AgroMetShell Overview
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1. Output 3 to 6 DAT output files Country Name 1998 WaterSatisfactionIndex Dekad Output dat Country Name 1998 WaterStorage Dekad Output dat Country Name 1998 WaterSurplusDeficit Dekad Output dat and Country Name 1998 ActualPET Dekad Output dat The files are monitoring oriented as they contain sequences of several dekad values for display and inter station comparisons They respectively contain water satisfaction index values soil moisture water surplus or deficit and actual evapotranspiration dekad by dekad for all the stations in the list Note that dekads are crop dekads from 1 to cycle length Values beyond cycle length are coded with the default value for missing data D1 D2 D36 are the dekad numbers in crop dekads i e planting dekad is 1 and the last values corresponds to C the cycle length Output 7 Country Name 1998 Rangelandindex Dekad Output dat The rangeland index RI is the classic FAO water satisfaction index computed for periods of 5 dekads with normal evapotranspiration kept at potential level KCR 1 and an assumed WHC of 50 mm Similar to moving averages the value assigned to a dekad corresponds to the five dekad period centred about that dekad Thus 3 for dekads 1 to 5 4 for dekads 2 to 6 The rangeland index when plotted over time assumes a smoothed aspect as shown in the figure below that compares rangeland index RI with rainfall mm in Msabaha Kenya in 1984 RI is associated with crop phenolo2. 14 e for coastal locations situated on or adjacent to the coast of a large land mass and where air masses are influenced by a nearby water body kg 0 19 In our exercise one stations Areni has no sunshine measurement and these measurements only start in 2004 for Merdzavan Use the file extraterrestrialradiation xls to calculate the Hargreaves formula for year 2007 Then import these new solar radiation data into AMS When wind speed is missing it can be replaced by values observed in the closest stations or in the worse case by a constant value of 2 m s Missing relative humdity may also be estimated if data are lacking or are of questionable quality an estimate of actual vapour pressure a can be obtained by assuming that dewpoint temperature T gew is near the daily minimum temperature Tmin This statement implicitly assumes that at sunrise when the air temperature is close to Tmin that the air is nearly saturated with water vapour and the relative humidity is nearly 100 If Tmin is used to represent Tgew then 17 27T e e T 061 tex rte min J The relationship Tas Tmin holds for locations where the cover crop of the station is well watered However particularly for arid regions the air might not be saturated when its temperature is at its minimum Hence Tmin might be greater than Tgew and a further calibration may be required to estimate dewpoint temperatures In these situations Tmin in the above eq
3. Calculate a parameter from a set of other parameters List ArmeniaTraining X Parameter PET Penman Monteith Year 2004 Do NOT overwrite values with flags Flag assigned to newly imported data F Flag F X Cancel Help ETO will be calculated automatically and saved in the AMS database Check the results in the data inventory DATABASE DATA INVENTORY If the data are daily data you can convert them into dekadal values using the option CALCULATE AGREGATE into the DATABASE menu This option will tranform automatically your daily values into dekadal and monthly data Apply this process for all stations into the ArmeniaTraining list to convert daily data into dekadal date and dekadal data into monthly data If one of the meteo input data for the ETO calculation is missing it has to be estimated For example solar radiation Rs can be estimated with the Hargreaves formula Rs Krs nus Tmin Ra where Ra extraterrestrial radiation MJ m d Tmax maximum air temperature C Tmin minimum air temperature C krs adjustment coefficient 0 16 0 19 9C 2 The square root of the temperature difference is closely related to the existing daily solar radiation in a given location The adjustment coefficient kps is empirical and differs for interior or coastal regions e for interior locations where land mass dominates and air masses are not strongly influenced by a large water body Kr 0 16
