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1. MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual S27 Reference TLT 0753 REF PlatformArchitecture MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Confidentiality amp Intellectual Property All right reserved Information technical data and tutorials contained in this document are IS2T S A Proprietary under Copyright Law Without any written permission from IS2T S A copying or sending parts of the document or the entire document by any means to third parties is not permitted including but not limited to electronic communication photocopies mechanical reproduction systems Granted authorizations for using parts of the document or the entire document do not mean they give public full access rights IceTea IS2T MicroJvm MicroEJ S3 SNI SOAR Drag Emb Drop IceOS Shielded Plug and all associated logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of IS2T S A in France Europe United States or others Countries Java is Sun Microsystems trademark for a technology for developing application software and deploying it in crossplatform networked environments When it is used in this documentation without adding the symbol it includes implementations of the technology by companies other than Sun Java all Java based marks and all related logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the United States and other Countries Other trademarks are proprietary of their2. xs integer gt lt xs simpleType gt lt complex type arrayTypewithAttribute type of array element gt lt xs complexType name arrayTypewWithAttribute gt lt xs simpleContent gt lt xs extension base arrayType gt lt xs attribute name id type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name class type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name createdAt type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name createdInThread type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name createdInMethod type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name length type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name elementsType type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name type type xs string use optional gt lt xs extension gt lt xs simpleContent gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs schema gt Table 15 2 XML schema for heap dumps 15 2 2 File Specification Types referenced in heap dumps are represented in the internal classfile format Figure 15 1 Fully qualified names are names separated by separator For example a b C 28 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Type lt BaseType gt lt ClassType gt lt ArrayType gt BaseType B byte C char D double F float I int J long S short Z boolean ClassType L lt ClassName gt ArrayType lt Type gt Figure 15 1 Interna
3. 2 Shielded Plug compiler error Messages sese ee eee eree eee eee 22 11 1 ECOM configuration variables sese eee 23 11 2 ECOM error MESSAGES anier ae aea EN NEA E E EN EEE E ESENS 23 12 1 ECOM Comm configuration variables sese sees eee eee eee 24 12 2 ECOM COMM error T 24 Tat ME Endine OPtlons eae aE tt N 27 15 2 XML schema for heap dumps sss eee eee ee eee 27 15 3 Tag descriptions eaei o iaa da tas ees een AE E EREE Ee OE ENE EE EEE E IA 29 15 4 SimJPF specific configuration variables sees 29 16 1 NLS Immutables Creator errors messages esse eee ee ee eee 30 LAA EMmMbJPE Liita ONS RN 31 172s SIMJPE Limitations ereenn OR 31 18 1 Java LD anionen nre A Ad iii 32 18 2 EmbJPE Low Level API cod atra dede is 32 SS A ON 32 18 4 e MU os 32 18 5 o A NON 32 18 6 Java LIDrari o at A asada 32 18 7 EmbJPF Low Level API TTT 33 A A RN 33 18 9 SPOOIS RN 33 IN NO 33 18 11 EmbJPE Low Level API cuina oda dia cit 33 18 12 SiM AA eaaa O 33 18 13 A en tine obs tycoon ye dances ou E os eR a E de cous nods Cause a eaea ON 33 1844 Java LIDAN ESE Se H e e a 34 18 15 EmbJPF L w Level AP isc a ARA tree IA Ae athe 34 18 16 SimJ O 34 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 1 Bibliography JVM Tim Lindholm amp Frank Yellin The Java Virtual Machine Specification Second Edition 1999 EDC Embedded Device Configuration ESR 021 http www e s r net B ON Beyond ESR 001 http www e s r net SNIGT Simple N
4. E E e NEE 18 BON eroaren nnee tin A Ee EE I EEEE E EE os it 19 8 1 Immutable Files Related Error Messages sese ee eee 19 8 2 E T 19 SN A ER 20 9 1 SNI Link Time Error Messages sese 20 O a a il a dd 21 10 1 XML File Description nesens rneeste s serae tiber entes ao seos 21 10 2 SP Compiler 21 10 3 Error Messages veias ladilla iii 22 VEE OMG ni AA A Ai 23 11 1 Configuration a ata iO ae pies 23 IA o A AAA dens Speedy vanias daveueeteycatibe NaS 23 12 EGOM TTT 24 1 152 COMPUTATION A IR NIN 24 12 2 Error A AA ves EE weds osauveveseuavececsesvevcveds vase osenuevess TEE deve 24 13 EELMIVM Low Level JPE API a ica da 25 13 1 Principle T 25 13 2 Naming T STs T 25 13 32 Porting the JRF minne n Gleavinaesecsslovete ssgesterig e a e o eii 25 14 LLCOMM Low Level ECOM Comm API sees 26 wT Naming Conventillo 26 14 2 Header TTT 26 TE TET TTT 27 15 1 HEL Engine Opuons TE 27 15 2 Heap Dumping HHH 27 153 CONAGUA A A tania 29 16 Native Language Support NLS sese eee eee 30 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 16 1 IOtrO GU CHO toi ob eas saved TT 30 16 2 NLS Immutables Creator Errors Messages e 30 R Limitations snaren e iE AEE N EENE N E N A NE E A N 31 17 1 EMDJPEF TEST 31 Tra SUDI PEF LIMIGOS eel E N 31 18 Platform Architecture Features History ee 32 A EEEE EAR EENE AE 32 Ite PAASA O N O O 32 A NO 33 18 4 10 O 34 19 Changes LG O NO 35 O 35 A R O TTT 35 19 35203 A nos ea 36 LA OR 38 MicroEJ
