 3 0 Normal Delay 1 Low Delay Bits 4 0 Normal Throughput 1 High Throughput Bits 5 0 Normal Relibility 1 High Relibility Bit 6 7 Reserved for Future Use 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PRECEDENCE ED T RE 91 9 1 Precedence 111 Network Control 110 Internetwork Control 101 CRITIC ECP 100 Flash Override 011 Flash 010 Immediate 001 Priority 000 Routine Signaling n n User config Video n n n 2 n 2 User config Audio n n n 2 n 2 User config Data FECC n n 3 n 3 User config Where n is the value set by the user in the menu system The TOS values available are maximum throughput minimum monetary cost minimum delay maximum reliability and normal off This feature is used to allow routers to make decisions on how to delay traffic if congestion occurs The QoS capabilities of the TANDBERG systems can be used to manage a private LAN or WAN more effectively IP P
43. r up to 100ms 3 4 B3 Software 3 4 1 Main Features The main IP features in the B3 release are 9 ec 52 de H 323 and H 320 in the same conference DuoVideo in MultiSite MultSite Voice Switch Mode new on IP Automatic DuoVideo Max bandwidth of 3Mbps H 263 Custom Formats SVGA VGA SIF iSIF 4SIF H 323 Version 3 Network Address Translation NAT Support Flow Control During Packet Loss 10 Virtual Network Computing VNC Support 11 Cisco IP TV support B3 1 16 TANDBERG 3 4 2 Layer 4 Ports Used Point To Point Duo Video TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP e Q 93 Call Setup 1720 e H 245 Range 5555 5556 TCP e Video Range 2326 2341 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2341 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 234 UDP e FTP 21 TCP e Telnet 23 80 TCP e NTP 123 UDP lt incoming to codec SNMP Queries 161 UDP lt SNMP Traps 962 UDP outgoing from codec Netlog 963 TCP e FTP data 964 TCP e VNC 965 TCP e Streaming RTP Video 970 UDP z Streaming RTCP 971 UDP gt Video Streaming RTP Audio 972 UDP Streaming RTCP 973 UDP Audio SAP 974 UDP 17 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 MultiSite Du
44. recedence and TOS help prioritize IP traffic control congestion and allow for a better integration of video conferencing into an existing LAN In times of high network stress these features will help the routers to drop lower precedence data to increase router stability and offer higher probability that the video conferencing data will reach its destination In some instances it may help provide a larger proportion of the link without having to configure policy In the near future Differential 33 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 Services may be available from ISP s and ASP s that will use the TOS information to offer better services to the users In version B5 and later the values for signaling video audio and data can all be set independently by the user administrator 4 4 Remote Management 4 4 1 Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version A2 x to present Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP is a feature available on most IP based technologies and required by IT professionals to aid in effectively managing their networks SNMP was developed to reduce the complexities of managing IP based technologies and minimize the amount of resources required to support it Management programs such as the TANDBERG Management Suite use this feature to provide proactive management of video networks Currently TANDBERG supports MIB
45. rit eet ge e p tne ine fenus 30 qu HOD D o VIRO 30 4 2 2 High Bandwidth Streaming nete treten 31 4 3 QUALITY OF un hobbies E poe Witt etate eee 31 4o o E e et eed ettet rapiens ed 31 4 3 2 Differential Services seb t d ae OU bute case OPERE ss E Ss 32 4 3 3 Precedence Type of Service een ettet 33 4 4 REMOTE MANAGEMENT reborn Er ee eie Ree Yt t eh TE PEs REESE eh Cha 34 4 44 1 Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP eese eene 34 q42 HTEPSSeFVeri sse Rede rto eei A ee oe eee 34 44 FIP eee 35 BAAN 35 4 5 35 4 5 1 Natural Video 60 FPS Interlaced Video ettet 35 4 5 2 263 Custom Video Formats Digital Clarity REDEEM 36 asesinos utem ea UE 36 4 6 OTHER e eae 36 4 6 1 Network Address Translation NAT Support eese eene 36 4 6 2 Auto Gatekeeper Discovery isurlea eai teen en eene en rennen enne tnte trennen trennen 37 4 0 3