4. FROM MONTHLY PROCEDURE Please verify the results into the Data inventory in the Database menu 2 Introduction of actual data You can then introduce actual rainfall relative humidity wind speed sunshine duration amx and min temperature from 1998 to 2010 for all available stations The station choice will be done during the exercise These data will be provided by you They can be daily or dekadal data These data should be converted into an ascii files csv format and then imported into the AMS database Please check that the importation runs well by looking at the Data Inventory You can also see these actual data on graphs by selecting the Graph option into the Database menu Try to see 3 stations together on your screen 13 3 ETO or PET calculation This second exercise will concern introduction of actual daily weather data with the calculation of the reference evapotranspiration We will use data introduced in the previous step into the database PET or ETO can only be calculated if the following meteorological variables are available Minimum Temperature Maximum Temperature Average relative humidity or max and min relative humidity Average wind speed Sunshine duration or Global radiation If all this data is available in the database which is the case in this training session you can proceed to the PET calculation Calculate the ETO using the formula available in AMS DATABASE CALCULATE FORMULA ard
5. water balance calculation one needs the following files Input 1 Country Name 2003 Crop Dekad Input dat The file contains a summary of the parameters used to run the water balance including the following e WHC soil water holding capacity e Efrain effective rain a percentage by which Le Arig ear ei e i oe Pa a E x 5 Arial actual rain is multiplied to assess actual water cr MB D supply Usually Efrain lt 100 on slopes and a a an rm os um acras RT H alawl aize Efrain gt 100 in low lying areas 2 NAME LON LAT ALT WHC Efrain Crop lD Cycle Pldek T 3 MW BALAKA 34 97 14 98 525 50 95 1 10 33 e Crop ID the internal identification number of 4 MW BOLERO 3378 1102 100 40 95 1 12 34 th 5 MW BVUMBWE 35 07 15 92 1146 70 100 1 12 33 e crop B MW BWENGU 33 92 11 07 1052 40 95 1 12 43 i 7 MW CHICHIRI 3505 15 78 1132 70 100 1 12 33 Cycle the cycle length in dekads 8 MW CHIKANGAWA 338 11 85 1728 50 90 1 12 31 j 9 MW CHIKWAWA 34 78 16 03 107 60 95 1 10 33 die the planting dekad a value between 1 S IMWCHIQNAM 24m doma 1 8 9 1 19 m an 11 MW CHILEKA 3497 15 57 767 70 100 1 10 33 o n 12 MW CHINGALE 36 25 15 37 610 70 100 1 10 d e Irrig the type of irrigation 12yes O no and 13 MW CHINTHECHE 34 17 11 83 495 50 95 1 10 34 14 MW CHIRADZULU 35 118 157 884 60 95 1 12 33 2 automatic 15 MW CHITEDZE 33 63 13 97 1149 70 100 1 12 33 e BundH
6. 0 98 28 20 98 to 21 12 29 B 21 12 to 21 27 30 W gt 21 27 to21 41 31 HB gt 21 41 to 21 55 2 HB 21 55 to 21 70 33 HB gt 21 70t0 21 84 34 E 21 84 to 21 99 35 E 2129 to 22 13 36 B gt 22 13 to 22 28 37 gt 22 28 to 22 42 38 eeen e Te a Display 353 432 Image 162 198 Lon Lat 44 81 39 62 Value 36 00 Byte 133 These maps can be saved to be used in report or bulletin you may have to write They have the windisp format and can therefore be improved for report presentations You can also see your rainfall values using the report button into the DATABASE menu In the first line you must say in which list you want to get the data Row ARMENIA In the second line must be defined the Type of data for example Normal Monthly values The third line is for the Parameter name Rainfall Wind speed Choose Rainfall Then you must write which period you want to be put into the report for example month 8 to month 11 Once this is done you can add this information in the report using the add column button You can do it several times choosing different column types of data and parameters When you have the wished number of columns you can send this to a Worksheet excel or a Wordprocessor word or more simply into an ascii file Editor These monthly Normal data need now to be converted into 10 daily data using the conversion process into the DATABASE MENU CALCULATE NORMALS DEKADAL
7. 10 input files that one needs to be able to run a water balance model in AgroMetShell as shown below However it may not be necessary to have all the input files listed depending on the circumstances These circumstances may be that you are unable to calculate evapotranspiration on a dekadal basis and hence preparing an evaporation file may be difficult and one has no option but to use the normal evapotranspiration file However should the data be available AMS has extra tools among which the tool to calculate evapotranspiration is one of them There are also instances where the monitoring is done for rain fed crops and therefore it may not be necessary to have a file on irrigation This basically reduces the number of files to run the water balance to 5 input files Every time the user requests a water balance calculation to be carried out the programme prepares a set of files that will be read by the Crop Specific Soil Water Balance programme to compute the water balance variables such as soil moisture actual evapotranspiration over the vegetative phase or the water stress at flowering etc The files required are in comma separated quoted string format and can be directly imported into a spreadsheet All the files will have common data in the first four columns which will contain NAME the station Name LON the longitude in decimal degrees LAT the latitude in decimal degrees ALT elevation above sea level To run a crop specific
