LPC2138 Education Board
Contents
1. P4 18 P1 16 nannngnanngnang Bo ooo nan n P1 19 UREF Bn nan n O e ol lollo UUU UUU UUU P1 20 P1 21 P1 22 UUN P1 23 UUU P0 14 e Embedded Artists AB C 2007 ER O n Pa 40 t Tt pata 5 n P212 ad P9 13 ac S Pe 14 44 o P0 15 E z 3 5 pe 16 120 Ss c n Pe 17 mm SH O0 m UREF E d Ps o 2 m 219 8 Z ps 23 BE pa ze P H Slo UREF Ul a P0 21 uuu EmbeddedArtists IN t PO 22 EI COORD co 2 Pe 23 ri El asso to Fy P0 25 ZigBee lt TM gt r1 EJ ON Pe 26 li amp n Pe 270 module u ng a Pozet pa 2 ScL Pe 29 _ P 3 SDA Pe 38 p9 31 v 60 mm 116 mm 127 mm Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 18 3 6 Audio Interface The LPC2138 Education Board has got an audio interface with both audio in and out The speaker volume can be adjusted with a trimming potentiometer and the microphone amplification can also be adjusted with a trimming potentiometer See Figure 6 for an illustration where to find the trimming potentiometers and which way to turn them for increased volume amplification The audio interface is compatible with a standard headphone that can be bought for PC s The connect2. Figure 14 Experiment 5 I2C Temperature Sensor The picture below illustrates how the circuit can be created on the breadboard DE pUTHOE k m ow b n s sete 22 Sennen eee ee Du X 9s s s s Bs a Os eee ew 10 ba 5 iles e sss ea Res aha as masse eceee tsa sa n aaua m a 5Summunnu suuuu 5jL a5 Gm i l a TVem s ei ee iSe an iSeeeee WERNMBMSJA oe ann auu2 ae n seeeet ies ae 2eeeee mieki T 2s 2e i seer ee ee ee we seeeee ee ee 225 4 2 eee ILE ssj nennen seeeevi asijuereee eeeeeti ssiomeeee a j ee m n m ME abcde tg wt 7 Figure 15 Experiment 5 12C Temperature Sensor Wiring Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 26 46 More Experiments The five experiments described above are a first step to get started with electronic experiments on the breadboard Below are some more ideas for educational experiments e Interface other I2C devices There are many chips that are controlled over the 12C bus Select an interesting device and implement an interface to that chip e Interface a character LCD for example a 2x16 character display A 4 or 8 bit parallel bus should typically be emulated since this is the standard interface to many of these displays e Interface a graphical LCD There are many smaller displays even color that have SPl
3. JTAG and ISP Jumpers enable internal JTAG Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 29 A number of configuration files are needed in order to connect OpenOCD to the LPC2138 Education Board The OpenOCD documentation is a must to read in order to get everything working The following file named Ipc21x8 EA jtag flash cfg must be created It configures the basic FT2232 interface on the board as well as configures how to flash programs into the internal flash of the LPC2138 cpu daemon configuration telnet port 4444 gdb port 3333 se ies SPES E pre denned ft2232 device desc Dual RS232 A signal connection ft2232 layout jtagkey scheme jtagkey ft2232 vid pid 0x0403 0x6010 jtag speed 3 jtag nsrst delay 200 jtag ntrst delay 200 duse combined on interfaces or targets that can t set TRST SRST separately reset config trst and srst srst pulls trst fjtag scan chain format L IRC IRCM IDCODE Length IR Capture IR Capture Mask IDCODE jtag device 4 0x1 Oxf Oxe target configuration daemon startup reset target type startup mode target arm7tdmi reset mode lt chainpos gt endianness variant target arm7tdmi little run and init 0 arm7tdmi s r4 run and halt time 0 30 Reference to script file working area 0 0x40000000 0x4000 nobackup for flashing images to internal flash f flash options LPC21x8 target script 0 reset openocd lpc21x8 flash s
4. LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Learn everything there is to know about the new ARM 32 bit MCU s Start Developing Your Applications On Day 1 E Embedded Artists EA2 USG 0904 Rev C LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 2 Embedded Artists AB Davidshallsgatan 16 SE 211 45 Malm Sweden info EmbeddedArtists com http www EmbeddedArtists com Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of Embedded Artists AB Disclaimer Embedded Artists AB makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose Information in this publication is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Embedded Artists AB Feedback We appreciate any feedback you may have for improvements on this document Please send your comments to support EmbeddedArtists com Trademarks All brand and product names mentioned herein are trademarks services marks registered trademar
5. 8 data bits none parity 1 stop bit and none flow control as illustrated in Figure 26 Select Advanced settings USB Serial Port COM3 Properties General Port Settings Driver Details UART settings Bits per second Data bits 8 v Parity None Y Stop bits 1 v Advanced Restore Defaults Advanced settings OK Cancel Figure 26 USB Serial Port Properties Dialog Set the desired COM port number under the Advanced settings dialog NXP s FLASH Utility program for ISP program download needs for example a COM port number between 1 and 5 Very often the COM port number selected by the USB Serial Port is higher than this In that case it needs to be changed manually It is common that all COM ports with low numbers are listed as occupied but try to change to a low number anyway Very often it is no problem at all to do that Advanced Settings for COM3 PIX COM Port COMPortNumber EE Number Setting Lae USB Transfer Sizes Cancel Select lower settings to correct performance problems at low baud rates Select higher settings for faster performance Defaults Receive Bytes 4096 v Transmit Bytes 4096 v r BM Options Miscellaneous Options Select lower settings to correct response problems Serial Enumerator Serial Printer Latency Timer msec 16 Cancel If Power Off Timeouts Event On Surprise Removal Set RTS On Close Minim