5. Reference Manual Heap Analyzer 1 1 0 Memory Map File Interpreter 1 2 4 MicroEJ Java H 1 0 0 Table 18 13 Tools 18 4 1 0 1 CLDC 1 1 B ON 1 2 SNI 1 1 SP 1 0 0 Table 18 14 Java Libraries LLMJVM 1 0 LLSP 1 0 Table 18 15 EmbJPF Low Level API HIL 1 0 Table 18 16 SimJPF 34 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 19 Changes Log 19 1 5 3 0 19 1 1 ECOM e ECOM 1 1 API and implementation device management 19 1 2 ECOM COMM e ECOM COMM 1 1 API and implementation dynamic Comm ports 19 1 3 LLCOMM e Add LLAPIs for Comm connections initialization and dynamic registration unregistration 19 1 4 LLCOMM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION e Add LLAPIs to get Comm connection name and properties 19 1 5 LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION e Add LLAPIs to get Comm connection name and properties 19 1 6 LLEXT_RES e External Resources Loader Low Level API 19 1 7 LLMJVM e Update error codes list 19 1 8 HIL e Add SNI utility methods in the HILEngine API 19 1 9 External Resources Loader e Add External Resources Loader core feature 19 2 5 0 0 19 2 1 Check Helper e Add Java tooling library for Test Suite Engine 19 2 2 Components e Add Components library 19 2 3 EDC e Replace CLDC library by EDC library 19 2 4 Logging e Add Logging library 35 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 19 2 5 NLS e Move NLS library from XPF
6. authors MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Table of Contents A cchwen EE EEEE R E cee een aea Ns hee sean ett dares 6 25 INTO UCA O eiii iia cht celia RE aE EEEE REE E sir 7 S H NO 7 2 2 A tended Audience neciesa esi eaii naeia oaa aED TS E EE A i 7 2 3 Configuration Variables seisnes RRR YER NK RAN SENA NR rieira ES 7 2 4 JPF Components Overview vessicecsectecizecss rA aE ANE A ERE AE IAR 7 250 Scheduler ois ci iss AOS 8 2 6 5mart RAM L Tes 2 aiii iia REEE E AEE iia 8 3 Edition NaMe Version LA A A AI a tei E aini 9 da TT 10 4 1 Resource Requirements A TEE e E E E 10 4 2 Standard P Ts 10 4 3 Specific Libraries amp APIS cccccccccccccccesececececesececesecesesesesesesssesesesesesesssesesesesesesesese 10 A A EA AAA shenedes chenedes theses sacdeaeetesnncedes chencdecsanees 10 4 5 C nfig rati N RN 11 5 SOAR the Smart Linker s c c03 59 se scesbvecevecaventvvnsevcev og obs seed EEE REEE NEEE atenas 12 3 Ly AMMOMUCH OM ti en asec sishGees tes a aa a che ods evden E e aa a EEA a aai 12 5 22 Loading e Te 13 53 Cl ss Initialization Order TTT 13 e Taror MESSAGES caesar ON 13 6 Java Gore Libraries 00 AA A a Ree awe E E EEE a 16 GL JaVa PLOPCrtses NA 16 6 2 Generne OUUPUL suis a N E ETAN TAA nono 16 6 3 Error TTT 16 6 4 Exit CodeS ee eea a E E Eae EEEE EEEE E AE A EEE RAE EEEE aE Ee ET 16 Ts D CLE O E E 18 Ziy Error Messages socie eredni O 18 7 27 CONLPBULALION ie a EE A E
7. finally blocks must be inlined 350 SNI incompatibility some specified type should be an array 351 SNI incompatibility some type should defined some specified field 352 SNI incompatibility the specified field is not compatible with SNI 353 SNI incompatibility the specified type must be a class 354 SNI incompatibility the specified type must defined the specified static field 355 SNI file error the data must be an integer 356 SNI file error unexpected tag 357 SNI file error attributes lt name gt lt descriptor gt lt index gt and lt size gt are expect ed in the specified tag 358 SNI file error invalid SNI tag value 359 Error parsing SNI file 360 XML Error on parsing SNI file 361 SNI incompatibility illegal call to the specified data 362 No stack found for the specified native group 363 Invalid SNI method The argument cannot be an object reference 364 Invalid SNI method The array argument must only be a base type array 365 Invalid SNI method The return type must be a base type 366 Invalid SNI method The method must be static Table 5 1 SOAR error messages 15 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 6 Java Core Libraries A Java core library is the library which provides the basic Java concepts and classes Without this library it is not possible to write any Java application MicroEJ provides several Java core libraries Only one library can be installed into the
8. neers in a driver The names of these functions match the LLCOM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION_IMPL_ or the LLCOM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION_IMPL_ pattern 14 2 Header Files Four C header files are provided e LLCOMM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION_impl h Defines the set of functions that the driver must implement to provide a Buffered connection e LLCOMM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION h Defines the set of functions provided by ECOM Comm that can be called by the driver or other C code when using a Buffered connection e LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION_impl h Defines the set of functions that the driver must implement to provide a Custom connection e LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION h Defines the set of functions provided by ECOM Comm that can be called by the driver or other C code when using a Custom connection 26 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 15 Simulation 15 1 HIL Engine Options Below are the HIL Engine options Option name Description verbose e e Extra messages are printed out to the console add extra e to get more messages ip lt address gt SimJPF connection IP address A B C D By default set to local host port lt port gt SimJPF connection port By default set to 8001 connectTimeout lt timeout gt timeout in s for SimJPF connections By default set to 10 seconds excludes lt name sep name gt Types that will be excluded from the HIL Engine class resolution provided mocks By default no types