8. November 201 1 AgroMetShell Overview AgroMetShell AMS provides a toolbox for agrometeorological crop monitoring and forecasting The current visual menu offers easy access to some of the most often used functions The program includes a database that holds all the weather climate and crop data needed to analyse weather impact on crops Data can be input into the database using a variety of options for instance they can be typed in from the keyboard read from WINDISP format images or imported from ASCII files Number of operations can be performed on the database such as making backups or flushing the database The core of the program is the FAO Crop Specific Soil Water Balance The basic of this soil water balance calculation is given in the file CSSWB doc and in the watersatisfactionindex xls FAO Crop Specific Soil Water Balance can be operated in monitoring mode or in risk analysis mode The first is an analysis for one growing season covering many stations in a specific area usually a country or a province in a country The second risk analysis covers the same type of analysis for one station only but over many years The FAO Crop Specific Soil Water Balance produces a number of outputs water balance variables such as soil moisture actual evapotranspiration over the vegetative phase or the water stress at flowering etc They can be mapped separately for crop monitoring For crop forecasting the water balance variables are no
9. To load an existing list click on the down arrow and select Load existing list and this will provide you with an option to select an appropriate list Once the name of the list has been provided you may click OK and the following screen appears allowing you to select the stations you want to be included in the list f an Stations List Armeniasmall mn bon v x ec Gro i Bd Add Stations from Baselist Administrative levels ID Name Latitude Longitude Altitude Country Country Code Administrative levels Extra 1 Extra 2 Extra 3 114 Station000114 40 75 43 75 999 ARMENIA AM 131 Station000131 41 00 44 50 999 ARMENIA AM 133 Station000133 41 00 45 00 999 ARMENIA AM 40 Station000040 39 25 46 25 999 ARMENIA AM 65 Station000065 39 75 45 50 999 ARMENIA AM 73 Station000073 40 00 44 00 999 ARMENIA AM 76 Station000076 40 00 44 75 999 ARMENIA AM 78 Station000078 40 00 45 25 999 ARMENIA AM 87 Station000087 40 25 44 00 999 ARMENIA AM 89 Station000089 40 25 44 50 999 ARMENIA AM 1 90 Station000090 40 25 44 75 999 ARMENIA Mi In this exercise create a new list of stations and call it Armenia Stations can either be taken from the lt Base List gt if already included or entered directly into this window For all stations the following attributes can be defined ID This is a code that uniquely identifies the station in the database Name This is the name of the station Latitude and Longitude the coordina
10. ance results using WATER BALANCE MAKE IMAGE FROM RESULTS This option of AMS allows you to draw maps of all the outputs of the summary output file the most important output file that gives the essential information In the present case draw a map of the ETA total WSI Last index and Water deficit at flowering stage Once you have calculated the waterbalance for 2004 do it for the different years you have in your database especially for the period where agricultural statistics are available 16 RISK ANALYSIS RUN This option is quite similar to the water balance but this time instead of runing the water balance for a particular year on a set of weather stations we will calculate the water balance for several years on a unique selected weather station The objective is the analyse of the evolution of the water stress on a great number of years in order to specify for each station the risk to have a water stress problem Based on this risk evaluation the farmer will decide on the strategy to fight against the stress crop variety crop practices type of sowing dry or wet irrigation We can do the exercise on the Areni station in Aremia where data from one station are available for 12 years 1998 2010 Run it using the new run button into the risk analysis window or through the menu WATER BALANCE RISK ANALYSIS RUN NEW Analyse the results What are the risks to have high water stress around this station What is the avera