6. 12 3 1 7 Page 3 Power Supply The power supply uses a conventional low dropout voltage regulator the Sipex SP1117 The LPC2148 need only a single 3 3V voltage and has an internal 1 8V regulator for powering the core Some other processors in the LPC2xxx series require both a 3 3V and a 1 8V voltage For a full specification of the SP1117 voltage regulator see the datasheet from Sipex Power is drawn from the USB connector which void the need for an external power supply There are three pads to ease measurements of the incoming 5V Vin voltage and the generated 3 3V voltage see PAD1 PAD3 A green LED LEDS indicates the presence of 3 3V voltage 3 1 8 Page 4 Audio Interface The analog output of the LPC2138 available as an alternative function on pin P0 25 can also be connected to a speaker with associated amplifier via jumper connector J20 Volume can be adjusted via a trimming potentiometer The amplifier is powered from 5V VIN There is also a microphone input designed for audio frequencies The amplification factor can be adjusted via a trimming potentiometer R73 The microphone amplifier is powered from 3 3V The audio interface input and output is compatible with a standard headphone that can be bought for PC s 3 1 9 Page 5 Push buttons and LEDs There are five push buttons and LEDs Four of the push buttons are connected to P1 20 P1 23 Four of the LEDs are controlled by P1 16 P1 19 The LEDs light
7. AB C 2007 LI UU P1 23 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 15 3 3 Connectors Figure 3 illustrate the position of the two external connectors on the LPC2138 Education Board Mini B USB Mini B USB Audio Out Audio In J4 not mounted J19 J21 Not on Good Volume External DD ees un i i JTAG oo n J5 zu it 15y on i l z Oo Oo m H M N NU Q ND s n a P 59 5 A RxD P0 6 PQ 0 TxD r1 P87 g ISP p0 14 r1 P8 8 p aise RST ns m m m mw s x j 50 ZigBeecTIb module jLPC2138 Education Board v1 1 om 3 3 G3 amp 35 3 3 ON BON BON BON ON om om 32 P1 16 P1 17 P1 18 P1 15 IN m Ed rs rx F3 r3 r g3 n nm gd nn r do 3 oo mnao noon nigo n o o lo o U 000 uuu uuu UUu i Z P4 24 P4 22 P4 23 P0 14 Embedded Artists AB C a X Bee connector U15 Expansion connector J1 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 16 3 4 Important Components Figure 4 illustrates the position on the board for some important components in the design Audio out Audio in volume R71 amplification R73 Not on LPC2138 Cm o i goog aooga aa H a H
8. Also do not apply pressure on the flex cables connecting the LCD touch screen These are relatively sensitive and can be damaged if too much pressure is applied to them Note that Embedded Artists does not replace boards where the LCD has been improperly handled 2 7 CE Assessment The LPC2138 Education Board is CE marked See separate CE Declaration of Conformity document The LPC2138 Education Board is a class B product EMC emission test has been performed on the LPC2138 Education Board The USB interface has been in use and also powered the device during the test General expansion connectors where internal signals are made available for example processor pins have been left unconnected Connecting other devices to the product via the general expansion connectors may alter EMC emission It is the user s responsibility to make sure EMC emission limits are not exceeded when connecting other devices to the general expansion connectors of the LPC2138 Education Board Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 9 Due to the nature of the LPC2138 Education Board an evaluation board not for integration into an end product fast transient immunity tests and conducted radio frequency immunity tests have not been executed Externally connected cables are assumed to be less than 3 meters The general expansion connectors where internal signals are made available do not have any other ESD protection th
9. LED s flash when a touch is detected e Press the P0 14 push button Watch the P0 14 LED light and watch the decimal dot LED on the 7 segment display light e After having pressed P0 14 push button an audio test is started o Connect a headphone both speaker and microphone to the board o Speak in the microphone and listen that you hear the same you speak with a small delay Turn the blue and green knobs max to the right This will give full volume and amplification Note that there will be a little background noise can be expected A terminal program can be attached to the USB to serial mini B USB connector The test program will send test information regarding the I C and E7PROM test over the UART Also the UART USB channel can be tested by typing characters in the terminal program The settings for the terminal program are 115 2 kbps 8 data bits no parity bits and one stop bit i e 8N1 5 2 Program Development Consult the QuickStart Program Development User s Manual for more information about the QuickStart Build Environment from Embedded Artists and program development for the ARM7 in general Keil AR Rowley all have evaluation and demo versions of their development environments It is highly recommended to test these environments as well 5 3 Program Download via external JTAG An external JTAG interface can be used to program and debug the LPC2138 Education Board If so the internal JTAG interface shall be disconn
10. Shift Register This experiment is yet another way of controlling the 7 segment display This time via a shift register The shift register 74HC595 is connected to the SPI bus on the LPC2138 See the 74HC595 datasheet for details of how to control the five inputs First use the LPC2138 in GPIO mode and simulate the spi bus Verify that the display can be controlled When this works switch to use the spi bus to transfer a byte i e 8 bits to the shift register It is also possible to read back the bits in the shift register P0 5 is connected to the last bit in the shift register P0 5 is the spi bus input MISO Expansion Connector 7 segment display for Breadboard LED1 J2 LSD039A fen a Jos 00000 i a 16 op PO 16x 17 o6 POQ 17X 18 QE PO 18x 19 OF P0 19 20 P0 20 X 21 s PO X 22 23 ou 1X32 Figure 13 Experiment 4 Shift Register Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 25 45 Experiment 5 12C Temperature Sensor In this experiment a temperature sensor shall be connected to the 12C bus On the LPC2138 the 12C interface is available on pins P0 2 and P0 3 P0 2 is SCL and P0 3 is SDA Study the DS1621 datasheet for details about how to read the temperature value Also study the 12C peripheral block in the LPC2138 user s manual It is a somewhat complex peripheral block to control Expansion Connector for Breadboard J2 1X32
11. 2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 4 5 Getting Started 27 5 1 Test program 27 5 2 Program Development 27 5 3 Program Download via external JTAG 27 5 4 Program Download via Internal JTAG 28 5 5 Program Download via ISP 30 5 6 FTDI USB Driver 32 5 6 1 USB Driver Behavior 35 6 Further Information 36 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 5 1 Document Revision History Revision Date Description A 2009 05 25 Original version B 2010 12 21 Removed information about DVD which is not included in the kit information is now instead on support page C 2012 01 13 Added note about CE marking Removed schematic from document Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 6 2 Introduction Thank you for buying Embedded Artists LPC2138 Education Board based on NXP s ARM7TDMI LPC2138 microcontroller This document is a User s Guide that describes the LPC2138 Education Board hardware design It also covers some basic software interface principles regarding the hardware Embedded Artists has also created another document containing many experiments that will guide you through the art of embedded program development 2 1 Contents The box received when ordering the LPC2138 Education Board contains e The LPC2138 Education Board e Acomponent box containing o 1 pcs 7 segment display o 1 pcs 74HC590 logic chip in DIL