9. opened Only one stream per kind of stream input or output stream can be opened at the same time 5 Too many connections have been opened at the same time The platform is not able to open a new one Try to close an useless connection before trying to open the new connection Table 11 2 ECOM error messages 23 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 12 ECOM Comm 12 1 Configuration The library implementation has application specific configuration variables Variable Meaning ECOM_COMM_01 Configures whether the ECOM Comm connection factory is enabled If it is not enabled it is not possible to create ECOM Comm connections ECOM_COMM_02 Configures the mappings between application port ids and the defined plat form ids ECOM_COMM_03 Configures whether the ECOM Comm dynamic connection registration mech anism is enabled Table 12 1 ECOM Comm configuration variables 12 2 Error Messages When an exception is thrown by the implementation of the ECOM COMM API the error message ECOM COMM E lt messageld gt is issued where lt messageld gt meaning is defined in the next table Message ID Description 1 The connection descriptor must start with comm Reserved The Comm port is unknown The connection descriptor is invalid The Comm port is already open The baudrate is unsupported The number of bits per character is
10. platform at any time 6 1 Java Properties Java properties allow the Java application to be parameterized using the System getProperty API The definition of the properties and their respective values can be done using files Each filename of a properties file must match with system properties and must be located in properties package of the application classpath These files follow the Java property list specification key value pairs microedition encoding IS0 8859 1 Figure 6 1 Example of content of a Java properties file Java properties can also be defined in the launch configuration This can be done by setting the properties in the launcher with a specific prefix in their name properties for both the SimJPF and the EmbJPF name starts with microej java property e properties for the SimJPF name starts with sim java property e properties for the EmbJPF name starts with emb java property For example to define the property myProp with the value thevalue set the following option in the vm arguments field of the JRE tab of the launch configuration Dmicroej java property myProp theValue Figure 6 2 Example of Java property definition in launch configuration 6 2 Generic Output The System err stream is connected to the System out print stream See below for how to configure the destination of these streams 6 3 Error Messages When an exception is thrown by the runtime the error message Generic E lt messageld
11. prefix for block IDs genIdsJava When specified generate Java interfaces file with block ID con stants jOutputDir dir Output directory of Java interfaces files Default is current directo ry jPackage name The name of the package for Java interfaces Table 10 1 Shielded Plug compiler options 10 3 Error Messages Message ID Description 0 Internal limits reached 1 Invalid endianness 2 Invalid output architecture 3 Error while reading writing files 4 Missing mandatory option Table 10 2 Shielded Plug compiler error messages 22 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 11 ECOM ECOM is the communication core library 11 1 Configuration The library implementation has application specific configuration variables Variable Meaning ECOM_01 Configures whether the ECOM device notification mechanism is enabled Table 11 1 ECOM configuration variables 11 2 Error Messages When an exception is thrown by the implementation of the ECOM API the error message ECOM 1 1 E lt messageld gt is issued where lt messageld gt meaning is defined in the next table Message ID Description 1 The connection has been closed No more action can be done on this connection 2 The connection has been already closed 3 The connection description is invalid The connection cannot be opened 4 The connection stream has been already
12. the MicroJvm life cycle API create start stop destroy the usage of this API is described in Section 13 LLMJVM Low Level JPF API of this document 9 1 SNI Link Time Error Messages The following error messages are issued at SOAR time and not at runtime Message ID Description 363 Argument cannot be a reference 364 Argument can only be from a base type array 365 Return type must be a base type 366 Method must be a static method Table 9 1 SNI error messages 20 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 10 SP 10 1 XML File Description The Shielded Plug SP provides data segregation with a clear publish subscribe API The data sharing between modules uses the concept of shared memory blocks with introspection The database is made of blocks chunks of RAM Module 1 Module 2 written in ShieldedPlug written in Java or C Database Java or C Figure 10 1 A Shielded Plug between two application Java C modules The implementation of the SP for the JPF uses a XML file description to describe the database the syntax follows the one proposed by SP 10 2 SP Compiler ShieldedPlug SP file SP Database Sn compiler lt C My Java file java Figure 10 2 Shielded Plug compiler flow The Shielded Plug compiler takes as input a shielded plug description XML It outputs e A description of the requested resources of the database as a binary file o that wil
13. to these codes Consult the platform specific User s Manual to see how to set or view configuration variables 2 4 JPF Components Overview Platform Architecture features a tiny and fast runtime associated with a smart RAM optimizer They provide four built in libraries B ON EDC SNIGT and SP Figure 2 1 shows the components involved SP file SP xml compiler User SP Binary SOAR Boit JS smart application Database class linker JPF runtime B ON EDC SNIGT SP Immutables xml Smart RAM Properties APL i API i API key value a n Drivers amp Firmware Resources input output of a tool Figure 2 1 JPF Runtime Components tools libraries amp APIs MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual The three APIs Simple Native Interface SNI Low Level MicroJvm virtual machine LLMJVM and Low Level Shielded Plug LLSP allow the JPF runtime to link and port to legacy code such as any kind of RTOS or legacy C libraries 2 5 Scheduler The JPF features a green thread architecture platform that can interact with the C world SNIGT The green thread policy is as follow e preemptive for different priorities e round robin for same priorities e priority inheritance protocol when priority inversion occurs L Java stacks associated with the threads automatically adapt their sizes according to the thread require ments once the thread has finished its associate