46. rough a firewall Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP 0 931 Call Setup 1720 e H 245 Range 1024 65535 TCP e Video Range 2326 2500 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2500 UDP e Data FECC Range 2326 2500 UDP e denotes a listening port 3 3 5 Audio The B2 audio codec of the TANDBERG systems supports G 711 G 722 and G 728 TANDBERG uses 20ms packets to transmit audio 3 3 6 Video The B2 video codec of the TANDBERG systems supports H 261 QCIF CIF annex D H 263 CIF 4CIF and H 263 Natural Video 60fps interlaced video TANDBERG video is variable and will only take the required bandwidth to transmit the video at any given instant 3 3 7 Jitter And Latency Latency can be defined as the time between a node sending a message and receipt of the message by another node The TANDBERG systems can handle any value of latency however the higher the latency the longer the delay in video and audio This may lead to conferences with undesirable delays causing participants to interrupt and speak over each other Jitter can be defined as the difference in latency Where constant latency simply produces delays in audio and video jitter can have a more adverse effect Jitter can cause packets to 15 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 arrive out of order or at the wrong times TANDBERG can manage packets with jitte
47. rtant to remember a gatekeeper is mandatory if using a gateway or MCU in your network design There are 3 types of gatekeepers available direct signalling and direct media routed signalling and direct media and routed signalling and routed media The most common in use today is the routed signalling and direct media gatekeeper The next few examples will describe calls using routed signalling and direct media gatekeepers 40 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 5 1 Only Calling Endpoint Has Gatekeeper Endpoint 1 EP1 is registered to a local Gatekeeper 1 GK1 Endpoint 2 EP2 is not registered to a gatekeeper Gatekeeper is using routed signalling and direct media Step Function Translation 1 issues Admissions Request ARQ asks permission from to EP2 to GK1 using RAS 2 issues Admission Confirm gives permission to call EP2 to EPI using RAS 3 sends Q 931 setup message to dials the IP address of EP2 and sends it to 4 sends Q 931 setup message to dials the IP address of EP2 EP2 5 sends Q 931 call proceeding tells the call is in process EP2 tells message to EP1 EP2 sends Q 931 call the call is in process proceeding message to GK1 6 EP2 sends Q 931 alerting message to EP2 tells the GK1 it is ringing GK1 tells EPI that
48. t Exchange IPX Due to the need to communicate between smaller networks connected to the Internet IP will be a more popular transport for H 323 Today the dominant method of Internet communications is email However there is a growing need to increase communications to include audio video and data The explosion of the Internet in the early 1990 s has paved the way to higher bandwidth connections to corporate offices universities and even to the home Now that the bandwidth is available the demand for multimedia communications over the Internet is growing 2 What is H 323 H 323 is an umbrella recommendation from the International Telecommunications Union ITU that sets standards for terminals and other entities that provide multimedia communications services over Packet Based Networks PBN which may not provide a guaranteed Quality of Service 2 1 Components H 323 specifies several new standards to allow for communications between terminals on IP networks These standards dictate how different mandatory and optional components of the H 323 standard interoperate with each other The major network components of H 323 include the mandatory terminal and the optional gatekeeper gateway and multipoint control unit MCU 2 1 1 Terminals The terminal or endpoint must support a minimum of G 711 audio H 225 H 245 Q 931 and RTP If the terminal supports video it must support a minimum of H 261 QCIF The terminal may support T
49. tablishing communication between three or more audio visual terminals using digital channels up to 2 Mbps H 245 Control of communications between visual telephone systems and terminal equipment on non guaranteed bandwidth LANs 2 2 4 The Encryption Standards H 233 Confidentiality system for audiovisual services H 234 Encryption key management and authentication system for audiovisual services Diffe Hellman key exchange H 235 Security and Encryption for H 323 multimedia terminals TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 TANDBERG s IP Implementation TANDBERG implemented IP video in all of its products beginning with B1 in October 2000 There have been several subsequent versions of