12. Besides being pure serial interfaces there is a parallel interface also This parallel interface on one of the dual channels is used to create a JTAG interface to the LPC2138 cpu The interface is compatible with the open source OpenOCD JTAG software Note that there is also a connector J5 for an external JTAG interface in case the internal JTAG interface is not used J5 is a standard ARM JTAG interface i e a 20 pin 2x10 connector with shoulders By placing jumpers J7 J8 J9 J10 J12 J13 J15 in correct position the LPC2138 JTAG interface will be connected to the external JTAG connector instead of the interface OpenOCD compatible JTAG interface 3 1 5 Page 3 UART 0 and ISP UART 0 on the LPC2138 is connected to the second channel of the FT2232 chip This channel is used as a USB to serial bridge The serial interface is not a full interface only the receive and transmit signals are connected to UART 0 There are two LEDs connected to the USB to serial channel These indicate Rx and Tx activity and can be a good help when determining if a connection with the board is working properly There is a special circuit to automate the ISP feature In System Programming With the help of two control signals RTS and DTR the processor can be placed in bootloader mode The bootloader uses UART O for downloading new program images into the processor either into FLASH or into RAM DTR controls the processor reset and RTS can pull signal P0 14
13. C2138 Datasheet http ics nxp com products Ipc2000 datasheet Ipc2131 Ipc2132 1pc2134 1pc2136 1pc2138 pdf 2 NXP LPC2138 User s Manual http ics nxp com support documents microcontrollers pdf user manual Ipc2131 1pc2132 1pc2134 1pc2136 1pc2138 pdf 3 NXP LPC2138 Errata Sheet http ics nxp com support documents microcontrollers pdf errata lpc2138 pdf 4 ARM7TDMI Technical Reference Manual Document identity DDI0029G http www arm com pdfs DDI0029G_7TDMI_R3_trm pdf 5 ARM Architecture Reference Manual Document identity DDIO100E Book Second Edition edited by David Seal Addison Wesley ISBN 0 201 73719 1 Also available in PDF form on the ARM Technical Publications CD 6 ARM System Developer s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software by A N Sloss D Symes C Wright Elsevier ISBN 1 55860 874 5 7 Embedded System Design on a Shoestring by Lewin Edwards Newnes ISBN 0750676094 8 GNU Manuals http Awww gnu org manual 9 GNU ARM tool chain for Cygwin http www gnuarm org 10 An Introduction to the GNU Compiler and Linker by Bill Gatliff http www billgatliff com 11 LPC2000 Yahoo Group A discussion forum dedicated entirely to the NXP LPC2xxx series of microcontrollers http tech groups yahoo com group Ipc2000 12 The Insider s Guide to the NXP ARM7 Based Microcontrollers by Trevor Martin http www hitex co uk arm Ipc2000book index html Note that there can be newer versions of the docume
14. P J11 in order from top to bottom ISP P0 14 ISP RESET 2m m m m m m m m m m Figure 22 ISP Jumpers disable automatic ISP Note that the USB to Serial bridge chip must have its driver installed on the PC where FlashMagic and the terminal program are running from Section 5 6 describes the installation procedure Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 32 5 6 FTDI USB Driver A USB driver must be installed on the PC laptop in order for the USB to UART chip FT2232 to function Make sure to download the latest version of the driver which can be found at http www ftdichip com Drivers VCP htm Search for an FT2232 driver for your operating system See FTDI s installation guides for details how to install the driver for different operating systems http www ftdichip com Support Documents InstallGuides htm When the LPC2138 Education Board is connected to the PC via a USB cable the PC will ask for a driver Unpack unzip the downloaded driver file and browse to the position of the driver files After successful driver installation a COM port will be created Before communication with the board can take place the UART settings must be set correctly The following description is valid for Windows XP but other operating systems have similar dialog windows See the USB driver documentation for details if needed To change UART settings first open the S
15. an from the chip themselves Observe ESD precaution 2 8 Other Products from Embedded Artists Embedded Artists have a broad range of LPC1000 2000 3000 4000 based boards that are very low cost and developed for prototyping development as well as for OEM applications Modifications for OEM applications can be done easily even for modest production volumes Contact Embedded Artists for further information about design and production services 2 8 1 Design and Production Services Embedded Artists provide design services for custom designs either completely new or modification to existing boards Specific peripherals and I O can be added easily to different designs for example communication interfaces specific analog or digital I O and power supplies Embedded Artists has a broad and long experience in designing industrial electronics in general and with NXP s LPC1000 2000 3000 4000 microcontroller families in specific Our competence also includes wireless and wired communication for embedded systems For example IEEE802 11b g WLAN Bluetooth ZigBee ISM RF Ethernet CAN RS485 and Fieldbuses 2 8 2 OEM Education QuickStart Boards and Kits Visit Embedded Artists home page www EmbeddedArtists com for information about other OEM Education QuickStart boards kits or contact your local distributor Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 10 3 Board Design This chap