14. unsupported The number of stop bits is unsupported WO CO NI nl ur El WI N The parity is unsupported ER kad E The input stream cannot be opened because native driver is not able to create a RX buffer to store the incoming data The output stream cannot be opened because native driver is not able to create a TX buffer to store the outgoing data ER N The given connection descriptor option cannot be parsed Table 12 2 ECOM COMM error messages 24 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 13 LLMJVM Low Level JPE API 13 1 Principle 13 2 Naming Convention The Low Level MicroJvm API the LLMjvm API relies on functions that need to be implemented The naming convention for such functions is that their names match the LLMJVM_IMPL_ pattern 13 3 Porting the JPF Here is a summary of the functions that need to be implemented to port the JPF e LLMJVM_IMPL_initialize e LLMJVM_IMPL_vmTaskStarted e LLMJVM_IMPL_scheduleRequest e LLMJVM_IMPL_idlevM e LLMJVM_IMPL_wakeupVM e LLMJVM_IMPL_ackwakeup e LLMJVM_IMPL_getCurrentTaskID e LLMJVM_IMPL_setApplicationTime e LLMJVM_IMPL_getCurrentTime e LLMJVM_IMPL_getTimeNanos e LLMJVM_IMPL_isInReadOnlyMemory 25 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 14 LLCOMM Low Level ECOM Comm API 14 1 Naming Convention The Low Level Comm API LLCOMM relies on functions that need to be implemented by engi
15. xs choice gt lt xs attribute name id type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name class type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name createdAt type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name createdInThread type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name createdInMethod type xs string gt lt xs attribute name tag type xs string use required gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs element gt lt array element gt lt xs element name array type arrayTypewithAttribute gt lt stringLiteral element gt lt xs element name stringLiteral gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs sequence gt lt xs element minOccurs 4 maxOccurs 4 ref field gt lt xs sequence gt lt xs attribute name id type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name class type xs string use required gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs element gt lt field element child of class object and stringLiteral gt lt xs element name field gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs attribute name name type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name id type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name value type xs string use optional gt lt xs attribute name type type xs string use optional gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs element gt lt xs simpleType name arrayType gt lt xs list itemType
16. 2 JPF_04 Configures the maximum Java thread stack size given in quantity of blocks of 512 bytes Must be in the range 1 JPF_03 Table 4 5 JPF configuration variables 11 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 5 SOAR the Smart Linker 5 1 Introduction Java source code is compiled by the Java compiler into the binary format specified in JVM This binary code needs to be linked before execution The JPF comes with a linker named the SOAR It is in charge of analyzing class files and some other application related files to produce the final application that the JPF runtime can execute Binary Java class Immutables xm l SOAR Java user Tier application linker Properties key value Resources Figure 5 1 The SOAR inputs amp outputs 5 1 1 Inputs e All class files necessary to run the main class e The Immutable files description used by the application see B ON e Properties files e Resources Images Native Language Support data 5 1 2 Outputs e The SOAR image representing the linked user Java application The format used by the SOAR is the ELF format e Documentation in the form of xm1 file providing useful information about the generated image the computed class initialization order selected items methods resources immutables with their associated footprints Debug information is also provided for the JDWP based Java Eclipse debugger The JDT c
17. P UI Extension product 19 2 6 SNI e Add utility classes Poo10fReusableResources PoolOfLimitedReusableResources and Poolofim mortalByteBuffers 19 2 7 LLMJVM e Extract some LLAPI to LLBSP 19 2 8 LLMJVM e Extract some LLAPI to LLBSP e Control the MicroJvm Virtual Machine startup and end of execution e Control the Java threads execution suspend and resume e Allow to dump the MicroJvm Virtual Machine status and memories at any time 19 2 9 Memory Map File Interpreter e Improve GUI expand and collapse actions error management 19 2 10 Stack Trace Descriptor e Add stack trace descriptor tool for the EmbJPF 19 2 11 Test Suite Engine e Add test suite engine tool 19 3 2 0 3 19 3 1 ECOM e Add communication core library 19 3 2 ECOM COMM e Add serial communication library 19 3 3 LLCOMM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION e Add ECOM COMM Low Level API for generic comm devices 19 3 4 LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION e Add ECOM COMM Low Level API for custom comm devices 19 3 5 LLMJVM e New LLAPI LLMIVM_IMPL_shutdown 36 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 19 3 6 Code Coverage e Add heap analyzer tool for the SimJPF 19 3 7 Heap Analyzer e Add code coverage tool for the SimJPF 19 3 8 Memory Map File Interpreter e Add memory map file analyzer tool for the EmbJPF 19 3 9 MicroEJ Java H s Add MicroEJ Java H tool for the EmbJPF 37 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 20 Document Hist