11. ance will calculate the evolution of the soil water content according to rainfall input and deep percolation and actual evapotranspiration output This calculation is run at a 10 daily time step Percolation may also be calculated but this has no operational meaning for an agrometeorologist and will be skipped here Therefore we will need dekadal values of both ETO and rainfall data 1 Introduction of Normal data The exercise is done with data from Armenia Normal monthly data of 9 rainfall stations and normal monthly values of Mean Temp of 8 stations are available into the FAOCLIM database A rapid presentation of this database will be done by B Tychon All the data available were saved in 2 files named rainfallnormal dat and Meantempnorm dat Open these files and confirm that the data do correspond with reality Then with Excel spreadsheet modify the format of the 3 files in order to have Column A station name Column B station ID Column C Longitude Column D Latitude Column E Altitude Next columns Monthly values from January to December Delete all the other columns Save these files in CSV format comma separator with the following names rainnorm csv meantemp csv Once you have saved these data go into AMS and try to import these Temp and Rainfall normal data into AMS using the import button or the menu Database import from ascii file and replying to the different steps requested by AMS and Impor
12. ant role in the water balance as it represents the atmospheric demand If evapotranspiration is not available it has to be calculated from other meteorological variables Input 8 to 10 Country Name Normal Rain Dekad Input dat Country Name Normal PET Dekad Input dat Country Name Normal Irrigation Dekad Input dat The files contain normal rainfall PET and Irrigation The data from these files is utilized if the actual data is missing in the input files AMS Output Files The programme generates 18 output files It is not necessary that the user knows the details of the structure of those files but with experience you may feel the need to carry out some non standard analyses in which case the information below will be of help The names of output files are assigned automatically to the files based on the year file list type of data input or output daily or by dekad actual or normal data so that the file contents should be easy to determine In addition the first line of each file has a description of the data Missing values in the files are usually coded as 999 All input and output files with DAT extensions follow the same FAO format Two types of output files are produced Those with extension TXT text provide some descriptive material about the crop monitoring exercise while those with DAT extensions are in comma separated quoted string data files used by other options of the programme for instance many of the options under t
13. ater balance This is located in the middle part of the visual menu Before starting the water balance calculation lets have a look at the crop coefficient You can use default values for defining crop coefficient and length of each crop stage or you may define your own set of parameters for the crop on which you want to simulate the water balance Create your own wheat crop coefficient based on what is given in the crop evapotranspiration manual Save this new set as armenian Please note that the initial stage is subdivised into several periods to take account on winter crops passing winter and a part of spring in this initial stage 15 You can start by clicking on the New run button Enter the name you want to give to this run Choose the list with the stations where you want the water balance to be done Select the starting year for the run and give the name of the crop you want to simulate For this exercise we will call this run Armenia wheat 2009 We ll work with the 3 stations of the 3 provinces with 2008 as starting year and we ll do the simulation for wheat After validation a table to fill will be presented You will have to choose for each station in the selected list the dekad of sowing the cycle length the water holding capacity the percentage of rainfall that will be effective for the soil plant system the pre season coefficient that represents the amount of water lost by bare soil and wee