16. as got 14 analog inputs connected to two different 10 bit ADC Analog to Digital Converter The conversion time is as short as 2 44 us and the input pins VREF and VSSA are used as conversion reference There is one trimming potentiometer that is used to generate a variable voltage to analog input 1 P0 28 AIN1 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 13 The signal P0 28 can be used as general purpose pin if the analog input is not used In this case the analog voltage from the trimming potentiometer is easily disconnected by removing the jumper on J22 3 1 12 Page 5 Touch sensor Keys The two touch sensor keys are created in the top copper layer in the printed circuit board pcb The sensors function in pairs where the difference between the two is measured in order to detect a touch on one of them The principle is to measure the capacitance which is affected then a human finger is above i e touches the copper layout in the pcb In order to measure the relative capacitance on C51 P1 24 is configured as an input and P1 25 as an output P1 25 is pulled high and the time until P1 24 is also high is measured The higher capacitance the longer time it takes to detect a high level on P1 24 By comparing the time difference between C51 and C52 touches can be detected Note that the design is simplistic and might not be fully functional over a large temperature range and or humidity range A mor
17. cript LPC2138 12MHz 0x7D000 from 500 1024 not 512 flash bank lpc2000 0x0 0x400000 0 0 1pc2000 v2 14745 calc checksum Figure 18 OpenOCD cfg file for LPC2138 Education Board Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 30 Another file named openocd Ipc21x8 flash script must also be created This file contains configuration settings for downloading images into the internal flash of the LPC2138 cpu Note that the file name of the hex file to download is set in this file arm 9 dcc downloads enable wait halt i leep 10 File name of hex file to download O n lash probe 0 erase first bank only lash erase sector 0 0 26 flash image file lash write image eset run leep 10 shutdown S p f f f ca S Figure 19 OpenOCD flash script file for LPC2138 Education Board In order to simplify flashing of hex files a bat file can be created In this example a file named openocd flash bat has been created with the content as below When activated the bat file will initiate a download of a hex file named main hex echo off openocd ftd2xx exe f lpc21x8 EA jtag flash cfg Figure 20 OpenOCD bat file for flashing the LPC2138 Education Board 5 5 Program Download via ISP UART O is used to download program code into the internal FLASH of the LPC2138 The ISP In System Programming feature of the LPC2138 is then used ISP is enabled after reset by p
18. e LPC2138 output the digit to display on BCD coding on P0 8 P0 11 See the 74HC4511 datasheet for details how to control the three control inputs of the chip Expansion Connector 7 segment display for Breadboard J2 e gt e Sis 1X32 Figure 10 Experiment 2 7 segment Decoder rj a g a N a6 a6 ai ee 2 ee se b as ae n CE E BE T os ee s20 seee una u sees eee ww 22 se ee ee ee 223 P9 2 sees eee ew 224 P6 2 sees n 5 s P9 2 sees see ew n26 as P8 21 sees se ee 827 PQ 2 oe m sees se ee 928 P9 3 seen 229 P8 3 na L nan se 8 2 30 VREF 7 abcde adah iS Figure 11 Experiment 2 7 segment Decoder Wiring Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 23 43 Experiment 3 Counter This experiment builds on the previous experiment A binary counter with a storage register and 3 state outputs 74HC590 should be controlled from the LPC2138 The four lower output bits LSB from the counter drives the 7 segment display via the decoder chip 74HC4511 See the 74HC590 datasheet for details of how to control the four inputs Expansion Connector for Breadboard J2 Figure 12 Experiment 3 Counter Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 24 44 Experiment 4
19. e advanced design is needed for better performance The design however serves as illustrating the principle for simple touch detection 3 1 13 Page 5 XBee RF Module There is a connector for Digi MaxStream s XBee modules Both XBee and XBee Pro modules can be used Note that the XBee module is not included and must be purchased separately for example from www digikey com The module is connected to UART channel 1 Four control signals are used to control the interface to the module Three LEDs indicate the status of the module Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 14 3 2 Jumpers The LPC2138 Education Board has got a number of jumpers Figure 2 illustrates where the jumpers can be found The picture below also illustrates the default positions for all jumpers Enable JTAG UART amp Automatic ISP Audio Interface J18 Select JTAG J7 J10 J12 J13 J15 Not on LPC2138 aC O a P84 GND gt yVIN p P8 5 P po i Rxp P9 6 es PQ 0 TxD r PO 7 ISP p0 14 r1 P0 8 on ISP RST P 9 E Poa Analog Input J22 PC2138 Education Board v1 ZigBee lt TM gt r1 EE ON module moog P1 16 P4 17 P4 18 rig n rtg Maan Bo n Hn ms UU UOU PL 21 P1 22 I2C to U10 CAT1025 J17 e Embedded Artists
20. ected By inserting jumpers according to Figure 16 the external JTAG interface connector is connected to the JTAG interface of the LPC2138 cpu The JTAG interface of the cpu is also enabled by inserting the enable JTAG jumper see picture below The ISP functionality is also disabled in this setup Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 28 T E me z r1 Kd POWER OO Q SND S 2 ONN Ya 1 P0 1 RxD f PO 0 TxD ISP P0 14 H ISP RST a m a m a N 13534 in omo it They iE d ard v1 1 JOLE af Figure 16 JTAG and ISP Jumpers enable external JTAG 5 4 Program Download via Internal JTAG The internal JTAG interface of the LPC2138 Education Board is based on the FT2232 chip from FTDI One of the two channels in the chip is used to create a JTAG interface that is compatible with for example the open source OpenOCD JTAG interface The interface is compatible with the jtagkey interface layout i e how the signals from the FT2232 are connected to the LPC2138 JTAG interface RX TX Not on Ded EB El Joni or LPC2138 En Hi Au a mr uo i LED that indicates when the internal JTAG interface is active OOD GND 4 3uUIN 1 P0 1 RxD f P0 0 TxD ISP P0 14 ja H ISP RST 1353d Oo El ard v1 1 Figure 17
21. ectors J14 J16 for powering breadboard electronics See text on pcb to locate VIN 45V 3 3V and GND p uM e Uolume amp ND 4 3uUIN ri PQ 4 RxD j PA 0 TxD H JISP P0 14 5 JISP RST H rj oon TNI 82 Gd l13S 3d LPC2148 Education Board v1 4 P 2 SCL i u P0 3 SDR P1 16 P1417 P1 18 P1 19 E riga nu gngmnsamr nunt Bo on80 ng o O LU TE A Ar AB C 2007 Expansion connector for breadboard J2 see text on pcb to locate LPC2138 signals Breadboard area 4 1 Experiment 1 7 segment LED Display In this experiment a 7 segment display shall be controlled One output pin shall drive one LED segment The port pins of the LPC2138 microcontrollers have got a 4 mA driving capacity enough to directly drive the LEDs in a 7 segment display There are actually 8 LEDs since there is also a dot LED Figure 8 illustrates how to connect the 7 segment LED display on the breadboard to the expansion connector J2 The LEDs in the display are connected to pin P0 8 P0 15 The 380 ohm resistors plus the internal 270 ohm resistor on the board limit the current to about 2 75 mA The LEDs in the display are connected with common cathode A high output pin on the LPC2138 drives current through a LED and it will light Note tha