software since that have expanded the feature set of the TANDBERG products some of which are defined in this document For a full description of the features please consult your user s manual Version Release Date Bl October 2000 B2 February 2001 B3 July 2001 B4 February 2002 B5 November 2002 6 1 January 2003 B7 E2 July 2003 Please consult the appropriate section for details on a particular version of software 3 1 Common Implementation Features 3 1 1 Remote Management TANDBERG systems have four methods of remote management 1 HTTP The systems have an embedded web browser for remote setup and control Telnet The systems have an embedded telnet server for full access to the codec s datap
50. th another terminal on a H 320 H 324 or analog PSTN networks a H 323 gateway is required to perform the translation This optional component typically has ISDN and IP network connections and support the translation between these two networks The number of simultaneous connections allowed through a gateway is not specified in any standard so there are different options available from different manufacturers Gateways typically have built in gatekeepers with minimal features TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 H 323 H 320 Gateway Protocol Translation d and Transcoding Processing H 323 Terminals H 320 Terminals There are a several manufacturers of gateways on the market today Some good examples are the TANDBERG Gateway Cisco 3540 gateway and the RADVision ViaIP gateway TANDBERG Gateway front TANDBERG Gateway rear 2 1 4 Multipoint Control Units The last of the major components is the MCU which controls conferences between 3 or more terminals The H 323 MCU may be a separate component or may be incorporated into a terminal The TANDBERG 880 2500 6000 and 8000 have optional software packages that enable internal H 323 MCU capabilities The TANDBERG products are capable of providing MCU services for up to 4 sites If support for more than 4 sites is required TANDBERG recommends and can provide larger MCUs There are a several manufacturers of MCUs on the market today Some good examples include TANDBERG Cisco
51. the entire conference the next site to be connected will have a H 245 port outside of the specified range If this functionality is required to operate through a firewall the range of TCP ports can be extended past 5560 However if a site is disconnected and reconnected without ending the conference a sufficient number of times it is possibly to quickly exceed this range once more Outgoing call First call uses port 5555 for outgoing Q 931 and port 5556 for H 245 next uses port 5557 for Q 931 and port 5558 for H 245 etc Incoming call First uses port 5555 for H 245 second port 5556 etc Disconnecting a site in a call will not free up available 55XX ports until the whole conference is down 24 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 5 8 Example of Point to Point IP direct dialing Using two sites known as Site Alice and Site Bob Alice will call Bob Call Connect 1 Alice creates a TCP socket for Q 931 and connects to Bob 1720 The source port on Alice is 5555 2 Bob creates a TCP socket for H 245 and binds it to port 5555 3 Bob sends Q 931 connect to Alice and in this message it tells Alice what port the H 245 socket is on 4 Alice creates a TCP socket for H 245 and connects it to the specified port on Bob The source port on Alice is dynamic and cannot be predicted range 5556 5560 depending on the number of sites to be connected 5 Capability sets are exchanged 6 Master slave determinat
52. ticipants in the embedded MCU Disable FTP Telnet HTTP SNMP and H 323 Intelligent Packet Loss Recovery IPLR H 323 Version 4 DIN deu pa 3 5 3 B6 Main IP Features The main IP features in the B6 release are 1 AES Encryption 2 SNMP Security Alert Notification 3 H 323 Empty Capabilities 4 MCU Request Floor Functionality 3 5 4 E1 Main IP Features The main IP features in the release 1 XGA Native Resolution AES Encryption SNMP Security Alert Notification H 323 Empty Capabilities MCU Request Floor Functionality se up 3 5 5 B7 Main IP Features The main IP features in B7 release are 1 Chair Control H 243 G722 1 Audio 20 amp 40ms Audio Packet Sizes H323 56k Bearer Cap Support H323 Port Static Dynamic IP Conflict Warning MDS Challenge Encryption Password for Telnet 22 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 5 6 E2 Main IP Feature The main IP features in E2 release are 1 H264 Video Chair Control H 243 G722 1 Audio 20 amp 40ms Audio packet Sizes H323 56k Bearer Cap Support H323 Port Static Dynamic IP Conflict Warning MD5 Challenge Encryption Password for Telnet OO SUC ON OM pec DO 3 5 7 Layer 4 Ports Used Point To Point DuoVideo Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP e Q 931 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 5555