14. ctively actual normal and last values Actual corresponds to the value expected at the end of the cycle normal is the end of cycle index computed with normal rain and PET all other parameters being those from the crop file the last value is that of the last dekad for which actual data are available 1 WEXi WEXv WEXf WEXr WEXt water excess over the phenological phases described as initial vegetative flowering harvest and the whole cycle sum of previous values WDEFi WDEFv WDEFf WDEFr WDEFt water deficit over the phenological phases and the value totalled over the growing cycle ETAi ETAv ETAf ETAr ETAt actual evapotranspiration over the phenological phases and the value totalled over the growing cycle 1 Tf there are no actual data available in which case actual and normal are identical then the last index is coded as missing ETA actual crop evapotranspiration i e actual crop water consumption a factor directly related with crop yield Av available the percentage of actual rainfall data used for the calculations the rest being assumed to be normal Cria to Cr4a and Crin to Cr4n for Crossing and Normal Crossing indicate the dates dekads when the rangeland index see above crosses the 0 4 PET line The dekads given in the file can be used to map the beginning of the actual current season Cr1 to Cr4 and the normal beginning NCr1 to NCr4 In areas with only one rainfall peak t
15. dekad 13 P Maximum soil water storage 100 mm H or WHC Effective Total rain 10096 E or EfR Irrigation applied Automatic Bund Height 50O mm BUH Pre season Kcr 0 30 The actual rangeland index uses only actual data NO estimates DATE NOR ACT WRK IRR ET KCR WR AvW SW _ S D INDEX Jan dek 3 24 i i 0 2 0 30 1 0 0 Feb dek 1 6 8 8 0 5 0 30 2 7 7 Feb dek 2 48 42 42 0 2 0 30 zx 41 48 Feb dek 3 21 31 31 0 2 0 30 1 30 79 Mar dek 1 9 24 24 0 6 0 30 2 22 101 Mar dek 2 72 34 34 0 5 0 30 2 33 333 Mar dek 3 30 66 66 0 6 0 30 2 64 150 Apr dek 1 97 18 18 0 22 0 30 7 11 150 Apr dek 2 80 46 46 0 7 0 30 2 44 150 Apr dek 3 57 31 31 0 16 0 30 5 26 150 May dek 1 191 56 56 0 25 0 50 13 43 150 43 100 May dek 2 146 46 46 0 22 0 50 11 35 150 35 100 May dek 3 119 45 45 0 21 0 50 11 34 150 34 100 Jun dek 1 91 43 43 0 24 0 66 16 27 150 27 100 Jun dek 2 120 24 24 0 29 0 93 27 3 147 0 100 Jun dek 3 165 16 16 0 a0 3 15 35 19 128 0 100 Jul dek 1 152 2 2 0 411 15 47 45 83 0 100 Jul dek 2 22 0 0 42 1 15 48 48 35 0 100 Jul dek 3 29 6 6 0 31 3 15 36 30 5 0 100 Aug dek 1 41 2 2 47 47 1 15 54 52 0 o 100 Aug dek 2 10 1 1 41 43 0 98 42 41 0 0 100 Aug dek 3 71 4 24 34 0 82 28 24 0 0 100 Sep dek 1 104 9 9 13 34 0 65 22 13 0 o 100 Phase ETAt Surplus Deficit Initial 35 112 0 Vegetative 43 27 0 Flowering 220 0 0 Ripening 92 0 0 Surplus 139mm WEXt Deficit Omm WDEFt ETAT 390mm data avail 100 AVAIL Norm index 85 INDXn
16. ds before the sowing date when compared to the reference evapotranspiration the irrigation application 3 possible options no irrigation rainfed crops irrigation applications calculated by AMS for keeping the Water Satisfaction Index to 100 during all the crop cycle or irrigation applications according to information provided as input data for the different stations In this last case input data should be incoded into the AMS database using the actual 10 day data button and choosing the parameter irrigation The bund height of the plot when irrigation consists on plot water ponding This table can be filled record by record In this particular exercise we will use the button that will set the same value for all the column Values for the different parameters of this table will be choosen during the course Note that in all the table a cell a line or a column may be selected as the default one if you activate one of the 4 set default buttons above the table Check it You may then either just save this set of parameters or save and run the water balance Select this last option and run the water balance model This run a water balance for all stations with actual dekadal rainfall and actual dekadal potential evapotranspiration This means that you must absolutely have these two informations if you want AMS to calculate the water balance When data are missing they are replaced by normal data Check it by doing the same simulation bu
17. ge amount of irrigation water necessary in 2004 to keep the crop in optimal growth conditions 17