22. h a serial shift register connected to the spi bus The datasheet is found at http www nxp com acrobat download datasheets 74HC HCT595 4 pdf e 74HC4511 logic chip for experimenting with BCD to 7 segment decoders as an alternative way of driving the 7 segment display The datasheet is found at http www standardics nxp com products hc datasheet 74hc451 1 pdf e DS1621 l C temperature sensor for experimenting with sensors and communication over the 2C serial bus The datasheet is found at http datasheets maxim ic com en ds DS 1621 pdf e A package of single wire cables for connecting the components on the breadboard to the expansion connectors on the LPC2138 Education Board It is necessary to read the datasheets of the different integrated circuits in order to experiment with them Figure 7 illustrate the expansion connector J2 for interfacing the LPC2138 signals the power connectors J14 J16 for powering the breadboard design and the breadboard itself Text on the pcb locates where to find the different signals on the expansion and power supply connectors Note that there is no current limiting protection on the powering Be careful not to short Vin or 3 3V to GND Also note that only the wires should be used to connect to expansion connector J2 The wires on the resistors are too thin and result in unreliable connections Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 20 Power conn
23. ks or registered service marks of their respective owners and should be treated as such Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 3 Table of Contents 1 Document Revision History 5 2 Introduction 6 2 1 Contents 6 2 2 Features 6 23 Expansion Connector 7 24 Experiment Expansion Board 7 2 5 ESD Precaution 8 2 6 General Handling Care 8 2 7 CE Assessment 8 2 8 Other Products from Embedded Artists 9 28 1 Design and Production Services 9 2 8 2 OEM Education QuickStart Boards and Kits 9 3 Board Design 10 3 1 Board Schematics 10 3 1 1 Page 2 CPU LPC2138 10 3 1 2 Page 2 USB only if LPC214x mounted 10 3 1 3 Page 2 Expansion Connector 10 3 1 4 Page 3 OpenOCD Compatible JTAG Interface 11 3 1 5 Page 3 UART 0 and ISP 11 3 1 6 Page 3 Reset Generation and I2C E2PROM 11 3 1 7 Page 3 Power Supply 12 3 1 8 Page 4 Audio Interface 12 3 1 9 Page 5 Push buttons and LEDs 12 3 1 10 Page 5 RGB LED 12 3 1 11 Page 5 Analog Input 12 3 1 12 Page 5 Touch sensor Keys 13 3 1 13 Page 5 XBee RF Module 13 3 2 Jumpers 14 3 3 Connectors 15 34 Important Components 16 3 5 Mechanical Dimensions 17 3 6 Audio Interface 18 4 Breadboard Experiments 19 41 Experiment 1 7 segment LED Display 20 4 2 Experiment 2 7 segment Decoder 22 43 Experiment 3 Counter 23 44 Experiment 4 Shift Register 24 45 Experiment 5 I2C Temperature Sensor 25 46 More Experiments 26 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC
24. like serial interfaces When the basic interface has been implemented more advanced projects can be undertaken like o Implement a framework for graphical drawing primitives o Implement a HMI Human Machine Interface create a user interface for an imagined machine o Implement games games are often very fun to implement and also creative in terms or programming skills e Interface a rotary switch with quadrature encoding This involves sampling two inputs and evaluating rotary speed and direction Some rotary switches also have an index signal for detecting a fixed angular position o Together with a graphical display an advanced user interface can be created where the rotary switch is used to move a cursor around the display e Interface a step motor There are unipolar and bipolar versions of step motors Bipolar requires control from two output and unipolar requires control from four pins e Create a RS485 communication network The communication can be anything from very simple to very advanced with error control and data flow matching o Point to point communication o Network communication where one unit is master and the rest are slaves o Network communication where all units are equal token passing or similar protocol e Control multiple LEDs with just a few outputs Two LEDs are connected in parallel opposing directions between each output Time multiplexing allows control of each LED separately o Three outputs can control 6 LED
25. low The signals are pulled low via diodes If the processor samples P0 14 low after reset the bootloader is entered or else the application code is executed The automatic ISP functionality can be disabled by removing two of the four jumpers on J11 Note that some terminal programs notably Windows Hyperterminal control the RTS DTR signals in an unfavorable way making the board always enter bootloader mode or reset mode In these cases the jumpers must be removed Note that UART 0 P0 0 and P0 1 could be disconnected from the USB to serial bridge by removing all four jumpers on J11 3 1 6 Page 3 Reset Generation and I2C E2PROM The reset generation is handled by a mixed signal chip CAT1025 from Catalyst Semiconductor The reset signal will be held active i e low until the supply voltages 3 3V is within margins The reset duration is typically 200 mS consult the CAT1025 datasheet for exact details There is a reset push button SW1 as well as a red LED LED6 that lights when the reset signal is active The CAT1025 chip also contains a 2kbit EPPROM accessible via the I C interface The 2C communication channel can be used to easily connect more peripheral units just as long as the addresses do not collide The address of the 2kbit E PROM is 0xA0 Note the 3k pull up resistors found on page 2 in the schematic are always needed on l C busses Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page