18. Platform Architecture Reference Manual List of Figures 2 1 JPF Runtime Components tools libraries amp APIS sese essen 7 5 1 The SOAR inputs 82 OUtPUtS ococonononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononininoss 12 6 1 Example of content of a Java properties file sss sees eee 16 6 2 Example of Java property definition in launch configuration sese eee ee ee eee eree ee ee eee eee 16 10 1 A Shielded Plug between two application Java C modules sss sese eee eee eee 21 10 2 Shielded Plug compiler flow sss sese sese eee eee 21 15 1 Internal classfile format for types ocococononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononinanoss 29 List of Tables SL PAOLA referentes A E tobe 9 4 1 Required TESOULCES TTT 10 4 27 Standard lbs ia cti bvensoasess Stee 10 c iS peciicAPl iia ide 10 4 4 Platform characteristics TROET 10 4 5 JPF configuration variables oooocncnnnnnnnnnonononononononorororororo nono KENE REA E ES eT EOR EER AEE REER 11 O A HHT 13 bl Generic CO MESSAGES aaa rancia di ocean even Es 16 6 2 PERES A e E 17 71 EDGE eror Messages AA ii 18 7 2 EDGE configuration variables esnash 18 8 1 Errors when parsing immutable files at link time 0 0 0 0 sees ee ee eee eee 19 8 2 B ON configuration variables sss esse eee eee eee 19 AN A abt enue bvarescaeesbandasssveusbentascanscesencbasctentaseoy 20 10 1 Shielded Plug compiler Options sese sese sese eee eee 21 10
19. ages When a generic exception is thrown by the SOAR the error message SOAR ERROR M lt messageld gt lt message gt is issued where lt messageld gt and lt message gt meaning are defined in next table Message ID Description 0 The SOAR process has encountered some internal limits 1 Unknown option 2 An option has an invalid value 3 A mandatory option is not set 4 A filename given in options does not exist 5 Failed to write output file access permissions required for toDir and root options The given file does not exist IO Error while reading a file An option value refers to a directory instead of a file WO COIN n An option value refers to a file instead of a directory or a jar file 3Types that may be dynamically loaded using Class forName method need to be declared as required types 13 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Message ID Description 10 Invalid entry point class or no main method 11 Information file can not be generated entirely 12 Limitations of the evaluation version reached 13 IO Error while reading a jar file 14 IO Error while writing a file 15 IO Error while reading a jar file unknown entry size 16 Not enough memory to load a jar file 17 Specified SOAR options are exclusive 18 XML syntax er
20. are excluded mocks lt name sep name gt Mocks are either jar file or class files Table 15 1 HIL Engine options 15 2 Heap Dumping 15 2 1 XML Schema Below is the XML schema for heap dumps lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt ST lt XS Schema Copyright 2012 IS2T All rights reserved IS2T PROPRIETARY CONFIDENTIAL Use is subject to license terms schema xmlns xs http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt root element heap gt lt xs element name heap gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs choice minOccurs 0 maxOccurs unbounded gt lt xs element ref class gt lt xs element ref object gt lt xs element ref array gt lt xs element ref stringLiteral gt lt xs choice gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs element gt lt class element gt lt xs element name class gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs choice minOccurs 0 maxOccurs unbounded gt lt xs element ref field gt lt xs choice gt lt xs attribute name name type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name id type xs string use required gt lt xs attribute name Superclass type xs string gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs element gt 27 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual lt object element gt lt xs element name object gt lt xs complexType gt lt xs choice minOccurs 0 maxOccurs unbounded gt lt xs element ref field gt lt
21. ative Interface for Green Threads ESR 012 http www e s r net SP Shielded Plug ESR 014 http www e s r net MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 2 Introduction 2 1 Scope Platform Architecture is state of the art embedded Java runtimes for MCUs They also provide simu lated runtimes that execute on workstations to allow software development on virtual hardware This reference manual describes the functionality of the JPFs It is concise but attempts to be exact and complete Semantics of implemented standard libraries are described in their respective specifications This reference manual includes only the specific APIs related to porting the JPFs to different real time operating systems RTOS 2 2 Intended Audience The audience for this document is software engineers who need to understand the details of the JPF components including their APIs error codes and options 2 3 Configuration Variables This document describes a number of configuration variables A configuration variable is a value that can be set by the user to configure a component The mechanism for setting the variable differs depend ing on the component and the environment and is not described in this document Each variable is given a code of the form CATEGORY_nn where CATEGORY is a label that identifies the configuration category and nn is a two digit number identifying the specific variable within the category Other documents refer