18. gy Based on local experience there is usually a rather good association between planting and the RI For instance in Tanzania it was found that the planting of millet usually occurs when the rising RI curve crosses the 0 4 4096 threshold 3 E 8 E E 12 15 18 21 30 33 Dekads UEM AETA The RI is computed using actual rain not working rain as described above e future values are coded as missing and not taken as their normal The dekads when the RI curve passes the 30 to 70 thresholds is given in the second text output file Country Name 1991 Details Dekad Output txt above Output 8 Country Name 1991 Summary Dekad Output dat The summary output file is certainly the most useful as it lists the parameters which are likely to be used for further processing and analysis in particular for developing yield models for yield estimation and crop forecasting In addition to station ID longitude X and latitude Y AVAIL percent of actual data used in the calculations and Z elevation the variables listed in the summary are the following H and WHCi the soil Water Holding Capacity and its initial value respectively EfR the ratio between effective and actual total and rain in percent Efrain see above P the planting dekad 1 36 C the length of the crop cycle dekads TWR total water requirements in mm Indx IndxNor and IndxLatest FAO soil water satisfaction index in 96 of requirements respe
19. he Tools menu Output 1 and 2 TXT text output files Country Name A 2004 Details Dekad Output txt and Output Comments txt Output Comments txt simply lists information about the files as they are processed An example follows AM ARENI No calculations done Missing Planting Dekad AM MERDZAVAN No calculations done Missing Water Holding Capacity AM GYUMRI Water balance calculated successfully AM YEREVAN No calculations done Missing Planting Dekad The second file Country Name 2004 Details Dekad Output txt contains the full details about the water balance An example is given below The abbreviations have the following meaning NOR is normal rainfall ACT is actual rainfall WRK stands for working rainfall i e WRK ACT EfRain 100 if Act is available otherwise WRKzNOR EfRain 100 Irr is the irrigation amount if any PET is the potential evapotranspiration while WR the water requirement is the product of KCR PET AvW is the crop available water S D stands for water Surplus or Deficit and finally INDEX is the Water satisfaction index the percentage of the crop water requirements that has actually been met The end of the table lists actual evapotranspiration water surplus and deficit by phenological phases Station number 40 Crop 14 Station Name STATIONO00040 Elevation 999 m Crop type Potato Cycle length 13 dekads C Total water requirements 389 mm TWR Normal water requirements 319 mm TWRNor Planting
20. here is only one normal start but there are two in bimodal rainfall areas In marginal areas where rainfall is very close to 4096 of PET there may be more than one start even in areas with uni modal rainfall The actual starts may be more than the normal starts particularly in the not so rare event of false starts when rain decreases again after a first start in the field farmers must frequently replant when this happens EXERCISE into AgrometShell AMS AMS installation The Agrometshell exe installation file is given in the beginning of the training course AMS configuration AMS needs first to be configured in order to be adapted to your own work This concerns the ascii editor the boundary file world bna by default that should be Armenia and the image file world img by default In the EDIT menu go to GENERAL CONFIGURATION and modify the default values Select a text ASCII editor in your computer select the boundary file of Armenia and an image of Armenia Finally in order to have this new configuration active it is adviced to restart AMS So quit AMS and restart it STATIONS LIST The command MANAGE STATIONLIST allows you to either create a list of stations that you will use to make a monitoring run or to load an existing list that you intend to use in running a water balance To create a new list select Create new list and then provide a name under Specify a new name for the list