26. lows easy access to most LPC2138 pins There is another expansion connector J1 a standard 50 pos 2x25 shouldered pin list with 100 mil pin spacing that makes it possible to expand the design on your own hardware The Experiment Expansion Board can be connected via this expansion connector Most LPC2138 pins are available on this expansion connector as well Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 11 All cpu signals available on the expansion connectors are protected with 270 ohm series resistors It s not a foolproof protection but will at least reduce the risk for shorts for example grounding an output pin and ESD damages on the board The 5V Vin and 3 3V power voltages are available on the expansion connectors Note that the current consumption of external circuitry on the breadboard expansion boards should not exceed 300 mA Since power is drawn from the USB connector the USB Host in the other end typically a PC will shut down the current delivery completely 3 1 4 Page 3 OpenOCD Compatible JTAG Interface The JTAG interface of the LPC2138 shares 6 general O pins GPIOs and is enabled by inserting a jumper on J18 i e pulling P1 26 low during reset When the JTAG interface is enabled the 6 IO pins cannot be used for other purposes than the JTAG interface The heart of the internal JTAG interface is the FT2232 chip from FTDI It is a dual channel USB interface bridge chip
27. nd video and game controllers 9 System devices amp Universal Serial Bus controllers Figure 24 Device Manager Dialog Two new COM ports USB Serial Port will be listed under the Ports list Note that the picture only illustrate one COM port but the FT2232 chip will create two COM ports one for each channel Configure the second one Right click on the second new USB Serial Port and select Properties as illustrated in Figure 25 Device Manager PRIME File Action View Help t MfS RARA 6 IDE ATA ATAPI controllers amp IEEE 1394 Bus host controllers c Keyboards 7 3 Mice and other pointing devices USB Serial Port 1 Monitors E9 Network adapters Bl 1394 Net Adapter E9 Broadcom 440x 10 100 Integrated Controller Bi Dell draadloze WLAN 1450 dubbele band WLAN Mini P E9 Wireless G Notebook Adapter with SRX amp Other devices H B PCMCIA adapters 3 9 Ports COM amp LPT RAUSE Serial Port COn Update Dyer amp f Processors Dead SCSI and RAID controle Uninstal Sound video and game 3 System devices Scan for hardware change amp Universal Serial Bus con Hed 1 FE Properties Properties Opens property sheet for the current selection Figure 25 Device Manager Port Dialog Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 34 Set 115200 bits per second
28. nir nz IL mW POWER paz Cy C ra P84 Ce LL E B pas C a PO 1 hxp PO6 RGB LED xp H Pe 7 rael pasli me inr 145 Pee C LED15 button and 0 jisp rst EH zn a s LED as el peli n p2 12 pie See p pC2138 UI o S n P0 15 gt pg 16 S c n P0 17 cm d m upep 9 Pe 18 Trimming gt Bo 3u k EB Pe 19 potentiometer f amp doe 3 E po 21 R26 vuu Embedded rtists jon B COORD m H pa 23 nm paces S EEPROM and nng ef Peze Reset Generator oz U10 a Cr as E Pii7 P148 sre URE LED10 LED14 I een dn 49 50 D 6 lo lo o De P4 2 z F P Z P1 23 7 Embedde j 2007 SW2 SW5 P0 14 Push Touch sensors Push buttons button SW6 and C51 and C52 LED LED8 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 17 3 5 Mechanical Dimensions Figure 5 contains a drawing of the board that includes mechanical measures Volume Not on Good aq LPC2138 link d e uu 21 Qua di nr a Jo 2 L gg2222 p 2000au n 3 892 Er cn oa oa as H Headphone Microphone 000 a a P0 0 PQ 1 g J P8 2 r1 POWER pg 3 GGG P9 4 GND 5 3yVIN p P0 5 P8 1 RxD P8 6 P 0 TxD r P9 7 ISP P0 14 t1 P0 8 ap ISP RST P8 9
29. nts than the ones linked to here Always check for the latest information version Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB
30. o Analog Converter DAC These two peripheral units need a reference voltage which is supplied from the VREF input pin Jumper J3 selects two different sources for VREF either the 3 3V power supply low pass filtered for noise immunity or an external precision voltage the VREF IN pin on the expansion connector 3 1 2 Page 2 USB only if LPC214x mounted Note that different cpu s can be mounted on the board The primary version is LPC2138 but any processor in the LPC213x and LPC214x series will fit mounted on special orders If a LPC214x family member is mounted there will be an additional USB interface on the board This optional part of the design is also found on schematic page 2 The LPC214x contains a USB 2 0 device interface as one of its peripheral units Low pass filtering and ESD protection has been added for noise immunity The USB interface supports the Soft Connect functionality and voltage sense see LPC214x User s Manual for more information about these functions The Soft Connect feature is controlled by IO pin P0 31 and is activated by placing a 1 5 kohm resistor between the D signal and 3 3V A green LED also light when the resistor is enabled The voltage sense feature is handled by IO pin P0 23 which is connected to VCC of the USB interface 3 1 3 Page 2 Expansion Connector The LPC2138 Education Board is not a monolithic design It includes a breadboard for smaller electrical experiments Expansion connector J2 al
31. ors are standard 3 5mm plugs The black plug is the speaker and the pink plug is the microphone Audio out volume Increased volume Black connector to speakers from microphone Pink connector Audio in amplification Increased amplification to right raa LE Headphone Microphone 000 fic oo eto Figure 6 LPC2138 Education Board Audio Interface Note that the LPC2138 Education Board has not been designed for high quality audio The ADC and DAC of the LPC2138 are not high performance from an audio perspective Therefore there will be noticeable audio noise in the audio data Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 19 4 Breadboard Experiments A mayor part of the LPC2138 Education Board is occupied by a breadboard A component box with some basic components is included in the board kit These components shall be mounted on the breadboard for electronic experiments and programming exercises of how to control external hardware The components included in the box are e 7 segment display for experimenting with LEDs and controlling multiple LEDs simultaneous e 330 ohm resistors for limiting the current through the 7 segment LEDs e 74HC590 logic chip for experimenting with a binary counter with a storage register and 3 state output The datasheet is found at http www nxp com acrobat download datasheets 74HC590 2 pdf e 74HC595 logic chip for experimenting wit