22. braries Library Reference EmbJPF Versions SimJPF Versions User Con figurable EDC EDC 1 2 1 2 yes B ON B ON 1 2 1 2 yes SNI SNIGT 1 2 1 2 Table 4 2 Standard libraries 4 3 Specific Libraries amp APIs Library Reference EmbJPF Versions SimJPF Versions User Con figurable SP SP 1 0 1 0 yes LLSP API This document 1 0 n a LLMJVM API This document 1 3 n a HIL API This document n a 2 1 0 ECOM Comm This document 1 1 1 1 yes Table 4 3 Specific API 4 4 Platform Characteristics Name Item EmbJPF Char SimJPF Char User Con acteristics acteristics figurable Heap Partition 1 1 RAM optimizer Immortal Space Yes Yes yes Immutable Space Yes static Yes static Debug Symbolic No JDWP Socket yes 10 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Name Item EmbJPF Char SimJPF Char User Con acteristics acteristics figurable Java Code Location In Flash in n a place execution Table 4 4 Platform characteristics 4 5 Configuration The JPF has a number of application specific configuration variables Table 4 5 Variable Meaning JPF_01 Configures the Java heap size in bytes JPF_02 Configures the maximum number of Java threads that can run simultaneously JPF_03 Configures the size of Java thread stack pool given in quantity of blocks of 512 bytes 2 blocks means 1024 2x51
23. d stack is reclaimed freeing the corresponding RAM memory 2 6 Smart RAM Optimizer The JPF includes a state of the art memory management system the Garbage Collector GC It man ages a bounded piece of RAM memory devoted to the Java world The GC automatically frees dead Java objects and defragments the memory in order to optimize RAM usage This is done transparently while the Java applications keep running This protocol raises the priority of a thread that is holding a resource needed by a higher priority task to the priority of that task MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 3 Edition Name Version Editions EVAL DEV Version 5 3 2 Table 3 1 Platform references MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 4 Features 4 1 Resource Requirements Resource EmbJPF Characteristics Flash Less than 30 KB RAM Less than 1 5 KB RTOS Any RTOS Architecture Green Thread Java stacks auto sizable RTOS Stack Size Less than 1 KB Startup Time Less than 2 ms at 120MHz As a special case the JPF can be used in a system that runs only one main task the JPF So the JPF can be used with any RTOS or with no RTOS at all Pava stacks automatically adapt their sizes according to the Java green thread demand Once the thread has finished its associated stack is automatically reclaimed by the GC Table 4 1 Required resources 4 2 Standard Li
24. e is ignored 15 Warning No message is defined for the specified header 16 Warning Invalid property Table 16 1 NLS Immutables Creator errors messages 30 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 17 Limitations 17 1 EmbJPF Limitations Item EVAL DEV Number of classes 2500 4000 Number of methods per class 1500 65000 Total number of methods 1500 unlimited Class Interface hierarchy depth 127 max 127 max Number of monitors per thread 8 max 8 max l Base type 65000 65000 Number of fields References 65000 65000 boolean byte limited 65000 short char limited 65000 Number of statics int float limited 65000 long double limited 65000 References limited 65000 Method size 65000 65000 Time limit 60 minutes unlimited No more than n different monitors can be held by one thread at any time Table 17 1 EmbJPF Limitations 17 2 SimJPF Limitations Item EVAL version DEV version Number of calls limited unlimited Time limit 60 minutes unlimited Table 17 2 SimJPF Limitations 31 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 18 Platform Architecture Features History 18 1 5 3 0 B ON 1 2 CHECKHELPER 1 1 0 Components 2 0 ECOM 1 1 ECOM COMM 1 1 EDC 1 2 Logging 1 0 NLS 1 0 1 SNI 1 2 0 SP 1 0 Table 18 1 Ja
25. gt is issued where lt messageld gt meaning is defined in the next table Message ID Description 1 Negative offset 2 Negative length 3 Offset length gt object length Table 6 1 Generic error messages 6 4 Exit Codes The RTOS task that runs the Java runtime may end especially when the Java application calls System exit method EDC By convention a negative value indicates abnormal termination 16 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Message ID Meaning 0 The Java application ended normally 1 The SOAR and the JPF are not compatible 2 Incompatible link configuration 1sc file with either the SOAR or the JPF 3 Evaluation version limitations reached termination of the application 5 Not enough resources to start the very first Java thread that executes main method 12 Maximum number of threads reached 13 Fail to start the JPF because the specified Java heap is too large 14 Invalid stack space due to a link placement error 15 The application has too many static the requested static head is too large 16 The JPF virtual machine cannot be restarted Table 6 2 JPF exit codes 17 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 7 EDC EDC is a Java core library see Java Core Libraries 7 1 Error Messages When an exception is thrown by the implementation of the EDC API the error message EDC 1 2 E lt
26. l be linked to the overall application by the linker It is an ELF format description that reserves both the necessary RAM and the necessary Flash memory for the database of the shielded plug e Two descriptions one in Java and one in C of the block ID constants to be used by either Java or C application modules Option name Description verbose e e Extra messages are printed out to the console according to the number of e descriptionFile file XML Shielded Plug description file Multiple files allowed waitingTaskLimit value Max number of task threads that can wait on a block number be tween 0 and 7 1 is for no limit 8 for unspecified immutable When specified only immutable Shielded Plugs can be compiled output dir Output directory Default is the current directory outputName name Output name for the Shielded Plug layout description Default is shielded_plug endianness name Either little or big Default is little outputArchitecture value Output ELF architecture Only ELF architecture available rwBlockHeaderSize value Read Write header file value 21 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Option name Description genIdsc When specified generate C header file with block ID constants cOutputDir dir Output directory of C header files Default is the current directory cConstantsPrefix prefix C constants name