21. olation 11 ard Creating a input file from Database ArmeniasTraining Ranan ex Leave stationot O Monthly Norma weater 0 e pos c NK must i rz Day Missing value in output file 299 Name of output file CAUsers ULGDocuments Armeniaimission2formation rainaugnorm dat 2 View results iv X Cancel Heb am Create an image using simple inverse distance interpolation Output image file CAUsers ULG Documents Armenia mission2formation rainaugnorm img Missing value F999 Reference image CAUsers ULG Documents Armenialava2004armeniaimg E Distance in km between gridlines 5 Maximum interpolation radius in km Minimum number of nearest stations Maximum number of nearest stations Power View results You should have such map 12 SEDI Viewer Output image O HN Wo 0x9 Addlmage AddData AddGraph Add Text r X 7 amp X s8 amp ale Output image datamap parameters Wl 562 17 08 7 HB gt 17 08 to 17 22 2 HB gt 17 22 to 17 26 3 WB WBr vseoves i765 to 17 80 6 Eio to 17 94 7 FB 17 94 to 18 09 8 WB gt 12 09 to 18 23 9 HB gt 18 23 to 18 38 10 Bl o6 11 Wl 185210 18 67 12 Wl 566 13 Woo 14 Wl 55951920 15 Wl 5 10 19 24 16 WB 9927 Bio to 19 53 18 WB 9 56 65 19 Bl 65 6 19 82 20 E iee to 19 97 21 E ieo to 20 11 22 Bl 20 11 to 20 25 2 Bl 20 25 to 20 40 24 BH gt 20 40 to 20 54 25 Wl 20 54 to 20 69 26 HB 20 69 to 20 83 27 Wl 20 83 to 2
22. rmally averaged over administrative areas and then compared with crop yields through multiple regression to derive a Yield Function that in turn can be used to estimate yields In addition to the FAO Crop Specific Soil Water Balance the program proposes many other useful tools for instance the calculation of rainfall probabilities spatial interpolation tools and the determination of growing season characteristics based on climatological parameters Data Input AgroMetShell Make Images What it i 2 Stations Lists Crop definition AMS What it dues Simple Actual daily data Crop coefficients Make SEDI file Actual 10 day data Water Balance SEDI interpolation Import ASCII files Actual monthly data Crop Monitoring 10 daily normals Monthly normals New run Edit run Excecute run Database View results Some Tools Select file Risk Analysis Inventor ventory New run Edit run Backuj Beck Excecute run A note about 9 file format Interpolate missing data in file Rainfall probabilities View results Data Output Reports Maps Graphs Potential evapotranspiration Length of growing period Rescale image Data requirement AMS input Files To run any model or computer programme data availability forms an important component of the whole process The data requirement of AMS are quite reasonable when you compare it to other heavy duty models for crop simulation There are basically
23. t this time for the campaign 2003 This will allow to simulate what happens when actual data are missing we have no ETO data in 2003 for Merdzavan What happens with the output Are there problems with some stations Can you explain why All the output files of the waterbalance calculation are available in the output directory you selected in the running process Go to this directory and open all the output files et check that you understand their content In a first step run the water balance calculation with no irrigation application Option 0 During the run all the results are saved in different files The definition of each output variable is given in the AMS user manual Take ten minutes to read it carrefuly You clearly see that the Water Satisfaction Index in Armenia when starting crop in the first dekad of May fall to very bad values in some districts This simply means that in these areas acceptable yields may only be obtained with irrigation or in soil with very high water holding capacity The second option Option 2 for the irrigation application may then be applied AMS will calculate the amount of water to apply on the field to keep the WSI to 100 Compare the amount of ETA of the two different simulations Do it for the 3 stations Finally use your own data of irrigation schedule according to your personal experience or the one from your colleagues Option 1 and apply it to the 3 stations Make an image of the water bal
24. t values from text file into database File to import C Users ULG Documents Armenia mission2formation rainfalinormal csv Backup database before importing a Jd OK X Cancel 7 Help Be careful Verify that the station names are exactly the same as those you already introduced into the database before importing them Any spell mistakes will lead to the building of a new wrong station and you will have to restart the import procedure The importation procedure will be presented during the course on some examples by B Tychon If the importation runs well you should see the results in the menu DATABASE DATA INVENTORY Please check it You can see the results of the new data on a map in the menu DATABASE MAP Try for example to see the rainfall values on the map for the month of August Choose also another month with dryer conditions There exists two ways to do maps The first one will show stations values on a map You can have this presentation by applying the following procedure DATABASE MAP The example here is for normal rainfall in August 10 ard Creating a map from Database data fameniasmal o e Monthly Normat weater e Rainfall X pos Srti OC OW O WWOWWWUU ups 77 x p 1 1 d p Vv The second one will request an interpolation procedure before mapping First open the menu INTERPOLATE MAKE INPUT FILE DATABASE to create an output file that will serve in the interp