32. package o 1 pcs 74HC595 logic chip in DIL package o 1 pcs 74HC4511 logic chip in DIL package o 1 pcs DS1621 temperature sensor in DIL package o 8 pcs 330 ohm resistors o Package of single wire cables e A50pos flat cable for expansion e AUSB cable of type mini B to A for powering and communicating with the boards from a PC 2 2 Features Embedded Artists LPC2138 Education Board with NXP s ARM7TDMI LPC2138 microcontroller lets you get up and running quickly The small form factor board offers unique features that ease your learning curve and speed up your program development Here are some of the features e NXP ARM7TDMI LPC2138 microcontroller with 512 KByte program Flash and 32 KByte SRAM e 14 7456 MHz crystal for maximum execution speed and standard serial bit rates e On board Peripherals Audio interface via 3 5mm headphone and microphone connectors UART to USB bridge interface on UART 0 based on FTDI FT2232 chip OpenOCD compatible embedded JTAG interface based on FTDI FT2232 chip Analog input via trimmer potentiometer Digi MaxStream XBee module interface module not included RGB LED each color can be controlled via PWM signal 5LEDSs connected to signals P0 14 and P1 20 23 5 Pushbuttons connected to signals P0 14 and P1 16 19 A Reset push button and Reset LED Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 7 2 Kbit 12C E2PROM e Connec
33. s o Four outputs can control 12 LEDs e Wireless communication with XBee module The LPC2138 Education Board has a socket for the XBee modules from Digi former Maxstream There are many different experiments that can be carried out with these modules o Point to point communication o Creating a ZigBee network o Create a multiuser game communicating over a wireless network e Create audio effects The audio input output interface is ideal for creating some simple audio effects like o Delay o Multi path delay echo o Filtering band pass low pass highpass o Frequency analysis FFT Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 27 5 Getting Started 5 1 Test program The LPC2138 Education Board comes preloaded with a test program This program can be used to verify that the board operates correctly e Download the test program by using the hex file for the test program o Insert the two jumpers part of J11 in order to enable automatic ISP activation during program download e Push the reset button and watch the Reset LED light shortly e Press the four keys P1 20 P1 21 P1 22 P1 23 one at a time and make sure the respective LEDs light at the same time P1 16 P1 19 e Watch the RGB LED flash red blue green red blue green etc The trimming potentiometer controls the speed of the flashing e Touch the touch sensors one at a time and watch P1 16 or P1 19 connected
34. t the resistors cannot be connected directly to expansion connector J2 since the wires are too thin It would result in unreliable connections Figure 9 illustrates one way of how the wiring can be done There are several other solutions of how to do it Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 21 Expansion Connector 7 segment display for Breadboard LED1 LSD039A Figure 8 Experiment 1 7 segment LED Display The picture below illustrates how the circuit can be created on the breadboard Wires are drawn in the picture instead of a picture of the wires in order to increase visibility E IELI s se ij ey nan 5 ee 6n nnn ese ee we 16 eo Veseee se ee el X im es eee ew 18 9m nnn se ee eid oe 0 see em 20 5s m n arumu t se ee 22 ba O n ee ee 223 ss 4aneneee 8 e ne seem 8 25 265 eee 8 w26 e vweeeee eee mw 27 nu 0 RRRRU 2 VREF see eee mesengo IN abcde tud e Figure 9 Experiment 1 7 segment LED Display Wiring Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 22 42 Experiment 2 7 segment Decoder In this experiment the 7 segment display is still used but the segments are not directly driven by output pins on the LPC2138 Instead a BCD to 7 segment decoder chip 74HC4511 is used Th
35. ter contains detailed information about the electrical and mechanical design of the LPC2138 Education Board The schematic can be downloaded in pdf format from the support page and is recommended to have printed out while reading this chapter 3 1 Board Schematics The following subsections describe in more detail each part of the design page by page in the schematic 3 1 1 Page 2 CPU LPC2138 The core part of the design is the NXP LPC2138 microcontroller It is an ARM7TDMI S CPU core with many different peripheral units and on chip memory 512 kByte FLASH and 32 kByte SRAM There is no external memory bus interface The microcontroller crystal frequency is 14 7456 MHz This frequency has been selected in order to allow close to maximum execution speed 4 x 14 7456 MHz 58 9824 MHz as well as to provide standard serial communication bit rates The maximum cpu clock frequency is 60 MHz There is also a 32 768 kHz crystal clock for the on chip real time clock peripheral unit or RTC for short The microcontroller can be placed in a very low power mode while the RTC operates and keeps track of time Power for the RTC during these low power modes comes from the VBAT input pin Power is sourced either from the 3 3V power supply or the external VBAT IN signal available on the expansion connector depending on which one have the highest voltage The LPC2138 also contains an Analog to Digital Converter or ADC for short as well as a Digital t
36. tors MMini B USB connector to UART 0 UART to USB bridge and powering as well as for OpenOCD compatible JTAG interface JTAG connector that can override the embedded OpenOCD interface 82 pos expansion connector to breadboard experiment area 50 pos expansion connector e On board low dropout voltage and reset generation Generates 3 3V for powering the LPC2138 3 3V available for external circuits up to 300 mA e Powered directly from the mini B USB connector e Simple and automatic program download via OpenOCD compatible JTAG interface or SP In System Programming via UART to USB bridge channel containing circuit that automatically controls activation of the bootloader e Dimensions 127 x 120 mm Four layer PCB FR 4 material for best noise immunity 2 3 Expansion Connector A 50 pos expansion connector allows the LPC2138 Education Board to be expanded with custom hardware for exciting experiments The following signals are available on the expansion connector e P0 0 P0 23 e P0 25 P0 31 e Reset e Vref e Vbat e Power VCC 3 3V GND and Vin 5V 24 Experiment Expansion Board There is an expansion board called the Experiment Expansion Board that can be bought separately for more interesting and useful experiments For details about the board see the Experiment Expansion Board page on Embedded Artists website The picture below show how the LPC2138 Education Board can be directl