27. l classfile format for types Tags used in the heap dumps are described in the table below Tag Attributes Description heap The root element class Element that references a Java class name Class type lt ClassType gt id Unique identifier of the class superclass Identifier of the superclass of this class object Element that references a Java object id Unique identifier of this object class Fully qualified name of the class of this object array Element that references a Java array id Unique identifier of this array class Fully qualified name of the class of this array elementsType Type of the elements of this array length Array length stringLiteral Element that references a java lang String literal id Unique identifier of this object class Id of java lang String class field Element that references the field of an object or a class name Name of this field id Object or Array identifier if it holds a reference type Type of this field if it holds a base type value Value of this field if it holds a base type Table 15 3 Tag descriptions 15 3 Configuration The SimJPF has the following application specific configuration variables Variable Meaning SIMJPF_01 Configures symbolic debugger JDWP SIMJPF_02 Configures a Java heap dump when the System gc method is called SIMJPF_03 Configures SimJPF runtime to stick to both the JPF threads polic
28. messageld gt is issued where lt messageld gt meaning is defined in the next table Message ID Description 4 No native stack found to execute the Java native method 3 Maximum stack size for a thread has been reached Increase the maximum size of thread stack parameter 2 No Java stack block could be allocated with the given size Increase the Java stack block size 1 The Java stack space if full Increase the Java stack size or the number of Java stack blocks 1 A closed stream is being written read 2 The operation Reader mark is not supported 3 lock is null in Reader Object lock 4 String index is out of range 5 Argument must be a positive number 6 Invalid radix used Must be from Character MIN_RADIX to Character MAX_RADIX Table 7 1 EDC error messages 7 2 Configuration The library implementation has application specific configuration variables Variable Meaning CORE_01 Configures the redirection of standard output to a user defined OutputStream By default standard output is internally connected to the platform s C printf implementation CORE_02 Configures string encoding s that are embedded at runtime The JPF provides the following encoding s UTF 8 Table 7 2 EDC configuration variables 18 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 8 B ON 8 1 Immutable Files Related Error Messages The following error mes
29. ompiler from the Eclipse IDE 12 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 5 2 Loading Process SOAR only loads necessary classfiles and only embeds in output file what is needed from main class and user required types plus all provided immutables resources and properties 5 3 Class Initialization Order SOAR complies with the deterministic class initialization lt clinit gt order specified in B ON The application is statically analyzed from its entry points to generate a clinit dependency graph The com puted clinit sequence is the result of the topological sort of the dependency graph An error is thrown if the clinit dependency graph contains cycles 1 Explicit Clinit Dependency An explicit clinit dependency can be declared by creating an XML file with the clinitdesc extension in the application classpath The file has the following format lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt clinit gt lt type name T1 depends T2 gt lt clinit gt where T1 and T2 are fully qualified names on the form a b c This explicitly forces SOAR to create a dependency from T1 to T2 and therefore cuts a potentially detected dependency from T2 to T1 2 Clinit Map File A clinit map file ending with extension clinitmap is generated beside the SOAR object file It de scribes for each clinit dependency e the types involved e the kind of dependency e the stack calls between the two types 5 4 Error Mess
30. ory October 28th 2014 Update for MicroEJ 3 1 0 June 20th 2014 Update for MicroEJ 3 0 0 July 11th 2013 Update for MicroEJ 2 0 0 38
31. pecified method code is too large 153 SOAR limit reached the specified method catches too many exceptions 154 SOAR limit reached the specified method defines a too large stack 155 SOAR limit reached the specified type defines too many methods 156 SOAR limit reached your application defines too many interface 157 SOAR limit reached the specified type defines too many fields 158 SOAR limit reached your application defines too many types 14 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual Message ID Description 159 SOAR limit reached your application defines too many static fields 160 SOAR limit reached the hierarchy depth of the specified type is too high 161 SOAR limit reached your application defines too many bundles 251 Error in converting IEE754 float 32 or double 64 to fixed point arithmetic number 300 Corrupted class invalid dup_x1 instruction usage 301 Corrupted class invalid dup_x2 instruction usage 302 Corrupted class invalid dup_x2 instruction usage 303 Corrupted class invalid dup2_x1 instruction usage 304 Corrupted class invalid dup2_x1 instruction usage 305 Corrupted class invalid dup2_x2 instruction usage 306 Corrupted class invalid dup2 instruction usage 307 Corrupted class invalid pop2 instruction usage 308 Corrupted class invalid swap instruction usage 309 Corrupted class