53. to interrupt and speak over each other 12 TANDBERG 3 3 B2 Software 3 3 1 Main Features The main IP features in the B2 release are DuoVideo DI Um UE Far End Camera Control TCS 4 support for gateways Natural Video H 263 60fps interlaced video Cisco s Type of Service ToS Streaming during a call up to 384kbps 3 3 2 Layer 4 Ports Used Point to Point MultiSite DuoVideo MultiSite 4 sites at 768kbps 3 sites at IMbps TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 Function Port Type Direction Gatekeeper RAS 1719 UDP e Gatekeeper Discovery 224 0 1 41 1718 UDP e Q 93 Call Setup 1720 TCP e H 245 Range 1024 65535 TCP e Video Range 2326 2500 UDP e Audio Range 2326 2500 UDP es Data FECC Range 2326 2500 UDP e FTP 21 TCP e Telnet 23 ACC pes 80 e NTP 123 UDP lt incoming to codec SNMP Queries 161 UDP lt SNMP Traps 962 UDP outgoing from codec Netlog 963 TCP e FTP data 964 TCP e VNC 965 TCP e Streaming RTP Video 970 UDP Streaming RTCP Video 971 UDP Streaming RTP Audio 972 UDP Streaming RTCP Audio 973 UDP SAP 974 UDP denotes a listening port stream is directed to 224 2 127 254 port 9875 13 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 3 3 3 Example of Point to Point call using B2 IP direct dialing Using two sites known as Site Alice and Site Bo
54. ure In B6 E1 the option to install AES 128bit encryption on IP is also available 29 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 2 Presentations 4 2 1 H 323 Duo Video Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 880 and 800 From Software Version B1 x to present Duo Video is a revolutionary new concept that TANDBERG introduced early in 2000 and is now available during a MultiSite call This feature uses the current ITU T standards to allow for 2 simultaneous live video streams to be transmitted and received Simply choose to Add Duo select your second video source and the call connects automatically If you prefer you may set your system to automatic Duo and simply pressing any peripheral source key will automatically open Duo Video The system supports downspeeding and upspeeding on this feature to provide bandwidth for Duo Video and to release this bandwidth when the Duo Video session is over This clever use of the current standards empowers businesses to have face to face meetings and share content without losing the face to face contact that makes a successful meeting Any live video source including the direct XGA input of the system document camera DVD and VCR can be transmitted using the Duo Video functionality 30 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 4 2 2 High Bandwidth Streaming Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software Version B2 x
55. urrently sharing the corporate network 4 6 8 Lip Sync Available on the TANDBERG 8000 7000 6000 2500 1000 880 800 550 and 500 From Software version B2 x to present Synchronizing audio to video on synchronous networks such as ISDN is a task most video conferencing units today are capable of doing very well However IP is an asynchronous network that sends audio and video separately It is easy to see that these two streams may not arrive at their destination at the same time Lip sync problems are a certainty if precautions are not taken in the implementation of the codec TANDBERG supports sequencing of the video and audio IP packets and the reassembly of these packets at the destination if they are received out of order If the video stream is received before the audio stream the TANDBERG codec will buffer this data until the necessary audio is received and reassemble the data the codec will use to reproduce a clear image with exceptional sound quality and lip sync at the destination site 39 TANDBERG TANDBERG Endpoints and IP Rev 3 3 5 H 323 Communications with TANDBERG Systems It is important to understand exactly how H 323 communications take place Without this understanding it is near impossible to create a solution that will be flexible enough to compete with ISDN technology in ease of use To begin we must examine the elements of session establishment handshaking and exchange of audio video and data It is also impo
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