25. tes of the station Altitude The elevation of the station height above sea level Country and Country Code The name of the country in which the station is located e Administrative levels The administrative level 1 and 2 within a country E G Province and District e Three extra attributes to be filled at will The buttons at the top have the following functions Move To Add Delete Stati Previous Last zm Accept Resfresh nai Next Edit Cancel o7 e n 27 x oc Then a number of buttons provide other ways to manipulate the list Add administrative Search VM IG ride Add stations from levels These can a station ASCIT the Base List later be assigned to by name stations Pressing lt OK gt will save the list Pressing Cancel will cancel all changes In this exercise you are asked to enter directly 5 Armenian weather stations DATA INPUT This exercise will serve for the preparation of input data for the water balance calculation that will be done later The FAO methodology for the water balance calculation is based on two main assumptions 1 the ten daily time step is sufficient to estimate with an acceptable accuracy the water balance for agrometeorological purposes 2 Normal potential evapotranspiration PET can be used instead of actual reference evapotranspiration see notes of Frere and Popov 1979 for more explanations when actual PET is not available The water bal
26. the height of the bund for irrigated CHA BA g ee WX S S crops 18 MW DOWA 33 93 13 65 1403 40 95 1 12 33 19 MW DWANGWA 3408 12 48 488 40 95 1 10 36 e Kk1 k2 k3 k4 Up to the value 20 MW DZALANYAMA 335 1422 1219 70 95 i 12 3 corresponding to the last dekad of the cycle crop coefficients KCP Input 2 and 3 Country Name 2003 Rain Dekad Input dat Country Name 2004 Rain Dekad Input dat The two files have actual rainfall for two consecutive years as it often occurs that the crop is planted in one year and harvested in the following one This kind of situation is what happens with winter crops in Belgium and with most crops in southern Africa where rainfall commences in September October of one year and terminates in April May of the following year However in situations where an agricultural season falls within a calendar year which is the case for spring wheat in Armenia AMS will still work Input 4 and 5 Country Name 2003 Irrigation Dekad Input dat Country Name 2004 Irrigation Dekad Input dat The files contain actual values only if they have actually been provided In monitoring rain fed crops these failes are not necessary Input 6 and 7 Country Name 2003 PET Dekad Input dat Country Name 2004 PET Dekad Input dat The two files have actual potential evapotranspiration for two consecutive years as it often occurs that the crop is planted in one year and harvested in the following one Evapotranspiration plays an import
27. uation may be better approximated by subtracting 2 3 C from Tmin You can calculate missing relative humidity with the actualvaporpressure xls file You just need to replace Tmax and Tmin with the values of your stations The reference evapotranspiration ETO can also be calculated with AMS by using in the menu TOOLS POTENTIAL ET You have there two options to calculate it either manually by introducing all the weather parameters day by day or by using a FAO format file that contains all the necessary input variables A example of such file is ETOsolutionmultan csv Try this option with that file Be careful Never use at the same time an average input variable with max and min values of that same variable AMS can also serve for the encoding procedures These procedures may be activated by clicking on the different buttons on the visual menu or more classically through the Database menu choosing the option manage weather data AMS may be used as a basic tool for the management of weather data It will be you who will decide in your Service if this is worthwile to introduce or import the weather data into this new Database Management System Please note finally that not only weather data can be introduced into the Management System but any kind of data including agricultural statistics food prices fertilizer amounts applied etc WATER BALANCE We are now moving to the core of AMS which is the calculation of the soil w
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