32. ror for some given files 19 Unsupported float representation 23 A clinit cycle has been detected Clinit cycle can be cut either by simplifying the application clinit code or by explicitly declaring clinit dependencies Check the generated clinitmap file for more informations 50 Missing code Java code refers to a method not found in specified classes 51 Missing code Java code refers to a class not found in the specified classpath 52 Wrong class Java code refers to a field not found in specified class 53 Wrong class Java classfile refers to a class as an interface 54 Wrong class an abstract method is found in a non abstract class 55 Wrong class illegal access to a method a field or a type 56 Wrong class hierarchy inconsistency an interface cannot be superclass of a class 57 Circularity detected in initializion sequence 58 Option refers twice the same resource The first one is used 59 Stack inconsistency detected 60 Constant pool inconsistency detected 61 Corrupted classfile 62 Missing native implementation of a native method 63 Cannot read the specified resource file 64 A same property name cannot be defined in two different property files 65 Bad license validity 66 Classfiles do not contains debug line table information 67 Same as 51 150 SOAR limit reached the specified method uses too many arguments 151 SOAR limit reached the specified method uses too many locals 152 SOAR limit reached the s
33. sages are issued at SOAR time link phase and not at runtime Message ID Description 0 Duplicated ID in immutable files Each immutable object should have an unique ID in SOAR image 1 Immutable file refers an unknown field of an object 2 Tried to assign twice the same object field 3 All immutable object fields should be defined in the immutable file description 4 The assigned value does not match the expected Java type 5 An immutable object refers to an unknown ID 6 The length of the immutable object does not match the length of the assigned ob ject 7 The type defined in the file doesn t match the Java expected type 8 Generic error while parsing an Immutable file Cycle detected in alias definition 10 An immutable object is an instance of an abstract class or an interface 11 Unknown XML attribute in an immutable file 12 A mandatory XML attribute is missing 13 The value is not a valid Java literal 14 Alias already exists Table 8 1 Errors when parsing immutable files at link time 8 2 Configuration The library implementation has application specific configuration variables Message ID BON_02 Meaning Configures the immortal heap size in bytes Table 8 2 B ON configuration variables 19 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 9 SNI For details about SNI see the specification SNIGT Note that SNIGT defines
34. va Libraries LLBSP 1 0 LLCOMM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION 2 0 LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION 2 0 LLEXT_RES 1 0 LLMJVM 1 3 LLSP 1 0 Table 18 2 EmbJPF Low Level API HIL 2 1 0 Table 18 3 SimJPF External Resources Loader 1 0 Table 18 4 Miscellaneous Code Coverage Analyzer 1 0 0 Heap Analyzer 1 1 0 Memory Map File Interpreter 1 2 6 MicroEJ Java H 1 1 2 Stack Trace Descriptor 1 0 0 Test Suite Engine 5 0 0 Table 18 5 Tools 18 2 5 0 0 B ON 1 2 CHECKHELPER 1 1 0 Components 2 0 ECOM 1 0 ECOM COMM 1 0 32 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual EDC 1 2 Logging 1 0 NLS 1 0 1 SNI 1 2 0 SP 1 0 Table 18 6 Java Libraries LLBSP 1 0 LLCOMM_BUFFERED_CONNECTION 1 0 LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION 1 0 LLMJVM 1 2 LLSP 1 0 Table 18 7 EmbJPF Low Level API HIL 2 0 1 Table 18 8 SimJPF Table 18 9 Tools Code Coverage Analyzer 1 0 0 Heap Analyzer 1 1 0 Memory Map File Interpreter 1 2 6 MicroEJ Java H 1 0 0 Stack Trace Descriptor 1 0 0 Test Suite Engine 5 0 0 18 3 2 0 3 CLDC 1 1 B ON 1 2 ECOM 1 0 ECOM COMM 1 0 SNI 1 1 SP 1 0 Table 18 10 Java Libraries LLCOMM_BUFFERED_ CONNECTION 1 0 LLCOMM_CUSTOM_CONNECTION 1 0 LLMJVM 1 1 LLSP 1 0 Table 18 11 EmbJPF Low Level API HIL 2 0 1 Table 18 12 SimJPF Code Coverage Analyzer 1 0 0 33 MicroEJ Platform Architecture
35. y and memory sizes SIMJPF_04 Configures a slowing factor in order to provide the engineers a simulation which computation speed is similar to the one of the EmbJPF on their PC SIMJPF_05 Configures code coverage analysis Table 15 4 SimJPF specific configuration variables 29 MicroEJ Platform Architecture Reference Manual 16 Native Language Support NLS 16 1 Introduction The NLS library facilitates internationalization It provides support to manipulate messages and translate them in different languages 16 2 NLS Immutables Creator Errors Messages ID Type Description 1 Error Error reading the nls list file invalid path input output error etc 2 Error Error reading the nls list file the file content is invalid 3 Error Specified class is not an interface 4 Error __ Invalid message ID Must be greater or equal than 1 5 Error Duplicate ID Both messages use the same message ID 6 Error _ Specified interface does not exists 7 Error Specified message constant is not visible must be public 8 Error __ Specified message constant is not ant integer 9 Error No locale file is defined for the specified header 10 Error IO error cannot create the output file 11 Warning Missing message value 12 Warning There is are gap s in messages constants 13 Warning Specify property does not denote a message 14 Warning Invalid properties header file Fil
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