37. ulling pin P0 14 low In order to enable automated ISP invocation the LPC2138 Education Board allows control of both the reset signal and the P0 14 via the USB to serial bridge one channel in the FT2232 chip Reset is controlled by the DTR serial signal and P0 14 via RTS NXP has released a download program This program is however no longer supported Instead the open source LPC21ISP program as well as FlashMagic from ES Academy can be used The latter is the recommended ISP download program to use This program can be downloaded from http www flashmagictool com Figure 21 illustrates the jumper settings when enabling the automatic ISP functionality Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 31 Not on Good m LPC2138 ink LE ad ISP P0 14 ISP RESET ype o iF so P fia ppfoos E BOOB u n BE Oo m jmd O EIE JA z d r1 Ed POWER do OOO usB 0 P0 1 RxD J11 in order from top to bottom m i E ard vi Figure 21 ISP Jumpers enable automatic ISP Some terminal programs can control the DTR RTS signals when connected to the board and keep it in constant reset or always enabling ISP mode In that case the automatic ISP functionality must be disabled Figure 22 below illustrates the jumper settings when disabling the automatic ISP s Ha mja LPC2138 any OD a Disabling automatic IS
38. um Read Timeout msec 0 Disable Modem Ctl At Startup Minimum Write Timeout msec 0 bd Figure 27 Advanced USB Serial Port Properties Dialog Finally it is time to test if the USB Serial Port has been successfully installed and configured Start a terminal program Connect to the correct COM port with 115200 bits per second 8N1 no flow control Remember not to have the USB ISP jumpers inserted Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 35 5 6 1 USB Driver Behavior Sometimes the USB COM port does not enumerate properly when the board is connected to the PC This is a known feature of the USB driver If you experience this problem just unplug the board shortly and then plug it in again A new COM port that can be accessed properly should be created the second time This problem may occur after every time you start i e power cycle your PC If the ISP jumpers are inserted pressing the reset button is often required in order to startup the board it can be placed in bootloader mode during startup due to RTS DTR signal handling by the USB driver during startup Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 36 6 Further Information The LPC2138 microcontroller is a complex chip and there are a number of other documents with useful information The following documents are recommended as a complement to this document 1 NXP LP
39. when signals are pulled low Signal P0 14 is connected both to a push button and a LED Signal P0 14 has got many alternative functions Besides being a general purpose i o pin it can be configured as an interrupt input pin on the processor The signal is also used to enable ISP mode programming processor flash via UART 0 The signal must be sampled high after reset in order to start normal program execution or else the internal bootloader will be activated ISP mode 3 1 10 Page 5 RGB LED There is a full color RGB LED that could be controlled by pulse width modulated PWM signals The intensity of each LED can easily be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the signals The list below explains the signal connections e Red LED controlled by signal P0 17 MAT1 2 e Blue LED controlled by signal P0 18 MAT1 3 e Green LED controlled by signal P0 21 PWM5 The MAT signals are available as alternative signals on the pins and are generated from the timer peripheral unit Timer 1 must be used to control the red and blue LEDs Similarly the PWM signals are available as alternative signals on the pins and are generated from the PWM peripheral unit PWM unit 5 controls the green LED Note that the LEDs are driven from the 5V power supply The reason for that is that the forward voltage drop of the blue LED is typically around 3 5V which is more than the 3 3V power supply for the LPC2138 3 1 11 Page 5 Analog Input The LPC2138 h
40. y connected to the Experiment Expansion Board via the expansion connector and a 50 pos flat cable Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 8 5s th Figure 1 LPC2138 Education Board with Experiment Expansion Board 2 5 ESD Precaution Please note that the LPC2138 Education Board come without any case box and all components are exposed for finger touches and therefore extra attention must be paid to ESD electrostatic discharge precaution Make it a habit always to first touch the metal surface of one of the USB connectors for a few seconds with both hands before touching any other A parts of the boards That way you will have the same potential as the board and therefore minimize the risk for ESD In general touch as little as possible on the LPC2138 Education Board The push buttons on the board have grounded shields to minimize the effect of ESD Note that Embedded Artists does not replace boards that have been damaged by ESD 2 6 General Handling Care Handle the LPC2138 Education Board with care The board is not mounted in a protective case box and is not designed for rough physical handling Connectors can ware out after excessive use The board is designed for prototyping and experiment use and not for integration into an end product For boards with LCD do not exercise excessive pressure on the LCD glass area That will damage the display
41. ystem Properties dialog as illustrated in figure 18 System Properties l System Restore I Automatic Updates Remote General Computer Name Hardware Advanced Device Manager The Device Manager lists all the hardware devices installed on your computer Use the Device Manager to change the properties of any device Driver Signing lets you make sure that installed drivers are compatible with Windows Windows Update lets you set up how Windows connects to Windows Update for drivers Driver Signing Windows Update Hardware Profiles a Hardware profiles provide a way for you to set up and store different hardware configurations Hardware Profiles Figure 23 System Settings Dialog Select the Device Manager and open the Ports list as illustrated in Figure 24 Copyright 2012 Embedded Artists AB LPC2138 Education Board User s Guide Page 33 m a Device Manager File Action View Help e 8 l ARA E IDE ATA ATAPI controllers x amp IEEE 1394 Bus host controllers t Keyboards 1 75 Mice and other pointing devices amp Monitors Bil Network adapters BS 1394 Net Adapter Bill Broadcom 440x 10 100 Integrated Controller Bil Dell draadloze WLAN 1450 dubbele band WLAN Jy E9 Wireless G Notebook Adapter with SRX amp 4 Other devices amp Bl PCMCIA adapters F Ports COM amp LPT BASB Serial Port COM3 m Processors SCSI and RAID controllers x Sou
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